31.  9IL a  ©.  <R ecor 1 

VOLUME 2. 

LANSING,  MICHIGAN,  TUESDAY,  JUNE  22,  1897. 

NUMBER 24. 

COMMENCEMENT  WEEK. 

CONTESTS  IN  ORATORY  AND  DEBATE,  SO 
CIETY  REUNIONS,  ALUMNI  REUNION, 
ANNIVERSARY  EXERCISES,  GRADUAT 
ING  EXERCISES. 

Last  week  was  a  busy  one  at  the  Col 
lege  from  Monday  morning,  when  final 
examinations  for  under-classmen  be 
gan,  until  Friday  afternoon,  when  stu 
dents  and  visitors  united  in  a  rush  to 
leave  the  scene  of  recent  gaiety  for  the 
more  quiet  home  surroundings. 
The 
surroundings  they  left  are  now  quiet 
enough  for  the  most  retiring. 

Alumni,  parents  of 

students,  and 
other  visitors  began  to  arrive  at  the 
College  the  week  before  Commence 
ment,  and  they  continued  to  come  un 
Some 
til  10  o'clock  Friday  morning. 
of  the  "old  boys"  who  could  not  come 
sooner  arrived  on  Friday  morning,  for 
the  express  purpose  of  hearing  the  ad 
dress  of  Prof.  L.  H.  Bailey.  More  than 
alumni  and 
a  hundred  non-resident 
former  students  were  present,  and  sev 
eral  of  these  brought  along  their  wives 
and  a  prospective  M.  A  C.  student  or 
two. 

In  the  intermissions  between  the  va 
rious  exercises  of  the  week  the  campus 
was  dotted  with  groups  of  old  school 
mates  who,  in  these  short  visits,  lived 
over  again  the  happy  years  of  College 
life  and  reviewed  the  struggles,  the 
successes  and  failures  of  professional 
or  business 
life.  And  may  we  not 
conclude  that  in  such  reunions  as these, 
when  brother  meets  brother  in  the  sa 
cred  bonds  of  friendship,  forgetting 
business  and  political  differences  and 
uniting  in  tributes  of  devotion  to  one 
of  our  grand  educational  institutions, 
not  only  the  institution  itself  but  the 
state  and  nation  of  which  it  is  a  part 
take  stronger  hold  upon  the  affections 
of  the  people ? 

Contest  in  Oratory  and  Debate. 
The  annual  contest  in  oratory  and 
debate,  for  which 
the  College  offers 
prizes, was held  in  the armory  Tuesday 
evening,  June  25,  and  the  large  crowd 
present  listened  to  an  excellent  pro 
gram. 

Bristol's  orchestra  opened  the  exer 
cises  with  a  selection  of  music,  which 
was  followed  by  the  orations:  "Educa 
tion  our  safety,"  by  Elwood  Shaw  of 
the  Olympic  Society;  "The  power  of 
public  opinion,"  by  A.  B.  Krentel  of 
the  Phi  Delta  Theta  Fraternity; 
''Mu 
sic and  its  power,"  by  Miss  Pearl  Ked-
zie  of  the  Feronian  Society;  "Co-oper 
ative  government  for  America,"  by  T. 
A.  Chittenden  of  the  Columbian  So 
ciety. 

After  another  selection  of  music came 
the  contest  in  debate,  on  the  question, 
"Resolved:  That  the  luxurious  prodi 
gality  of  the  rich  in  their  private  life 
is  advantageous  to  society."  A.  T. 
Cartland  of 
the  Hesperian  Society 
spoke  on  the  affirmative  and  F.  "W. 
Robison  of  the  Union  Literary  Society 
on  the  negative.'*  All  of  the  articles 
had  been  carefully  prepared  and  were 
well  rendered. 
The  contest  was  in 
every  way  a  credit  to  the  participants. 
The  judges  on  thought  and  expres 
sion  were:  Prof.  C.  H.  Gurney,  Hills 
dale;  Mr.  Orlando  F.  Barnes,  Lansing, 
and  Prof.  Aquilla  Webb,  Albion.  The 
judges  on  delivery  were:  Rev.  F.  G. 
Cadwell  and  Messrs.  C.  F.  Hammond 
and  S.  L,  Kilbourne,  all  of  Lansing. 

/ 

The  result  of  the  contest  was  not 

announced  until  Friday  morning. 

Class  Day  Exercises. 
A  rainy  morning  prevented  a  very 
large  attendance  at  the  class  day  exer 
cises, which  were  held  in  the  armory  at 
10 o'clock,  Wednesday  morning. 

Sanford  H.  Fulton,  president  of  the 
class,  gave  the  opening  address,  which 
called  the  attention  of  the  class  to  the 
purposes  of  life, to  the end  to  be worked 
for  in  a  well  rounded  life. 
"Deter 
mine  to  succeed—patriotism,  deep  in 
terest  in  public  affairs  and  in  educa 
tion,  these  are  some  of  the  actuating 
principles  Of  a  long  and  useful  life— 
the  life  of  the  statesman  of  the  north 
west—Lewis  Cass.  As  we  go  on  in 
life,  let  us  have  in  mind  the  example 
of  this  illustrious  man  and  strive  to 
ward  the  highest  attainments  of  right 
living  and  good  citizenship." 

Cass  B.  Laitner  of  Detroit  followed 
with  the  class  history, which  contained 
"History  repeats 
abundance  of  wit. 
itself,"  was  the  first  assertion. 
Then 
he  said  that  every  year  there  goes  out 
from  these  College  halls  the  best  class 
that  ever  graduated. 
This  class  was 
also  the  best.  The  four  years  of  the 
course  were  divided  and  each  handled 
separately, all  the  important  events  be 
ing  noted. 

Elwood  Shaw,  class  orator,  gave  an 
address  which  went  over  in  a  more  se 
rious  way  the  ground  covered  by  the 
historian.  At  the  close  he  made  a 
strong  plea  to the  class  to  do their  best 
to  develop  all  that  is  in  them. 
"The 
world  wants  men—light  hearted, manly 
men.  Men  who  shall  join  its  chorus 
and  prolong  the  psalm  of  labor  and  the 
song  of  love." 

J.  Dewitt  McLouth  gave  a  very  in 
teresting  class  poem  of  considerable 
length  which  pleased  everyone. 
It 
dealt  with  those  incidents  of  class  his 
tory  that  the  student  delights  to  have 
recalled,  especially  at  commencement 
time. 

Miss  Margaret  Bass  rendered  a  very 
pleasing  vocal  solo,  "Asthore,"  and  af 
terward  responded  to  an  encore,  the 
second  time  singing  "Pierrot." 

Miss  Sadie  Champion's  prophecy  was 
not  unlike  the  majority  of  such  pro 
ductions,  in  picturing  each  member  of 
the  class  in  a  perfectly  happy  and  emi 
nently  successful  condition  24  years 
from  now.  The  air  ship  came  in  for  a 
prominent  part  in  bringing  about  the 
writer's  knowledge  of  the  affairs  of  her 
classmates. 

The  class  paper  was  presented  by  the 
editor,  E.  C.  Green,  and  abounded  in 
laughable  anecdotes,  puns*  roasts  on 
the  faculty,  parodies  and  spring  poet 
ry.  His  characterization  of  one  of  his 
classmates,  description  of  one  of  the 
instructors  taking  part  in  a  ball  game, 
and  lecture  from  one  of  the  professors 
were  especially  good. 

Battalion  Review. 

The  annual  review  of  the  cadet  bat 
talion  occurred  Wednesday  afternoon 
at  3  o'clock  under  the  supervision  of 
Colonel  Shubel,  Captain  Herrick  and 
Lieut.  Colonel  Richardson  of  the  M. 
N.  G.  The  appearance  and  maneuvers 
of  the  battalion  were  very  creditable. 
Adjutant  Chittenden  published  the  fi 
nal  orders  for  the  year,  which  included 
the  following  promotions  and  appoint 
ments: 

Captains—F.  Y.  Warren,  W.  J.  Mer-

kel,  A.  M.  Patriarche,  E.  R.  Austin. 

Lieutenants—C.  Johnson,  J.  C.  Nich 
ols,  R.  H.  Stoeoum,  A.  B.  Krentel,  W. 
R.  Kedzie.  F.  T.  Williams.  F.  W.  Rob 
ison.  M.  H.  Lapham,  C.  D.  Butter-
•field,  C.  A.  Gower,  C.  D.  Townsend. 
and  D.  A.  Seeley. 

Adjutant—Johnson. 
Quartermaster—Nichols. 
Sergeant  major—Ergenzinger. 
Quartermaster  sergeant—R.  E.  Mor 

row. 

Color  sergeant—H.  L.  Becker. 
First  sergeants—Russell,  Bartholo 

mew,  Wallace  and  A. C.  Krentel. 

Sergeants—Calkins,  Flynn,  Smith  L. 
C,  Libbey,  Edwards,  Gould,  Hoag, 
Hurd,  Lewis,  Austin.  Brainerd,  Wil 
liams,  Crane,  Clark.  Campbell,  Stew 
art.  Wells,  Holdsworth,  Agnew  and 
Bailey. 

Jones, 

Parks, 

Corporals—Fisher,  Thayer,  Hilton, 
Appleyard, 
Price, 
Brooks,  Cbadsey,  Flanmagen.  Cocker-
ell,  Ranney,  Parker,  Kennedy,  Clark, 
Glasgow,  Stocking,  True,  Bishop,  and 
Gunnison. 
After 

the  review  Messrs.  Burnett, 
Monroe,  Poss  and  Wells—Monroe  our 
old-time  high-jump  and  high  hand 
spring  man,  the  others  in  their  day 
winners  of  the  all-around  M.  I.  A.  A. 
medal—indulged 
trials  of 
skill  at  the  hammer,  shot,  pole  vault, 
high  jump,  high  kick,  etc.  None  of 
them  are  old  and  stiff  yet,  nor  have 
they  forgotten  any  of  the  tricks  of  the 
athletic  field.  Burnett  easily  kicked, 
with  both  feet,  two  inches  higher  than 
his  head,  and  is  as  easy  and  graceful 
as  when  he helped  us  win  everything— 
almost—in  '92. 

in  a  few 

Reunions  of  College  Societies. 
If  there  is  any  one  feature  of  com 
the  "old  boy" 
mencement  week  that 
looks  forward  to  more  than  another  it 
is  the  society 
reunion  and  banquet. 
Here  he  sees  the  progress  of  the  or 
ganization  that  did  so  much  for  him  in 
a  literary  and  social  way  during  his 
college course,  here  sings  again  the  old 
into  that  delightful 
songs  and  goes 
reminiscent  mood  which 
takes  him 
back  to  the  old  familiar  scenes  and 
faces  as  they  appeared  to  him  five,  ten 
or  twenty  years  ago. 

So we were not  surprised  on  Wednes 
day  evening  to  find  that  many  of  the 
alumni  had  found  their  way  back  into 
their  respective  society  rooms. 

The  Phi  Delta; Theta  Fraternity  gave 
a  banquet  followed  by  toasts,  Prof.  P. 
B.  Woodworth  acting  as  toastmaster, 
and  H.  J.  De  Garmo,  Paul  Woodworth, 
J.  H.  F.  Mullett  and  W.  G.  Amos  re 
sponded  to  sentiments.  All  the  other 
societies  gave  literary  programs  fol 
lowed  by  banquets  and  toasts,  and  all 
gave  hops  in  their  rooms  except  the 
Hesperians,  Eclectics  and  Phis.  These 
three  societies  united  in  giving  a  hop 
in  the  armory. 

The  Columbian  program  consisted  of 
an  address  by  S.  H.  Fulton,.an  oration 
by  C.  Townsend,  history  by  T.  Han-
kinson,  poem  by  E.  C.  Green  and  pro 
phecy  by T.  A.  Chittenden. 

