MSU VERTICAL fiLE • . . - - , • ~ - ¢. . . , . • h " _. '. " • . 1 . ' I ,. ' . ~, . I . • • ''''' " " . . ~- - --- , - ' • ' ''V/MIt: U~ V ~fOV 1 S 1972 "- "~ (;vr:;, ~ ' 0'.1" ~ " - --~~ ~-~-. ~ -. - . , - ~ - t t t t I •----------------------..-c~ -.......,..~'..-: .~:.;... ____ ~ _______ _ . . ';If /> ~ - . . ~ - ~ , ~. " I ~. , . t 1 }- t j ~:'~ : t • · • · · . · t I ' __________________________________________ J . ' ; I t • , • . . . . THE ADMINISTRATION BUILDING: Betwixt the tufts of snow ~+ ... ~-~" - ~ - .Y , Photo by Dick Wesley ", - --~- ~ - '.... . ,~: " . ~ - - .- ~r"'r; "-" t· • t ~ .t ? ~ • ~ , , ~ ;, , • Vol. 4, No. 9 NOVEMBER 16,1972 Contested votes to decide C-T election University clerical - technical employees remained without a bargaining unit following elections held Monday and Tuesday because of 179 challenged ballots. The American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) held a slim 17 vote margin over the MSU Employees Association (MSUEA) , with the fInal outcome of the election resting on the determination to be made with regard to the contested votes. The totals following the election were AFSCME 634, MSUEA 617, and challenged ballots 179. Five ballots were spoiled and not counted. Approximately two - thirds of the C - T's eligible to vote actually cast ballots. Most of the contested votes were challenge-d by the University on the' basis that the voters fIt the defmition of "supervisor" agreed to by all parties, and thus were not eligible to vote. The Michigan Employment Relations Commission (MERC), which conducted the eie ction, will appoint a trial examiner to rule on the challenged votes. Rollin Dassen, MSUEA president, said he is confident that there will be the withdrawal of many of the challenged votes, and MSUEA will win the election. "Many of the challenged votes were cast by persons who openly supported our organization," he said. The AFSCME people disagree. "We are sure that the University will stand by its challenges and we will retain our victory," said Barbara Parness, a C .- T employee in the College of Urban Affairs and spokesman for AFSCMF. "Even if some of the challenges are withdrawn, we still feel we will be victorious," she said, "since many of the challenges concern dormitory workers and we have good support in that area." Although both groups felt confident of a .victory prior to the election, both said the vote would be close. shortly According to Dassen, MSUEA felt some injury to the outcome occurred, however, when before voting opened Monday, Keith Groty, asst. vice president for personnel and employee relations, presented a list of 125 persons the University challenged as eligible voters. "1 can't understand why these people were challenged now, when they were eligible voters during the initial election in October," Dassen said. Groty said, "We have the responsibility as the employer to provide a list of employees who meet" the defmition of the appropriate unit within our ability, and under the rules set down by MERC we have the right to refme that list in line with the unit defmition up to the time voting starts." Miss Parness said that the University had inadequate personnel records and wasn't able to determine eligible voters prior to the fIrst election. "However, at our insistence, the University got the necessary information prior to this election," she said: Groty, however, said an employer in a non-union situation does not always keep the same type of records as one operating with a union structure. Whatever the outcome of the vote, both groups have agreed to work with each other. "We have always been friendly with AFSCME and we would support its efforts if the union win~ the election," Dassen said. "We prefer AFSCME to no agent." Miss Parness said it would be difficult to work with MSUEA, but her group would try to open MSUEA's constitution and make it a more democratic organization. "If the MSUEA wins, and if we have the support of the group's membership, we would propose a merger of MSUEA with AFSCME," she said. Although there isn't a certified bargaining agent as yet, .AFSCME is assuming victory. "The group is currently laying the foundation for establishing a local and writing a democratic constitution," Miss Parness said. Richardson to speak Elliot L. Richardson, secretary of health, education and welfare, will be the speaker for MSU's fall term commencement Saturday, Dec. 2. Richardson will address the ceremony for undergraduates that begins at 3 p.m. ELLIOT RICHARDSON in the Auditorium. Exercises for graduate degree candidates will be held at 10 a.m. the same day, also in the Auditorium. Richardson is also among three men who will receive honorary doctor of laws degrees at the commencement. Joining him will be Leonard Woodcock, president of the United Auto Workers. and Dr. George A. Garratt, professor and dean emeritUs of Yale University's School of Forestry. A former lieutenant governor and attorney general of Massachusetts, Richardson was undersecretary of state from 1969 until President Nixon named him to head the Department of Health, Education and Welfare in June 1970. He had served as assistant HEW secretary for legislation in the Eisenhower Administration, and was involved, among