The  M. A. C. RECORD. 

MICHIGAN  STATE  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE. 

V O L. 

I 4 --

L A N S I N G,  M I C H I G A N,  T U E S D A Y,  J U NE  2: 

1909. 

No. 

NINETY=  EIGHT  RECEIVE  BACHELOR  DEGREES 

ANNUAL  COLLEGE  EXCUR 
SIONS. 

LARGEST  GRADUATING  CLASS  IN  HISTORY  OF  COLLEGE 

SEVEN  ADVANCED  DEGREES  CONFERRED 

T he  year  1908-09  not  only  wit 
nessed  the  largest  attendance  in  the 
history  of  the  college,  but  the  largest 
graduating  class  as  well.  Ninety-
eight 
their  diplomas  this 
week,  that  being  one  more  than  the 
jubilee  class  of  1907.  Besides  these, 
seven  advanced  degrees  were  con 
ferred. 

received 

T he  festivities  began  on  T h u r s 
day  evening  with  the  annual  parade 
and  cap  burning,  and  be  it  known 

the  faculty.  Dean  and  M r s.  Bisscll 
and  Prof,  and  M r s.  Eustace  were 
the  chaperones. 

I! ACC A I. A U  R E A T K. 

T he  baccalaureate  services  were 
held  in  the  armorv  Sunday  at  3 :oo 
o'clock  according  to  the  following-
program.  T he  address  bv  P r e s. 
Ketler  may  be  found  in  full  in  an 
other  column. 

Doxology—Congregation. 

T he 

morning  at  10:30. 
faculty 
occupied  the  platform  and  the  sen 
iors  reserved  seats  directly  in  front, 
to  which  they;  were  conducted  dur 
ing  the  prosessional  march  bv 
the 
Misses  Blair  and  Taft. 

T he 

invocation  was  pronounced 
by  Rev.  O.  J.  Price,  and  after  an 
appreciated  clarinet  solo  Pres.  Chas. 
Sumner  Howe,  delivered 
the  ad 
the  subject  of  which  was 
dress, 
it  will  be 
Industrial  Education, 

Plans  are  now  well  under  way 
for  the  annual  college  excursions, 
which  will  be  held  this  year  during 
the  week  beginning  August  23rd. 
T h e se  excursions  will  be  run  oyer 
five  different  lines. 

On  Monday,  the  -3d.  the  excur 
sions  will  lie  over  the  Grand  T r u nk 
from  the  following  points,  including 
intermediate  stations  :  Port  Huron. 
to  Col 
Imlay  City,  Flint,  Durand 
lege  :  Detroit,  Pontiac.  Fcnton. 
to 
College  ;  Owosso,  Corunna.  to  Col 
lege  ;  E d w a r d s b u r g. 
Schoolcraft, 
Battle  Creek,  Olivet.  Charlotte,  to 
College;  Bay  City,  Saginaw,  Mon 
trose,  Flushing  to  College. 

On  Tuesday,  the  Jqth.  the  1'.  M . 
from  Grand 
will  run  excursions 
Blanc.  Clyde,  Northville.  Plymouth, 
to  the  college;  Plymouth,  Howell. 
Williamston,  to  college;  Big  R a p 
ids,  Edmore,  Stanton,  Ionia.  Port 
inter 
to 
land, 
mediate  points. 

including 

college, 

Wednesday, 

the  2^th.  will 

run  excursions 

be 
given  up  to  the  Lake  Shore  K v., 
which  will 
from 
Blissfied.  Adrian.  Hillsdale.  Albion, 
from  W h i te 
to  college. 
.Also 
Pigeon.  Jonesviile.  to  college, 
in 
cluding  intermediate  points. 

GRADUATING  CLASS,  1 9 0 9. 

that  the  class  1910  deviated  some 
the  set  plan  of  former 
what  from 
years  and  let 
faculty  rest  in 
peace. 

the 

Invocation—Rev.  F.  W.  Corbett. 
Anthem,  "The  Lord  is  Great,"  Men-

delssohn-Loehr—College  Choir. 

Scripture  lesson—Ex.  3, 1:10—Rev.  J. 

there 

.formally 

president  of 

Headed  by  the  band, the  students 
marched  by  classes,  bearing  colored 
lights and  fireworks,  to the  W o m e n 's 
Building)  and 
to  the 
from 
parade  ground  in  front  of  the  P r e s 
ident's  residence,  where  a  platform 
had  been  erected  and  electric  lights 
in  numerals  representing 
arranged 
the  different  classes.  T he 
senior 
banner,  presented  bv  the  class  of 
transferred  by-
'08,  was 
Gerald  Allen, 
the 
senior  class,  to  T.  A.  Jordon-,  presi 
dent  of  the  junior  class,  with 
the 
compliments  of  the  class.  Follow 
ing  this,  talks  were  given  hy  H.  L. 
Kempster,  "Advice  to  Freshmen  ;" 
Bert  Shedd,  "Advice 
to  P r e p s ;" 
and  by  L . ' G.  Kurtz,  president  of 
the  sophomore  class,  C M.  Jewell, 
president  of  the  freshman  class,  and. 
by  \V.  C.  Chapman.  After  each 
speech  a  baloon  was  sent  up,  upon 
which  was  painted  the  class  numer 
als. 
the 
freshmen  and  preps,  performed  a 
snake  dance  around  a  huge  bonfire, 
and  celebrated 
their  promotion  In 
h u m i ng  their  official  caps. 

the  program 

Following 

S E N I OR  D A Y. 

Saturday  was  senior  day,  which 
was  celebrated  by  the  class  with  a 
picnic  at  Pine  lake.  A  picnic  din 
ner  and  supper  was  served  at 
the 
lake,  the  class  returning  at  7 130  to 
enjoy  a dancing  party  in  the  armory, 
which  had  been  tastily  decorated  by 

T.  La  Gear. 

Solo,  "He  was  Despised,"  from 

the 
"Messiah,"  Haendel—Miss  L o u i se 
Stretch. 

Prayer—Rev.  David  Howell. 
Hymn,  "Mendon." 
Trio,  "Lift  Thine  Eyes,"  from 

the 
"Elijah,"  Mendelssohn  — Misses  Mae 
Herbert,  Mary Allen  and  Louise Stretch. 
Sermon  by  the  Rev.  Issac  C.  Ketler, 

D.  D.  Theme,  "A  Fine  Soul." 

Solo,  "O Rest  in  the  Lord,"  from  the 
"Elijah,"  Mendelssohn—Miss  L o u i se 
Stretch. 

Benediction—Rev.  F.  G.  Ward. 

C L A SS  D A Y. 

Class  Day  exercises  were  held  in 
the  armory  Monday  afternoon  at 
2 130 o'clock.  T h is  is  one  of  the  new 
features  of  commencement  week, 
and  proved  to  be  a  pleasant  innova 
tion.  The" program  follows  : 

President's  Address—G.  H.  Allen. 
Class History—F.  E.  Wood. 
Music — quartet — Messrs.  Garcinara. 
G.  H. Stephens,  R. A. Turner,  and  Prof. 
Patton. 

Class  Prophecy  — Miss  Edith  Hudson 

and  Mr.  H.  L.  Kempster 

Class Will—M.  B.  Ashley. 
T he  entire  program,  with  the  ex 
ception  of  the  music,  will  be  found 
on  another  page  of  this  issue. 

C O M M E N C E M E N T. 

T he 

exercises 
were  held  in  the  armory  Tuesday 

commencement 

in  full 

in  another  column. 

found 
After  another  selection  by  the  or 
chestra,  President  Snyder  conferred 
the  advanced  d e g r e c ^ a nd 
then,  as 
each  senior  filed  past,  called  each  by 
name  and  presented 
the  diplomas. 
T he  following  received  degrees  : 

BACHELORS  OF  SCIENCE. 

signaled  hy a 

Agricultural  graduates  ar 
Englneeri Qg  by e, Hotm 
and  Forestry  by/. 
Allen,  Mary  Geraldine,  h 
Allen.  Gerald  Henry, e 
Anibal,  Ben  Henry, e 
Ashley,  Myron  Billings,  a 
Baumgras,  William  Jacob,  e 
Belknap,  Leon  Van  Renssalaer,  e 
Belknap,  Leslie  Howard,  e 
Bignell,  George  Andrew,  / 
Bowerman,  Myron  Ralph, e 
Boyd,  David  Leonidas, e 
Brodie,  Robert  Chester,  a 
Burroughs,  Fay  Farnham, e 
Cameron, Bertha  Clifford,  /; 
Cavanaugh,  Joseph  A  , a 
Clark,  Briggs  Lyman,  e 
Cobb,  Charles Cary, e 
Colby,  Zecas  Eugene,  e 
Crosby,  Amos  Hale, a 
Dains, Frank  H., e 
Dickson,  Robert  Emmett,  / 
Dunlap,  Charles, e 
Edwards,  Charles  William,  a 
Edwards,  Charles  Herbert,  / 
Emery,  Clyde Lamont,  e 
Esselstyn,  Helen  Martha,  h 
Fairbanks,  Oscar  William,  e 
Fisher,  Stacey  Stephen,  e 
Frazer,  William  David,  e 
Garcinava  Alfonso,  a 
Gardner,  Shirley  May. h 
Gilbert,  Arthur  Glenn,  a 

(Continued  on  page 2.1 

combine. 

Thursday,  the  26th, 

the  Michi 
lines 
gan  Central  and  Ann  Arbor 
will 
T he  M.  C.  v\il! 
coyer  the  following  and  intermediate 
points  :  Vpsilanti.  Ann  Arbor, 
Jacksojti,  tp  college;  Three  Rivers, 
Burlington. 
college; 
Jackson, 
West  Branch, 
l'inconning.  Bay 
City,  to  college  :  Bay  City.  Sag 
Charles.  Chesaning, 
inaw, 
T he  Ann 
Owosso, 
to  college. 
,  Arbor  will  run  a  train  from  Cad 
these 
to  Owosso.  connecting 

St. 

to 

illac 
with  the  M.  C. 

the 

taking 

Friday,  the  27th,  the 

remaining 
line  of  the  Pere  Marquette  will  be 
following 
in 
covered, 
•  and  intermediate  points  :  Fremont, 
White  Cloud,  N e w a y g o.  Sparta, 
Grand  Rapids,  to  College;  Grand 
Rapids.  Alto.  Lake  Odessa.  Grand 
Ledge,  to  College.  A 
train  will 
also  be  run  from  Freeport  to  Elm-
dale.  St.  Joseph,  Hartford,  Ban 
gor,,  Fennville, 
to  College:  Alle 
gan,  Hamilton,  to  Holland,  to  Col 
lege;  Holland,  Yriesland,  Grand-
ville,  to  College. 

Students,  alumni  and other  friends 
to  keep 
interest 
should  come  and  see 
it  is 

of  the  college  are  asked 
these  dates  in  mind  and 
those  who 
what  the  college  is  and  what 
doing. 

to 

T he  IVorhPs  Work  says  there  is 
a  county  in  the  state  of  Mississippi, 
the  only  county  in  the  nation  in  fact, 
" w h e re  practically  every  white  bov 
of  school  age  is  working  a  piece  of 
ground  with  his  own  hands  as  a 
part  of  his  education—working 
it 
too,  under  proper  direction  so  that 
what  he  does  has  a  definite  educa 
tional  value';  working  it,  too,  so  as 
to  produce  a  better  yield,  at  a  lower 
cost 
land  ever  before 
k n e w ." 

than 

the 

T h e M.  A. C.  RECORD 

PUBLISHED EVERY TUESDAY  DURING THE COLLEGE 
YEAR  BY  THE  MICHIGAN  STATE 
AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE 

w 

J.  W R I G H T, 

' 0 4,  M A N A G I NG  E D I T OR 

SUBSCRIPTION 

50  CENTS  PER  YEAR 
Entered  as  second-class  mail  matter  at 

- 

Lansing,  Mich. 

Remit  by  P.  0.  Money  Order,  Draft  or 

Registered  Letter.  Do not  send  stamps. 

Address all  subscriptions  and  advertising 
matter  to  the  College  Secretary,  East  Lan-
sing,  Mich.  Address  all  contributions  to 
the  Managing  Editor. 

TUESDA 

1\  JUNE 

22,  1909 

NINETY-EIGHT  RECEIVE 
BACHELOR  DEGREES. 

(Continued  from  page  1.) 

Gorton,  Clyde, e 
Graham,  Olive  Estelle,  h 
Graybill,  Jacob  Light,  a 
Grenhoe,  Claude, e 
Hall,  Florence  Louise,  h 
Harrison,  Howard  Histand, e 
Hartman,  William  Henry, e 
Hoopingarner,  Roy  Gabriel,  a 
Hopphan,  Karl  Earnest,  e 
Hubbard,  George  Freeman,  e 
Hubbard,  Nelson  Blood, e 
Hudson,  Edith  Fannie,  h 
Hudson,  Mary  Ethlyn,  h 
Hulett,  Edwin  B.,  a. 
Hutchins,  Alem  J:,  a 
Hyde,  Leta  Hannah,  h 
Ingall,  Harlow  Dewey,  a 
Jerome,  Ben, e 
Kamps,  George  Bernard,  e 
Kempster,  Harry  Laverne, a 
Kierstsad,  Friend  Hans, e 
Kline, Justin  Harold, e 
Knight,  Seth  Fred,  e 
Koch,  Catherine  Elizabeth,  h 
Kurtz,  Raymond  Lapp, e 
Lapworth.  Charles  William,  e 
Latson,  Alice  Leoni,  h 
Lindsley,  George  W.,  a 
Lyon,  Roy Robert,  e 
Martin,  Grace  Irene, // 
Mason,  Charles  Wilkin,  a 
McCadie,  James  Henry,  e 
McCullough,  Nelson,  e 
McDevitt,  Justin  John,  e 
Mitchell,  John  Alfred,  /. 
Moss,  Walter  Neil, e 
Murdock,  Russell  Alger 
Nash,  Lawrence  Claude,  a 
Oviatt,  Charles  Jay,  a 
Parker,  Frank, e 
Perkins,  Laverne  Lewis, e 
•Pokorny.  Otto  Arthur,  e 
Postiff,  Walter,  a 
Pratt,  Burr  Bartram,  a 
Pratt,  Hubert  Cushman,  e 
Pratt,  Judson  Edward,  a 
Raynor,  Alleen  Camille,  h 
Reynolds,  Robert  Morley,  a 
Roberts,  Benjamin  Hulbert,  a 
Robertson,  James  Earl, e 
Severance,  Myrta  Henrietta  h 
Smith,  Leroy  Clarke, e 
"Sobey,  Albert,  e 
Sprague,  Milton  W.,  a 
Spurway,  Charles  Henry,  a 
Stafford,  William  Rogers, e 
Stephen,  Glenn  Hough,  e 
Tanner,  Russell  Vaughn,  / 
Taylor,  Charles  Chandler,  a 
Taylor,  Floyd  Clyde, e 
Taylor,  Reese,  Warner,  / 
Towar,  Max  Leonard,  a 
Trout,  Winford  Carlisle,  a 
Valentine,  Floyd  Herbert, e 
Webb,  Frank  Kline, e 
Welles,  Jacob Sloat,  a 
Wood,  Frank  Esler,  e 

ADVANCED  DEGREES. 
Bennett  Edmund  Roswell,  M.  Hort. 
Brown,  William  Rutherford,  C.  E. 
Craig,  Albert  George,  M.  Hort. 
Howe,  Frank  William,  M.  S. 
Moore, James  Garfield,  M.  Hort. 
Richmond,  Ernest  Alfred,  M.  E. 
Williams,  George Whitney,  M.  E. 

T he  M.  A. 

.  RECORD. 

SOCIETY  REUNION'S. 

to 

According 

the  program 

for 
commencement  week,  two  nights, 
Friday  and  Tuesday,  were  reserved 
for  the  society  re-unions.  An  un 
usual  number  of  alumni  were  pres 
ent. 

The  Union  Literary 

Society  gave 
a  reception  id  their  rooms,  which 
was  followed  by  a banquet  in  Wells 
Hall.  After 
the  banquet  a  special 
car  was  taken  to  Pine  L a k e,  where 
the  dancing  occurred. 

the 

parlors 

The  Colutnbians 
in 

gave  their  re 
ception 
the 
of 
W o m e n 's  Building  Tuesday  night, 
followed  by  a  banquet  in  the  dining-
room.  T he  dancing  was  held 
in 
the  large  rooms  on  the  second  floor 
of  the  engineering  building,  which 
were 
the 
occasion. 

specially  decorated 

for 

The  Hesficrians 

held  their  party 
in  the  armor}'  Tuesday,  and  intro 
duced  a  rather  novel 
feature  by 
having  the  banquet  served  in  Wells 
Hall  at  10  o'clock.  Xo  toasts  were 
given,  the  party  returning  directly 
to  the  armory  again  for  dancing.  A 
part  of  the  commencement  decora 
tions  were  utilized. 

held 
in  their 

their  party 
Tlie  Olympics 
Tuesday  night 
rooms  in 
Williams  Hall  and  the  Columbian 
rooms  adjoining,  both  of  which 
were  prettily  decorated  for  the  oc 
casion.  T he  banquet  was  served  in 
Club  A.  Boos'  orchestra,  Of  Jack 
son,  furnished 

the  music. 

The  Eclectic 

Society  gave  their 
party  in  their  building  in  Oakwood 
Tuesday  night.  T he  reception  and 
the  time  until  mid 
banquet  filled 
night,  which  was 
by 
dancing  until  5  a.  m.  A  large  num 
guests  were 
ber  of  out-of  town 
present. 

followed 

The  Aurorcan 

reunion  was  held 
in  Lansing,  Friday  night.  T he 
banquet  was  served 
in  the  dining 
the  Hotel  Wentworth, 
room  of 
which  was 
followed  by  a  program 
of  toasts.  T he  dancing  was  held  in 
the  K.  P.  hall. 

The  Feronian 
evening 

partv  was  held 
Friday 
the  Armory. 
T he  music  was  furnished  by  Fin-
zel's  orchestra,  of  Detroit.  Prof, 
and  M r s. J.  F.  Baker  were  patrons. 

in 

Alpliian 

The  Ero 

partv  was 
held 
in  the  Engineering  building. 
Friday  evening.  About  fifty  couples 
were  present,  the  patrons  being 
Pres.  and  M r s . S n v d er  and  Director 
and  Mrs.  Brewer. 

PROF. HEDRICK  RECEIVES 
PH. D. DEGREE. 

T he  many  friends  of  Prof.  W.  O. 
to  learn 
Hedrick  will  be  pleased 
that  on  the  24th  he  received 
from 
the  University  of  Michigan  the  de 
gree  of  doctor  of  philosophy. 

in 

Prof.  Hedrick, 

1903,  was 
granted  a  one-half  year's  absence, 
which  he  spent  in  study  at  the  uni 
versity,  and  has  since  spent  several 
summers  at  the  University  of  Chi 
cago.  T he  subject  of  his  thesis 
was,  " T he  History  of  Railroad 
Taxation  in  Michigan." 

Prof.  Hedrick  has  justly  earned 
the  reputation  of  being  one  of 
the 
hardest  working  men  on  the  M.  A. 
C.  faculty.  His  achievement 
is  a 
matter  for  congratulation. 

Eighteen  young  people  took  the 
examinations 
year 
courses  Tuesday  and  Wednesday. 

four 

the 

for 

FORESTER'S  ACCEPT  AP 
POINTMENTS. 

their  appointments 

Messrs.  G.  W.  Hendry,  J.  A. 
Mitchell  and  R.  W.  Taylor  have 
received 
from 
the  U.  S-  Forest  Service.  Mr. 
Hendry  will  report  in  Washington, 
M r.  Mitchell  in  San  Francisco  and 
Mr.  Taylor  at  Odgen,  Utah.  These 
men  will  receive  $1,000  per  year 
and  all  expenses  from  East  Lan 
in 
sing.  Their  work  will  consist 
locating  boundaries,  mapping,  ex 
amining  and  estimating  timber  and 
aiding  to  carry  on  the  regular  rou 
tine  work 
the 
national  forest. 

connected  with 

to 

travel 

Foresters  in  the  employ  of  the  U. 
S.  Forest  Service  have  an  excellent 
opportunity 
extensively 
and  see  a  great  deal  of  the  west. 
T he  w o rk  for  the  first  year  usually 
takes  the  man  over  a  great  deal  of 
the 
territory;  during 
the  summer 
work  is  in  the  northern  part  of 
the 
U.  S.,  W y o m i ng  and  Montana  and 
adjacent  territory.  During  the  win 
ter  the  positions  are  usually  shifted 
to  the  south  and  southwest,  extend 
ing  to  southern  Texas  and  southern 
California. 

in 

in 

to  come 

Forestry  graduates  have  an  op 
portunity 
touch  with 
western  conditions  and  to  take  part 
in  the  promotion  of  forestry  in  the 
west.  T h e re  are  few  college  grad 
uates  w ho  have  such  excellent  op 
portunities  for  training  and  experi 
ence  along  their  lines  as  these  men. 
T h ey  come 
touch  with  every 
phase  of 
life;  they  are  in  mining-
camps  and  in  lumber  woods,  irrigat 
ed  districts  and  the  plains,  and  are 
usually  called  into  the  head  office  at 
Washington  at  least  three  months 
during 
in 
contact  with  the  office  and  the  busi 
ness  side  of  the  work.  Even  to  a  ' 
man  who  has  not  definitely  made 
up  his  mind  to  follow  forestry  as 
his  life  work  this  experience  would 
be  invaluable. 

the  year,  thus  coming 

T he 

total  number  of  new  men 
taken  on  by  the  U.  S. forest  service 
through  this  year's  civil  service  ex 
aminations  was  53  out  Of  a  total  of 
159  taking  the  examination. 

As  indicated  by  this  examination 
the  forestry  course  at  M.  A.  C. 
ranks  third  among  the  18  universi-  . 
ties  and  colleges  giving  definite  for 
estry  work. 

Each  of  the  two  institutions  rank 
ing  above  M.  A.  C.  are  universities 
arid  each  have  a  total  enrollment 
exceeding  this  institute  by  approxi 
mately  2,000  students. 

INTERESTING  EXPERIMENT 
COMPLETED. 

An  experiment  in  the  production 
of'baby  beef  which  has  been  carried 
on  at  the  college  for  three  years  was 
concluded  last  week,  and  the  results, 
which  will  soon  be  published,  will 
that 
go  a  long  way  toward  settling 
much  mooted  question  of 
the  rela 
tive  advantage  of  pail  fed  and  suck 
led  calves.  E a ch  year  .there  were 
two  lots  of  cows  set  a p a r t;  one  lot 
being  allowed 
to  suckle  its  calves, 
and 
the  other  having  their  calves 
weaned  as  soon  as  thev  were  born 
and  raised  on  the  pail.  Of  the  first 
lot,  a complete  individual  record  was 
kept  of  all  the  feed 
that  the  cows 
who  suckled  their  calves  consumed 
and  also  the  amount  of  supplemen 
tary  food  that  the  calves  consumed. 
In  the  second  lot,  the  young  calves 
were  fed  whole  milk  for  the  first 

ALUMNI 

T he 

following  alumni  were 

in 
evidence  about  the  campus  during 
there 
commencement.  Xo  doubt 
were  many  others  who  escaped  our 
attention  : 

'89. 

L.  A.  Clinton. 

Allen  Stone. 

'91. 

'96. 

G.  W.  Williams, J.  Tracy. 

' 0 1. 

M.  L.  Ireland,  C.  A.  McCue. 

' 0 2. 
Burt  W e r m u t h,  W.  }.  Gieb,  D. 
S.  Bullock,  E.  A.  Richmond,  F.  G. 
Carpenter. 

J.  G.  Moore. 

L.  T.  Clark. 

'°3-

'04. 

