^ i \e _7I17 T~L ©. ^Record. VOLUME I. LANSING, MICHIGAN, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1896. NUMBER 7. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND AGRICULTURE PROP. C. L. WEIL. t he locomotive In t he catalog of one of our large technical schools you will find noted t h at t he mechanical engineering s t u d e nt of this school elects at a certain point in t he course of his work whether he will make a specialty of locomotive engineering. We note, mill, marine, or is considered by some of our t h at foremost engineering educators as furnishing a field of work large enough for many individuals. There is a to specialize all professional work. tendency Up to the present time, however, little or no effort has t he been made in this country, to train specialists in designing, construction, and so on, of agricultural machinery. Courses in agricultural engineering are maintained, b ut such courses offer work more closely allied to t h at of the civil engineer t h an any other branch of engineering—that is, work in land surveying, methods of irrigation, drainage, etc. today Does not the need exist for a quite extensive course, in some of our agricultural colleges, of such a n a t u re t h at young men may be trained in what might be called t he "Mechanics of F a rm M a c h i n e r y ?" We propose consideration of a course at our colleges in which t he to understand not only t he s t u d e nt shall be trained and principles underlying construction the design of farm machinery, b ut also t he needs of the farmer, with regard to machines by practical experience with such machines. proper The need for men trained as above mentioned is cer tain to increase, and not only is there a field for such men in the shops and draughting rooms of agricultural machinery concerns, b ut also on large farms and plan tations. An officer of a state institution, where instruc tion is given in both agriculture and mechanical engin eering, states t h at on visiting a prominent agricultural machinery manufactory, he found three of his former students doing designing work to keep employed a force of 1,800 men. t h at served F a rm work often demands machinery of quite intri cate nature as far as mechanism is concerned—machin ery t h at seemingly thinks for itself. We need men who have been carefully the agricultural and mechanical sides who shall devote themselves to perfecting and cheapening farm machinery. trained on both Some will say, after reading t he foregoing, t h at there is m u ch farm work which could never be done profit ably by machinery, b ut we know t h at an immense amount of work of varying n a t u re was accomplished t he past year with the aid of machinery, con during cerning which work similar remarks were made twenty years ago. Mechanical Department. THE " R O U ND U P" I N S T I T U T E. A g r i c u l t u r al S e c t i o n. The closing institute of the series held by the S t a te Board of Agriculture opened at Grand Rapids Tuesday in session until Friday night, F e b. 11, and continued night. In addition to a large attendance from Kent county, there was a good representation from other parts of t he state, including delegates from county institute socie ties of twenty-five counties. in the Y. M. C. A. building, and T ee main session of t he institute was held in Lincoln Hall, while a Mechanics' Section met upon two even ings there was a Women's Section held at t he same place upon three the exhibit of afternoons. Among other attractions, dairy machinery in actual operation was not t he least. It was under the immediate charge of Mr. G. H. T r ue of the College, and included a Babcock tester, a separa tor, power churn and b u t t er worker. It afforded an ex cellent illustration of t he workings of a large dairy, 1,000 pounds of milk being used each day. The other exhibits included seeds and grains, weeders and culti vators, p a t e nt fences, and spraying pumps and outfits in variety. there was a carefully selected exhibit of apples, most of t h em shown by M. Nelson of Menominee. t he main hall In On Tuesday evening, after an address of welcome, Gov. Rich spoke upon t he State Institutions and State Appropriations. He explained the duties of some of t he newly created state officials, and t he benefits t h at were expected from t h e m. Regarding the appropria tions and present high taxes, he claimed t h at one-half of t he tax was returned directly to t he people t he primary school fund. t h r o u gh Dr. E d w a r ds of t he College t h en gave an address upon "The Purpose of t he Agricultural College." He explained the ideas of t he founders of t he Agricultural Colleges of t he country, and t he manner in which t he T he ideas are being carried out in our own College. character of the instruction and the benefits t h at young men would receive were touched upon. Contrary to t he general impression t h at t he College educates young men away from t he farm, he showed t h at while only 11 per cent upon entering expect to follow agricultural pur suits, over 35 per cent of t he graduates are actually engaged in farming, besides a large n u m b er who are teachers in this or other agricultural colleges, or are engaged in mechanical engineering lines. , W. L. Rossman (M. A. C. '89) Chemist of t he Dairy and Food Commission, read a paper upon "Food Adul teration," showing the extent to which it is practiced, t he adulterants used, and the improvement t h at has been found since t he work of t he commission began. T he first day of the session was devoted to horticul t u re and brought out a large local attendance of fruit growers. The speakers of this and following days were either from the College, or were farmers and horticult urists who had been selected by the superintendent of institutes, on account of their success along special lines, to attend t he various county institutes. The first speaker was Roland Morrill of Benton Har bor, President of the State Horticultural Society, upon t he "Cultivation and Care of Peaches." He briefly out lined the methods by which he has grown large crops of fruit t h at have sold for t he highest prices. He advised the selection of sandy loam or light clay loam soil, upon a slope where the air drainage is good; the use of trees of known purity and health, budded from bearing trees of varieties t h at have been tested in the locality. He planted 20 by 20 