The Eclectics made a  slight  deviation 
from  the  usual  scheme  and  presented  a 
program  that  consisted  of  a  president's 
address  by  Clinton  D.  Butterfield,  an 
oration,  "Capital,  its 
Influence  and 
Power,"  by  H.  A.  Dibble,  and  an  ad 
dress  by  Kenyon  L.  Butterfield. 

the 
Instead  of  a  literary  program 
Hesperian  society  substituted  a  recep 
and 
tion,  during  which  members 

friends  secured  the  autographs  of  those 
present 
in  the  souvenirs  which  were 
imitations  of  a  pad  of  "faculty  paper." 
The  banquet  was  served  in  the  rooms 
adjoining  the  society  rooms.  After  a 
well  served  menu,  toasts  were  respond 
ed  to  by  Messrs.  Laitner,  '97;  Westcott, 
'00;  Stone,  '99;  Stewart,  '95,  and  El 
liott,  '97.  Prof.  Smith  was  called  upon 
and  responded  in  his  usual  cheerful 
manner. 

The  Olympic  program  consisted  of 
an  address  by  Elwood  Shaw, a poem  b^ 
E.  R.  Russell,  and  an  oration  by  F.  R. 
Crane.  J.  C.  Nichols  gave  the  prophecy 
and  A.  N.  Patriarche  closed  the  pro 
gram  with 
society 
paper. 

the  customary 

The  program  of  the  Union  Literary 
Society  included  an  address  by  the 
president,  L.  S.  Munson,  oration  by  G. 
A.  Parker,  paper  by  G.  F.  Richmond, 
poem  by  M.  H.  Lapham,  and  prophecy 
by  W.  R.  Kedzie.  The  banquet  was 
served  in  the  Abbot  Hall  dining  room 
and  was  followed  by  toasts  by  alumni 
and  active  members.  J.  W.  Rigterink 
acted  as  toastmaster,  and  the  following 
sentiments  were  responded  to: 
"Rem 
iniscences,"  R.  A.  Clark,  '76;  "Electric 
Sparks,"  J.  D. Nies,  '94;  "The  Ladies," 
L.  S.  Munson,  '97;  "Ties  That  Bind," 
J.  T.  Berry,  '96;  "Looking  Forward," 
F.  W. Robison, '98. 

Alumni  Day. 

While  many  of 

the  alumni  came 
earlier  in  the  week  so  as  to  enjoy  the 
medal  contests,  class  day  exercises 
and  society  reunions,  most  of 
them 
came  Thursday  morning  to  attend  the 
exercises  of 
the  day  especially  set 
apart  for  their  enjoyment. 

At  eight  o'clock  a  preliminary  busi 
ness  meeting  was  held  for  the  purpose 
of  appointing  committees  on  nomina 
tions  and  resolutions,  after  which  the 
alumni  accepted  Prof.  Smith's  invita 
tion  to  take  a  ride  over  the  farm. 

LITERARY  EXERCISES. 
Ten  o'clock  found  a  large  crowd  as 
sembled  in  the  chapel,  where  the  liter 
ary  exercises  of  the  alumni  association 
were  held.  President  of  the  associa 
tion,  M.  D.  Chatterton,  with  '61,  gave 
a  somewhat  lengthy  address,  of  which 
we  give,  very  briefly,  the  principal 
points: 

The  past  and  the  present  meet  here 
today  on  a  common  ground.  We  who 
are  older  remember  the  past  vividly, 
for  we  are  deeply  indebted  to  our  in 
struction  here,  under  Williams,  Abbot, 
Holmes,  and  Tracy.  But  at 
these 
alumni  meetings  we  should  have  some 
other  purpose  than  talking  over  the 
old  days  and  swapping  college  yams. 
We  all  have  the  good  of  the  College 
at  heart. 
If  we  had  legal  rights  and 
power  in  the  management  of  the  Col 
lege  these  reunions  would  be  great 
events  for  the  College. 
I  can  see  the 
immense  difference  between  the  Col 
lege  of  '57  and  '97.  I  see the  immense 
difference  in  the  plant,  but  I  don't  see 
as  many  students  as  I  wTould  like  to 
see  here. 

A  couple  of  years  ago  a  committee 
of  the  College  made  a  report  of  the 
I  do  not  think 
condition  of  affairs. 
they  hit  upon  the  real  cause  of  lack  of 
students.  In  my  opinion  the  College  is 
handicapped  by  a  law  passed  nearly 
forty  years  ago.  I  believe  that:  1.  The 
labor 
system  of  compulsory  manual 
should  be  discontinued  or greatly  mod-
[Continued  on  page  four.] 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  E E C O E D. 

JUNE,  ,22  1897. 

The  M. A. C. Reeord. 

PUBLISHED  WEEKLY  BY  THE 

MICHIGAN  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE 

E D I T ED  "BY  T HE  F A C U L T Y, 

ASSISTED  BY T HE  STUDENTS. 

S U B S C R I P T I O NS  SHOULD  BE SENT  TO T HE  S E C 
R E T A R Y,  A G R I C U L T U R AL  C O L L E G E,  M I C H. 

S U B S C R I P T I O N,  50  CENTS  P ER  Y E A R. 

Send  money  by P. 0.  Money  Order,  Draft, or 
Registered  Letter.  Do not  send  stamps. 

Business  Office  with  R O B E RT  S M I TH  P R I N T I NG 
Co.,  Printers and Binders, Corner Washington 
Avenue and Ionia Street, Lansing, Mich. 

Entered  as second-class matter at Lansing, Mich. 

• F or  various reasons  T HE  M. A. C.  R E C O RD  is 
occasionally  sent  to those  who  have  n ot  sub 
scribed  for the  paper.  Such  persons need  have 
no  hesitation about  t a k i ng  the  paper  from  the 
postomce,  for  no charge  will  be m a de  for i t. 
The  only  way, however, to secure  t he  RECORD 
regularly  is to subscribe. 

Official  Directory. 

P R E A C H I NG  SERVICE -  S u n d ay  after 

noons at 2:30 in t he  Chapel. 

Y.  M. C.  A.—Regular meetings S u n d ay  even 
Ings at 7:30 a nd  T h u r s d ay evenings  at  6:30.  C 
W.  Loomis,  President.  E. M. H u n t,  Cor. Sec 
retary. 

Y.  W.  C. A.—Weekly meetings  for all ladies 
on  t he campus,  Tuesday  evenings  at  8:00, in 
Abbot  Hall.  Sunday meetings  w i th  t he  Y, M. 
C.  A.  Miss Clara J. Stocoum, President.  Miss 
Ella  Phelps,  Cor. Secretary. 

K I N G 'S  D A U G H T E RS —Meet  a l t e r n a te 
Wednesdays.  Mrs. J.  L.  Snyder,  President. 
Mrs.  W.  Babcock,  Secretary. 

N A T U R AL  HISTORY  SOCIETY -  Meets 
second  F r i d ay of each m o n th  in  t he  Chapel at 
7:00  p.  m.  H. C. Skeels, President.  W. R. Ked-
" zie, Secretary. 

BOTANICAL  CLUB —Meets  Monday  e v e n 
ings at 6:30  in the Botanical Laboratory.  Thos. 
Gunson,  President.  W. R. Kedzie, Secretary. 
S H A K E S P E A RE  C L U B - M e e ts W e d n e s d ay 
evenings at 7:30.  Dr.  Howard  E d w a r d s,  Presi 
d e n t. 

COLUMBIAN  L I T E R A RY  S O C I E T Y-
Meetings  every  Saturday evening  at  7:30, Mid 
dle  Ward, Wells Hall.  S. H. Fulton, President. 
H.  C a r a m a n i a n, Secretary. 

ECLECTIC  SOCIETY —Meetings every  Sat 
u r d ay  evening at 7:30,  F o u r th  Floor,  Williams 
Hall.  C.  D.  Butterfleld,  President.  W. A. 
Bartholomew,  Secretary. 

F E R O N I AN  SOCIETY  —  Meetings  every 
F r i d ay  afternoon  at  1:00,  West  W a r d,  Wells 
Hall.  A my V a u g h n,  President.  K a t h e r i ne 
McCurdy,  Secretary. 

H E S P E R I AN  SOCIETY -  Meetings  every 
S a t u r d ay  evening  at  7:30,  West  W a r d,  Wells 
Hall.  C.  B.  Laitner,  President.  L. E.  Sage, 
Secretary. 

OLYMPIC  SOCIETY—Meetings every Satur 
day  evening  at  7;30,  F o u r th  Floor,  Williams 
Hall.  Elwood Shaw, President.  W.  K. Brain-
erd,  Secretary. 

P HI  D E L TA  T H E TA  F R A T E R N I TY  -
Meetings  every  F r i d ay  evening  at  7:30,  E a st 
W a r d,  Wells  Hall.  R.  W.  Clark,  President. 
A.  B. Krentel, Secretary. 

UNION  L I T E R A RY  SOCIETY -  Meetings 
every  Saturday  evening  at  7:30, U. L. S. Hall. 
L.  S. Munson, President.  G. N. Gould,  Secre 
t a r y. 

TAU  BETA  PI  F R A T E R N I T Y - M e e t i n gs 
on  a l t e r n a te  Thursday evenings, Tower  Room, 
Mechanical  Laboratory.  G. A. P a r k e r,  Presi 
dent.  E. H. Sedgwick,  Secretary. 

CLUB  BOARDING  ASSOCIATION - 1.  L. 
Simmons,  President.  H.  A. Dibble, Secretary. 
M  A. C. A T H L E T IC  ASSOCIATION-C. B. 

Laitner  President.  G. B. Wells,  Secretary. 

The  Agricultural  Status. 

ABSTRACT  OF AN  ADDRESS  DELIVERED 
IN  THE  COLLEGE  ARMORY  BEFORE  THE 
GRADUATING  CLASS  OF '97,  BY  PROF. 
L.  H.  BAILEY,  OF CORNELL  UNIVER 
SITY. 

The  speaker  started  out with  an  ex 
amination  of  the common  assumption 
that  there is a great  depression  in agri 
culture,  referring  to  the  abandoned 
farms  of the  east,  to the  despairing  un 
rest  of the  west,  to the depopulation of 
the  rural  communities  and to the  low 
prices  of farm  produce  as proofs  which 
are  ordinarily  advanced  in  support of 
the  theory  of  an  agricultural  decline. 
In  speaking  of these  various  phases of 
the  agricultural  status,  he remarked as 
follows:  "These  matters,  however, are 
only  the  manifestations  of  disease,  if 
a  disease  exists,  and the treatment  of 
them  is  only  symptomatic.  We  must 
find  the  actual  cause  of the  present  un 
rest  and  disaffection,  or  we  cannot 
hope to relieve  the difficulty.  None of 
the  facts  which  are commonly  cited as 

determinants  of the agricultural  status 
are  really  causes,  nor do I  believe we 
can  arrive  at  the cause  by any symp 
tomatic  study  as by the comparison of 
statistics,  of the  study  of legislation or 
the  migration  of  population. 
If  the 
very  fundamental  difficulties  are  ever 
discovered,  they  will  he  apprehended 
by  some  bold  spirit  who  will  arrive  at 
his  conclusion  by inference,  which  will 
need  neither  defense  nor  proof." 

