| THN ahi i a ae sig Sha Sin ee Se 4, Hada. Ded. VOL. TIL; NO. 4—WHOLE NO. 12. z ne and AH Lid : peat i F i i W. # GEORGK £ CO., PRINTERS & WIXDERS, LAX&IKG, MICH. 3 Ik th ! BROAS, the One-Price Clothier, Undersells them all on Clothing, Hats, Caps, and Gents’ Furnishing Goods, CORNER MICHIGAN AND WASHINGTON AVENUES, LANSING. JOHNSON @& FOLLY, RETAILERS OF FINE DOMESTIC AND me 1) GROCERIES. RS, Special Rates Given to Students. ZTOowW ARSE INVITED Toe CALL. OVER LANSING FATIONAL BANK. U. H. FORESTER, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL BOOKS, Stationery, Toys, and Fancy Goods, CORNER Storer, Orena Broce, LANSING, - - MICE. —s a COLLEGE TWEADQUARTERS C. ALSDORE & SON’S DRUG STORE. _ Davas, PERFUMES, CHEMICALS, Torre ARTICLES, ARID Jk GENERAL. LINE OF NOVELTIES anp Fancy Goons, Wil OF A LINTS or AMERICAN WATCHES in Gold and Silver cases from the best man- utaeturers, Also AN CLEGANT ASSORTMENT Jewelry and Silverware. We compete in prices with any of the larg r cities. eo eee ee ee — WESLITY EMERY, WIOLESALE AND RETAIL , BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER. Correspondence FoWolicd, BOHOOL Books FURNIsurp FoR Kinst IntRopucriox, Lobearies Furnished aé Faseeal Fintira, 16 Michigan Avenue, - LANSING, MICH, THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. Vou. LI.—No, 4, LANSING, MICH., JUNE 1, 1884. Wuote No, 12, Apostrophe to our Class-Room Skeleton. CHAS. HM, HiOy'E, "55, ¥o lifeless relie of an anelent clan, Ye ghastly home of a departed man, Why stand ye there a horrid sizht ? Our lives are just, our deeds are right: Back to our minds, you cannot bring A bloody corpse, or murdered king. Sometime, perhaps, in your old shell A noble Inmate there did dwell, No more he'll need thy earthly crust, His spirit's fled, his body's dust : No more he'll need thy bony form, Tt ne'er again can ward off harm. Long, long ago, within some quict dell, The measured music of a solemn bell Called to the church thy friends and kindred dear, The soothing words of priest, or text, to hear. Then lo thy grave, if thou didst own a erave, Thy wasting form from stormy winds to save; secure in sleep, for coming years to stay Beneath the marble slab that marked the way. But no! Thy lot was not a peaceful rest, : Por men of science held thy bones in quest. Back to their place cach whitened bone was Lald, And of thy corpse a tool for scienco made, Clus3 after class thy various bones have namcal, And ne'er has thy unsightly form been blamed, As some do gage in‘o thy staring eyes, To them, grim pletures of the past do rise: Methinks to them some horrid dream AppeNs When dark and dreadful night awoke their feara: And some that look upon thy ribbed breast, Their vacant laugh proclaims their minds do jest. Stil others, with a thoughtful mion, do sean The bony remnants of an anclent man. Back to my mind, thy Heshless skull recalls Thoughts of the man that dwelt within its walls: Of allthe joys and pleasures that he shared, OF all the sorrows that his life impalred; How often he for earthly gains has planned, How oft the mighty dollar filled his hand, On, if more humble were his battles won, And to his fellow men good deeds he done— Perchanes, some mortal that's alive to-day Will to hls memory some homage pay. But why? It matters not what's been thy past, For years to come thy bony form will last. Then stand yo there! If thou to man can teach Thoughts of himeelf, and how these thourhts to reach: Then thou, to man, « higher gift have made Than if thy bones lay deep beneath the shade, Self Inde pendence. C, (, LILLIE, UKION LITERARY Scclrery, Some men are really independent; but a greater number are too often in every thought and act | dependent. hey drift with the tide of popular opin- | ion, never thinking whether it is right or Wrong, and whether it be their proper course or not, though they have the power within themselves of shaping an inde- pendent course and pursuing it—to their own advan- tage—tothe end. They lack personality. They con- stitute a mass of beings, dependent in thought and act on the few. They are bound by bonds which, though seemingly weak and easily broken by one strong impulse of the will, yet hold them securely in the embrace of dependance. That man leads an independent life who marks for himself an individual course and pursues it; a course which gives him individuality among men, It may, perchance, resemble and even follow the very foot- steps of another; but it is so from intention and choice and not from mere circumstance. He sees far off in the dim horizon, or it may be the very zenith, his star—it may be dim to others but it is bright to him—and towards this his life’s pathway leads; he moulds existing circumstances and shapes events with a view to paving a way to this end. This man has personality and independence. He has some- thing to work for; and he thinks and acts for him- self, There is no drifting with the tide in this case, but with a strong aim and a mind not bound or bur- dened by dependency he forces himself along with or even against the surges of the flood. We are apt to do what some one else does simply because they do it, One ean, indeed, do the same thing or have the same opinion or belief on a subject that some one else had and still be independent. But how often do we hear offered as the only excuse for a certain act or course. of action, that some one else did the same. We take a side on some question, not because we believe it to be right nor from any settled convictions of our own, but because some one else Whom we may think possesses good judgment, takes the same side. Callings are chosen and followed from the same reason. Not that they are partic- ularly adapted to us, or that we have thought about and considered the subject to any great extent our- selyes; but from the facet that some profession, it may be, has become the rage, or that some one who has qualities and talents fitted for it and has gained attaiments which we admire, happens to be working in that profession. The chances are that if we depend on others’ thoughts and plans in starting we will depend more and more on their thoughts until finally no actis done unless we are sure some one else has done so, or suggested it. They will do the thinking and we act—if we do not cease to act at all —on their thoughts. Many, even if they are. choos- ing for life, choose a trade or calling or some employ- ment where the main influences brought to bear tend to pluck out or destroy the very nature of independ- ence. A man may become a mere machine. Not one idea is pronounced or exercised unless suggested ; not one advantage taken unless directed, his is caused by suppressed thought. One person's thought creates and directs all, and others which may be bet- ter are put down, kept down, smothered as it were until the person ceases to think altogether and depends wholly on the other, following as directed, helpless and dependent. It is difficult to conceive of a more unfortunate condition than this, where men become mere tools. Having no thought, apparently, for their own welfare, they drift through life to serve other people’s ends, making their own life tedious and wretched. ig Many seem to possess the idea that to be inde- 2 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. endent is to be opposed to everything, and that if one thinks and acts with others he is not independent. But if one studies the thoughts and acts of another, meditates upon them, forms his own individual opin- ion, and then acts with or against another, he is inde- pendent. If, however, he had followed the course without considering its significance, then that would not have been independent action. An independent politician may act with different parties on different questions, or he may act with the same party through- out. He first thinks, and then acts from his honest convictions, If an independent career is started and the end not reached, it is independence nevertheless. Circumstances have been-shaped and turned in a definite direction by individual and independent thought, and that constitutes independence. It. is. far more of a failure to drift through life carelessly Without thought or plan, even, if the end happens to be more successful, than to fail to do what one tries. The one is adrift in a mist and by chance is picked up; the other is battling bravely in a furious sea against unmanageable, uncontrollable cireumstances. To be independent one need not necessarily be con- tinually and entirely striving for self. He can have the welfare of others at heart as well. But if he works for self he must necessarily help others by set- ting an example and stimulating thought and action. Moreover it 1s one’s duty to work for self; to do all he possibly can, and doit honorably; to raise him- self to power, influence, and esteem. This is not selfisliness, but duty not only to one’s self but to all who come in contact with him. It is no easy matter to be independent. It costs— what is to some a great deal—exertion. One must be willing to labor if he takes a man’s part in life. He must gain strength of character so that he will not be borne down by the eddies and whirlpools of society. To be independent takes will power and action. But is not independence ample compensa- tion; is not the satisfaction of being a man among men a rich reward? Then, too, the only way one ein gain self-power is by self-exertion, He who drifts thoughtlessly, carelessly, and without effort on the great sea of life, receives no strength of charac- ter or purpose, and may be borne down by the first great breaker; but he who ploughs his own course can receive sufficient strength to stand the most tem- pestuous sea. = Reasons for a College Education. F. L. CHAPPELL, ECLECTIC SOCIETY, The uneducated and unlearned are those that fill our prisons and poor-houses ; they are the uneouth rowdies to be seen anywhere. Knowledge and train- ing seem to give men power to raise themselves from such degraded positions. An uneducated man is inclined to one-sided views of a subject. He often says that the wise and learned judge and the ignorant and unlearned ditch digger should be paid alike. He does not realize that years of study are required to fit the one for his profession, while the other has but to learn at which end the spade should be asped. The wise desire knowledge: it widens their ylews and rounds up the man, The first reason for attend. ing college is the acquirment of knowledee, 4 eom- paratively small amount is obtained, to be sure, but the desire for it is increased ten-foli, The traming of a college education enables us to more easily take narrow and a ing things demonstrated. obtain knowledge. More of a subject is remembered after it has been once learned. The powers of rea- son are increased ; a man’s mental arms are strength- ened, The training and knowledge are not all there is to be obtained from a college education although yery important, A person with a fiery temper, after hay- ing associated three or four years with average col- lege students, will find his temper much eooled. B the time he has shown himself in a fierce rage, an is made the object of ridieule for a few days he is forcibly impressed with the fact that it does not pay to get “ mad.” ; Again, if a man “thinks that he knows all, is all, and that the remainder of creation is nothing,” there is no better place for him to find out his mistake than at college. When he begins to think himeelf indispensable to his class, and to the institution gen- erally, there will usually be some occurrence that will quite foreibly impress upon him the fact that he is not needed at all and is somewhat in the way. When this young man takes an intensely practical view of some science, as chemistry, or physies, and gives himself a shock of electricity, or dips his fingers in strong acid, he becomes painfully certain that he knows but little. Dr. Holland says: “I suppose that the first great lesson a young nian should learn is that he knows nothing; and that the earlier and more thoroughly this lesson is learned the better it is for his peace of mind.” The best place to learn this lesson is at college, On the other hand, if a young man lacks confidence in his own abilities, the college training will show him what he can accomplish, The training obtained from association in college literary societies is highly beneficial. Speaking, writing, and declaiming are practiced and eriticiam is passed on the work. This is an advantge which is next to impossible to obtain elsewhere at this time of life, and it is one that affords training of the greatest importance. The friendships formed in these socie- ties are close and lasting as are, indeed, those of the entire college. They are true friendships because they are between educated persons; the value of such friendships cannot be overestimated, The average young man at the time when he should attend college, if he stays at home does little or noth- ing. If he tends to study at home, he does not. If he earns any money, he, as a usual thing, quickly spends it. This part of his life, so far as he is con- cerned, is barren, If a young man has the persever- ence to study at home, his advantages are few. Dull facts, written in a duller style, are those which he has to deal with. Naturally he soon tires of this ; Bhould he persist, life comes to seem almost a burden to him. He has no one to converse with. about his studies. At college he would have companions with whom to discuss facts; the memory would be aided ‘by see- He would not be skeptical