Melby concerned for autonomy Ernest Melby thinks it's ironic that he has held his present job - going on 15 years as MSU's distinguished professor of administration and higher education - longer than any other in his career. The irony is that Melby joined the faculty here in 1956 after he had retired from an already - distinguished career that included posts as a school superintendent, college professor, dean and university president. His present schedule represents some concession to retirement - six months each year in East Lansing, six months in ERNEST O. MELBY - Florida but Melby's notion of retirement is far from leisurely. He continues to teach, do research and consult. Even part of his time in the South goes for consulting at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton. of one * * * FOR A NUMBER of years Melby has been education's most thoughtful and most outspoken critics. He has, for example, repeatedly urged that this nation devote more resources to correcting its educational failures with poor and minority groups. For higher education, Melby says he is concerned - concerned about what he calls the "very narrow thread" by which hang the freedom and autonomy of the universities. "The key to the university is its freedom to investigate and to publicize the results of its investigations - no matter where they lead," he says. "The university is the only place left in society where this can be done." But higher education is going through (Continued on page 4) M§1LJ Facu ty N(eW§ The debate go~s on: Council passes Michigan State University Vol. 2,No.7 ------------------------------------------- Nov. 10, 1970 two sections of Taylor panel report "I get the impression," Paul Hurrell, professor in Justin Morrill College, told the Academic Council last week, "that we are rearranging deck chairs on the Titanic." The remark fell during discussion surrounding the report of the Special Full-time TV asked Michigan State may return to full - time, UHF educational television if it is able to obtain federal funds from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare and approval from the Federal Communications Commission. The University has applied to HEW for a $463,000 grant to support a full- time educational television station. It has petitioned the FCC for permission .to activate UHF channel 23. FCC approval would be contingent upon receiving the HEW funds. Grant awards are scheduled to be announced next February and May. WMSB - TV now shares time with in commercial station WILX - TV Jackson, an arrangement that gives WMSB only about 38 hours of broadcasting each week. The shared - time arrangement, the only one of its kind in the nation, was made after MSU had transmission and reception problems with its earlier station, UHF channel 60. Panel on Student Particip'h.J.J Academic Governance. in The value of that remark, Hurrell said later, is in whatever it suggests to those who heard it. But several aspects of the deliberations on the report led him to make the remark. Part of Hurrell's concern related to the procedures in which the Council was involved at that point. "I felt we had bypassed the rationale of the report," he said, "and were debating individual points in sort of a vac.lmm," and "scratching the surface of issues that go very deep and need a lot further scrutiny." He said that feeling related to gearing the report to what would be the Academic Senate, acceptable which rejected the original report last June. to And, Hurrell said, "part of my uneasiness was due to discussion of faculty powers, which I find hard to fit into the basically advisory structure of the University, (which) operates with recommendations and approvals all the way up to the Board of Trustees." * * * FACULTY PREROGATIVES and minority student representation are the panel report's two sections which have been passed thus far by the Council after considerable debate in its two meetings last week. "If this means excluding stude .. ." from discussing things like entrance standards or grading procedures," he said, "it is an inappropriate reservation." John F. A. Taylor, professor of Thomas H. Greer, professor of humanities, moved to delete a section philosophy and chairman of the special outlining exclusive faculty concern ~,,-=pa~l which revised"'the McKee Report, replied that the, section was modeled "matters affecting the distinctively after the 1OtlJ. anren:dment to the U_ S. professional duties of the faculty,.namely the duties that flow from the faculty's Constitution which reserves some rights obligation to maintain the intellectual the federal authority of the University as a center of'" government. detached pursuitQftruth." inquiry and disinterested the states) (from to :ncil meets today Discussion gf the report of the Panel on Student Participation in Academic Governance will resume today at a special Academic meeting at 3:15 p.m. in the Con Con Room of the International Center. In order for Imal Council action on student participation to be considered this quarter by the Academic Senate, the Senate's meeting has been postponed until Monday, Nov. 23 at 3 p.m. in FaircbiJ.fTheatre. The Greer amendment was defeated. On a question of interpretation from Charles C. Killingsworth, University professor of labor and industrial rela !jons, Taylor pointed out that questions arising from the provision for