other things, in developing the National Defense Education Act. He holds both bachelor's and law degrees from Harvard University, and served briefly as a clerk for the late (l:Ontinued on page 6) Page 2, Nov. 16, 1972 ( Science notes J Electron microscope: Fishnet for _atomic domain A net for fishing in the atomic domain. That's the way Humberto Fernandez-Moran describes the 'electron microscope. The Venezuela born, University of Chicago biophysicist, who is credited with being one of the developers of the electron microscope, participated in a recent seminar at MSU held in memory of Leroy G. Augenstein, cofounder of the University's biophysics department. "The net of the electron microscope is a hundred thousand times more fine . meshed than light," Fernandez-Moran said. BY PHILLIP MILLER For many years the effectiveness of the electron microscope was limited by the flawe d knives used to slice material for study. SurgicaJ. steel and glass knives were too crude and easily dulled. The near-perfect knife edge seemed an impossibility. A holder of two M.D. degrees Fernandez-Moran was faced in the late 1940s with this problem of obtaining a knife so sharp it could cut molecules. He hit upon the idea of centrifuging diamond dust. He then separated the smallest of the particles from the rest, and began to hone the most precise and sharpest of all knives. Now used throughout the world to cut anything from an amoeba to tungston-steel, the invention makes a surgeon's scalpel look like a dull saw. Eye surgeons have now taken up his diamond tool with great success. They report faster healing with fewer complications. Not content with perfecting the knife, Fernandez-Moran experiments with his own electron microscope which, with companion equipment stretches five stories high on the Chicago campus. "The electron microscope, by magnifying things up to millions of times, makes this world of molecules and atoms - which would otherwise be very abstract and which we could not imagine - visible, " he said. "Life is written small, very small," he continued. "The code of life is written in letters that are three and a half atoms high. And to give you an idea of an atom, if you make an atom the size of your fist, your body would be larger than the earth on this scale." the tiniest atoms to the farthest stars: Fernandez-Moran is a scientist whose profession and philosophy stretch from . "My quest for nature, as opposed to manipulation of nature, has definitely brought me closer to the conviction that there is a Superior Being. It's the same thing that I detected with the astronauts I've been associated with in the, space program." He is a principal investigator until the end of this year for the electron microscopy of moon rocks. "And it's peculiar that all of these men, he says, when they come back, they come back more mature." Fernandez-Moran is not afraid to consider the existence of super-intelligent life in outer space. "The one thing that you're going to find is that the higher an intelligence is, the Continued credibility sought To the Editor: With last week's issue, there was a change in editor of the News Bulletin. Those of us who know Gene Rietfors are sure that he did his best to make the News Bullitin a true "University Paper." We know that Gene tried to live up to \the standards established by Vice President Perrin when he said in the News Bulletin of April 1, 1971: "In carrying out this purpose, we will not be an administration paper, but rather a University paper. We will seek in to be a reflecting major policies, but not to the 'newspaper of record' l\;1SU News -Bulletin Editor: Mike Morrison Associate editor: Sandra Dalka Associllte editor: Patricia Grauer Editorial offices: Rooms 323 and 324, Linton Hall, Michigan Sutte University, East Lansing 48823. Phone: 355-2285. Published weekly during the academic year by the Department of Information Services. Second-class postage paid at East Lansing, Mich. 48823. exclusion of providing true and balanced reporting on controversial issues. Our columns will try to represent accura tely, informatively and o bj e ctively the events and policies which interest or affect the permanent members of the MSU community." We trust that the new editor, Mike Morrison, and the staff will follow the policy outlined by Vice President Perrin. Only if faculty and staff believe that there is "true and balanced" reporting on controversial issues will the News there be credibility for Bulletin. The faculty and staff need this channel - we hope and trust that the change of editors is not a change of policy. We hope that the policy of the paper would reflect the University community. Jack Bain, Secretary MSU Chapter AAUP Lester Manderscheid Acting President MSU Chapter AAUP more compassion and understanding it will have," he said. "So these popular misconceptions of weird creatures from Mars that eat you up and all of that is highly improbable. I believe that, quite the contrary, the higher they are, the more understanding. "I, for one, believe we are not alone in this universe," he continued. "I can't imagine that in such a fantastic universe in both outer space and inner space, that we should be alone . And because of this 1 predict that we're going