' 

'OS- _ 
Paulina  Raven,  V.  R.  Gardner, 

Pernice  (Jackson)  Gardner. 

'06. 
F r a nk  Liverance,  Harriet  Angell, 

R ay  Potts,  A.  V.  Robson. 

'07. 
Phillip  Goldsmith,  Gordon  Dud 
ley,  Helen  Ashley,  E.  J.  Krause, 
Neil  Perry,  C.  P.  McXTaughton. 

'08. 
C.  E.  Merwin,  Bess  Covell,  S. 
W.  Horton,  J as.  Dice,  Floyd  Bor 
den,  Neina  A n d r e w s,  N.  J.  Hill, 
A my  Hurlbert,  Lora  H y d e,  Grace. 
Owen,  W.  M.  Rider,  Walter  Small, 
Mary  ( P r a t t)  Potts,  j,  W . W i l b u r .: 

'09. 

C.  F.  Austin. 

the 

then 

six  weeks  and  were 
fed  on 
skimmed  milk  until  thev  were  seven 
or  eight  months  old.  T h ey  were 
also  given  grain  and  hay,  a  careful 
record  being  kept  of  all  food  con 
sumed.  T he  cows  of 
the  second 
lot  were  milked  and  individual  rec 
ords  kept  of  the  amount  of  milk  and 
butter  fat  produced  and  also 
the 
consumed.  T he 
amount  of 
feed 
calves  of  both 
lots  were  fed  very 
liberally  with  the  idea  of  marketing 
them  at  eighteen  months  of  age,, as 
"•baby  beef"  in  the  finished  condi 
experiment 
tion.  Last  week 
ended  with  their  shipment 
to  the 
Charles  Klinck  Packing  Company, 
of  Buffalo,  where  they  were  slaugh 
tered.  T he 
fourteen  \ oung  cattle 
in  the  lot  weighed  before  the  slaugh 
ter  14,620  pounds  or  over  1,000 
pounds to the  animal.  W h en  dressed 
the  lot  weighed  8,507  pounds.  T he 
hides  weighed  965  pounds  and 
the 
tallow  877.  Prof.  H.  W.  Xorton 
had  charge  of  the  experiments  and 
saw  the  animals  dressed  in  Buffalo. 
T he  results  show  that  calves  raised 
on  skimmed  milk  are  as  good  when 
mature  as those  suckled  by  the  cows. 
two  cents 
T he 
finished 
more  a  pound  to  produce  a 
animal  that  had  been  suckled 
than 
it  did  to  produce  a  like  animal  when 
fed  on  skimmed  milk.  Besides  this 
a  profit  of  $27  was  realized 
from 
the  damms  of  the  pail-fed  calves  as 
against  no  profit  from 
the  damms 
of  the  suckled  calves. 

first  year 

it  cost 

T he  M. A. C.  RECORD. 

Fishing  Tackle 

Cutlery 

Carpenter's  Tools 

Glass, Etc. 

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Matresses 

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120  W A S H.  AVE. S O. 

H O L L I S T ER  B L O CK 

A B O UT  T HE  CAMP  U S 

Miss  Caroline  Holt  will  attend 
the  summer  session  of the  T e a c h e r s' 
College  in  N ew  Y o r k, 
taking  a 
course  in art and  design. 

Prof.  French  gave  the  baccalaure 
ate  address  at  North  Adams  Sun 
day  evening  and the  commencement 
address  at  Wyandotte,  Wednesday 
evening. 

Miss  Ethel  Sheets,  formerly de 
partment  stenographer  at  the  col 
lege,  was  married  T h u r s d a y,  J u ne 
17,  to  M r.  Frederick  L.  W a i t e. 
T h ey  will  reside  at  434  Pine  St., 
South,  Lansing. 

Mr.  C.  H.  Harper  has  accepted 
a  lucrative  position  at the  Chestnut 
Hill  Academy  in  Phila.  as  teacher 
and  mathematics. 
of 
Everyone  regrets  M r. Harper's go 
ing,  as  he was a  very  popular  and 
exceedingly  successful 

drawing 

teacher. 

G.  S.  Bullock,  '0.2, w ho  since 
graduation  has  been  in  Chili,  S.  A., 
has  presented  to the museum  a  rare 
collection  of  birds  and  mammals. 
T he  collection  of  birds  consists  of 
some  130  specimens 
representing 
over  50  species  which  are  new to 
the  museum. 

T he  vacancies  in  the  instructing 
staff  of  the  drawing  department 
have  been  filled  by the  appointment 
of  M r. C. C. Cobb,  w ho  graduates 
this  year  in mechanical  engineering, 
and  M r. Paul  N. Ford,  a  graduate 
of  Cornell  college,  Iowa,  with  the 
degree  of C. E ., a  man of  consider 
able  practical  experience  and  w ho 
comes  to  us  highly  recommended. 

Instructor  Lefrler  sailed  Saturday 
for  Europe,  where  he  will  spend 
the  summer  vacation. 

Prof.  V. T.  Wilson  goes  to  U r-
bana,  111., shortly  after  the  close  of 
college  to arrange  for a new  edition 
of  " N o t es  on  Practical  Mechanical 
D r a w i n g ." 

In  a recent,  relay  race  on  college 
Held  G. H. Allen  ran the quarter in 
flat.  T h is  is the  best 
51  seconds 
time  ever  made  on  college 
field, 
though  it can  stand  only  as an  un 
official  record. 

Plans  are under  way to secure for 
next  year  a lecture  course  of  excep 
tional  merit.  It  will  be in charge of 
a  committee  of  the 
arts 
union. 
It is proposed  to bring  sev 
eral  well  known  lecturers  to the  col 
lege, as well  as musical  talent.  T he 
program  will  be arranged  and  the 
tickets  on sale  at the opening  of  the 
school  year. 

liberal 

the 

juniors 

M r.  R. S. W h e e l er  and M r. I.  G. 
Gilson, 
forestry 
in 
course,  have  accepted  positions  as 
rangers 
in  the  Kootenai  national 
forest,  with  headquarters  at  Libby, 
Montana.  T h is  work  is  taken  up 
to  secure  knowledge  pf  conditions 
in  the national  forests  and to  secure 
practical  work  along  forestry  lines. 
T h ey  will  receive  $75.00  per  month 
and  expenses  while  in  the  field. 
T h e ir  work  will  be  examining  and 
mapping  timber.  Each  will  work 
with  an  experienced  ranger,  under 
the  supervision  of  the  supervisor. 
T h ey  will  return  in time  to take  up 
college  work  in the fall. 

L O S T . — On  Friday  evening,  J u ne 
18,  at  the  armoiw,  a  silk  striped 
shawl,  blue  and  white. 
Roman 
Finder  please 
leave  at  W o m a n 's 
building. 

Colorado  has by  law  forbidden 
secret  societies,  fraternities,  and all 
similar  organizations  in the elemen 
tary  and high  schools  of  the  state. 

T h e re  is some  talk  next  year  of 
uniting  the inter-scholastic  meet, the 
May  festival,  and  the  exhibition of 
public  school  drawings, and  making 
a  gala  time,  perhaps  adding  a  dance 
or  students'  plav. 

T he  silver  mounted  carving  knife 
donated  by the class  of  191 1  at the 
occasion  of  the  first  annual  hallow-
e'en  barbacue,  which  was  organized 
by  that  class,  is now  in  the  library 
and  will  be handed  down  from  class 
to  class. 

If  the one consideration,  to  know 
nothing  about  the  conditions,  is  as 
essential  in college  government  as it 
is  to be an  ideal  juryman,  then  the 
advice  appearing  in a  recent  editor 
ial  in  a  Lansing  paper  should  be 
carefully  heeded  by  the  college 
authorities. 

Several  of  the  junior 

foresters 
have  already  accepted  positions  in 
lumber  camps  in northern  Wiscon 
sin,  this  w o rk  to be taken  up at  the 
close  of  the  summer  term,  July 28. 
T h e re  are  still 
several  positions 
open  for summer  work  in  mills and 
lumber  camps  for  students  who  de 
sire  them.  Such  positions  offer ex 
cellent  opportunity  for practical  ex 
perience. 

JUNE WEDDINGS. 

F r a nk  E.  Liverance, 

'07, and 
Miss  Iris  Ennis  were  married  on 
June  16,  at  Laurel, 
Wednesday, 
Md. 

A.  N.  Robson, 

'07,  and  Miss 
Grace  Maude  Kittans  were  married 
on  Wednesday,  J u ne  16.  At  home 
their  friends  after  J u ly  15 at 
to 
Lake  George,  N. Y. 

O.  I I.  Skinner,  '02, and  Miss 
N o r ma  Augusta  Searing  were  mar 
ried  Wednesday, J u ne  16, at  Lyons, 
Mich.  At  home  at 52  E.  18th St. 
Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Burt  W e r m u t h, 

'02,  and  Miss 
Katherine  A nn  Stevenson  were 
married  on  Wednesday,  J u ne 23d. 

P L AN  W AR  A G A I N ST  MOS 
QUITOES. 

T he  hordes  of  mosquitoes  which 
infest  the campus  every  spring may 
be  no  more,  if  the  plans  of  Prof. 
Pettit  and  his  assistants  can  be 
brought  to a successful  completion. 
T he  reason  for the great  number of 
pests  is  said  to be  the number  of 
stagnant  ponds  in  the  vicinity  in 
which  they  breed.  T he  plans  are 
locate  all  such  ponds  near  the 
to 
college  and  either  drain 
them  or 
else  treat  them  with  fuel  oil.  Fish 
which  have  an  appetite 
for  the 
young  mosquitoes  will  also  be in 
troduced  into  the  breeding  places. 
If  funds  can  be  had  the annoyance 
may  be  abated. 

4 

T he  M.  A.  C.  RECORD. 

CLASS  WILL. 

BY  M.  B.  ASHLEY. 

I  hardly  suppose that the  enthusiastic 
band  of  preps,  which  so  vigorously 
raided  the  sanctum  sanctorum  of  our 
President  in  the  fall  of  1904  realized 
that  their  life  as a  class  was  limited  to 
a short  fixe  years. 
I  am  sure  that  even 
after  a  number  of  terms'  acquaintance 
with  a  slide  rule  or  Atwaters  dietaries 
that  they  fail  to  realize  the  full  signifi 
cance of  the  fact  even  yet.  Yet  it  is  a 
sad .reality.  Tomorrow  at  eleven-thirty 
the  class  of  1909, as  a  unit  in  the  col 
lege  community,  will  have  passed  into 
the great beyond.  Individually,  though, 
some of  us may  even  yet  receive  a  life 
preserver  in  the  form  of  a  " c o n"  in 
French  or  a  flunk  in  "Bedology." 
Experience  has  taught  us  that 

the 
most  effective  method  of  finding  out 
whether  we  are  eligible  to  receive  de 
grees  tomorrow  or  not  is to  go  down  to 
the  book  store,  and  if  you  are  allowed 
to  buy  an  alumni  pin,  you  may  gradu 
ate,  and  if  you  can't,  you  wont. 

About  the  time  of  the  agitation  con 
cerning  our  bedecking ourselves in  caps 
and  gowns  for 
these  impressive  cere 
monies,  some fertile  trained  senior  gen 
erated  the  idea  that  instead  of  slipping 
out of this  community  with  nothing  left 
behind  us  but  a  scorched  place  in  the 
atmosphere,  that  through  the  medium 
of  a  class will we leave several  mementos 
of  our  existence  here  to  our  successors. 
In  a moment of  indiscretion,  the  very 
worst  they  ever  had,  I  was elected  pro 
bate  judge,  and  instructed  to  make  an 
appraisal  of  all  goods  and  chattels  of 
whatsoever  kind  and  description  be 
longing  to said  class and to draft  an  iron 
clad  will  . which  even  Mr.  Baker  in 
foundry  could  not  break, for  the disposi 
tion  of  said goods and chattels  in accord 
ance with  their  desires and  wishes. 

So far  the  judge  has  found 

the  ap 
praisal of  the  class  property  to  be  the 
more difficult.  For  instance,  I  found  a 
large  amount  of  senior  dignity  on  the 
front  row  in  the  Bijou,  and  a  senior 
derby  floating  down  the  Red  Cedar,  an 
excellent  target  for  Wells  Hall  sharp 
shooters.  A senior  table  in  club  G. was 
found  full  of  young  ladies,  and  an  eng 
by  his  Ag. 
ineers  thesis  was  used 
roommate  for  shaving  paper.  Such 
were  the  trials  and  tribulations  of  your 
humble  judge,  and  he  is  exceedingly 
thankful  that  his  term  expires  tomor 
row. 

• 

THE  WILL. 
The  supreme  powers  now  governing 
us,  having  decided  that  five  years  from 
the  birth  of  a  new  class  into  our  midst, 
that  they  should  sing  their  swan  song, 
and 
inasmuch  as  five  years — years 
marked  by mile stones  of  accomplish 
ments and paved with the love of  friends 
—have  passed  into  the  dim,  dark  dis 
tance  since  the  class  of  1909  first  gazed 
with  wondering eyes into  the.broad  sun 
of  knowledge  which  light  our  college 
world,  it  becomes a  pleasure  as well  as 
a  sorrow  to  read  to  assembled  friends 
and  relatives  of  this  class  its  last  will 
and  testament. 

The  class  prays  that  the  recipients of 
its humble  legacies may  accept  them  in 
the  spirit  of  brotherly  love  in  which 
they  are  given,  and  that  they  may  be 
cherished,  not  for  their  intrinsic  value, 
but  for  the  use  which  may  be made  of 
them. 

We,  the  class of  1909, having  reached 
the  full  age  of  college  existence,  and 
acquired  a freedom  of  action  bounded 
only  by the limits of  the  campus,  about 
to  take  our  departure  forever  from  this 
sphere  of  college  life,  having  been  ex 
amined  by  the  powers  that  were,  are, 
and  forever  shall be, and  declared  to be 

sound  in  mind,  though  slightly  weak 
ened  in  body, with  an  unfaltering  mem 
ory  for  the  joys  and  sorrows of  our  var 
ied  existence  among  you,  and  only  a 
hazy  understanding  of  how  we come  to 
be here today;  we  do  hereby  make  and 
publish this, our  last will and  testament, 
revoking  and  making  void  all  other 
wills  heretofore  or at  any  time  made  by 
us;  the  mandates  of 
the  Dean  and 
Prexy  notwithstanding. 

We  have  several  requests  which  we 

hope will be carried  out. 

First.  We ask that our funeral  services 
be  conducted  with  all  the  pomp  and 
dignity  which  our  station  as  seniors 
would  warrant. 

Second.  We  ask  that  the  mayor  of 
East  Lansing  and  the  rest  of  the  Hort. 
department  see  that  our  grave  is  kept 
decorated suitably  with  a Scotch  thistle 
and  a tomato  can. 

Third.  We  desire  that  Prexy  fire  the 

first  handful  of  mud  into  our  grave. 

Fourth.  We  ask  that  the  faculty  be 
comfortably  seated  on  chemistry  stools 
during  our funeral  services. 

Fifth.  We  would  suggest 

that  the 
three  cents  we  have  so  generously  con 
tributed  each  term  to  the  English  de 
partment  be  used  to  purchase  a  new 
hat  for  Mr.  Mann. 

As  to  real  estate  and  personal  prop 
erty,  we  make  the  following  disposi 
tions,  viz. : 

Item:  To  all,  whosoever  they  are  or 
wherever  they  may  be  with  whom  we 
have  come  in  contact  in  class room,  or 
athletic  field,  at  the  study  table  or  on 
the  campus,  we  bequeath  to  such  per 
sons  the  fullest  measure  of  good  will 
and  kind  feeling  and  the  most  earnest 
wishes for  future  successes. 

Item:  To  the  outer  world  which  we 
are  about  to  face  is freely  given  our  en 
tire  fund  of cheerfulness  and  knowledge 
that  we may  make each  community  we 
enter  brighter  and  better because  of  our 
having  lived  in  it. 

Item:  The  characteristic  senior  dig 
nity,  whether  worn  in  green  shoes  or 
under  a  peach  basket  ha*,  is  freely 
willed to the  juniors,  who  from  present 
appearances  seem  to be capable  of  wear 
ing  it  most  becomingly. 

Item:  To  any  one  who  can  use  it  to 
advantage  and  do  credit 
to  Father 
Lung,  Mason's  worthy  example,  we 
bequeath  an  unlimited  right  to  draw  on 
any visible  supply of  senior  bluff. 

To  the  juniors  the  following  items 
are  freety  willed,  trusting  in  the  hope 
that  they  may  acquit  themselves  with 
all  due respect  fortheir  new  property. 

Item:  We  first  of  all  bequeath.to 
them  a new  social committee to  be com 
posed of Professors Shaw and Kedzie and 
Dean  Bissel.  They may do  as they  think 
best  with  the  old one, though  we  would 
advise suspension for  creating  too  much 
disturbance. 

Item:  The  power  of  swaying  by  your 
dignified  examples  at  the  senior  tables 
in  the  clubs,  the  politeness  and  good 
manners  of  under  classmen,  is  now 
yours. 

Item:  To  certain  more  or  less  fortu 
nate  of  your  number  we  bequeath  the 
arduous  and  dangerous  tasks  that  ac 
company  the  position  of  dormitory  in 
spectors.  May  you  settle  all  fines  im 
posed  upon  you  with  promptness,  and 
do please  prevent  the  boys  from  shout-' 
ing  from  the  dormitory  windows. 

Item:  To those  of  you  who  need  the 
five credits  and  take  an  interest in  the 
work,  we  are  proud  to  leave  for  you 
further  efforts  toward  protection,  a  well 
drilled  regiment,  upon  whom  we  feel 
sure  your  energy  will not  be all  wasted. 
With 
this  bequest  goes  the  right  to 
slave  till  midnight  preparing  for  mili 
tary  hops. 

Item:  To a faithful  few  of  your  num 
ber  we leave the  privilege  of  occupying 

the  front  seats  in  chapel.  May  your 
new  fall  suits  gather  even  more  dust 
therefrom  than  did  ours. 

Item:  We  take  pleasure  in  giving  to 
the  junior  co-eds  the  much  respected 
and  popular  privilege of  going  without 
permission  to the  library  evenings,  that 
they  may gain  much  valuable  informa 
tion  and knowledge  of  human  nature. 

Item:  To you  of  the  male  sex of  said 
class is willed  the  most  distinctive  and 
dignified  custom  of  wearing  stiff  hats 
about  the  campus;  in  winter  a  most 
excellent  mark  for  snowballs,  and  in 
summer  the  danger  of  being  mistaken 
for  a member  of  the  sub-faculty. 

Item:  Last  Thursday  evening  we 
handed  down  to you  with  all  due  cere 
monies,  the  student  banner  which,  we 
trust,  will be  zealously  guarded,  so  that 
in  future  years the  custom  may  be kept 
alive,  and  the  memory  of  each  class 
which places its  numerals  thereon,  may 
have  a warm  place  in  the  hearts  of  suc 
ceeding  classes. 

Item:  To  the  Demosthenes  of  your 
number  we yield the  honor  of  represent 
ing the  college  in  the  State  Oratorical 
league  the  coming  year.  May the  hon 
ors he  will  win  be  those  most  worthy of 
conscientious  effort  and  unflattering 
college spirit  which  will be  a  source of 
inspiration  to  him  in  his  labors. 

Item: 

It  is  with  deep  sympathy  that 
we  are  forced  to  leave  with  you,  the 
engineers  of  1910,  the  difficult  task  of 
putting 
in a  hundred  hours  of  thesis 
work.  We can  Only hope that you  carry 
a  little more  inaccurate  instrument  for 
measuring time  than  did  some of  us. 

Item:  To the  literary  stars  of  1910 we 
proudly  hand  down  to  you  the  positions 
on  the  Holcad  staff,  feeling  sure  that 
you  will  appreciate  the  vast 
influence 
which  our  periodical  can  be  made  in 
forming  and  cherishing  college  spirit. 

Also  to  the  fatherly  individuals  of 
your class, whom you  have honored  with 
positions  on  the  student  council,  we 
leave  to you  a noble  work,  well  begun, 
yet still requiring  that  intense  interest, 
self  sacrifice,  and  loyalty  which  typify 
the  best  college  man. 

Item:  We also  leave to those  of  you, 
whose  wisdom  has reached  the  far  see 
ing  eyes of  the  faculty,  certain  most re 
munerative  positions  on  the  teaching 
force  now  held  by  us. 

Mr.  Sobey  earnestly' desires  that  the 
class  of  Preps.,  to  whom  he  has  been 
showing 
intricacies  of  quadratic 
equations,  be  not  too  rudely  awakened 
from  the  spell  under  which  his  bright 
eyes and  sunny  hair  have cast  them. 

the 

Our  eminent  zoologist,  Mr.  Gilbert, 
prays  with  downcast  eyes  and  penitent 
heart  that  his successor  w-ill not  disillu 
sionize his freshmen  girls by telling them 
that  their  hearts  are  no  different  than 
those  of  any  other  class  of  vertebrata 
he ever  taught. 

For  his  chicken's  sake,  Mr.  Kempster 
hopes that  his successor  will  be  another 
white  man. 

In  front  of  Prexy's  residence  we  will 
plant  a  catalpa  to  be watered  by  the 
faculty  and  kept  alive  by  the  enthusi 
asm  with  which  they  fire  the  students. 
To  the  class  of  1910,  we  wish  them 
only  the  truest  success;  that  which  is 
attained  by  honest,  conscientious  toil, 
in  everything 
they  may  undertake, 
whether  it  be in  the  school  room,  or  on 
the  athletic  field. 

To the  remainder  of  the  student-bodj-
we  freely  will  and  bequeath  the  room 
occupied  by  our  Fussers,  in  those  se 
cluded spots so few  of  us know,  between 
the  Wnite  Elephant  and  the  old  log  on 
the  North  River  Bank. 

The front  row  in  the  Bijou  will  here 
to  keep  and 

after  be  entirely  yours 
cherish  as only you  know  how. 

To the  college  we feel  proud  in  being 
able  to  leave  the  accomplishments  of 

several  individual  athletes  whose  work 
needs  no  praise  from  me,  as  well  as 
equally  satisfactory  results  in the  other 
departments  of  college  life. 

We also  leave  a  record  of  having  se 
cured  four  successive  class 
athletic 
championships,  of  which  we  are  duly 
proud. 

We do  humbly  pray  that  the  faculty 
of  this  institution  will  accept  our  most 
sincere  thanks  and  gratitude  from  the 
members  of the  class  of  1909, for  the 
inspiration  and  help 
many  sources  of 
you have  been  to  us, in  the  class  room 
. and wherever  else  we have  come in  con 
tact. 

And  from  each  and  everyone  of  you, 
from  Dr. Beal's white head  to the  enthu 
siastic  Prof.  Baker,  we  part 
tomorrow 
with  a  deep feeling  of  reverence  and of 
thankfulness  for  having  been  permitted 
to  live for  four  short years  in the  atmos 
phere  made  sacred  because  of these,  the 
noblest  men  we will ever  meet. 

tempered  with 

To  the  college  community,  although 
we  leave several  boyish  pranks,  we  hope 
a  lasting  impression  of  serious  earnest 
leavening 
ness, 
power of  good  nature  and  a  thorough 
appreciation  of 
things  worth  while 
will  remain  behind long after  ' 'Charley" 
Oviatt's silver  tongue  has been  silenced 
the 
or  "Jerry"  Allen  has  cOme  down 
last  home  stretch. 

the 

To  our  fellow  students  of  the  past, 
success and  good  luck,  to  our  faculty  a 
hearty  handshake  and  a  sad  farewell; 
and  to our  Alma  Mater,  a  place  which 
we  have  all  learned  to  dearly  love,  we 
leave  with  an  undying  devotion  to  the 
traditions  and  ideals  that  have  been  so 
indelibly  impressed  upon  us here. 