exclusive faculty concern would be interpreted by the Academic Coun_cil, which would include the voting student members. James B. McK-ee, professor of sociology, expressed concern over the construction of the section which)1e said "excludes students from any vote and therefore any Significant voice at all about matters of teaching, which is a (Continued on page 2) Group seeks to represent clerical-technical employes Blood drive set The annual fall term blood drive will be conducted in Shaw Hall from Monday~ Nov. 16, thr6QW: Friday, Nov. 20. The hours are 2 toS P~in. Monday through Thursday and 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Friday. Sponsors of the drive are Alpha Phi Omega, men's service fraternity, and Gamma Sigma Sigma, women's service sorority. Representatives of the groups said that donors who identify themselves as faculty and staff will be permitted to give without delay. Nonteaching staff may give blood during working hours, provided they receive permission of their supervisors. A new organization that seeks to represent one ofMSU's largest groups - the nearly 1,800 clerical, technical and secretarial employes - is moving slowly toward its goal of recognition by the University . The Michigan State University Employees' Association (MSUEA) currently claims some 450 members, about half of the some 900 (50 percent, plus one) it needs to qualify for official recognition by MSU. Attaining the 900 - member level will take some time at the present growth rate, according to MSUEA President Rollin V. Dasen. Dasen, a recording supervisor at WKAR radio, said that membership is now "almost at a standstill." A variety of reasons, including apathy, accounts for the lag in new membership, Dasen said. But he emphasized that clerical - technical employes "have everything to gain and nothing to lose" if they join the MSUEA. He noted that the group has already written its bylaws, elected a slate of officers and established contact with the administration. It has sent two representatives to the new Antidiscrimination Judicial Board. - But its primary goal is "to represent its membership in all conditions of their employment to the University" - a function held by the Administrative - Professional Association for A - P staff. * * * THE MSUEA was formed about a year ago, following attempts by labor union offidals to organize. persons in the clerical- technical classifications. Dasen said the union overtures were rejected because the results would have been more restrictive job descriptions for C-T employes and high union dues. The MSUEA isn't assessing dues now, Dasen explained, "because we'd like to be able to give people something for their money." "In view of the progress made by the A-P Association," Dasen said, "I can't understand why the clerical - technical employes don't move. We're just about the only group on the campus that doesn't bargain." (Continued on page 3) MSUFawJty News, Nov. to, 1970 - Council debates report . (Concluded from page 1) denial in a matter clearly of foremost concem to them." . But, McKee said he "accepts the fact to a section reading, "students have the right to assume that their inputs ... shall the faculty's figure significantly judgment ... " in thatthis body has no alternative." "There is no such meaningful entity as He expressed further concern with the the concepts of confusion between community of scholars and of whether "the purpose of 0 professional association. And he referred ur ga er~ng here IS to compose a brave and unselflsh Killingsworth responded by asking th' . 'the right to assume,' "he said. One student's view: Grad students denied vote in areas that concern them The foUowing viewpoint was submitted by David Wright. vice president for university relations in the Council of Graduate Students and graduate student representative in the Academic Council. He is also a graduate assistant in the Department of English. The Taylor Report attempts to reconcile the spirit of the McKee Report with objections made to that document in earlier Academic Council and Senate deliberations. Specifically. the Taylor panel tried to safeguard certain rights and prerogatives that many faculty obviously considered threatened by the McKee Report. However, in attempting to preserve those rights, the report has inadvertently precluded any meaningful student participation in academic governance. This conflict of interest cen ters around the three subsections of 2-5. 7 in Part A of the document. I would like to detail here the specific manner in which these sections, intended only to reserve certain faculty rights, actually undermine both the spirit and in ten t of the report. Item 2.5.7.1 denies the graduate student representatives the right to vote on such matters as salary, insurance and other fringe benefits which are held to be of exclusive concern to the faculty. Yet these same graduate students represent the approximately 2,200 graduate assistants on this campus who are very much concerned with salary, insurance and fringe benefits. While functioning as part of the professional academic community, these assistants are allegedly to be treated as professionals. But they have no present voice in the determination of professional salary schedules or other related matters. This section systematically excludes them from any meaningful future voice. I feel very