to fmd that throughout the universe molecules and atoms "are going to obey certain laws which make it possible that all fonns of intelligence have a common denominator. "And the more wisdom we find, ,the more compassion we will also fmd," he said. "I think that these two things are found together, at least in men I have known, and I have been privileged to know men like Einstein. I've met some of the best, the greatest minds of our time, and the hallmark of them all is goodness. Goodness in the true sense - compassion, understanding and feeling. They're artists." History in sound Truman forgets protocol By G. Robert Vincent Curator, National Voice Library (Actual recordings that detail -this and other events are available in the National Voice Library on the fourth floor of the Library. An appointment can be made by calling 355-5122.1 On Monday, April 16th, 1945, the new President of the United States, Harry S:l Truman, in office only four days, addressed his fonner colleagues at a Joint Session of Congress. He forgot the protocol of an introduction, but Speaker Sam Rayburn rose to the occasion. TRUMAN: " ... Mr. Speaker, ... " RAYBURN: " ... Just a moment. Let me introduce you, Harry . . . Senators and Representatives, I have the distinguished honor of presenting the President of the United States . . ." (Applause) TRUMAN: " . . . Mr. Speaker, Mr. President, Members of the Congress. It is with a heavy heart that I stand before you, my friends and colleagues in the Congress of the United States. . . . Within an hour after I took the oath of office, I announced that the San Francisco Conference would proceed .. " The San Francisco Conference to form a United Nations organization did proceed as scheduled. I was appointed officer - in - charge of all sound and recording facilities and had the opportunity to meet the new President. At the conclusion of the Conference he addressed the delegates: TRUMAN: " . . . Let us not fail to grasp this supreme chance to establish a world wide rule of reason, to create an enduring peace under the guidance of God .. " " Truman soon mastered his job. He always called a spade, a spade. In 1948 he was nominated for the presidency in his own right: TRUMAN: " . " I accept the . nomination! . " " Senator Barkley and I will win the election and make these Republicans like it. . . . Don't you forget that! ... " "Give 'em hell, Harry!" the plain people cried. Truman had a certain underdog appeal as compared to his suave and confident opponent, Thomas A.Dewey. His whistle stop campaign was a classic: TRUMAN (from rear platform of train): " ... I must have your help ... you must get in and push and win this election. The country can't afford another Republican Congress ... " TRUMAN (at another stO!l): " ... Sounds like the same old phonograph record ... but this year the record has a crack .. " " TRUMAN (at another stop): " ... 1 don't care about that! I don't care what they say ... there's nothing new that they can say about me; it's all been said " In future years the deeds of Harry S Truman will, no doubt, be appraised the meantime, Harry objectively. In himself can give you a hint: TRUMAN: " ... I've tried my best and I always quote one epitaph which is on a tombstone in Arizona. It said 'Here lies Jack Williams; he done his damndest' .... " Around the camEus: A summary- ' Page 3, Nov. 16,1972 Dr. Brehm estimated that roughly 10 percent either decide they no longer want to be teachers or are advised by the college they probably would be happier in a different career. There is an appeal procedure for those who feel the "Exploring Teaching" course did not reflect their potential. Michigan State is one of only six to eight colleges in the country which provide experience in the classroom for freshmen and sophomores before they are admitted as juniors to a college of education. The program at MSU is now in its second year of operation. "We had always wanted to start the program before, but with the need for teachers the last 15 years we could not be selective. Now we can be more selective without guilt because supply is catching up with demand," Dr. Brehm: says. The professor of elementary education also sees the research potential for finding a method to predict which students will be good teachers. "There is nothing now in the profession which lends itself as a predictor," she says. American studies program altered MSU's seven-year-old undergraduate program in American Studies has undergone curriculum revisions this fall that offer students wider options in selecting courses in the many facets of American civilization while retaining a solid emphasis on English and history. Previously, the program was built around a 4O-credit-plus bloc of courses in either English or history with up to three cognate areas incorporating at least nine credits each in related subjects. The revised program requires an emphasis on both of the major areas - 25 credits in English and 23 in history - plus 24 credits in either political science or sociology and 12 credits of American Studies seminars. Upon application to the chairman of the program, a student may substitute an optional cluster of relevant courses in place of the social science sequence. For the first