m* 5n. a ©. & ecor A VOLUME 2. LANSING, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, APRIL 27.1897. NUMBER 16. B a n q u et to ' 9 7. to The banquet given t he Senior Class, by President and Mrs. Snyder last F r i d ay evening, proved to be one of the most delightful social events of the year. At 7:45 the guests were assembled in the dining room, Dr. E d w a r ds being given the seat of honor as toastmaster of the evening. The class received a delightful sur prise in finding the tables decorated in their class colors, heliotrope and lemon yellow, the decorations being Marechal Niel roses and heliotrope. After "Adam, t he banquet Dr. E d w a r ds in his inimitable way introduced the first toast and, though he assured us he felt out of place and very much frightened, his ease afterward allayed our fears. The first toast, "Agriculture," was re He had sponded to by Mr. Fulton. chosen for his m o t t o: still may we labor; still to dress this gar den; still to tend plant, herb, and flow He expressed t he feeling of a er." large number of people in a quotation from Charles Dudley W a r n e r: "Bles sed be agriculture, if one does not have too much of it." But of a still larger class he expressed the feelings when he spoke of farming had advance made on account of new inventions and improved methods, and advance farmers as a class had made in intel Some amuse lectual developments. ment was created when he gave us a mental picture of a '97 graduate on a F r om his description we have farm. no difficulty imagining our hero feeding to his stock the proper a m o u nt of proteid, fat, and carbohydrate re quired to give best results. the the in The n e xt toast, " T he Social Spirit of '97," was ably responded to by Miss the Champion. Her description of class of '97 was so ludicrous we think she must have painted the picture from real life. She assured us t h at the class in a social way was a unit. But by way of amending this last, she spoke of anyone acquainted with t he class of '97 could not have failed to be impressed, name ly, t h at though their hearts beat as one they possessed more single thought. something with which than a . Mr. P a r k er was to have responded to t he toast, "Some Historical Notes," but on account of his absence our worthy t o a s t m a s t er in, shall we say spirit of revenge, called on Mr. Amos as a mar ried m an to give an impromptu speech. Though t a k en unawares Mr. Amos ac quitted himself admirably. The next toast, "Our Success," was appropriately introduced by the oft-re peated quotation, "Of all sad words of tongue or pen, the saddest are these: It might have been." Mr. Goodwin assured us t h at the above did not refer to the class of '97. His regret in re gard to the failure of the class to per form their duty to certain members of the class was touching in the extreme. the toast, "Sewing on Suspender B u t t o n s ," succeeded very well evading any m e n t i on of t he above named subject.- His surmise t h at t he next toast would be a good one was correct; and when Mr. Sanderson had given his response to " T he Twentieth Century," we saw M. A. C. transformed into an immense university with n u m e r o us new labora tories, etc. Athletic sports had taken Mr. H e r r m a n n, in response to in their proper place as t he most impor t a nt branch in t he College curriculum. His picture of a sign on the Armory announcing t h at t he band holds (Band- holtz) its meeting at 6 a. m. was pe culiarly apt, as it was afterward an nounced t h at it would enable t he Sen iors to be awakened in time for Chapel. in closing gave some in which he wished everything for the future suc L. E. M. cess of the Class of '97. President Snyder informal r e m a r ks Senior O r a t i o n s. It is desired t h at seniors observe t he following schedule of dates for the pre sentation of orations in chapel during the present t e r m: April 26, H. A. Dibble; 27, H. A. H a g a d o r n; 28, E. H. Sedgwick; 29, D. J. Hale; 30, E. A*. Robinson. May 3, Miss May Baker; 4, S. J. Red- fern; 5, H. A. Dibble; 6, W. G. Amos; 7, J. E. Elliott; 10, G. N. E a s t m a n; 11, W. R. Goodwin, 12, H. W. H a r t; 13, C. F. H e r r m a n n; 14, H. A. H a g a d o r n; 17, E. A. Robinson; 18, Miss Sadie Champion; 19, Miss May Baker; 20, W. G. Amos; 21, I. L. Simmons; 24, H. A. Dibble; 25, G. N. E a s t m a n; 26, H. E. Van N o r m a n; 27, J. A. Elliott; 28, H. W. H a r t; 31, E. A. Robinson. J u ne 1, W. R. Goodwin; 2, W. G. Amos; 3, Miss May Baker; 4, H. A. Dibble; 7, I. L. Simmons; 8, C. B. Lait- 10, W. G. 9, E. D. Sanderson; ner; Amos; 11, G. N. E a s t m a n. All orations should be presented for corrections at least one week