Examining 

the  question  as 

to 
whether  there  really  is an  agricultural 
disease  which  must  be  treated  by 
remedies  of  a  wholly  different  kind 
than  those  which  are invoked  for the 
cure  of  other  economic  ills,  the  speak 
er  arrived  at  the  conclusion  from  his 
own  experience  and  study  that  there 
is  no  fundamental  difficulty  with  ag 
riculture,  except  the  lack  of  adapta 
tion  to the great  economic  changes of 
the  past  few years  and the intellectual 
incapacity  of  great  numbers  of  farm 
ers.  He sketched  the rise  and fall of 
an  agricultural  community  in  central 
New  York,  showing  how  the  accus 
tomed  methods  of the  farm  were  upset 
by  the incoming  of  the railroads, the 
evolution  of  manufacture  and  the 
rapid  opening  of  the vast  west.  Con 
trasting  the  condition  of  the  farmers 
a  generation  ago with  those  of  today, 
it  was found  that  the  present  gener 
ation  did  not suffer  thereby.  The  farm 
ers  of the  past  were  content  and  happy 
largely  because  they  knew  of  nothing 
better;  but  at the present  time the whole 
world  is  open,  and a  large  part  of the 
complaint  of  the  farming  community 
is  due,  not to any special  need  of cthe 
necessities  of  a  happy  life,  but  to  a 
yearning  for  things  which  the  farmer 
cannot  expect  to have.  The determin 
ing  cause  of  the economic  revolution 
in  which  agriculture  for  the time be 
ing  has  been  engulfed,  was mechanical 
in  the 
invention,  manifesting 
new  era  of  transportation  and  manu 
facture  and resulting  indirectly  in the 
opening  up of  great  areas  in the west 
and  in  other  countries,  which  not only 
changed  the social  and economic  con 
ditions  of  the  time,  but  also  drained 
the  farms  of  a  large  part  of the ener 
getic  and  ambitious  young  persons. 

itself 

"The  manifold  applications  of  the 
steam  engine,  the  building  of railroads, 
the  evolution  of  manufacture,  carried 
new  methods  of  working  and living to 
every  family.  The  shoemaker  no  long 
er  made  shoes  and the  tailor  no longer 
made  clothes.  The scythe  and  sickle 
were  laid  aside  for  the  mowing  ma 
chine  and the reaper.  Transportation 
and  manufacture  brought  people  ten 
gether.  The  cities  grew  with  astound 
ing  pace,  and  gathered  to  themselves 
all  the  quickening  and  nervous  im 
pulse  and  development  of  the  time. 
Thither  the  farm  boys  and  the  farm 
girls  flocked.  I  do  not  blame  them; 
for  I  went  myself. 

"I  do  not  blame  the  butterfly  if  it 
seeks  the  flower,  the  moth  if  it  flies 
to  the candle,  nor the bird  if  it  revels 
in  the  color  and the  perfume  of the 
tangle,  or the brook  if  it  tumbles  pell 
mell  into  the  sea.  All  things  must 
find 
live 
their  level,  and  all  must 
where  life  is  best  and struggle  for  ex 
istence  is  least. 

"The  farmer  does  not need  so  many 
boys  as formerly,  for two men can  do 
the  haying  in a week,  and  ride  to town 
on  the  bicycle  after  supper.  But  the 
serious  part  of  it  is,  for  agriculture, 
that  the brightest  and most  ambitious 
boys  went  to  town.  They  were  the 
ones  who were  anxious  to  learn.  In 
fact,  they  must  learn,  for the business 
was  new.  The intellectual  awakening 
was  itself  a  reward.  Schools  of me 
chanics  of  every  description  were 
opened  and were  soon  crowded,  fed  by 

the  ninety  per cent  of  the  farm  boys 
who  had quit  the  farm.  The ten per 
cent  or  thereabouts  which  remained 
on  the farm  could  not fill  many  agri 
cultural  colleges,  and  there  was little 
instruction  which  in  novel  and imme 
diate  practicability  could  compete  with 
the  other.  The rise  of  the  school  of 
mechanics  was  merely  a  necessity  of 
the  times." 

"But  there  is  another  phase  to  this 
migration  which  seems  to  have  es 
caped  notice,  and an  understanding of 
which  will  save  us  much  anxiety and 
prevent  the  drawing  of many  false  con 
clusions.  The farmer  is his own  mas 
ter.  He works  for himself.  As a  rule, 
he  does  not employ  more  than  one  or 
two  men, and these  not  permanently. 
Comparatively  few  men are  endowed 
with  talents  which  fit  them  for  the 
executive  management  of  a  business. 
Consider  the young  men of  any rural 
community.  How many  of  them  can 
manage  a  business  enterprise?  How 
many  can sell  the produce  of  a  single 
farm  to advantage?  These  men go to 
the  city  and are employed.  One in  a 
thousand—nay,  one in ten  thousand— 
rises  to the ownership  or  directorship 
of  the enterprise;  but we compare the 
farmer  with  this  one!  You  contrast 
the  condition  of the small  farmer  with 
that  of  the  manufacturer:  must  you 
not  rather  compare  the  farmer  with 
the  working  man?  Must  you  not com 
pare  one man with  one man,  one dol 
lar's  capital  with  one dollar's  capital, 
not  one man with  the  combined  pro 
ductiveness  and  vital  force  of two  hun 
dred  well  trained  men?  The  manu 
facturer  not  only  makes  money  from 
his  wares,  but from  his men.  Men are 
a  part  of  the capital,  which,  by  supe 
rior  tact  and  skill,  he  makes  produc 
tive.  The farmer  has  only  his  wares 
to  sell.  Compare,  with  me, the  aver 
age  John  who staid  on the farm  with 
the  average  John  who  went  to the city, 
and  the former  will  not  suffer  in the 
comparison. 

"All  this  shifting  unrest  was inten 
sified  by the sudden  opening  up of  the 
virgin  lands  of  the  west.  The  great 
new  country  must  he  settled,  and lands 
which,  had  they  been 
in  the  east, 
would  have  been  worth  a  hundred  dol 
lars  an  acre,  were  almost  forced  upon 
the  home-seeker.  This  came  at a  time 
"when  the armies  of the civil  war were 
disbanding,  and hundreds  of men  who 
had  no  ties  of 
land  or  of  business 
hastened  to  the  country  beyond  the 
Mississippi.  The result  was that  the 
eastern  country  was  further  drained of 
its  ambitious  young  men,  and  the west 
was  settled  too  rapidly  for  its own 
good.  Speculation,  which  nearly  al 
ways  precedes  the  legitimate  agricul 
tural  occupation  of  a  country,  became 
flagrant.  Men  took  up too much  land. 
The  markets  were  far  removed.  Only 
the  staple  products  could  be  grown. 
The  vagaries  of  the  climate  "were not 
well  understood,  and  in  the  absence 
of  judicious  management  of his condi 
tions,  joined  with  many  circumstances 
wholly  beyond  his control,  the  farmer 
either  produced  enormous  crops  or al 
most  wholly  failed. 
Such  unstable 
and  alternating  conditions  always  pro 
duce  unrest.  The  mortgages  of  the 
speculative  era matured,  and the over-
stimulated  towns  collapsed.  The  crisis 
has  come;  and  since  the  manufactur 
ing 
interests  are  small,  agriculture 
takes  the brunt.  It  is  the natural  re 
sult  of  overstimulation,  and too rapid, 
and  too promiscuous  settlements.  The 
discouragements  may  be great;  but al 
though 
there  are  various  emollients 
which  may  soothe  and  pacify,  the only 
complete  healer  is  Time. 

"Great  movements  and  reajustments 
similar  to these  are frequent  in  nature. 

There  is  universal  and  intense  strug 
gle  for  existence.  Any plant  or  ani 
mal  left  wholly  to  itself  would  cover 
all  that  portion  of  the earth  in  which 
it  can live,  in a  few years;  and there 
upon  there  would  arise  a  fierce  conflict 
with  itself.  But there  are  thousands 
upon  thousands  of  plants  and animals, 
all  intent  upon  the one  purpose  of  per 
petuating  their  kind.  Clear  off  the 
forest,  and  how  quickly  the pokeweeds 
and  thistles  spring  for  the  opening, 
and  how  intense  the  conflict!  New 
countries  abound  in  such 
readjust 
ments.  The early  New England  had 
scourges  of  caterpillars,  our  own 
northwest  has  its  Russian 
thistles, 
Australia  its rabbits,  Jamaica  its mon 
goose,  the Pampas  their  cardoons, and 
Egypt  had its plagues;  and every  farm 
repeats  the story  on a  smaller  scale. 

industrial  movement 

"There  was  an  economic  equilibri 
um.  One  hand  served  the other.  Two 
mighty  forces  appeared.  One  was  the 
great 
following 
the  opening  of  the era  of  invention; 
the  other  was  the opening  of the great 
west.  The  new  enterprises,—manu 
facture  and its  train  of  servants,—fit 
ted  themselves  to  the  new  condition 
because  they  were  new, but  agricul 
ture,—oldest  of  arts,  stereotyped  and 
hardened  by  the  traditions  of  centu 
ries,—agriculture  went  under  the  wave, 
and  she  is  just  now  emerging  drip 
ping  with  the tears  of her sorrows but 
with  her face  towards  the rising sun! 
"There  are  those  who prophesy  by 
figuring  out  the period  at  which  popu 
lation  will  overtake  productiveness the 
time  when  the farmer  will  be  prosper 
ous;  but such  prognostication  is of  lit 
tle  value  because  the  conditions  may 
radically  change  within  the time, and 
the  adjustment  is  constantly  progres 
sing.  The  abandoned  farms  of the east 
is  one  indication  of  this  adjustment, 
and  is  one of  the  most  hopeful  signs 
that  farmers  are  really  fitting 
them 
selves  to the new  economic  conditions. 
Every  unprofitable  farm,  like  every  un 
profitable 
factory,  should  be  closed, 
and  agriculture  will  be immensely the 
gainer  thereby.  It  is the operation of 
the  inevitable  struggle  for  existence 
that  clarifies  and  strengthens  any  oc 
cupation.  The  fire  refines  the  gold. 
Agriculture  must  pay,  because  there 
must  be  agriculture.  The  man  who 
cannot  make  it  pay in  the  long run, 
is  the one who  is not  fitted to  engage 
in  it,  and we  should  wish  him  God 
speed  if  he  leaves  the  farm.  Special 
legislative  relief  may  alleviate  the bur 
dens,  but it only  delays  the day  of  sor 
row  when  the  fittest  must  survive. We 
have  been  taught  to think,  I  fear,  that 
right 
agriculture  has  some  divine 
which  other  occupations  have  not; but 
it  is only  one  of the  many  human  insti 
tutions  which  must  live  or die  upon its 
merits. 

"The  success  of any  business,  from  a 
commercial  standpoint,  is measured by 
the  rate  of  its earnings.  Consider the 
capital  invested  in any farm.  One  hun 
dred  acres  of  land  in the best  parts of 
Michigan  or  New  York,  with  good 
buildings  and in a  good  state  of  culti 
vation,  is  worth  not more  than  $4,000 
or  $5,000,  and the equipment  will add 
not  more  than  $1,000  to  this  amount. 
this  investment  of  $6,000  the 
Upon 
farmer 
lives  in  substantial  comfort, 
and  rears  a  family;  and he often  lives 
upon  half  this  capital.  What  business 
can  show  a  like  earning?  This, you 
may  say, is  true  if  the  farm  is not 
mortgaged,  but  the 
interest  on  a 
mortgage  takes  the  bread  from  the 
children's  mouths. 
True,  and  so  it 
from  any  other  business.  A 
does 
mortgage  is not capital  invested;  it is, 
money  borrowed.  It  reduces  the capi 
tal  stock  by its face  value  plus  the  in-

JUNE,  22, 1897. 

T HE  M.  A'.  C.  R E C O R D. 

3 

and 

terest.  The  farm  mortgage  is  com 
monly  misunderstood.  In  the  west,  as 
already  indicated,  the  mortgages  are 
largely  the  result  of  speculation  and 
over-development; 
they  were 
made  upon  a  rising  market  and are be 
ing  paid  up on a falling  market.  While 
the  condition 
is  serious  and  even 
alarming,  it  is  the  result  of  unusual 
conditions,  and  the  misfortune  cannot 
be  corrected  in  a  day.  It  will  right 
itself  with  time,  but the  present  gener 
ation  must  necessarily  bear  the  brunt 
In  the  east,  the  ques 
of  the  burden. 
tion  of  mortgages  upon  farms  is  not 
essentially  different  from  the  general 
question  of  doing  business  upon  bor 
rowed  capital.  Many  of  the  mortgages 
represent  the  purchase  money  of  the 
farm,  and  are  carried  decade  by  de 
cade,  and  sometimes  generation  by 
generation,  and  represent 
the  same 
kind  of  business  that  the  borrowed 
capital  of  the  merchant  does.  The dif 
ference  is  that  the  merchant  foresees 
his  downfall  and  gradually  works  in 
to  another  business;  but  the  farmer 
hopes  against  fate,  maintains  the  same 
methods,  stands  the same  ground,  until 
the  sheriff  sells  him out. 

