( VOL . IV.; NO. 1.-WHOLE NO. 13. ,,.,,". ~. I I 11 I 1l \\'. S. GEORGE & CO., 1.-'LUSTJ..:H.S & BllliDERS, L.\);'SING, ~IJCII. FAL~ AND -WINTER STUDE NTS A ND OTHERS WILL REl\IE:\IBER THA'r LEDERER & SONS ARE HEADQUARTERS FOR AND ALL THE LATEST NOVELTIES IN Hats, Caps, and Gents' Furnishing Goods. LARGEST STOCK, MOST FASHIONABLE GOODS, This is our reputation, ancl we have maintained it for twenty years. Lansing, August 1, 1884. H. LEDERER & SONS, The Cl~thiers, "WASHINGTON AVENUE. LOWEST PRICES. HULL BROTHERS, DEALERS IN Fresh and Smoked Meats, Canned and Farinaceous . Goods, Colgate's Toilet Soaps and Waters, Lubin's Perfumes, Toilet Powders, Champagnes, Imported Cigars; MANUFACTURERS OF FINEST CONFECTIONS IN THE WEST j3ELECT j3AKING fowDER, j3ELECT fLAVORING fXTRACTS, KET'rLE RENDERED LA.RD; Roasters and Grinders of the And Curers of Sugar-Cured Ham, Bacon, Dried Beef, Smoked Tongues, etc. None but Finest Goocls kept, ancl all goocls sold to the Consumer at less than Wholesale Prices. HULL BROTHERS, • Opera House Block, Detroit, Mich. .. 'T T HE COI_JLEG·E SPECULUM. VoL. IV.- o. 1. LANSI G, MICH., AUGUS'l' 1, 1884. WHOLE No. 13. A RetI"ospective View of Life. J03 11. COTTO~, 'Sfi. Our thoughts do wander back on passing life; Perchance om early years wo woulLl recall. We would not have that hour of mortal strife, When Death does knock, and knock, and seek to call; The haunting past, that Time doth call his own, ''fo would reclaim-each deed, each act, each thought; And feel tho Omnipresence round us thrown, Where'er we pause to list what He has taught. Oft do we think of cbildhoocl's early years, When all was joy, and innocence, and ease. No sky so blue or so serene appears As then; no leaves so green do clothe the trees Where we were wont to sheller from the sun . Those were the only days of pure delight, When we "·ern tanght to love and honor one Who bids the bird to seek its nesL at night, And calls man heavenward when life is done. Those happy hours of childhood gone; The games and songs that oft went 'round, The childish glee, the rambles at the early dawn, The gathering nuts that lay upon the ground, Cut down by autumn's early frosts, The noisy group that gamboled o'er the green, Who chased the hoop, or caught the ball up-tost All these are gone, all traces of each ecene. The days of youth do pass to sterner years; 'Tis then the child assumes the garb of man. No more the innocence of youth appears; But all is toil, and work, and scheme, and plan; No more be sleeps the hours of early morn: When streaks of reel o'ercast the eastern skies, He tnrns the furrow, reaps the golden corn, And thinks to fill his coffers ere he dies. Perchance he wanders into naturn's fields: Walks and talks with her for science's sake; Digs deep the bowels of the earth, reveals · Tho hidden things of whicli we all partake. He sees a slar plunge downward from its. throne, And gild its path with sweeping trails of light; All men do soundly sleep save he alone, Who dares to tread tho solemn walks of night. Or if fair nature has for him no charms Creates no thoughts of Goel, and all wh~ live; Perhaps the world cloth open wide her arms, Allures him on wilh honors she can give, When she doth trap him with her wily sna.res And bind, and felter, with those slavish bond~ Of crime, and vice, and sin, and worldly cares ' Till he cloth follow whcre'er she commands. Ere long the years do weight him clown; The trembling limbs, the totL'ring gait, His summer now is autumn brown. His toil is o'er, he can but wait, Heflect, repent, till comes the winter's frost. Those hands once strong lie feebly by bis side; That voice once stern has a:I its sternness lost· ' 'fhe Eunken cheek, the ghast y look beside, Mark plain the sure and snd decline of l.ifc. He knows that life will soon bo o'er· He s~es th~ children at their play; ' It brmgs him thoughts ol youth once more And giYes him joy aml pcJco each day. ' He totters on to chmcb each Sabbath morn And sees in every form the one thing, change. He praises Goel that he was eve r born, And Death has Jost his sting-no longer's strange. Oh, how he longs to be dismissed rrom earth: He is-his spirit's left tho earthly cr(1st, And sought th e homo where all is joy and mirth, While loving friends laid 'way the dust to dust. The world moves on-no stay, no sudden start. Time tells tho tale-the cords or life are snapped; Each friend who on that day from him did part, Now lies at rest, his man· le round him wrapped. 'l'he lllal'king System in Colleges. JAlllES A.. DART, DEL'l.'A. TAU DELTA FR.ATERNITY. It has ever been thought necessary to have with studies some incentive for n, student to learn his les~ sons . Prizes and honors have been given, and found as it would seem, to produce a good effect. From this idea originated the system of marking in class recitations; a system, which since its adoption, has been practiced with fair success. But is it truly. a success; has it obtained the best work from students? There may be some reason for marking school children, or some reason why the system should have been used many years ago,-theJ?. the age of attend ance was much lower than it is now,-but at the pres ent time and in our present colleges its use is falla cious. What is the object of a college education? Is it not to give reasoning ability; and to give confidence in this ability. From its very nature the marking system is a direct hindrance to this object . It gives as a reward to perform one's duty a mark, and that is all. A student soon studies, not with an aim for duty, but with the sole idea of obtaining a high mark; he thinks of a recitation as ideal onlywhen rewarded by a "ten." For the development of self-respect, and the capabil ity of self-education, this coercive system of marking has a retarding influence; differing in nowise from the plan practiced in compelling school children to study, its tendency is tolowerthe feeling of self-responsibility, it is a restraint that students will combat as offending their self-respect. It looks as if the faculty considered them too young for a correct judgment on the reasons for studying; in consequence they settle down to the belief that tesponsibility is a subject too great for their feeble and immature minds . Is not such a system derogatory in its character? Does it not teach that students are yet mere boys, incapable of any self. judgment? If a college education is to uncover the inert pow ers which lie hidden in youth, this mode is not the If education is a one most likely to be successful. preparation for the life work, then some method is needed that will teach responsibility, rather than a plan that will hinder this development. One has but to watch the recitations in a class room where-marking is practiced; in order 1ll'> discover its· unfitness; to see the labored attempts at making a good show, or hear the parrot-like reciting of one 2 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. who has studied for a ten. How well can the accom plished reciter, tell by the varied expression of an enthusiastic professor's face, whether his answer be right or wrong, and thus quickly change a negative to an affirmative answer. How well docs he frame replies to the repeated questions, and the unguarded statements of a too zealous instructor. It is often seen too, that a well -prepared lesson receives a low mark, simply because that fine art, reciting, has been neglected,or perhaps embarrassment may lrnYe clouded the mind just at the time when clear thinking i. most needed. It is thus tbe power of reciting, rather • than a knowledge of facts, that receives best re,~rnrd. A recitation is a struggle in which students, as it would seem, care little for the benefit deriverl; they study ihat they may recite, they "pony" and receive help, in fact do most anything to recite well. That the system is unfair, no one can doubt, but what is to be done? Can the practice of daily mark ing be dropµ0d? Yes, and with but few other changes. There would then be more seYere, though not essenti ally harder, examinations. These should be fair; but with length sufficient to give a fair test of knowleclgc. By this plan greater thoroughness is acquired, no dependence can be placed on the simple every-clay recitations; a thorough knowledge is necessary to pass the studies. But, it is asked, will there not be neglect of studies until tho near approach of exami nations? 