To you,  one  and  all,  friends  who  have 
assembled  here  upon  this,  the  last  day 
of  our  college  life,  we  bid  you  one  and 
all a sad  but  sincere  farewell. 

All the  remainder  and  residue  of  our 
property  of  whatsoever  nature  kind  and 
quality  it  may  be,  and  not  herein  cfis-\ 
posed  of  (after  paying  our  debts  and 
funeral  expenses)  we leave  to  purchase 
a  new  steed  for  Dr.  Blaisdell. 

And  we do hereby  constitute  and  ap 
point  President  Snyder  the  sole  execu 
tor  of  this,  our  last  will  and  testament. 
In  witness  whereof,  we,  the  class of 
nineteen  hundred  nine,  the  testators, 
have  to this,  our  last  will,  set  our  hand 
and seal on this  twenty-first 
'-  ^a^  °^  Ju n e>  anno  domini, 
one  thousand  nine  hundred 
and  nine 

-'SEAL 
I ^_..—) 

(Jpdicil.— We, the  class of  '09, leave  to 
the  college  a  tree,  "catalpa  spuiore," 
which  will  be  formally  planted  in  front 
of  Prexy's  mansion  on  the  hill,  to  grow 
and  thrive  under 
the  beatific  atmos 
phere.  Any  under-class  men  who  at 
tempts  to emulate  George  Washington's 
example  will  be  graduated  by  request. 

William  Morton  Barrows,  for  the 
past  two  years  instructor  in  zoology 
and  geology  at  the  N ew  Hampshire 
State  College  at  Durham,  N.  H., 
has  been  appointed  acting  assistant 
the  department  of 
professor 
zoology  and  entomology  of  Ohio 
State  University,  Columbus,  and 
will  enter  on  his  duties 
in 
September. 

there 

in 

'06. 

W.  Neilson  has  resigned  as 
in 
structor  of  C.  E.  at  the  U.  of  M., 
and  has  accepted  a position  as  assist 
ant  engineer  of  the  W a y ne  County 
Good  Roads  Commission.  His  ad 
dress  is  9  W a rd  Place,  Detroit. 

Secretary  and  M r s.  Brown,  M r s. 
Bissell  and  her  sister  attended  the 
graduating  exercises  at  A nn  A r b or 
Thursday.  Miss  Hearty  Brown 
was  one  of  the  graduates. 

T he  M.  A.  C.  RECORD. 

5 

INDUSTRIAL  EDUCATION. 

Commencement  Address,  Michigan 
State  Agricultural  College, June 22, 
1909.  By  Charles S.  Howe, 
President  Case  School 
of  Applied  Science. 

training,  in  all 

and  they  give  some  work,  which  is 
called  manual 
the 
grades — from  the  first  to  the  eighth. 
In  many  other  cities  and  towns,  the 
manual  training  work  is  confined  to 
the  high 
school,  where  a  slight 
amount  of  it  is  given  in  connection 
with  the  other  work. 

In 

training  of 

the  mind 
taught 

In  many  ways  our  sys 

In  the  past,  education  has  meant 
only. 
the 
Pupils  have  been 
reading, 
writing,  arithmetic,  history,  gram 
mar,  etc.,  and  it  has been  considered 
that  these  were  the  only  subjects  to 
be  taught. 
tern  of  education  has  not  changed 
very  much  from  generation  to  gen 
eration  ;  it  has  been  thought  to  be 
fixed  and  what  was  good  enough 
for  one  generation  must  be  sufficient 
for  another. 
too  many  cases 
we  have  made  this  education  a  study 
of  the  things  of  the  past,  forgetting 
that  the  child  we  are  training  is  to 
be  a  citizen  of  the  present  and  not 
of  the  p a s t;  that  he  is  to  live  the 
life  of  today  and  that  in  order  to  do 
this  with  profit  to  himself  and  with 
beneficial  results  to those  about-him, 
he  must  know 
the 
social,  and  the  industrial  life  of  his 
own  time.  T h at  the  old  type  of  ed 
ucation,  which  trained  the  intellect 
ual  only,  was  efficient  in the  past,  no 
one  can  denv  ;  that  it  ought  to  re 
main  fixed  and  unchangeable  for  the 
future,  few  would  now  attempt  to 
prove.  O ur  system  of  education, 
while  in  many  respects  good,  has 
t he  scientific 
not  kept  pace  with 
the  age.  Education 
progress  of 
should  mean 
the 
the  training  of 
child  for  the  w o rk  he  is to  do in  life. 
T h is  means  that  he  is  to  learn  cer 
tain  things  which  will  be  useful  to 
him  ;  it  means  that  he  should  learn 
where  to  find  other  things  that  may 
be  necessary  for  him  to  know  ;  and 
it  means  a development  of  mind  that 
will  enable  him  to  grasp,  understand 
and  solve  problems  which  he  will 
come 
throughout 
his  entire  life. 

in  contact  with 

the  political, 

T he  education  of 

the  past  has 
been  the  training  of  the  mind,  and 
of  nothing  else  ;  but  more 
than 
ninety  per  cent,  of  the  young  people 
later  earn 
w ho  attend  school  will 
their  living,  not  by  their  brains,  but 
with  their  hands,  and  until  within  a 
few  years  we  have  considered 
it 
absolutely  unnecessary  to  give  any 
training  to  the  hands.  Even  now 
we  do  but  little,  comparatively,  in 
thirty  years 
this  direction.  Some 
ago,  systems  of  manual 
training 
were  introduced  into  a  few  of  our 
schools.  During  the  past  decade, 
the  number  of  schools  where 
this 
work  is  done  has  largely  increased, 
until  now  in  nearly  every  large  city-
more  or 
is 
less,  manual 
given.  Many  people  have  come  to 
believe  that  it  is  necessary  to  train 
the  eye  and  the  hand  of  the  child  as 
well  as  the  mind  ;  that  this  is  a  part 
of  true  education  and 
that  intellec 
tual  g r o w th  and  culture  may  come 
training  as 
throxigh 
well  as  through  that  which  has  pre 
vailed  in  the  past  ages. 

this  kind  of 

training 

training 

I  doubt  if  we  have  yet  reached 
the  point  where  the  full  value  of 
this 
is  understood.  We 
are  still  learning,  and,  in  the  process 
of  learning,  we  must  grope  our  way. 
and  do  the  best  we  can,  trying  to 
find  out  the  relation  of  this  n ew  ed 
ucation  to  the  other,  and 
influ 
ence,  not  only  upon  the  child,  but 
upon  the  nation.  Manual  training, 
as  already  stated,  has  been 
intro 
duced  into  a  few  schools.  Nearly 
all  the  larger  cities  give  a  little  of  it 
in  the  seventh  and  eighth  grades, 

its 

for 

through 

table.  He 

If  manual 

finish  and  polish 

the  original  design 

the  boy,  or  girl,  is 

All  of  this  is  useful  as  a  part  of 
education  ;  but  it  has  not  yet  been 
developed  as  it  will  be  in  the  future, 
thoroughly 
neither  is  its  full  value 
understood. 
training 
to 
work 
reach  its  full  value  in  the  develop 
ment  of  the  mind  and  in  the  increase 
of  knowledge, it  must  start  with  the 
design  of  something,  no  matter  how 
the 
simple,  and  proceed 
several  steps  until  the  finished  pro 
duct  is  reached.  Suppose,  for 
in 
stance,  that  a  boy  wishes  to  make  a 
simple 
first  makes  a 
in 
rough  sketch  of  what  he  has 
mind.  If  possible, this rough  sketch 
should  embody  something  original, 
something 
least,  has 
that  he,  at 
never  seen  before.  He  should  then 
make,  with  his, instruments, a  work 
ing  drawing  of  the  table, in  plan  and 
section  according 
to  exact  dimen 
sions,  so  that  it  would  be  possible 
for  any  cabinet  maker,  or  carpenter' 
to  construct  it.  T h en  the boy  should 
that 
decide  upon  the  kind  of  wood 
is  to  be  used  and  should  make 
the 
table  itself  in  all  of  its  parts.  Final 
ly,  he  should 
it. 
In  this  process,  which  is  carried  out 
in  full  in  very  few  places,  all  of  the 
work,  from 
to 
the  finished  product,  is  done  by  the 
student.  He  has 
learned  how  all 
objects,  which  are  made  by  man, 
are  brought 
into  being.  He  sees 
that,  first  of  all,  there  must  be  the 
imagination,  which  conceives 
the 
object  before  it  has  existed 
in  any 
form,  and  he  learns  that  he  may  use 
his  imagination  in  a.  profitable  way 
— if  it is directed  toward  some  w o rk 
which  can  be  carried  o u t;  but  he 
imaginative 
also 
that 
re 
faculty  must  be  curbed  and 
strained  by  processes  which  come 
later  in  the  development  of  any  pro 
ject. 
In  the  first  flush  of  his  imagi 
nation,  he  makes  a  rough  sketch  of 
something  which  he  wishes  to  man 
ufacture,  but  finds  that  this  is  not 
sufficient; 
t'> 
it 
make  an  exact  drawing  before  any 
thing  further  can  be done.  He  also 
learns  that  this  drawing  defines  the 
complete  object  and 
it  deter 
mines  whether  the  thing  under  con 
sideration  can  be made.  For,  if  the 
drawing  is  accurate  and  if  the  object 
can  be  placed  upon  paper  in  various 
forms  and  positions,  it  can  be  con 
In  mak 
structed  by  the  mechanic. 
ing  the  drawing,  the  student 
learns 
the  elements  of  projection  and  of 
perspective,  as  well  as  the  processes 
used  by  the  draftsman.  T he  next 
step,  which  he  takes  up,  that  is  the 
process  of  manufacture,  requires  of 
him,  first  of  all  a  decision  as  to  the 
kind  of  wood  that  he  will  use.  T he 
complete  course  in  manual  training-
gives  him  a  knowledge  of  the  differ 
ent  kinds  of  w o o d;  where 
they 
g r ow  ;  the  time  of  growth  and  the 
w ay  in  which  they  should  be  cut; 
the  method  of  sawing  to  bring  out 
certain  results;  the  adaptability  of 
one  kind  of wood for one  purpose,and 
of  another  kind  for  another purpose  ; 
and  so  on, until  he  is  thoroughly  in 
formed  about  this  sort  of  material. 
He  forms  the  object,  and  so  learns 
to  use  tools.  He  learns  that  the  eye 
and  hand  must  w o rk  together  ;  that 
he  can  acquire  skill  with  the  latter, 
to 
but  only  when  it  is  subordinated 

is  necessary 

learns 

that 

this 

for 

In 

the  former. 
finishing  and  pol 
ishing  the  table,  he  will  be  taught, 
of  course,  the  various  methods  of 
treating  wood  for  their  preservation 
and  so  as  to  bring  out  their  beauty.. 
T he  w o rk  for  girls  is  similar,  but 
has to do with  occupations  which  be 
long  to women.  Multiply  the  men 
tal  and  industrial  training  obtained 
in  carrying  out  a  process  like  this 
by  a hundred  or  more,  and  the  bene 
fits  loom  large  in  educational  results. 
Many  men,  who  have  not  received 
industrial  education,  have  very 
an 
little conception  of  the  different  pro 
cesses  which  must  be  gone  through 
with  before 
simplest  object 
which  they  use,  or  which  other  peo 
ple  use,  is  finished.  T h ev  are  ab 
solutely  ignorant  that  the  different 
processes  just  mentioned,  from 
the 
original  concept  to  the  final  coat  of 
varnish,  are  performed;  and 
they 
do  not  know  how  much  of  imagina 
tion,  and  knowlege,  and  -skill  are 
necessary  to  produce  a useful  or  an 
artistic  object. 

the 

the 

through 

training, 

tools  has 

T he  student,  who, 

a 
course  of  manual 
learns 
these  things,  has  not  only  received 
useful  knowledge,  which  will  be  of 
benefit  to  him  during  his  entire  life, 
but  he  has  become  impressed  with 
the  dignity  of  labor,  with  the  belief 
that  it  is  as  honorable  for  a  man  to 
work  with  his  hands  as 
to  work 
with  his  brain  :  that  the  man  who 
works  with 
same 
thoughts  and  feelings  that  he  has ; 
that  he  has  the  same  hopes  and  fears, 
and,  within  certain  limits,  the  same 
ambition.  W h en  manual 
training 
work  is  required  in  all  schools,  the 
great  gulf  which  now  exists  between 
the  college  graduate  of  wealth  and 
social  position  and 
the  mechanic, 
to  be  a  wage-earner 
who  began 
when  he  ought 
in 
to  have  been 
school,  will  be,  in  part  bridged  over, 
and  we  shall  not  hear  as  much  as  we 
do  now  about  the  different  classes  of 
society  and 
that 
exists  between  them. 

the  antagonism 

Some  of 

this  manual 

training 

life.  A 

educational 

to  fit  bovs 

work  should  be  done  in  the  gram 
mar  grades  and  is  done  there  now, 
for  it  is  advantageous  to  have  a  boy 
to  use  his  hands  as  early  as 
learn 
in 
possible;  but  in  the  developed 
I  am 
dustrial  education,  of  which 
speaking,  there  will  he  more 
than 
this. 
In  some  of  our  cities,  we  now 
have  manual  training  high  schools, 
In  many 
or  technical  high  schools. 
instances,  thev  are  ordinary  high 
schools  with  some  manual  training 
added  ; 
in  other  places,  they  are 
totally  different.  Cleveland,  for  in 
stance,  has  a  technical  high  school 
which  is  intended 
for 
few  years 
manufacturing 
ago,  an 
commission, 
made  up  of  twelve  citizens  of  Cleve 
the  Board 
land,  Was  appointed  by 
of  Education  to  study  the  complete 
the 
system  of  education 
city. 
T h is 
recommended, 
among  other  things,  that  a  manual 
training  high  school  be  established. 
T h ev  said,  in  effect,  that  there  were 
six  high  schools  in  the  city  giving 
the  ordinary  courses  which  were 
supposed  to  be  broad  enough  to  pre 
pare  a,  student  for  his  life  work,  or 
to  fit  him  for  college,  but  that  all 
the  high  schools  were  of  one  kind 
and  were  doing  the  same  grade  of 
work  ;  it  seemed  desirable  that,  in  a 
there 
great  manufacturing 
should  be  one  high  school  which 
would  fit  bovs  for  the  manufactur 
ing  life  of  the  city.  By  this,  it  was 
that  trades  were  to  be 
not  meant 
there  would  be 
taught,  but 
combined  with  a  rational  course  of 

commission 

city, 

that 

in 

to 

to 

in 

the 

taught 

is  given 

study,  a  large  amount  of  manual 
training  work.  Soon  after  the  re 
port  of  the  commission  was  made, 
the  Board  of  Education  voted 
to 
adopt  the  plan  for  such  a  school 
and  bonds  were  issued  for  the  erec 
tion  and  equipment  of  the  building. 
ready 
Last  fall,  the  building"  was 
for  use.  Mathematics,  English  and 
science  are  taught 
to  all  students. 
T he  ancient  languages,  botany,  zo 
ology,  astronomy,  psychology,  and 
a  number  of  other  subjects,  which 
the  ordinary  high 
are 
schools,  are  omitted.  One-half  of 
recitations 
each  day 
and  one-half  of  each  day 
to  prac 
tical  work  in  laboratories,  drawing 
rooms  or  shops.  A  good  course  in 
mechanical  drawing 
is  given,  fol 
lowed  by, or  coincident  with,  courses 
in  joinery,  pattern  making,  forging, 
foundry  w o rk  and  machine 
shop 
practice.  During  the  senior  year,  a 
in  any  one  of 
boy  may  specialize 
these 
the 
subjects,  according 
work  which  he  wishes  to  take  up 
after  graduation.  T he  school  does 
It  is  possible, 
not  fit  for  college. 
by  making 
to 
selections, 
certain 
prepare  for  a  technical  school  ;  but 
it  is  expected  that  a  large  majority 
of  the  bovs  will  go  from 
the  high 
school  to  manufacturing  positions. 
is  a  separate  but  similar 
T h e re 
course  for  girls. 
practical 
T he 
work  for  them  consists  of  cooking, 
dressmaking,  millinery,  household 
economics,  decorative  art  work,  etc. 
So  far  as  I  know,  this  kind  of  a 
It 
technical  high  school  is  unique. 
has  been  recognized  for 
first 
time,  I  believe, that  it  is  not  neces 
sary  to  have  all  high  school  courses 
alike;  that  the  - h i gh  school  course*1 
is  not  a  sacred  patented  article-  that 
is  fixed  and  immutable,  but  that 
it 
can  be  changed 
to  suit  conditions 
and  necessities.  T he  majority  of 
the  committee,  which  originally  laid 
out 
this 
school.were  manufacturers,  and  they 
studied  this  problem  as  they "would 
study  any  problem  connected  with 
their  business. 
the 
business  and  professional  men  of 
this  country  gave  some  though) 
to 
educational  affairs.  We  are  accus 
things  to  the 
tomed  to  leave 
educator—just  as  we 
legal 
matters  to  the  lawyers.  T he  edu 
cator  knows  the  technique  of  his 
the 
profession; 
he 
impart 
theory  of  education,  how  to 
knowlege  in  a  given  Subject, and  its 
bearing upon  other  subjects;  but,  as 
an  educator  of  many  years'  experi 
ence  (for  1 have  held  a  college  chair 
for  a 
long  enough 
retiring  allowance"),  1 
'•Carnegie 
intelligent 
wish 
citizen  has  a  right 
the 
things  that  should  be  taught,  and, 
moreover.it 
to  do  so. 
If,  in  the  development  of  our  civil 
ization,  it  has  become  necessary  for 
every  person  to  have  some  under 
standing  of  industrial  processes  and 
methods,  the  man  to  first  perceive  it 
should  be  he  w ho  is  using  industrial 
processes  and  methods  in  his  own 
business,  and  he  should  not  hesitate 
to  express  his  opinion  and  to  urge 
upon  educators  and  upon  boards  of 
education, the  necessity  for  adopting 
these  modern  ideas  into  our  school 
system. 

the  course  of  study 

to  say  that  every 

It  is  time  that 

to  be  eligible 

understands 

is  his  duty 

to  discuss 

these 

leave 

for 

.  Industrial  education,  in  its  broad 
est  sense,  includes  agricultural  edu 
cation. 
length 
I  have  spoken  at 
in  regard 
to  manual  training  and 
industrial  high  schools  because  I  am 
more  familiar  with  them  than  I  am 
with  the  development  in  agricultur 
latter 
al  training,  but  I  regard  the 

6 

as important  as the  former.  The  soil is 
one  of 
the  natural  resources  of  the 
It  cannot  be  destroyed  or 
country. 
completely  used  up  as  can  the  forests 
and  the  coal,  but  may  become  so  ex 
hausted as  to  be  nearly  useless  for  ag 
ricultural  purposes.  "We  are  a  great 
manufacturing  nation,  but  we are  a  still 
greater agricultural nation, andif  we are 
to furnish  food  for  our  population  and 
send  our  grain and cotton  to the  nations 
which  need  them,  we  must  learn  a les 
son  from  the  past  and  take  the  neces 
sary  steps to preserve the fertility  of  our 
soil.  Under  the  agricultural  methods 
in  use  at the present time, some  sections 
of  our  country  produce  only  a  half  or 
third  as  much  as  formerly,  and  other 
sections are  almost worthless.  Under  a 
rational  and  scientific  system  of  agri 
culture  their  fertility  would  have  re 
mained  unimpaired. 

long  retain  their 

It  was formerly  thought  that  anybody 
could  become  a  farmer. 
If  a  boy  had 
not  brains  enough  to  be  a  professional 
or  a  business  man,  it  was  thought  he 
could  go  on to  a farm  where  all  he  had 
to  do was to  plant the  seed  at the proper 
time  and  gather  his  harvest  in  the 
course  of  events.  This  practice  might 
answer  for  a  number  of  years  on  the 
virgin  soil  of  a  river  bottom,  but  most 
fer 
soils  will  not 
tility  if  the  crops  raised  upon  them  are 
sold to  distant  markets  and  the  soluble 
organic  and  inorganic  substances  taken 
from  the  soil are  not  replaced.  A  farm 
er may learn many  things by experience, 
but,  as  a  rule,  he  does  not  understand 
very much  about  agricultural  chemistry 
and  botany  and  biology  unless 
they 
have  been  taught  him  in  some  kind  of 
a  school.  During  the  past  few  decades 
we  have  been  slowly  coming  to  the  con 
clusion  that  the  farmer  must  be  edu 
cated  in  agriculture  if  he  is  to  be  suc 
cessful.  That  this  has  been  the  conclu 
sion  is  evidenced  by  the  fact  that  dur 
ing 
the  past  twenty  years,  fifty-five 
agricultural  high  schools  have  been es 
tablished  and  sixteen  private  colleges 
and  schools have  begun  to  give  instruc 
tion  in  agriculture.  Over  a  hundred 
state  and  county  normal  schools  among 
which  are  several  in  Michigan  are doing 
more or  less to train teachers in  agricul 
ture,  and  several  hundred  public  and 
private  schools  of  various  grades  give 
more  or  less  instruction  in  this  impor 
tant  branch. 
I  do  not  mention  the 
agricultural  colleges  for  they  are  insti. 
tutions  of  higher  education  and  should 
professional 
be  classed  with  other 

-lis. 

It  would  be too much of  a  task to enu 
merate  all  that  has  been  done  to  teach 
elementary  agriculture  in  this  country. 
I  shall  therefore  mention  only  a-few 
instances.  Alabama  was,  I believe, the 
first  state  to  establish  an  agricultural 
school in  each  congressional  district.  It 
now  lias nine such schools.  Georgia  has 
eleven  congressional  district  agricul 
tural  schools,  all  of  them  very  fully 
equipped  with  buildings and  apparatus. 
Wisconsin  was  the  first  state  to estab 
lish  count}-  agricultural  high  schools. 
and  her  example  has now  been  followed 
by many  other  states.  Michigan  organ 
ized  its  first  county  school  of  agricul 
ture  and  domestic  economy  at  Menomi 
nee  in  1907.  California  has  recently 
established  a polytechnic  school  where 
boys and  girls  are given  "a  training  in 
the  arts  and  sciences  which  deal  pe 
culiarly  with  country  life—the  life of 
the  home,  the  farm,  the  orchard,  the 
dairy  and  the  shop."  Agriculture,  do 
mestic science and mechanics  are there 
fore  important  parts  of  the  course of 
study. 

The  Massachusetts  Commission  of  In 
dustrial  Education has included  agricul 
ture  among the  subjects  to  be taught  in 
the  schools  which  it  establishes.  At 

T he  M.  A.  C.  RECORD. 

Northampton  a  school  has  been  opened 
by  this  commission,  which  will  give  a 
four  years'  course  in  agriculture,  me 
chanical  work  and  domestic  science. 
The curriculum will include soils, plants, 
animal  husbandry,  rural  architecture, 
blacksmithing,  carpentry  and  mechani 
cal  drawing  for  boys;  and  cooking, 
laundrying,  sewing,  floriculture,  home 
management  and  decoration  for  girls. 
In  the limited  time  at  my  disposal  it  is 
impossible to  speak  of  the  short  courses 
at  the  agricultural  colleges,  of  the  uni 
versity  extension  work  in  agriculture, 
and  many  other  methods  whieh  are  be 
ing  used  to  give  trade  instruction  in 
agriculture  to  those  who  intend  to  be 
come farmers,  but who are unable  to se 
cure  the  complete  course  given  in  an 
agricultural  college. 