"Statistics  of  mortgages  must  be 
studied  with  the  greatest  caution,  for 
it  is  a  fact  that  very  many  mortgages 
which  have  been  paid  have  never  been 
legally  discharged  and  thereby  remain 
upon  the  records.  The  greater  the 
number  of  mortgages  in  any  com 
munity,  the  more  emphatic  is the  evi 
dence  of  business  done  upon  a  ficti 
tious  basis.  How many  of these  mort 
gages  represent  actual  failure  to  main 
tain  the  farm,  it  is  impossible  to  esti 
mate;  but  in  any  case,  mortgages  are 
evidence  of  faith  in the  paying  power 
of  farming." 

The  instance  of  the  low  price  of 
wheat  is  almost  universally  cited  as 
proof  that  the farmer  can no longer  af 
ford  to  raise  this  crop.  This  may  be 
true  as  a  general  statement,  but  those 
men  who  are  able  to  average  more 
than  thirty  bushels  of  wheat  to  the 
acre  can  yet  make  over  one  hundred 
per  cent  upon  the annual  outlay.  The 
case  was  cited  of 
the  Cornell  Uni 
versity  farm,  upon  which  for  the  last 
fifteen  years  the  general  wheat  crops 
have  averaged  thirty-six  bushels  to the 
acre.  At  eighty  cents  a  bushel,  this 
wheat  amounts  to twenty-eight  dollars 
'an  acre,  and  the straw  sells  readily  in 
that  country  for  five  dollars  a  ton, 
which  is  equivalent  to  an  average  of 
ten  dollars  an  acre.  This  makes  a 
gross  return  from  an  acre  of  land, 
counting  the  average  yield  of  many 
years,  with  considerably  less  than  the 
average  price,  to  be  thirty-eight  dol 
lars  per  acre;  and  the  cost  of  raising 
wheat  runs  from  twelve  to  fifteen  dol 
lars  per  acre.  In  other  words,  an ex 
penditure  of  fifteen  dollars  upon  a 
capital  of  from  thirty  to  fifty  dollars 
brings  in  a  net  income  of  twenty-two 
dollars.  The  farmer  who  raises  from 
six  to  fifteen  bushels  of  wheat  to the 
acre  cannot  afford  to  grow  the  crop; 
but  the  man  who  averages  thirty-six 
bushels  may  grow  it  year  after  year 
with  fairly  satisfactory  results.  The 
low  price  of  any  commodity  bears 
most  heavily  upon  those  whose  yields 
are  least,  because  the margin  of  profit 
is  small. 

_ 

The  speaker  is  convinced  that  there 
are  certain  economic 
ills  which  af 
flict  agriculture.  Amongst  the  rest  he 
thinks  that  land  bears  an  undue  pro 
portion  of  taxation,  taking  the  coun 
try  over.  He  also  prophesies  the  vir 
tual  closing  out  of  the  common  dis 
trict  schools  and  the  aggregation  of 
pupils  in the hamlets  and towns  where 
they  can  receive  better 
instruction 
than  in  the  country,  and  suggested 

that  it  may  be  necessary  to  devise 
some  means  of  conveying  the  pupils 
from  the  remoter  districts  to  these 
central  schools.  He  held  that  while 
we  commonly  regard  the  decadence  of 
the  district  schools  to  be  a  great  mis 
fortune,  that  nevertheless  it  is  the re 
sult  of  perfectly  natural  conditions, 
due  very  largely  to  the  fact  that  with 
the  invention  of  farm  machinery  not 
more  than  one-third  as  many  people 
are  needed  in the  country  as  formerly; 
and  if  it  is the  result  of  a  natural  con 
dition,  we  must  accept  the  situation 
philosophically  and  provide  for  the 
new  conditions. 

There  is  a  tendency  also  in  some 
parts  of  the country  towards  the  merg 
ing  of  small  estates  into  large  hold 
ings;  but this  is  simply  due to  the re 
adjustment  of  agriculture  to  the  new 
conditions  by means  of  which  the  less 
valuable  lands  are  segregated  into  es 
tates  sufficiently  large  to  be  self-sup 
porting. 
It  is  easy  to  see  that  if  cer 
tain  land  is  capable  of  yielding  ten 
dollars  an  acre  profit,  it  is  only  a  mat 
ter  of  mathematics  to  figure  out  the 
area  which  will  be  needed  to  produce 
the  necessary  income  to  maintain  a 
family.  The segregation  of  farms  into 
large  estates 
is  comparable,  in  the 
speaker's  opinion,  with  the  segregation 
of  labor  into  large  manufacturing  en 
terprises.  He  regards  the  movement, 
therefore,  with  no  particular  appre 
hension.  On  the  other  hand,  there  is 
small 
a  decided 
farms  in  the  region  of  the  large  cities 
and  upon  a  better  class  of  lands,  and 
it  is  in  this  intensive  farming  that  the 
individuality  of  the  American  farmer 
must  be  maintained  in  the  future. 

tendency 

towards 

there 

Quotations  were  given  from  history 
showing  that  the  present  agricultural 
status  is  intrinsically  not so  bad as  it 
has  been  at other  times.  For  instance, 
the  opening  of the present  century saw 
very  great  agricultural  stringency,  and 
even  in  the  days  of  Vergil  the  hus 
bandman  was  not  prosperous.  The 
difficulty  has  been  in  all  the  centuries 
that  the  farmer  has  really  not  under 
stood  his  business.  This  means  that 
agriculture  is  intrinsically  one  of  the 
best  pursuits,  because 
is  no 
other  which  would  give  millions  of 
men  such  comfortable  livings  through 
out  the centuries  with  so little  expend 
iture  of  capital  and  so  little  attention 
to 
the  education  of  the  individual. 
The  farmer  must  rise  by  his  own in 
trinsic  worth  and  energy.  All  the  ills 
of  agriculture  are  comparatively  inci 
dental,  and  they  can  be  removed  only 
when  the  farmer  himself  has  arrived 
at  that  state  of  knowledge  and  culture 
which  will  enable  him  to  see the  dif 
ficulties  and  to  demand  their  correc 
tion.  The  unrest  in  the  west  at  the 
present  time  is  the  result  of  the  over-
settlement  and  overstimulation  of  the 
It  is  the  natural  result  of 
country,. 
speculation  and  inflation.  The  early 
movers  of  vast  enterprises  are  very 
largely 
experimenters,  and  experi 
menters  rarely  make  money.  The re 
adjustment  will  come  in  the  west  in 
the  course  of  time,  but  in  the  mean 
time  it  may be expected  to  bear  heavi 
ly  upon  the  population. 

Education, 

therefore,  is 

the  only 
permanent  salvation  of  agriculture. 
While  the  present  conditions  are  seri 
ous  and regrettable,  nevertheless  some 
such  crisis  is  needed  in  order  to  teach 
the  farmers  the all-important  fact  that 
they  must  compete  with  their  fellows 
upon  their  merits,  not only  as  farmers, 
but  as  citizens;  and  if  other  members 
of  the  body  politic  must  be  educated 
and  progressive  and  wide-awake,  the 
farmer  cannot  expect  to  keep  pace un 
less  he has reached  similar  intellectual 
stature.  He  spoke  of  the  fact  that 

mueh  of the  teaching  of  agriculture  is 
a  mere  teaching  of  rules  and  precepts, 
but  the  teaching  which  is  to  work  the 
salvation  of  the  country  must  be  in 
struction  in  fundamental  laws, in  prin 
ciples,  in  general  good  citizenship,  and 
in  that  type  of  mind  which  can  appre 
ciate  the  amenities  of  life. 
It  is  cer 
tain  that  agriculture  must  pay  because 
people  must  have  the  produce  of  the 
earth,  but the speaker  pointed  out  that 
agriculture  is  not the  only  bulwark  of 
our  civilization,  for  transportation  and 
manufacture  are  now  equally  impor 
tant.  There  is  no  need,  therefore,  for 
class  legislation  in  order  to  help  the 
farmer;  he must  help  himself,  and  just 
as  soon  as  he  is  capable  of  helping 
himself,  will  the  incidental  and  symp 
tomatic  ills,  which  are  now  the  sub 
ject  of  so  much  concern,  vanish  into 
prosperity. 

Use  of  Calipers. 

H  E.  SMITH. 

The  machinist  of  today,  in  searching 
through  the  catalogs  of  different  tool-
makers,  finds  a  variety  of  instruments 
for  making  linear  measurements,—ver 
niers,  micrometers,  standard  ring  and 
plug  gauges,  and,  last  of  all,  finely 
graduated  steel  scales.  Many  of  the 
first  named  instruments  are  complete 
in  themselves  for  use  on  either  cylin 
drical  or  flat  surfaces.  The scales may 
be  easily  used  on  flat  surfaces,  but for 
many  measurements,  as  the  bore  of  a 
pulley  hub, it  is  convenient  to  use an 
auxiliary  instrument  called  a  caliper. 
The  caliper  used  for  this  purpose  is 
similar  to a pair  of  dividers  or compas 
ses,  having  two  arms,  a  hinged  joint, 
and  often  a  screw  for  adjusting  the 
points.  In place of  the sharp  points of 
the  dividers,  the  calipers  have  blunt 
tips  which  are turned  away  from  each 
other  so that  they  will be the only  part 
of  the  instrument  in  contact  with  the 
work.  This  form  is  known  as  an "in 
side"  caliper.  For  measuring  the  out 
side  diameter  of  objects  another  form, 
the  "outside"  caliper,  is  used. 
This 
form  has  the  legs  bowed  so  that  the 
tips  are  turned  towards  each  other. 
Either  of  these  instruments  is  called 
"a  pair"  of  calipers. 

In  using  either  of  these  calipers, 
they  may  be  set  so  that  the  tips  just 
touch  the surfaces  between  which  the 
measurement  is  to  be  taken  and  then 
laid  upon  the seale  to determine the di 
mension,  or  they  may  be  first  set  by 
the scale  and then  tried, to see  whether 
they  will  pass  over  the  object. 
In 
either  case  the  method  of  reading  the 
distance  between  the  points  is  impor 
tant. 

The  scale  used  should  be  straight, 
stiff,  and  graduated  with  fine  lines. 
The  distance  required  is  the  distance 
from  center  to  center  of  some  two of 
these  lines.  If  the  scale  is  new  with 
perfect  ends,  the  dimension  may  be 
taken  from  the  end of  the  scale.  But 
the  ends  of  scales  become  worn  and 
rounded  and  besides  this,  the  end di 
vision  may  be  in  error  by  a 
small 
amount.  Hence,  it  is  always  well  to 
check  the  dimension  by  taking  differ 
ences  between  divisions  in the  body of 
the  scale.  In  determining  whether  or 
not  the point  of  the caliper  is  at  a di 
vision,  care  must  be taken  that  the line 
of  sight  makes  a  right  angle  with  the 
edge  of  the  scale,  otherwise  the  point 
may  appear  to  be  just  at  a  division 
when  in  reality  it  is  n ot  The  use of 
steel  scales  is  trying  to  the  eyes.  The 
best  light  obtainable  should  be  used 
and  long  continued  staring  at  finely 
surfaces  avoided.  With 
graduated 
practice  calipers  may be set to  marked 
graduations  on  a  good  scale  with  an 

error  of  one  or  two  one-thousands  of 
an  inch. 