before the date of delivery. It will be nec essary t h at students present their ora tions at since only three days of the term remain un- taken. information can be had from the teacher in charge of the work. W. 0. HEDRICK. designated, the time F u r t h er Prof. S m i t h 's L e c t u r e- Unsolved P r o b l e m s. The first lecture of the term in the Y. M. C. A. course was given Friday evening by Prof. C. D. Smith. Anyone who h as heard Prof. Smith lecture will appreciate the futility of attempting to impart his personality to a written re port. The good things he says are so interspersed with flashes of wit and touches of pathos t h at one must hear to appreciate. The future of the laboring classes is one of the most perplexing problems. In the North improved machinery is taking the place of the laboring man. Each generation finds itself in posses sion of the accumulated wealth, knowl edge and inventions of the preceding generation; it also falls heir to many of its unsolved problems. In t he South the slavery problem is still unsolved. But you say "The civil war"—the civil war did not settle the slavery question; it was but one step toward settlement. W h at shall be done increase of to prevent the alarming lawlessness in the South—the hundreds of lynchings? We have in the South three classes, whites, poor whites and negroes; and it is with the negroes t h at come the most perplexing problems. But why are there more negroes in the South t h an in the ^ o r t h? Because it paid to keep slaves in the South and did not in the North. While the people of one section gradu ally worked away from slavery, those in the other, at first gradually, and after t he invention of t he cotton gin in 1793 j a p i d l y, worked into it. The econ omic effect on t he South was not good; it remained agricultural; it did n ot de velop its other resources. The war came, slaves were freed, but the blacks still remained, improvident, uneducated, helpless. The old masters felt it their moral responsibility to care for t he physical welfare of those who had been their slaves. Asked why they improved n o r t h e rn do n ot introduce machinery, these masters reply " W h at will our negroes do? They a re here and If we do our w o rk with must live. machinery they will have n o t h i ng to them do, and they cannot care for selves." And so we find the South con fronted with t he same problem t h at confronts us; they are 50 years behind us, it is true, b ut a re facing t he same way—machinery or labor, which? back to life, We must not be discouraged. Our n a tion h as long been paralyzed on one side; and now, as t h at side is slowly t h e re comes a coming tingling sensation like t h at which is felt when an a rm h as been asleep and sensation begins to return. The pain almost makes us wish t h at sensation would not return. But something must be done. We must adhere to the idea t h at the public conscience will no longer submit to the frequent lynchings or to rhe petty annoyances the negro has always been a victim. Ad vancement, however slowly it comes, must come influence of public opinion and t he enlightening in fluences of education. to which t h r o u gh the An I n s p i r a t i on to S t u d e n t s. Every student in College should have heard the inspiring chapel talk given by Hon. A. C. Bird, '83, last Friday morning. He said t h at during the past two and a half years his newspaper work had led him to ask college graduates a se ries of questions. One of these ques tions was "Do you often visit your alma m a t e r; if so, w h y ?" To t he first part of this question most all answered "Yes, as often as possible." To t he second part a variety of answers were given, but the most common was " To get renewed inspiration for my work." There seems to be encouragement in getting back and looking into student college the going faces, grounds and, most of all, in looking into the faces and s h a k i ng the hands of t he faculty, who have done so much for us. over in Another question was, " W h at do you most regret in connection with your college course?" To this there was but one answer, " T h at I did not better improve the opportunities offered me." No m a t t er how poor or how good a student a m an was, when he gets to dealing with the cold facts of a busi ness life he finds reason to regret neg lected college opportunities. m an ever regrets the time spent in col lege; no m an regrets t h at he took the The instance was cited full course. leading of the cashier of one of the b a n ks of Detroit, a very successful business man, who left M. A. C. at t he end of his sophomore year to accept a N o t w i t h s t a n d i ng his good