feet, and grew some crop the first year; after t h at the land was given up to t he trees, and after a shallow plowing in the spring received a cultivation once or twice a week up to t he middle of August. He practiced heading back the new growth one-half, and the thinning of the fruits so t h at they would stand eight inches apart. The use of a liberal amount of wood ashes and ground bone was advocated. Hon. R. D. G r a h am of Grand Rapids, spoke upon "Marketing Peaches," giving t he methods t h at are used at t h at point and urging t h at steps be taken to extend t he market the crop may be properly t h at handled when t he young trees come into bearing. in order "Peaches in the Interior of Michigan" was handled by H. P. Gladden of t he College, who explained t he care necessary to secure good crops. He claimed t h at they were nearly as profitable in suitable locations as in t he "Peach Belt," since they could be sold, without expense for transportation and commissions, in local m a r k e ts at prices t h at would average as high as could be obtained in the large cities. Prof. W. B. Barrows was to have spoken upon "Bees and Horticulture," but was kept at home by sickness, and the subject was discussed by J. A. Pearce of Grand Rapids, who urged their importance in fertilizing t he flowers of our fruits. The best methods of handling " C u r r a n ts and Goose berries" were explained by J. N. Stearns of Kalamazoo, while R. M. Kellogg of Ionia, spoke upon "Successful Strawberry Culture." Both gentlemen urged t he im portance of a suitable soil, thorough preparation of t he land, an abundance of plant food and frequent cultiva tion. Prof. Taft upon "The Value of Spraying in Horticul tural Economy" placed particular stress upon t he neces sity of understanding the n a t u re of t he insect or disease to be treated, and t he proper remedy. F or success it was also necessary to spray early and to do it thorough ly- In the evening H. W. Mumford of t he College, ex plained the benefits of t he Farm Home Reading Circle; Thos. Gunson of t he College read a paper upon ' F o r c ing Vegetables under Glass," in which he referred to t he growing demand for lettuce, radishes, mushrooms, asparagus and r h u b a r b, and the promising opening for business; while Hon. F. W. Redfern of Maple Rapids, made a "Plea for Unity of Action AmoDg Farmers," urging organization, and in particular t h at they stand by t he Dairy and Food Commissioner and t he Tax Stat istician. {Concluded next week.) M e c h a n i c al S e c t i o n. T he series of institutes inaugurated this winter for t he benefit of mechanics and engineers of t he state, closed with two evening sessions at Grand Rapids, Wednesday and Thursday, F e b. 12 and 13. T he pre liminary advertising h ad been well attended to by Secretary W a rd of t he Young Men's Christian Associa tion. We are also indebted to t he Association for the use of its hall. Several days previous to t he opening of the institute, an exhibit of work of s t u d e n ts in the M. A. C. shops was prepared and placed in a conspicuous place in t he Y. M. C. A. building, which did much towards attracting attention to and exciting interest in t he institute. T he d e p a r t m e nt of Mechanical Engineering was represented by four men, Professors Weil and Chamber lain, and I n s t r u c t o rs Newell and Westcott. The first evening there was an attendance of over one hundred and twenty mechanics. Mr. Fox, of the Fox Machine Works, opened t he institute with a short talk. t he idea of institutes of this The speaker commended kind as encouraging t he mechanic to study and think t he high priced for himself. The difference between mechanic who always has employment, and the low priced man who can scarcely hold a position, consists largely in this, t h at t he one uses his brains as well as hands and studies how to improve and increase his use fulness, while t he other does not. Following Mr. Fox, Prof. Weil addressed t he audience, briefly outlining t he purpose of t he institute, also de scribing t he n a t u re a nd purposes of t he course in Me chanical Engineering at M. A. C. the Following Professor Weii, Mr. Wescott spoke on subject of " The Materials of Engineering Construc tion." T he character of testing materials at t he College was dwelt upon, and points of special importance were b r o u g ht out and emphasized. t he work done in Prof. Chamberlain next took t he floor and gave a very interesting talk on t he subject of Machine Design. T he difference between t he crude, " rule of t h u m b" methods largely in vogue, and scientific designing of machinery was b r o u g ht out. A discussion of the course of work in t he M. A. C. shops by Mr. Newell, was next on the program. Mr. Newell's talk describing t he n a t u re and extent of t he it, was the n u m b er of hours devoted work and specially appropriate in view of t he specimen shop work on exhibition. to Prof. Weil closed t he evening's program with a talk on Steam Engineering. Some fundamental facts and ideas were given as to t he n a t u re of heat, t he efficiency of the steam engine, cylinder condensation, and t he real object of increasing t he steam pressure, and compound ing. T he second meeting, Thursday evening, was well attended, about 100 being present, and t he program was similar to t h at of t he first night b ut t he work was of a more advanced r a t u re and was listened to with marked attention. Mr. Westcott spoke again on t he subject of Materials T he practical application of know of construction. ledge gained was illustrated in the design of a riveted joint. T he subject of Machine Design was further exempli fied by Prof. Chamberlain in t he design of a steam engine crosshead. Diagrams were used, and t he meth ods pursued in the designing room were shown. Following Prof. Chamberlain, Prof. Weil spoke, his subject being Steam Engineering. Indicator diagrams were presented, showing defective valve setting, and t he use of t he indicator for the purpose of measuring t he power of an engine. Prof. Weil related a number of personal experiences in connection with boiler and engine trials. Mr. Newell closed t he program with a talk on t he cutting, for Kinks. Screws, and screw t he proper change gears subject, Shop methods of calculating cutting any thread, were described. After t he close of this meeting, t he scheme of starting a Mechanic's Club was talked over. As a result of Prof. Weil's efforts, about thirty men gave in their names, and expressed a willingness to take part in t he move ment. Besides t he work of two evenings, outlined t he above, a large n u m b er of shops were visited, and shop institute was a men decided success. T he attendance was good, and t he interest shown was marked. interviewed. On t he whole, the 2 ^ THE M. A. C. R E C O R IL 1 : ••• r " PEBKDARY 25,1896. 