'fhere would be no such disregard for studies; students have yet left some self-r spect, they are not such childr&n as to forget all sense of duty toward themselves. A study for knowledge 'rnuld replace this strife for high marks. It may be, how ever, that a few would neglect the daily studying, and resort to the "periodical cramming," but such would neglect this in any case, and to them it will make little difference what plan is practiced. Thus to drop the marking system would hurt no one; to keep it hurts all. Are so many colleges in the wrong? Or are there good reasons for marking? If there are reasons, lot tho system be kept; if not, which is most probable, then drop it, hayo in college no system likely to exert an o;-il influence on its stu dents. --·--·- - 'l'he 'l'endency to Extremes. C. II. HOYT, PHI DELTA 'l'IIETA FRATERNITY. One of the innate qualities of the human mind is the tendency to admire the beautiful in art or nature. When a person allows his thoughts to wander from the real to the ideal, tho image his mind's eye sees is one of perfect symmetry, and in which all the parts coordinate and harmonize to make a perfect whole. The mind or tho physique of the ideal man must be symmetrical. We may admire the man of crenius with some of his pgwers developed at th~ exp~nse of others; our curio. ity may be excited by an eccentric person or a natural monstrosity, but our ideal, if it be a normal one, tends toward symmetrical perfec tion. yet, is thi.s ideal eyer atta.ined? The land of Utopia exists only 111 the realm of ideality. Every person has some marked peculiarities either physical or mental that distinguish him fr~m all other persons. In one's make-up then there is a ten dency to extremes. In the course of development from the child to the man, at different periods, different ideas predominate in the ch~cl's mind, and these ideas, of course will be formed and modified by circumstances. 'fh~ youth may be seized with a mania for boating, hunting, µlaying ball, reading novels, or divers other pastimes; in each case the one idea will be the domimmt one, sometimes, unfortunately, to the exclusion of all others . The youth becomes a man and his mind changes, but the chances are he will be an ideal man only in some particular essential. A nation is made up of men, and if circumstances have influenced men alike, then that nation will be excessive in some one direction. But as the circumstances change the tendency will be to some other extreme, so we see there can no more be a perfect age or a perfect nation than an ideal man. Is it not the testimony of history that ages and nations have been un ymmetrical? Greece ancl Rome were once great powers, yet how plainly do we . ee this inevitable law in their history. Sparta developed a model soldier. Her predominant spirit "·as war, and ·war was her extreme. She produced a Leonidas, but her people 1>ere not an ideal people. Greece gaye the world models of sculpture, architect ure, and oratory, but she came far from being a model nation . Rome showed her dominant spirit in her -political perfection, but she lnclrnd the elements a 11ation needs to perpetuate itself. If one could soar way aboYe tho world, like Volney of France in bis imaginary flight with Genius, and while looking down on the eyer changincr panorama of human affairs, coula he be endowed with a colos sal mind that could comprehend the causes and effects of human institutions, would he not see the ten dency to extremes as plainly marked as a strong man watching a child at play sees the whims and fancies of the child's mind that cause it to go to extremes in its little world of action? History is replete with examples of this tendency, as we commonly express it, of "overdoing the matter." In the realm of literature we do not find an age or a nation prod ncing models in all its various depart ments. Por many years the old scholastic philoso phy occupied the miucl · of the educated until the mighty intellect of Bacon turned the current of edu In the cated thought to more prolific channels. Elizabethan period the drama rose preeminently above all other forms of literature, and a group of dramatic writers clustered around the mighty Shakes µeare. The tende1:icy of the ~imes :was intensely clra matic. Then, with changmg cU"cumstances, the novel became tho popular literature of the clay. This period gave birth to a group of. wr~ters, among :whic? were Richardson, Defoe, and Fielclmg. Then h1ston cal m·itings became the leading feature of another period, an~l the na~es of Hume, Robertso1~, and Gi1? bon signalized the literary gemus of the time. This was a period of deep thought and plain prose, from such pens as were wielded by J olm~on, Bur.k~, and Adam Smith . 'fhen arose the emot10nal pmt of a poetical age, and a Byron, a Gray, and a Wordsworth were produced among a group of lesser poo~s, and the poetical extreme was the tendency of the time. Literature furnishes only its share of examples proving this law of extremes. It is seen in every branch of human affairs. At present, especially among the Germans, tho scientific spirit predomi nates. 'Ihe mercantile spirit of America has been noticed by many visitors from foreign lands. Herbert Spencer justly says, that as a people the Americans have diverged too far from a savage state, and that while making a living they forget to live, or, as he terms it, living a "high pressure life." He advises for Americans a revised ideal of life. Other nations have other extremes, and it is this principle that cli tinguishes one person, one nation, or one period from another. THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. 3 In the liberal present \\e see less of this tendency than in the narrow past. As man increases his store of knowledge and becomes more and more familiar with the world as it was in the past, and as it is at present, he becomes more symmetrical. And man, nations, and periods are striving toward that acme of human perfection, the ideal, or as the poet puts it: "Yet I doubt not, through Urn a:503 u :: o increJsing pmposo runs, And tho Lhou'.l;hts of men nro wicloned whh the proc ~ss of lho suns." --- ·--~ I.ife at a Public Scl1ool in Englancl. W . 111. BADCOCK, 'l'AUNTON, ENGLAND, UNION LITERARY SOCIETY. The King's School at Sherborne is so called on account of its having been founded by Edward VI. The two hundred and eighty boys attending it are almost without exception tlle sons of church of Eng land clergymen, lawyers, and doctors . The class-rooms are all furnished with long desks, and benches, consisting of a single board. In recit ing the boys are arranged in order, and should one fail to answ~r a question his place is taken by any one below him who may succeed . At the end of each of the three terms about eight of the best scholars are promoted to the next "form." The school is divided into twelve of these forms; the lowest is the "lower first," the next the "upper first" and so on to the "upper sixth," whose members a{e regarded with some awe by the small boys, for, besides vari?us other distinc~ions, they have the power to pumsh them for breakmg rules. The masters are men who have obtained honors at Oxford or Uambridae. . Latin and Greek are the principal studies; writing, lnstory, geography, French, mathematics, music, free hand drawing, botany, chemistry, and swimmina are also com_pulsory. 'l'he lessons are mostly prepa1~cl in the evenmg, such of the lower part of the school as live l;?der the _head master, doing so in the ''.day room, order bemg kept by an upper fifth boy, who may punish by giving lin es to write, or by boxing the ears . The "upper school" have "studies " about eight feet by five, each occupied by two boys'. In summer the day begins with chapel exercises at s_even o'.clock, all late comers having to learn twenty lrnes of Shakespeare; then , recitations until eiaht o'clock; then breakfast of thick slices of butte~ecl bread, called "bread and scrape,'' a small piece of cold meat, and coffee; then lessons until one o'clock, excepting "break" for a quarter of an hour at eleven, when those fortunate enough to have a penny, visit the confectioner's basket. For dinner, two "help ing~" ?f meat and one of pudding are allowed, and unlimited beer or water. After dinner comes the pleasant time when, if no Latin lines or anytbino· else have to be written as a punishment, the boys g~ to play in the cricket field . This lasts until the study hour, four o'clock, unless the chy be one of the three weekly half-holidays, when play lasts until tea time at six o'clock. 'l'ea consists of "bread and scrape" and tea. From seven until half past eight o'clock are study hours, then chapel exercises, then supper of bread and cheese, and beer for those who wish it, after which the younger boys go to their bed rooms, each containing four beds for as many boys. 