This  is  not  merely  an  educational 
question,  it  affects  not  only  the  child, 
Industrial education  is 
but  the  nation. 
only  a  part  of  vocational  training,  and 
this  opens up  a wide  and  fertile  field  of 
inquiry.  Eighty-five  per  cent,  of  the 
children,  who  enter  the  schools,  never 
get  beyond  the  grammar  grades;  about 
sixty-five  per  cent,  never  go beyond  the 
sixth  grade;  the  majority  of these go to 
work  picking  up  whatever  they  can 
find  to  do.  Some of  them learn  a trade, 
but  many  of  them  are  unskilled,  and 
remain  so throughout  their  entire  lives. 
If  some  system  of  vocational  training 
can  be  inaugurated,  which  will  make 
the  man  who now earns a dollar and one-
half  a  daj',  worth  three  dollars  a day,  it 
will  produce  a  vast 
increase  in.the 
wealth  of  the  nation.  There  is  not  a 
in  the  land  who  would 
manufacturer 
not  rather  have  a 
three-dollar-a-day 
man  than  a two-dollar-a-day  man.  The 
former  will  turn  out  more  and  better 
work  than  the  latter  and  will  make  less 
trouble.  There  is  always  work  for  the 
skilled  mechanic,  because  he  is the  bet 
ter  producer.  The  question  of  training 
the  workers of the future  is an  economic 
question,  and  it  must  be  faced  by  the 
manufacturers  and  business  men  as 
such. 

But  this is not  the  only question.  Our 
privately  endowed  institutions of  learn 
ing,  and  our  state  universities,  provide 
thorough  courses  of  study  for  the  boys 
who  come  from  wealthy  or  well-to  do 
families.  Through  publico! private aid 
these  receive  an  education  in  the  pro 
fession  which  they  intend 
to  follow. 
Their  fathers,  even  though  possessed of 
ample  means,  do  not  pay  the  bills,  for 
nowhere  in  this  country  does  the  stu 
dent  pay  to  the  college  more  than  one-
third  of  what  it  costs  to  educate  him. 
He  is.  therefore,  the  recipient  of  the 
bounty  of  some  one  during  his  educa 
tional  life.  But  the  poor  boy—the  boy 
who  must  work  for  his  living—whose 
people  are  not  able  to  pay  even  one-
third  of  the  expense  of  educating  him, 
is turned  out  into  the  world  at  an  early 
age  uneducated  to make  his own  living, 
because  no  one  has  thought  it  worth 
while  to  train  him. 
I  have  spoken  of 
the  economic  value  of  industrial  and 
vocational 
training,  but  I  believe  in 
mankind  more  than  I do  in  economics, 
and  so  I  say  that  industrial  and  voca 
tional  training  must  come  for  the  sake 
of  the  boy;  that  he  lias  a  right  to  de 
mand,  and  some  day  will  demand  in 
tones  which  cannot  be ignored,  that  so 
ciety  give  him  a training  which  will  tit 
him  to  do  something  whereby  he  can 
make,  not  only  an  honest,  but  a  sub 
stantial  living.  The  system  of  indus 
trial  and  vocational  training,  which  I 
believe  in,  and  which  I  am  now  advo 
cating,  looks forward  to such  results. 

This  new  education,  broadly  called 
industrial,  may  be  divided 
two 
parts:  That  which  is  connected  with 
the  ordinary  school 
life,  which  we 
generally call industrial, and  that  which 

into 

In 

labor. 

comes later  and  which  should  perhaps 
be  designated  as  vocational.  Some  of 
the features of  the former  I have already 
touched  upon.  For  the  boy  who  leaves 
school  when  he  is  fourteen,  whether 
graduated  from  the  grammar  school  or 
not,  there  should  be furnished  schools, 
probably  night  schools,  similar  to  the 
continuation schools of Germany.  These 
should  give  the  boy elementary  instruc 
tion  in  the  various  trades, at  the  same 
time  teaching  him  practical  mathemat 
ics,  language  work  and  some  elemen 
tary science.  He  might  take  the  work 
in  these  schools  while  he  was  serv 
ing  as an  apprentice  or  while  he  was 
working  at  unskilled 
the 
course  of  two  or  three  years,  the  boy 
would  learn  enough  to  fit  himself  for  a 
higher  grade  of  work.  He  would  no 
longer  belong  to  the  absolutely  un 
skilled class,  although  he would  not  be 
In  Ger 
a  journeyman  in  any  trade. 
many,  these  continuation  schools  are 
compulsory. 
In  this  country,  we  have 
a  few  of them,  but  they  do not  bear  this 
name.  The various Y. M..C. A. courses, 
the  night courses of  the  Industrial  Coin- -
mission  of  Massachusetts,  of  mechanics 
institutes  and  other  organizations,  are  • 
striving  to fill the  place  of  the  required 
school  abroad.  And 
these  schools  of 
ours  are  doing  splendid  work  as far  as 
they  go.  Great  credit  should  be  given 
to  the men  who  have  furnished  money 
for  and  those  who  are  devoting  their 
time  to  this  kind  of  work.  But  these 
schools  have  only  touched the  outskirts 
of  the  problem.  The  thousands  of  boys 
in  every  city  not  attending  school, 
many  of  whom  are  not  working,  or if 
they  work  during  the  day  are  turned 
loose  at  night—boys  who  are  making 
almost  no  progress  in  educational  or 
trade  development  and  who  in  many 
cases are learning more evil than  good:— 
may  become  a  serious  menace  to  our 
country, and  certainly are  not  lifting  it 
to any higher plane of  citizenship.  I am 
sure  that  every  one  present  recognizes 
the  truth of  what I say and  believes that 
an  education,  which  would  fit  these 
boys for  something  better  vocationally, 
would  not only  be of  great  advantage  to 
them,  but  to  the  community  in  which 
they  live.  The  remedy  for  this  idle 
ness,  this  lack  of  training,  these  ineorn-
petent,  unskilled  men, lies  in  vocational 
education  and  it  must  be promoted  by 
the  educated  classes.  One of  the  first 
duties  of  a  community  is  to  see  that 
every  boy  has  a  Chance  to  earn  an 
honest  living. 
If  you  determine  that 
the  boys,  who  are  growing  up  to  man 
hood,  shall  be  taught  something  use 
ful—something  which  will enable  them 
to come up to a higher standard of  living 
and  create  a  greater  amount  of  wealth 
for  your  city  and  your  state,  as  well  as 
for  themselves—you  can  see  that it  is 
done. 
I  believe  that  the  remedy  not 
only lies with educated men and  women, 
but  that  one of  the  greatest  duties  be 
fore  them  is  to  see  that  this  work  is 
done.  Men,  who  occupy  the  highest 
positions in manufacturing  and  business 
affairs,  have deep  civic  responsibilities 
as  well,  and  they  are  beginning  to re 
cognize  these  responsibilities  and  to as 
sume  them. 
It  means  some  labor;  it 
means  some  trouble;  occasionally,  it 
means some  money;  hut  when  the  civic 
conscience is awakened  these  individual 
sacrifices  for  something  which  will be 
of  great  benefit .to the  community  will 
seem small. 

then  manual 

Industrial  education  in  the  restricted 
is  frequently  used 
sense  in  which  it 
means 
training  in  the 
grammar  schools,  manual  training  in 
the  high  schools,  manual  training  in 
the  evening  or  continuation  schools. 
Industrial  training  in  its broadest  sense 
includes,  also, vocational  training  or in 
in  the  trades.  Many  years 
struction 

ago,  boys were  apprenticed  for  a  term 
of  years to  learn  a trade.  Probably  this 
system  of  instruction-originated  in  the 
guilds  of  Germany  and  of  England, 
where all  those  of  one  craft  formed  an 
association  and  determined  the  condi 
tions  upon  which  any  man  should  be 
admitted  to  its  practice.  Apprentices 
were  bound  for  a  term  of  years  to  a 
master,  who  taught  them,  in  time,  all 
that  he  knew.  This  system  continued 
for  many  hundreds  of  years,  but  the 
division  of  labor  and  the  introduction 
of  machinery  materially  changed  it. 
Owing to  these  causes,  the  apprentice 
ship  system  is  entirely  different 
from 
what  it  formerly  was.  Then,  each  man 
learned  the  whole  of  his trade  and  be 
came,  so  far  as  his  own  qualifications 
allowed,  a  skilled  journeyman,  capable 
of  doing  every  part  of  his  trade,  and 
doing  it  well.  Today  a  boy  enters  a 
shop,  is taught  to  use one  machine  and 
never  learns any other.  It  is  considered 
cheaper  and  more  economical  to  keep 
him  at  the  thing  he, has  thoroughly 
learned  than  to  give  him  any  instruc 
If  the  work  for 
tion  along other  lines. 
the  particular  machine  with  which  he 
is familiar  gives out,  he is out  of  a  job, 
although there  may be a scarcity  of  men 
for  other  classes  of  work  in  the  same 
factory.  Knowing  but  one  part  of  a 
trade,  he  has  little appreciation  of,  and 
takes  little  interest  in,  the  other  parts. 
He  has  become  a  machine  and,  like  a 
machine,  he stops promptly at  the blow 
ing  of  the  whistle,  stands idle so.far  as 
production  is  concerned  until  time  to 
begin  work the  next  morning, and  takes 
no interest  in  what  the establishment  is 
trying  to  do.  There are some  all  round 
skilled  mechanics  in  the  country,  but 
very  many  of  these  were 
trained  in 
Germany.  The  American  method  is 
turning  out  very  few  of  them  at  the 
present  time. 

Most  manufacturing  establishments 
have  no  apprenticeship  system.  A  few 
years ago I  wrote  to four  hundred  man 
ufacturers  in  the  State  of  Ohio,  asking 
them  for  certain  details  in  regard  to 
such  a  system.  Only  fifty-seven  had 
any  at  all  and  nearly  aft "of  these  were 
very  incomplete.  One  firm  only  out of 
the  four  hundred  answered  that 
they 
turned  out  by  their  system  first-class, 
all-round  mechanics.  Some of  the large 
companies 
like  the  General  Electric, 
the  YVestinghouse,  the  New  York  Cent 
ral,  and the Allis-Chalmers have  worked 
out  apprenticeship  systems  by  which 
they  train  men  in  a  very  thorough  way 
for 
their  own  work.  They  have  ap 
prenticeship  schools,  and  the  boy  who 
enters  one  of  these 
schools  is  given 
some book instruction  in practical  arith-
metic,  etc.  Then  he  is taught  the  vari-
,ous  branches  of a trade  so.that he  is  able 
to  take  hold  of  any  part  of  it  when  he 
becomes a  journeyman.  These  svstems 
are  most  efficient  and  most  thorough. 
The  best  place  to  train  a  boy for  any-
trade  is in  the  shop  where that  trade  is 
being pursued  by experienced  workmen, 
provided  the  manager  of  the  shop is  in 
thorough sympathy  with  the system  and 
gives  adequate  instruction  to  the  ap 
prentices. 
If,  however,  it  is  the  policy 
of  the  company  to  require  apprentices 
to  take  part  in  the  work  of  the  shop 
with  the  sole  idea  of  getting  as  much 
put  of  them  as possible from  day to  day, 
without  any.regard  to  their  develop 
ment  or the  training  of  skilled  mechan 
ics  for  the  future,  the  apprenticeship 
system  will  be  a  failure.  Many  manu 
facturers  are  broad  enough  to  look  be 
yond  the  present  day  to the  next  year, 
or  to  the  next  decade,  and  these  men 
will  see that  the  apprenticeship  system 
is  maintained.  Again,  it  is  necessary 
that  the  foreman  who  instructs  the  ap 
prentices  should  not.  be  so  driven  with 
the  routine  of  his work  that  he  cannot 

T he  M.  A.  C.  RECORD. 

7 

give  them  -any  attention.  During  the 
time  which  the  foreman  gives  to  the 
apprentices  lie  is  the  teacher  and  the 
apprentices  are  in  a  school,  but  if  he 
neglects  his work  with  them  on  account 
of  other  and  more  pressing  duties,  the 
school  feature  is  entirely  lost  sight  of 
and  the  apprentice  sinks  to  the  same 
level  as the  man  who learns  to handle  a 
single  machine  only..  At  its  best,  the 
apprenticeship  system  is  the  true  way 
to  teach  the  workman  of  the  future  ;  at 
its  worst,  it  is  not  an  apprenticeship 
system  at  all.  There  is  no  reason  why 
an  apprenticeship  system  should  not  be 
developed 
If  the 
in  every  factory. 
manufacturers  were  willing  to  consider 
the  interests  of  the  boys as well  as  their 
own  interests,  they  would  see that  this 
was  done  even  if  it  did  involve  consid 
erable  trouble  and  some  expense;  but 
until  the  manufacturer  realizes  that  we 
are  training  the  workmen  of  the  future, 
and  that  unless  something  is  done  to 
change  present  conditions  we  shall  con 
tinue 
to  obtain  many  of  our  skilled 
mechanics  from  Germany,  the  present 
system  will  continue. 

This  is a  great  manufacturing  coun 
try,  endowed  by  nature  with  the  raw 
materials  for  agriculture,  mining  and 
manufacturing.  We  have  built  up  a 
material  prosperity  which  is  the  sur 
prise  and  wonder  of  the  world.  Our 
natural  resources  are  so  great  that  we 
have  not  considered  their  economical 
use because the question of their exhaus 
tion  has seemed  to  be'a  long  way  in  the 
future.  There  has  been  so much  to  do 
that  we have  had  work  for  every  man, 
and  on  account  of  immigration  and  the 
old  system  of  training  apprentices,  we . 
have  been  able  to  keep  a great  many 
skilled  mechanics  in  our  shops;  but  the 
time  has  come  when  we  can.look  for 
ward  to  the  exhaustion  of  our  natural 
resources;  when we  can  see a dearth  of 
skilled  workmen,  and  if  we are  to main 
tain  the  high  standing  which  has  been 
and  is,  to  a  certain  extent,  ours,  we 
must  change  our  methods  in  regard  to 
these  two  matters. 
If  the  manufact 
urers will  not  train skilled workmen  and 
the  necessity  for  them  still  exists,  we 
must  find  some  Other  method.  The 
method,  which  is foremost  in the  minds 
of  many  who  have.studied  the  problem, 
is  the  establishment  of  trade  schools or 
vocational  schools.  Certain  states  of 
the  Union,  have  enacted 
legislation 
which  permits  boards  of  education,  or 
other  boards  especially  appointed,  to 
establish  trade  and  vocational  schools, 
either  with  or  without  public  aid,  and 
other  states will  undoubtedly  follow un 
til  every  section  of  the  country  has  the 
right  to  maintain  schools  of  this  kind. 
There  are  some  who  doubt  that  a  trade 
can  be taught  in  a school;  they say  that 
in  order  to  teach  a  trade  it -is necessary 
to  have  a  boy  under  shop  conditions; 
that  he  must  work  with  experienced 
workmen:  that  he  must work  on  actual 
commercial work;  that  he must  learn  to 
come  up  to  the  manufacturer's  stand 
ard;  and  that  these  conditions  cannot 
be  obtained  in  a school.  These  manu 
facturers  say  that  in  a trade  school  the 
boy  learns,  of  course,  how  to  handle 
tools sO that  when  he  goes  into a  shop 
his term  of apprenticeship may be some 
what  shorter, but  they claim  that  a year 
or  any  other  period  in  a  shop  is  very 
much  better  for  an  apprentice  than  the 
same  time  in  a  school.  The  laboring 
men  also seem  to  think  it  is  impossible 
to  teach  a  trade  in  a  school.  Hence, 
they  look  with  some  suspicion  upon  a 
movement  to establish  trade  schools  in 
connection  with  the  public  school  sys 
tem.  The  experience  of  certain  trade 
schools,  which  have  been  in  existence 
for  a  number  of  years,  would  seem  to 
show,  however,  that  it  is  possible  to 
teach  trades  in  this way.  The William 

son  Trade  School, the  Winona  Institute, 
and  the  Trade  School of  Milwaukee  are 
all,  as  I  understand  it, turning  out jour 
neymen.  Many,  if  not  all  of  their  stu 
dents,  receive  the  pay of journeymen  as 
soon  as they  graduate. 

Perhaps  the  attitude  of  the  manu 
facturer  is  not  strange  because  he  is 
talking  about  a school as he  understands 
a  school;  that  is  to  say  a  school  room 
with  about  forty  school  desks  and  a 
school  ma'am  who  hears  recitations 
learned  from  books;  but  it  is  needless 
to say  that  this is nbt the  kind  of school 
we have  in  mind.  We are giving  a new-
meaning  to  the  word  school;  we  are 
creating  something  which  never existed 
before.  We  call  it  a  school  because  its 
primary  objects  is  to  teach,  but  prob1 
ably  the  manufacturer  who  happened 
to  wander  into  it,  without  knowing 
what  it  was,  would  think  it  a  shop. 
For  instance,  the  school  for  machinists 
will  be  in. a  building  which  in  every 
way resembles  a shop. 
It  will  have  the 
same  kind  of  machines  that  are  found 
in  a  shop  and  they  will he  as  modern 
It  will  manufacture 
and  complete. 
certain  articles  just  as  the  shop  does, 
and  the  teacher will  be a  first-class  fore 
man  from  a  machine  shop whom  the 
school  has  secured  because  it  will  pay 
him  more  than  the  manufacturer  will. 
As the school will have the same machin 
ery,  the  same kind  of  a teacher  and  will 
do the  same  class of  work  as the  shop,  I 
can  see  no  reason  why  it  cannot  turn 
out  the  same  kind  of  journeymen. 
In 
the  shop,  the  principal  object  of  the 
foreman  is  to  get  out  the  work.  He 
teaches  the  apprentices  in  his  leisure 
time. 
In  the  trade  school,  the  foreman 
will  give all of  his time  to  teaching,  and 
.  it  is evident  that  the apprentices  will be 
better  trained  than  they  would  be  in  a 
factory. 
It  is also  evident  that,  if  they 
give  their  whole  time  to  learning  and 
not  to  the  problem  of  making  money 
to 
for  the  manufacturer,  they  ought 
learn  their  trade  in  a  shorter  time  than 
in  a  factory. 
If  the product which  they 
make  is  to  be  sold,  it  must  reach  the 
same standard  in  value  as  that,  turned 
I  do  not  believe  the 
out  of  the  shop. 
amount  manufactured  in  such  a  school 
will  ever  be so  great  as  to  seriously  in 
terfere with the sales from regular  facto 
ries,  but  the  standard  thus set  up  would 
establish  a quality which is necessary  for 

. the.proper  training  of  a  student. 

This,  then,  is  my  idea  of  a  trade 
school.  Perhaps  it  would  be  more  ac 
curate  to say that  it  is a factory  school 
or  an  apprenticeship  shop.  At  any rate 
it  is doing  the  same kind  of  work  as  the 
shop, but  its  prime  object  is  to  teach  a 
trade. 

The  trade  school,  if  properly  con 
ducted,  would  give a  broader and  better 
education  in  the trade  than is ordinarily 
obtained  by the  apprentice.  As a  usual 
thing,  the  apprentice  in  the  machine 
shop  learns  how  to  use the machinery of 
that  shop,  but  nothing  more. 
I  am  not 
speaking  now,  of  course,  of  the  best  ap 
prenticeship  schools  in  large  establish 
ments,  like  the  General  Electric  Com 
pany,  but  of  the  ordinary  apprentice 
ship course  in  a moderate  sized  factory. 
The trade  school, if  properly  conducted, 
would  give  a  student  much  more  than 
It  would 
the  mere  work  of  his  trade. 
learned 
that  every  apprentice 
see 
enough  of  drawing  so that  he could  eas 
ily  read  drawings  and  so  that  he. could 
place upon  paper, in  an  intelligent  way, 
any  ideas of  his own  in  regard  to  ma 
If  he wanted  to learn  the  ma^ 
chinery. 
chinist's  trade,  he  would  be given  a  lit 
tle  joinery  and  pattern  making,  some 
work in  the  foundry,  some work  in  the 
forge  shop—not  with  the  idea  that  he 
would  ever  become  a  workman  along 
any of  these  lines, but  because  he would 
be  a  more  intelligent  mechanic  if  he 

knew  and  understood,  to  a  certain  ex 
tent  the  operations  of  other  depart 
ments  of  the  factory  in  which  he  was 
engaged,  and  because  knowledge  and 
skill  in  one direction  would  be  helpful 
to  him  in  every  other  direction. 
Infor 
mation along  the lines  I have mentioned 
would  be of  great  assistance  to  a  man 
who had  the  natural  ability  to  become 
a foreman  or  assistant  superintendent.. 
Then,  again, 
the  student  would  be 
taught  the  finer  parts  of  machine  work 
which  the  average  machinist  does  not 
learn;  in  some cases,  because  he is  not 
capable,  but  in  the  majority  of  cases, 
because  he  has  never  been  taught. 
If 
he  works  in  a  shop  where  the  coarser 
kind  of  machines  are  turned  out  and 
where  none  of  the  fine  details  of  his 
trade  are  necessary,  he  does  not  have 
occasion  to  learn  them. 
If  he  is,  at 
any  time,  thrown  out  of  a  job.  and  it 
becomes  necessary  to  seek  a  new  one, 
he  is  limited  entirely  to  the  class  of 
work  which  he  has  formerly  done. 
In 
the  highest  sense  of  the  word  he  is  not 
a skilled  mechanic.  The same would  be 
true  of  every  other  trade.  The  major 
ity  of  men  working  as  bricklayers,  as 
printers,  as  pattern  makers,  as  plumb 
ers, are  not  skilled  in all  the  parts of  the 
trade  which  they  profess  to  follow. 
If 
you  have work to  be done in one of  these 
lines,  you will  find  that  the  foreman,  or 
superintendent,  gives  the  finer  parts of 
tliis  work  to  one or  two  men  in  the  es 
tablishment,  because  they  are  the  only 
ones who  can  properly do it.  The  trade 
school  would  teach  the  finer  parts  as 
well  as the  coarser  parts  of  the  trade  to 
each  student.  This would  place him  on 
a higher  level  than  the  ordinary  work 
man ; as a rule,  it  would  secure  for  him 
better  wages  than  the  ordinary  work 
man  receives,  and  it  would  give  him  a 
greater  respect  and  liking  for  his  trade. 

Many  workmen  follow  their  trades 
simply  for  the  purpose  of  earning  a liv 
ing,  not  because  they  have any  vital  in 
terest  in  the  work  that  is done. 
I  thor 
oughly  believe this statement  to be true, 
but  I also believe  it  is true  only of  those 
workmen  who  do  not  know  the  finer 
parts  of  their  trade.  As  a  rule  every 
man  likes the  thing  which  he  thorough 
ly understands and  can  do well, ami  the 
artisan  who knows  the  fine  parts  of  his 
trade  is  proud  of  this  knowledge  and 
proud  of  the  work  that  he. is  capable of 
doing.  He  does  not  look  down  upon 
himself  or the  trade  which he  follows. 

In  order  that  the  trade  school  may  lie 
a  success,  it  must  be patterned  after  the 
shop  very 
largely.  Ordinary  educa 
tional  methods  must  be  eliminated. 
The  word  "culture"  must  never  be pro 
nounced  within  its  walls. 
It  will  not 
be  a  school  for  mental  training  only. 
There  will  be  no  cultural  studies. 
It 
will  be  a  practical  school,  designed  and 
operated  by  practical  men. 
Its  princi 
pal  and  its teachers  will  come  from  the 
shops  and  the  trades.  No  one  knows 
better  the  things  which  a  skilled  me 
chanic should understand  than the  man 
ufacturer  and 
the  skilled  mechanic. 
The  manufacturer  looks at  the  question 
from  his  side—the  side  of  production, 
and  the  mechanic  looks  at  it  from  the 
side  of  the  workingman,  who  is  to  do 
the  work.  As these two  classes  are  the 
best  judges  of  what  the  student  in  the 
trade  school  should  lie  taught,  they 
should  be  the  ones  to  determine  the 
course  of  study. 
I  do  not  believe  any 
trade  school  will  be  a  success  unless  it 
has  an  advisory  board  of  manufacturers 
and  of  skilled  workmen.  This  advisory 
board should  make suggestions in  regard 
to the  course  of  study,  the  outfit  neces 
sary,  the  teachers,  the  length  of  the 
course,  and  the  tests  of  efficiency. 
I 
feel  sure  that  manufacturers  will  wel 
come this  kind  of  a  school  as  soon  as 
they  understand  its scope, and that  they 

will  cooperate  with  the  boards  which 
are  trying  to establish  ir. 

it. 