the 

to  be 

Use  is  made  of  the  calipers  without 
is  re 
the  scale  when  the  workman 
quired  to fit one piece to another  which 
has  been  machined,  as in turning  up a 
shaft  to  fit  the  bore  of  a  w'heel.  To 
do  this  the size  of the bore  is found  by 
applying  the • inside  calipers,  then  the 
outside  calipers  are adjusted,  using  the 
inside  calipers  in place of  a  scale.  The 
shaft  may be  required  to drive  tightly 
into  the hub without  splitting  it,  to fit 
so  that  the  wheel  may  be  crowded  on 
with  little  trouble,  or 
loose 
enough  for  the  wheel  to  turn  easily 
upon  it.  If  the bore  of  the  wheel  and 
the  shaft  be  true  and  smooth,  the  dif 
ference  in  size  between  the  drive  and 
slip  fit  for  a  shaft  of  two  or 
three 
inches  diameter  will  be  but  three  or 
four  thousandths  of an  inch.  This  dif 
ference  may be  allowed  for  in  adjust 
inside  calipers  to  the  bore. 
ing 
Skill  in  this  work  is  necessary  to the 
machinist  and may be obtained  only by 
practice.  Lack  of  such  skill  is  often 
indicated  by the workman's  taking  the 
work  from  his  machine  and  trying  it 
to  see  if  it  will  fit  the  other  piece. 
When  such  procedure  is  impossible,  a 
mechanic  of  this  type  stands  an  excel 
lent  chance  of  spoiling  his  work. 
In  actual  practice  it  is  found 

that 
scarcely  any two men adjust  their  cali 
pers  alike.  Each  man has his own pe 
culiarities 
habit, 
steadiness  of  hand,  delicacy  of  his 
sense  of  touch,  and  so  on.  One man 
will  adjust  a  pair  of  calipers  to  his 
work  so  they  barely  touch,  while  an 
other  will  do  the  same  work,  getting 
equally  good  results,  but setting  his so 
that  they  spring  apart  in  passing  over 
the work.  The first man can,  as a  rule, 
do  good  work  with  any  pair  given 
him;  the  second,  if  given  a pair  not so 
stiff  as the ones he is  accustomed  to, is 
liable  to  make  mistakes  until  he be 
comes  used  to  his new tool.  The  rea 
son  is  that  he  judges  the  size  by  the 
force  necessary  to  pass  the  calipers 
over  the  work. 

depending 

upon 

The  steel  scale  and  calipers  are 
among  the  simplest  tools  used  by  the 
machinist.  They  are  among  the  first 
tools  owned  by  the  young  mechanic, 
and  he must,  as  a  rule,  become  skilled 
in  their  use before  he can win the  bet 
ter  position  and higher  pay which  will 
enable  him  to  purchase  finer 
tools. 
Such  skill  can be gained  only  by  prac 
tice.  A good  way to  get such  practice 
is  to  take  any  two  pieces  which  by 
chance  or good  workmanship  are well-
fitted  together,  and,  using  two  pairs 
of  calipers  as  has  been  explained,  ad 
just  a  pair  carefully  to  each  of  the 
pieces and then  try one pair  of  calipers 
in  the  other.  By  practice  and  by ob 
servation  of 
the  methods  of  good 
workmen  around  him, the  young  me 
chanic  may  soon  become  confident  in 
the  use  of  these  simple  tools  and win 
his  way through  their  use  to  a  better 
standing  in  the  working  world. 

Mechanical  Department. 

Over  the  Farm  Lane. 

Passing  along  the  excellent  gravel 
road  in  the  lane  which  extends  north 
and  south  through  the  farm  may  be 
seen  several  kinds  of  wire  fences  with 
well  constructed  gates.  Opposite  each 
field  is  a  conspicuous  label  giving  the 
number  of  the  field  and  the  experi 
ments  there  conducted. 

One  of  these  fields  contains  corn 
planted  in rows  running  east  and  west 
and  north  and  south.  These  rows  are 
so  accurately  marked  out  that  one 
standing  at  one  side  of  the  field  can 
distinguish  readily  rows  in  twenty-one 
directions. 

4 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  R E C O R D. 

JUNE  22, 

1897. 

At  the  College. 

Mrs.  W.  B.  Barrows  has  a  niece  vis 

iting  her. 

The  Congregational  Sunday  school 
and  church  society  picnic  at  the  Col 
lege  Wednesday. 

Orla  L.  Ayrs,  of  Elbridge,  called  at 
M.  A.  0.  Friday  and  Saturday.  He 
expects  to  become  a  student  here  a 
year  from  next  fall. 

Miss  Vallian  Johnson,  who  has  been 
visiting  Mrs.  R.  H.  Pettit  for  several 
this  evening  for  her 
weeks,  leaves 
home  ia  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Miss  Edith  McDerrnott  left  for  Pitts 
burg  and  Meadville, Pa.,  Monday  even 
ing.  She  will  spend  part  of  the  sum 
mer  vacation  at  Chautauqua. 

Those  who  are  going  away  for  the 
summer  or  a  part  of  it  would  do  well 
to  read  Editor  Bok's  article  in  the 
the 
June  Ladies'  Home  Journal  on 
fresh  air  fund. 

Mrs.  O.  Clute.  with  her  three  chil 
dren  who  are  at  home,  will  spend  the 
summer  with  her  daughter,  Mrs.  P. 
B.  Woodworth.  They  are  expected 
here  Friday  evening. 

Miss  Hat-tie  Chase,  '00,  will  not  re 
turn  to  M.  A.  C.  next  year.  She  left 
for 
South  Haven  Monday  evening 
Sioux  Falls,  S.  D.,  where  she  will 
teach  in  the  city  schools  next  year. 

The  junior  offices  for  next  year  are: 
President,  W.  H.  Flynne;  vice-presi 
dent,  Tressie  Bristol;  secretary.  Clara 
Stocoum;  treasurer,  A.  E.  Wallace; 
marshal,  F.  R.  Crane;  foot  ball  mana 
ger,  W.  K.  Brainerd;  base  ball  man 
ager,  G.  N.  Gould. 

Commencement  Week. 
[Continued  from  page  one.] 

ified.  Purely  physical  labor,  as  such, 
should  be  unknown  except  by  consent. 
2.  The  Board  of  Control  should  be 
named  by  the  alumni. 

it 

takes  much 

In  our  farming  as  well  as  in  all  in 
less  manual 
dustry 
labor  than  formerly.  There  must  con 
sequently  be  more 
for 
thought.  Brains  are  taking  the  place 
of  muscle.  The  agricultural  graduate 
must  be  a  planner,  manager.  Vigor 
ous  manual  labor  is  incompatible  with 
active  thought. 

taken 

time 

In  many  other  colleges  the  Board  of 
Control  is  chosen  by  the  alumni,  con 
spicuous  among  them  being  Yale.  The 
alumni  are  ever  loyal  to  this  College 
and  want  to  see  her  succeed.  There 
fore  I  recommend  the  repeal  of  the 
present  law  for  the  appointment  of  the 
board  and  have  the  power  placed  in 
the  hands  of  either  the  alumni  or  the 
people,  where  it  belongs. 

The  history  was  given  by  Prof. 
Wan-en  Babeock,  '90. who  gave  an  ac 
count  of  the  early  struggles  through 
which  our  College  passed  before  be 
ing  established  upon  its  present  firm 
basis.  We  today  forget  our  individual 
trials  in  the  glance  of  classmates  and 
friends.  There  was  great  educational 
activity  in  Michigan  at  the  time  of  the 
opening  of  this  College.  The  Michi 
gan  Agricultural  Society  in  1849  began 
to  battle  for  the  establishment  of  an 
agricultural  college.  There  was  no 
model.  Many  opponents  must  be 
silenced.  The  friends  of  the  move 
ment  early  concluded  that:  1.  Individ 
ual  or  corporate  enterprise  could  not 
be  depended  upon  to  install  an  institu 
tion  of  this  character.  2.  The  College 
must  not  be  an  annex  to  any  other  in 
stitution.  The  early  enthusiasts  ex 
pected  too  much  of  the  College,  and 
their  portion; 
disappointment  was 
abandonment  was  at  one  time  talked 
of.  But  the  College  lived  and  grew 

and  has  made  a  wonderful  progress. 
We  are  proud  of  the  record.  The  very 
difficulties  have  strengthened  the  Col 
lege.  The  rough  austere  surround 
ings  have 
trained  up  men,  genuine 
men. 

Necrologist  L.  A.  Bregger,  '88,  re 
ferred  very  briefly  to  those  who  have 
passed  to  the  "great  beyond"  since  our 
meeting  three  years  ago.  This  list  in 
cluded  the  following:  Albert  N.  Pren 
tiss,  '61; Frank  S.  Burton,  '67; Wm.  E. 
Frazer,  'TO;  E.  Burritt  Fairfield,  '71; 
'74;  Albert  A. 
Chas.  L. 
Crane,  '75;  George  E.  Breck,  '78;  J.  S. 
Pardee,  '78;  Clark  H.  Eldridge,  '83; 
Ernest  G.  Lodeman,  '89;  Orlando  A. 
Turner,  '90;  George  E.  Hancorne,  '90; 
'93;  Robert  S. 
('86);  Emile  Smith, 
Woodworth,  '94; Frank  X.  Jaques,  '96; 
President  Willits,  Col.  Wm.  B.  Mc-
Creery. 

Ingersoll, 

Following  this  came  an  excellent  ad 
dress  by  C.  B.  CoUingwood,  '85,  which 
we  hope  to  be  able  to  publish  in  full  at 
some  future  time,  but  of  which  we  can 
give  but  a  brief  outline  at  present.  The 
speaker  thinks  that  we  as  alumni  are  a 
peculiar  people.  We  represent  the  re 
sults  of  a  new  idea  in  education.  But 
I  wonder  if  we  appreciate  the  trend  of 
the  real  idea  embodied  in  our  College. 
Our  College  is  the  result  of  a  demand 
for  an  education  of  the  hand  as  well  as 
of  the  head;  of  a  demand  for  some  oth 
er  outlet  for  educated  men  than  the  so-
called  learned  professions. 

Mr.  CoUingwood  then dwelt  at  length 
on  the  financial  resources  of  the  Col 
lege  and  the  development  of  the  pres 
ent  ample  equipment. 

Now  comes  thequestion.has  the  land 
grant  college  paid?  Not  has  it  paid 
you  and  me,  but  has  it  paid  the  state 
and  nation?  We  are  sure  it  has  paid. 
But  are  we  doing  all  we  ought?  We 
ought  to  be  the  leaders.  Are  we?  Our 
object  is  not  to  compete  with  the  Uni 
versity,  but  to  take  students  from  the 
common  schools  and  train  head  and 
hand alike, training  for  life  and  citizen 
ship.  We  have  been  too  ambitious.  We 
should  have  1,000  students.  To  achieve 
this  we  must  come  into  closer  touch 
with  the  people  of  small  means. 
I 
would  call  a  halt  on  increasing  the  re 
quirements  for  admission  to  the  Col 
I. would  make  the  requirements 
lege. 
lower  rather  than  higher. 
The  ex 
penses  of  study  at  the  College  should 
be  reduced. 

Again  I  say, we  must  not  try  to  com 
pete  with  the  University.  We  have 
heard  almost  too  much  about  turning 
out  first-class  men.  We  must  try  to 
educate  more  second-class  men.  The 
reputation  of  our  College  should  con 
sist  in  its  doing  its  peculiar  work  bet 
ter  than  it  is  done  anywhere  else. 

I  wish  we  could  change  the  name  of 
our  College  to  "The  Michigan  School 
of  Applied  Science."  We  have  been  a 
little  too  narrow  in  our  scope.  We 
need  better  secondary  schools.  Why 
not  make  this  College  the  great  sec 
ondary  school  of  the  state?  Make  of 
it  a great  intermediate  scientific  school. 
Have  a  first-class  scientific  experimen 
tal  station  in  connection,  doing  work 
along  mechanical  as  well  as  agricul 
tural  lines. 

The  exercises  of  the  morning  ended 
with  a  poem,  "Then  and  Now,"  by  Ja 
son  E.  Hammond,  '86,  which  we  pub 
lish  in  another  column. 