'ro draw a book from . the library, a list of several has to be handed in at a certain hour once a week, one of which is ready when called for at a certain time a day or two after. Boys high in the school will not associate inti mately with those low down, and the same classing by strength, such as exists amongst cattle, is practiced, no boy who can "lick" another will stand any "cheek" from him. In the winter there are no studies before breakfast, and only two half-holidays weekly. These are spent at football, which is replaced, in spring, by jumping, hurdle racing, and so forth, in preparation for the anmrnl field day. Another favorite game is paper chasing, in which three of the best runners start off across the country with large bags filled with scraps of paper, 'ivhich they scatter on the way to guide the "bounds," who start five minutes after the "f0xes," whom they hope to catch Lefore the run, of perhaps fifteen miles, is completed. After leaving the school, where they have perhaps be2n from the age of nine to eighteen, many go to Oxford or Cambridge, and nearly all expect to be church of England clergymen, lawyers, or doctors, or to go to "the colonies." '.l'Jie Use of Influence. ,\L!OE A. JOIINSON, '84, Of all the powers with which Goel has endowed man, there is, perhaps, none which so largely affects the welfare of others as influence. This almost imper ceptible force, often unconsciously exerted, yet cap able of changing the life of an immortal being, cer tainly should be. exercised with conscientious thought and care . How often a man is hea.rd eloquently exhorting his fellows to noble deeds with little effect ; because his life is not in accordance with his teaching. "I don't think much of them, they don't practice what they preach,'' is the just criticism passed on such persons, sneeringly, but too frequently, truthfully uttered of those, who by false words bring ill r epute on good and noble causes. Those who so earnestly strive to live ·so nobly that their influence shall be only good, are often injured by these hypocrites, who, by their insin cerity, prevent many from boldly declaring them selves in favor of the good. "I don't preach anything, so I need practice noth ing!" This thought, too, is often expressed, but how untruthful it is . Our deeds are the exposition of our belief even if no word is spoken. We may never say this is right, that is wrong; duties must be faithfully performed even if distasteful or shirked if the work is not agreeable. Let us not flatter ourselves that we have no influ ence . We cannot avoid making some impression, by our life and character, on others. No man occupies au indifferent position; his power is negative or positive, for good or for evil. If he is strong and independent, he will exert a wonderful influence over his poor, weak brothers . He may raise them to a higher plane of thought and action ; he may help the good to better things or force the fallen down. Our influence may be limited to a small circle but may be so great over some one that it shall change a life. 'l'he force of some man's life example may exert so powerful an influence over some child that he shall be fired with the impulse to be good, noble, great. Because of this thought he may grasp oppor tunities that, but for this inspiration, would be neg lected. The improvement of these opportunities may make him one that shall shake the world to its very center. Who shall say the man, though humble, lived in vain, whose influence produced such grand r esults? He did far more for humanity than the man 4 THE COLLEGE SPECU L UM . of greater µo-wer, in a higher position, but who lived carelessly ancl did naught for the advancement of others, and whose influence only serYecl to drag com panions clown. The influence of one lazy grumbler often counter faith acts that of many noble ones, who are alway ful to eYery duty. Know that the ha.bits formed now a.re the ones that last. If we are i11clinerl to neglect known duties, to grumble and find fault with proper restraints, to suspect tlrnt we are not receiYing all the attention we merit, our influence for good will be immeasmably lessened. We may do nothing crimina l, but will lead many into ways that shall cau. e sorrow, eyen -wrong to them and others. If, on the other hand we are willing to do all that is demanded, nay more, if faithful to all duties, if we giYe each his clue and haYe charity for all, we shall be able to exert a good influence through our noble, useful liY lf we see not the good results -we will falter not, regr t not; "Knowing this, that 11ever yet Share of truth wad vainly Sl't In the world 's wide fallow; J\ ftor hands shall sow the seed, After hands from bill :md mead Reap the harv sts yellow." ·. 'l1he Botanic Gar{l en. PROF. W. J. BEAL. time As is well known by those who haYe recently been at the Agriculturnl College, the botanic garden is situated on the ea. t side of the brook -which rnns between the greenhouse and the botanical labor atory. · A rustic foot bridge enables people to pass from one high bank to the other. Boulders large and small haYe been used along the banks for borders of paths, for steps or seats on the shady bank or near the water. Among the trees and plants, the litt.le rivulets and ponds, the banks an l bogs, paths wind irregularly about. At one this small garden contained not far from 700 species of flowering plants, a large portion bf which were our 'fhe garden is cliYicled into native perennial herbs . 41 wards, each of which contains plant · of one or 'l'here is a printed guide and more natural onlers . map to the garden, and this any one can get by calling on the prof ssor of botany. Part of the garden is rather low, and on such seasons as that of 1883 considerable ·eed ( llele11i111n), rattlesnake-root ( Nab1tlu1i), wild lettuce, when well iu separate masse , eacb pre. ent specific grown point of interest. Wild lettuce has smooth pinat ifid leaYes which hang down from the erect stem, It is a real beanty and worthy of often ten feet high. cultivation for certain place . Wild nna. has long pinnate leaves a.ncl racemes of yellow flowers . A THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. mass is five feet high, with a rounded top five or six feet in diameter, and cannot fail to awaken the admiration of every true florist . Spiked loosestrife and great willow-herb grow near each other by the large pond, both prodncing pink flowers, which are always covered with bees. If well grown they are both worthy of notice. Several of the wild asters and golden rods, when placed in damp soil in bunches a trifle isolatecl will astonish any one, both by the beauty of their flowers and their graceful outline. Some shrubs, like the basket willow, shining willow, and salix pentandra ( ?), the latter widely distributed by the Bural New Yorker, if cut back freely send forth a bunch of till:ifty shoots which will always please. The catalpa, basswood, alianthus, the ashes, walnuts, and hickories can be treated in a similar manner. We have a variety of white clover which bears purplish pink leaves ancl flowers . A mass of it is easy to grow and is always an ornament. Solar Disturbances ancl Electrical Phenomena. C. P . GILLETT. It has long been thought that some connection exists between solar disturbances and electrical phe 'l'o people in general the most nomena on the earth . common of the aurora is borealis . Occasionally we have years remarkable for the great number of beautiful auroral displays. 8uch a one was 1882. these manifestations A careful examination of the records of astro nomical observers since the im·ention of the telescope has revealed. the fact that the reoccuneri'ce of these years of maximum and minimum auroras are remark 'ably regular. Since 1608 the maxima have occurred at intervals of from 7 to 13.5 years, with an average periodicity of about 10 years. On further examin ing the records it was found that there were years of maximum and minimum numbers of sun spots occurring at intervals of from 10 to 11 years, and that there was a very remarkable coincidence of these years with th.at of maximum and minimum numbers of auroras. On studying Wolf's table giving the number of auroras and sun spots seen each year from 1650 to 1868 it was found that the years having the least numbers of auroras and sunspots more nearly coincide than the years having the greatest mimbers. Only twice out of the eleven reoccurrences of these minimi dicl they fail to come on the same year, while the maxima failed seven times. Of these seven }1ot coming the same year only two varied more than a year, and the greatest variation was three years. The tendency of these phenomena to accompany each other has led to the belief that they exist as cause and effect, though they have not always reoc It is yet cuned in anything like a definite ratio. to be determined whether or not these exceptions shall prove or dispro-rn the rnle. \Yolf's table we select the six years having the least num ber (5) of auroras we find their aggregate sun-spot number would be 143.4, and the six years having the greatest number of auroras have for their sun-spot number 618.8. The six years having the least sun spot number (15 .8) had eleven auroral displays, and the six years having the greatest sun-spot number 'fhese facts also tend to (798.4) had 446 auroras. corroborate the sun-spot theory. If from Some apparent exceptions to the rule are the fol lowing: The year 1778 had the greatest sun-spot num ber, 151.7, but had only 69 auroras, while years having little more than half that number of sun-spots had nearly as many auroras. The year 1780, for example, had for its sun-spot number 89.2, and its number of auroras 67. The years 1803 and 1816 were years of maximum sun-spots, but the number of auroras for the former is six and for the latter five. 