There  may  be  some  doubt  in  regard 
to  the  attitude  of  the  workingmen. 
I 
believe,  however,  that  any  opposition 
which  they  may  have  at  first,  will  be 
wholly  overcome  when  they  unerstand 
what  the  school  is  trying  to  do  and 
especially  if  they  are  represented  upon 
the  advisory  committee.  Several  of  the 
leaders  among  workingmen  have  said 
that  if  a  trade  school  taught  the  trade 
to 
thoroughly,  and  did  not  attempt 
turn  out  journeymen  in  a  short  time, 
and  its  students  were  not used  as  strike 
in-
breakers,  they  would  be  heartily 
favor  of 
laboring  men 
I  think 
would  soon  see  that  this  school  was of 
more  benefit  to  them  than  to  a n y o n e. 
else,  for  it  would  be  the  school  which 
would train their boys to  a better  know] 
edge  of  the  trades  than  their  fathers 
had.  The  kind  of  trade  school  will  de 
pend  upon  the  needs  of  the  community. 
In  a steel  and  iron  district,  boys  would 
be taught  foundry  work,  machine  shop 
work,  etc. 
In  a  community  where 
woolen  good* were  the  principal  articles 
manufactured,  the  preparation,  dyeing 
and  manufacture  of  wool  would  be 
the  subjects  taken  up  in  the  school. 
The  manufacturers  of  a  city  would 
naturally indicate the  trade* to  be  taken 
up. 

could  be  taught. 

to  attend  a  night 

Such  trade  schools  would  give  even 
ing  courses  where  apprentices  and  even 
journeymen 
The 
journeyman  would  learn  parts  of  the 
trade  which  he  perhaps  had  never  had 
occasion  to  use, and  so had  not  learned : 
while  the  apprentice  would  be  given 
subjects  both  directly  and 
indirectly 
connected  with  the  work  which  he  was 
doing in  the  daytime  and  which  would 
make  him  a broader  anil  a  better  work 
man.  Manufacturers-  could  cooperate 
in  this  latter  work  by  requiring  every 
trade 
apprentice 
school  for  a  certain  number  of  months, 
and  I believe  it  would  be  to their  ad 
vantage  to  pay  the  tuition  fees.  The 
additional  value  of  the  apprentice 
in 
the shop would  more  than  repay  them. 
Some  manufacturers  might  say that  the 
appretice  probably  would  not  stay  with 
them  after  completing  his  apprentice 
ship, and sot hey would not  reap the.bene 
fit of  this course  of  study.  To a  certain 
extent 
that  would  lie  true,  but  if  all 
manufacturers  were following  this plan, 
each  one  of  them  would  retain  some of 
his own  apprentice?,  after  they  became 
journeymen,  and  he  would  secure  some 
trained  in a similar  way  in  other  estab 
lishments;  and  so he would  be  benefited 
either  directly  or  indirectly. 

I  have  outlined  in  this  short  address 
some of  the  feature-;  of  industrial  edu 
cation. 
It  has  manifestly  been  impos 
sible  to  give  much  detail:  still.  I  have 
endeavored  to  mention  specific  things 
and  to  make  some  definite  suggestions 
both  as  to  the  type  of  schools  and  the 
things  which  should  be  taught.  At 
conventions,  both  of  educators  and  of 
manufacturers,  where  industrial  educa 
tion  is discussed,  the  greater  part  of  the 
time  is usually  taken  up  with  a  theoret 
the 
ical  presentation  of  this  subject, 
necessity  for  industrial  education, 
its 
bearing  upon  other  educational  work, 
and  the  cultural  value  to  the  child ;  but 
few  definite  suggestions  as  to 
very 
methods  and organization  are given  and 
rarely  do we hear  a  description  of  any 
thing  that  has  been  done.  Now,  this 
method  has  been  necessary  in  the  past 
for  we  have  been  learning  and  it  has 
been  essential  to  discuss  the  subject 
from  all points  of  view in  order  that  the 
facts and principles might be thoroughly 
understood;  but  the  object  in  doing 
this  has  been  to  attain  some  practical 
end  and,  in  my  opinion,  the  time  has 
come to  cease  talking  and  to  do  some-

8 

T he  M.  A.  C.  RECORD. 

thing. 
I  believe  it  is  time  we  estab 
lished  trade schools as  distinctive  insti 
If  this  cannot  be done by our 
tutions. 
present  boards  of  education,  or  other 
boards  established  for  that  purpose by 
legislative  action,  then  manufacturers 
t h e m s e l v es 
these 
should  establish 
It  is  entirely  feasible  for  the 
schools. 
manufacturers  of  any  city,  who  can 
use  patternmakers  and 
foundrymen 
and  machinists  in  their  factories,  to 
form  a board  of trustees and  establish  a 
trade  school  of  their  own,  pledging  a 
sufficient  sum  of  money  to  pay  its ex 
penses  for  perhaps  three  or  five  years. 
A thorough  test  of  the  methods  which 
might  be  employed  and  the  results  to 
themselves  and  partly,  at  least,  to  the 
community,  would  thus  be  made.  If 
this  process  were  efficiently  tried  out in 
one community,  the  example  would  be 
followed  by others  and  we  should  soon 
have  a system  of small  trade  schools  in 
our  cities. 

It  may  be  necessary  to  start  trade 
schools  in  this  way, on  account  of  the 
indifference  of the general  public,  but. I 
have no doubt  that  in the end the trade 
schools will  come under  public  control, 
for  the public  can do this  work  for large 
numbers  in  the  community  and  thus 
benefit  all who stand in need of such ed 
In some  states  they  have the 
ucation. 
machinery  for  this  work  in  the  legisla 
tion  already  enacted.  Commissions 
on 
industrial  education  or  public 
school  authorities  are  authorized  to 
establish  such  schools  and the  state co 
operates  with  the  cities  and  towns  in 
paying  the  expenses.  I  do  not  believe 
that  industrial  schools  giving  a  certain 
amount  of  cultural  work  with  some 
manual  training  will  ever  meet  the 
need.  They are useful  as far as they  go 
and  are especially helpful  to the boy who 
has left  school, but who is not old enough 
to begin to learn a trade;  but the  dearth 
of  skilled  journeymen  in all  trades  can 
only  be supplied  by a  system  of 'schools 
which  thoroughly  trains  such  journey 
men  in  all  branches  of  their  craft  and 
fits them  for  the immediate  practice  of 
the  trade. 

In  the  future 

there  will  be 

trade 
schools in agriculture  as well as  in  the 
mechanic  arts.  As I have already stated, 
the  necessity  for  these  schools  has  been 
clearly  seen  in some  places and the work 
has  begun—but  it  is  only  a  beginning. 
Most  of  our  agricultural  communities 
are  entirely  without  them.  The  boys 
are  still  leaving  the farm  for  the  city, 
whereas  if  they  Wily knew  it  there  are 
great  opportunities  for them  at  home  as 
in  the shop. 
If  we can  train  our  fann 
ers  as  the  old  apprenticeship  system 
trained  mechanics, agriculture will  offer 
inducements  to thousands of young men 
who now despise and look  down  upon it. 
For  the properly  educated  man agricul 
ture  is in many  respects  an  ideal  occu 
pation.  The soil calls in strong  tones to 
every  man who  has  a  love  for  nature. 
Most  business ami  professional  men  at 
some time  in their  lives  buy a farm,  or 
at  least  a small  place in the country,  be 
cause  they  cannot  resist  the  attractions 
of  the soil.  They do  not  intend  to  be 
come working  farmers  perhaps, but they 
love  the country  and  its  life,  and  they 
like to see animals and  plants in  process 
of  growth. 
I believe,  therefore,  that  in 
the future  there will be a great  develop 
ment  in agricultural  education  as weU 
as  in  trade  education.  This will  come 
through  appropriations  by states and by 
the  nation.  The Davis  Bill,  introduced 
in  the last  session of  congress, would, if 
passed,  extend  the  benfits  of  agricul 
tural  education  to almost  every  commu 
nity.  The  bill  had  some  defects,  and 
probably  ought  not to have  been  passed 
in  the form  in  which  it was introduced, 
but  these  defects  will  be corrected,  and 
in  the future  this  or  some  similar  bill 

will be enacted into law and the national 
government  will  have  as  active  a  part 
in  agricultural  education  for the masses 
as it  has  in  agricultural  education  of 
the  higher  type  as given  by the institu 
tion  which  I have  the honor  of  address 
ing  today. 

In  the  past,  education  beyond  the 
grammar  grades  has  been  for the few; 
in  the  future,  it  will  be  for the  many. 
In  the past,  it  has  been  for  the  fifteen 
per  cent,  who  could  afford  to take  time 
and  money  to  secure  an  education  of 
great  cultural  value  and,  in  some  in 
stances,  of great practical value.  In the 
future,  it  will  be for the  eighty  five per 
cent,  as  well,  and  it  will  give  them  a 
practical  education  which  can  be  used 
in  their  everyday  lives.  The audience, 
which  I  have  the  honor  of  addressing, 
belongs  to  the  fifteen  per cent.—to  the 
class  which  has had a monopoly  of  edu 
cation  in  the  past.  This  class  can  do 
much  to extend  the benefits  of practical 
vocational  training  to  those  who  need 
it.  Education  of  this  kind  is  coming 
whether  the  fifteen  per  cent,  is  willing 
it  should  come  or  not,  because  the 
eighty-five  per  cent,  will  soon  demand 
it  and they  are in the  majority.  But it 
is proper  for  educated  men  and  women, 
who recognize the advantages  of knowl 
edge to all classes,  to assist in  this  new 
education  because  they  have been  bene 
fited  by  the  old  education  which  they 
have  received.  They  can  understand 
the  advantages  of  all kinds of  training, 
whether  mental  or  manual,  whether 
mechanical  or  agricultural,  and  their 
influence  and help  will  count  for  much 
in  the  development  of the future.  Vo 
cational  education  is  of  great  interest 
to the engineer  and the trained  agricul 
turist.  The  e n g i n e er  designs—he 
creates,  but his designs  can  only  be put 
into  practical  form  through  the  efforts 
of  the  mechanic,  and  the  greater  skill 
the  mechanic  has  the better  he will be 
able to  appreciate  and to follow  the de 
signs of the  engineer.  The  trained  ag 
riculturist  will  be at  the  head  of  great 
agricultural  enterprises,  or he will be  a 
agricultural 
scientific  worker  along 
lines,  but his  plans  can  only  be carried 
out  in  full  when  the  men who till the 
soil  have  been  given  trade  instruction 
along  the  many  lines  into  which  prac 
tical  agriculture  is  divided.  This new 
education—this  vocational  training,.—is 
for  the  benefit  of  the  public  as well as 
the  individual  and  I  believe  that  the 
graduates  of our  engineering  and  agri 
cultural  college  as  well as the  educated 
public  will  in the future  do their  utmost 
to  promote  and foster  it. 

A  FINE  SOUL. 

(Baec-a-laureate  Address  by  Rev.  Isaac  0. 

Ketler,  Pres. Grove CityCollege,  1'a.i 

(Anil  Ma&et  hid  his face,  for  lie was 

- afraid  to look upon God.  Exodus III :6.) 

God  reveals  himself  at  high  altitudes. 
The  mountains  have  always  been  con 
spicuous  for  divine  manifestations. 
Sinai,  and  Horeb,  and  Carmel,  and 
Hermon,  and  Nebo  have  all  felt  the 
tread  of  omnipotent  feet. 
Indeed  we 
are prone to associate the majesty  of the 
mountain  with  some  fine  display  of 
divine  power,  or grace. 
It  harmonizes 
with  our  conception  of God  to think of 
Him  as occupying  a high  throne  in the 
universe  of  things.  Heaven  is  always 
some high  plane,  some exalted,  celestial 
sphere,  some  place  of  divine  glory and 
It  may be  but  a conceit,  a 
effulgence. 
dream  of  childhood,  a  fiction,  a  fancy, 
yet  somehow  or other  it  does seem  as if 
God,  when  he would  lift  us out  of our 
lower  self  into  some  high  place  of  as 
piration  or  service,  rjeveals  himself  at 
unwonted  heights.  And  height,  even 
in  dearth  of  all  other  considerations, 

has  ennobling 
tendencies.  The  high 
headland,  the  cloud-circled  cliff,  the 
sun-tipped  minaret,  and especially when 
the  "Call  to  Prayer"  trembles  out upon 
the  dilating  air, beget  in  us a  manner, 
(a mood), and  indescribable  something> 
—a feeling  which  is akin  to worship. 

I  am  quite  inclined  to  say, that  God 
reveals himself  upon  the  heights.  The 
De  Profundis  Cry,—the  cry  from  the 
deeps,—the soul in the toils of  a  sensual 
and  depraved  environment,—humanity 
groping  in  the  dark,  yet  raising  the 
voice of  its  infinite  need,  must  look  to 
the  hills for  help.  And there  is  help in 
the  hills!  David  the  hymn-singer  of 
the  ages,  found  help  in the  hills,—"To 
the  hills I lift  mine  eyes!" 

The  truth  is,  the  dreamers  have  al 
ways indulged themselves in  significant 
metaphors.—"the  mountain  of the Ab 
solute,"  " t he  high  plains  of  the  Infi 
nite,"  " t he  empyreal  heights  of  God!" 
The  poets, and  the  prophets,  and  the 
seers,  and  the  singers  have  found  in 
spiration  in  the  hills,—the  horizon  is 
wider,  the view  less restricted,  the  pure 
air  abates  the  miasms  of  low  associa 
tions,  the blood pricks and  tingles,—my 
brother, 
the  hills! 
there  is  help  in 
There  is  quiet  and  repose,  and there is 
rest,  and there  is  sweet  communion  in 
the  hills.  God  is in the hills! 

I  like  the Psalms  of  David,  immortal 
mosaics in the  limitless  realms of song! 
They  reveal  all  the  heights,  and all the 
depths.  And  I  like  the  One  Hundred 
It  goes  down  to 
and  Thirtieth  Psalm. 
the  deeps,—it  finds  us  on  the  lowest 
plane  of  human  fraility,  and  it  says, 
" O ut  of  the  depths  do  I  cry!"  I  like 
the  One  Hundred  and  Twenty-First 
It  is  the  "evening  song"  of 
Psalm. 
the  Pilgrim  band,  sung 
last 
nightwatch,  as wandering  footsore  over 
Judean  hills 
tents, 
while  Mount  Moriah  rises  clear  in  view. 
I  like  this Psalm.  It  says,  "Up, up, my 
brother,  to the hills,  to the  hills!" 

they  pitch  their 

the 

in 

This is poetry, arid because it is poetry, 
It  is the  poetry  of  the  Old 
it  is  true. 
lyrist.  H e. was 
Testament's  greatest 
singing the song of  Israel's dearest  hope, 
and  Israel's hope was in the hills.  He was 
putting  into  rythmic  words the glad tri 
umph of the spiritual over the base things 
of  earth.  He was saying  in tuneful  ca 
dences  what  the  universal  heart  feels, 
that  there  is  hope  in  high  altitudes,— 
that  there  is  help,  and  succor,  and  de 
liverance  from  the carnal  things  of  life. 
And  his song  was a  poem.  But  what is 
poetry?  It  is  the  language  of  truth. 
It  is  the voice  of  humanity,  when  hu 
manity comes nearest speaking the  truth. 
It  is the  linguistic  expression  of  mood. 
It  is  the  truth  and  no  lie!  What  is 
poetry ?  It is life,  lived  on high  planes, 
my  brother! 
It  is  man  at  his  climax. 
It is the '' head  of gold " o'er-topping the 
thighs  of brass and the feet  of  clay. 
It 
is  the  soul  giving  expression  to  itself, 
when  it  lives  its  best, in  the  purest, 
noblest  acts,  and in the  finest  forms  of 
human  speech.  And  fine  poetry  only 
lives  in  fine  souls  Moses  had  a  fine 
soul,  and  his  life  was  an  epic  poem. 
One day God  came in  upon  him  like  a 
mighty  river.  The  vanity  of  earthly 
flame  flooded  his  soul.  He  had  heard 
the  call  from  the  hills.  And  he  said, 
"I  will  no longer  be  called  'the  son  of 
Pharaoh's  daughter,'—I  will be a son of 
God!  I will  cast in my lot with the peo 
ple of  God.  I will choose  rather  to  suf 
fer  affliction  with  the  people  of  God 
than  enjoy  the  pleasures of  sin.  I  will 
forsake  Egypt with  its earthly gains and 
low  ideals.  I will not live  op these low 
Goshen plains,—I  will  turn  my face  to 
the  hills." 

And  Moses left  Goshen  and  dwelt  in 
the  land  of Midian.  One day  shepherd 
ing  the  flocks  he  saw a burning  bush, 
and  turning  aside  he  heard  the  call  of 

God.  And the record  is, that  Moses hid 
his  face!  It was  the  instinctive  atti 
tude  of a  fine  soul. 

My theme  is a fine  soul.  Moses at the 
Burning  Bush  is  an  instance  of  a  fine 
soul.  He  fled  from  Egypt  because  he 
had  in him  the elements  of a  fine  soul. 
A fine soul  will  not  live on a low plane. 
It  has  a  divine,  an  instinctive,  appe 
tence for  a higher  level,  for  the  things 
which  ennoble  and  build  up.  In  the 
midst  of  a  low  spiritual  environment 
Moses aspired.  He aspired  to the higher 
altitudes.  He was spiritually  awake  to 
some  purer  air, some  wider  prospect. 
He  found  no  response  on a low level  to 
the  best  impulses  of  life.  He  had  felt 
like the evening  zephyrs  the  breath  of 
God upon  his soul, and a new life opened 
before  him.  With  holy  passion  and  a 
fine  disdain  he turned  from  the  lure  of 
worldly  pleasure.  He craved  the  brac 
ing air, the  life-giving  ozone,  the  prick 
ling,  tingling  sensation  of  the  towering 
peaks  and  high  mountain  ranges,— he 
wanted  to  feel  the  thrill  of  the  wider 
prospect,  the cloudless,  boundless  glory, 
— in  a  word,  the  spiritual  uplift  and 
illumination  of the hills! 

I  hesitate  to say it, but it  is  true,—the 
majority  of  men and women live on low 
planes.  They  would  be  miserable  at 
high  altitudes.  Their  respiratory  system 
would  not easily adjust  itself  to the pure 
air  of  any far  seeing  height.  They are 
the  habitues  of a noxious  atmosphere,— 
indigenous to lower  levels.  Their  teeth 
leeks!  onions  and  garlic. 
water  for 
Many  men are  sore bitten  with  a  rabies 
for  wealth.  , It is no epithelial or surface 
malady. 
It  is  a  disease  of  the  blood. 
In  the social  organism  the  symptomatic 
markings  are  pronounced  worldly  ten 
dencies,—a  virulent mania  for  pleasure. 

Society  viewed  from  this  standpoint 
is in  need  of a  universal  remedy,  some 
cleansing,  saving potion,  which  will ab 
solve,  cleanse,  purify,  wash  out  these 
base  humors,  and  bring  once  more 
health  and  marrow  to the bones. 

This  is  an  uncanny  picture,  disturb 
ing,  disquieting.  He  who  paints  it 
awakens  suspicion  of  certain  despond 
It  savors of  low  faith, 
ent  tendencies. 
pessimism,  misanthropy. 
It  suggests 
personal  chagrin,  disappointment,  un 
requited  service.  We  are  tempted  to 
think  the  artist  has  had  his  ups  and 
downs,  his failures,  his hard  lines.  We 
would  much  prefer, 
that  he  dip  his 
brush  in  less  sombre  colors,—set  forth 
the  facts  of  life  on  some  higher  level,— 
at  least  turn  his easel to the sun! 

And  this  suggests  a  better  view,  a 
brighter picture. 
It suggests, that  there 
are yet  fine  souls  in  this  world  of ours, 
—men  and  women  gifted  to  see,  that 
low  ideals are low, and that  high  ideals 
make  for eternal  happiness  and gain. .. 
Moses had a  fine  soul.  He was  gifted 
with  superior  mental  qualities.  He had 
more  than  natural  sight.  He  had  the 
spiritual  discernment  to see, that  there 
is a world  of  infinite  depths  and  mean 
ing  lying  back  of  this  material  order. 
This supreme  quality  in  a fine soul,  this 
subtle  grip  of  fundamentals,  this  eso 
teric,  (inner),  view  breeds  high  disdain 
of  mere earthly  fame  and  splendor. 
It 
reveals  to  the  spiritual  man,  that  on 
this  lower  round  there  are  no  vested 
rights,  no  permanent  estate,  no  unfail 
ing  treasure.  San  Francisco  shaken 
down  like  an  ant hill  warns  men  be 
sotted  with  wealth  that  there  are  no 
certain tenures this side the pearly gates. 
It  speaks  in  the  spiritually  awakened 
soul,  and  it  says,  "I  will  no  longer  be 
called  the son of  Pharaoh's  daughter,—I 
will be a son of  God!  I will  not live  on 
a  low plane,—I  will  ascend  the heights! 
I  will  not  anchor  destiny  to wealth,  I 
will  not  surfeit  my  life  with  earthly 
gain,—I  will  not  serve  the  Mammon-
King,—I will enrich my soul!" 

T he  M.  A.  C.  RECORD. 

I.  My  first  point  is  t h i s:  A  fine  soul 
recognizes  a  spiritual  realm  back  of  this 
shadowy,  shakable  world. 

A  b u r n i ng  bush  has  no  significance 
for  a  c a r n al  n a t u r e.  All  things  are  j u st 
t he  same  to  him,—there  is  no  supernat 
ural  sight,  no  divine  voice,  no  spiritual 
presence,  no  uplifting  vision,  no  holy 
ground.  But  I  refuse  to  conduct  this 
discussion  in  a  pessimistic  mood.  The 
plains  of  Goshen  are  infinitely  beneath 
us.  Our  t e xt  calls  us  to  t he  heights. 
It  says,  there  is  light,  and  there  is  hope, 
a nd  there  is joy,  a nd  there  is sweet  com 
munion,  and  there  are  grand  visions, 
inspirations,  and  profound 
a nd  high 
meanings  on  Horeb. 
It  says  to  you,  my 
brother,  w h e t h er  in  wealth  or  in  pov 
erty,  t h at  God  is  there  only  w a i t i ng  to 
be  gracious. 