of some of the important truths of seience because he could now comprehend them, He would see and believe. True there are many eminent men who never attended college, but that is no sign that a college education would not have been a very great benefit to them. ‘Those men were of metal that will not rust or spoil, However it might have been brightened and burnished by a college education. A large num- ber of great men attended college when young, and it Was a great benefit to them, Since a college education will do so much for a man, and since at the age when most attend college they will do so little for themselves at home, it would seem that the best place for young men is at college, THE COLLEGE &PECTLUM, eee although they may get along very comfortably with- out a college edueation. — ie - .. — Redesming Features of Forgetfulness. — T FE, SM0TTEH, Pll DELTA THETA SiuCLETY. a We are all endowed to a greater or less degree with certain powers and eapabilities. We would deem ourselves fortunate if we had full and absolute con- trol of all these powers, and whenever they fail to respond to the will’s bidding the fact is noted with displeasure. Perhaps there is no more eommon fail- Ing nor one more universally regretted than the fail- ure of memory to bring back to consciousness faith- fully the events of the past. A perfect memory has its existence only in the realms of the ideal. Some of our failings, if not pleasant to contemplate, we can avoid, but the fact that we are exeeedingl v prone to forget 1s contmually suggested tous. At every turn, in unexpected plaees, at inconvenient times, 1f meets us and compels a recogmition, Some article mislaid eludes our most persistent searel, an engagement is remembered only after the appointed hour 1s passed, a task to be performed is neglected or left untinished, a thousand annoyances of every description, caused by this failing, befall us daily, and though the direct loss inflicted may be trifling yet they each serve as reminders of our unconquerable weakness. The events of former years, the impressions of childhood, the studies we have completed, the names of people we meet from day to day are all continually gliding away into the great gulf of unconsciousness, and memory refuses to recall them. In this, too, there is an element of almost despotic control, for the weakness is inherent in us and defies our power to remedy. Kaeh man in his passage through the world, the ablest scientists, plulosophers, the most thorough students of every kind being no exceptions, has the greatest difficulty in grasping even an infinitesimal portion of the present, and this as im its turn becomes a past is all relinquished save a few chance frag- ments. Could any one of us be thoroughly conver- gant with a hundredth part of the knowledge once acquired and sinee forgotten we would have a much larger stock of general information than we now possess, A failing which leads to such unweleome and unpleasant results does not readily present ifself to our minds in any favorable light, yet when closely examined there are few things wholly vile, few, if any, that do not contribute at least a slight portion of good. Accordingly, we look for some relieving fea- tures in the all-pervading vice of forgetfulness, and it is cheering to find them neither few nor inconsider- able. Tt is not necessary to more than mention the many cases where the failure to remember has given abund- ant cause for thankfulness, where the exact fulfill- ment of our original designs would surely have ended in disaster. It is also a fact worth noticing that the negative way of conferring o blessing does not meet with favur among men, Whether it is not attended with sufficient glory, or because it 1s usually accom- anied by a humiliating sense of weakness, it, at east, is seldom referred to with pleasure. The soldier who is indebted to his eseape from many a hard-fought battle to his insignificant sta- ture, is not likely to dwell upon that point with pride ; the man who is relieved from occupying some arda- 2 ee ee ca _ ee ous position simply through inability to discharge the duties that the position calls for, is rarely jubi- lnnt over the fact, or held by his fellows as especially fortunate. Soa good that comes through our failure to remember does not give the satisfaction that it would were it aequired through our sagacity. To foreetfulness, in a great part, may be attributed nich of our knowledge of one of the most Interest- ing of modern sciences, Man cannot live long in a place without leaving traces of his existence. And the old implements of war, utensils, tools, and spec- imens of art that he inadvertently left after him furnishes the acute scientist of to-day sufficient data from which to locate his existence in remote geologi- eal epochs, and also to determine, with considerable accuracy, the extent of his ervilization. In another aspect, forgetfulness may be also ered- ited as affording some practical advantage. The courage and efficieney of the soldier depends, in many respects, upon it. The mangled bodies of the battle field, the tears and heart-aches, and desolate homes of those who remain at home, must all be for- eotten, or his whole power of action would be para- lyzed. Inthe same manner it applies in the admin- istration of justice. The conscientious judge and jury must utterly forget whatever might appeal to their sympathy. The feelings of the friends and family of the accused must be ignored, else the stern mandates of law fail to be exeeuted and crime and its accompanying evils would soon defy the power of aw. Again, in still another sphere, forgetfulness has the appearance of being especially beneficial in its action, in that, by dulling the memory of injury it serves to mitigate hate. We can forgive but not for- wet, we often say, yet asthe years roll by the recol- lection of past injury becomes less vivid, the bitter- ness and dislike with which we regarded the offend- ing person loses its intensity. Our childhood’s quar- rels, which we think then we never can forget, if looked at in maturer years, seem mere childish whims and fancies. And many quarrels of older persons would be soon forgotten were it not that having made, in the heat of passion, wild assertions vowing eternal hatred, pride is too strong to allow us to retract those statements in our more sober moments, although our better nature prompts us to do so. _ Although forgetfulness causes many misfortunes and failures, yet it has redeeming qualities enough to warrant the assertion that it is not atall to be regret- ted that we can forget. Were it not possible, far too much of life might be spent in vain and morbid broodings over trifling or fancied wrongs. Human nature has its inexorable laws of forgetfulness and erowth. Time brings change to all men and this ehange is produced full as much by forgetting old ideas, as by acquiring new ones. _— Who is the Practical Man? co, COLLINGWIOD, DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERNITY, From all places where men are employed the cry comes up, ‘send us practical men,” and naturally among those who are fitting for life’s work there 1s the inquiry, “* Who is the practical man? What is sractical for one purpose may be useless for another, it is therefore easy to see why there is so great m mis- understanding in regard to the “ practical man.” If a man’s work through life were to consist of a certain | number of motions performed a certain number of | times, then an interval for rest, then more motion, 4 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. more rest, and so on, it would be easy to suggest a course whereby he might best be trained to perform his part and do it well: Such a man would be a good mechanic, a8 the word is used in its narrowest sense, he could never be anything more, . In the large factories and machine shops each mechanic has a certain work to do, perhaps it con- sists in fitting pinions to watch-wheels, or perhaps in polishing a boot heel. Such men are well trained, they can do something useful, but are they practical ? ‘he factory shuts down and the mechanic is thrown out of work, he can polish, perfectly, a large number of boot heels, but he cannot make a boot. His prac- tical knowledge is useless to him outside of his special brand of work. The special traming was probabl forced upon him by unavoidable circumstances, It has done all that it can for him, and outside of it he may be an impractical and useless man. It is only a matter of regret that he has chosen to be simply a heel polisher, Tt is with something stronger than regret that we look upon the heel polishers who are produced by a college education, Let us call such a man trained rather than educated. If he went to college to get an education he has either neglected grand privileges or he has had the misfortune to place himself in a training school rather than a college. It is either his fault, or the fault of the college. Perhaps both are to blame, but undoubtedly he is the principal cause as well as the greatest sufferer. _if the college has undertaken to superintend his simplest acts, if it gives him no freedom to select studies, if in short it treats him as a boy instead of a man, he goes into the world a boy and must learn some hard lessons. If the honors of the course are governed by a system of marking in recitations it uts in his path a temptation to work for honors instead of knowledge, to learn perfectly the particular point he expects to recite, instead of gaining informa- tion on the subject. If the college course tries to answer the ery for practical men, and sends him into the world well trained in one special branch, but so utterly impractical in the affairs of life that he is |- useless until he learns “things never dreamed of in his philosophy.” Then the college is partly, at least, to blame, But mostly it is in himself, here is his chance and here he comes, half-formed, to prepare himself for real life. Heretofore he has been a mechanic, certain things were true because certain men said so. Now each statement can be questioned, proved to be either right or wrong. He can study the motives which actuated men in the past, he can study the motives which are at work to-day. He ean study nature, not as one man sees it in fitting the laws to a theory, but as the phenomena exist, and as the causes must be, To gain breadth of mind he must have the mechanic's power of plodding; thus, and only thus can he rise into original, active, and progressive work. If, instead of improving his opportunity, the stu- dent seizes only a small corner of knowledge, learning mechanically because he has not acquired breadth to advance intelligently, losing all interest in men, past, present, and future, except so far as they go in his line, he becomes a machine and will never rise higher. He has untitted himself for life because life is too varied to be understood from a sample clipped from a corner. He cannot even teach the subject for which he is trained, because he does not understand men. What folly to talk of a strictly practical education. A course may be so arranged, or the atmosphere of the college may be such, that it will tend to ereate an interest in certain work. But if the work needs a ee = =F special, mechanical, or mental training to perform certain parts of it, the special training should not: be undertaken until breadth and power have been acquired sufficient to perform something more than routine work. If the most auecessful pliysician is he who, as soon as he could read, studied nothing but medicine; if the most successful lawyer is he who has spent all lis time and energy in reading law; if the most successful farmer is he who has always lived on the farm and ean plough the straightest furrow; if these and nothing else are necessary to the best and truest success, our colleges are failures. Such is not the fact. The most successful lawyers, doctors, and farmers are the men who combine the most thorough knowledge of the details of their work with a broad knowledge of men and things. In doing his work the man must live, why not lay a foundation for A If the tendency toward specialists made necessary a narrow and mechanical training it would indeed be a lamentable fact. It is notso, Other things being equal, he is the most progressive and most useful worker in any department, who lays a broad founda- tion of knowledge. Who then will undertake to strike all but the practical from a college education. Few on entering college kuow what their work through life will be, and yet they will talk glibly of the practica- bility of this or that study. Something more than the mere facts learned must be taken into considera- tion. The discipline may help to broaden the mind BO that more and more important facts may be grasped. For progressive work facts without theories are as useless as theories without facts. Knowledge is power only when the knowledge is broad and deep. ‘The truly educated man is a power no matter what his work; so far as his education is true it will lift him from the plodding mechanic to the artist who originates and progresses. It is only by this breadth of knowledge that he can become the truly practical man, SCIENTIFIC. Licalization of Function in the Brain, Since the celebrated experiments of Flonrens in 1822 when the hemispheres of the brain or the cere- bral lobes were removed, in pigeons, and the subse- quent actions of the birds carefully noticed, there has been no doubt of the function of the cerebrum. With the loss of this part of the