position. success, he considers t he greatest mistake of his life t h at he did not re main in college for t he full course. But no it Mr. Bird concluded with w a rm words of praise for the student who works his way t h r o u gh college and then goes out into the world to be an inspiration to his fellowmen for a higher and broad er intellectual and moral life. B o t a n i z i ng in California. Will Cannon, with '93, who is a stu dent of Stanford University, writes from Palo Alto, California, a very in teresting describing his expe riences during the spring vacation. We take the liberty of quoting portions of the letter. letter to "Monday I determined to begin collect grasses, even if I had no wheel and had to rent one whenever it would be necessary to get about in collecting; accordingly, I started Tuesday for the mountains to collect from study. and rest "The m o u n t a i ns west of here, about eight miles away, r un parallel to t he coast. They present an even and regu lar side to the valley but r un out in m a ny wooded spurs and deep ravines to the ocean. T he 'greasers' and Por tuguese live on the lower seaward side, where they raise cattle, chop wood, work in t he lumber camps, fight, drink much whiskey, and die. The roads wind up and down the ravines or t he ridges, r u n n i ng from one small town or hotel to another; and trails make short cuts t h r o u gh woods a nd ranches, skirting steep places or tumbling pell- mell down into rocky gulches. t r a m p i ng "This is much the sensation t h at one from for miles receives t h r o u gh these mountains. Of course, there is t he sea t h at rolls its white breakers on t he shore miles way and below you, and the occasional white specks which you are made to believe are boats, and this lovely valley which greets you in different vistas, full of trees and towns, and t he San F r a n c i s co Bay, and t he Mt. Hamilton range. You remember with longing the rich cream at some rancher's or the chick en at King's (hotel), b ut after all it is the un-American Spaniard with his long leather s t i r r u ps and black face, and t he woods and trails t h at impress you most. roads and "Tuesday I went to King's Summit. This is 14 2-5 miles according to the bicyclists, who have ridden to the base of the m o u n t a in and 'led' their wheels I made it shorter by up the grade. in a corner I lunched trails. t a k i ng of t he m o u n t a in road where a noisy stream leaps rocks and fills gullies to r un out again long wooden trough leads water to t he horse The trough in the bend of t he road. water was so cool and p u r e! By four o'clock I had reached the hotel and en gaged room and meals. and on, and a " T h at evening the sunset was most The sun w e nt down in t he imposing. few bars of a distant sea behind clouds. The deep wooded gulch s a nk at first gradually and then, as t he sun quite disappeared, twi into The owls below light and darkness. began to hoot, and their long drawn and hollow sounds echoed like the call It of lonesome men in t he night. was a sight and sound most impres sive." rapidly Mr. Cannon then tells of a t r ip down the gulch on Wednesday, a thirty-four- mile t r a mp back to King's and then to Palo Alto on F r i day, by which time he was ready to rest. on Thursday, T HE M. A. C. R E C O RD APRIL 27, 1897. The M. A. C. Reeord. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE E D I T ED BY T HE F A C U L T Y, ASSISTED BY T HE STUDENTS. S U B S C R I P T I O NS SHOULD BE SENT TO T HE S E C RETARY, A G R I C U L T U R AL C O L L E G E, M I C H. SUBSCRIPTION, 50 CENTS P ER YEAR. Send money by P. 0. Money Order. Draft, or Registered Letter. Do not send stamps. Business Office with ROBERT SMITH PRINTING (JO., Printers and Binders, Corner Washington Avenue and Ionia Street, Lansing, Mich. Entered as second-class matter at Lansing, Mich. For various reasons T HE M. A. C. R E C O RD is occasionally sent to those who have not sub scribed for the paper. Such persons need have no hesitation about t a k i ng the paper from the postoffice, for no charge will be m a de for it. T he ODly way, however, to secure t he R E C O RD regnlarly is to subscribe. Official D i r e c t o r y. P R E A C H I NG SERVICE — S u n d ay noons at 2:30 in the Chapel. a f t e r Y. M. C. A.—Regu'ar meetings Sunday even ings at 7:30 and Thursday evenings at 6:30. C W. T.oomis, President. E. M. H u n t, Cor. Sec retary. Y. W. C. A .