My  sermon  is  Christocentric,—it  has 
Christ  for  its  c e n t e r;  therefore  I  refuse 
I refuse  to  dwell 
to  paint  the  shadows. 
much  on  sin  abounding,  when  I  k n o w, 
t h at  grace  does  not  m u ch  more  abound. 
Every  prophet  from  Moses  to  Malachi 
made God's grace  and  not  His  condemna 
tion the burden  of  his message.  A  sermon 
which/paints  shadows  only  is a  Christless 
sermon.  This  sermon  has  Christ  in  it. 
It  sets  forth  Christ  as  the  hope  of  men, 
—it  calls  to  Horeb  a nd 
the  Burning 
It  says  to  men  a nd  women  on 
Bush. 
t he  Goshenplains,  " U p,  up,  m)-  brother, 
my  sister,  to  the  hills,  to  the  h i l l s !" 

face. 

t h at 
are 

t he  world's 

the.  t h o u g ht  of 
for 

Moses  had  a  fine  soul,  and  he  proved 
it,—he  chose  God!  He  chose  to  suffer 
affliction  with  t he  people of  God,  and  in 
t h at  choice  stood  on  t he  heights  where 
God  m i g ht  meet  h im  face  to  face.  Do 
you  know,  t h e re  are  great  possibilities 
at  high'  altitudes!  That  is,  w h en  m en 
gaining 
rise  above 
t he  world, 
s a k e; 
they 
let  -go  of  despic 
t h at 
is  w h en 
is  when 
life-plans, 
able,  unholy 
t he  Egyptian 
purged, 
ideals 
washed  out  of  their  soul,  by  the  incom 
i ng  flood  of  a  holy  purpose  in  life.  This 
to  encourage,  and 
sermon 
is  intended 
not  discourage  m e n. 
There  are  Horeb 
heights  for  every  man,  where  God  will 
There  are 
to 
m e et  him  face 
mounts  of  blessing  where  m en  may  en 
ter 
spirit 
ual  and  unseen.  There  is  an  open  door 
to 
is 
fellowship  with  God,  — Christ 
It  swings  wide  on  its  hinges. 
t he  door! 
No  man  is  shut  out  who  comes  with  an 
obedient  faith  in Jesus  Christ.  God  for 
bid,  t h at  I  should  limit  any  man's  pos 
sibilities  in  t he  spiritual  life. 
I  believe, 
t h a t,  as  a  rule,  men  and  -women  are 
better  t h an  t h ey  seem,—they  are  nearer 
to  God 
t h ey  have 
higher  ideals  t h an  they  seem,  they  care 
less  for  t he  world  and  material 
things 
In  quiet  hours  and  in 
t h an  they  seem. 
secluded  nooks,  where  no eye  save  God's r 
m ay  see,  a nd  where  only  His  ear  may 
hear,  in  the  very  abandon  of  holy  com 
m u n i on  t h ey  draw  nigh  u n to  t he  Burn 
ing  Bush. 

t h ey  seem, 

fellowship 

.with 

t h an 

into 

t he 

t he 

I  call  upon  you,  my  brother,  by  t he 
to 
s u p e r n a t u r al  occurrence  on  Horeb 
open  your  eyes 
s u p e r n a t u r al 
to 
about  you.  This  material  world  is  but 
a  time-shadow, —the spiritual  is  t he  only 
abiding,  the  only  real.  These  earthly 
things  for  which  we  toil  a nd  moil,  a nd 
plow  and  sow  and  reap,  are  but  t he  ephe 
mera  which  flood  the  air  on  a  cloudless 
night  in  J u n e.  They  pall  on  t he  taste, 
or  perish  with  the  using. 
In  no  sense 
do  they  enter  into  t he  essence  of  life. 
They  are  pithless  plants,  e m p ty  husks, 
fruitless  rinds.  These earthly  ambitions 
which  lead  us  such  a  rapid  chase  across 
t he  Goshen  plains  only  starve  our  souls 
a nd  disappoint  us  in  t he  end.  They  are 
mere  air-castles  of  t he  listless  day,  dis 
t he 
turbed,  disappointing  dreams  of 
pictures, 
night, 
w i t h o ut  reality,  w i t h o ut  substance. 

dissolving 

fleeting, 

W h at  a  dream  life  is!  W h at  a  shin 

flight 

across 

inter-threading 

ing  show!  W h at  a  mirage,  fata  mor 
gana,  will  o'  t he  wisp,  miserable  decoy 
lust  for  fame  and 
is  t he  poor,  foolish 
pleasure!  Swift-winged  and 
remorse 
less  is  t he  flight  of  years,  — we  have  no 
abiding  city  here!  Like  the  s h u t t le  in 
its 
the 
loom  we  pass  from  stage  to  stage,  and 
our  day  is  done!  He  who  grasps 
this 
t r u t h,  and  works  it  into  the  plan  of  his 
life  has t he  distinguishing  m a rk  of  a  fine 
If  you  have  spiritual  eyes,  t h at  is, 
soul. 
this 
spiritual  discernment,  and  grasp 
point,  — if  you  are  gifted 
to  see,  t h at 
worldly  estate 
is  a  ruined  chrysalis, 
w h en  the  d e a th  summons  comes,  t h at 
the  soul  must  stand  naked  before  God, 
t he  gift.  Come  to  t he 
t h en  magnify 
heights  of  blessing,  — God  is  on 
t he 
heights!  And  Christ  is  there  of  whom 
Moses  was  a  type,—the  J e h o v ah  of  t he 
Old  Dispensation,  a nd  He  says,  "I  am 
t he  God  of  thy  father!" 

to 

You  see,  my  brother,  t h at  Christ  was 
on  Horeb,—Jehovah  of  t he  Old  Testa 
ment,  and  he  spoke  to  Moses  out  of  t he 
B u r n i ng  Bush.  Now  then,  my  sermon 
has  Christ  in  it!  No  sermon  can  have 
power  t h at  does  not  have  Christ  in  it. 
Give  me  Christ  a nd  you  give  me 
the 
saving  doctrines  of  all  t he  Scriptures. 
(Jive  me Christ,  and you  give me an  ideal 
lowest 
which  will  lift  me  from 
t he 
Goshen  plane 
the  highest  Horeb 
height.  Give  me  Christ  and  you  an 
swer  t he  cry  of  a  troubled  soul.  Give 
me  Christ  into  my  life,  so  t h at  I  ani 
alive  a nd  a w a re  to  t he  spiritual  forces 
which  b u rn  and  blaze 
in  every  bush, 
and  you  give  me  a  fine  soul.  Give  into 
my  soul  a  thirst  for  God,  as  t he  h a rt 
pants  for  the  w a t er  brooks,  and  I  there 
upon  am  become  a  fine  soul.  Give  me 
Christ  and  you  give  me  t h at  which 
abides.  Give  me  Christ  and  I  face 
t he 
storms  of  life  unblanched  by  fear.  Give 
me  Christ  and  t he  regenerating  power 
of  his  death  on  Calvary,  and  you  give 
me  more  t h an  ten  thousand  worlds  like 
this  can  bestow! 

looked  up  into 

II.  My  second  point  is  t h i s:  A 

fine 
soul  fears  God.  Moses  hid  his  face  for 
he  was-  afraid  to  look  upon  God.  Un 
doubtedly  t he  t r u th  here  lies  on  t he  sur 
face.  There  is  no  need  of  any  strained 
effort  at  exposition.  Moses  feared  God. 
He  was  a  sinner  before  God.  He  was 
suddenly  face  to  face  with  t he  absolute 
righteousness  and  holiness  of  God.  He 
had  come  all  t he  way  from  Goshen  to 
Horeb,  spurred  on  with  t he  high  pur 
pose  of  serving  God.  He  had 
scaled 
m a ny  a  rocky  steep  in  t he  mountains 
through  all  those  strangely  silent  years, 
shepherding  the  flocks  of  J e t h r o.  He 
had  communed  with  his  won  spirit  in 
the  vast  solitudes,  and  at  night  by  the 
t he 
folded  sheep  h ad 
Syrian  stars,  and  re-dedicated  himself 
to  a  high  calling,—and  vowed  he  would 
be  true.  There  is  no  doubt  t h at  a  noble 
calling  sanctifies  us.  There  is  no  doubt, 
t h at  t he  fixing  our  eyes  on  some  high 
goal  elevates 
lives, 
makes  us  to  see  t he  wide  gaps  between 
t he  high  and  t he  low,  a nd  determines 
us  to  the  choice  of  some  higher  path 
t h an  men  usually  travel.  And  yet  t he 
anchoret's  life  is  not  a  high  ideal.  Mere 
meditation  on  t he  sacredness  of  d u ty 
w i t h o ut  t he  life  which  exemplifies  it,— 
cloister  faith  or  ethics,  which  finds  no 
open 
its  play,—the 
spiritual  isolation,  (pietistic  aloofness), 
begotten  of  t he  pharisaical 
feeling,— 
t h at  now  we  a re  an  elect  race,  a  royal 
priesthood,  remote  from 
t he  passions 
and  lusts  of  a  lower  level,—all  this,  I 
It  begets 
fear,  savors  of  spiritual  pride. 
in  us  all  too  certainly  a  sense  of  per 
sonal  righteousness,  a  dangerous  pre 
sumption  of  special  privileges.  This  is 
an  offense  against  all  spiritual  decency, 
and  calls  loudly  for  some  Horeb  Bush  to 
b u rn  into  our  souls,  t he  awful  fact,  t h at 

field  or  v e nt  for 

tone  of  our 

t he 

we  too  are  sinners  before  God.  Moses 
was  a  sinner,  but  he  never  felt  himself 
so  m u ch  a  sinner,  so  deeply  dyed  and 
helpless  in  t he  sin  and  guilt  of  his  lost 
estate,  until  he  was  brought  face  to  face 
with  t he  righteousness  and  holiness  of 
God.  This  undoubtedly  is  the  root,  t he 
t he  major  premise,  of  all 
mainspring, 
high  and  effective  service,—men  must 
have  a  proper  sense  of  God.  God 
is 
great,  and  God  is  righteous,  and  God  is 
holy.  No  m an  is  fit  for  any  high  ser 
in 
vice  or  mission  w ho  does  not 
reverential  awe  of  God.  Moses  hid  his 
face.  He  was  afraid  to  look  upon  God. 
It  is  the  proof  of  a  fine  soul.  A  fine  soul 
fears  God. 

live 

Moses  fled  from  Goshen  because  he 
t h o u g ht  he  had  a  mission.  For  forty 
years  he  had  talked  about  his  mission. 
He  had  prayed  about  his  mission.  He 
had  dreamed  about  his  mission.  But  the 
t r u th  is,  he  had  no  mission.  No  m an 
has  a  mission  until  he  recognizes  his 
t r ue  relation 
to  God.  Moses  had  no 
mission  down  in  Goshen.  No  m an  has 
a  mission  who  lives  on  Goshen  plains. 
State  craft  is  not  a mission.  Commerce 
is  not  a  mission.  No  craft,  or  cult  is  a 
mission, u n t il  in  its  final  purpose  it  rises 
above  t he  low  level  of  Egyptian  ideals. 

Angelo's  Moses  is  an 

impressive,  a 
(some  here  may  have 

figure, 

colossal 
seen  it).  Moses  is at  t he  height  of  lead 
ership.  He  was  no  longer  a  wandering 
nomad,  feebly  aspiring  to  some  helpful 
is  t he  impressive 
service  for  men. 
It 
I 
a t t i t u de  of  one  who  has  attained. 
wish  t h at  such  a  figure  might  be  found 
in  every  treasure-house  of  a r t!  But  I 
like  t he  other  figure  b e t t e r , — t h at  is, 
Moses  at 
I  like  it 
t he  Burning  Bush. 
fine  c h a r a c t er  of 
better  because  the 
Moses  is  so  m u ch  more  in  evidence. 
I 
like  it  better,  because  it  is  so  h u m a n ,— 
Moses is so conscious of  sin  and ill  desert. 
I  like  it  better,  because  of  its  spectacu 
B u r n i ng 
lar 
Bush,  etc.,  and  because  God  speaks  in 
such  fatherly  tenderness  and  compas 
sion,  "I  am  t he  God  of  t hy  father!'' 

a c c o m p a n i m e n t s , — t he 

feel 

Somehow,  I 

t h at  God  always 
w a n ts  to  speak  lovingly  and  tenderly  to 
m en  when  they  feel  t h at  t h ey  are  sin 
ners. 
the 
J u st  as  when  children 
dark  cry  out  in  fear  and  in  terror,  (and 
parents  speak 
to  allay  their  fears),  so 
God  speaks  with  assuring  compassion, 
"Be  not  afraid,—it  is  I. 
I  am  the  God 
of  t hy  father!" 

in 

and 

providence 

The  story  of  Moses  is  a  fine  romance. 
Godly  parents  placed  in  a  little  wicker 
fearing 
basket  their  darling  child,  not 
the  c o m m a n d m e nt  of  t he  king,  and  sent 
it  adrift  on  the  broad  river  of  God's  in 
finite 
care.  Eighty-
years  pass,  and 
t he  child  of  parental 
solicitude  now  stands  in  abject  fear  at 
t he  B u r n i ng  Bush. 
It  is  like  Matthew 
Arnold's  story  of  Sohrab  and  Rustum,— 
father  arrayed  against  son  in  t he  heat 
of  battle,  but  how  different 
the  sequel. 
On  a  Persian  b a t t le  field  Sohrab  and 
R u s t um  meet  in  deadly  strife,  neither 
knowing  the  relationship  of  the  other, 
until  t he  father's  h a nd  deals  the  fatal 
blow.  A nd  Moses 
feared  God,  n ot 
k n o w i ng  it  was  Jehovah  — God,  whose 
covenant  with  the  parents  includes  t he 
c h i l d r e n! 

It 

This  scene  oh  Horeb  epitomizes  the 
Gospel  of  Christ,  my  brother. 
is  a 
• whole  system  of  theology  in  itself.  The 
doctrines  and  justice  and  grace  all  cen 
It  is  a  concrete  instance  of 
ter  here. 
God's  love  in  Christ  Jesus.  Here 
is 
t he  appalling  sense  of  his 
Moses  with 
to  look  upon 
own  guilt  a nd 
God.  A nd 
is  God,—Jehovah 
God,—whose  a t o n i ng  blood,  sprinkled 
on  t he  lintels  of  the  heart,  removes  t he 
guilt,  calling  out  from 
t he  B u r n i ng 
Bush  in  all  t he  compassionate  tender 
ness  of  infinite  love,  " I,  I  am  t he  God 
of  t hy  father!  " 

fearing 

t h e re 

This  scene  brings  to  the  h e a rt  of  the 
believer  a  strangely  beautiful  meaning, 
it is the infinite  tenderness  and  love of  J e 
hovah-God  for  a  world  in  estrangement. 
Moses  at  the  Bush  has  his  limitations. 
He  cannot  understand  how  God  can  be 
otherwise  t h an  displeased  with  him. 
In 
his  own  sight  he  is  a  sinner,—how  can 
low? 
God 
love  a  t h i ng  so  mean  and 
You  a nd  I,  my  brother,  have  had 
the 
same  feeling. 
In  t he  disquieting  sense 
of  our  sins  we  t h o u g ht  we  could  read 
on  Jehovah's  face  t he  d a r k e n i ng  frown 
and  hear  Him  say  in  reproving  words, 
" W h at  a  m an  sows,  t h at  shall  he  also 
reap!"  We  trembled  because  we  were 
t h i n k i ng  of  our  sins.  We  had  lost  sight 
t h at 
of  the  scarlet  thread.  We  forgot, 
J e h o v ah 
is  a  covenant-keeping  God. 
We  hid  our  face,  so  t h at  we  could  not 
see  t he  bleeding  wounds, 
ensan 
guined  brow. 

the 

A nd  God  on  Horeb  seemed  to  have 
His  limitations,—I  say  "seemed."  He 
had  seen  on  the  lintels  of  Moses'  h e a rt 
t he 
his  heart 
yearned  for  t he  lonely  shepherd  son  of 
A m r a m. 

sprinkled  blood,  a nd 

Let  me  paraphrase 

in  h u m an  words 
Jehovah's  pained  surprise! 
"Is  this  not 
Moses who fled from  Goshen?  Why  should 
he fear  me,—why  hide  his face?  Am I  not 
his  father's  God  and  his  mother's  God? 
Is  he  not  a  child  of  t he  covenant?  Did 
I  not  choose  him  to  be  a  vessel  meet  for 
high  and  holy  service?  Do  I  not  see, 
even  now,  w r i t t en  on  his  heart 
t he 
scarlet  words,  " F e ar  not, -for  I  have  re 
deemed  t h e e ?" 

My  brother,  my  sister,  are  you  also 
to  look  upon  God  t  He  is  not 

afraid 
angry  with  you.  He  is not  now  the  ven 
geance-taking  God.  He  speaks  to  you 
out  of  t he  Burning  Bush,  and  he  says, 
"Don't  fear  me,  don't  fear  m e!  Love 
me,  love  me,—I  died  for  y e a !" 

III.  My  third  point 

is  t h i s:  A  fine 
soul  sees  and  improves  its  opportunity 
to  serve  God. 

free 

things 

t h i n gs  of 

is  called  of  God.  This 

I  question  if  any  man  has  a  calling, 
is  a 
until  he 
s t r a n ge  world, 
to  admit. 
I  am 
Much  of  the  progress  the  world  is  mak 
ing  along  most  lines  is  blind  and 
irra 
tional,  t he  outcome  of  conflicting  and 
opposing  interests  mostly  selfish. 
Paul 
was  quite  r i g h t , — as  a  rule,  "all  seek 
Jesus 
t he 
their  own,  not 
Christ."  And  I  am  not  so  sure,  in  such 
a  complex  organism  as  society  is,  t h ai 
I  fear,  if  in  t he 
this  is  a  necessary  evil. 
economic  world  men  should 
neglect 
their  own  affairs  to  a t t e nd  t o o t h er  peo 
ple's  business,  t h at 
in  general 
m i g ht  come  to  a  speedy  halt,  a  discon 
certing  standstill.  No,  I  r a t h er  like  t he 
thought,  t h at  t he  world  moves  on  with 
out  the superintending  intelligence  or be 
I  like  this  view  bet 
nevolence  of  men. 
I  like  it  better  be 
ter  t h an  any  other. 
things, 
cause  it  puts  God  back  of  all 
where  he  keeps  w-atch,  t h at 
t he  unto 
ward  conduct  of  men  shall  in  no  wise 
defeat  his  beneficent  plans.  Whilst  on 
this  hither  side  of  things,  this  t h e a t re 
for  the  play of  h u m an  passion,—avarice, 
pride,  lust  for  g a i n , — t h i n gs  seem 
to 
come  and  go at  loose ends,—the  motives, 
aspirations,  deeds  of  men  at  painful  va 
riance,  until  the  whole  world  seems  like 
a  mock  d r a ma  with  its  puppet-marion 
ettes  a nd  wooden  actors,  yet  God  in  his 
infinite  wisdom  is  back  of  t he  scenes,  is 
back  of 
t he  marionettes  and  puppet-
pla'yers,  playing  off  this one against  t h at 
one,—man  against  man,  saint  against 
saint,  devil  against  devil, 
this  nation 
against  t h at  nation,  u n t il  as  an  outcome 
we  rise  in  t he  social  scale  from  genera 
tion  to  g e n e r a t i o n! 

Undoubtedly  this  is  t he  way  we  m u st 
regard  t he  ongoings  of  society  on 
t he 
Goshen  plains.  There  are  not  any  high 
ideals  down  in  t he  pit,  where  t he  bulls 
a nd  t he  bears  force  t he  markets,  and 

IO 

T he  M.  A.  C.  RECORD. 

where  " t he  spirit  of  murder  works  in 
the  very  means of  life!" 

I  am  content  to believe, that  there  is 
not much  fine  moral  action,  not  much 
of  high  initiative  here.  This,  I  think, 
is because there  is no  opportunity  here. 
God  has  nothing  for  us to  do here.  He 
sets  us  no  tasks  on  low  planes.  God 
has  nothing for  us to  do here which  can 
not  be  done  after  the  puppet  fashion  I 
have  been  describing.  But  when  like 
the  Psalmist  we  turn  our  eyes  to  the 
hills;  when  like  Moses  we  refuse  to be 
called  the  son  of  Pharaoh's  daughter; 
when  we esteem  the  reproach  of  Christ 
greater  riches  than 
the  treasures  of 
Egypt,  then  and  only  then  may  we be 
come  personal  factors  in  the  mighty 
things  of  God. 

I  say,  a fine soul sees and improves  its 
opportunity  to  serve  God.  Servi  Deum, 
(serve  God), is a motto fit to write  above 
any  portal. 
It  is a  motto  fit  to  engrave 
on  the  fleshly  tablets  of  every  red-ripe 
human  heart.  It is a Latin motto  which 
has  but  one  translation. 
is  this: 
"Uplift  your  fellowmen!"  Undoubted 
ly  Abon  Ben  Adhem  was  right,—"he 
loves God  who loves his  fellowmen!" 

It 

There  is nothing  you  can  do for  God, 
so  pleasing  to  God,  as  the  service  you 
render  your  fellowmen.  But  there  is 
no  service  for  God  which  does not  have 
its  beginning  on  Horeb  heights.  God 
gives  wages  only  to  the  men  of  His 
choice,  and  His  mark  is  upon  them. 
Thejr must wear beneath their  vestment-
garment  the scarlet badge of  a  redeemed 
and  holy  life.  The  Burning  Bush  must 
blaze  into  a  man's  face  before  he  may 
take  up  any  high  and  holy  service  for 
God,—"Created  in  Christ  Jesus  unto 
good  works"  is  a  distinguishing  doc 
trine  of  the  Pauline  creed! 

Wilberforce  served  God  by  serving 
men,  poor  black  men,  victims  of  the 
world's  open  sore.  Harriet  Beecher 
served  God  by serving  men.  William 
Lloyd  Garrison,  Wendell Phillips,  Abra 
ham Lincoln  served  God by serving  men. 
These  served  a  single  race  and  a single 
I present  as the  incompar 
generation. 
able  exemplar  of  high,  disinterested 
service,  our  great  all-racial  Brother 
Jesus  Christ,  whose  serving  and  saving 
grace  is  limited  by  no  race  and  by  no 
age! 

I  say,  if  we  would  serve God  we  must 
come  up  on  the  heights.  There  is  no 
divine  calling  on  the  Goshen  plains. 
God  has  no  shrines,  no  temples  on  the 
lower  levels.  Whether  we  are  farmers, 
or  merchants, or bankers, or  mechanics, 
we must  transfer  our  craft  to the  hills. 
My  text  is  a  great  text,—it  is  shot 
through  and 
through  with  a  scarlet 
thread.  Now the scarlet thread  is a sym 
bol.  In  a dark  age it was bound in  a har 
lot's window.  And Joshua's army march 
ing  against  Canaan  recognized  it,  and 
saved  the strumpet  Rahab.  In  those  far-
off times God indicated  by this sign,  that 
lie  would  save  a  sinful  world.  The 
scarlet  thread  was used  because  it  is the 
color of human blood.  When  I took this 
text  I  saw  the  scarlet  line. 
I  saw  it 
running  out  from  the  Burning  Bush, 
and  down  through  the  history  of  the 
Jewish  people,  and  down  through  Ruth 
and  Boaz,  and  Jesse and  David, until on 
Calvary  it was lost in  the  living  outflow 
of  the  Redeemer's  blood.  And  as  the 
stream  widened  in  its flow I  saw  in  its 
carmine  depths  the 
faces  of  the  Re 
deemed  out  of  every  kindred  and 
tongue  and  people  and  nation. 
I  saw 
in  this text  the  promise  of  a  redeemed 
race,  and  of  a  new  heaven  and  a  new 
earth,  and  how  this  stream  as  it  gains 
width  and  power  will  wash  the  old 
Canaan  world  and  make  it  white. 

My dear  young people, this world,  and 
the  fashion  of  it  must  change.  The  old 
Canaan  life  of  pleasure  and  gain  must 
give way  before  the  triumph  of  God's 

grace  in  the  social and  economic  world. 
A  kingdom  of  righteousness  will  be 
established. 
In  due time God  will  mar-
shall  His  leaders,  men  and  women  of 
fine  souls,  antitypes  of  Moses,  and 
Joshua,  and  Jael,  and  Deborah!  Al 
the  broad,  golden 
ready  we  can  see 
bands  of  the  approaching  day. 
It  is an 
optimistic  view.  We  are  on  the  battle 
field  of  contending  forces,  and  those 
who carry the crimson flag will triumph. 
The victory is certain.  The Wellingtons 
may  blanch  and  waiver,  but  the  Blu 
chers are  near!  Already ip. the  distance 
we  can  hear  the  multitudinous  murmur 
of  the  advancing  hosts.  A  day  labors 
up  the  eastern  sky  which  is  pregnant 
with  spiritual  promise. 
It  means  the 
triumph  of  mind  over  matter,  and  the 
spiritual  over  the  base  things  of  life. 
May it  not  be the  peaceful  federation  of 
the  world ?  This Canaan  age  of  ours so 
plethoric  with  the  love of  pleasure  will 
pass and  an  era  of  spiritual  values  will 
take  its place. 