time this fall, there is no foreign language requirement, leaving more room in a student's schedule for electives in such areas as economic history, art history, philosophy and religion that bear on the interpretation of American society. Victor Howard, associate professor of English and director of the American Studies Program, says: ''There has been a tendency in the last decade for some students to wish to focus on American social problems, life styles and value systems. They see the importance of learning about American civilization as a means of understanding the country's problems. Howard said a bachelor of arts degree in American Studies functions as a general arts degree, a pre-law curriculum, preparation .for careers in such areas as journalism, library science and museum work, and for graduate study in history, literature or American Studies. A graduate program was begun in 1970 and has thus far granted two Ph.D.'s. It is primarily for students interested in college teaching careers. Guest conductor gives concert Agreement assures credit transfer Future community college graduates in Michigan will fmd transferring to the state's four - year colleges and universities easier, thanks to an agreement signed last Monday at MSU. In what is believed to be the first such voluntary agreement in the nation, 18 four - year institutions pledged to accept the general education requirements of 16 community colle~s as equal to their standards. Starting 1973-74, community college students will know which four - year colleges will accept their school's general education credits. Fears of losing credits which carmot be transferred and having to redo some general education work will be eliminated. Five years of negotiations, led by the Michigan Association of College Registrars and Admissions Officers (MACRAO), eliminated instititutional differences in general education requirements. These involve English composition, social science and humanities, and account for one year of college credits. Most of the state's 38 four - year and 29 two - year colleges are expected to those pioneers, but many have not completed their studies of the join unprecedented pact and their approval procedures. This agreement was likened by Dr. Richard E. Hensen of MSU, to the Michigan High School - College Agreement, the pioneer system for accrediting schools so that their graduates would be accepted by colleges. Dr. Hensen is MSU's associate director of admissions and scholarships, and chaired the MACRAO committee which completed the negotiations. For students, the Michigan agreement can be more helpful than the statewide college systems being developed in many states, Dr. Hensen said, because state - controlled systems don't always guarantee the transferability of credits. The general education agreement project started with a suggestion at a MACRAO spring workshop in 1967 and involved two statewide surveys, a series of hearings and many hours of negotiations. Premiere given for lost composition A composition lost in the mail for 11 years will receive its premiere at MSU. The work will 'be performed by MSU's Wind Ensemble under the baton of composer Vaclav Nelllybel at 1 :30 p.m. Saturday, Nov. 18, in MSU's Fairchild Theatre. Nelhybel wrote his "Opus Concertante" in 1961 and mailed it to Italy where it was to receive its premiere performance. The score, however, never reached Italy. A few months ago, after it had been lost in the mail for 11 years, it was returned to Ne1hybel in Connecticut, unopened. The MSU concert, which is open to the public without charge, is part of a special day - long session for \hchigan high school band directors presented by the MSU bands and MSU Director of Bands Kenneth Bloomquist. Nelhybel's "Opus Concertante" will be the only work on the wind ensemble's program. ''The hour -long work is unique," said Bloomquist, who has premiered a number of Nelhybel's compositions when he was director of bands at the University of Kansas. "It is really a concert within-itself," he said. The 10 different movements are contrasting and each uses a different combination of instruments - from three to the entire 50 - piece wind ensemble. Foreign students to stuc:fy together roreign students from more than 40 nations - far from home and family at holiday time - will spead their Christmas vacation studying together at MSU's 20th Annual Adventure in World Understanding. The foreign students, who attend 40 American colleges from New York to California, will hear presentations by MSU and other authorities; visit volunteer and government agencies, talking with officials, staff and patrons; tour a major American industry, talking with laborers and management, and spend one day exploring the Detroit metropolitan area. They will live and dine together as they study in the Kellogg Center. Principally, they will study how citizens cooperate and organize to meet problems which result from development and urbanization. Joining with them will be six American students from MSU who will represent their nation in discussions and serve as hosts. Each foreign student will spend two days - Christmas Eve and Christmas Day in the home of a mid - Michigan city or farm family, getting a better idea of - American