- Weekly meetings for all ladies on the campus, Tuesday evenings at 8:00, in Abbot Hall. Sunday meetings with the Y, M. C. A. Miss Clara J. Stocoum, President. Miss Ella Phelps, Cor. Secretary. K I N G 'S D A U G H T i > R 8 - M e et alternate Wednesdays. Mrs. J. L. Snyder, President. Mrs. VV. Babcock, Secretary., NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY - Meets second Friday of each m o n th in t he Chapel at 7:00 p. m. H C. Skeels, President. W. R. Ked- zie, Secretary. BOTANICAL CLUB—Meets Monday even ings at 6:30 in the Botanical Laboratory. Thos. Gunson, President. W. R. Ktdzie, Secretary. S H A K E S P E A RE OLUB—Meets Wednesday evenings at 7:30. Dr. Howard Edwards, Presi dent. COLUMBIAN L I T E R A RY S O C I E T Y- Meetings every Saturday evening at 7:30, Mid dle Ward, Wells Hall. S H. Fulton, President. H. Caramanian, Secretary. ECLECTIC SOCIETY— Meetings every Sat u r d ay evening at 7:30, F o u r th Floor, Williams Hall. C. D. Butterfield, President. W. A. Bartholomew, Secretary. F E R O N I AN SOCIETY — Meetings every Friday afternoon at 1:00, West Ward, Wells Hall. Amy Vaughn, President. K a t h e r i ne McCurdy, Secretary. H E S P E R I AN SOCIETY — Meetings every Saturday evening at 7:30, West W a r d, Wells Hall. U. B. Laitner, President. L. E. Sage, Secretary. OLYMPIC SOCIETY—Meetings every Satur d ay evening at 7;30, F o u r th Floor, Williams Hall. Elwood Shaw, President. W. K. Brain- erd, Secretary. P HI DELTA THETA F R A T E R N I T Y- Meetings every Friday evening at 7:30, East W a r d, Wells Hall. R. W. Clark, President. A. B. Krentel, Secretary. UNION L I T E R A RY S O C I E T Y - M e e t i n gs every Saturday evening at 7:30, U. L. S. Hall. L. S. Munson, President. G. N. Gould, Secre tary. TAU BETA PI F R A T E R N I TY —Meetings on alternate Thursday evenings, Tower Room, Mechanical Laboratory. G. A. Parker, Piesi- dent. E. H. Sedgwick, Secretary. CLUB BOARDING A S S O C I A T I O N - I. L. Simmons, President. H. A. Dibble, Secretary, M A, C. ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION-C. B. Laitner, President. G. B. Wells, Secretary. Gall Insects. R. H. PETTIT. A question often asked of the ento mologist is "How did the little grub get inside of the oak-apple?" We are all familiar with the oak-apples or oak- galls found clinging to the leaves and twigs of our oaks. Most of us have found galls on various plants and trees, and some of us have, in an inquiring frame of mind, gone so far as to cut open one of these galls in hopes of finding some cause for its existence. 1° we were so fortunate as to carry on inmate our had arrived at maturity and escaped, we found inside a small footless grub having a soft white body. investigation before the The growth of these galls and their t e n a n ts is yet full of unsolved my- teries, but we know something of the m a n n er of The mother gall-fly, a small winged insect belonging to the Hymenoptera or wasp order, lays an egg on the growing leaf their development. or twig. This egg hatches in due time and the grub which comes from it se cretes a substance which causes an a b normal growth in t h at p a rt of the plant which harbors it. This growth is defi nite and regular, resulting in the for mation of a gall which envelops the little grub and completely encloses it as the growth advances. is carried The galls formed by this order of in sects are always completely closed, leav ing no means of getting rid of ordinary waste products of life. For this reason nutrition on t h r o u gh t he skin by absorption and the waste is probably disposed of in the same man ner. The digestive organs have be come, through disuse, of small size and are completely closed at the posterior end. After a time, which varies with the species, the little grub passes into a pupal stage, corresponding to the co coon stage of moths, and later after t u r n i ng to an adult gall-fly like its par ent, it gnaws its way out into the light ' and air. There are m a ny species of gall-flies, and each species with a few exceptions, produces a definite kind of gall on a definite part of a particular plant, be it on leaf, stem or root. Many of these flies may be small amount of care if the galls are gathered when full-grown and before the insect emerges. The galls require only to be placed in a j ar with a cloth tied over the mouth. reared with a Department of Zoology. The Hook S t o r e. The College codperative book Buying association has been for so brief a time the means of procuring books for the students that some statement of what it has done will doubtless interest our readers. Much was said during the es tablishment of this association about what "books should sell for" under t he new scheme in comparison with what they had sold for. We give below the facts of such a comparison. The price is given of what books under the old system sold for during the past year, and then the price at which the associ ation, after paying all expenses of buy ing and handling the books, were able to furnish the same books to the stu dents of the college: Text. Books. Associ- Former ation Price. Price H a m m e rs Elocution Churche's Mechanics Klein's El. Machine De . . . . $ 1 . 