I am told that in the British navy  every 
rope,  or  bit  of  cordage,  is  interwoven 
with  a  crimson  thread. 
It is a  declara 
tive  mark,  that  this  is  the  property of 
the  crown.  Let  us shoot  this thread  in 
to every  fabric  we weave and  into every 
house we  build,  so  that  every  brick  in 
the  walls shall  be a dedicated  brick,  and 
every  life  that  goes  out  therefrom  shall 
be a  dedicated  life. 

The church  is one. 

It  is  made  up  of 
the  blood-bought  of  every  name.  You 
are  the  church,  if  so  be, that  you  have 
been  washed  in  this  blood.  You are  to 
be  the  uplifters,  the  saviors  of  men. 
Into  your  hands  is  committed  the  re 
demption  of  the  race.  The vision  is up 
on you,—the call is upon  you,—the  ends 
of  the  earth  are  upon  you.  Lift  your 
eyes to  the  hills!  There  are  high  ideals 
in the hills;  and there is inspiration,  and 
there  is help,  and  there  is  power  there! 
Of  one  thing, my brother,  you  may be 
assured, the  blood  has not lost its  power. 
The sinner  needs  this  blood  as  much  as 
it  was  needed  a  thousand  years  ago. 
God will save men and  He will save you, 
if  you  are  washed  in  this  blood. 

CLASS  DAY  ADDRESS. 

BY  PRES.  G.  H.  ALLEN,  '09. 

It  was  with  varied  feelings  that  I re 
ceived  the  intelligence  from  the  com 
that  I  was 
mittee  on  arrangements 
I  asked 
booked  for  a  talk 
very  humbly  what  I  was  to  talk  on— 
never  having  attended  class  day  exer 
cises in  any  form—and 
they  replied  in 
the  usual stereotyped  form,  "O,  talk  on 
anything." 

this  day. 

Now  I  have  great  ambitions  as  a 
I should  like to give an 
public speaker. 
address  today 
that  would  be  full  of 
pithy  advice;  something  that  would  be 
cherished  in  the  bosom  of  every  '09er 
for  the  remainder  of  his  natural  life, 
but  it  grieves  me  to say  that  I  cannot. 
I  am  too  severely haudicaped,  having 
neither 
tongue  of  Hoopin-
garner  nor  the flow of  thought of  Willie 
Mason. 

the  silver 

Again  I  have  found  that  the  life  of  a 
senior  class president  in  the spring  time 
is not  a  bed  of  roses,  in  fact  it  borders 
on  the  strenuous  when  class  meeting 
occurs  daily  and  committee  meetings 
almost  hourly. 

Today  is  class  day—M.  A.  C.'s  first 
class  day—and  we  are  gathered  here  to 
In  past 
listen  to  the  usual  exercises. 
years  classes graduating  from  this  insti 
tution  have  done  so without  any  of  the 
little  formalities  which  add  so  much  to 
the  occasion,  and  which  are  taken  ad 
vantage  of  by other  institutions,  mak 
ing  a  pleasant  formality  of  graduating 
instead  of  the  cut  and  dried  affair  that 
it  has been  here in  the  past. 

"09 has  taken  the  initiative  in  many 
moves  and  here  again  it  is  our  move. 
We hope  class day  will  be a  success  and 
will  be  seen  regularly  on  programs  in 
years  to come. 

As we  look  back  at  our  four  or  five 
years of  college  life  we  cannot  but  real 
ize  how  much  they  mean  to us.  Many 
have  had  a  hard  fight  of  it  and  the  suc 
cessful completion of their college course 
means the  winning  of  the  hardest  fight 
in  their  lives. 

Some of  us  have  been  sorely  tempted 
to give up  the  fight  at  times,  and  a  few 
have had  to, after  battling  against  over 
whelming  odds.  The  lack  of  the  neces 
sary  where-with-all  is  not  unknown  to 
many  of  us.  Sickness  and  accidents 
play  their  part  in  making  the  college 
career  hard for  some. 

Leaving  that  side  of  our 

However,  we  are  thankful  that  these 
cases are few  and  far  between,  for  there 
are  not  many  colleges  that  have a  more 
healthful  environment  than  ours;  due 
mainly,  I think,  to a moral standard  far 
above  that  of  any  other  institution  of 
its kind.  Some have found  the  prepara 
tion  of  their  lessons extremely  hard,  due 
to  inherent  dullness.  • Such  a  student 
finds  his  life  here  one  long  grind,  and 
to  him  who  graduates  under  these  con 
ditions is due  the  highest  credit  of  any. 
to 
nearly all of  us these have  been  and  will 
continue  to be the most  eventful  days  in 
our  lives.  Here  we  have  developed  our 
formed 
personalities,  here  we  have 
habits,  and  here  we have made  friend 
ships  to  an  extent  that  we never  will  be 
able to  again.  Besides  all  this,  most of 
us have  got  more  downright  pleasure 
out  of  life  while  here  than  it  will  ever 
be our  opportunity  to  have  again.  Col 
lege life,  fraught  as it  is with  its  varied 
activities,  develops  much  good  in  the 
worst  of  us.  So  we  have  much  to  be 
thankful  for. 

life; 

Let  us then  look  back  on  our  stay  at 
M.  A.  C.  and  call to  mind  the  satisfac 
tion  of  beating  Albion  58-10  after  suf 
fering  a defeat—moral  as  well as physi 
cal—of  4-0  from  their  hands  the  year 
before.  Let  us  remember  the  wild joy 
of  beating  Wabash  after  she  had  shat 
tered  the  hopes  of  many  of  the  largest 
colleges in  the  west.  And  above  all  let 
us  remember  the  pleasant  chats  when 
four  or  five  of  the  boys  blew  in—books 
were  pushed  aside—and  all  talked  on 
any  and  every  subject  in  turn  until  the 
night  was well  advanced  and  someone 
would  remark,  "Well,  wife,  let's  go  to 
bed;  the  fellows  want  to  go  home." 
Those  were  pleasant  times  and  will  be 
remembered  long  after  we  have  forgot 
ten  whether we got  a  C  or  an A in  cal 
culus,  dendrology,  ag-chemistry  or  do 
mestic  art,  as the  case  may  be. 

Speaking  of  domestic  art  makes  me 
think  that  I must  give  special  mention 
to  our  '09  girls.  We,  as  a  class,  are 
peculiar  in  the  fact  that  we  have  had 
the  loyal  support  of  our  girls from  start 
to  finish  in everything.  Never  have  we 
had  a  class  meeting  nor  a  class  game 
without  the  little  contingent  from  the 
coop,  and  this  loyalty  on  the  part  of 
the  girls  I  think  has gone a long way  in 
making  us a  class—first  in  class  spirit, 
good  fellowship  among  ourselves,  and 
loyalty  to  our  alma  mater 

relating 

There is a very fine collection of  histor 
ical paintings  in  the  national  capital  at 
Washington;  grand  paintings  of  bat 
tles on  both  land  and  sea,  but  an  entire 
absence  of  anything 
to  the 
giant  civil  war  is  noticeable.  When  a 
guide  was asked  the  reason  for  this  he 
replied,  "That  part  of  our  history  is  to 
be forgotten,"  and  so  I  think  it  should 
be  with  us.  We  have  had  many  and 
some  very  serious  differences  with  the 
faculty,  due  mainly  to  misunderstand 
ings  on  both  sides,  that  took  much  time 
and effort  to straighten out.  Let us  for 

get  that  strife  and  think  only  of  the 
men  who  have  guided  us  through  our 
college  course  as  men  who  have  tried 
always  to  be  fair  and  square  with  us, 
even  when  we did  not  realize  it  at  the 
time.  Let us think of  them as men who 
will  be  glad  to help  us when  we get  out 
in  life,  and  glad to  grasp us by the  hand 
when  we  visit  our  alma  mater. 

We all are  glad  that  '09 is going  away 
from  here  with  the  best  of  good  feeling 
toward  everyone  on the  grounds.  Only 
the  Lansing  papers  have  remained  an 
tagonistic  to us  to  the  bitter  end.  As 
men  their  guiding  spirits  are  beneath 
our  notice,  but  it  gives  us to think  that 
the  Lansing  people  should  be forced  to 
hear  through  an  ear  so  distorted  that  it 
cannot  appreciate  one bit  of  good  in  the 
student-body  here. 

We  are  sorry  to  leave  this  beautiful 
campus  and  pleasant  environment,  but 
we  have  had  our  turn  and  must  now 
make room  for  the  other  classes  follow 
ing  us. 

'09 has had  her  day  and  I  hope we  all 

have  used  it  to its best  advantage. 

Let  us, when  we go out  into the world, 
bring  credit  to  our  alma  mater  and  our 
class. 

CLASS  HISTORY. 

BY  FRANK  E.  WOOD. 

For  five  years  the  class  of  1909  has 
been  a  definite  quantity  in  the  life of 
our  alma  mater.  Freshmen  have  come 
and  seniors  have  gone,  while  1909  has 
been  following  her  orbit  with  the  pre 
cision  of  one  of  the  planets;  yet  her 
passage  has left  an afterglow  which  will 
endure  for  many  a  year  and  tinge 
coming  events  with  kindly  remem 
brance. 

Our  tasks  have  not  been  easy,  but 
comradeship  and  friendly  co-operation 
have  done  much  to  make  their  accom 
plishment  possible and  successful.  Still 
the  work  has  been  hard  and  our  play 
times  few  and  well  earned.  But  play 
times and  hard  work  are  what  make 
history for a class.  Let  dog-eared  books 
and  neatly copied  notes  tell  the  story of 
our  her  ulean  labors,  and  let  what  is 
written  recall only a few of  our  pastimes 
leaving  the  future  to show  the  fruits  of 
honest 
toil  iu  the  record  of  worthy 
achievement. 

The fall  of  1904 saw  the campus  gloom 
dispelled  by  the.  arrival  of a  number  of 
individuals  remarkable,  not  only  for 
their  individuality,  but  also  for  their 
recency.  New  York  and  Oregon, 
Houghton  and  Mexico  and all  between 
gave  them  up—a  glaucous  galaxy  of 
viridescent  hopefuls  willing  to  learn, 
yet  eager 
to  teach—yes,  eager  and 
anxious. 

The  first  thought—a  place to  eat  and 
one  to sleep in,  brought  on  a search  for 
rooms and  board whose close found  most 
of  us  members of  little  groups  scattered 
among  the  homes  in  Collegeville  far 
from  the  "dorms"and  their  hidden  pit 
falls 

Our  class has  always  been  noted  for 
the  boldness and  originality  of  her  mov 
ing  spirits and  the  prep, year was no ex 
ception.  Of  our own  volition  we sought 
to organize into a  body  politic.  Bolder 
than  bold one of  our  number  called  the 
first  class meeting and then,  for  the  first 
time,  we felt the  guidance of  the  kindly 
influence  and  the carpet  heard  our  pre 
rogatives  defined. 

Our  associations  as  a  class  have  not 
been entirely free  from  differences,  both 
as  to  opinion  and  policy;  but,  owing 
either  to  the  diplomacy  of  the  dissent 
ers or  to the fair  mindedness of  the  class 
as a  whole, these  differences  have led  to 
no  open  break.  Our first season of  foot 
ball  caused  the  first  and  only division  in 
the  camp.  At  this  time  the  classifica-

tion  was  so  a r r a n g ed  t h at  it  was  impos 
sible  for  both  engineers  and  ags. to  t e am 
out  at  the  same  t i m e.  Both depart  ments 
had  good  material,  so  both  proceeded  to 
organize  a  football  t e am  designed  to  up 
hold  the  honor  of  t he  class  of  1909 in  t he 
inter-class  series.  The  rivalry  became 
a c u te  and  culminated  in a g a me  between 
t he teams of  t he opposing  factions.  Ow 
ing,  perhaps,  to  t he  feeling 
t h at  Right 
was  fighting  on  their side  (for  surely  t he 
valor  a nd  skill were  not  lacking  in  their 
opponents)  t h e e n g i n e e rs  won,  t h us  clos 
ing  t he  incident  for  good  and  all. 

t h en  on  we  became  a  storage 
From 
imbibing  — 
i m p a r t i ng  — and 
b a t t e r y, 
and  evil,  only 
knowledge  both  good 
pausing  in  the  winter  t e rm  to  adminis 
t er  a  sound  t r o u n c i ng  to  the  freshman 
class  of  1908  on  the  indoor 
It 
must  have  been  a  slight  overcharge  of 
evil  which  led  numerous  preps,  to  par 
ticipate  in  t he  class  rush  d u r i ng  which 
our  beloved  and  respected  Dr.  Marshall 
sad 
became  entangled 
plight,  which  differed 
the  old 
familiar  dilemma  in t h at  the  overwhelm 
ing  waves  were  students. 

in  Pharaoh's 
from 

track. 

This  year  saw  us 

lose  the  final  base 
ball  g a me  in  t he  inter-class  champion 
ship  contest  to  1906 by  a  single  score. 

The  beginning  of  the  freshman  year 
is  of  utmost 
importance  to  a ny  class. 
For  t h en  it  is  t h at  we  receive  an  acces 
sion  in  n u m b e rs  t h at  gives  the  momen 
t um  to  carry  us  through  to  t he  end  with 
colors.  Yes,  t he  four  year  peo 
flying 
ple  were  new  and  this  later  growth  al 
most  brought  back  t he  pristine  viridity 
a nd 
t he 
freshness.  However,  under 
careful 
tutelage  of  worldly  wise  class 
mates  a nd  all-wise  1909  sophomores  be 
c a me  a m a l g a m a t ed  into  one  solid  phal 
a nx  t h at  was  smiled  upon  by  Victory  not 
only  in  trials  of  skill  and  strength  b ut 
in  the  class  rooms  as  well.  W h at  of  it 
t h at  t he  subtle  strains  of,  "Please  go 
insist 
'way  a n'  Let  Ale  Sleep"  buzzed 
ently 
the 
physics  lecture  room,  or  t h at  ' 'gum  ex 
tracted  without  pain"  was  t he  rule  at 
t he  opposite  «nd  of  t he  old  white  brick. 
These  were  mere 
t he  way  to 
spur  us  on  in  a  steady  progress  as  re 
lentless  as  time,  as  unfaltering  as 
t he 
tides.  This  year  saw  us  victors  in  base 
indoors  and  out,  in  basket 
ball,  both 
ball  and  in  t r a ck  meets  in  t he  contests 
In  passing,  it  m i g ht 
between  classes. 
be  well  to  state 
t h at  at  one  t i me  we 
gained  quite  a  reputation  t h r o u gh  our 
soap  eating  propensities. 

the  atmosphere  of 

t h r o u gh 

trifles 

in 

This  year  we  appeared  w i th 

'09  em 
blazoned  in  gold  on  caps  of  t he  postage 
s t a mp  variety,  but,  to  our  chagrin,  pre 
ceded  by  scurrilous  notices  upon 
t he 
sidewalks  of  t he  c a m p us  placed  there  by 
some  n a u g h ty  upper  classman. 

Now  there  occurred  in  this  our  fresh 
m an  year,  a  battle  which  will  doubtless 
go  down  into  history  as  t he  fiercest  ever 
fought  on  the  campus.  So  classic  was 
t he  incident  t h at  it  well  deserves  classic 
language 
is 
w r i t t e n: 

recital.  Thus 

for 

its 

it 

in 

the 

t h at 

Now  it  came  to  pass  in  t he  days  of 
J o n a t h a n,  ruler  of  t he  c o u n t ry  round 
about, 
land 
there  dwelt 
J a m e s,  t he  Arenacite.  Now  J a m es  was 
a  m i g h ty  m an  of  valor,  and  he  was  t he 
son  of  Codie.  Now  this  m an  dwelt 
in 
t he  parcel  of  land  called  Jenison's;  and 
there  were  g a t h e r ed  vain 
to 
J a m es  and 
t h ey  w e nt  out  with  him. 
And  behold,  as  they  went  they  set  up  a 
great  cry  t h at  t he  children  of  1908  were 
t h em  a nd  were  like  to  destroy 
upon 
in 
t h e m.  And 
t he 
t h at  were 
forth 
camps  made  answer  and  came 
together. 
V  So  J a m es  passed  over  u n to  t he  children 
of  1908  to  fight  against  t h e m,  and  he 

^^ 
^B  until  m a ny  were  gathered 

fellows 

those 

^^ 

smote 
from  eight  o'clock  even  until 
eleven.  Now  one  of  t he  e n e my  stood 
forth  a nd  said  u n to  t he  children  of  1909, 

T he  M.  A.  C.  RECORD. 

11 

" W hy  are  ye  come  out  to  set  your  bat 
tle  in  a r r ay  ?  Choose  you  m en  for  you 
and  let  t h em  come  to  wrestle  w i th  other 
m en  w h om  we  shall  choose. 
If  our 
men  prevail  against  your  men,  t h en  ye 
shall  be  our  servants,  b ut  if  your  men 
be  able  to  wrestle  w i th  our  men  and 
throw  them,  t h en  will  we  be  your  ser 
v a n t s ."  And  behold, 
t he  children  of 
1909  were  not  dismayed,  b ut  sent  forth 
four  m i g h ty  men  of  valor 
to  wrestle 
with  four  others  of  t he  enemy  and  be 
hold  t he  victory  was  with  t he  children 
of  J a m e s,  son  of  Codie  and  there  was  re 
joicing  in  t he  camp. 

As  sophomores  we  were  sufficient  un 
to  ourselves  and  also  to  m a ny  first  year 
t r u st  we  were  not  u n d u ly 
men.  We 
harsh  w i th 
t i m es  since  we 
them.  At 
have  almost  t h o u g ht  our  efforts  had  not 
been  sufficiently  strenuous  to  t a me  their 
t h at 
fiery  spirits.  We  all 
struggle  which  occurred  on  t he  drill 
in  a  battle 
grounds. 
royal.  The  fight  was  furious. 
It  raged 
back  and  forth  from  armory  to  faculty 
row.  Victory  was  w i th  t he  victors. 
'09 
decided  the  contest  in  their  own  favor. 

'09  and  '10  met 

r e m e m b er 

This  year  we  fell  short  of  the  football 
championship  in  the  final  g a me  of 
t he 
series  by losing  to t he  famous  1907 aggre 
gation.  However,  t he  fact  t h at  our  t e am 
came  closer  to  crossing  their  goal 
line 
t h an  a ny  other  had  done  was  some  con 
solation. 

Sophomore  s w e a t e r s — o h,  w h at 

fond 
memories  cling  around  them.  The  pur 
ple  and  gold—  a  genuine  feast  of  color 
skillfully  combined 
into  a  harmonious 
whole, well  calculated  to excite t he  envy 
and  provoke  t he  despair  of  classes  above 
a nd  classes  below.  But  they  answered 
t he  purpose,  a nd  we  distinguished  our 
selves  in  their  effulgent  glory. 

the 

U n d er 

leadership  of 
impetuous 
F r a nk  Sweeney,  our  sophomore  year 
passed  all  too  quickly  a nd  its  record  is 
more  fully  shown  in  our  memory  books 
as  party  programs  a nd  soap  shots. 

The  beginning  of  the  J u n i or  year  saw 
Chas.  Taylor  at  the  helm.  He  was  t he 
choice  of  the  class,  for  have  I  not  said 
t h at  diplomacy  was  one  of  the  m a in  at 
t r i b u t es  which  1909  claims  for  herself? 

Our  athletic  teams  were  excellent  and 
we  were  very  near  to  t he  class 
football 
championship  when  Nemesis  overtook 
us  in  t he  form  of  Pat  O'Gara  and  we 
lost  out  in  t he  final  game.  However, 
F o r t u ne  gathered 
four 
successive  class  championships. 

in  t he  first  of 

college 

Now  comes  t he  crowning  t r i u m ph  of 
our 
Junior,  Hop. 
life  — The 
Words  would  fail  to  convey  an  inkling 
t he  combined  effect  of  decoration,  beau 
tiful  music  and  softened  lights.  And  so 
it  seems  best  to  leave  it  to  t he  memories 
of  those  who  were  so  fortunate  as  to  be 
finest,  best  m a n 
present  to  recall 
the 
aged,  and  on  t he  whole 
the  most  suc 
the  Michigan  Agri 
cessful  J  Hop  t h at 
In  passing 
cultural  College  ever  saw. 
it  should  not  be  forgotten  t h at  1909  was 
the 
this  function  in 
Lansing.  The  Hop  itself  was  not  inter 
fered-  with  by  the  other  classes  and  t he 
only  sufferers  were  those  who  roomed 
in  the  dormitories.  These  found 
their 
rooms  stacked  to  perfection. 

first  class  to  hold 

In  t he  spring  we  J u n i o rs  organized 
and  led  one  of  the  most  successful  night 
shirt  parades  ever  seen  here.  The  devil 
and  his  cohorts  were  present 
full 
force  a nd  did  not  hestitate  to  play  their 
hellish  tricks  upon  t he  most  sedate  of 
our  august  faculty. 

in 

For  this,  our  Senior  year,  we  have 
chosen  Gerald,  Mien  to  lead  us.  A nd  a 
worthy  choice it  was.  Amid  t he  vicissi 
t u de  of  successes  and  disappointments 
he  has led  us  as  a  skillful  pilot;  always 
at  the  front  but  ever  watchful  for  t he 
rear.  This  year  has  been  a  busy  one, 
not  merely  on  account  of  our  work,  b ut 
interests  have  so 
because  our  outside 

broadened.  Some of  the fellows  seem  to 
to  master  t he  home 
have  been  t r y i ng 
this  one  year. 
economics  course 
W h e t h er  they  did  so or  not  remains 
to 
be  seen. 

in 

in  adjusting  ourselves 

The  fall  t e rm  was  spent  for  the  most 
to  new 
part, 
responsibilities.  However,  we  took  t i me 
to  gather  in  t he  second  successive  class 
championship  through  t he  good  work  of 
the  best balanced  class football  team  ever 
seen  on  the  campus.  The  w i n t er  t e rm 
saw  us  victors,  for  our  basket  ball  t e am 
wrested 
the 
Juniors.  The  battle  was  fast  and  furi 
ous  but  our  team  was  invincible.  The 
tennis  championship  in  t he  spring  t e rm 
successive  class 
rounded 
championships  for  1909,  a  record  which 
will  stand  untouched  for  years  to  come. 

championship 

from 

four 

out 

t he 

We are  all  familiar  with  the  m a t t er  of 
t he  senior  party,  which  was  projected 
for  the  winter  term,  and  its  ludicrous 
b ut  untimely  end.  The  following  has 
been  suggested  as  a  fitting 
theme  for  a 
most  touching  ballad:  Did  the  Social 
Committee  Rise ?  or  W ho  was  Fooling 
t he  teacher ? 