'fhe number of auroras in 1803, however, was greater than they were for several years either preceding or succeeding that elate, and the year of maximum . auroras corresponding to 1816 came three years later. So we see these apparent exceptions to the rule may not be real. The data now at hand seem to prove quite conclusively that sun spots are a very fruitful cause of the aurora, but not the only cause. From the nature of the case they could not be the sole cause. It is the commonly accepted. theory of the best scientific scholars of to-clay that the imme diate cause of the aurora borealis is the silent dis charge of electricity between the atmosphere and the earth. Tbe former being charged with positive electricity and the latter with negatiYe, they would naturally tend to combine and neutralize each other. 'fhis tendency to combine would be greatest at the two poles of the great magnet, the earth, and would decrease to nothing at the equator, and here the aurora is never known. Then, admitting this theory of the immediate cause of the aurora to be true, there will be the strongest discharges of electricity, and consequently the brightest auroras, at times when the electric tension is greatest and the con ditions of the atmosphere for conduction are best. If the atmosphere possessed at all times uniform conductivity, there would probably be few if any of the auroras seen except at times of great disturb ances on the surface of the sun . If, on the other hand, the air was kept very dry near the poles for a long time, in which case it would be an excellent non-conductor, the two electricities would become so intense that when a moist current appeared, which would render the air a good conductor, there would undoubtedly be very beautiful displays of the aurora caused by the rapid discharge of electricity whether the sun showed a freckled face or not. The cases where the magnetic needle and electric machines have been disturbed in connection with solar disturbances is equally marked. Loomis htts registered the extent of sun spots for six days preceding and succeeding magnetic storms at Greenwich for 23 years, and finds a remarkable coincidence of the two phenomena. He concludes that the earth's electrical disturbances are accom panied by unusual disturbances of the sun's surface on the very day of the storm, and that a smaller disturbance precedes the greater storm by three or four clays. A remarkable case of simultaneous disturbance is that of September 1, 1859. On that day R 0 . Carrington, while observing the sun, saw a very sudden and violent outbreak of bright white light upon its surface, which lasted but five minutes ancl traveled during that time not less than 35,000 miles. At the same instant there was a moderate disturbance of the three magnetic elements at Kew in France lasting for about the same time, which was followed by a much more violent disturbance a few hours later. Our last year of maximum sun spots and electric disturbances was 1882. The almost unprecedented brilliancy and splendor of the atuoras and the great violence of the electric storms of that year are fresh 6 THE COLLEGE SPECULU~ . in the memory of all. The heayens at times were so brightly and suddenly illuminated that fire com panies turned out in some places thinking there must be a conflagration in the vicinity. 'rhe mag netic needle was rendered entirely unreliable and useless . Telegraph operators were unable to work their instruments, and if they attempted to do so tliey were liable to be knocked down by a severe shock. At some places the intensity of the electricity was suf ficient to set ±ire to the switch boards, melt the keys, and burn up the scr ews, and electric lamps were made to burn brightly without the use of a battery. Shall we say, then, that sun spots do or do not produce electric disturbances on the earth? Probably we are not warranted in making either unqualified statement, but it does seem safe to say there is an intimate connection between tliem . They may and probably do stand in the r elation of partial cause and effect, and they may both be the effects of a common unknown cause . But in either case the phenomena manifest to us would be modified by the electrical conditions of the earth and its atmosphere . Bacteria. Any investigation which throws light upon tlrn con tagious diseases which often bring sorrow to thous ands of homes as they hang the crape upon the door, or terrible loss of property, as thousand. of om domestic animals are swept off as by fire, can but awake deep and wide-spread interest. That many if not most of our worst diseases, like cholera, typhoid fe>er, scarlet feyer, etc ., owe their existance to the presence in the body of minute vege table organisms known under the general term of Bacteria and which develop and increase at the expense of the body, has long been suspected . Of late positive disco-rnries ha·rn settled this ques tion, and have already suggested r emedial action, that promises great and most valuable results . That we have only had a mere taste of the valuable prac facal fruits of these investigations, as compared with what is soon to be developed, is most certain. The Bacteria have been divided into four classes: (1) Micrococci (round bodies), (2) Bacteria (minute oval or rod shaped bodies), (3) Bacilli (larger rod shaped bodies), and Spirilla (spirally twisted rods) . Lister of England has shown that in case of ugly vicious sores, th e impediment in the way of rapid healing is to be found in the presence of some of these minute Bacteria. The Listerian treatment in surgery, which has been found so helpful, consists in spraying wounds with carbolic acid, during severe operations. Carbolic acid as is well known is a pow erful bacteriacide. Koch showed that the fatal charbon or anthrax which removed horses, sheep, and cattle in Europe by thou sands was due to a specific Bacillus. Pasteur found that by cultivating this Bacillus in artificial organic liquids, like beef broth, tlrn Bacilli became less harmful, and if used to inoculate healthy ani mals, would protect th em against attack from the more deadly anthrax. This masterly diswrery has already saved thon sands of dollars to Europe. Pas teur has farther shown that the same holds true in chicken cholera, which is also the r esult of attack from a species of Bacillus. · More r ecently Pasteur has shown tliat hydrophobia was to be explained in like way. He has also found a way to inoculate this malady by degrees so as to render it harmless. 80 positive is Pasteur tpa t he is correct that he is ready to operate upon himself. When we consider the deadly natnre of this awful disease, and its heretofore incurable nature, we can appreciate the value of this, another of Paeteur's invaluable discoveries . Foul brood, the most fatal and dreaded disease which attacks bees is also dne to the presence of a minute Bacillus, as was first shown by Sbonfelcl of Germany. This scientist found that he could easily inoculate healthy bees by sowing among their brood the germs of the Bacillus from a diseased colony. H err Hilbert, also a German, was the first to point out a method of cure. In this case salicylic acid was the fungicide. Its Yalue has been proved seyeral times in the nited States. It has been clefinit ly provecl that septicremia of the mouse, erysipela,s, tu berculosus, and glanders, are all the result of attack from these minute vegetable growths. By the germs have been. introduced into healthy animals, and the specific disease in each case induced . inoculation In case of septicremia of the house mouse, it is an interesting fact that while inoculation is speedily effective in case of healthy house mice, field mice are entirely exempt. 'rhis indicates that some differ ence in the condition of the blood exists, which ren ders the one susceptible while the other goes free. This also suggests the probability that some medica tion might so cbange the blood of other animals, and even man, as to r ender them exe mpt from bac terial diseases . Koch has recently proved that a specific Bacillus is always found in the intestin es of cholera patients . H e has also shown conclusively that this Bacillus causes tho cholera. This cholera Bacillus is not str aight like other species, but curved much like a comma . 'rlrnse nre easilv cultivated in ar tificial liquids and move with considerable rapidity. So far it has been imriossible to inoculate any of the lower animals with this Bacterium. Koch says the same is true of typhoid fever and leprosy, both of which he says are caused by Bacteria. 