00 . .. 5.50 sign 4.75 Walker's Pol. Economy. . 2.25 Bloxam's Chemistry . . .. 4.25 2.00 University Algebra Analytic Geometry 1.40 Genung's Soph.Rhetoric. 1.40 Beman & Smith's Geome $ .81 5.31 4.18 1.85 4.17 1.85 1.14 1.13 try . 1 . 40 1.30 School Algebras Jevon's Logic 60 Anthony's Mech. Drawing 1.65 4.00 Ganot's Physics Pancoast's English Lit. . 1.40 Descriptive G e o m e t r y . . .. 2.75 Hodgman's Surveying . . 2 . 25 La Conte's Geology . . .. 3.50 Johnston's Surveying . .. 4.00 1.13 1.13 50 1.09 3.73 1.20 2.22 1.91 2.96 3.67 This does not include the entire list of books handled by the association since many kinds of books were used this year for the first time, hence could not be compared with former prices. The association has 190 members, pur chased $760.43 worth of books (includ ing a small a m o u nt of stationery) last term. The expense of carrying on the inventory of business was $50. An $64.43 was left on hand at the end of the term. By an 8 per cent increase on the cost of books $57 was secured to de W. O. H. fray expenses. The T h r e s h i ng Macliine. A. E. W A L L A C E, '99 UNION LITERARY SOCIETY. It has been claimed, and justly, too, that the railroad was the pioneer of western civilization, but a very impor t a nt factor in advancing this civiliza tion in some of our western states h as been the t h r e s h i ng machine. W i t h o ut it our civilization would have been con fined to a comparatively small area; this machine alone having made pos thousands of sible the growing of acres of grain land which it upon would otherwise have been impossible to improve. employed Let us glance at the improvements made by Americans in the implements for t h r e s h i ng grain. Until within the last century, the flail and even more primitive means were in separating the grain from the chaff and straw. in im T he first great step provement was the invention of a small tread separator which was run by a mill and later by a horse-power. This machine was slow and very inefficient, but at the time was considered a great invention and was, indeed, far better than the old method. implements ever Frequent inventions have been made, each better t h an the preceding; differ ent features have been added until the stands t h r e s h i ng machine modern forth as one of the most useful agricul tural invented by If we compare it and its a p man. self-weigh pliances for self-feeding, the im ing and proved machinery of other industries, it shows that the advancement in this line has more t h an kept pace with that in other lines. self-stacking with t h an larger The type of machine used in the West differs widely from t h at used in Michi gan and other p a r ts of the East. The engine is a straw or coal burner and a great deal our engines. The separator is also large, having a very wide cylinder, and, if not a self- feeder, is feci from both sides at the The self-feeder has been same time. except in very a successful feature T he only se heavy, tangled grain. rious objection to it was t h at if the bundles were thrown upon it crosswise or overlapped they the ma chine, as the belts r u n n i ng the feeder to draw were not powerful them under the shaft upon which the knives revolve. These knives are us ually made of steel, although a few companies use some hard wood. clogged enough The automatic stacker has been used for some time with varying degrees of success and is a great saving of labor and money, as it requires only one man to do the work of stacking. But the automatic stacker is being rapidly replaced by the cyclone stacker or straw blower. This contrivance consists of a large cylindrical tube of sheet iron having a hood on the end to regulate the direc tion of the straw. At the bottom of the tube is a large steel fan which re volves at a very high rate of speed and blows the straw falling directly upon it, up the tube. It is furnished with machinery by means of which the tube is given a radial motion, thus m a k i ng the stack of straw larger t h an it would The be if t he tube were stationary. stack is also larger and better shaped t h an when is used. is not appre invention ciated in the Dakotas as much as it is the greater in other places p a rt of the straw is merely drawn a the automatic stacker because This short distance from the machine to get it out of the way, and is • afterward burned. The self-bagger is not much used in those parts most exclusively