strongly that these issues are of specific concern to the graduate assistants and that their representatiJIes to this Council and the University committees should have the righ t and responsibili ty of voting participation regarding them. Section 2.5.72 is exceedingly vague. Insofar as it concerns the general direction and goals of the University, it is clearly a matter of rightful concern to all academic parties of the University. And insofar as this section's vagueness allows it to be invoked over a wide range .of cases, it is a document of general exclusion of student participation. For instance, if there were another series of political developments such as those last spring, and if the Council were asked to consider a proposal to suspend· or modify classes for a period to allow for discussion of the issues - as was done last this clause could be invoked to exclude student participation in that vote. spring - Yet this issue is hardly of exclusive concern to the faculty, or of exculsive concern to any single group. It concerns the vital academic interest of the University at large and ought to be voted on by all of those interests. Section 2.5.7.3 encompasses a sensitive issue. There is substance in the claim that the competency of professionals can best be judged by other professionals. Yet, ironically, the students who are excluded from participation by this section are the only people who view teaching performance first - hand. But this documen t affords studen ts only the "right to assume" that their input on this issue will be considered. In my departmen t both graduates and undergraduates vote on ten ure and related decisions. This procedure was established after several months of serious debate, though some faculty initially opposed it. But it has substantially jmproved the communication and working atmosphere within the department. This document, if passed. would deprive us and other departments with similar procedures of this right of participation. It projects a net loss from our present level of involvement. What is needed is a re - wording of this section of the report so that the attempt to safeguard faculty rights does not destroy the original purposes of this enterprise. Insofar as graduate students function professionally in this University, a way should be found to include them in its professional decisions. To this end, we will again try to amend the report . ~'Salvation' from off-Broadway to campus "Are you ready for 'Salvation'?" That's what student producers of the rock - musical ("Salvation") are asking in a statement promoting the six - day run of their production two weekends on the campus. (Nov. 13-15 and Nov. 20-22). the next The question seems based on the musical's advertised ingredients: Music, humor and satire dealing with sex, drugs, politics and religion. The MSU student group, The New Players, points out that the upcoming production of "Salvation" is the first on a college campus, following a two - year run in New York by the musicaL It is billed as "the son of 'Hair.'" Students in the production company ha.ve urged faculty and the administration "to attend a performance of the production so as to better understand what the present condition of man's aspirations encompasses." Friday and Saturday performances will be at 7:30 and 10 p.m. in the Erickson Hall Kiva, and Sunday shows will be at 7:30 p.m., also in the Kiva. Proceeds from the Sunday performances will go to the Listening Ear and the Drug Education Center. Tickets, at $2 each, are available at the Union and 'at several stores in the area. . docdument dtha~ WIld I bbe hemfbracled by y t e acu ty as a stu ents an reJecte whole, or to compose a document that reasohnabAly dgoo~ sChanc~, of has a acceptance by t e. ca emlc enate. The concern WIt se~at~ acc~ptanc~ was repeated 0 ten discussions. unng ounc Th f i t ' t' e acu ty preroga lve sec IOn was approved by the Council with one amendment (insertion of the word "their" before the words "salary, leaves, insurance and other fringe benefits" in section 2.5.7.). * * * THE SECTION concerning minority representation was amended to exclude all reference to women, after a suggestion by Chitn Smith, associate professor of that J ames Madison College, including women on this section would estalish a "quota on ascriptive genetic characteristics," and was "invidious and irrelevant to education." Two amendments to decrease n u m b e r 0 f min 0 r i t Y the students • • representatives to the Council from 10 to either six or eight were defeated. Most of the second day's session of the Council concerned election procedures for minority representatives. .: "., . The panel rep-Oft calis" . for .. atJ;': lar~ election of nm1liOrity represelilatiJvel Co u neil, '!104!rgrad,U!l te · . repff3s4nWtive Richard Foster proposed an amendment to provide for selection of minority students "by.a means to be developed by appropriate minority groups." The amendment lost, and attention turned toward the nominating process. The panel report" provides for a nominating committee to present a slate of candidates for the at - large election. The nominating procedures were amended by the Council to include consultation with non - white student organizations, and to give non - white members of the nominating committee a 4-3 majority over other members. Discussion of the panel report will resume