brain, there is also a loss of memory, intelligence, and judgment. A pigeon with the cerebrum removed has still its sensa- tion, power of motion, and all its senses imtact; it hears, sees, feels, and moves, but its actions are of the stupid kind, seemingly entirely uncontrolled by intelligence, Pathology sustains the conclusions of Flonrens, With softening of the brain the intelli- gence is lost. Accident, by which the cerebrum is greatly injured, either in manor the lower animals, proves the same, Comparative anatomy and physi- ology of different races of men and of different ani- mals leads to the same conelusion. Late in the last century Gall of Germany advo- cated the proposition not only of localization of funetion in the brain, but from empirieal data, insisted that the contour of the surface of the skull would indicate the development of corresponding portions of the brain, Spurzheim became the ardent disciple of Gall, and early in this century brouglit the new doctrine to America; where a more credulous, but less cautious people gave quick ear to this fasci- — ee was = orig, oa, THE COLLEGE =m = oo la te nating theory, and phrenology gained quite a foot- | hold, though few seieutists were deceived and so its | adherents were principally of the non-seientific. At) present the phrenologists themselves acknowledge | that their determinations are quite unreliable. Grant- | ing localization of funetion in the cerebrum, the | varying thickness of the skull and depth of convolu- tions, the great mass of the brain at the base entirely | removed from the cranium, the difficulty of knowing the precise character even of our most intimate friends, aud the rare opportunity of examining thie | brains, post-mortem, of those we know best, which would make the mapping out of the brain to repre- sent the function of its several parts a long and most difficult undertuking, all stamp phrenology as seudo-scientifie, even granting that im principle it is & basis in fuet, ‘Therefore all scientists of this branch of plivsiology reject phrenology, even though they may accept localization of funetion. In 1870, Fritsch and Hitaig of Germany, startled physiologists with the announcement that the cortex of the brain was excitable, and that by galvanizing certain portions certain definite results, either of sensation or motion, invariably followed. Thus we have the theory ably maintained by Professors Fer- rier and Yeo of London, that physiologically the brain is divided off into small separate sections each with its own special funetion. According to this view the gray matter of the brain does not act as a whole as the seat of the higher mental faculties, but each locality las its peeuliag and independent function. So many independent experimenters have sustained the point made by Ferrier, that irritation of a certain limited portion of the gray substanee of the bram does invariably produce certain definite motions in special organs and parts, that nearly all physiologists aecept the view and arcue in favor of localization of function in different parts of the hemispheres. The above has been grasped as a crumb of comfort by the believers in phrenology. They say our theory is eor- rect, at least, even if it is practically worthless. But is this localization of funetion proved? It is well-known that white nerve fibers run everywhere to the gray nerve cells. We also know that the nerves from every organ run to the cerebrum passing through the peduneles. We feel certafn that each fiber unites with some cell, probably by a pole of such cell. How do we know then, in these various experiments of Fritsch, Hitzia, Ferrier and others, but that this nerve connection 18 irritated? We would thus get motion of some definite part, tle same as if we gal- vanized the lateral white columns of the spimal cord. Again animals and persons have had a consider- able portion of the cerebrum removed, or idlestroyed by disense, and upon recovery, would seemingly recover their full intellectual power, although the destroyed portion of the brain was never restored. This would be easily understood if the brain acts as a whole, but is inexplicable on the theory of loval- ization of funetion. The same fact holds true of the cerebellum; a portion of which has been per- manently extirpated, and yet full coordination was restored after the lesion was produced. Without doubt what is true of one part of the brain in this respect is true of all, It may be asked, would not the fibers from certain organs be cut off in ease of such lesions, and how could such organs ever act again? We can easily believe that such fibers would nnite with other cells. Such union would be far less strange than many well-known physiological phenomena, as gestation mm the abdominal cavity. ee cry onee recoenized as something new, which SPECULUM. e) a. But lately this matter has been seemingly settled by experimental evidence. Prof. Goltz of Strasburg and Ferrier of London each submitted to 1 committee of experts, the first a dog, the latter a monkey, both of whieh animals had had a considerable portion of the hemispheres removed. ‘The actions of the animals were closely observed for some time, after which they were killed and the brains carefully examined. The eonelusion of the committee is as follows: The monkey furnished by Ferrier (who strongly believes in localization, and would surely present as strong a case as possible) presents no evidence in favor of localization. From the dog on the other hand, exhibited by Goltz, the conclusion is war- ranted, that large portions of the cortex can be removed, without producing any of those effects which would be expected if the theory of localization were true; and at the same time the removal of por- tiona of the cortex diminishes general intelligence. Of course farther investigation is necessary to set- tle this matter. Yet at present we feel that the view of the cerebrom as the seat of general intelligence, and that it acts as a whole, seems to be ahead. et A New bat Terrible Inseet Pest in Michigan. About three weeks ago we received from Bay City letters to the effect that a “black worm” was devas- tating the market gardens of that city to an alarm- ing extent, Almost everything in the vegetable line wis being appropriated by these alarming pests. As indicative of the alarm felt by the horticulturists we may state that in four days five letters and three tel- exrams were received asking for information and help. At the same time specimens of the marauders were received from the infested district. The cater- pillars—-for such the insects proved to be Nett at ‘et, towether with their exceeding numbers and promis- elous appetites—they will even eat mullein, and care so little for their breaths that onions are quickly seized upon and devoured by them—give to the raid an unusual interest. We at once coneluded to move to the front and inspect the army m the field. We arrived at Bay City at 10 o'clock p, m., and set out at ounce to inspect the enemy. At midnight we were in the centre of a fine garden and found the meects banqueting on every vegetable within reach, Straw- berry vines were being cut down by myriads of jaws ; peas were being mown off hy wholesale, A fine onion bed was being sacriticed to the insatiable appe- tites of these thousands of caterpillars, the buds of the pear and apple trees, grass and clover; and even the very weeds were being consumed, by these noe- tural devourers. We found that the insects feed for the most part by night, and hide in the grass, wuder leaves, or just within the earth by day. They also feed on cloudy days. a The caterpillars are striped with longitudinal lines of black alternating with helt lines. At first the vel- vety black predominates so that the larve are called black. Alone the back isa black line. On each side of this is a lighter line made by dashes and dots of white intermixed with black. ‘The uppermost dashes of white often have, especially when nearly mature, uite a yellow or brown cast, The lower border of these lines are formed by quite a regular line of white, whieh is often interrupted, however, by the black. On each side, below these lighter lines, another black line is seen. Below this another light 6 THE COLLEGE SPECULTYM. line bordered above and below with a white line quite irregular along the margins, and somewhat inter- rupted by black. All four of the light lines have a central line of black, which, especially the lower ones, are somewhat interrupted by cross lines of white. The lees, about the mouth, and the sides of the head are brown; the underside of the body is black. These larve feed about five weeks, attam a length of 3.75 em. (14 inches). After the last molt, the black almost disappears, its place being taken by erayvish or brownish lines. The dorsal line is dark, much broadened on the back part of each segment. Qn each side of this is a pinkish brown stripe which runs the whole length of the larva, With a magni- fier this is found to be mottled, made up of olive brown, white, and pink. Below, these lines are bor- dered by narrow dark lines below which the white line, the lower border of the light stripes in the earlier stages, is still seen. Below this is an olive gray line which has replaced the old lower black lines. The lower light lines are now olivaceous with greenish white borders. The whole underneath is now olivaceous. The prothoracic shield and the cen- tre of the head are still black, while the sides of the lead are deep brown, The entire length of the insect is now 1} inches, or 3.75 em. The chrysalis is 4 of an inch long, brown in color, and terminated by a forked spine. The insect pupates in the earth. They belong to the Noctuidw family of moths, and #0 are closely related to the cut worm and army worm moths, Undoubtedly they are well-known to entomologists in the moth state, but have never been numerous enough before to attract attention as larve. If they continue to come in such overwhelming num- bers, they will become one of our worst insect pests, Most insects feed on a few special plants, as the potato beetle on potato, the codling moth worm on the apple, ete., while these larve take everything: and when we remember that they are often so abund- ant that we may destroy a hundred by one step, we appreciate the magnitude of the evil. The remedies are difficnlt to find. Poisoning is not practicable; we may poison a million, but what good, when a billion stand ready to take their places. It may be possible to keep them off by use of gas tar water, or carbolic acid mixture. The former is much prized in Europe for such purposes, and is found valuable at Bay City. We have now heard of this insect as very harmful aut Bay City, Portsmouth, Saginaw, Alpena, and Traverse City. We should like to hear from other places in northern Michigan. There is something very strange and interesting in the fact that many common insects, usually harm- less, all at once come in armies and lay waste whole regions. The explanation probably lies in the fact that their native food plants are destroyed as civil- ization advances, in the varying number of their enemies— insects, birds, and mammals—and in pecu- liar seasons which are specially conducive to the development and spread of the insects. It is not probable that this new “army worm,” the ‘black army worm,” will come in such abundance another year, or at least not for a series of years. ie Podura ina Well, Mr. A. Collins and others of Union City in this State, are much annoyed by the presence of a small insect, a Podura, in their wells, in such prodigious numbers that they sometimes appear like scum on the water, The Podura or Spring-tail is a wingless insect, which is often classified by entomologists in an order, Thysanura; which word means fringed tail. All insects of the order Thysanura are wingless. Some naturalists place the Podura and their congeners among the lace-wings or Neuroptera, regarding them as degraded species of that order, The common names Bristle-tails, Spring-tails, ete., as also the term Thysanura refer to the tail-like appendages at the tip of the bodies of these insects. in the family Poduridw, this tail is bent under the body, and by using it as a spring-pole, the insect is able to make rodigious leaps, hence the term Spring-tail, These pring-tails are often seen in damp cellars, under hoards. The Poduride are elongated insects and closely resemble the larve of aquatic Neuroptera, They have antenne which are four or six jointed, six lege ter- minated with claws; and are covered either with hair or scales. Sometimes these scales are covered with very minute markings, which make them admirable as test objects in determining the power of objectives. These Podure are very prolific—a single female can produce more than 1,000 eggs. No wonder then that they appear quickly in a well, in great numbers, even though the water was nearly all pumped out only a short time before. The species which is troubling the people of Union City is probably new to science. To the tip of the antenn it is 14m.m. long. The antenn# are four jointed and not quite as jong as the head. Just ack of each antenna are four eyes, in two oblique rows. There are a few hairs on the body but no scales. The bristle is quite strong. Each foot is ti ped with two claws; one being longer than the other, Dr, Packard has described a species as Podura ambulans, which much resembles this one, but he speaks not at all of the eyes, a marked feature of this species, Podure are known to infest wells in Europe. They are entirely harmless, and