9k 911. (21. ©. g i e c e r i. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE EDITED BY THE FACULTY. ADDRESS ALL M A IL TO AGEICULTUEAL C O L L E G E, M I C H. S U B S C R I P T I O N, 50 C E N TS P ER Y E A R. Business Office with ROBERT SMITH & Co., State Printers and Binders, 406 Michigan Ave., East, Lansing, Mich. To be entered as second class matter at Lansing, Mich. At a recent faculty meeting it was resolved to recom mend to t he Board of Agriculture t h at t he next alumni catalog contain t he war records of all graduates of t he college who participated in the war for the preserva tion of the union. T he n u m b er of such students is of course email, b ut left their record is a glorious one. Some of these men college to respond to t he call to arms and were grad uated without having their course. Others returned at t he close of t he v ar and took up college work again. Stiil others did not enter college until after the close of t he hostilities. fully completed I remember well when a freshman copying the records of some of these men for Dr. Abbot. Of Dickey, who fell at Gettysburg, it was written t h at he was found "foremost among t he slain in front of a redoubt t h at h ad been stormed." B ut the whole of heroism is not told by a record of gallantry in action, There came to some of these boys many weeks of illness in the hospital or m o n t hs of starvation in southern prisons, more trying t h an facing death on t he battle field. A good many of t he students who w* nt into t he army never returned to t a ke up work at this college. Some of these have achieved distinguished positions. lasting t he war t he wall of There has been no attempt at a public records of recognition by t he college of to its students. Other colleges whose sons went out country have done something do battle for their their memories, a memorial hall, toward perpetuating a monu a tablet on Something to say to students ment on t he campus. as they go about their daily pursuits "These men, your brothers, went o ut in t he days of darkness and trouble to give themselves for t he common good. Your line of duty leads not to the battle field, b ut in the p a th of peace there is honor and reward for the one who leads an earnest and upright life." the chapel, or It is hardly likely t h at t h is college will ever erect a building suitable for a memorial hall. The State, of course, would not do it, and private individuals do not seem inclined to make bequests of such importance to this school. So this form of m o n u m e nt is out of t he question. Should a good building ever be erected in which was a chapel or assembly room worthy to receive a memor ial of such a nature, a bronze tablet upon t he wall recit ing t he names and services of our soldiers would be an appropriate form of memorial. Or a monument with an appropriate group of sculpture placed in some suitable position on the campus, say on the quadrangle between Williams Hall, College Hall and t he Library, would be well. This matter would be a good thing for t he Alumni Association to consider in t he near future. Such a memorial, let it take whatever form it may, would come t he alumni t h an from any more appropriately from other source. We need not go outside of our own body to find a sculptor to execute a commission of this kind. T he college has a graduate who as a sculptor has received recognition abroad and is a fit man to work into endur ing bronze a monument to t he memory of our soldiers. I refer to B. K. Canfield, '89. Something should be done in this matter without m u ch delay. CLASS ANNOUNCEMENTS. A g r i c u l t u re for Freshmen, Prof. Mumford. Meet at Agricultural lecture room at 9 a. m., Tuesday. Bring note books. A g r i c u l t u r al Chemistry, for Juniors, Dr. Kedzie. Meet in Chemical Lecture Room, 8 a. m. Tuesday. A l g e b r a, Second term for Agricultural Freshmen, Instructor Pashby. Meet on third floor of College Hall; Sec. B at 8 a. m.; Sec. A at 11 a. m. The class will continue with Van Velzer and Slichter's School Alge bra, and every member of t he class should procure a copy of J o n e s' Logarithmic Tables. No lesson for first meeting. Advanced A l g e b r a, for Mechanical Freshmen, Prof. Babcock. Text, Van Velzer and Slichter's University Algebra. Class room, second floor, south side, College Hall. First m e e t i rg of class at 8 a. m. Tuesday, for which a lesson will be assigned by announcement on College Hall bulletin board. E x a m i n a t i o ns in M a t h e m a t i c s, 9 a. m. Tuesday, E n t r a n ce Arithmetic and Plane and Solid Geometry; 2 p. m. Tuesday, Algebra. A m e r i c an L i t e r a t u r e, will, probably be transferred to last half of term. Analytic G e o m e t r y, for Mechanical Sophomores, Professor Babcock. Text-book, Wentworth's Analytic Geometry. Class room on second floor of College Hall, south side. Class will meet daily a. m. F i r st meeting Tuesday morning, for which prepare on pp. 1-1 of text-book. 10 at B o t a n y, for Sophomores, Dr. Beal. Text, Bessey's Botany for High Schools and Colleges. The class will meet in t he Botanical Loboratory on Tuesday at 4 p. m. Civil E n g i n e e r i n g, elective for Agricultural Seniors, Johnson's Surveying should be Professor Vedder. instruction obtained by each member of t he class, b ut will be largely by lectures. Class will meet in Engin eering class room in College Hall. The time of meeting cannot be announced until elections are made on Mon day evening. Provide note book for first meeting. D r a w i n g, Prof. Holdsworth. S t u d e n ts will come in t he class room, according to catalog, all meeting third floor, north end. College Hall. Mechanicals have Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. T he material for first day is a tablet of free-hand draw to have. The ing paper and any pencil you happen instructor will discuss material with the class. E l e c t r i c al E n g i n e e r i n g, elective for Mechanical