T HE  B A N Q U E T. 
The  sun  had  already  passed  our  me 
ridian,  so  everybody  repaired  to  the 
armory  to  partake  of  the  feast  that  had 
been  prepared  by  Prof.  Edith  McDer 
mott  and  the  young  women  in the  cook 
ing  class.  With  scarcely  a  moment's 
delay  and  no  confusion  the  300  guests 
were  ushered  to  places  at  three  long 

tables  extending  the  length  of  the  ar 
mory.  And  what  a  contrast  was  there 
to  the  long  delays,  the  confusion,  lack 
of  room,  and  general  uncomfortable-
ness  of  the  banquet  in  '94.  The  tables 
were  neat  in  appearance  and  beauti 
fully  decorated  with  ferns,  the  menu 
was  simple  but  all-satisfying,  and  the 
service  was  prompt,  efficient,  orderly. 
Unbounded  praise  is  due  Miss  McDer 
mott  and  her  corps  of  able  assistants 
for  so  skilfully  carrying  out  this  im 
portant  feature  in  the  day's  exercises. 
At  the  close  of  the  repast  Prof.  L.  H. 
Bailey,  '82,  as  toastmaster,  called  on 
M. D. Chatterton,  with  '61; R. A.  Clark, 
'76;  John  Shelton,  '82;  Jason  E.  Ham 
mond,  '86;  WTilliam  C.  Latta,  '77.  and 
to 
H.  W.  Hart,  '97,  who 
short  toasts.  After  this  the  alumni 
called  for  speeches  from  C.  W.  Gar 
field,  '70;  A.  C.  Bird,  '83;  President 
Snyder,  Dr.  Beal,  Prof.  Wheeler,  Dr. 
Bion  Whelan,  '77,  and  W.  K.  Clute,  '96 
('86).  Dr.  Kedzie  and  Miss  McDer 
mott  were  also  called  for  but  had  left 
the  hall.  At  the  banquet  and  inter 
spersed  with  the  toasts  excellent  music 
was  rendered  by  Bristol's  orchestra. 

responded 

B U S I N E SS  M E E T I N G S. 

The  first  business  meeting  of  the 
Alumni  Association  was  held  in  the 
chemical  lecture  room  at  8:50  o'clock 
Thursday  morning,  with  M.  D.  Chat 
terton  presiding. 

The  secretary  read  the  report  of  the 
committee  on 
legislation,  which  set 
forth  the  belief  of  the  committee  that 
the  alumni  of  the  College  should  exer 
cise  an  "influence  in  its  management. 
The  report  also  gave  particulars  of 
work  done  by  the  committee  to  secure 
legislation  requiring  that  as  fast  as 
new  appointments  on  the  board  be 
come  necessary  at  least  half  the  ap 
pointees  be  alumni  of 
the  College. 
While  the  desired  legislation  was  not 
secured  the  committee  asserted  finally 
that  the  "principle  of  co-operation  be 
tween  the  alumni  and  the  governing-
board  is  too  important  to  abandon." 
The  report  was  adopted. 

The  secretary  read  a  communica 
tion  from  the  State  Board  of  Agricul 
ture  asking  for  the  appointment  of  an 
advisory  council  of  six  members  from 
the  alumni  to  meet  with  the  board 
from  time  to  time.  On motion  of  Frank 
Hodgman  the  communication  was  ac 
cepted  and  a  committee  of  three,  con 
sisting  of  Prof.  F.  S.  Kedzie,  Geo.  A. 
Hawley  and  K.  L.  Butterfield,  was  ap 
pointed  to  consider  the  communication 
and  report  thereon  at  the  afternoon 
meeting. 

On  motion  of  H.  M.  Wells  the  secre 
tary  was authorized  to  appoint  commit 
tees  on  resolutions  and  nominations. 
The  secretary  appointed  as  committee 
on  resolutions  Messrs.  Bion  Whelan, 
F.  B.  Mumford  and  F.  R.  Smith,  and 
on  nominations,  Messrs.  J.  E.  Ham 
mond,  L.  A.  Bregger,  C.  H,  Alvord, 
William  Petrie,  and  R.  A.  Clark. 

The  association  adjourned 
again  at  5  o'clock  o'clock  p.  m. 

to  meet 

Second  business  meeting:  The  com 
mittee  on nominations  reported  the  fol 
lowing  nominations:  President,  C.  L. 
Bemis,  '74;  vice  president,  J.  R.  Shel 
ton,  '82;  secretary,  K.  L.  Butterfield, 
'91;  treasurer,  F.  G.  Clark,  '90;  orator, 
W.  K.  Clute,  '96  ("86);  alternate,  J.  W. 
Rittinger,  '94;  historian,  L.  H.  Baker, 
'93;  alternate,  Mary  Carpenter  Mayo, 
'88;  poet,  C. B. Waldron,  '87;  alternate, 
J.  Y. Clark,  '85;  necrologist,  Lucy  Clute 
alternate,  Jennie 
Woodworth, 
Towar  Whitmore,  '86. 

'93; 

On  motion  the  secretary  was  author 
ized  to  cast  the  ballot  of  the  associa 
tion  for  the  officers  named. 

The  committee  on 

resolutions  re 
ported  the  following  resolutions,  which 
were  unanimously  adopted: 

Resolved,  That  we  thank  the  State 
Board  of  Agriculture  for  their  hospi 
tality  on  this  occasion. 

That  we  heartily  approve  of  the  un 
selfish  devotion  of  the  State  Board  of 
Agriculture  to  the  College  and  of  their 
business-like  management  of 
its  af 
fairs,  believing  that  they  have  con 
stantly  in  view  the  best  interests  of  the 
institution. 

That  we  commend  the  policy  which 
has  recognized  the  Alumni  Association 
by  placing  so  many  of  its  members  on 
the  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 

That  we  approve  of  teh  establish 
ment  of  the  women's  course,  believing 
it  to  be  conducive  to  the  present  wel 
fare  and  future  prosperity  of  the  insti 
tution. 

courses  are  within 

That  we  approve  of 

the  establish-
in  agriculture,  horticulture  and  dairy 
ing.  These 
the 
reach  of  every  young man  or  woman  in 
the  state  and  will  aid  greatly  in  bring 
ing  the  College  closer  to  the  people, 
and 

Resolved,  That  any  action  tending  to 
abolish  the  present  student  labor  sys 
tem  will  be  detrimental  to  the  highest 
good  of  our  institution. 

The  committee  appointed  to  consider 
che  proposition  of  the  board  relative  to 
an  advisory  council  of  the  alumni  rec 
ommended  the  adoption  of  the  recom 
mendation,  and  also  that  the  incoming 
president  of  the  association 
appoint 
such  a  council,  the  members  of  which 
shall  each  serve  until  the  next  alumni 
reunion.  The  report  was  amended  so 
that  the  president,  secretary  and  Jason 
E.  Hammond  be  the  appointing  power, 
and  was then  adopted. 

The  association  adjourned  sine  die. 

A N N I V E R S A RY  E X E R C I S E S. 

At  3 o'clock  in  the  College chapel  the 
40th  anniversary  of  the  establishment 
of  the College  was  celebrated  in  a  most 
becoming  manner.  Hon.  C.  J.  Monroe, 
who was  one  of  the  first  students  in  the 
first  class,  presided. 
In  his  brief  ad 
dress  he  gave  many  interesting  details 
of  early  life  among  the  stumps  at  the 
College.  No  contrast  could  have  been 
than  the  picture  which  he 
greater 
drew  of  the  then  and  the  picture  which 
we  could  see  of  the  now. 

, 

Following  this  was  a  poem  on  "Forty 
Years  Ago"  by  Frank  Hodgman,  '62. 
Into  this  fact  and  fancy  were  most  hap 
pily  interwoven,  the  whole  forming  a 
most  delightful  bit  of  early  College 
history. 

to 

the 

that 

their 

since 

relation 

The  principal  address  was  given  by 
Hon.  George  Willard  of  Battle  Creek, 
who was  a  member  of  the  board  of  edu 
cation  at  the  time  when  the  College 
was  under  this  body.  He  was  present 
and  took  part  in  the  dedicatory  cere 
monies  of  the  College.  His  address 
the  general  progress 
summed  up 
of 
time,  espe 
events 
relation  to  the  Col 
cially  in 
lege  and  in 
effect 
of  the  College  in  general  progress.  To 
his  mind  not  only  had  the  College  done 
a  great  work  by  directly 
influencing 
those  students  who  came  in  contact 
with  it  but  far  broader  had  its  effect 
been  on  other  institutions  of  learning 
in  forcing  them  to  enlarge  and  broaden 
the  courses  of  study.  An  education 
means  a  vastly  different  thing  at  this 
time.  Music was  delightfully 
inter 
spersed,  and  followrflg 
the  principal 
address  were  brief  remarks  by  Hon. 
Wm.  Ball  of  the  State  Agricultural  So 
ciety,  Hon.  Geo. B.  Horton  of  the  State 
Grange,  Hon.  G. F.  Daniels  of  the  Far 
mers'  clubs,  and  Profs.  Latta  and  Sat-
erlee  of  the  alumni.  The  exercises  were 
interesting  and  instructive. 
It  is  how 
ever  to  be  regretted  that  they  were  of 
necessity  sandwiched  into  an  already 
overjfull  day.  The  principal  meeting 

JUNE  22, 

1897. 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  B E C O BD 

of  the  day  should  be  the  alumni  busi 
ness  meeting,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  t h at 
in  the  future 
literary  exercises  of  all 
kinds  shall  be  subordinated  to  that. 

P r e s i d e n t 's  R e c e p t i o n. 

T h u r s d ay 

evening  President 

a nd 
t he 
Mrs.  Snyder  gave  a  reception 
to 
the 
students,  faculty  and  visitors  at 
College,  and  for  several  hours 
their 
mansion  w as  filled  with  guests.  P r e s. 
and  Mrs.  Snyder  received 
li 
brary,  which  w as  decorated  w i th  pan-
sies  and  maiden-hair  ferns,  as  were 
also  the  parlor  and  drawing-room.  Re 
freshments  were  served  in  t he  dining-
room,  which  w as  in  charge  of  Mrs.  El 
gin  Mifflin. 

t he 

in 

Alumni  day  closed  with  an  informal 
hop  in  t he  armory,  which  w as  attend 
ed  by  about  forty  couples  a nd  proved 
a  very  enjoyable  affair.  T he  program 
included  sixteen  regular  n u m b e rs  and 
four  extras,  and 
fur 
nished  by  Bristol's  orchestra. 

the  music  was 

C o m m e n c e m e nt  Day. 
The  exercises  of  commencement  day 
were  held  in  the  a r m o ry  at  t en  o'clock 
F r i d ay  morning. 
It  w as  a  bright,  cool 
morning  and  a  very  large  audience  lis-: 
lened 
t he  exercises. 
Following  is  t he  p r o g r a m: 

to  and  enjoyed 

Invocation,  Rev.  J o hn  P.  Sanderson; 
solo,  E.  T.  Woodruff;  address,  "The 
Agriculturalist  of  Tomorrow,"  J.  W. 
Rigterink,  representing  the  Agricultur 
al  Course;  paper,  "The  Tendencies  of 
Steam  Engineering,"  E.  H.  Sedgwick, 
the  Mechanical  Course; 
representing 
Address,  " T he  Agricultural 
music. 
Status,"  L.  H.  Bailey,  Professor 
in 
Cornell  University;  .solo,  E.  T.  Wood 
ruff. 

T he  a d d r e ss  by  Prof.  Bailey  w as  a 
masterpiece,  the  best  estimate  of 
the 
agricultural  situation  it  has  ever  been 
in 
our  pleasure  to  hear.  We  publish 
another  column  an  a b s t r a ct  of  t he  ad 
dress,  which  every  reader  of  T HE  REC 
ORD  should  read  and  ponder. 