family life. Students investigate teaching Photo bv Bob Brolllln The College of Education is taking steps to help students decide whether or not they really want to be teachers before they spend time and money preparing for a career that they frod later they do not like. ApprOximately 100 freshmen and sophomores who think they would like to be elementary scbool teachers are spending one day a week for 10 weeks in a Lansing area school. Only after they successfully complete one term of being a teacher's aide will they be admitted to the Colfege of Education. Prof. Shirley Brehm, who has been instrumental in developing the program at MSU, describes it as a "reality test." Although the students are not expected to teach, they do help the teacher with everything from passing out papers, to paying extra attention to children having problems, she says. At the end of the tenn, reports made by the students themselves, the teachers with whom they worked and MSU liaison people in the schools are reviewed. Only those students who the College of Education and representatives of the teaching program feel have the potential for being good teachers continue in education. Kamen Goleminov, guest conductor in residence at MSU faD term, wiD make his imal appearance with the MSU Symphony Orchestra at 8:15 p.m. Monday, Nov. 20, in Fairchild Theatre. The concert, which is free to the public, is part of the ill'St International Festival for the MSU Symphony and Chamber Orchestras. Golemioov, who is from Bulgaria, wiD lead the orchestra in the premiere of "The Pleasant Truth" by Dr. Paul Harder, MSU professor of music, a work commissioned for the festival; "Air for String Orchestra" by Bulgarian composer Krassimir Kyurkchiisky; "Variations on a Nursery Song for Piano and Orchestra, Opus 25" by Ernst Von Dohnanyi with pianist David Renner, assistant professor of music at MSU and Mendelssohn's "Scotch Symphony." Goleminov said he was impressed with t.'te musical ability and good discipline of the orchestra members. Before leaving. Goleminov will present a lecture on Bulgarian folk music at 9:10 a.m~ Tuesday (Nov. 21) in 339 Case Hall. He win pJay examples of the music on tape and on the piano. Page 4, Nov. 16, 1972 Prof didn't just talk about it; he did something about weather to curse inability One of the frustrations of the Hrst snowfall of the season, and of those to follow in the ensuing Hve months, is someone the responsible for the inconvenience. But as far back as 1863, an MSU scientist and one of first the environmentalists, had a scapegoat for frequently obnoxious Michigan's weather - the lumber barons. state's It was then that Robert C. Kedzie, chemistry professor at what was the in East State Agricultural College Lansing" started keeping comprehensive weather records on campus. Tris led him to express anxiety about the devastation of Michigan's great forests by the lumbering interests. Perhaps backed by some scientific evidence, it was Kedzie's theory that the removal of the trees was. changing the climate of the state and increasing farm crop losses from frost and drouth. Although Kedzie wasn't successful in halting the destruction of the forests, he did succeed in initiating an extensive tree - planting project in Michigan. Madison Kuhn's history of Michigan State University, ''The First Hundred Years," notes that in 1867 Robert Kedzie entered the legislature and introduced a law which reduced the taxes of those who would plant roadside trees. "How many of Michigan's roads became tree - bordered as a result of the Kedzie law?" Kuhn asked in his book. The inauguration of Kedzie's weather statistics preceded the formation of the United States Weather Bureau by eight years. He continued the re-cords without interruption for nearly 40 years, until his death in 1902. Norton D. Strommen, today's local, state and federal climatologist with offlces in the Manly Miles building on campus, believes that the Kedzie records are by far longest and most complete in Michigan. Some earlier records from other areas of the state are in existence, according to Strommen, but since they are fragmented they are difflcult to use. the Kedzie's statistics were not merely of transitory interest. They are still used to compare current almost daily temperature measurements against historical -moisture and recordings. In fact, Strommen is now scanning the Kedzie records, along with modern statistics, to plot a complete climatological history of Lansing area weather covering more than a century. the project still Although incomplete, the climatologist has already established that East Lansing was considerably colder in the 1880's than now, that there was a warming trend from 1903 to 1955, and that the climate is getting colder once again. is Strommen expresses amazement at Kedzie's remarkable accomplishments as a lone weather observer. Not only did he make uninterrupted observations for 40 years, he set some demanding standards for himself. Without the use of some of the more automatic devices of today, he recorded temperature, humidity, vapor and barometric pressure three times daily, 7 a.m. and 2 and 9 p.m. In addition he made daily observations of wind velocities, cloud cover, and moisture. All of these