at 3 p.m. today in the Con Con Room of the International Center. - BEVERLY TWITCHELL • John Taylor: The solution w.on't be found in power Following are excerpts of a presentation by John F. A. Taylor, professor of philosophy, in introducing his panel's report on' student participation in academic governance to the Academic Council last week. . is The universtiy that singular institution in which everyone has his individual voice, but which is internally so ordered that every voice, as in a parliament, may receive its due hearing. ... We are asked to respond to an action of the Senate in which major proposals of the Academic Council were set aside ... You are not asked to arbitrate that fact or to quarrel with it. You must simply this accommodate it, and take instruction from it, that the Senate is perfectly decisive with respect to the unacceptableness of the original proposals. But there is a second fact, a fact ... Chest campaign stalls at 93 percent The University is 7.3 percent short of meeting its quota for the 1970 United Community Chest campaign. At the final report session last week, division leaders had brought in pledges totaling $174,588.94, or 92.7 percent of the University'S goaf of$188,414. Campus chairman Armand L. Hunter, director of the Continuing Education Service, was optimistic, however, that late returns might be enough to put MSU over the top, as was the case last year. He congratulated the division leaders and solicitors who have worked on the campaign, and asked that they "leave the door open" for additional contributions. He also expressed his appreciation for the overall support of the drive by the majority of the University colleges and divisions. The final tally showed that 12 of the 26 colleges and divisions had reached their quotas: Agriculture and Natural Resources, Business, Education, Human Ecology, James Madison, Lyman Briggs. Veterinary Medicine, Continuing Education, Dormitories and Food Services, Secretary's Office, University Business Office and University Relations. supplied decisively, by action of the Senate. The Senate voted without a dissenting voice in favor of the principle of student participation in the decision - making processes of the University. In a word, the question is not whether there shall be student participation, but what form it shall take, that is, what form it 'shall take if we are to preserve the essential commission of the University as a community of scholars. It is very easy for us to fall into the fashion of conceiving this modern problem as a problem of power - of the p.ower of the faculty or of the administration or of students or of minorities. We shall then, on those terms, judge every proposal according to the competitive advantage it assigns to the special group to which we belong. You may proceed on that pattern; but there is to be found for our no solution University on that pattern ... In the design of a university it is a fundamental error to assume that every voice is competent to speak on all questions with equal authority. What design must guarantee is, on the contrary, that in those matters in which some voices are singularly competent, those voices are heard ... That guarantee is not afforded by the numbers of the speakers, but by the consent of all hearers to attend to the compe·tent voices. Mental health lectures set Hilda Richards, deputy chief· of the Harlem Rehabilitation Center, Harlem Hospital Center in New York, will give a campus seminar Thursday (Nov. 12). Mrs. Richards, also research assistant in nursing education at the Columbia University Teachers College, will discuss the Black "Rehabilitation in Community: Innovative Treatment Roles" at 12:40 p.m. in Room 116, Natural Science Building. Earlier Thursday at 11 a.m., she will discuss "The Nursing Role in Community Mental Health" in Mercy Hall at St. Lawrence Hospital. Both seminars are the Department of sponsored by Psychiatry. Michigan retains its students Michigan ranks fourth among the 50 states in the number of its students who remain in the state to attend college. lsi Statistics compiled by the U.S. ) 0 f.[qa of Educ+atll(1)n ' show that Michigan ' 'retainiJ !92't ::pe~ent of i~s college students. Only California (94 percent), and Utah (93 percent) report higher retention rates. The survey, reflecting figures for fall of 1968, show that nationally the percentage of students remaining in their home states to attend college went up for the first time in several decades. The fmdings cover a total national enrollment of 6,711 ,158 students, 5 ,474,165 of whom stayed in their home states. Most states kept at least three - fourths of their college students, but four states (Alaska, New Jersey, Deleware and New Hampshire) and the District of Columbia retained less than 60 percen t. THE FIGURES SHOW that in Michigan, 255,563 students remained in the state to go to college. Michigan sent 21,572 students to college out of the state and received 38,874 from other states for a net gain of 17,302. The highest net gains were registered in the District of Columbia (37,402), Massachusetts (37,316), Indiana (26,495) and North Carolina (23,556). Other midwestern states showing gains of students were Wisconsin (16,611), Ohio (10,361), Iowa (5,805) and Minnesota (3 ,770). The only neighboring state with a net loss in student migration was Illinois where the loss was 