'rhe cholera Bacil lus develops rapidly on the linen soiled by evacua tion of cholera patients so long as the excreta are kept moist. It is found that drying for a short time or an acid liquid kills these Bacilli, neither can they pass through a healthy stomach without being killed. It is only then where persons ha,ve di ordered stom achs that they are attacked with cholera. It has long been ob. e!Ted that those persons suffering from indigestion are the ones attacked by cholera. These researches of Koch arc full of interest, for although as yet no practical r esults are seen, we are never so near a cure for an evil, as when we know the precise natme of the ill which it is desired to r emedy. --------·--- Natural Science in Vommon School . There is no question but that the most successful way to present natural history to young pupils is the oral method. The young are always ready to drink in information in full draughts if nature is presented; but to give a young pupil a book which may discourse upon some natural objects most eloquently i_s n~t like letting them see, feel, and handle the Yery thmg itself. He who would succeed be tin teacliing natural history must make himself familiar with the subject and then talk in a familiar manner of the things pre sented, always showing everything he talks about. This makes the study of natural history fascinating, and in the highest degree usefnl. We believe that books on natural history are out of place in the com mon school. THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. 7 Yet, as some are not willing to use the oral method, I tions we render our services, and submit the SPECULUM to your impartial or partial j uclgment, and to your n:nd even think they ca!-lnot, we are .~lacl to call atten- tion to some m.ost admirable books if books are to be favorable or adverse criticism . used . In physiology we know of no book comparable to "Martin's Human Body." It is accurate, concise, THERE IS perhaps no department of the eollege with and the subject matter is well chosen . It is the work the results of which the students are so generally dis of a practica~ physiologi:st anc~ a mast~r. "Wi1;1- chell's ~eological Excur::nons " is a helpful work 111 satisfied as with the rhetorical and literary work. Is presentmg the wonderful trnths of geology to the this because of an n~possibihty aclvant.age~usly to Its very simplicity, familiar style, and lucid young. explanations will make it the more valuable. Some may pursue at the same time the general scientific and cloubt the propriety of teaching geology to pupils in fair English courses offered at this college? Or is it the prill!-ary or common schools. I.t may be .suggested because the professors in charge of this department by the tnne the three R's and possibly physiology are well taught the pupil will be gone. But if geology is are ovei oac e "i wor Undoubtedly these courses require different tastes, to be taught, and oral instruction cannot be made aYailable, then we would suggest that this work of and are more or less difficult to conciliate. But there should be no such disproportion in the results derived Dr. "Winchell be selected as an aid. · from these as exists in our college . While scientific scholars generally may not be the best literary students, yet it is not necessary to go outside of our own college to find those who not only have reached a fair degree of success in both, but have attained no inconsiderable reputation. THE COLLJ£G~ SPECULUM. P u!Jllshcd Qunt"tcrly, 011 tho 1st of August, Octo!Jo .. , Aprll, nud Juur, .1 1 d ·k 9 0. r - - . .. "th ? · . . · . ' BY THE STUDENTS -OF - rr. E. 1•11o~u.~. Eclitor-rn-OhicL .. ....... Literal'y Articles, Eo regard ed us continued unless we arc notified to the conLrary. ::SO~-ED OF EDJ:TOES- NATUJl.\L IllSTll.HY SO C IETY, PHOF. ll. c. CARP E:"IT 1-:B, .... ---- --- - ---- ---- . . . --- · .... . . .. . •.. Scienrc. EC!.EC'l'Je SO C IETY. J<'. L. 011.\PPF:LL, ······· ····-- ·-· ··- -·-·····- ···· ···-· ---College ~ews. t;NJON J.JTlm .IRY SOCIETY . Il. M. D .\TE~ •. .. . ____ ------ ____ ···-· ___ ------ ---------- . ....... Personal~. Piii DELTA TllET .I i- RATERNITY. D. J. Sl;ft YKER, Secl'elnt"y, __ .. ---· ___ .... Exchanges nncl Colleges. R. W. IIE~ll'l11LL, JR, .. .... ... ....... ..... ·-·· ... _ Cusiness Manager. PnoF. !:'. JOllNSO:"I,. ... ·-·· ____ ····-· .. ____ ·-····. ·-· .. . --· __ _ Treasurer. LANSING, MICH., AUGUST 1, 1884. "WITH THIS number of THE SPECULUM the present board of editors enters upon its .duties." A little observation will doubtless render it unnecessary for us to say, that we are all entirely inexperienced in this business. Ho"·ever, the students have seen fit to thus entrust the management of their college paper, and "·hile we sincerely hope they will have no cause to regret their choice, time alone must prove the wisdom or folly of their judgment; bence it would be useless to make any promises of what is to be done. We did not come to coliege to edit papers, or to study the art and science of journalism, therefore the work pertaining to this paper must be secondary to college duties. You who have been for any length of time under the instrnction of our faculty, will at once recognize that the time to be taken from regular studies, is wholly inadequate to obtain the best results in conducting a college paper. With these considera- Surely no one will deny the desirability and the necessity of developing some literary ability. Ideas, without the power to intelligently express them, often lose much of their value. To become forcibly con - vinced of this, one needs but to take notes of the lectures deliYered by some of our scientific professors . The present junior class was deprived of much of the benefits that might otherwise have been derived from the course in physiology, had the lectures been written the common rules of rhetoric . Why, then, should we not be affordecl better litern,ry instruction? Every other department has more or less students earnest and enthusiastic in pursuing the studies of that branch, but there is absolutely no enthusiasm, and but very little interest manifested in the literary studies. Students work simply to get through with their required exercises. They take no pride in their work, but rather boast of their inefficiency and of the ease with which they are disposed of. They make the plea of lack of time and distaste for the studies, but the taste would come, and the time could be found, hacl they interest in the work. · Much of this perhaps could be explained by the fact that the other departments require of the students so much extra work. Nearly every professor becomes so oYerly enthusiastic in his work, that he imagiries his studies to be the only important ones in the course, ancl thinks that every student should give all his spare time, and _much that he cannot spare, to studies and investigations in his department. They thus succeed in robbing the literary professors of their share of the students' time and interest. Few col lege professors, however, would be willing to admit that they could be thus deprivecl of their rights. 'l'here certainly is no dearth of literary work laid out, but it is an undeniable fact that the students fail to derive from it the benefits that should be expected. A great pn,rt of the meagre criticism given is but little 8 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. better than a farce; that obtained in the literary societies in a large majority of cases is far J.?etter. Not mentioning the quantity, the quality of our liter ary exercises is a standing and sufficient proof of this assertion. Our public "orations " are the laughing stock of all who hear them. Many endeavor to do better work in this branch of the course, but soon become discouraged and either leave the college or seek special employment in the more congenial fields of science where they can obtain facilities, and can receive encouragement and instruc tion second to that afforded by few other institutions. Such a state of affairs should not exist. This branch of our school should have its share of enthu siastic students, and the success such might attain would have a stimulating influence on the literary work clone in the school, and would thns create a wholesome interest in literary culture. How can this fault be corrected? All who have taught school will recognize that the best way to in struct your pupils is to awaken an interest in the school, and the only way to accomplish that, is to have them see and know that they are learning some thing. When the students of this college shall see that they can obtain and are receiving proper benefit from their rhetorical exercises, interest and enthusiasm in the subject will increase in proportion . 