but for the disagreeable thought connected with this sort of flavoring, might be left in the water with no disquietude. Where they firé 80 numerous as to give anxiety they may he removed by use of a strainer; Since hearing from Mr. Collins, we have found these little white Podure in several wells, though not in such great numbers as are seen in the wells at Union City, The well of Mr. Collins is 98 feet deep, and is tiled from top to bottom, By having a permanent strainer affixed to the water pail, these insects could always be removed from water which it is desired to use, and their pres- - ence do no harm, not even cause an unpleasant thought. _— a Correspondence. The following selection from the Grand Haven Her- ald will be read with interest. It rather contradicts the old saying that the civilization of a place is meas- ured by the quantity of soap used: The following letters passing between one of the pastors of this city and the Professor of Chemistry in the State Agricultural College explain them- selves. In some parts of this city, formerly quite marshy, the wells we learn are very shallow, the water therein being on the level of the original marsh. Such impure water must be still further contaminated as such districts become more densely populated, since the porous nature of the soil allows it to absorb THE COLLEGE SPECULUM, — ee and distribute the filth constantly cast wpon it in Increasing qu antity. And now to all this there comes an additional source of impurity, arising from sawdust as shown in these letters. Medical opinion inclines to the view that the resinous soap found in such water will at length unfavorably affect the kidneys. None too soon lave steps been taken to supply the city with pure witer. GRAND Haves, Micu., February, 25, 1884. Prof. KR. C. Kedzie, Lansing: _DeEaR §1n,—The enclosed sample represents a seum which rises in large quantitles when the water in this part of the town is boiled. If you can tell me what it is you will do me a favor and perhaps help me in inducing people to try and get pure water ti drink, with some benefit, as I trust, to the gen- eral health, Yours respectfully, CHE. VANDERVEEN. LANSING, Micu., March 18, 1884, Her. C. Vanderveen: DEAK S1n,—The sample of scum that rises on Grand Haven water is a light brown powder, insoluble in water, It burns with « bright smoky flame like rosin and giving a very marked odor of rosin during combustion, The proportion of resinous and combuatible matter is 83.04 per cent, leaving 11.36 per cent of ash which consists almost entirely of lime and oxide of iron. The material ia an insoluble resinous soap with lime for its chief baae, The fact that the soil water of Grand Haven contalns a nat- ural rosin soap Which becomes insoluble and separates on boil- ing the water is very surprising. But the large quantity of pine sawdust and mill waste rotting in your city seems a cause of thia surplising appearance. It naturally sets one to thinking about the influence of such water on the public health. Are other sawdust elties drinking an infusion of sawduat soap In their well water? It may be a sanitary practice to ‘‘ wash thee with nitre (soda) and take thee much soap,” but it is hardly the the thing to take the soap In daily drink, Yours for pure water, K. (. Kepzie. Phin’s Dictionary of Practical Apiculture. _ We are vey greatly pleased with this admirable little work. It is a Hit companion of that valuable volume, ““ How to Use the Microscope,” by the same author. The work shows great labor and pains. Not only are all the dictionaries and lexicons consulted, but the work shows intimate knowledge of all the old bee books from that of Markham of 1610 down to those just from the press. The book gives a very full list of terms used in apiculture, and its criticisms on improper terms are most excellent. It shows the absurdity of such terms as metal rabbets, which are really no rabbets at all, but only supports. The use of the word “hatch,” referring to emergence of the imago, and of the word “ fertilize” in place of “fecun- date,” and of “drone eggs,” etc., are all very justl condemned. We can hardly conceive how the wor could have been better done. In quite a close read- ing we have yet to find a criticism in the work to which we take exception. ie THe cottzer has recently received some very curi- ous wool from the woolen factory of Vassar, Tuscola county. It is black wool, but the middle of each liber for a distance, varying from 3 to } of an inch, is WHITE. It is not difficult to explain this physiological freak. For some time, while the white, part of the fleece was growing, the sheep was diseased, so that less pigment was secreted. Therefore the wool was white. After the recovery, the formation of the pigment was resumed, and hence the natural hue was restored. Sickness often produces quite similar results in human hair. After a period of thorough bleaching, the natural color will again appear. Biology at Cornell. CLARENCE M, WEED. The country around Ithaca, New York, is generally admitted to be one of the most picturesque regions in the United States. The towering hills, the deep ravines and gorges, the gurgling brooks and rushing waterfalls, the tranquil lake, and the variety of ani- mal and vegetable life, all combine to endear it to the lover of nature. The founders of the Cornell University chose wisely indeed in selecting such a spot for an institution in which the biological sciences were to take so prominent a part. It would seem as if they realized that the age of the book naturalist had long since passed ; and that the science of to-day requires of every devotee an actual communion with nature in the field and by the stream, as well as in the closet and laboratory. And the spirit of the instruction in the various departments of. biology accords well with these environments. In every thing the aim is to instruct the student to observe for himself, and to inspire him with a love for origi- nal research, rather than fill his mind with a mere book knowledge that would be worse than valueless. _ Of especial interest to the readers of the Speculum is the botanical department under the supervision of Prof. A. N. Prentiss, a member of the first class that graduated from our own college and afterwards Pro- fessor of botany and horticulture here. Prof. Pren- tiss is ably assisted in his work by Prof. W. R. Dud- ley, a “‘Cornellian” of the class of ‘80, The student of botany at Cornell is especially favored; not only on account of the fact that the contour of the surrounding country is so varied that he may cull his treasures from five distinct floras, those of the uplands, lowlands, bogs, rocks, and lake, but also because of the excellent facilities for instruc- tion and original research afforded by the University. Although not, as with us, pgssessing a separate build- ne the department occupies a suite of rooms admir- ably adapted for the purpose intended. The rooms occupy the east wing of Sage Hall; the lecture room being entered first leads into the laboratory, which is large, well lighted and equipped. Among other things if contains an herbarium of the local flora for students to refer to, and an aquarium containing such aquatic plants as may be desired for study. To the right as one enters from the lecture room, are the Professors’ studies, both of which are carpeted and contain excellent libraries. Beyond these a door opens from the laboratory into a magnificent conser- vatory, which, if the old saying be true, must indeed be “a joy forever.” Here are to be found sensitive- plants, various forms of pitcher-plants, Venus fly- traps, and many others of equal interest. Re-enter- ing the laboratory, a flight of stairs leads to a second laboratory, beyond which is the botanical museum containing the herbarium proper, fruits, grains, and models of plants and parts of plants. Off of this is the drying room for pressing and mounting speci- mens. The course of instruction in botany is very com- plete. Besides the ordinary courses of systematic and histulogical botany, there are courses for , the study of fungi and alge, the higher eryptogama, arboriculture and forestry, and woody-plants. . Of course many of these are only taken by such stu- dents as are making a specialty of the science, and eonsequently some of the classes are very small: thus the present term there is but one person study- ing woody-plants. The course in economic botany deserves special notice; in it the whole of systematic 8 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. botany is gone over and the economic relations of the principal plants are given. ; The department of entomology and invertebrate zoblogy is one of the most rapidly developing depart- ments of the university. At its head is Prof. J. H. Comstock, for two years the United States entomolo- gist and the greatest authority on the family of Coc- cidw, or seale insects, in the United States, if not in the world. The laboratory is a large and well-lighted room, off of which are work-rooms, store-rooms, ete. The insect collections are rapidly increasing ; among them, the recently established biological collection, representing the whole life history of each insect and the collection of Coecidew, the largest and finest in the world, deserve special mention. Prof. Comstock has given much thought to methods of laboratory work and has devised several desirable improvements. One of these is the block system for biological collections; the different forms of each species of insect being pinned to a small block which can be transferred from case to case with ease and safety. He also devised a bottle for small aleoholic specimens which are desired to be kept horizontal. The body of the bottle is square, with the neck cireu- lar and bent upward; thus preventing the leaking of the aleohol. The value of the courses of instruction in this department are greatly enhanced by the large series of glass and other models, as well as by the collections im the general museum. a aaa Notes on Lameness Among Horses. = Those who have had much experience among horses, more particularly in towns and cities, often say that lameness gives them more trouble than any other group of diseases which horse-flesh is heir to. For although the condition may not wipe out the animal, as do other diseases, yet when we come to consider the various losses one 1s put to by the depre- ciation in value, the loss of work. the expense and trouble of treatment, the uncertainity, in many instances, of a perfect cure, ete., we can form some idea why this subject should receive so much consid- eration from veterinarians and others interested in these animals. To be able to detect the limp in the early stage of its existence, is a very valuable gift to the horse owner, for by judicious management and the applica- tion of rational remedies in the proper time, serious after consequences will be obviated, and the career of permanent diseases often “ nipped in the bud.” The readiness with which some people can detect faulty action is marvellous, in comparison with the difficulty others have in perceiving anything wrong. It was said of Prof. Dick (one of the most distin- guished veterinarians of his day) that when a horse was moved in front of him for a short distance, he could tell where, and from what disease the animal suifered ; happily, however, this is a gift which can be acquired by almost any intelligent person by per- severence and care while watching the movements of lame horses. Of course, it takes time and practice to become proficient in this matter, but we are encouraged from the outset by feeling that we are becoming more and more expert in our undertaking, and finally we will be gratitied to find that we can diagnose a case of lameness at a considerable dis- tance off, by slnply watching the movements of the animal; to do this we must be thoroughly conversant with the various symptoms of individual diseases, but as these can searcely be discussed in detail here, it may be well only to notice those which are of most ‘branch of the profession. importance. In some diseases the animal comes out of the stable sound, or nearly so, but after being driven for a mile or two, more or less, it begins to lame, and the halt increases with progression ; on the other hand, animals will be brought out of the stable stiff and sore,” but after being driven for a time will begin to get better, and eventually drive out of ‘the lameness: but if such an animal be rested for an hour or so the lameness will return, to disappear again, however, on progression, We find by observa- tion that the first class, those that get lamer as they go, are often affected with disease of binding liga- ments, or muscles, sprains of various deseriptions; while the second class, those that drive ont of their lameness, are generally chronic diseases of joints, and often difficult to overcome. The first thing to be done when examining a case of lameness is to determine the disabled member, which is not always such an easy matter as one at first sight might suppose, indeed animals have been brought under our notice which have gone through various forms of trentment for supposed diseases in one leg, when the. opposite one was the culprit, Again, when a horse is lame in say the off fore leg, if it is trotted from a person will appear as if lame in the nigh hind leg, that quarter rising and falling in 4 very irregular manner; but when such an animal is reversed and trotted towards the observer it will at once be seen that the irregularity of movement depends