32,454. Only New Jersey and New York reported higher net losses. * * * . OF THE STUDENTS who leave Michigan to go to college, most choose schools in neighboring states. Indiana (2,681), Ohio (2,481) and Illinois (2,233) claimed most of the Michigan students who migrated, although California (1,353) ranked fourth in attracting the state's college bound students. Michigan's students were least likely to go to college in Nevada (6 students), and Alaska and Maine (12 students to each state). States sending the largest number of students to Michigan colleges were Ohio (5,587), Illinois (4,868), New York (4,575) and Indiana (2,648). The smallest numbers came from Nevada (19); Alaska (35) and Wyoming (36). * * * MSU's enrollment in the fall of 1968 was 39,949, and Michigan residents made up 32,217 of that total . Illinois sent 967 students to MSU, tops among the other 49 states. Ohio (828) was second, followed by New York (735) , Pennsylvania (473), New Jersey (366) , Indiana (306) and California (225). Of the 5,985 foreign students enrolled in 1968 in Michigan colleges and universities, 1,176 were at MSU. MSU Faculty News, Nov. 10, 1970 I!~I! Tuesday, Nov. 10 - 1 p.m. (AM) : "Paul White Memorial Award Address" by Walter Cronkite of CBS News. Thursday, Nov. 12 - 11:30 a.m. (AM): "A Federal Case" reports on the military and drug scene. Friday, Nov. 13 - 1 p.m. (AM): "Law and Order in the Seventies" with Hans Mattick, U. of Chicago, and Doug Sullivan. Chicago Tod;iY. 8 p.m. (FM) Opera is "The Barber of Seville." Monday, Nov. 16 - 1 p.m. (AM): An address by Adm. Thomas Moorer, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. mlDsa I Tuesday, Nov. 10 - 7 p.m. President Wharton and guests explore campus issues on "Presidential Forum." . Clerical-technical group ... (Concluded from page 1) DASEN SAID he thinks that clerical technical employes will benefit by having official spokesme~ to represent the MSUEA in discus'sions with the administration. "All other groups have got higher percentages of benefits (than CoT employes) in the past few years," he contended, "and all of our working conditions haven't been improved at the same rate." He pointed out that A-P employes this year received improved salary equality, formal evaluation procedures and a set of M§lT Faculty New§ Editor: Gene Rietfors Associate Editor: Beverly TwitcheD Editorial Offices: Rooms 323 and 324, Linton Hall . MiChigan State University, East Lansing 48823. Phone: 355-2285. Published weekly during the September - June the Department of academic year by Information Services. Second - class postage paid at East Lansing. Mich. 48823. - hearing procedures - like to see for CoT e~ployes. features he would If the MSUEA is not able to get the membership it needs (under terms of the Hutcheson Act) for recognition, it has two alternatives. One would be to attempt to join the A-P Association, a move that would require action by the A-P group. A motion to offer membership to the some 200 supervisors who are classified as CoT employes was tabled last year by the A-P Associa tion - it remains tabled. A-P President William Kenney said that while his group hasn't "closed the door on expanded membership," the association is not going "to encourage any groups to join us" at present. A second alternative , Dasen said, is for the MSUEA to petition the state's Labor Meditation Board to conduct a referendum among CoT employes. This would be possible when the MSUEA obtains membership of 30 per cent of the group it seeks to represent, and when it is ruled to be an appropriate bargaining unit. The referendum would allow the employes to accept the MSUEA, any other organization, or to reject the idea of any organization. "It would be a sink or swim situation ," Dasen said. Other officers of the MSUEA include : Vice president - Beverly Oetzel, senior departmen tal secretary, chemical engineering; corresponding secretary - Marcia McConnell, senior departmental secretary, registrar's office; recording secretary - Elva Trimble, office assistant, . registrar's office. Radio show set A special program dealing with life on a major university campus - Michigan State - will be aired Wednesday at 7 :30 p.m. on Detroit's WJR radio. The program, "The Heart of the Matter,' will be repeated Sunday at 2:30p.m. Featured on the program is David Manshot, a junior majoring in packaging who will reflect on his likes and dislikes about living and learning at MSU. Saturday, Nov. 14 - 12 :30 p.m. "Salazar Inquest" is a special dealing with inquest of the death of Los Angeles newsman Ruben Salazar. Sunday: Nov. 15 - 12 :30 p.m. " Should the Federal Government be Responsible for Registering All Eligible Voters for President?" is the question for"TheAdvocates."1:30 p.m. "The Hero as Artist" features works of Michelangelo, Raphael, Bramante on "Civilisation." 10 p.m. "Two by Martha Graham" marks the retirement of the famed dancer. 