'l1HERE HAS been an undesirable change in the matter of room rent. The rooms have. been arranged according to their desirable situations into five classes, and to obtain a first-class room a student has to pay seven dollars, and two students in one room imy ten dollars and fifty cents; second-class rooms, six dollars and fifty cents for one person, and nine dollars for two persons; the lower rooms are a little cheaper than before. There is manifested considerable dissatisfaction in this matter among the higher classmen. Heretofore seniors have had first choice, and juniors second choice, of rooms, and no one has "complained of any unfairness in this arrangement. Bnt, under the new departure, those of lower classes who by their neces sary but unfortunate rank have been kept in poor rooms, now that by the revolution of time, and by their own industry and perseverance have reached more advanced positions, are still obliged to remain in their old quarters unless their financial conditions be such as to allow them to maintain the increased expense of an "aristocratic room," and the probabilities are that they will not be thus situated bv the end of their second or third years. The way the matter stands now, a young sap-beaded freshman with bis pockets full of his father's money, and who is of that class who stay but a term or two, and genera.Hy do not deserve the best rooms, can by the mere power of his money obtain such rooms. It is argued as an advantage clue to the labor system that socially the students are kept on a nearer level than they otherwise would be; but this system of room rent certainly is not intended to assist in maintaining this level. Again, in order to have a room alone the occupar.t must pay an extra price. What is the use of this when so many rooms are vacant, and if expenses con tinue to increase, matters begin to look very much as though a great many more would be unoccupied. During the past two or three years the greater portion of these better rooms have been papered, painted, and fixed up in various ways, and thus made more desirable by the students themselves, and now they have to pay extra for these rooms.· No one who attended school here before the students were allowed to improve their rooms, will deny the beneficial influ ence it has had on the general conduct of the students, and upon the care of the rooms and the dormitories generally. That species of vandalism which exhibits itself in marking, marring, and in various ways defac. ing the walls and buildings, has almost if not entirely disappeared. Now, if it be intended by this increase of rent to improve the-rooms, it is not a politic move ment; students prefer to fix their own rooms accord ing tc their tastes and cii:cumstances. They will have more interest, and will take greater pride in the care of them than though the college bore the expense of improv8ment, and the rooms would thus be preserved in better condition. We can not, therefore, see the advantage to be gained by this method, and submit that it is not only unwise, but it is unfair to the upper classmen who by their long connection with the school, have superior claims to the better rooms . THERE IS justly felt a considerable pride in the (This has no reference "1VI. A. U." base ball team. to the game with the university team .) It has achieved a considerable degree of success for a ball nine at this college, which has never been noted for such attain Its success bas also resulted in awakening ments. some interest in other athletic sports, enough so to give birth to our first field clay, which was held on the grounds June 14th. Although it was a failure in point of visitors, except at the ball game, it was a gra.tify ing success in point of games. It is to be hoped that this interest may be kept up, and the field day become a permanent feature of the college. But this can hardly be expected, and the occasional interest manifested in such matters must continue to be more or less spasmodic so long as the present system of compulsory labor is in vogne; for students have neither the time nor the inclination after three hours labor daily, to engage in the neces sary systematic practice to attain that proficiency which will keep alive interest in the sports. UNLESS PAST experience be no criterion, we as students are soon to enter upon another of those periods which are such important features in college society; namely, a sort of petty warfare to obtain membership among the different literary societies, from the incoming class. THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. Although the rivalry in this matter almost always becomes quite fierce, yet it is not to be deplored in so far as it does not go to extr mes apd produce open quarrels and the destruction of friendships, for it is this competition that keeps alive our literary societies, and gives vigor to that life. It is through the influence of tbis, that the best work is clone in the societies to build up and maintain their reputations; and thus do the members derive the greatest benefits. The competition is good practical experience, and aids in de\eloping the ability to reacl character and contend with human nature. But in conducting such matters we should be careful not to allow our pa·ssions uncl prejudices to exercise undue control over our better judgments and rea.sons. Act the part of men; all strive honorably and to tbe best of their abilities for the good of their societies, as all not only have the right to do, but are in duty bound to do. If we adhere to these principles, no one will be hal·mecl, but all will be benefited by the strife. Tm; DlFFEREN'r departments are from time to time engaging men to work n,t extra jobs on the college premises, paying them from one dolla1· and twenty five cents to one dollar and seventy-five cents a day of ten hours. Mauy of the students have on Satur days requested work on these jobs at the same rate of pay as the men are receiving, but have been refused because the rules do not allow paying students more than eight cents an hour. Although there may be objections to allowing more than the usual rate for all kinds of extra work, yet we fail to comprehend why the student who is able and willing to work with these men should not receive equal pay. In fact it would seem no more than right that they should have the It should be first privilege to work on these jobs. considered a duty by the authorities to thus aid needy students who want to work, and who, proYiding they recei\e the same pay, will do just as good, if not better work than those Dutchmen are doing, who shirk worse than the students, as a whole, ever thought of doing. What difference does it make to the state whether this money be paid to the students, or to a lot of ignorant foreigners? Let us have "protection from foreign competition ." The college may thus asaist and encourage students who are trying to pay their own way, without any detriment to the institution. NEXT TERM, it is confidently expected, a new dass will enter college. Should former customs be revived n,nd continued, more or less hazing will follow. But the severe check received by such practices last fall, will effectually prevent any very violent demonstra tions in that direction in the near future . But to hope that the practice will disappear alto gether, is to hope that there will be a radical change in human nature before the beginning of next term . So long as such consummately verdant, ancl at the same time -pre-posterously wise, freshmen, enter the precincts of college life, as are usually seen here, so / long will the sophomore element of college society enjoy fun and prnctical jokes at the expense of such freshies . And it undoubtedly serves "to brace up" such fellows. Although the students signed no paper to that effect, there- has been more or less of a tacit agree ment among them, that all hazing should and must be discontinued. The class of '85 that did so much in tbat direction last fall will with the assistance of '86 continue the good work if necessary. And we have, therefore, no hesitancy in saying that the freshmen who conduct themselves properly J1eed have no foal's ofill-treatment. n,t the hands of upper class-men. 'rnE CLASS of '83, in its overflowing love and patriot ism for its Alma Mat.er, and more especially in its commendable desire to perpetuate its own name and supposed glory, donated to the college a ha.ndsome fou.ntain, which, of course, was expected to be kept in working condition. The fountain, however, has been running in a pro per manner but a few times this year. A member of" '83 returning to the scenes of his college clays, would hardly have a very enthusiastic regard for the man- · ner in which this beautiful addition to the ornaments Is it any one's fault? If of the lawns, is managed. so, can it be remedied? Since this article was written, it has been learned that water for the fountain has been plentifully sup plied, but that the students or some barbarians have stolen the nozzle, in consequence of which the foun tain cannot be worked. A new nozzle has been ordered. No one, however, has taken the pains to purloin the fungus growth ancl other disgusting foreign mat ter which has been allowed to collect in the basin of the fountain. A MATTER that is attracting the attention of all who are in any wise interested in our college, is, how can we increase the number of students? It is well known that a very large proportion of our students are drawn from the agricultural classes; and the many students who have taught district schools during the winter vacations, can testify to the large number of young men throughout the State, who much desire to attend the college, but who, unless they are so situated as to attend a good bigh school, are unable to fit themselves to enter college. Why, then, could not this matter, in a great degree, be remedied, by establishing here a short preparatory course in grammar, algebra, arithmetic, ancl geogra phy. The freshman class might thus be much better fitted to go on with the regular course than, in many cases, they now are. If necessary this could in part be conducted by the higher classmen. 