devoted to wheat raising, the usual method be ing to elevate the grain from the spout to about five feet above the top of the separator, where it is weighed and r un into a grain tank by means of a mov able spout. In many p a r ts of the W e st where the season is comparatively long, it is not of so much importance t h at the separa tor be of such large capacity; but in the Dakotas and Manitoba, where the crop is late in ripening and the season short, it is of the greatest importance that the t h r e s h i ng be done with all possible haste. Here the very largest machines are used and everything pos sible is done to h u r ry the work and even then they are often compelled by the setting to leave some grain until spring. Only machines of the very best quality can endure the strain placed upon Twenty- eight hundred bushels of wheat is not an unusual day's work for an enter prising thresher, and under favorable circumstances still more can be done. The m a k i ng of these machines is a lucrative business and one in which Michigan is much interested, as more machines are made in this state than in any other state in the Union. in of winter them. To T ax B a c h e l o r s. B B A R L O W. '99. Rep. Donovan of Bay County intro duced into the House a bill for the t a x ing of unmarried men. This bill now rests in the hands of a committee and will probably never come to anything. It is not printed and, indeed, was only the skeleton of a bill, yet t he problem involved in it is one of vital import ance to the state and to the nation. Americans do not m a r ry fast enough, too m a ny of our young men remain un married. Is the native stock to die out and are we to be disinherited by the more fertile peoples from Europe? We find no adequate answer in this proposed bill. Two claims are made for it—first t h at it would cause bachelors to marry, and second t h at it would be a source of much-needed revenue. These two claims are incompatible, for, if the bachelors marry, where then is the revenue? Conversely, the revenue is large, it m u st be t h at the bachelors have n ot married. In so far as the one succeeds, the other of ne cessity fails, and to claim both is in consistent. Let us look at them sep arately. if If the tax is for revenue only, why select the bachelors, already u n h a p p y? W hy not t ax the married people? there are so m a ny of t h em the revenue would be large. W hy not t ax the very old people, say $20 every year after 70 and $40 after 80? There is the income t ax not yet tried. But it is urged t h at bachelors do not own real estate nor taxable property and so do not bear their share of taxes. To this we answer: Others besides bachelors do not own real estate, in fact thousands of married people living in rented houses in this state; m a ny bachelors do own real es tate and others would if they could get it. there are The proposed tax would not be equi tably adjusted, it would n ot be propor tionate. F o r ty dollars would be 10 per cent of a.poor man's yearly income and not 1 per cent of a rich man's. There revenue both sources of are other ample and having re j u st without course to class legislation. But would such a law cause bachelors APRIL 27, 1897. T HE M. A. 0. R E C O R D. to m a r r y? Of course the rich m an will not be influenced one way or the other by a trifling tax. But the poor man, it is argued, will m a r ry to avoid the tax. Now if the married m a n 's taxes a re so burdensome will t he bachelor make baste to assume t h e m? T h at would be out of t he frying pan into t he fire. If a poor m an is working hard and saving money for a future home and t ax will n ot family, a bachelor's hc.sten his marriage, but r a t h er defer it. A m an knows his duty in these m a t t e rs better t h an the state and will m a r ry or delay to m a r ry as it seems to fitting. There are relations in hu him man life which the individual must de cide. They are too delicate, too sa cred, for the h a r sh interference of the state. As to such a measure as we a re now considering, it m ay be t h at Ameri cans are too much influenced by money considerations, b ut we do n ot p ut m a r riage on a money basis. At tlio College. Mrs. Bandholtz and son, Cleveland, returned to College, Friday. On Monday of last week D. J. Crosby received a short visit from his brother- in-law, F. F. Wetmore of Pentwater. Abbot Hall h as undergone a revolu tion during the past week—Miss Mc- Dermott h as received her wheel from the East. The King's Daughters will meet at Mrs. Holdsworth's, after noon, Leader, Mrs. C. L. Weil. Text, "Fear Not." tomorrow Mr. G. H. True returned Saturday from Madison, Wisconsin, where he has spent