were published in the Michigan Board of Agriculture annual reports starting in 1865. The weather related interests of Kedzie, although not a speciHed part of his duties as a chemistry professor, led the development of weather to observation and forecasting activities and facilities on campus for many years to follow. In 1909 the U. S. Weather Bureau constructed a weather bureau observation building near the north entrance to the campus, directly across from the present East Lansing State Bank. Dewey A. Seeley was the federal weather forecaster from 1910 to 1933, doubling as a professor of meteorology. for razed the building was Later dormitory construction, but the weather bureau was moved to the building now occupied by the Michigan Press Association along Michigan Avenue. Two federal - state weather offlces are maintained now, one at the Capitol City Airport, the other headed by Strommen in rented quarters in the Manly Miles building. Weather observations for agricultural purposes have also continued on the Photo by Dick Wesley Professor E. H. Kidder of the Department of Agricultural Engineering calculates the dew point using a set of dry - bulb - wet - bulb thermometers at MSU's agricultural weather station near the intersection of Forest and Beaumont Roads.' The instrument shelter to his right also houses devices that give continuous measurements of relative humidity and temperature, and the high and low , temperatures for the previous 24 hours. tool, it is a research and teaching weather facsimile station supervised by Jay R. Harman, climatologist and assistant professor of geography. campus by members of the Department of Agricultural Engineering. Professor E. H. Kidder is now supervising that activity. The agricultural weather station is located south of the WKAR tower near the intersection of Forest and Beaumont roads. Recordings include daily maximum - minimum temperatures, ,dry and wet bulb humidity, wind velocity, rainfall, and during the summer daily moisture ,evaporation and measurement of incoming solar energy. Soil temperature readings are taken at 5 p.m. daily from 2 in depth. This information is relayed to the U. S. Weather Bureau and is much used by researchers on the campus. to 80 inches Still a third campus weather establishment is in operation in the Natural Science Building. Serving as a . Daily forecast maps are provided in a special lobby display by the central (east) door of the building, together with weather maps of wind flow patterns at about 18,000 feet where the winu steers the earth's surface weather. Highs and lows, and warm, cold and stationary fronts are identified with additions of red and blue marks. A facsimile machine provides a look from a U.S. weather satellite of the cloud cover over the earth_ The facsimiles are stored in archives, but may be examined in the machine room by faculty. No matter what the weather may be in East Lansing, miserable or delightful, it never goes unobserved or unrecorded. - WWELL TREASTER - Universities do respond, Lazer says The charge that universities are resistant to change was challenged by William Lazer, MSU professor of WILLIAM LAZER marketing, in a recent speech at Northern Illinois University. Lazer, president elect of the 18,000- member American Marketing Association, said almost every major institution has embedded within it some resistance to alteration but that universities have been more open to change than many other inStitutioos. Lazer spoke at a symposium marking the 20th anniversary of NIU's College of Business , citing a number of developments in his own Held of business administration to support his claim. The kinds of pressures facing universities - the' fmancial crunch, legislative demands for accountability, faculty collective bargaining, a tight job market, concerns about an "overeducated nation" - are demanding change, he said. And changes are evident in business education, Dr. Lazer said. "We are concerned with the new tools of the trade that extend beyond textbooks, conventional libraries and notes," he said. And faculties need not consist only of those teachers on hand, include Dr. Lazer said, but can speCialists available via tapes, telephones and computers. He questioned the notion that professors must have the Ph.D. degree. "What about the people of great accomplishments in business who have no degrees - should -they also be teaching? Musicians, actors, artists, and journalists have been doing so." Dr. Lazer cited other signs of change, particularly in business education: *Concerns about the quality of life, consumerism, poverty, the environment, urban affairs, and minority issues are having major impact on the business disciplines. This impact is reflected in "the research, literature, and in business education courses." *The university's concept of its responsibilities for business education is changing, with the result that more attention is being paid to part - time and evening students and adults, as well as fu11- time students. *"The distinction between undergraduate- and graduate education in business education may be blurring." Personal and professional goals in college should be more important than graduate or undergraduate status. *Basic business principles