At  this  time  Dr.  E d w a r ds  m a de  the 
presentation  of  a w a r ds  in  the  contest 
in  oratory  and  debate.  To  Miss  Pearl 
Kedzie  w as  given 
the  orator's  gold 
medal,  and  to  A.  T.  Cartland,  winner 
of  the  debate,  a  set  of  L a r n e d 's  "His 
(5  vol 
tory 
umes). 

for  Ready  Reference" 

in  behalf  of 

President  Snyder  then  gave  an  im 
the  graduating 
to 
pressive  address 
class,  after  which, 
the 
S t a te  Board  of  Agriculture,  he  confer 
red  upon  W.  W.  Daniels,  '64,  the  de 
gree  of  Doctor  of  Science,  upon  C.  P. 
Close,  '95, 
t he  degree  of  Master  of 
Science,  a nd  upon  t he  m e m b e rs  of  the 
g r a d u a t i ng  class  the  degree  of  Bache 
lor  of  Science.  Following  a re 
the 
n a m es  of  the  g r a d u a t e s: 

W a l t er  G.  Amos,  Albert  E.  Brown, 
A.  T.  Cartland,  Sadie  D.  Champion,  H. 
A.  Dibble,  Geo.  N.  E a s t m a n,  J a m es  H. 
Elliott,  Sanford  H.  Fulton,  W m.  R. 
Goodwin,  E d w a rd  C.  Green,  H e r b e rt 
VV.  H a r t,  Charles  F.  H e r r m a n n,  W m. 
S.  Howland,  Cass  B.  Laitner,  J.  De-
W i tt  McLouth,  L e w is  S.  Munson,  Geo. 
A.  P a r k e r,  Scott  J.  Redfern,  J o hn  W. 
Rigterink,  E r n e st  A.  Robinson,  E. 
Dwight  Sanderson,  E a rl  H.  Sedgwick, 
Irving  L.  Simmons, 
El wood  Shaw, 
Vadim  A.  Sobennikoff,  Herbert  E.  Van 
Norman,  Amy  Vaughn. 

a nd 

Then  came  t he  presentation  of  diplo 
mas, 
t he  memorable  commence 
m e nt  week  of  1897  was  a  p a rt  of  his 
tory. 

Those  W ho  Came. 

Below  is  a  list  of  the  graduates  and 
former  students  w ho  attended  the  al-
lumni  reunion.  T he  list  includes  the 
names  of  all  w ho  registered  (except  the 

class  of 
'97,  whose  n a m es  a re  given 
elsewhere),  and  of  as  m a ny  others  as 
we  can  recall: 

W I TH 

'61. 

M.  D.  Chatterton,  L a n s i n g;  C.  J. 
Monroe,  South  Haven;  F.  W.  Redfern, 
Maple  Rapids. 

CLASS  OF 

'62. 

F r a nk  Hodgmau,  Climax. 

CLASS  OF 
Daniel  Strange,  Grand  Ledge. 
C L A SS  OF 

'67. 

'69. 

J a m es  Satterlee,  Greenville;  J.  S. 

Strange,  Grand  Ledge. 
CLASS  OF 

'70. 

George  A.  F a r r,  Grand  H a v e n; 
Charles  W.  Garfield,  Grand  Rapids;  T. 
W.  Crissy  (with)  Midland. 
'73. 

C L A SS  OF 

Charles  W.  Hume,  Corunna. 

C L A SS  OF 

'74. 

J ay  Sessions,  Maple  Rapids. 

C L A SS  OF 

'75. 

Charles  Goodwin,  Owosso. 

C L A SS  OF 

'76. 

Fisk  Bangs,  Belding;  R.  A.  Clark, 
Pittsburg,  Pa,;  G.  L.  Stannard,  Elm-
dale. 

CLASS  OF 

'77. 

C.  I.  Goodwin,  Ionia;  W.  C.  Latta, 
Lafayette,  Ind.;  Bion  Whelan,  Hills 
dale;  F.  S.  Kedzie,  M.  A.  C. 

CLASS  OF 

'79. 
A.  A.  Crozier,  M.  A.  C. 
'§1. 

C L A SS  OF 

D.  S.  Lincoln,  Big  Rapids;  E.  C  Mc-
Kee,  L a i n g s b u r g; 
J.  F.  Root,  Ply 
m o u t h;  G.  A.  Young  (with)  E a t on  Rap 
ids. 

CLASS  OF 

'82. 

L.  H.  Bailey,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.;  J.  E. 
Coulter  and  Alice  Weed  Coulter,  Grand 
Rapids;  J o hn  R.  Shelton,  Grand  Rap 
ids. 

C L A SS  OF 

'83. 

A.  C.  Bird,  Highland;  A.  M.  Emery, 
L a n s i n g;  H.  M.  Weed,  E a t on  Rapids. 

C L A SS  OF 

'84. 

Carl  S.  English,  Lowell;  J.  D.  Hill, 
Montpelier,  O.;  E.  E.  Vance,  Lansing. 

CLASS  OF 

'85. 

C  B.  Collingwood,  C.  F.  Schneider 

and  P.  G.  Towar,  Lansing;  H.  P.  Glad 
(with) 
den,  M.  A.  C;  A.  T.  Miller 
Swartz  Creek;  H.  M.  Wells,  Oak  Grove. 

C L A SS  OF 

'86. 

W.  K.  Clute,  Ionia;  R.  M. Edling,  Me 
nominee;  J.  E.  Hammond,  Lansing; 
J o hn  Hooker,  New  Baltimore;  P.  B. 
Woodworth,  M.  A.  C. 

CLASS  OF 

'87. 

Ceo. 

J.  Hume,  Lansing;  F r a nk  R. 

Smith,  Somerset. 

CLASS  OF 

'88. 

L.  A.  Bregger,  923  Byron  street,  Chi 
cago;  C.  B.  Cook,  Owosso;  J.  C.  Staf 
ford,  Keeler;  H.  J.  DeGarmo 
(with) 
Highland. 

CLASS  OF 

'89. 

E.  A.  Holden,  Lansing;  William 
Lightbody,  Detroit;  H a r ry  A.  Martin, 
Lawrence;  A.  G.  Wilson,  Webberville. 

CLASS  OF 

'90. 

W a r r en  Babcock,  M.  A.  C;  R.  Bruce 
McPherson,  Howell;  J.  H.  F.  Mullett, 
Casscpolis;  William  Petrie,  St.  J o h n s; 
J.  W.  Toan,  Portland;  H.  Z.  Ward, 
Grand  Rapids;  Paul  Woodworth,  Case-
ville. 

CLASS  OF 

'91. 

K.  L.  Butterfield,  M.  A.  C;  Edwin 
DeBarr,  Norman,  Oklahoma;  Grace  L. 
Fuller,  Lansing;  F.  B.  Mumford,  Col 
umbia,  Mo.;  Geo.  C.  Monroe,  Covert;  C. 
F.  Wheeler,  M.  A.  C. 

C L A SS  OF 

'92. 

Leander  Burnett,  Byron  Center;  Geo. 
W.  Davis,  Tekonsha;  Geo.  A.  Hawley, 
H a r t;  J.  E.  Hinkson,  Wacousta;  T.  F. 
Marston  (with),  Bay  City. 
'93. 

CLASS  OF 

L.  H.  Baker,  Galien;  Roy  C.  Bristol, 
Daisy  E.  Champion,  D.  S.  Cole  and 
J e n n ie  Cowley,  Lansing;  A.  B.  Chase, 
Gobleville;  Bert  Cook,  Owosso;  D.  J. 

Crosby,  Lilian  Wheeler  and  Lucy  Clute 
Woodworth,  M.  A.  C;  Mrs.  L.  C.  Gibbs 
(with),  Atlanta,  Ga.;  E.  C.  Peters,Sagi 
naw;  F.  J.  Porter,  Leland;  L.  W a t k i n s, 
Manchester. 

CLASS  OF 

'94. 

F.  H.  Elliott,  Hickory  Corners;  C.  J. 
Foreman,  Centerville;  J o hn  D.  Nies, 
Holland;  C.  C.  Pashby,  M.  A.  C;  F r a nk 
R.  Poss,  Caseville. 

CLASS  OF 

'95. 

Charles  H.  Alvord,  Camden;  M.  W. 
Fulton  and  T h o rn  Smith,  M.  A.  C;  J. 
S.  Mitchell  (with),  Holly;  R.  L.  Rey 
nolds,  Pasadena,  '  Cal.;  Howard  R. 
Smith,  Somerset;  W.  C.  Stebbins,  New 
Troy;  Guy  L.  Stewart,  Gay lord;  H.  E. 
Ward,  Ada. 

Then  the  roads  ' t w i xt  here  a nd  Lan 

sing 

Were  of  corduroy,  with  mud  so  deep 

T h at  t he  roistering  college  stagers 

Couldn't  snatch  a  wink  of  sleep. 

Now  t he  s t r a n ge  electric  current 

Sends  the  cars  here  w h en  it  wills, 
And,  though  yet  at  times  uncertain, 
Oft  with  joy  the  traveler  thrills. 

E v e r y w h e re  throughout  t he  nation 

G r a d u a t es  of  M.  A.  C. 

Fill  w i th  honor  m a ny  a  station, 

Which  we're 

truly  gl&d  to  see. 

Some  may  lack  a  little  polish, 

*  ^ .^ 
But  they  h a ve  the  "get  t h e r e"  gait 
Wrhich  m ay  m a ke  t he  farmer's  calling 

CLASS  OF 

'96. 

To  be  highest  in  the  state. 

Joseph  T.  Berry,Belding;  R.  B.  Buek, 
Brighton;  R.  E.  Doolittle,  L a n s i n g;  E. 
E.  Gallup  (with),  Jackson;  F.  W.  Her 
bert  (with),  Saginaw,  C.  A.  Jewell,  Ad 
dison;  N.  M.  Morse,  Lansing;  D.  R a n 
dall  (with),  Augusta;  J.  H.  Steele,  M. 
A.  C;  Bertha  Wellman,  Okemos. 

So  the  rushing  decade  closes 

With  the  Now  long  strides  a h e a d; 

Alma  Mater,  may  you  ever 

Onward  with  the  v a n g u a rd 

tread! 

T he  M.  A. C.  Record. 

T h en  a nd  Now. 

JASON  E.  HAMMOND, 

'86,  ALUMNI  P O ET 

FOR  '97. 

Twelve  years  since  Alumni's  poet, 

Gifted  with  prophetic  eye, 
Prophesied  the  coming  "co-ed," 
A  sweet  promised  by^and-by. 

Little  did  t h at  poet  fancy 

He  would  live  to  see  t he  day 
When,  conservatism  vanquished, 

F a r m e r s'  girls  would  come  to  stay. 

Now  your  present  chosen  r h y m s t er 

P a n d e rs  o'er  a  decade  past, 

And  t he  progress  t h at  it  shows  him 

He  considers  truly  vasts. 

Then  they  shouted  " T e m p us  fugit," 
With  t he  classics  at  their  height; 

Now  'tis  p a r a p h r a s ed  by  urchins 

"Get  your 
kite." 

skates  on,"  " F ly  your 

Truly,  here's  the  s a me  dear  campus, 

W i th  a  little  brighter  s h e e n; 
But  the  foliage  a nd  the  freshmen 

H a ve  the  s a me  t r a n s c e n d e nt  green. 

Sure  t he  g r a ss  is  clipped  much  closer, 

Ditto  is  the  freshman's  hair, 

Save,  perhaps,  t he  c r a nk  w ho  tumbles 
W i th  the  a u t u mn  football  (there. 

And  the  Board  of  Agriculture 

Builded  wiser  t h an  it  knew, 

When  it  m a de  those  w a l ks  of  concrete 

Scarcely  wide  enough  for  two. 

B ut  the  incandescent  lighting 

Can't  hold  candles  to  t he  moon, 
W h en  the  youth  talk  airy  nothing 

And  have caught  the  June-y  "spoon." 

Now  vacation  comes  in  dog-days, 
And  t he  " h o r t"  m u ch  labor 

lacks 

By  the  boys  wTho  break  their  shovels 
Or  for  eight  cents  break  their  backs. 

See  the  shops  and  their  equipments, 
H a n dy  tools  a nd  h a n dy  boys, 
With  t he  cannon  on  t he  campus, 

Giving  place  to  " b u r g l a r"  noise! 

Special  dairy  schools  in  winter, 

Cooking  schools  for  "co-ed,"  too, 

Where 

fine 

flap-jacks  dissolve  butter 

And  t he  puddings  all  a re  new. 

An  experimental  station, 

Uncle  Sam's  bequest  to  us, 
Where  they  often  prove  of  value 

L a nd  once  t h o u g ht  not  worth  a  con 

tinental. 

Uncle  Sam,  too,  h as  an  office 

On  the  Agricultural  ground, 

W h e re  all  kinds  of  postal  business 

May  most  easily  be  found. 