11 p.m. "Ceremony of Innocence" is the drama of an 11th - century king on "NET Playhouse." Research seminars slated Wednesday Arthur B. French, professor ofinternal medicine and director of the Clinical Research Unit at the University of Michigan, will give two public lectures Wednesday on campus. He will discuss "Adolescent Cystic Fibrosis" at 4 : 10 p.m. in Room 313, Natural Science Building, and he will speak on "Of Mink and Men : Absorption and Malabsorption" at 8 p.m. in Room 100, Engineering Building. The first lecture is sponsored by the Department of Medicine and the Ingham County Medical Society, and the latter by the MSU chapter of Sigma Xi. - Photographed by Dick Wesley In,,u ra~uny 1~t:W1li, l'lU~. IV, 1:1 IV A need to 'live with uncertainty' (Editor's Note: Following are excerpts for a recentspee~h - "Is There ~ Crisis in Science?" - delivered here by George S. Hammond, chairman of chermstry and chemical engineering at California Institute of Technology. His adJress was one of the distinguished scientistt series~ sponsored by MSU's Science Development Program.) If a crisis is a dangerous turning point. I truly believe that the present situation in tl,e world of science can be so designated. The external evidence is ample. Support of scientific research by public funds has been contracted sharply during the past three years; science graduates are suddenly experiencing severe difficulty in finding jobs; some of the technological industries are experiencing real financial problems; and the wave of anti - intellectualism sweeping our society finds a special target in science. All of these conditions are strikingly changed from those experienced only a few years ago. Some of the external changes can be associated with change and travail in the society as a whole. Many scientists seize upon this fact to avoid facing self - scrutiny that may well be needed. There are many who feel that termination of the war in Southeast Asia would be followed automatically by resumption of the growth pattern of science seen in the mid-sixties. I myself doubt that this would be the case, partly because I see a number of problems within science itself. While our fate is partly controlled by factors over which we hav.e little control, we can at least give att,ention to the need for change in our own research and teaching. When we look for problems within science, we see pleJlty of symptoms. Penisal of the current literature shows an alanning amoWlt of repetition and redundance. Results of many experimen tal and theoretical studies are reported. The work really is new and the methods may show great ingenuity andinteUectual perceRtion;y~t the answers are often depressingly similar to answers produced five, to or even IS years ago. We also see a kind of childish competition among scientists accepted as a reasonable way of life .. ; Finally";' we see that,the sCientific subculturehas.<~ developed many of the characteristics most often criticized , in establis~ett: churches. We have ritual, dogma and a powerfuthigh priesthood. The church of science shows incredible intolerance in defining areas of curiosity which may be . regarded as proper scientific work ... * * * SOME SAY that science has matur.::d, that its form is fIXed, and that we will see only progressive development within the form that is already established. If this is true, the prospect is sobering. We would conclude that scientific discovery will roll on over a relatively smooth path. If the machine has in fact been created in nearly final form. all we will need to do is continue to feed in fuel in the form df new scientists, and oil the works with a reasonable level of financial support ... Personally, I disagree with this analysis and wish to suggest an alternate point of view. When I look at us and the universe around us, I see much more that I do not understand than I understand. Science is, according to my dictionary. systematic understanding of the physical world. If so, my own observation tells me that science must be far from finished. I further believe that we may have a problem in science at this time because too much of our attention in centered on what we know fairly well and too little on things about which we know very little ... entircly unprecedented task. We must find within a single generation a kind of;'Se'lif-:q renewal and reorientation that has previously been spread~v~r.5eve:ral g~neratiotls;():j The prospect is frightening, because we all must have ~e ' fear that det~ileti­ scrutiny of what is new and what is old might relegate our 'own finest work-to historical museums. Furthermore, the creative young peopTe who enter science must face the challenge of defining the new wave of science for themselves, since those of us who teach are so inestricably involved in what has now become history. * * * : .. I bl:!!ieve that two of our problems are: Failure to adapt to the sensational advance in learning during recent years, and failure to appreciate the need for science devoted to modeling the complex. If there is merit in this view, we can ask wliat can be done about it. I assure you that I have no final or highly definitive answers. I believe that a first step is recognition of our problems and acceptance of th.e cold fact that we are not about to fmd fmal solutions. Unless we can live with ambiguity and uncertainty, we will never get out of the box created by our desire to define for an time the style and content of science. By insisting that we know what science is "pure" and "basic," we generate the rigidity that seems a characteristic of old, decadent societies in general. If we were to now defme regidly a new path or a new scientific philosophy, we wonld only initiate a new stage in rigidification . . . " A common reaction to the overkill that we see in some areas of science is to cut