Seniors, Prof. Woodworth. Text, Slinger & Brookers Electrical Engineering ('95 edition). Meet at Physical Laboratory at 9 a. m. Come prepared to take notes and make calculations. Only those who have passed differ ential calculus are eligible to this class. Laboratory work four hours per week at time to be arranged. E l e m e n t a ry G e n e r al Chemistry, for Agr'l and Mech'l Sophomores, Prof. F. S. Kedzie; lectures in Chemical L e c t u re Room at 11 a. m. No text-book required at first. Bring note books. All who expect to p u r s ue chemistry this year should begin with this course. E t h i c s, 1st half term, for Agricultural Juniors. Prof. Hedrick. Meet at 11 a. m., Tuesday in class room A. F r e n c h, Time to be arranged later. Text-book same as last term. G e r m a n, Dr. Edwards. Meet according to catalog first in classroom A. Text-book same as last term for week. H o r t i c u l t u r e, for Agricultural Juniors, Prof Taft, lectures. Meet at t he class room in the Horticultural Laboratory at 9 a. m., with note books; and at t he same place at 1 p. m. for laboratory work. Arrangements will be made for a class in Senior Horticulture, t he hour to be announced later. H y d r a u l i c s, elective for Mechanical Seniors, Pro fessor Vedder. Text, T he Mechanics of Fluids in Church's Mechanics. Engineering class room, College Hall. 9 a. m., first meeting Tuesday morning. No pre paration required for first session of class. Mechanics of E n g i n e e r i n g, Mechanical Juniors, Pro fessor Vedder. Text, Church's Mechanics. First ses sion of class Tuesday morning, for which t he lesson will be pp. 1-7 text-book. T he class inclusive of t he will meet in Engineering class room, College Hall, daily at 8 a. m., unless this hour should be changed to accom modate a rearrangement of other studies in t he mechan ical course, in which case announcement will be posted on the bulletin boards. M e c h a n i c al D e p a r t m e n t. SENIORS. Tuesday, F e b. 25, 8 a. m., Kinematics. Text book, Stahl & Wood's Elements of Mechanism. 10 a. m., Advanced Machine Design. Text-book, Low-. Bevis' Manual of Machine Drawing and Design. 1 p. m., Steam Engineering Laboratory. JUNIORS. Days and hour for Advanced Machine Design will be announced at the chapel Monday evening, Feb. 24. F or day and hour for Boilers, see bulletin board at Mechanical Laboratory; students in t h is sub ject must procure A Treatise on Steam Boilers, by Wilson-Flather. Class will meet in Machine Shop on Tuesday, Feb. 25, at 1 p. m. SOPHOMORES. 1 p. m., Wednesday, F e b. 26. Drawing. Text-book, Klein's Machine Design. Class will meet in Machine Shop, Friday, F e b. 28, at 1 p. m. FRESHMP-N. Class will meet in W oi Shop, Tuesday Feb. 25, at 10 a. m. Physics, for Agricultural and Mechanical Freshmen, Prof. Woodworth. Text, Atkinson's Ganot. Meet in Physical Laboratory at 4 p. m. on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday of this week. Laboratory practice two hours per week for Mechanical Freshmen, at time to be arranged. P l a ne G e o m e t r y, for Mechanical Freshmen. Profs. BabcOck and Pashby. The class will meet on second floor, south side of College Hall, Tuesday morning at 9 a. m. for registration and division into sections. Bring Beman and Smith's Geometry. No lesson assigned. P o l i t i c al Economy, for Seniors, Prof. Hedrick. Text, Walker's Political Economy. Time to be arranged. elective R h e t o r i c, for Sophomores, Prof. Noble. Text in Genung's Practical Elements of Rhetoric. Meet in catalog; English class room at hours announced agricultural students at 8 a. m. and mechanical at 9 a. m. Lesson for Tuesday pages 193 to 198 on " T he Paragraph." Only those who have passed freshman rhetoric will be eligible to this class. F or t he benefit of students wishing to take t h is course who have not yet passed freshman rhetoric, an examination in t he latter subject will be given Tuesday afternoon. All such students should consult Prof. Noble by Tuesday noon, at t he latest, to arrange an hour for t he examination. R h e t o r i c a l s, for Sophomores, D. J. Crosby. Burke's Speech on Conciliation with America. Meet at hours given in t he catalog. Mechanicals on Wednesdays and A griculturals on Tuesdays. R h e t o r i c a l s, for Mechanical Freshmen, D. J. Crosby. Hamill's New Science of Elocution. A. division will meet at 3 p. m., Wednesday, and B. division at 3 p. m., Thursday. Examinations for advanced standing in both Sophomore and Freshman work in Rhetoricals will be given on Tuesday afternoon to those who arrange for t he same with t he instructor by Tuesday noon. S h a k e s p e r e, Read Hamlet. Meet in class room A. at 4 p. m. Thursdays. in S t o ck F e e d i ng for Juniors, Prof. Smith. Meet Agricultural lecture room at 11 a. m., Tuesday. Bring note books. Provision will be made later for assign ment of student labor. RECEPTION TO P R E S I D E NT SNYDER. L a st Friday evening fully one h u n d r ed people gath ered in t he library to welcome our new president, Dr. Snyder. T he guests as they arrived were received in t he reading room by Hon. C. J. Monroe, Dr. Snyder, Prof, and Mrs. Barrows, Prof, and Mrs. Holdsworth, Prof, and Mrs. Weil, and Secy. Butterfield. After the company had arrived and shaken h a n ds all around they repaired to the library and partook of light the refreshments, while from t he galleries above came music of mandolin and guitar furnished by Messrs. Partridge and Eastman. The remainder of t he evening was spent in making the acquaintance of our new executive and in renewing old acquaintances. Quite a n u m b er of students who had j u st returned from t he long vacation were present— all glad to get back. Among t he visitors present were Mr. and Mrs. C. A. Gower and Mr. and Mrs. Elgin Mifflin of Lansing; Mr. F. H. Stone of Hillsdale; Mr. R. M. Bates, '85, of Hastings, and Mr. L. C. Brooks, '92, m., of Stronach. Dr. Snyder leaves at once for P i t t s b u rg to get his work in shape for moving here t he first of April. " T HE S P R A I 1 NG OF P L A N T S ." REVIEWED BY PROF. L. R. TAFT. E. G. Lodeman, '89, Instructor at Cornell University, h as just issued a work e n t i t l e d" T he Spraying of Plants." It was written as a thesis for t he degree of Master of Science. in Horticulture It gives t he early history of liquid applications in this country and Europe, with particular attention to t he