'rl1is is, \VB think, the only college in the State which hn,s not some such a course. And therein, with the exception of the University, is explained why they have more students than are to be found here. 10 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. l THE department at Washington h;ts established a postoffice at this place, R G. Baird, P. 11'.I. Hereafter all mail destined for the college will be addressed Agricultural College, Ingham Co. 'fhe mail carrier will run a four-seated covered wagon, and will leave the college every day at 1 P . M. While this is some improvement over the old sys tem, it is not all that is desired. It gives a regular conveyance to and from the city, but brings us our mail only once a day. Should the carrying of pas sengers in time become sufficiently profitable to war rant two trips daily, we will then have two mails but the appropriations are not sufficient to obtain that at present. MR. WALTER F . LANDRETH was the editor-in-chief elected for this year, but unforseen circumstances prevented his remaining in college. Mr. Landreth is at present private secretary to President Wm. Whalen of the Whalen Consolidated Copper Mining Company, Chicago, Ill., and expects soon to start for the mining \Ve are all Yery sorry not to districts of N evacla. have "Landy" with us through the remainder of the course . We miss in him a good friend and jolly fellow, and the paper has lost one who would have made an excellent editor. The SPECuLu111 extends to him, its best wishes for his success and happiness . THE ATTENTION of students, and those connected with the college, is respectfully called to the advertise ments in the SPEcuLmr, with the request that they consider the purpose for which they were inserted. Prof. Carpenter is tho father of another plump boy. President Abbot rejoices in several now dictionaries. At present, there arc eighty head of cattle on the farm. 'fhirty sheepskins are now pre;iared at tho Secretary's office. Three graduates of om· college are officers at Perdue Uni- versity. The new house will be ready for Prof. Sat(orlieo the latter part of August. Prof. Cook's s:stor has bzen visiting him at tho college for some time. A good deal of tiling has been clo;10 on lho farm il1is term, about 500 rods in all. The next meeting of tho State lloartl of Agriculturo will be at Commencement time. President Abbot will spend the coming vacation with rela tives in New England. C. 13. Collingwood's leg was accidentally broken not long ago, while he was playing foot ball. Mrs. Ella Baird Knappcn and husbantl a1 e spending a few weeks with her father, Sec. Baird. Little Robbie Baird has been quite sick, whic!l deprived his father, the secretary, of his vacation. The basement windows of Wells hall nre to b:i guarded against stones by iron wiudow guards. Hay and grass arc a good crop on iho farm this year, in No. V and 3 yielcling over two tons to tho acre. Tho Freshmen held t'.10ir elas3 day at Pine Lako this yoar ou July 23th . 'fhey report a ''splendid" time. The desi~n of the flower bed southwest of the chemical labor atory is very appropriato,-'84 in a goose egg. On last Frida~· ernning, in the chemical laboraLory, Dr. and }frs. R. C. Kedzie gave a grand reception to tho students who had been under the Doctor's insLruction. Tho dry 'rnathor has materially injured tho crops on the farm. Tho oats are not filling well on that account. The drouth injured the fine appearance of our lawn somewhat but it is rapidly regaining its former beauty since tho rain. The nam , Toads, and Frogs. Tho Entomological Depa.rtmont is about to issue a bulletin which will contain description of some new insActs, and also new discoveries as to inso'.lticides. The family of the late Prof. W. K. Kedzie is on tho grounds, also the wife of tho late Prof. Robert F. Kedzie. They arc spending a few weeks with Dr. Kedzie. The ro:id from the main highway to Trowbridge sta.tion has 'l'he College is anxious boon laid out and paid for by the town. to soc it put through, as it will be a convenience to it. Prof. 0. IC. Adams, clean of tho school of political scien::o at the University, under the auspices of L . S. L . A., delivered an interesting discourse on Modern England, in tho chapel, Juno 20. l t is now completed. measures 68 feet from base to top. The iluo is 3,l-x3:\- feet. It is expected that there will not be so much sm'lko with this chimney. to the boiler house Tho chimney 'l'ho college ha.s two fire companies at present, each composed of ole\·en men ·with ihe water-works here, water has boon thrown 80 to 100 feet up. This would be to tho top of our highest building. The barn, for experimental purposo:o, that is to be erected on tho farm, will contain an office, feed room, and box stalls, fut· experimental feeding. Experiment_s in this. lino promi,;e groat practical results. The present year has been remarkable for insect depreda tions in the N. W. States. 'l'he special offenders arc bark and plant lice, as is shown by th~ number or inquiries sant to our Professor of Entomology. Dr. Beal recently received from t!10 Rnrnl New Yorker, fout· heads of wheat and rye, hybridized. No two heads arc alike. Three resembling wheat ar well filled, while tlie one resem- · bling rye has not a kernel iu it. Tho topographical survey of the college grounds has been continued this term, and now all grounds belonging to tho horticultural department have been surveyed. It will t:ikc another year to finish tho suncy of tho whole grounds. Prof. Satterlee reports that the seedling strawberry called, by its originatora, Lauer's 1fammoth Excelsior, has proved \·ery vigorous and productive the present season, and that the Cuth bert still t:i';es the lead among the red raspberries in the garden. Prof. Cook has sold his high bred Jersey cow to Judge 1\larston, for 200. It is rumored that Prof. R. C. Carpen~et· is about to buy a th'.lroughbrod Holstein. Did our Pro'.essors fail with tho:r fast horses that they have gone to dealing in ca.tile? · Dr. Beal is having some oases made for ihc botanic museum. In one set of cases polished woods of uifferen t kinds nro to uo exhibited. Ho mentioned that the wainscot of Capital grnngo was made of 70 different kinds of wood, and that horn is a good place to study them. TRE COLLEGE SPECULUM. 11 Dr. W. J. Beal, Prof. Louis Cnrpenter, and fr. C. M. Weed arc expecting to attend tho meet.ing of the British association fort.he advaucement of science which meets August 2Gt.h at Montreal, and also tho Am eriran association whi ch oonvPnes nt Philadelphia t!to following week. T. H. Roes, once with '85, aud h:s friend Afr. Forrester, a suc cessful farmer of Williamston, who would not leave tho farm for n. sn.lary of $10,000, and who says n. young man who throws corn ornr his left shoulder to tbe pigs won't make a successful farmer, visited the college a short time ago. l\Ir. R~es ha'3 been in Wost Point Military Aca:lemy two years. The moetin.~ of the executive committee of tho State Agricult ural Sociot.y, the oxeculirn committee of the State Horticult ural Society, and tho visiting committee or the State Grange wit.h tho Stn.t.o Bon.rd of Agriculture was held at tho College June llth Interesting speeches were made by C. G. Luco, Philo Pat sons. T. T. Lyon, 'Vm . Ball, and others. At lhc June meeting of tho State H orticultural Society, held n.t Bav City, Dr. Beal presented a paper on Science in 8Lraw bo1 ry. Culture. Prof. Uook bad a lecture on In jurious InsocLs. Prof. Satterlee lectured on Neatness in Gathering and Maiket ing. C. J\l . Weed had a paper on the Food of Young Birds, n.ncl Jame > 1'roop rend one on tho Now StrnwbCl'l'V Post. Tl :e ~-aero experimental plats of wheat. on tho fa.rm, although somewhat winter-killed, seem to indicate that tho Champion, Wysor, am! German Amber ·"·heals are tho best. Am ong other kinds sown were Rickenbrode, Beunet, Heiz ':> Prolifi , Zimmerman, and Arnold's Gold Medal. Several tlifferent kinds of potatoes arc being experimented with on the farm this year. The present system of boarding bas passed through five t erm> without. much truub!c, wh!ch indicates its success. The stewards elected for next term are as follows: Club "A," R. M Bates; "B," H. T. French; "C,'.' E. R. Luke; "D," J. E. Ham mond; "E," .J. R. In the different club3 it has been deemed best to board but two cooks that do the work. At the present. time the secretary of tho college has charge or the board fun (:s. ·cwton. The new gra\·cl pit, opened last fall ca.st of No. 7, has pro1·cd more extensiYc and satisfactory t.han was at first supposed. The drive from the north entrance to tho barns has been grav eled, 11s well as soft places in lho drives upon other parts ol the grounpitit. If it comes to the left, the owner wants n. piece or raw beef. If the tail is pel'fcclly erect and not r nlargcd, with the tip bending one way or the other, the cat is in good spirit and ha.s some strength left, but if the tail droops so 1 hat tho end drags on the ground, aud the tip turn to the .loft, the cat is starved, or has been beaten in a fight." "Thus," ho says, "I hn.vc found it comparntively easy to decide the meaning of the changes or position of feline cat tails, bnt wh th or I un derstand corrootly. the reason for the twist in the leaves of oat-tail flags, I am unable t tell." lllr. Hoyt exhibited a m agic camera of his own construction. It emtsisted of a tight box, with a tube the size of his lens com ing from one side; inside was a lamp and a reflector to throw ·light on a picture or an object placed twice the focal distance of th e lens awn.y from the lens. 