a month studying cheese m a k i ng methods. Hon. A. C. Bird and Hon. T. F. Mars- ton spent several days at M. A. C. last week themselves with the work of the College. familiarizing The Thursday evening Y. M. C. A. prayer meeting will be led by Mr. R. M. Agnew. The topic will be "Bible directions for practical life." Sunday evening the union services held in the Y. M. C. A. rooms will be led by Mr. Cartland. The topic for discussion will be "Christian Self-re liance." The boys say it is quite an inspira tion to have a crowd of enthusiastic them on to victory. co-eds cheering This happened last Saturday for the first time in the history of M. A. C. There and turtles without number. are 976 t u r ns in the Ocklawaha river in t h at distance, and it is so n a r r ow in some places t h at t he boat h ad to go nearly aground in m a k i ng t he turn. "Bushes covered with white blos soms, gray bushes hanging over with their own weight of red berries, cardi nal flowers, t he wild jasmine with gold en blossoms, and a lovely white lily, were among t he things almost within reach from tantalized t he deck, t h at us; but our hard-hearted though jolly captain would not stop even once to let us gather them." Surely all w ho k n ow Mrs. Deal will unite with us in wishing her the enjoy ment of m a ny such happy winters. Have F i sh a M e m o r y' This question is being studied by Prof. L u d w ig Edinger of F r a n k f o r t- on-the-Main, who h as sent to scien tific journals a request couched in t he following language: t h at " H a ve fish a memory? A request information. There is a general for opinion fish have some sort of memory, t h at they can recognize peo ple, know how to find or to avoid places where they have made formerly some experiences, t h at fish which have once escaped the rod know t he bait, It is highly desirable that all ex etc. perience of this kind should be collect ed in the interest of comparative ps3^- chology. The reason is t n at till now we believed t he function of memory to depend on t he action of t he brain cortex. All experience in m an a nd in the higher animals h as led to t h at conclusion. During the last years it has fish h a ve no brain cortex at all. They a re t he only existing Vertebrates without a brain cortex. Now if Ave could prove be yond the possibility of doubt t h at fish really have a memory, t h at they gain experience a nd can make use of it, then we shall have to give up the till now general opinion t h at memory h as its seat in the brain cortex. Therefore it is extremely important to have an entirely n ew set of experiences." been proved that Professor Edinger is anxious to hear w h at anglers a nd naturalists m ay h a ve to say on t he subject, and requests all who have anything to say about it to communicate with him at 20 Gartner- weg, remember ing that the most trivial circumstance may be of value in his investigation. Frankfort-on-Main, an inch deep and after a rain. Even a light shower will sometimes crust the light soils and make a second sowing necessary. After t he seed is up t he fields are taken in charge by Chinese and Japanese, who work the beets for $1.10 per ton. This includes all the work of thinning, hoeing, topping and putting into wagons. In poor soil the plants are not thinned very much, but in rich soil they a re left six to eight inches apart. The factory refuses all beets over four pounds, and would r a t h er have them average about two pounds. The factory pays $4.50 per ton delivered, a nd deducts always 5 per cent and sometimes 20 per cent for dirt. The average crop is about 14 tons per acre, but a crop of 18, 20 or 22 tons per acre is not uncommon. "To get the beets out of the land, a regular beet plow is used, which is simply a double-beamed plow—beams joined together by a steel arch above. F r om the lower side of each beam pro jects (curving in) a piece of wrought iron, to the lower end of which is fast ened a plate. This plow can be ar ranged to go deep or shallow, and does not take t he beets out, but lifts t h em up several inches so the topper can pull them out without any exertion. "There is building now at Salinas, about 20 miles from here, one of the factories"' in the biggest beet world. It will require several thousand tons a day. sugar "Beet sugar pulp is used by the stock raisers very extensively for cattle, and is usually fed with grain. The tops and leaves are also used. The growing of beets is considered profitable. Ten tons to the acre will pay expenses, and over t h at is profit. "Several reasons w hy farmers Michigan should grow beets a r e: in " 1. It ^helps to make a rotation of crops. "2, Deep plowing and clean ground will help all kinds of land. "3. It is considered profitable. "4. It furnishes an abundance of work for the unemployed. "5. It furnishes feed for stock. I should think it would make good en silage. "6. It would lessen the growing of other crops which are now considered unprofitable. "7. In case of war or international difficulty, the United States would not depend on other countries for her sup ply of sugar. "8. Much of o ur good gold would cir going instead of culate at home abroad." "The college men are very slow, They seem to take their ease; For even when they graduate, They do it by degrees."