upon the ascent and descent of the fore quarter, showing that a horse should always be trotted to and from the observer, especially a beginner, before an opinion is formed, and to determine which limb is at fault observe which leg the animal drops the weight of its body apon during progression, that will be the healthy OTe. In the stable a careful observer will see that the animal bears more weight on the sound leg than the lame one. A few years ago before veterinary surgery was studied systematically in colleges, as it is now, nearly all occult lameness in front was supposed to be in the shoulder, and that in the hind leg pronounced to be in the hip. This was certainly a very natural error to make by persons not as well acquainted with effects of disease, as most veterinarians are at the resent day, for im chronic cases of lameness at the istal extremity of the leg, the muscles in the neigh- borhood of the shoulder or hip invariably waste, so is it to be wondered at that these points should be thought to be the seat of the disease? But dissections have shown time and again that this atrophy oceurs with chronic diseases of the foot or hock. Animals lame in the shoulder or hip usually have a difficulty in bringing the foot forward and do so, as a rule,in a sort of rotary manner, Animals lame in the knee often walk sound or nearly so, but the nodding of the head at the trot is very perceptible. Horses lame in the foot generally point that organ when standing ; when lame in the hind foot, if from a puncture, they take a pecu- liarly long step during progression. If an animal is lame in both front feet it will progress in a stumbling sort of way eloquently termed “groggy.” If lame in both hind legs it will move in an awkward stiff manner. Tt must be remembered that nearly every disease which causes lameness has its own characteristic symptons, and as they are so numerous the above can only be looked upon as afew very general remarks upon this important subject. Indeed, as the study of veterinary science advances so does the study of lameness, and some colleges now properly provide a separate chair for this very important and interesting BaA. A. Graner. THE COLLEGE SPECULUM, f) Tue operations of nature proceed on all sides of us, but not often do we stop to think that these quiet ordinary phenomena are great manifestations of forces, which, without terrorizing as do the more intense forms of forces, as in the avalunele or tor- nado, are yet comparable in magnitude with them, All the phenomena of plant life are manifestations of force, and while the foree shown in the put- ting forth of a single leaf or a single blade of grass may be said to be insignificant, yet in the thousands of leaves of a tree or the millions of blades of grasa of a field the aggregate of forces may be stupendous, Plant assimilation is a process of deoxidation which cam take place only in cells having chlorophyll and under the influence of sunlight. Carbon and hydro- fen are wrested from the grasp of oxygen, and this requires an expenditure of foree which is furnished by sunlight, e force required for separation may now be said to be stored in the particles of carbon and hydrogen or in the new compound, just as the foree required to lift a stone to a given height is stored in that stone, since this force puts it in a position that by letting it fall the same amount of force is given out. In the one case work is performed in opposition to the attraction of the earth, in the other in opposition to the attractive foree of chemical affin- ity. As the foree required to raise the stone may be measured by the foree given out in its descent, the work equivalent to the heat produced by combustion gives a measure of the amount of work performed by light in the chlorophyll cells of the plant. As an illustration of these forces let us find the force that has been used in the growth of an acre of wheat, tak- ing the not uncommon yield of 30 bushels, the weight of the straw being 3,160 pounds. In combining with oxygen a pound of carbon gives out foree enough to heat eight thousand pounds of water one degree cen- tigracle, and the foree that may be given out by burn- ing a pound of hydrogen is over four times as great. The force required to heat a pound of water one degree centigrade is equivalent to the force taken to raise nearly fourteen hundred pounds one foot. Thus if carbon dioxide loses only one of its elements of oxygen in the chlorophyll cells of the plant, as supposed by Boussingault, the work that has heen performed in the growth of this acre of wheat is sufficient to raise 19,121,000,000 pounds one foot. This foree is equivalent to the force of a ten-horse ower engine running continuously ten hours a day or ninety-seven days, or it would build a stone pyra- mid eovering the acre 162 feet high, and the force required for the growth of only 4,500 bushels of wheat and its straw would be snfticient to raise the great pyramid of Cheops. L. G, CanrentEr. Tre museum has received a small quantity of the ashes of the celebrated eruption of Krakatoa of Aug. 27, last year, through Mr. Beecher, a. sailor. He states that at 10:30 4. a., while 200 miles from the voleano the noise of the explosion was heard, fol- lowed by a shower of ashes lasting from three o'clock until four oelock the next morning. This shower covered the decks eighteen inches deep, and when falling most rapidly one could not see his hand before him, These ashes, as the dust from voleanoes is generally called, are not products of combustion but rock in a very finely divided form; they form a very light, grayish powder of erystalline and vitreous par- ticles. Mr. Beecher’s description corroborates the accounts of this eruption, making it one of the most violent ever known. Mr. Beecher was 200 miles from the voleano and describes the report as tremendous, 80 that one may give credence to the testimony of many at greater distances. It is even said to have been heard at Ceylon, 2,000 miles away, and in the north-western portion of Australia. Actual showers of the dust fell several thousand miles away, and in sediment from rain in Holland, Spain, ete., have been found erystals very much resembling those shown by the microscope in these ashes. THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. Poblished Quartorly, om the lat of August, October, April, and Jane, BY THE STUDENTS —OFr— THE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, —_——_— Terms, 50 Cenrs A Year; Smnane Numpens, 15 Centra. ADVERTISING RATES MADE KNOWS ON APPLICATION, ta" All subscriptions will be regarded as continued unless we are notified to the contrary. BsanmpD oF BDprrere. Ud, TSH, Jt, Ealitor-in-Ghitfceccs Literary Articles and -Revlows Por, wh. J. QW. 2 en eee eee eee eee cee eee eee ee Be CP. GILLETT, 20. 20. ccc can sore eeelollege Nowa. OT ATR BOP ne one ec cece eee ee cree eee eee enna eeewee val CREOLE, 1. PORTE, Secretary, .Corresponlonee, Exchanges, aml Colleges. —- O. GO. LTD LTB, 222. eee eee ceee ee ceeee eee ee eee SINCE Manager Prreor, §, JOTLN SOM, . cccs cawa cnne Jone eeeweeceae cece coe eens Treasurer, LANSING, MICH., JUNE 1, 1884, — WirH THis issue the present board sever their con- nection with the active workings of the “ CotLEGE Srecuum.” We have enjoyed our year of office, although it was conpled with no small amount of work. Wedo not claim to have accomplished great things, but have all done our best and shall all ever take a lively interest in the future of our paper, and feel certain that its permanency and success have been established beyond a doubt.. We are thankful for the honor that has been con- ferred upon us in selecting us to act in this capacity, and are aware that it is the greatest gift that is in the power of our fellow students to bestow. We have felt this and appreciated it from the first, and in return flatter ourselves that we leave no regrets behind of work half done. None can ever feel more interest in the paper than we, past, present, and future, who have been econ- neeted with it shall feel. We shall always regard it in the light of an old friend who will ever be a wel- eome visitor to our firesides, reminding us of our alma mater and the happy and profitable years passed at college. WE THINK that the introduction of French and Ger- man in the college would be hailed with delight by all. For years the students were granted a year of French in the course, but now even that has been abolished. This claim rests not upon the usefulness of these languages to farmers, professional, men, or others, 10 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM, and not on their merits as languages alone, but on the magnitude and worth of the literatures, and on the unquestionable fact that facility in reading these languages is absolutely indispensable to a scholar, whatever may be his department of study. Until within a century or two scholarship had a common language, the Latin; so that scholars of all the European nations had a perfect means of com- munication, whether in writing or speaking, But the cultivation of the spirit of nationality and the development of national literatures have brought about the abandonment of Latin as the common lan- enage of learning and imposed on every student, who would go beyond the elements of his subject, the necessity of acquiring at least a reading knowledge of French and German. Indeed, the advanced student of our day can better dispense with Latin than with French, German, or English, for the most recent publications (and conse- quently the best) in all the sciences are printed in some of these modern languages. , There is probably no difference of opinion among Ameriean scholars as to the need of mastering the French and German languages. The philologists, archeologists, metaphysicians, plysicians, natural- ists, chemists, engineers, and economists all agree that a knowledge of these languages is indispensable to the pursuits of their respective subjects beyond the mere elements. Every college professor who gives a thorough course of instruction in any department finds himself obliged to refer his pupils to French and German authorities. {n the reference library of any modern laboratory, whether of chemistry, botany, philosophy, or zodlogy, a large portion of the books will be found to be in French or German. Without a knowledge of these languages it will be impossible to get at the experience of the world upon any modern, industrial, social, or financial question. With these few facts before us we cannot but see the importance of at least an insight into these lan- guages. If a short course could be instituted into our curriculum it would unquestionably add to the popularity and lead to an increased attendance at our college. Even if this had to be done at the expense, and in the place, of some studies now being pursued it would probably prove advantageous to all con- cerned. Ir is pvE to the college and the efficient professor in charge to refer editorially to the excellent course of veterinary science now being pursued here. For years the friends and supporters of the college have discussed the question of a veterinary professor at this institution, and at last we have one, and one who is eminently fitted for the position, and who is doing good work. The student is now granted a year's course in this: branch, in which time he is taught the symptoms, causes, and treatments of all of the common diseases to which the domestic animals are heir, They also receive thorough instruction in materia medica and theory and practice as relating to the domestic animals, and this department, though now in its infancy, promises to become one of the important ones of our college course. Tue Fovrrn annual convention of the Inter-Collegi- ate Society Association of Michigan, was’ held in Lansing, June 5, 6, and 7, and was attended by dele- gates from the Alpha Nu Society, of Ann Arbor, Am- phictyon, of Hillsdale College; Erosophian, of Albion College ; Sherwood, of Kalamazoo College, and Eclec- tic, of our own College. The banquet given the asso- ciation by the Eclectic Society at the Lansing House, on the first evening, was the occasion of much pleas- ure to all concerned. The enjoyment being largely added to by the kindness of about thirty Lansing young ladies, who assembled to assist the home society in entertaining her friends. The day following was devoted to business meet- ings at the college, consisting of the presentation of papers upon subjects of interest and importance to to the association. In the evening the regular liter- ary programme was presented to a large and ap- preciative audience, at the Congregational Church. Un the morning of the seventh the annual election of officers took place at the Lansing House parlors, after which the association adjourned to meet at Ann Arbor in one year from this spring. The meeting, on the whole, may be considered a de- cided success, if the opinions of the participators and observers is any criterion by which to decide. THe recent tecture of Rev. Joseph Cook at the opera-house, under the auspices of the “ Literary lec- ture bureau,” was one of the finest ever delivered before a Lansing audience. The lecturer chose for a subject, * Does death end all?” and the manner in which he handled his theme showed the immense power and learning of the man. . His arguments were founded on conscience, science, and revelation. And he produced them in such a manner that none but the most bigoted skeptic could fail to agree with him that death does not end all. A GENERAL atk of neatness and repair pervades the institution this spring. The grounds are receiving much attention, buildings being painted and repaired, and the chapel now presents a very respectable appearance with its new floor and carpets, and decor- ated walls and ceilings. Many other improvements have taken place of late, which, though slight in themselves, present a general indication of activity and taste which we are all glad to observe. . as a The interest students feel in thelr literary socielies ia mani- fested in the amount of money they are willing to spend to make their rooms appear attractive, as well as in the readiness with which they perform gsoclety work. The amount expended in thia directlon by tha Eclectic, Union Literary,ond Delta-Tau- Delta societies near the close of last term and the first of this would probably exceed $400, THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. 