introduction of t he copper salts and Bordeaux mixture. T he use of Paris green and other arsenites is also traced. Considerable space is devoted to the materials and formulas used in spraying and to spraying devices and machinery. One chapter treats of t he action of spraying mixtures upon insects and fungi, upon the host plant, upon the soil and upon t he value of t he crop. T he more troublesome insects and diseases of a great variety of our cultivated plants are described and illustrated and specific directions for treating them are given. It is t he most complete treatise upon t he subject ever FEBRUARY 25, 1896. TH A. C. RECORD. published in t he country, and with t he large experience of the author, t he recommendations, which are well up to date, cannot fail to be of value to. every fruit grower. C O P P ER PANS FOR B O I L I NG S A P. Ithaca, Mich., Feb. 10,1896. I am t h i n k i ng of using copper pans for making maple eyrup. Are copper pans all right for this purpose? S o me t h i nk copper would color t he maple syrup. Tour Answer would be greatly appreciated. W. Copper pans are better t h an those made of sheet iron or galvanized iron, because copper is a better conductor of heat t h an iron, and evaporation will take place more rapidly in copper pans. If t he copper is kept clean and free from oxide it will not color t he syrup. D R. R. C. K E D Z I E. AT T HE COLLEGE. Born to Prof, and Mrs. Noble, Saturday, F e b r u a ry 22, a daughter. The Bachelors now t h i nk they have t he nicest dining- Toom and t he nicest club on t he grounds. Chace Newman, clerk for the Mechanical Department, s p e nt Sunday, F e b. 15, at his home in Portland. Miss Clara Steele who was obliged to give up school work last fall on account of sickness will again enter school today. Mrs. C. S. Brooks has been visiting at her former home in Saginaw for a couple of weeks. H er mother will r e t u rn with her. T he new dynamo in t he Mechanical Laboratory is giving excellent satisfaction. W h en t he shops are all lighted up at n i g ht t he effect is very brilliant. T he M. A. C. Board of Visitors, Messrs. C. A. Gower, L a n s i n g; F. H. Stone, Hillsdale, and R. M. Bates, Hastings, were at t he College last Thursday and Friday. The Eclectic society rooms are undergoing extensive repairs. A new hard wood floor will be laid the auditorium and t he whole suite of rooms will be fitted w i th oak casings and moldings, and be repapered. in L. C. Brooks,'92, TO., h ad t he misfortune to lose his schoolhouse by fire last Wednesday. He is at present -visiting his father, and does not know what provision will be made for t he remainder of t he school year. Since t he arrival of t he cold wave t he ice house has b e en filled with a very good quality of ice. On Wednes d a y, t he coldest day of t he winter, Thomas Durkin t r i ed t he temperature of t he water by stepping in waist deep and found it a little cool. Monday morning, F e b. 17, t he thermometer at the s o u th end of t he Chemical Laboratory, which can not go lower than 20° below zero, was found with its red lemonade filling all drawn into t he bulb, while over at H o w a rd Terrace the thermometer registered 22° below. A wedding a week—some weeks. L a st Wednesday M. W. Fulton, Instructor in Agriculture, was married to Miss Annie Tucker at the residence of Mr. and Mrs. William Tucker, parents of t he bride, Highland Park, Mich. Only near relatives of t he bride and groom were present. Mr. a nd Mrs. F u l t on will reside at Prof. S m i t h 's for a short time and then occupy the Herd- man's house. Not everyone is aware t h at we have at t he College a t he society of King's D a u g h t e r s. T he membership of society, of which Mrs. Gunson is president and Mrs. Weil secretary, includes ten of t he College ladies who meet once in two weeks for t he purpose of doing w h at they can for t he advancement of any Christian work t h at they may find to do. T he next meeting will be held at Mrs. Weil's March 3. Mr. Magnus Nelson, an extensive fruit grower and in t he Upper Peninsula, dairyman from Menominee remarked visited t he College Saturday, F e b. 15. He to t he good advice t h at he owed his orchard entirely given him by the Station bulletin on the m a t t er of spraying. His trees were on t he verge of destruction by t he oyster shell bark louse, when he sprayed with kerosene emulsion and saved them. to the Botanical D e p a r t m e nt T he last of January, Mr. W. A. Brother ton of Roch ester, Mich., sent for identification a bundle of Western weeds, twenty-seven t h at in number, taken by him from baled hay sold in village said to have been grown in Arizona. Several of these weeds are being into Michigan by means of Western grown seeds, and now we have t he proof t h at t he most dangerous means is in t he baled hay received from t he West. Among t he weeds sent by -Mr. Brotherton are t he following, viz : Buffalo bur, introduced t u m b le w e e d j o j K j H rd grass, switch grass, old witch grass, two HB B ^ V> and a ragweed new to the State. K v e e ds shows t h at the hay could T he c h a r a c t^ not have g r o p| H west as Arizona b ut in all pro bability was sent from Indian The seeds of all these weeds will be planted spring to test their germinative qualities. territory or Missouri. t he in T he D e p a r t m e nt of Physics and Electrical Engineer ing has just received a fine piece of electrical a p p a r a t us It is a Wattmeter capable of being ordered last year. used in a variety of ranges. It is either for direct or alternating current work, h as a range of from 0 to 50 amperes and three voltage ranges, 0-75, 0-150, and 0-750 volts. The maximum range is about 50 horse power. The instrument will be used as a check on other instru ments, to calibrate commercial W a t t m e te and for street car motor testing. PROCEEDINGS OF T HE BOARD. February 20. T he F a rm D e p a r t m e nt was authorized to set out a row of pines along t he entire west side of t he farm for a wind bueak, and to plant to white pine t he two and one- t he half acres on t he east side of highway and south of river. Secretary Butterfield, Dr. Beal and Prof. Vedder were the Good Roads Convention, to elected delegates March 3. Mr. Garfield was elected delegate to t he National Organization of I n s t i t u te Workers at Watertown, Wis. T he recommendation of t he Special F a c u l ty Commit tee