If  during  my  boyhood  on  t he  farm, 
over  50  years  ago,  I  could  h a ve  read 
this  paper  a nd  could  h a ve  found  such 
an  institution  as  t he  M.  A.  C.  within 
reach,  t he  course  of  my  personal  his 
tory  might  h a ve  r un  closer  to  the  main 
l o u n t a in  of  life  opened  by  agriculture. 
P e r s u a de  the  State  Board  of  Agri 
culture  to  send  t he  M.  A.  C.  RECOKD 
to  every  k n o wn  farmer 
in  t he  State 
gratuitously  for  six  months,  not  only 
their  sons 
for 
m ay  know  w h at 
in 
t h em 
t h at  College  of  which  every  farmer  in 
the  State  should  h a ve  a  grateful  pride, 
and  t h at  their  d a u g h t e rs  may  see  the 
them  for  mak 
blessed  chance  offered 
ing  the  most  of  themselves. 

their  benefit,  b ut  t h at 

is  afforded 

By  such  distribution  of  the  M.  A.  C. 
let  all  agriculturists,  horti 
RECORD 
culturists, 
pomologists,  mechanics, 
stockmen,  and  queens  of  the  kitchen 
t he  highest 
in  t h is  S t a te  know 
prizes  and  best  chances  held  out 
to 
them 
their  several  vocations  by 
Michigan's  Christian  cilivization  at  t he 
(•lose  of  this  19th  century,  a re  offered 
by  the  M.  A.  C. 

A.  S.  K. 

t h at 

in 

A g r i c u l t u r al  E d u c a t i o n. 

Professor  Henry  P.  Armsby,  dean  of 
the  School  of  Agriculture  of  Pennsyl 
vania  State  College,  says  t h at  the  agri 
cultural  products  of  Pennsylvania  ex 
ceed  t he  total  iron  ore,  coal  and  oil 
products  of  t he  state  by  $3,000,000.  He 
also  makes  a  s t r o ng  plea  for  agricultu 
ral  education. 
" W h e t h er  we  like  it  or 
not,"  he  says,  "we  a re  face  to  face  with 
new  problems  and  new  conditions. 
In 
this  process  of  evolution,  by  which  ag 
riculture  is  adjusting  itself  to  its  new 
environment,  as  in  every  o t h er  process 
of  evolution,  t he 
fittest  will  survive. 
The community  or  the  individual  farm 
er  t h at  can  successfully  readjust  its  ag 
riculture  to  these  new  conditions  will 
continue  to  prosper,  while  t he  farmer 
or  t he  community  which 
fails  to  do 
this  will  be  borne  down  by  forces  as 
pitiless  and  as  irresistible  as  gravita 
tion." 

F OR  A N Y T H I NG  IN 

HARDWARE, 
STOVES, 
TINWARE, 
GRANITE  WARE, 
CUTLERY,  ETC. 

TRY 
...Norton's  Hardware 

III  Washin 

Ave.  S. 

6 

T HE  M.  A.  C.  K E C O E D. 

JUNE  22, 

1897. 

News  from  G r a d u a t es  a nd  S t u d e n t s. 

Phone  192 

New  Phone  76 

L e a n d er  Burnett,  '92,  will  spend  the 

s u m m er  at  Byron  Center. 

Mrs.  L.  C.  Gibbs,  with  '93,  is  spend 
ing  t he  s u m m er  at  her  former  home  in 
Lansing. 

Prof.  F.  B.  Mumford,  '91, and  family 
a re  spending  the  s u m m er  in  southern 
Miehigan. 

W.  A.  Quick,  with 

'97,  Nashville, 
Mich.,  expects  to  r e t u rn  to  complete 
his  course. 

Geo.  A.  Huwley, 

'92m,  is  t a k i ng  a 
trip^bhrough  Ohio  to  look  up  t he  nur-

fsery  business. 

The  class  of  '93  w as  the  banner  class 
in  n u m b e rs  at  t he  alumni  reunion,  14 

_  members  being  present. 

Orla  Root, 

'89m,  h as  been  sent 

to 
Russia  with  a  large  shipment  of  ma 
chinery  from 
t he  W a t e r t o w n,  N.  Y., 
engine  works. 

F.  W.  K r a m e r,  w i th  '97, says  photog 
r a p hy 
is  booming  now.  He  is  in  a 
photographer's  supply  store  in  Grand 
Rapids. 

Guy  L.  Stewart,  '95,  has  been  elected 
professor  of  science 
in  the  Lansing 
high  school.  Good  for  Guy;  we  are  all 
glad  to  hear  i t! 

C.  J.  F o r m a n, 

'94,  h as  r e t u r n ed 

to 
Centreville  to  t a ke  charge  of  a  drug 
store  while  the  proprietor  goes  north 
for  a  vacation. 
'  Lee  Chapman,  S.  W.  Keefer,  F.  W. 
Kramer,  and  W.  A.  Quick  w e re  among 
the  former  m e m b e rs  of  '97  w ho  came 
back  to  see  their  classmates  g r a d u a t e. 

billing  clerk 

F.  N.  Clark,  '89,  Ludington,  h as  been 
the 
promoted  from 
in 
t he 
dock  office  to  traffic  inspector  for 
t r u nk  lines,  Central  Traffic  a nd  West 
e rn  F r e i g ht  associations.  He  is  now 
under  orders  from  the  joint  inspection 
bureau  of  Chicago.  We  a re  glad  also 
brings 
the  promotion 
to 
with  it  an  increase  in  salary. 

learn 

t h at 

Prin.  Gerrit  Masselink,  '94,  of  Cass 
City,  and  Prin.  Clay  Tallman,  '95,  of 
Saranac,  h a ve 
commencement  exer 
cises  t he  s a me  evening—Friday,  J u ne 
25—and  t he  announcements  they  send 
out  a re  j u st  alike;  we  acknowledge 
with  t h a n ks  the  receipt  of  one  from 
each  gentleman. 
Saranac  graduates 
five  students  and  Cass  City  eight. 

recent 
their 

commencement  among 
graduates. 
children  with 

T he  mention  of  my  little  boy  or  girl 
or  several  of  them  as  prospective  stu 
dents  of  M.  A. C.  w as  especially  notice 
able  at 
the 
Several 
more 
b r o u g ht 
them. 
Bregger,  '88,  took  time  by  the  forelock 
and  brought  J o hn  along  t h at  he  might 
pass  his  entrance  examination,  though 
t he  youth  h as  not  yet  passed  his  sec 
ond  summer.  Several  were  exhibiting 
photographs,  a nd  more  t h an  one  wore 
a  badge  on  t he  coat  or  vest  on  which 
w as  t he  picture  of  one  or  more  young 
sters.  Dr.  Bion  Whelan,  '77,  wore  on 
his  coat  a  b a d ge  containing  likenesses 
of  his  four  healthy  boys  in  a  row. 

T he  City  Owns  t he  P a p e r. 

T he  city  of  Dresden  owns  a  daily 
paper,  the  Dresdener  Anzeiger,  which 
w as  given  to  it  by  its  late  proprietor 
on  t he  condition  t h at  all  profits  aris 
therefrom  should  be  spent  upon 
ing 
t he  public  p a r k s.  T h is  year  a 
large 
playground  of  nearly  eight  acres  w as 
purchased  from  P r i n ce  George, 
the 
k i n g 's  b r o t h er  a nd  heir  apparent,  and 
it  will  be  ready  for  use  this  summer. 
The  paper  continues  to  hold 
re 
spect  of  all  citizens,  for  t he  t r u st  h as 
been  carried  out  in  t he  broadest  spir 
it,  a nd  t he  power  h as  never  been  em 
ployed  to  foster  a ny  school  of  opinions 
-social,  political  or  religious. 

t he 

J. G.  REUTTER 

322  Washington  Ave. South 
P r e sh  AND S a lt  M e a ts 

FINE  CHICAGO  BEEF  A  SPECIALTY 
We  are  H e a d q u a r t e rs  for  all  Kinds  of  Home-
Made  Sausage. 

...My... 
Neckwear  Stock 

Contains  all 

the  Latest 

Ideas  as  to 
SHAPE, COLOR AND PATTERN 

l o w er 

t he  p r i ce 

a nd 
ever  b e f o r e.  W o u ld 
p l e a s ed 

t h an 
be 
to  h a ve  y ou  c o me 

in  a nd  see 

i t. 

BEFORE  PURCHASING  YOUR  PALI. 
ANT  WINTER 

= H A T= 

to 

s h ow 

you 
A l l ow  me 
s o me  n a t ty  " Up 
to  D a t e" 
styles.  N o t h i ng  b ut  relia 
ble  q u a l i t i es  find  p l a ce  in 
my  s t o c k. 

STUDENT'S  PATRONAGE  SOLICITED. 

. 

ELGIN  MIFFLIN 

THE  OUTFITTER. 

sod 

AL-WJtYS  ON  T OP 
DAVIS-THE  CLOTHIER 

1 04  WasfeHftgtoa  A V M MM  Worth. 

Red  Ties  and  Blue  Ties 
6reen  Ties  and  White  Ties 

AH kinds  of  Ties for  young 
and  old 

Spring  Overcoats. 

That  are  right  in  price  and  color 

Everything  fta  Men  and  Boys'  up-to-date 
Clothing. 

DAVIS-THE  CLOTHIER  j 
I>O«O»OOOOOOO«OOOOOO<KXKXX! 

...COLLEGE  BUS... 

Thompson 

Leaves  M. A. C. for  Lansing  at  8:30  a.  m. 
and  1:30  p.  m.  Returning,  leaves  Lans 
ing  at  10:30 a.  m.  and  4:30 p.  m. 

TII6  MAUD S 

Packages 
prompt  attention. 

left  at  Emery's"  will  "receive 
Livery  or  Bus  for 

picnics  at  resonable  rates. 

WIND  MILL AND 

NEW  PHONE 

H.  O.  P A L M ER 

> ^ ^ P U MP  60MPflNy 

Manufacturers 
of 

CYCLONE  PROOF 
CALVANIZED 
STEEL  WIND 
MILLS AND 

"MAUDS" 

PUMPS, 

Lansing,  Mich 

LOWEST  PRICES 

W i ll  be  quoted  to 

SCHOOL 
... LIBRARIES  ... 

And  others  sending  lists  of  books 
w a n t ed  to 

Lansing  Book &  Paper Co., 
L A N S I N G,  M I CH 

THE  MICHIGAN  SUPPLY  COMPANY 

WHOLESALE  DEALER  IN 

B e l t i n g,  H o s e,  I r on  P i pe  a nd  F i t 
t i n g s,  T u b u l ar  W e ll  S u p p l i e s,  e t c. 

STATE  AGENT  FOR 

MAUD  SPUMPS, 

LANSING. 

MICHIGAN 

BUY  YOUR-

Clothing,  Hats, 
Caps  at\d 
Furnishing  Goods 

...and 

Van Buren 

LANSING,  MICH. 

High  Class  Printing 

Stock  Catalogues 

Implement  Catalogues 

Machinery  Catalogues 

...A  SPECIALTY... 

Prompt 

attention 
orders. 

to  mall 

G I VE  YOUR  ORDERS  TO 

TRAGER  BROS. 
THE  MEAT  MEN 
5 09  M I C H I G AN  A V E.  E. 

M.  A.  C. 

...OF... 

H. Kositchek & Bros. 

1 13  WASHINGTON  AVE.  N. 

S P E C I AL  R A T ES  ON 

P H O T OS  AT 

SHARPSTEEFS  STUDIO. 

We  Offer  .  .7  .  .  . 

For  the  coming  week  a  list  of  bargains  in  Fine  Shoes  that 
has  never  been  equalled  in  this  city.  Every  Five,  Four  and  Three-Fifty  Shoe  in 
our  window  at  the  uniform  price  of  Two  Ninety-Five  a  pair. 

n p 2 » i r -^  T r T l f ^ lH  T r i t f l ^ l ir 
*  C U Vw  A  11 W i ll  X  \J\Xixy 

$2.25 
S O U TH  C. D.Woodbury's  S hoe 

for  tomorrow we may not have your size.  Another 
such  offer  is not  likely  to  come  your  way  again. 

&~  All  Pour  Dollar  and  Three-Fifty  Ladies'  B i c y c le  B o o ts  at  s a me  p r i c e. 

tore 

1 03 
WASHINGTON  AVENUE 

~i