The  events  of  this  t e rm  are  too  recent 
and  perhaps  too  painful  to  record  here. 
They  may  be  recorded 
future 
when  t i me  has  softened  t he  high  lights 
and  shadows,  b ut  still,  Lethe is a  blessed 
stream. 

t he 

in 

As  a  class  we  have  stood 

together 
through 
thin,  not 
thick  and  t h r o u gh 
only  for  ourselves,  b ut  for  our  alma  ma 
ter.  No  m a t er  w h at  phase  of  her  life 
c a me  within  our  sphere,  we  have  given 
the  best  we  had.  The  men  of  1909  have 
m a de  enviable  records  for  our  college. 
They  have  composed  t he  w i n n i ng  debat 
three 
ing  team,  wholly  or  in  part,  for 
in 
years.  They  have  been  the  leaders 
M.  A.  C.'s  athletics  almost 
the 
first.  Time  does not  permit  me  to  men 
tion  names  or  events,  but  we  feel  confi 
in 
dent  t h at  our  a l ma  m a t er  a nd  her 
terests  have  always  been  first. 

from 

Thus  closes  t he  opening  chapters  of 
t he  history of  t he  class  of  1909.  Let  t he 
years to come  be as  happy,  if  not  as  care 
free,  as  those  gone  by  have  been,  and  let 
none  forget  his  alma  mater.  Let  us  re 
member  t h at  in  honoring  her  we  shall 
be  honoring  ourselves,  and 
in 
honoring  ourselves  we  shall  honor  her. 

that 

PROPHECY. 

Scene,  Dean's  office  in  a  woman's  col 

lege.  Time,  J u n e,  1929. 

(Reads.) 

Enter  dean  w i th  telegram. 
telegram  I  have  re 
E d . — T he 
fifth 
I  wonder  whom  can  this 
ceived  today. 
"Delayed  in  Ann 
be  from. 
tomorrow.  H.  L. 
Arbor.  Will  arrive 
I  wonder  w h at  could  have 
Kempster." 
detained  him. 
1 looked  for  him  all  day 
yesterday  and  he didn't  come.  But  t h at 
is j u st  like  H a r r y.  You  never  could  tell 
I  remember 
w h at 
to  expect  of  him. 
a  queer  custom  he  used 
to  have.  He 
had  pictures  of  all  his  old  girls,  and 
every  time  one  of  t h em  got  engaged  he 
put  her  picture  up  on  t he  mantel,  till 
finally  he  had  t h em  all  up.  But  I  hear 
t h at 
and 
later  a  new  one  appeared, 
H a r ry  was  very  happy  when  he  put  t h at 
one  up. 

(Reads.) 

I t d o e s n 't 
" J u ne  23,1929." 
seem  t w e n ty  years  since  we  were  back 
at  M  A.  C.  as  students. 
It  will  seem 
good  to  meet  and  talk  over  those  old 
I  saw  H a r ry  for  a  few  m i n u t es 
times. 
t he 
last  m o n th  at  our  anniversary  at 
t he  college,  but  we  didn't  have  time  for 
I  wonder  when  he  will 
any  visit  at  all. 
If  he  comes  today,  he  should 
arrive. 
be  here  by  now. 
I  wonder  if 
t h at  is  he. 

(Ring.) 

t i me  finding 

here.  Say,  it  seems  good  to  see  you. 
this  place 
Had  an  awful 
H u n t i ng  up  this  girls'  school  is j u st  like 
finding  girls  used  to  be  at  M.  A.  C. 
It 
was  a  long  weary  road.  And  this  is  t he 
first 
suppose  I  will  have  to  be careful  around 
here. 

time  I  ever  called  on  t he  dean. 

Ed.—What  happened  to  you  ?  I  looked 
for  you  all  day  yesterday. 
I  was  enter 
t a i n i ng  Grace  Martin.  She  lectured  at 
t he  auditorium  last  night  on  t he  subject, 
"Married  Men  I  H a ve  Met."  And  Myrta 
too.  She  a nd  her  husband 
was  here 
for 
stopped  here 
t h ey 
the  day,  but 
couldn't  stay 
longer.  You  see  straw 
berry  season  is  now  on,  and  Floyd  had 
to  h u r ry  back  to  the  farm.  They  were 
so  sorry  not  to  see  you. 

K.—Well  Ed.—Miss  Hudson. 

I  was 
sorry  not  to  be  able  to  be  here,  but  I 
stopped  over  in  A nn  Arbor  to  a t t e nd 
If  it  had  come  off  as 
Ingal's  wedding. 
scheduled 
it  all 
right,  but  old  Ding,  failed  to  show  up  at 
t he  appointed 
time  and  when  Bignell, 
t he  best  man,  h u n t ed  h im  up  he  had 
j u st  started  shaving.  That  is  w hy  I  am 
late. 

I  would  have  made 

Ed.—Ingal 

j u st  married?  W h y, 

I 
t h o u g ht  he  was  to  be  married  right  after 
we  graduated. 

K.—O  well,  he  has  j u st  got  around  to 

it. 

Ed.—Were 

t h e re  a ny  other  M.  A.  C. 

people  at  t he  wedding? 

K . — W hy  yes.  You  remember  Nick 
Carter?  Well,  sir, 
t he  r e v e r e n d.  Nick 
tied  t he  knot,  and  he  did  a  good  job, 
too. 

Ed.—Carter  a  minister!  Well 

isn't 

t h at  strange? 

K.—Well  rather.  Myron  Ashley  was 
there,  too.  That  old  bald  head  of  his 
showed  up  in  t he  distance.  You  see  it 
has  been  a  long  time  since  Myron  p ut 
aside  sentimental  reasons  entirely,  and 
t he  poor  fellow  shows  it  all  the  t i m e. 
too. 
Alem  J o hn  H u t c h i ns  was  there, 
He  was  master  of  ceremonies,  and 
lie 
showed  by  the  clever  way  in  which  he 
performed  his  duties  t h at  he  had  been 
through  t he  mill. 
John  has  got  to  be  a 
great  m an  now.  His  fame  as  a  scien 
tific  investigator  of  the  cause  marriage 
has gone all over Southern  Michigan,  and 
no  doubt  he  has  solved  it  to  his  own  sat 
isfaction. 
there, 
Geo.  H u b b a rd 
too.  He  and  Bennie  Roberts  acted  as 
ushers.  We  had  an  M.  A.  C.  meeting 
after  the  happy  pair,  amid  showers  and 
shoes,  made  their  way  to  their  future 
resting  place.  Say,  who do  you  suppose 
I  saw  in  Detroit  on  my  way  through? 

.was 

Ed.—The  Aliens? 
K.—No. 

I  stopped 

there,  but 

they 
weren't  at  home.  But  as  I  was  coming 
down  Harper  Ave.  w h at  should 
I  see 
coming  down  t he  street  but  a  circus 
parade,  and  I'll  be  hanged—I  beg  your 
parden,  I  m e a nt 
jiggered—no! 
n o!  no!  Well  at  any  r a te  I  saw  Eddie 
Hulett  leading  Bailey's  band. 

I'll  be 

Ed.—Yes,  I  k n ew  he  was  connected 
I 
t h at  Bailey's  aggregation,  b ut 
with 
I 
t he  Aliens. 
was  f o r t u n a te  in  finding 
t he 
called  t h e re  on  my  way  back  from 
college  anniversary  last  month.  Mary 
is  very  busy  delivering  a  series  of  lec 
tures  on  '  Wild  Birds  I  Saw  During  My 
T r a m p s ."  She  gained  a  great  interest 
in  t h at  work  under  Prof,  Myres  d u r i ng 
t he  spring  term  of  her  senior  year.  And 
Flossie. 
I  visited  her,  too.  They  have 
the  prettiest  home,  and  are  so  happy. 
Flossie  is  always  r u n n i ng  up  to  Charlie 
and  saying,  "O  Charlie,  aren't  you  glad-
you're 
living?"  But  Flossie  says  she 
still  loves  all  the  seniors.  You  didn't 
see  much  of  the  girls  at  M.  A.  C.  at  t he 
annivesary  did  you?  But  you 
surely 
saw  t he  cross  country  run? 

Well,  Harry,  you  finally  arrived. 

I'm 

so  glad  to  see  you. 

K.  — Hello!  Ed.  Yes, 

I 

finally  got 

K.—O  yes I saw  t h a t.  W a s n 't  it  comi 
in  after 
line? 

cal  how  K a te  came 
Mary  and  Alleen  had  crossed  t he 

trailing 

12 

T he  M.  A.  C.  RECORD. 

I  p r e s u me  K a t e 's  corn  h u rt  her  some 
t h i ng  fierce—I  should  say  considerable. 
Ed.—It  was  a m u s i n g,  to  say  t he  least, 
b ut  I  suppose  t he  climate  did  not  agree 
with  K a te  after  living  out  west.  And 
t he  men  m i g ht  have  made  a  difference, 
I  u n d e r s t a nd  there  are  no  men  al 
too. 
lowed  on  their reservation.  Bertha  was 
there, 
t he 
t i me  about  their  girls  down  there.  She 
says  Koch's  school  for  girls  is  a  g r a nd 
success.  She  is  head  of  the  bacteriol 
ogy  department. 

talking  all 

She  was 

too. 

t h at 

Jim, 

read 

I  can. 

K.—Is  t h at  right? 

I  h a ve  lost  t r a ck 
of  t he  girls,  but  I  have  done  better  with 
t h at  Holcad 
t he  boys.  Did  you  see 
It  was 
article  about  J a m es  McCadie? 
t he  one 
'-Pres. 
like  t h i s: 
J a m es  McCadie  of  Wellesley  responded 
to  a toast  at  the  1929  banquet  on  'Fresh 
m en  Girls.' 
like  Glenn  Gilbert 
says  he  loves  all  freshmen  girls.  Say, 
I  mean  Miss  Hudson,  you  remem 
Ed 
ber  Claude  Nash,  don't  you? 
It 
seems  but  yesterday  since  we  were  in 
I  can  remember  how 
college  together. 
he  said  he  would 
like  to  be  speaker  of 
t he  house  some  d a y;  w h e re  do  you  sup 
pose  he  is  now? 
is  funny—I  m e an 
It 
queer—No,  n o;  strange  how  some  times 
t h i n gs 
the  opposite  to 
j u st 
w h at  you  expect.  Claude  is  living  on 
a  forty  acre  farm  down  near  Flint  now, 
a nd  his  wife  she  is  speaker  of  t he  house, 
even  if  he  does  h a te  to  leave  her.  T h at 
was  another  feature  of  the  anniversary. 
Ed.—The  girls were  telling  t h at  at  t he 
spread.  You  didn't  hear  about  t h at  did 
you?  We  had  it  in  K a t e 's  and  Myrta's 
old 
room.  Olive  engaged  it  for  us  be 
forehand,  because  she  is  t he  only  one 
near  there. 
I  wonder  if  she  will  ever 
I  don't  believe 
leave  t he  English  Dept. 
they  could  spare  her,  a nd  I  don't  believe 
she  would  care  to  leave. 

t u rn  out 

Ed.—O,'  well,  since 

K—  English Dept?  W hy  I t h o u g ht  she 
was connected  with  t he  Economics  Dept. 
they  both  use  the 
same  office  it  doesn't  make  a ny  differ 
t i me  at  t he 
ence.  We  had  a  splendid 
spread.  A  regular  old  fashioned 
time. 
It  didn't  seem  we  had  been  teachers  for 
so  m a ny  years,  and  especially  heads  of 
d e p a r t m e n t s. 
I  guess  we  didn't  show 
it  by  our  actions.  Alleen  didn't. 

K.—Alleen  there,  too? 
Ed. —Yes.  She  drove 

in  with  a  rig 
from  Hamilton.  She  had  an  excuse  for 
being  late  t h at  time. 
K — H a m i l t on  ? 

Ed.—Yes.  Didn't  you  know  she  lived 

there? 

K.—No.  How  long  since? 
Ed.—Nearly  ever  since  she  graduated 
from  college.  E t h l yn  could  hardly  get 
t h e re  at  all.  She  had  to  attend  Pres. 
Bill  E d w a r d s'  g r a nd  ball  t he  evening 
before  and  h a d n 't  gotten over  t he  effects 
of  it  yet.  That  is  w h at  one  gets  for  go 
I  w a rn  my  girls 
ing  in  high  society. 
every  day 
it,  b ut  they 
regard 
don't  seem  to  appreciate  all  the  trouble 
they  would  save  if  they  would 
follow 
my  advice. 

in 

to 

t he 

into 

K— So  E t h l yn  has  been 

last 
k n ew  she  would  make  a  hit 
society  where 
t h i ng  doing. 

received  at 
four  hundred?  Well  I 
in  high 
there  was  always  some 

Ed.  You  ought  to  have  seen  Helen. 
She  acted  t he  least  like  an  old  person  of 
any'of  t he  crowd,  and  she  said  she  had 
a  dilly  time. 
It  seemed  so  good  to  have 
t he  b u n ch  together  again. 

K—  T h at  is  j u st  like  Helen.  She  al 

w a ys  would. 

Ed.—Would  ?  I  should  say  she  would, 
even  if  there  were  three  fellows  around. 
K.—Speaking  of  Helen  m a k es  me 
Poor  old 
think  of  Nelson  H u b b a r d. 
Hub. 
to  see  him-  t he 
I  called  around 
other  day.  He  is  a  lonely  old  bachelor 
now.  You  see  H ub  in  his  younger  days 
was  always  so  generous  w i th  his  girls. 
He  was  always  letting  the  fellows  go 

down  and  see  his  girl.  And  one  day  he 
woke  up  to  the  fact  t h at  too  m u ch  gen 
erosity  don't  pay. 
H ub  does  for  canoeing  now. 

I  don't  know  w h at 

Ed. — Speaking  of  players,  our  class 
came  in  for  its  share.  You  remember 
Leta  H y de ? 

K.—Of  course. 

Is  she  in  t h at  sort  of 

opportunity  he  got  he  would  r un  r i g ht 
up  to  it  in  order  to  Pet 

it. 

Ed.—By  the  way,  what  time  is  it? 
K.—A  q u a r t er  after  seven. 

Ed.—Tisn't  often  you  find  a  m an  as 

business,  too ? 

generous  as  t h a t. 
•  K.—No.  But  Reese  Taylor  w e nt  one 
better  t h an  t h a t.  Reese  had  such  good 
luck  in  helping  girls  to get  engaged  t h at 
he  conceived  t he  idea  of  m a n a g i ng  a 
matrimonial  bureau.  W h at  an  interest 
ing  life  work. 
the  happy 
homes  he  has  caused  to  exist.  Think  of 
t he  m a ny  bashful  boys  he  has  nerved  up 
to  t he  proper  stage  so  t h at  t he  asking 
was  a  cinch.  Think  of  all  t he  demure 
damsels  dancing  delightfully  over 
t he 
landed  a 
fact  t h at 
m a n. 

t h ey  have  at  last 

Think  of 

Ed.—Well,  Chan  Taylor  wasn't  t h at 

kind. 

K.—I  should  say not.  Chan  is  m a k i ng 
good,  though.  He  has  a  great  reputa 
tion  now.  His  book  on  " W h at  to  Feed 
t he  P i g ,"  has  caused  m u ch  comment. 
Chan  gained  considerable  interest  along 
t h at  line  while  at  college,  and  his  work 
is  no doubt  the result  of  careful  research 
a nd  study.  His  nearest  neighbor 
is 
Dub  Emery,  who  has  followed  Chan's 
example  and  is  living  on  a  farm  at  Al 
bion. 

Ed.—Well  isn't  Ray  Burroughs  on  a 

f a rm  too ? 

K.—I  t h i nk  so. 
Ed.—I  u n d e r s t a nd  t h at  since  prohibi 
tion  has  been  p ut  on  tobacco  he  has 
started  up  a  mullen  plantation.  And 
McDevit,  too.  He  wasn't  noted  for  his 
generosity  along  t h at  line.  As  an  old 
German  professor  of  mine  used  to  say, 
" He  knew  Vedder  he  w a n t ed  her  -or 
not." 

K.—Yes,  we  could  all  see  t h a t.  A nd 
there  was  Bill  Frazer, 
it 
come  to  generosity  in  regard  to  his  girl, 
Bill  d i d n 't  know  w h at  t h at  was,  even  if 
he  did  give  a w ay  his  society  pin  d u r i ng 
t he  spring  t e rm  of  his  senior  year. 

too.  W h en 

Ed.—Bill  Frazer?  Did  you hear  about 
little  Bill  ?  They  say  he  is  the  cham 
pion  quarter  at  Yale.  He  has the  atten 
tion  of  t he  sporting  world  at  present. 
He  has  always  been  a  source  of  delight 
to  Shirley,  and  his father,  too, who  don't 
hesitate  to  tell  about  how  they  used  to 
t he 
do  t h i n gs  at  old  M.  A.  C.  back  in 
days  of  1908 and  '09. 

remember 

K.—O,  well,  here  w as  one  good  t h i ng 
about  Bill.  He  would  never let  you  fuss 
In fact  he  would  never  let  you 
Shirley. 
I 
do  a  t h i ng  if  he  could  do  it  himself. 
can 
how  Charlie  Oviatt 
c a u g ht  it  once  for  b u t t i ng in down  there. 
But  he  has  since  m a de  peace  with  the 
Frazers.  T h at  is  peace  part  of  t he  time. 
Ed.  —Poor  Charlie.  You  remember 
t h at  we 
t he 

how  we  had 
w o u l d n 't  say  m u ch  about  h im  in 
prophecy. 

to  assure  h im 

K.  — And  Ding  Allen was afraid  of  us, 
too.  Hasn't  Gerald  made  good  though  ? 
Ed.—His  d a u g h t er  is  one  of  my  girls, 
least  bit  h a u g h t y, 
a nd  she  is  not  t he 
even  if  her  father 
t he 
is  secretary  of 
treasury.  Oh,  by  t he  way,  Huber  P r a tt 
stopped  at  t he  college  t he  other  day. 

K.— H u b er  P r a t t? 
Ed.—Yes,  you  remember  him.  He  was 
a g e nt  for  a  cap  a nd  gown  firm,  a nd  his 
convincing  a r g u m e n ts  almost  persuad 
ed  the  girls  to  adopt  them,  b ut  the  girls 
all  t h o u g ht 
the 
t h ey  would 
girls  at  E m e ry  College  so  t h ey  voted 
t h em  down.  He  said  he  had  j u st  sold 
an  outfit  to  Postiff  and  S p u r w ay  to  be 
their  vaudeville  work.  They 
used  in 
were  t he  hit  of  t he  season  at  Baird's  all 
last  y e ar  in  their  play,  " In  t he  Lime 
light  at  our  American  College." 

look 

like 

K.  — Postiff  and  S p u r w ay  in  vaude 
ville  after  t he  hit  of  last  year  ?  Well, 
S p u r w ay  always  had  a  h a n k e r i ng  — I 
m e an  a  desire  for  t h at  sort  of  business 
while  at  college. 

Ed.—Yes,  I  saw  her  in  Paris,  starring 

in  grand  opera.  She  was  t he  hit  of 
I  should  say  she  was  a  g r a nd  success 
there.  No  doubt  she  will  be  able  to  de 
cide  on  who  she  w a n ts  for  a  husband 
before  long. 

K.—Isn't  Alice  Latson  abroad,  too ? 

Ed:—Why  yes.  She  is  head  of 

t he 
chemical  d e p a r t m e nt  at  Strassfurtburg. 
She  has  already  m a de  i m p o r t a nt  investi 
gations  which  have  rendered  valuable 
But 
to  t he  scientific  world. 
service 
I  understand  t h at  of  late  she  is  paying 
more  a t t e n t i on 
to  a  certain  chemist 
t h an  to  chemistry. 

t he 

scattered 

bunch  have 

K.—Well,  who  would  have 

t h o u g ht 
t h at  of  Alice?  Say,  it  does  beat  all  how 
all 
and 
w h at  they  are  all  doing,  too?  There  is 
J a ke  Welles.  His  fame  as  an  originator 
of  an  entirely  new  breed  of  cattle  has 
gone  all  over  t he  country  and  m a de  t he 
n a me  of Welles  famous.  And  Burr  Pratt. 
He  is  a second  Burbank. 
I hear  t h at  he 
has  been  successful 
in  originating  an 
entirely  new  v a r i e ty  of  Canada  thistle. 
I  saw  Burr  in  Benton  Harbor  t he  other 
day.  He  was  so  excited  he  didn't  know-
where  he  was  at.  He  h ad  a  telegram  in 
to  his 
his  h a nd  which  had  been  sent 
firm. 
let 
It  read  like  t h i s: 
It  was  signed  " S a m ,"  and 
h im  come." 
he  went  in  a  h u r r y.  -

"O  please 

Ed.—Yes,  a nd  W a l t er  Moss,  He  has 
come  to  be  a  second  Hobson.  Every 
where  he  goes  t he  girls  a re  endeavoring 
to  kiss  him  like  t h ey  used  to  kiss  Hob-
son.  Moss  was  always  a  ladies'  man,  so 
he  will  be  right  in  line  there. 

K.—Stacy  Fisher.  N o b o dy 

ever 
t h o u g ht  he  would  be  a  prof,  in  astron 
in  ora 
omy.  Or  Hoopingarner  prof, 
t o r y, 

Ed.—And  Amos  Crosby.  All  his 

children  are  Howell  ing  successes. 

K—  And  Charlie  Edwards.  All  t he 
missionary  publications  of  the  c o u n t ry 
are  filled  with  good  reports  in  regard  to 
t he  wonderful  work  Charlie  is  doing  to 
those  dear  little  "  Filipinos." 

t he 

Ed.—Did  you  hear 

latest  about 
Willie  Mason  ?  For  almost  t w e n ty  years 
he  has  had  charge  of  t he  school  for  deaf 
and  dumb,  b ut  his  longing  for  an  oppor 
t u n i ty  to  devote  his  energies  to  a  sphere 
of  unlimited  usefulness  for  more  devout 
things  has  caused  him  to  make  arrange 
ments  to  join  Verne  Perkins  and  Red 
Dickson  in  t he  missionary  field. 

K.—Les  Belknap  beats  t h em  all.  A 
'  n u m b er  of  us  were  at  t he  exposition  at 
through 
Denver.  As  we  were  walking 
t he  nursery  department,  where  t he  peo 
ple  check  their  children  for 
t he  day, 
who  should  we  find 
in  charge  but  Les 
Belknap.  Never  saw  Les happier  in  my 
life.  He  was  so  proud  of  his 
whole 
little  nephew,  Leon's  youngest.  Every 

Ed.—Well  I  promised 

to  chaperone 
t he  girls  and 
friends  at  Prof. 
Mitchell's  dancing  a c a d e my  this  even 
ing. 

I  m u st  dress  for  it  before  long. 

their 

K.—What,  Mitchell  still  e n t e r t a i n i ng 

deans  at  dancing  parties. 

Ed.—Why  certainly.  You  had  better 
come  along.  He  will  certainly  "be  glad 
to  see  you. 

K—O—well—O  I  will  bej.glad  to  go 
I  wonder  if  he  will  have 
favor 

Miss  Hudson. 
a ny  d a rk  dances.  He  used  to 
t h em  at  college. 

Ed.—If  you  will  excuse  me  I'll  go  and 
J u st  m a ke  yourself  at  home. 
(Exit.) 

get  ready. 
I  will  be  back  in  a  short  time. 

in  for 

is  and  what 

K — W e ll  I  suppose  I  am 

it. 
H a v e n 't  had  such  a  talk  for  a long  time. 
Makes  a  fellow 
j u st  sort  of  stop  and 
t h i nk  where  he  is  at,  and  where  all  t he 
b u n ch 
they  are  doing. 
Last  I  h e a rd  of  V a u g hn  Tanner,  he  w as 
fussing  a  new  girl  at  Pine  Lake,  and  Al 
Sobey  was  keeping  him  close  company. 
And  Garcie  h a d n 't  yet  made  up  his 
m i nd  which  of  t he  American  girls  he 
wanted. 

W o u l d nt  it  seem  good  to  see  Charlie 
Oviatt,  Big  Nick,  Curley  K u r t s,  Lee 
Boyd,  a nd  all  those  old  boys  once  more. 
It  was  a  great  old  bunch  we  had  back 
at  M.  A.  C.,  a nd  w h en  I  t h i nk  of  all 
they  have  done  since  they  left  old  M.  A. 
C.  I  can't  help  but  feel  proud 
t h at  I 
was  one  of  t h e m. 

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