regarding t he publication of t he RECORD, viz., t h at t he President of t he College be ex-officio chairman of t he Committee on Publication; t h at t he students be in vited to cooperate in t he publication of t he RECORD, ac cording to a plan subsequently to be formulated; and t h at Prof. F. S. Kedzie, Prof. C. L. Weil and Prof. L. R. Taft be the committee on publication from t he Faculty, was adopted. Lieut. Lewis was authorized to continue during t he spring term at his discretion a course in physical c u l t u re for the students, provided t h at no extra expense be in curred for instruction. Of the report of the Special F a c u l ty Committee t he following recommendations were adopted: T h at short special courses be provided as soon as practicable; T h at something be done to get in touch with the district schools; T h at a short preparatory course be provided; T h at a course for ladies be provided as soon as t he finances of the College will allow; T h at t he experiment be tried of organizing a board ing hall under private management, with a single requirement t h at t he board be not over two dollars per week, and with board in said hall entirely a m a t t er of choice on t he part of students, t he details being left to the Special Committee and t he Secretary. T h at a committee of t he Faculty, of which t he Presi dent shall be chairman, shall consider and recommend some method of handling text-books. T h at an earnest, united, and persistent effort be made to discourage expensive entertainments at t he College, and to encourage plain, simple, and inexpensive social and individualJife. And t h at the President and Secretary of t he College and Dr. Edwards be a committee to consider t he mat ter of advertising, and make a special report t he Board. to NEWS FROM GRADUATES AND STUDENTS. Students in Mechanical Course designated by " m." and specials by " s p ." after name. F r a nk T. Beaver, TO., with '94, is city editor of t he Niles Daily Star. | ^Guy L. Stewart, '95, is doing editorial and local work for one of the Gaylord papers. Clark Hubbell, '88, is now located at R a t h d r u m, Idaho, and is still practicing law. CO R. Tock, with '96, writes from 525 River St., Hobo- ken, N. J,, for his chemistry note book. Chas. W. McKenny, '81, is professor of history and principal of the normal department at Olivet. H. A. Martin, '89, Lawrence, Mich., will send a girl and two boys to his alma mater in a few years. Edward Monroe is t he name of t he son born to Mr. and Mrs. Geo. A. flawley, '92, TO., H a r t, Michigan. E. W. Redman, '87, has been compelled to go west on account of his wife's health. He is located at Pasadena. L. B. Hall, '82, for t he past several years superinten t he dent of schools at Belding, Mich., is at present in insurance and real estate business at Ionia, Mich. L a st summer he showed t he farmers of his township how to successfully raise potatoes at a profit. Geo. J. J e n k s, '89, is secretary of the recently organ ized H a r b or Beach Resort Association with head quarters at S a nd Beach. G. F. Bristol, with '90, is assistant engineer in t he office of D. L. & N. and C. & W. M. R. R. Head - quarters at Grand Rapids. Homer Skeels, sp., '97, of Grand Rapids, is chairman of the standing sub-committee on botany of t he K e nt Scientific I n s t i t u te for t he ensuing year. E. C. Peters, '93, of t he firm, Seeman & Peters, Sagi naw, E. S., reports business on t he boom. Ten hours a day and half t he night for t he past few weeks. M u ch credit is due Mr. Campbell, '94, for t he spirit and enthusiasm which pervaded the meeting.—From t he Saranac Advertiser on t he Teachers' I n s t i t u te of Feb. 8. The Cannonsburg, K e nt Co , school, in charge of F. P. Normington, '95, was closed F e b r u a ry 11, on account of an outbreak of diphtheria. F o ur cases so far with no deaths. A fifty acre farm just out of Grand Rapids occupies t he attention of Ben C. Porter, '84. He pays particular attention to dairying and does all t he work of t he farm himself. Tom Squier, '97, TO., since October 1, has been attend ing the P a r r i sh Business College at Grand Rapids. Having finished the bookkeeping course he will take up stenography next. Dwight S. Cole, '93, m., has left Detroit a nd is now located with t he Fox Machine Co. as designer and machinist in t he tool department. His address is 212 Ottawa St., Grand Rapids. H a r ry A. Haak, with '93 TO., L u t h e r, Mich., is a member of the firm of H a ak Bros., hardwood lumbermen, chair makers and Holstein cattle breeders. H a r ry A. h as charge of t he machinery in the chair department. T. F. McGrath, '89, is engaged with t he civil engi neering department of t he Northwestern Elevated Rail way Company and expects to continue in t h at capacity for some time. His address is 34 Pearce St., Chicago. W. W. Smith, with '95, m., who left in '94 to t a ke special work at P u r d u e, is now an assistant draughts man and civil engineer for t he S t a n d a rd Oil Refining Company at Whitney, Ind. This plant is t he largest in t he world. W. L. Cumings, '93, has for the past seven m o n t hs held a position of inspector on t he Yazoo-Mississippi Delta Levee Board. Since residing in t h at S t a te he has spent one m o n th in t he hospital where he under went extensive repairs. F. W. Hastings, '78, is a railway postal clerk with a r o u te between Frankfort, Mich, and Toledo, Ohio. He also operates a farm at his home in St. Louis, giving special attention to t he breeding of Poland China swine in which he is quite successful. Prof. A. J. Cook, '62, of Pomona College, California, has his hands full. Besides his college duties he has charge of institutes for lower California and has been requested to t a ke charge of t he work over t he whole state. He has organized sixteen farmers' clubs and every one is vigorous and growing, Then as if this were not enough he also superintends t he C h a u t a u q ua sum mer school for California. t he laboratory in t he state. Since F r om a Kalamazoo paper we clip following Regarding one of our '94 men: The schools are in t he best of condition. There are 230 pupils enrolled at pres ent. Five teachers are employed. Mr. O B. S m i th is a self made man, and as superintendent, will make Law- t he ton schools one of t he best beginning of his first year last September, he has added revised courses in German, F r e n