11 GOLLEGE NEWS. ee ie i i ie i ai lls ee et Re ae ‘#4 expects to graduate a class of thirty. Crops on the farm are promising well this spring. The lane on the farm ts now extended back to the railroad. Prof. Harrower spent a portion of the spring vacation at Ano Arbor, The new horse lawn mower finds plenty to do upon the lawns th’s term. Anew Mason & Hamlin organ has bee. purchased for the College Chapel. Nearly $30 worth of aquatic plants have been planted in the wild gardena this spring. The College Band played Hail Columbia, for the Lansing people on Decoration day. Dr. Kedzie is preparing an clectro-magnet, the lifting forces of which will bo about one ton. First-class board was furnished in the elubs, last term, ot o cost of from $3.40 to 22.71 per week. The Clags Fountaln was palnted and bronzed during vacation and now looks even belter than when new. Prof. R. C. Carpenter and Mr. L. G. Carpenter apent thelr apring vacation at their old home in Orion. The hard frost on the night of May 24, did much damage to the fruit and plants on the College grounds. Dr. Beal congratulates himeeli on having one of the most conveniently arranged studies in the country. Mrs. E. J. MacEwan, who spent nearly all of last term with her sick mother in Kalamazoo, la home again. Work progresses slowly on the new Boiler House, but accord- ing to contract, it must be completed by Sept, 1. The topographical survey of the College grounds, which was begun a year ago, fs belng carried forward this term. A barn for experimental feeding of cattle and sheep Ia to be erected on the farm this summer, Size, 34 by 45 feet. Tho fourth annual convention of the Inter-State Collegiate Suclety Association meet at this College cn the oth, 6th, and 7th of this month. The twelfth thousand of Prof. Cook's bee book has been pub- lished and over half were gold in the first three weeks after they were published, Prof, Cook spent the fore part of his recent vacation in atudy- ing up the new insect pest of Saginaw valley. The latter part he spent on his farm, The newly finished and very conveniently arranged rooms for quantitative analysis are being occupied by the senior clase, this term, for the first time. . The sheep and cattle barns have been very much Improved in appearance by a new coat of palut. All the Farm bulldings are to be painted the same color, The commencement oralors for next August are, J. R. Abbot, c. Baker, E.C. Bank, W. D. Barry, Mise Allie Johnson, ©, C, Lillie, C. E. Smith, and B. C, Porter. The students have laid about one hundred rods of 4-inch tile on the experimental grounds.in No, 3, this spring and have nearly two hundred more to put down. We do not remember of ever haying seen the lawns and flower beds about the Green House in so good a condition early in the season as they were this eperliier. We feel a little suspicious of how some of our professors in- tend to apend thelr summer vacations, Two of them, at least, have purchased high blooded trotting horses. The students ace maturing atrangements for fleld day ex- erclacs which it is expected will take place on the College rrovunds, near the middle of the present month. The foot-ball is again booming on the College campus, bub the seniors are fast losing interest in the sport; for the freshmen have learned to give as good as they take at shin kicking, The State Board made the Cotlege a visit the first of the term and it wae pleasing to notice the look of satisfaction that roeted on their genial countenances as they atrolled about the College grounds. ‘ . Prof. Harrower very kindly favored the seniors, last term, with several evening talke on free trade and protection. Some of the staunch protectlonists among the members of the class became sufficiently interested to stay late to the afler-mestings without even an invitation, Whether or not they are laboring | under conviction, itis difficult to say, but they claim not to have been converted. An engine of 3 horse power has been placed in the basement of the Chemical Laboratory to be used in running the new dynamo-electric machine. With this power very brilliant elec- tric lights are produced. My. A. C. Redding, "85, lately presented the College with an ear of corm on which several kernels had grown at the center of the cob near the tip. A similar specimen was presented last year by Mra. M. J. C. Merrill. ; We clip the following from the Defroit Free Preaa: ‘At the Agricultural College, where hundreds of boys attend annually, very rarely are heard any of the mischief-makings usually occuring in such institutions.” Prof. Scribner of Girard College has sent Dr. Beal twenty specimens of grass seed from the most promising varieties grown in Montana, Prof. Scribner is assisting Dr. Beal in preparing his book on grasses, The senlora take astronomy at 7 o'clock In the morning this term. ‘This is not asthe study was catologued, but was changed to thia hour to allow those to take both astronomy and quantita- tive analysis who wished to do so. Three of the clubs kept open during the spring vacation and about forty of the studenta remained on the grounds, most of whom spent thelr time laboring to earn a few honest dollars to help them on in their college courage. There can be no doubt but that the editors of the BFECULUM all rejoiced to know there ia no hazing to be reported in this number, but a littl excitement of that sort la often a very pro- ductive source for college news and editorials. The Mugeum has lately received a specimen of cinders thrown out by the recent Java eruption. These elnders were taken from the deck of a ship, 200 miles from the scene of the eruption, on which they fell to the depth of on> and ond-half fect, Probably the College never had a better base ball nine than at present, tterm, they purchased uniform suits throughout and now are anxiousy waiting an opportunity to test the atrength of their battery by putting it against almost any good battery willing to play them. The students are very thankful to get reduced rates to go home, during the spring vacation, It la evident, however, that the Faculty intend these tickets shall serve a double purpose: for since they are only good during vacation, they make the boys very prompt in returning on time. : Dr. Beal has received an ear of corn from Mr. L. D, Watkins of Manchester, Mich., who obtained it from the chief of the Seminole Indians of Florida. These Indians say that the corn is the aame that thelr telbe has always raised, and it is quite likely this variety of corn is aboriginal, Prof. Satterlee has given considerable attention to the appear- anee of the lawns this spring, which on account of the coptous rains are now in very good condition. The paths upon the bor- dera hare been laid with fresh soda and the requests to ‘' Keep off the grass" are well heeded by the students generally. Dr. Kedzie has sent out over 400 half-pound packages of sor- ghum see this spring, that the value of this plant for forage and the production of sweet, in this state, may be extensively tested and the resulta reported to him. It is especially desire- able to teat its adaptation to the light sandy soils. The improvements that were begun upon the Chapel last term and completed during vacation, have added to its appearance very much. The room has been re-floored, newly painted, plastered, and frescoed; the old seats were varnished and re- placed, the rostrum newly carpeted and a new organ placed up- on the platform: The term of office of the present corps of BPEcuULGM editors expires with thls number. The editors chosen for next year are: Prof. E. J, MacEwan from the Natural History Society, BR. M. Bates from the Union Literary Society, F. L. Chappell from the Eelectic Society, D. J. Stryker from the Phi-Delta-Theta Socl- ety, and H. E. Thomas from the Delta-Tau-Delta Soclety. As usual, many substances are being received by Dr. Kedzie for analyeilz. A manin Freemont, Mich,, thinks he has struck a Id mine and sends a sample of the precious soll te be ana- yeod. His gold, however, under chemical teats turns out to be only mica, valued at about two dollars an acre. Others sent aubstances requesting immediate analyals without even sending money to pay return postage, saying nothing about paying for analyzing. Four of the fire students, who were Stowards last term, were members of the senior élass and consequently not ellgible for reBlection; 89 thelr places were necessarily filled by those who were in-expericnced, but for whom we prophesy the best of success. ‘[he Stewards elected for this term are as follows: Club "' A," R. M. Bates; “BH,” oO. B, agag ae pea “Oo, a. OC. Himebaugh; "D," J. E. Hammond; “E," J. BR. Newton, 12 THE COLLEGE BPECULUM. Th te Board of Agriculture, together with the executive Aoninittens of the State Grange and the State Hortleultural Societies, will meet at the College on the 11th of June, The mombers of the State Fish Commission are expected to be pres- ent al the meeting of the State Board to ask permission to ¢e- tablish the central fish station and hatchery on the College zrounds, provided the water of the Red Cedar will permit, We understand that the Board are very willing to evant such a request, The last SPECULUM slated that one of the boarding clubs would be diseontinued this summer term, Since then the Students Organization has held a meeting and decided ta continue all the clubs this term. Tho students seemed to fear that if they les- sened the price of board by lessening the number to cook for them there would be a corresponding deterioration in the quality of board, and itis rather a difficult matter to convince a young man with a good appetite that he should take measures to 6t- cure poor board. After last tearm had closed and most of the students gone home, a challenge was received from the Olivet étudenta for nine of our boys to play them base ball and eleven to play them foot-ball on their fieldday, May 19. ‘The challenge was accepted and thoge who attended the exerclzes report a very enjoyable time, although the day was an unpleasant one. Only two of the College Nine could be got to attend and the game resulted in a score of 20 to 9 in favor of our club, For want of time the game at foot-ball was not played. A cholee lot of chemically pure substances, costing 391 marks, have recently been purchased from Germany and placed in the Chemical Laboratory. Among these substances ore crystal- ized specimens of the metals potassium and sodium, hermet- ically sealed in glass tubes, aleo 15 specimens of other motals and 72 specimens of the alkaloids beautifully mounted and dis- played in velvet lined eases, and exact representations of the three largest diamonds in the world, and numerous other things valuable for instruction in class, Rev. Joseph Cook of Boston, lectured in Buck's opera house, Lansing, on the evening of May 26th, under the auspices of the College Literary Societies’ Lecture Bureau. The lecture, though an excellent one, did not pay expenses, but it probably would if the night had been favorable. The students would gladly procure one or two of the best lecturers the country affords each term, if the people of Lansing and vicinity would ‘onize them, but otherwise they can not; for they are only ad at a high price and students’ dollars are none to plenty. A few weeks ago the students were pleasantly surprised by the appearence of the “Young Ladies' Band", who spent some little ‘time at the college viewing ite various attractive pointe. They favored the students with a very finely executed piece of music, which reflected much credit upon themselves, This band ja composed of young ladies from various parts of Michigan, and is just starting on a tour through the Western States tothe Pacific coast. The young ladies are accompanied by Miss Lura Barden, of St. Louis, Mivh., an elocutionist of conalderable prominence, and we predict for them a suceeseful and pleas. ant tip, and hope to see them here again some day. i Natural History, At the last regular meeting of the Natural History Society, Mr. L. G. Carpenter gave un account of the Java eruption, illustrating by charts the changes in the coastand bottom of the sea in iis vicinity. Krakatoa, a small island fiva miles long by three miles wide, was the seat of the disturbance. The eruption, which brought itinte prominence, took place on the 26 of last August, and was one of the greatest ever Known. Matter was ejected aufficlent to cover ihe sea for miles with a light pumice stone, and to fill the atmosphere of the world with dust sufficient to cauee the brilllant sunsets of last winter. Showers of ashes actually fell thousands of miles away. The eruption ended with a terrific explosion, splitting