are being questioned, including the marketmg system (which has emphasized private property and individual responsibility), consumer franchise (the belief that consumers'direct production), consumer behavior (individual consumption vs. social responsibility), and the role of advertising. The current emphasis on social responsibbility , Dr. Lazer said, "parallels the managerial development of the 1950s and 1960s. It will result in a restructuring of disCiplines." He predicted that the future thrust in business education will be toward meeting social needs. Tomorrow's business administration curriculum, he said, will contribute new understanding to market knowledge; provide new approaches to harmonize natural environments with human needs; develop more realistic "multinational perspectives;" develop a better division of resources between today's demands and future demands; and provide better cooperation between government and business, and between business and other disciplines. Page S, Nov. 16, 1972 U specialists look at school financing Two MSU public fmance specialists agree that the fmancial burden for public education will be shifting more and more from local to federal and state levels. But in the wake of last week's rejection by Michigan voters of two tax reform proposals, Dr. Milton Taylor and Dr. Stanley E. Hecker say that the immediate outlook for school fmancing in the state is clouded. Proposal C would have eliminated the property tax as a source of public school operating funds, and Proposal D was an attempt to remove the constitutional ban against a graduated state income tax. Both lost aecisively in the Nov. 7 election. Dr. Taylor, professor of ecoDomics, had opposed Proposal C because he contended it didn>t go far enough toward insuring equal educational ~p"portuniry, and it would remove the possibility of having a state~level property tax. He supported Proposal D. Dr. Hecker, professor of administration and higher education, supported Proposal C as a step in the right direction, and he expressed surprise at its defeat. Unequal educational opportunities are "bound to exist as long as the property tax is used at the local level for half or even a third of educational financing," Dr. Taylor says. He has written extensively on public fmance and tax reform. will have to come from the courts, not the legislatures. The courts have already shown more enlightenment, he says, than legislatures. The latter are controlled in many states, includirJ.g . Michigan, by suburban interests, Dr. Taylor adds, and they don't exhibit much. concern for the core cities and poor rural areas, particularly the plight of blacks. He contends that education is "the worst possible expenditure to fmance at the local level," because its advantages and values extend to society at large. The more widespread the benefits of a public expenditure, Dr. Taylor maintains, the more reason there is to fmance it at the highest level. The defeated Proposal C, he contends, offered "phony equality" because it contained an "enrichment factor" of six. mills - ·a provision allowing each school district to levy up to six. mills of property tax for its own educational support. This would have meant, in effect. that some districts could provide "more equal" education, Dr. Taylor says. Equality can't be relative, he adds. "Equal means equal; it's like trying to say that someone is a little pregnant." "If something isn't done for purp6ses of equity," he says, "thim it should be the propeity tax probably will be ruled for done legal reasons, since unconstitutional as a source of school funds." Dr. Taylor says that property tax reform, like school integration, ultimately , Composers compete for award Budding composers in the greater Lansing community have an opportunity to win a $50 prize and have their work performed at the 1973 Day With the Arts in January. Robert Harris, who heads the Day With the Arts Music Committee, is searching for a "short composition of a festive nature, two to three minutes long, for any combination of brass instruments." The score, he said, should not require more than four trumpets, four horns, three trombones, a baritone and tuba. The composition is for non-profeSSional and student composers, Harris said. Entry deadline is Dec. 31. Further information can be obtained from Robert Harris, Department of Music, telephone 355-7667. The composer's name should not appear on the manuscript but rather should be placed in an envelope attached to the manuscript. The Day With the Arts, Jan. 27 and 28, is in its 10th year and will feature dance, music and theatrical performances as well as exhibits and demonstrations in other art areas. New curriculum tested for tnentally retarded BY JANET MARSH MSU will begin field testing a new physical curriculum for the trainable mentally retarded in January. Although the purpose of the program is to improve physical education for the mentally retarded, the goal is to develop socio-Ieisure competence - th abilities to play, act independently, gain self-respect, belong and move effectively. The program has been developed and pilot tested during the past under the direction of Janet A. Wessel, professor of health, physical education and recreation. It is