c h, botany, chemistry. He has also formed a bookkeeping class of about fifteen. A small is in t he course of construction. C. B. Smith, superintendent of t he schools, was born in Howardsville, St. Joseph county, Mich., September 21, 1870. At the age of 12 his parents moved to Montmor ency county, where he attended school in a log school house. It was at this time he earned money to pay his schooling at P o rt Huron. He afterward worked at bookkeeping at Alpena, scaling logs and doing other work in t he woods, b ut his thirst for knowledge was stronger, so he entered t he Agricultural College at Lan sing, until money ran short. The next we hear of him he was at Gaylord, as superintendent of the schools. He t h en went back to Lansing, remaining in t he college, where he g r a d u a t ed with the class of 1894. He remained one year longer as post g r a d u a te obtaining t he degree of Master of Science. Although young in years, Mr. Smith is old in experience, and L a w t on should p ut forth every effort to retain Mr. Smith for years. i J T HE M. A. C. R D. FEBRUARY 25, 1896. GLEANINGS FROM INSTITUTES. C. M. Pierce of Elva, Mich., who took a prominent part in the Tuscola County Institute, thinks farmers do not hold together enough in their organizations, " are too fickle minded, go off on too many tangents to make a success when they come in competition with other classes. I have come to the conclusion that the only thing that will ever take them out cf these ruts is an education equal to or better than other classes have." And this is what one of Tuscola county's farm daugh ters thinks about keeping the boys and girls on the farm: " As to the best means of keeping the boys and girls on the farm, I have only to judge by my past inclinations. I have a good home and all that a girl need have, but as far back as I can remember if I had an opportunity of earning something for myself there was more satisfaction in it than if I had had twice the amount given to me in ready money. Suppose a father ' Johnny, there is that calf, I don't says to his son: know as I will bother with it; if you want it and will take care of it you may have it.' How the little fellow's eyes will brighten and what care he will give it because it is his. Give him a puny, s'ckly lamb that is good for nothing in your estimation and he will make it worth something if it is possible, because it is his. In other words, let your children go in partnership with you. If you want to put an extra building on your farm and you can hardly afford it, discuss the subject with the whole family; do not leave out even the little fellow. Make it a mutual affair and thereby cause him to feel that he is a part owner in this bank stock, and I doubt if there will be any trouble in keepiDg the boy or girl on the farm." Mr. L. E. Slussar, President of Mancelona village, in his address of welcome to the Parmer's Institute, says: " I know of no more honorable calling than that of farmer. There are times, perhaps, when you have envied the merchant, or the lawyer, or the banker and wished yourself in a position to take life as easy as they. But did it ever occur to you that the merchant, and the lawyer, and the banker have all envied the life of the farmer and that throughout the country today will be found thousands of business and professional men spending their vacations and their holidays upon farms of their own—and there are thousands of others who would do so did they but possess the farm. " It is true that the comic papers crack jokes at the expense of the tiller of the soil and take delight in picturing Uncle Silas or Uncle Reuben with an old fashioned carpet bag in one hand and a dilapidated umbrella and lunch box in the other, falling an easy victim to the wiles of the bunco-steerer on his first visit to the city. They take delight in ridiculing the farmer and belittling his calling, but the fact remains that there is no line of business today which requires as much brains to make it a success as the one you have chosen. A great many people have an idea that when a man has made a failure of everything else, he should, as a last resort, turn his attention to farming. To success fully grow beets and bagas and potatoes they imagine that all that is necessary is to first stir the ground a little with a plow and then to plant and cover the seed, and that the Almighty with the aid of a little sunshine and rainwater will do the rest; but, doubtless the most of you have discovered that sunshine and rainwater are not always to be depended upon, and that he who trusts everything to the power that opens wide or keeps hermetically sealed the flood-gates of heaven, is liable, quite liable, to meet with bitter disappointment. " Farming, as it is carried on today, is a science, and no man can make it a success who fails to give it the care ful thought and study and research which it requires. You all recognize this fact and that is why you are here today, and I believe that you will be benefited by coming, and will glean many valuable points from the able and distinguished gentlemen who are here to address you." FARMING IN SCOTLAND. Eead at Ionia Co., Institute, Ionia, Jan. 23, '96, by Alfred K. Locke, '91, Belding.] (Continued from last week.) Turnips are depended upon as an article of food for cattle and sheep, and are raised extensively in all parts. They are sown in drills, cultivated, and thinned as they acquire size. A failure in this crop, which sometimes occurs from disease, is a great loss to the farmer. They take the place of grain and bay to a great extent, espe cially for milch cows, and they are carefully gathered and stored for winter use. Flax is grown in the north and east of Scotland, but I had no observation of its cultivation. Wheat is raised only incidentally, and then not for profit, but to preserve a rotation in crlpsj and to secure advantageous ground for grass seeding. Cabbages, cauliflowers and similar vegetables grow luxuriantly, and are grown at considerable profits to the gardner. The methods of cultivation do not differ from our own. Fruits are limited and the peop'e depend almost en tirely upon importation from south England, France, Spain, and the Americas for their supply. Gooseberries however grow luxuriantly, and I can recommend to you the Scotch gooseberry tart. Owing to the mild, moist climate, hay and pasture land is abundant, and in many