the island in two parts. Where land stood 2,500 feet high before the erop- tion, the sea now prevails, af a depth of 3,000 feet. A vast wave, renchingin some places o hight of a hundred feet, inundated the neighboring conets ord is known to have destroyed nearly 35,000 people. A very curious effect, which serves to indicate the intensity of the eruplion, was a great wave of air, shown by self registering barometers, to have receded in all directions from the cruption, ata rate of TOO milea per hour, and to have made three complote circuits of the earth before becoming unnoticible. Mr. Dart, in his article on the comparative anotomy of the cat and woodehuck, said the two onimals were about olike in size, the woodchuck, boing a rodent and burrowing animal, has, wetrength, much larger muscles. on ita bead; its brain is tench smaller than that of the cat. and le almost entirely desti- iute of convolutions, both of which indicate that the cat is an animal of higher intelligence; for the higher we go in the anl- mal kingdom the larger is the brain and the deeper its con- yolutions, compared with the size of the animal. Tho alimen- tary canal is much larger and more complex in the woodehuck. The cecum is larger, and in size and shape resembles the stomach. ‘The arteries are generally larger and differ some- what in their manner of branching; otherwise the anotomy of the two animals is yery similar, In Mr. Badeock’s article wo were told that the pollen grain usually conelets of a single cell, containing a semifluid granular matter, which is enclosed by two coats, the outer, thick and often curlously ornamented; the inner, & thin, transparent, and very clastic membrane. The grains of different flowers vary greatly in size, the diameter of the largest being about fifty times that of the smallest; thelr greatly varying shapes are also yory remarkable, After lighting on the stigma of a flower of ihe same gort as that which produced it, the grain slowly sends out a root, ov rather a tube, formed by the expansion of the elastic membrane, This tabe growa down the style into the ovary (in doing so, often traversing the distance of ceveral hundred times the diameter of the grain), and there deposits its contents which fertilize the ovale. Pictures of several different kinds of pollen were shown. Mr. Hodges, In bis articleon Tests for Cellulose, sald cel- lulose is the proximated principle of which the wood cella of plants are always compared and fs chemically Cs’ Hy. On Ttie found in all plants, but not confined to plant life. In early Iife the cell is made upalmost entirely of cellulose, which is easily de- tected, but later mineral and organic substances are added and religents have to be employed, the principal of which are jodine and eulphurie acid. Moderately strong acid acting for a limited time changes cellulose to amyloid, which resembles atarch andis colored blue by iodine. Strong sulphorie acid changes cellulose to dextrine, which by being diluted with water and boiled takes up a molecule of water (Cs Hia Os +H O =, Hyy Ov) and forms grape sugar. Iodine colors dextrine brown with more or less intensity, depending on the amount of free acid present, If. bolled, it changes to dextrose. Daxtrine dissolved in sulphuri¢ acid is thrown down as a white precipitate by absolute aleohel, In young celle the acid often has no effect until hydrochloric acid is added. Cellulose treated with an aqueous solution of alcohol or iodine gives a brown color on drying, which changes blue when water is added. These testa, thouzh reliable in the majority of cases, are not always absolute. Buds of Woody Planta, was Mr, Everhart’s subject. He enid, to study buds, one should have specimens of different ages and s'zes from which to make hia sections, In order to cet a correct idea of their structure at different stages of development. Sections should also be made from different parts to show the difference of arrangement in the individual bud. Care must be taken not to digarrange the parts in making the aection, Most bude contain a fluid substance, while some, a5 thoze of the chestnut, are very dry and brittle; from auch buds sections are made with difficulty. The sticky substance found on many buds, which ia gathered by bees, and known 48 propolis, or bee glue, often prevents the eutting of thin sections by causing them to adhere to the razor blade... Tho best time to study buds is just as they begin to develop in the spring. ss THE Editor of this Department desires the carnest eo.oporation of the slaumnlinaidiag hin to Wl these colnmns with interesting ibema. Give ocenpation since graduation, what oMfees heli, whether marricd or not, ote, Let this receive prompt attention from every alamo tial =. en are Ee L. &. Millepawch, "85, ig in Astoria, Oregon. J, H. Tibbits, 73, is teaching at Palo, Mich. Harry Danville's, '83, present address ila Newark, Dakota. W. 8. Delano, '81, was married Dee. 16, '83, lo Ada A. Craw- ford, of ume, . Ezra Carshall, once of ‘79, is married, and farming in Water- ford townahlp. li. GC. MeKee and Miss Jessie M. Laylin were married Jan. 16, "4, at Alaledon. A A, Crane, "75, is President of Gaylord village and counnby clerk of Otsego county, THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. 13 Ed. J. Rawson, 78, is in the grain business at Marcellus Mich., and is very busy. Tra B. Gage, “TO, is engaged in tilling his father's farm at Dowagias. Te is still onmarried. Albert Mather, "83, is goiag to Union City, Dakota, His busi- neces is not known by the Sprecuvioa. Chas. F. Lindsley, ‘73, is working his father's farm in Oak- Jand Co., and is also school inspector, Elmer Stowell, once of "T9, is a prosperoua farmer, and town- ahip treasurer in Waterford, Oakland county. 0, C. Howe, "84, is at home, but expects to be away in qune, rs he has been appointed Census Enumerator, Arthur dones anid Harvey Price, both of "Hl, have gone to Muskegon to establish themselves there as lawyers. Rt. GB. Barber 4 years wilh ‘82 is again able to be out. scarcely been able to leave his bed since he left College. Mr. Tauda, “#4, our Japances student, went to Chicago ately and spent oa day wlth the Ex-President of the dopanese enate. Cc. T. Gage, three years with 7%, has bought out his former sae a and now owns the drug store ot 49 Woodward Ave., Jelrolt. Geo. W. Brewer, class ‘74, is teaching school in Bonkerhill township, Ingham county; and a letter addressed to Leslie will roach him, Chas. F. Shilling, '78, is « druggist at Decatur, Il. He bought out his partner last March, and is doing well, and likes the bualness. E. D. Brooks, '76, spent the winter at Las Vegas, New Mexico, for the benefit of his wife's health. He practiced medicina last year at Wayne. Dwight Harriaon, ‘68, was married May 28, ‘84, to Milas Bertha Longwell, of Paw Pow. His future home is to be at Kalamazoo, Mich, Cc. W. Clark, #1, of Orion, aa well as conducting his father's lange farm, is secretary of the Grange, and a director in the Orion Park Associaton. Ranaom M, Brooks, '73, has moved to Ashley, a thriving town on the Owosso & Northwestern BR. B., and is engaged in hard- wood lumber business. A. FE. Smith, 81, completed his course in medicine at the Rush Medical College, Chicago, last winter, and ia now practic. ing at New Buffalo, Mich. E FP. Clark, "#3, is ot present travelling in Dakota; he likes the country very much, and will not return to Michigan but wiil settle either there orin Nebraska. J. H. Smith, °83, principal of the schools at New Buifalo last year, waa elected School Inspector this spring. He expects to spend the summer at home on the farm, W. 5, Hough, formerly of "83, will graduate at the Univeralty the coming commencement, He then expects to epend two or three years in the German Universittes. ‘Atwood MeCormack, once with 'T8, the centennial poet, spent ihe past winter attending a Husiness College in Detroit, He ows conalderable land in Northern Michigan. James Troop, ‘78, for three yenrs assistant io Dr, Beal, bas recently been appointed Instructor of Horticulture and En- tomology, at Purduc University, LaFayeite, Indiana, J. L. H. Knight, ‘81, was martled May 14, "84, to Mary McKee, a sister of FE. C. McKee of ‘81, Mr. Knight will go directly to Nebraska, where he has a fine farm of over 800 acres. He has ee es Secretary Garfield says that twelve graduates of the Mich- igan Agricultural Colleze are officers in the State Horticultural Society, and its branches, The wife of A. W. Boblke died a short time ago of heart dis- enao, in Bismark, Da. Albert was once with "63; hela now on the police foree at Bismark. T. A. Parker, '87, M. ¥. Clark, '86, W. Q. MeClintock (special), and W. D. Watkins, "85, do not return to College this term, We have, however, one new freshmen, bis name will not be found in this year's catalogue. W, Ts, Kirby and C, D. Phelps made the College o visit last spring. Kirby, once with ‘84, is still in the Bank of Nesb't and Miller, Schooleraft, Mich, Phelps, *81, is back at the University of Michigan, his health is much improved. Rev. Martin T, Ramer, the pious man of class "76, is located at Creetan Clty, Iowa, where (writes a graduate) his time is divided between entertaining his wife, converting the natives, and cultivating a small plece of ground for pastime. Alva Sherwood, "81, was principal of the schools at New Troy (hishome) last year, His success was so marked, that this spring he was offered a much largel school and better pay at Three Oakes, Mich., which place he has taken for one year. A. I. Seeley and J. P, Letts, formerly of "$1, graduated at the Detroit Medical College, in the spring, and ara practicling medicine, the one at North Branch, the other at Romeo. Dr. Besley was married the day of his graduation to Mies Anna Chariton of Orion. Goo, E. Breck, '7#, recently purchaged two acres of land in Paw Paw, and has planted on it thirty-nine varietles of our forest trees, all that he could find In that vicinity. He expects to spend a part of the summer in Connecticut, combining business with pleasure, A very excellent article on embellishment of school grounds, may be found in the last Michigan Horticultural Report, written by Prof. James Cassidy formerly superintendent of our green- houses, now Professor of Horticulture and Botany at the Colo- rade Agricultural College. Chas. MoGurdy, '81, returned to college last term but re- mained but a short time. He has gone back to hie seheol at Old Mission, A gentleman recently here from that region speaka in very high terms of MeCurdy's ability a8 a teacher, and of his execllent work outside his school, W. F. Hort, ‘83, is at Columbus, 0. He is assisting Prof. Halderman in his hospital work during vacation. He will also asatet the Professor in his class clinics next winter; this virtu- ally places Hoyt at the head of his class in that department. He will probably be here next commencement, Mre. C. W. Gartield, who imbibed a love of horticulture through early association with Profs. Prentisa, Tracy, and Baal at our College, makes on able assistant to her husband in his work for the state, not only this but she ta prosecuting a series of experiments of ber own in the culture of the rose. H. W. Collingwood, '83, besides attending to editorial. mat- ——— | tera. ig teaching aclassin elocution at the Agricultural and 8. §. Rockwell, for cight years Steward at our College, ls.now | permanently settled as a merchant at Vermontyille, in this state, the firm name being, Barber, Ambrose and Rockwell. During the last vear the degren of Master af Aclence has been riven ta dohn E. Taylor, ‘76; Pugeuc Davenport, “TS; Louis G. Carpenter, "T9; Chas. F. Davis, “80, and Frank A. Gully, "30. ft. Haizh, Jr., class 69, although following insurance mest of the time, occasionally puts in a week ab Landscape Gardening. This season he hae done good work of this character at Grand Rapids. : ht. A. Clark, of clasa "76, has purchased a very fine farm near Lansing, on which he is putting in praction, by proxy, the theo- ties learned at bis old alma mater, but sill] follows his ehosen profession. F. E. 8keels, class 75, is with Chas, W. Garfield, at Grand Rapids. Together they purpose developing a fruit farm, and | are planting quite largely this year of apples, puma, cherries, and small fruits. | his practice would involve less | now ot Springfield, Mo. | as his family, which Mechanical College of Micsiselppl. He is also manager of the Starkville base ball club, of which Richard Gulley, ‘78, ia Presi- dent. ‘They expect this club to scoop everything lt mects. J. W. Beaumont, '82, who is pursuing the study of law with Wood & Jolin, of Saginaw, spent several days with us last week, He wasin attendance at the Inter-Collegiate Bociety Association meeting, “Wes.” recelved a hearty welcome from the faculty and boys, as probably no graduate ever Jef; more friends behind him than did he, J. D. Carpenter, onee with ‘79, has recently had a leg ampu- iated, because of disease of the knee joint, a recurrence of the trouble which caused him to leave hiscouree here. He has been a physician in successful practice at Rolla, Mo., but on account of his limb was forced Lo change his location to a place where horse-back riding. His office is Arthur B. Peebles, class’78, is prosecuting missionary work ab Sa't Lake City, but while earnestly following his work as min- ister of the gospel, eo far remombers the training of his alma mater that he purposes putling out a peach orchard between Salt Lake City and Ogden, having already. made preperations for it. He is chairman of the