funded by a federal grant from the Department of Health, Ed u cation and Welfare with a contribution from the University. Prof. Wessel describes the new curriculum as unique because it includes an individually prescribed program which can be adapted to group instruction. It also contains diagnostic tools which the teacher can use to determine the needs of each child and methods to coordinate the concepts being taught in the classroom with the physical education programs. It also has complete flexibility so it can fit into existing programs. The teachers field testing the new curriculum will receive a kit of more than 20 "modules" covering such areas as physical awareness, rhythmical skills, lifetime sports, game strategy and social skills. The kit will have posters, pictures, a ssessment-evaluation tools, observational fIlm loops, transparencies, training manuals for personnel and a teacher's reference book. Prof. Wessel calls an associated learning portion "a whole new way of integrating education with continual reinforcement." Coordinated by Jeralyn J. Plack, an assistant professor of HPR, it recommends the basic concepts to be taught in science, mathematics, health, daily living, music and art, and explains how they relate to physical activity. Prof. Wessel gives the example of teaching colors. In art class the teacher can show the children the colors red and white and let them use red and white crayons, while in physical education the teacher can emphaSize the difference between the red and white teams. In addition, teacher can point out that apples are red and milk is white. the classroom The MSU staff has been trying out its new curriculum in Lansing at the Marvin E. Beekman Center for Trainable Children. Prof. Wessel says she has been encouraged by the number of requests she has received from schools, both in Michigan and outside the state, asking to field test the new curriculum. "I Can," as the new curriculum is called, has a built-in accountability, she says. Teachers, administrators and parents all can use the progress reports which are filled out in conjunction with the program to determine the child's current status and progress, as well as the fmal goal. While developing the new curriculum, Prof. Wessel has charged communities to provide opportunities for the trainable mentally retarded to use the skills which they are being taught. MILTON TAYLOR STANLEY HECKER Dr. Taylor also says that the adoption of Proposal C would have "almost forced" the State Legislature to impose a value-added tax in order to raise some of the funds lost by the property tax removal. And in practice, he says, a value-added tax really amounts to just another sales tax for the consumer. Removing the property tax, Dr. Taylor says, would mean a windfall for two landlords and corporate business. ·Both groups have heavy property tax groups - loads, and both would have realized a net gain, even with the likelihood of an increased state income tax. He sees two possible alternatives to a locally imposed property tax: Have a flat-rate property tax at the state level, or remove individual property taxes (and substitute a higher personal income tax) but retain property taxes for businesses. "Someday," says Dr. Taylor, "education probably will be fmanced half by the states and halfby the federal government." He says that in the meantime, states need to avoid further regressive taxes (like property and I sales taxes) I and to recognize that the federal tax is inequitable. In Michigan, he favors a graduated income tax, but one that avoids the loopholes and inequities of the federal tax. Like Dr. Taylor, Dr. Hecker believes federal funds will playa rmjor role in school financing, even to the point of one state helping support the schools in other states. Dr. Hecker was a consultant to the Michigan Education Association which lead the petition drive to put Proposals C and D on the ballot. He also was an expert witness on behalf of Gov. William G. Milliken and Atty. Gen. Frank J. Kelley in their request the property tax the State Supreme Court declare unconstitutional as a means for supporting the operation of public schools. that "Michigan has no problem that is any different than any other state's" Dr. Hecker says. "In fact, Michigan is a comparatively \Walthy state. It is among the top 10 in terms of money spent per pupil and money per class." He believes that federal school aid would help eliminate the irony of the poor school districts which cannot offer their students as much, but have the children who receive the least from their families in terms of "cultural experiences." They have not had the benefit of vacations, contact with people in other walks of life or the atmosphere at home which encourages learning, he says. "I don't know where we are going to go, but we have some serious problems," he says. Dr. Hecker, surprised at the defeat of Proposal C, blames its failure on the fear of voters that they would lose local control of their schools. "There was no intent in Proposal C to remove local control," Dr. Hecker says. Puzzled by exactly what voters feared they would lose, Dr. Hecker cites state 'The state certifies all teachers,. control which already exists to some degree. requires a 18