winters the grass re mains green and affords pasture during the whole win ter. Rye grass is the principal variety. Clover does not seem to do as well there as here; why, I do not know. In harvesting the crop of hay it is stacked in the field in small stacks, having about a load of hay in each stack, and in the fall of the year these are gathered in and stored in large stacks by the barns and covered with coarse straw or canvas. In general the Scotch system of agriculture is what is known as the intensive system. Their soil is kept under a high state of cultivation. It ii kept well fertil ized, and large crops are raised from small areas of ground. This is necessarily so in any country having a dense population. But their methods of agriculture are rude in many instances, as compared with ours. They depend greatly Instead of wagons for the handling upon hand labor. of produce, they use carts drawn by one horse, and while ia many instances they are convenient, yet when one sees both cart and horse nearly concealed by a load of hay or grain, the advantages of our wagons are con spicuous. Their field plows are small, turning a narrow furrow, and the soil is turned only t) the depth of four or five inches. This on many farms is necessary as the rock comes within a few inches of the surface. Very few use improved harrows and cultivators, and fewer still harvesters and binders. Field work is done by both women and men, and it is a very common sight to see women taking up their beat after the sickle or the reaper, or using the hoe and the harrow in tilling the soil. It is also the duty of the housewife and the girls of the family to look after the cows and attend to the milking. In all the departments of farm work we find neatness and dispatch. The housewife is neat, and although her duties are divided between farm, stables, and the house, there is no negligence in her work. Her butter is the finest, her cheese is the best of any produced. She ex- cells the Danish housewife, as does the Danish the Irish. Scotch butter sells in the market at from four to six cents per pound more than any other make. The pains that are taken in the manufacture of cheeses also brings for them an extra margin in price over foreign made. There is in Great Britain no tariff system designed to protect the Scotch farmer from competition with the farmers of other nations, his markets are open to the world. British merchantmen bring to his very door the surplus products of all nations, and he must sell at their prices, except as the excellence of his produce' brings him a money margin. So the Scotch farmer has his adversities as well as the American. There is his landlord's factor pressing him for rent, and his lease with its law binding terms, from which he cannot depart, a moist climate which is liable to be excessively moist, competition with four continents flooding his market with cheap butter and cheese from Canada, the United States, Australia, Ire land, and Denmark, beef and pork from the Americas which can be sold in his market for less than the cost of raising on his farm. Yet the Scotch farmer is well contented. He is a steady, sturdy, plodding, honest person. He loves his home his country, and his church. He is faithful and loyal. He has made of Great Britain what she is as much as any Englishman. His politics are honest; he starts not at the sound of the demagogue's cry for polit ical reform, tariff changes, or free silver, to form a stam pede and to rush into that which he knows not. the that But he is conservative in his politics es he is in his methods of farming and his religion. He believes in the tinkering stability of customs and business, in the administration of laws of trade and commerce will cause only stagnation and uncer to make a fortune tainty. He does not expect from his own labor, but merely a good living; nor does he expect to become suddenly prosperous or rich by forcing upon the government some fanatical money scheme, but he does expect constancy in the laws of trade and in the policy of the government, and then by. steady, hard and honest effort he rears bis family and provides his home and fears not the compe tition of the world. WHY Of course you are going to College But you h a v e n 't quite decided WHERE Every progressive young man wants a good Education and WHEN He can get it without expending a fortune lie should not hesitate. 7^ Pf*r* C.f^ni- Of those who have decided / U fCI \sCUL t0 gQ s o m e wh e re DO N OT K N OW W H E RE TO GO T H EN Why not see what we have to offer at the MICHIGAN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE A. M. C. Not one l a b o r a t o r y, but eight large, magnif icently equipped buildings for the proper instruction in sciences relating to AGRICULTURE AND MECHANICS A l i b r a ry containing 18,000 Volumes Three Large Dormitories All Surrounded by the Most Beautiful Park in the State you want a practical education and you w a nt M. A. C. to know w h at is going on around you H as t he best facilities for teaching the practical application of the sciences. You can work your way through. Others have done it, you can. WE ALL WORK HERE And if you have to work extra to pay your way, no one will remark it to your disadvantage, but will respect you for doing so. S O ME Of our most noted graduates paid their College expenses by hard labor. The work of the class room is supplemented with practical work in field, garden and shop; and this together with military drill, gymnasium practice and athletics promotes vigorous health. A street car line connects us with the city, thus giving us exceptional social and religious privileges. Expenses are Reasonable T u i t i on F r ee to residents of the State; $5.00 per term to non-residents. Board in clubs costs about $2.50 per week. You can get board and rooms in the city if you desire, The students maintain Six O p en L i t e r a ry Soci e t i es and T h r ee F r a t e r n i t i e s. Our next term begins Monday, February 24, '96. The next College Year begins Monday, August 24, '96. And now, if you are interested in getting an educa tion, an education that is broad, and practical, one that does not develop the intellectual at the expense of the physical, one that does develop the skilled farmer and mechanic, send us your name and let us furnish you with catalog and further particulars. ADDRESS " T HE SECRETARY," Agricultural College,, Michigan.