General Fruit committee, in Utah, for the American Pomoltogieal Society. Harry Emmons, "T8, flour and feed merchant, Detroit, writes us that owing to the couetant increase of his business, us well at present numbers four, he finds it neces- aary to have more room; and consequently ia building a new 14 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. brick house, three stories high, and fitted up with all midlern conveniences. Tt is eltuated on Warren avenue west, corer af Crawford street, where all his college friends will find a hearty welcome, Geo, W Mitchell, "74, is living near Leatherwood, Ind., where he has a fine farm of 200 acres, but thinks of moving to Oregon to go lote fruit raising; he says Oregon is a5 good aa California for most frults, though grapes and peaches do not do as well, He lost by death in ‘77, one child, and in ‘62 his wife and o child, but has married again since. On May 30, he and his wife started on atripto Washington, D. U., to be gone for about ten days. COLLEGES. at a a ge — = Mg ae Be There is only one student in the agricultural department at Yale. Six billiard tables have boen placed in the gymnasium at Amherst. Fifteen of the firet thirty-two governors of Connecticut were Yale mén. Monmouth College is to hold Its commencement exercises on the Campus. Btevens Institute admite only the fifly passing the best entrants examinations. It is stated that nine-tentks of the college students in the United States are Republicans. . Judge Cooley has resigned the deanship of the law depart- ment at the Michigan University. Fifteen hundred dollars have been subseribed at Ambhorst for the support of the base ball nine. The Medical claga at the University of Michigan has seven- teen married men in its possession. Tho president of Yale consider that the student's weal for culture is improved by indulgence in athletic sports. The Class dress of the Seniors of Wabash college is the aallor suit, All will appear at commnacemont in class costumes. In order to meet graduation and other expenses, the senior class of Cornell has taxed its members thirteen dollara aplece, The classmates of Allen Arthur at Princeton, are angry at the favoritism shown him merely because he is the President's son. In the last ten years over $35,622,000 have been donated to colleges in this country, and since 1347 more than fifty million. A large portion of the Junior class at Dartmouth is threat- ened with suspension on account of dishonesty in the recent examinations, The largest cheervatory dome in the world is being made for the Univereity of Virginia. It measures forty-five feet ot the base and welgchs ten tons. Chauncey M. Depew told the Yale alumni, at their dinner in New York recently, that there are 3,000 colleza graduates in that city who could nit earn a livine. The London Spectator cays that Professor Sylyestor, late of Johns Hopkins University, but now of Oxford, ls, with possibly one oxceplion, the greatest mathematician alive, Tro hundred Princeton students look part in the late clty électlona, and elecled the Democratic candidate, as an act of retaliation for ines imposed upon them by the Repubiican Mayor, There are $1,000 masters and misirrsses teaching in the public achoola of France, and out of this number no fewer than 45,043 recelve salaries below B20. a rear, while 579 receive galarics above $520), One of the best Greek achelara in the country, during « recent lecture on the benefits of a classical education, said that there does not exist a graduate of an American college who can properly affix the accents to a page of printed Greek. At Dartmouth two new prizes have been offered; one of S40 for the beat essay on “Free Trade", and the othor of $5) for the best oné on ‘“Protection.” This seems to point to the fact that itis worth more to get up a good essay on the subject of “Protection than it ia on the subject of ‘Free Trade.” The Northwestern Collage students at Naperville, IIL, are having trouble with the faculty. The boys sdopled a uniform similar to that of the bicyclera, and the faculty refuse to allow them to be worn in the class.room, while the boys claimin does not belong to the business of the faculty to superintend thelr dregs. After much opposition on the part of both professors and students of the Cunadian universities, the Ontario Logislature has deeided that women shall be admited as students in the Toronto Provincial University, which is the leading seat of learning in Canada, and it ia looked upon as a certaloty that most of the universities In the other provinces will follow the example, The class of ‘Ti, of the Wniversity of New York, has recently made that Institution a present of over_two hundred and seventy-five photographs of sculpture, of Roman Archi- tecture, of modern architecture, of celebrated paintings, ete. Some are very striking and beautiful and will certainly help to cultivate a taste for the msthetic. —sOWsgOWOMAK CHANGES. Pe The Critic, a new paper published at the University of Ohio, comes to us. It is a new departure in the line of coll journalism, and what it ia can beat be learned from ita leading editorial, which reade as followa: There is certainly a cemand for a college newspapor. Itis therefore the proposition of the clase of '85 to publish a weekly newspaper, not in opposition to the Lantern, or any college organization, but for the benefit and improvement of all. We enter upon the enterprize with college spirit rather than c'ass spirit, We propose to publish a college organ, nok a mere partisan clase organ. ITtia not our object to antagonize the Lantern or Makio, but to aid and aseist each, Above all elec itis ihe desire of "45 to exclude all partizan feeling, and to make the Criti¢ impartial and fair In its dealings with every one, Our columns are open to all, and contributions from all quartera, on all topics, are eamestly solicited, We propose to put forth our beat efforts to make the enterprise a thorough success, and ask the aid of all publle spirited students. Andnow, ‘‘with malice toward none, aod charity for all’, the Crithe starts on jie career, and takea its place among the enterprises originated by the students of the 0.8. UT. Whether this venture will bea success or not is still to be proved, but it seems to us that, aa a newspaper, the college production cannot be o success. The collage paper has a particular office to perform, and. this office corresponds to that of the bewspaper only as itembraces mews of the (natitutton ai which it is published, and of other institu- tions of like nature. Apaper published by attendant studenta eannot enjoy the facilities for gathering general news that the average newspaper does; and furthermore, lt is not expected that it should. The college paper has ils particular sphere of actlon, and any attempt to leave that sphere is liable to re- sult in fallare We shall watch thea career of the Critie with intereat, and hope that it may be a success. The Ariel thus exhorts the Juniors of the University of Min- nesota: The close of the school year is drawing near, The Senior has finished his work for good or Ill. Ifthe has worked faithfully, he can look back upon his college life with salisfac- tion; If he has wasted his time in college, itis now too Inte to eomplain of or repair the loss. But it is well that we, of the lower clases, should consider our situation at auch a time as this. We have still some time left before the close of the term to make up for our past neglect und prepare ourselves for the final trial of the year, Although we should awake with awakening nature, and take o lively interest in the sporta of the field, let us remember our atudies and never forget the bad effect of conditions at the beginning of a new year. Besides there is a year or more of college life before us and now is the time to resolve to employ it properly, and not deny ourselves the pleasure and sotisfaction of saying atthe end of our couree, we have done our best, a a ta The various ¢ollezes are preparing for their annual com- mencment exercises, and the various college papers will soon be fall of extended accounts of that great event. Tho land will be filled with the sound of commencement oratory, and class historians will bring forth thelr praises and exazgeration of college life and the doings of the clase of "B4. The eolutn of communications oceuples a prominent position in the make-up of the Colleze Courier, and shows that the alumot take some interest in the running of that paper. The SPECULUM would gladly publish any communications if the alumni would be k nd enough to send any, as we think it is quite a necessary department of a college paper. The Academy News is a very creditable sheet, published at the Orehard Lake Military Academy. Itig anew venture and we gladly place It upon our exchange list, A recent number of the Notre Dame Scholastic contained a very extended and interesting lecture on Oliver Goldemlth. STUDENTS WILL FIND aT G. W. FRARY’S STORE 4. Large and Fine Stock of GENTS’ HATS AND CAPS lity TEES LATEST Sr 3TLees. LATLITIO THOMPson, JOB PRINTING, 168 Washington Avenue, Over Ek@tein's Grocery, LANSING, MICH. Manunl of the Apiary. 9,000 sold in six years, [00 sold in the last ten weeks, En- tirely revised. Fifty pages and fifty coatly ustrations added, Prica by Mall $1.25. Liberal Discount to Doalera and for Clubs. AL Tl, (OOK, Author and Publisher, LANSING, MICH, MoOoOFrF ETT, DEN Tis |) as Nitrous Oxide Gas or Vitalized Air given for the painless extraction of Teeth Southeast corner of Washington and Mich. Aves, Lansing, GUIDE, | W. RAPLHS, WHOLESALE AXD RETAIL DEALER If Jewelry, Watches, Clocks, Diamonds, Silver and Plated-Ware. = 119 WASHINGTON AVENUE, LANSING, MICH, REPAIRING WEATLY DONE. HUDSON HOUSE. M. HUDSON, Proprietor. LANSING, MICH. RATES, #2.00 PER DAY. J. FPRAZAHL, WORTH LANSING, BAKER AND CONPECTIONER. A Fut Lint or Canpies, CAKES, OYSTERS, ETC. er Eine CAKES A SPECIALTY. Qustermers wrill Amd it te their adwvan- tage to call and see me. IONIA CITY LAUNDRY. Collars and Cujfs a Speciatiy. GOOD WORK GAURANTEED, COREY & OLMSTEAD, LOLA, ' MIIGEZ. = SHEHEARER’S LAUNDRY thlces the lead on COLLARS AND CUFFS We ute no hardening in our starch, therefore we break no collars. TlRyT OVER Work z AND SATISFY YOURSELF, TWO BOOKS FROM POSTOFFICE, EAST, LANSING, MICII. STUDENTS:—It will Pay You to Call on W. G. PATTERSON fur Boots, Shoes, and Rubbers. REPAIRING NEATLY DONE. Washington Avenue, Lansing. TA Y OO] ONE-PRICE BOOT 4nd SHOE E Rr & CO.’S LOUSE, PECK. ESSELSTYN & CO. MANUFACTURERS OF AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN CRACKERS, CAKES, SWEET Goons, AND CANDIES OF ALL KINDS. LANSING, . - - MICHIGAN. = HEADQUARTERS FOR COLLEGE BOYS! GHo. T. DAVIS'S JOHN HERRMANN, Opposite Opera Block, MEROHANT TC ATLOR, paveny Confectionery, ad Restaurant Merchant GDailoar’s Gants IGE CREAM AND OYSTERS IN SEASON. IN MICHIGAN. Tmunches at all Hours. —— CIGARS AND TOBACCO, BEST FIT FOR THE LEAST MONEY. — BANQUET ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. Students, Come and See Me. 103 Washington Avenue, Lansing. ABER’S SHOE STORE "Takes no Backward Steps, but is ALWAYS AT THA FRONT. BOOTS: \s( SHOES! Excellent in Quality. f | Moderate in Price. Suen’ Itrets have the Prefrac, seas “——"""——>SH\_— Repairing Promptly Done. A. ABER. a | A. ABER. ==B. F. SIMONS,== 127 Washington Avenue, Dispnavs THE FINEST axon LARGEST STOCK or DRY GOODS AND CARPETS THAT IT HAS EVER BEEN OUR PLEASURE TO OPEN IN THE CITY, YOU WILL ALWAYS FIND GOODS JUST AS REPRESENTED, AND OUR PRICES AT THE BOTTOM, nw DAR TD. DieALER 1, HEAVY AND SHELF HARDWARE, GLASS, ETC, ALS TRE CELEBRATED GASOLINE STOVE, GOLDEN STAR AND GARLAND STOVES AND RANGES. ALSO AGENT Fork Fuller & Warren's, and Richardson, Boynton & Cos Furnaces. =_—s B. P. RICHMOND, TONSORIAL PARLORS, Ts. 1Oo6 Lftichizan vA .e., LANSING. JI HW & TL BE BY, | srvvenrs suns or excetzent work 1y Avy 17s BRANCHES, BY F:RST-CLASS ARTISTS. Mer cuh mest. 7h. BAT = Ria bT, +: etiote. TRAN EZ SoDBpEtre, ELI BIDELMAN, Proprietor. FINE CIGARS AND TOBACCO OCK AT ALL TIMES, _H, LARNED, | F/RST CLASS LIVERY. CROCKERY, CHINA, LAMPS, = STUDENTS PATRONAGE SOLICITED, 5 BiiSeRA ST IL oe. F LAITWSING, MICHIGAN. 124 Wasnineton AVENUE, LANSING, - - MICII, JIMMY MARKEY. D: Wo & Meal BUCK, THE LARGEST AND MOST EXTENSIVE PURNITURE DEALERS 0 CENTHAGL MICWIGA* Keep an Immense Stock and Sell the Cheapest, And Wou will Always Find What You Want AT PRICES TO SUIT YOU. UTNWDHRTAnRING «A SBSPHDcra LTyY. 193 and 195 Washington Avenue, Corver Tonia Sireet, Opposite Opera House, Lansing. SPRING AND SUMMER = a DEN S AND OTHERS WILL REMEMBER THAT LEDERER & SONS ank HEADQUARTERS ror FINE CLOTHING, AND ALL THE LATEST NOVELTIES IN Hats, Caps, and Gents’ Furnishing Goods, : LARGEST STOCK. MOST FASHIONABLE GOODS, : LOWEST PRICES. | This is our reputation, and we have maintained it for twenty years. H LEDERER & SONS, The Clothiers, WASTING TON AWENUE. Lansing, dune I, 188.4 # - HULL BROTHERS TRALERS IN Fancy and Staple Grocer ‘ies, Fresh and Smoked Meats, Canned and Farinaceous Goods, Colgate’s Toilet Soaps and Waters, Lubin’s Perfumes, Toilet Powders, Champagnes, Imported Cigars; MANUPFACTORERS OF FINEST CONFECTIONS IN THE WEST ELECT PakING POWDER, SELECT fLAVORING Fe XTRACTS, KETILE RENDERED LARD: Roasters and Grinders af the ee ol 8 _ FINEST COFFEES AND SPICES! (8 And Curers of Sugar-Cured Ham, Bacon, Dried Beef, Smoked Tongues, ete, None but Finest Goods kept, and all goods sold to the Consumer at less than Wholesale Prices. HULL BROTHERS, - - OQpera House Block, Detroit, Mich.