—Ex. ...COLLEGE BUS... Leaves M. A. C. for Lansing at 8:30 a. m. and 1:30 p. m. Returning, leaves Lans ing at 10:30 a. m. a nd 4:30 p. m. In tlio lialiny S o u t h. Sugar Beet C u l t u r e. Students who were here in 1889-91 will be glad to hear from their warm friend, Mrs. J a ne Sinclair-Deal, who was librarian during those years. Mr aiid Mrs. Deal huxe been si ending the Vv inter in Florida, whence Mrs. Deal has written IT. college friends several delightful letters. In one of these from tersely de Daytona, March 12, she scribes the dining-room of the first hotel tried—"Spots on the table cloths, ragged napkins, slow waiters, $10 a week." The next experiment is evi dently more to her liking. "This is a beautiful house facing the broad Hali fax—service perfect, everything right and terms reasonable—$15 per week.'' Describing some of her pleasant expe riences, she says: "One of the most delightful trips t h at I ever took was on the Ocklawaha river; our boat was the Okeehunikee. There was a party of 32 —I do not mean t h at it was an excur sion but t h at was the number of tour ists on board. We had first 25 miles of Hie broad, beautiful St. Johns, then 102 of the Ocklawaha and eight miles of the Silver springs, and it is on this latter stream where we saw aligators Waldo Rohnert, '89, is in the business of seed growing at Gilroy, California. Under date of April 3 he writes an in from teresting which we are glad to quote such parts as will be of value to prospective Michigan sugar-beet growers. to Dr. Kedzie, letter "The ideal soil for beets is a sandy loam, one that will work up as friable as a garden. Plowing usually starts after the first rains in the fall and is usually done to t he depth of from 7 to 9 inches. The land is then harrowed down and made very fine. The second and main plowing usually starts about March 15 and is as deep as a 14-inch plow can go. This second plowing is done with a team—one horse in the furrow and two on the land. The land is again harrowed very fine and sowed. It is of t he utmost importance to plow deep, as the sugar factory will not accept forked beets or those grown out of the land. three-horse " F or sowing, a two-horse drill is used, sowing four rows at a time. The drill is 'force feed'—usually a revolv ing wheel with stiff bristles is used to force the seed. The seed is sown about M. A. C. S P E C I AL R A T ES ON P H O T OS AT SHARPSTEEFS STUDIO, ...My... Neckwear Stock C o n t a i ns all t he L a t e st I d e as as to SHAPE,, COLOR AND PATTERN a nd t he p r i ce ever before. lower W o u ld t h an be pleased to h a ve y ou c o me in a nd see it. BEFORE PURCHASING YOUR FALL AND WINTER = H A T= s h ow y on to A l l ow me s o me n a t ty " Up to D a t e" styles. N o t h i ng b ut r e l i a find p l a ce in ble q u a l i t i es my s t o c k. STUDENT'S PATRONAGE SOLICITED. E.LGIN MIFFLIN THE OUTFITTED. The MAUD s WIND MILL AND — ^ P U J HP COMPANY. Manufacturers of CYCLONE PROOF GALVANIZED STEEL WIND MILLS AND "MAUD S" PUMPS, Lansing, Mich I MICHIGAN SUPPLY COMPANY WHOLESALE DEALER IN B e l t i n g, H o s e, I r on P i pe a nd F i t t i n g s, T u b u l ar W e ll S u p p l i e s, e t c. STATE AGENT FOK MAUD S PUMPS, LANSING, MICHIGAN Phone 192 New Phone 76 J. G. REUTTER 322 Washington Ave. South F r e sh AND S a lt M e a ts Packages prompt attention. left at Emery's will receive Livery or Bus for picnics at resonable rates. FINE CHICAC0 BEEF A SPECIALTY We are H e a d q u a r t e rs for all Kinds of Home- Mad e Sausage. NEW PHONE H. O. P A L M ER G I VE YOUR ORDERS TO TRAGER BROS. THE MEAT MEN 5 09 M I C H I G AN A V E. E. LOWEST PRICES Will be quoted to SCHOOL ... LIBRARIES... And others sending lists of books w a n t ed to Lansing Book & Paper Co., L A N S I N G, M I CH 4 T HE M. A. C. R E C O R D. APBIL 27, 1897. Principally through the i n t r o d u c i on of improved American machinery the annual output of kerosene from J a p an increased in 1884 to 9,054,458 gallons in 1894. from 1,172,778 gallons The olive crop in Andalusia, Spain, amounted to 160,000 bushels in 1895. X0 0%. 0