'Ihe light was reflected from hero through tho lens onto a screen, showiDg the picture much enlarged. This was a product of th chemical club. It was thought by some of the Professors that they could make use of this in illustrating in the class-room. JULY MEETING. At the meeting held, Mr. Troop garn an account o[ some of the insects which are doing injury to the strawberry plants in many portions of tho country. One of those is the crown borer (Tyloclennafragaria), which has clone much damage in some sections, bnt so far as known, has not made its appearance in this tatc. Another of ·these posts is the Otiorhynchus ligneus, which was discovered by lllr. Troop du1 ing tho rast season working sad havoc in the o!dor strawberry beds of the college garden. This lit.tie l.tcctle is a near rolativc of tho crown borer, bo'h of which belon"' to the family curculionidro, and hrnco aro closely related to the plum c11rculio. It has never been known before lo do any damage to fruit, but this year has come in great num. bcrs. It docs its work while in the Jan·a state, by eating into the center of the plant, causing the death of the plant in a short time. The paper was illustrated by drawings of those insects, showing the ditrerent stages of their development. Dr. Grange, n.tthe meeting on July llt.h, presented the follow ing "Notes on Ergotism." During the spring of the prese nt year very startling reports came to us from the west of an outbreak of the foot anti mouth d isease, which created considerable excitement in cattle raising districts. Various th orics were indulged in as to the cause of tho disorder, at one time said to b..i the dreaded disease of the Old World, i111portecl by two Scotch emigrants who were s tid to hav0 brought it in their clothes. Tho ommi- . gra:its wer supposed· to hn.vc (Ome from infected cli~tricts . Again it was thought to be on.linary foot rot, caused by t.hc irri tating ITects peculiar to the soil in tho alllicted districts. The balance or testimony went to show that the disease was dry gangr~no, caused by consumption of orgotized grasses. Tho word ergot is derived from au old French word argot, 12 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. which means cookspur. Ergot is a parasitic disease of the rye and other grasses. It is common in wet seasons. This substance, although used in veterinary practice in the troatrnent of certain disorders, if consumed in considerable quantities often produces very disastrous enzoolics, differing, however, in their npparent symptoms. 1st, it attacks the nervous eystem principally, throwing the animal into convul sions, from which it may not recover. 2d, it acts upon the arterial system, causing decrease in the calibre of the small arteries and capillaries to such an extent that the supply of blood is cut off from the dependent parts, which being starved, shrivel up, die, and eventually drop off. The ears, tail, and lower portions of the extremities are the parts generally effected, no doubt from the fact that the current of the blood in these parts has not sufficient force to overcome the styptic action of the poison. The effect of this drug is not confined entirely to cattle, but experiments have shown that swine, fowl, and other animals may be affected in a similar way. Even man himself is not exempt from the influence of ergot, as there are numerous records of endemics occurring in France and Germany among the peasants who ate large quantities of rye bread made of diseased grain. Gangrene of the hands and feet were the com mon symptoms. The poison to be effectual requires to be consumed before it bas lost its vfrtue bv exposure to the air, which no doubt accounts for the great· diversity of opinion which exists as to the poisonous effects of the drng. l!'ielcl Day Contests. Welch threw l'tedman twice out of three times at sidehold wrestling. Hinebauch threw Sayer twice out of three times, at collar and elbow wrestling, and when he wrestled with Mathews, Mathews was under three times. At throwing heavy weights Hinebaueh was ahead, throwing a 35 lb. weight 14 feet. Run In the foot ning jump, Hinebauch leaped 19 feet 2 inches. race, 100 yards dash, Oe.borne came out best. Bartmess was best at high kick, kicking 7 feet 8 inches; ho also jumped farthest ou broad jump, jumping 12 feet 4 inches. There was a foot ball game · after this, the coJlege eleven against a pickecl eleven. Tug of '.Yar, '86 vs. '87, resulted in favor of '87. In the con. test the understanding was that one side should draw the last man of the other side over the line; but after '8G had drawn '87 several feet, and been drawn nearly back, time 'vas called, and then it was decided that if either side should draw tho other four feet over the line they wore to have tl:e contest; '87 took its place to pull, but '86 failed to respond and the contest was decided in favor of '87. Referee. The base ball game score was as follows: LANSING NTNE. - - - - - - -- --- - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- - - - - Vance ... --·······-·--······ ---------- p . 0 Welch . . ........ -----···-· .......••.. . 1 b. 0 Hinebauch. ·----- · - ·- ·----------- --·- 3 b. 1 c. 1 Sage .. -------------------------------- La\\Tson ________ _____________ - --- ··- ____ c. f . 3 Ross ... -- ----------- ····--·------····· s. s. 0 Ga111mon _ ------ ________ ______________ 2 b. 1 l\Iathews .. . . . ---- ................ ---· r . f. 0 l\l cCoUoclt.. ......... . ....•.. . ____ .... l. f. 0 --------------- - - - ~ - 6 Totals ____ ____ ____________ ,_______ 15 0 0 3 0 4 1 0 0 - 23 2 4 4 2 1 0 0 1 0 -- l4 1 l3 4 9 0 0 0 0 0 27 5 5 4 4 4 4 3 ·1 4 37 0 0 1 1 3 0 1 0 0 6 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 - - UNIVEJlSI'.l'Y NINI! . NAME. Pos. :..~ Jl. r. B. '.l'. 13 P.O. A. E. WalkcL . - . . -----· ........ -- - - ........ 3 ]). Weatherwax ...... . ·-· .............. 2 b. l\Icl\Iillan. ______ . ____ .. __ •. ---- ------- s. s. Condon ·------ ---------------- ------ 1. f Hibbard .. .... ---- -- .........•.. ------ l'· Prtyne ..... ·-------------------------- L". f , Palmer. · -·· -------------------------- 1 b. Ba ·t .. ··----- · ---------------- ------- - c. f. c. Smith ........ --------------·--------- ------ -------- - Totnls .... ____ ---------·-··- ..... . 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 - 44 4 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 3 13 - 5 3 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 l 3 0 1 0 l 0 1 2 - - - 11 4 l 1 0 2 0 l4 0 4 26 - 2 2 1 0 8 0 l 1 6 - 21 2 2 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 8 - Eamed Runs-University 2; College 1. First base on errors --U. 9; C. 6. First base on calll'd balls-U. 2; C. 1. Total called balls-U. 44; U. 83. Struck out-U. 9; C. 5. Total strikes-U. 36; C. 56. Left on bases-U. 4; C. 6. Two base hits-U. 2; C. 0. Double plays-U. 1; C. 1. Passed balls U. 1. Wild pitches-U. 1; C. 2. Flies caught-U. 2; c. 1. Fouls caught-U. 2; C. l . 'rime of game, two hours and fifteen minute.-. Welch out on being hit with bnttccl hall. The score of ball games played after field day, is as follows. Game at Ionia, played July 4th: College_. ___ ................ .4 Greenvi lle·---··-·-· .... . ... 3 P itchers-Kemp and Vance At Flint: r.u. 15 l 9 4 Umpire-Frank Greenville. n . 2G l:J 7 1 4 2 E. lG 21 n. 17 7 r.u. n 2 E. l5 14 College ............ 6 Flint ....... _ .... . . . 1 O 0 l 0 6 2 4 1 0 3 0 0 0 Pitchers-Vance and Cook. Umpirc-McColloch . 'l'nE Elli tor of this Dcpnl'tment desires the earnest co.operalion of the alnmni in n.itling him to fill these colnmns wiLb interesting items . Give occnpation since gracluntion, whnt omces held, whethel' mnrricek, Mich. H. H . Granger, once "·ith '85, is farming at Sherman, lllich. A. A. Crozier, of '79, is taking a special course at Ann Arbor. J. T. Root, once with '80, is a prosperous farm er at Plymouth. J. E. Coulter, of '82, is superintending a large farm in l\Jinn . L . H. Harrison, with '85, is in his father's store at P .. w Paw. Arthur C. Stebbins, with '80, is practicing medicine at Caro, .Mich. C. E. Kelley, once with '84, was married June 24th, at Berl:n, Mich. W . W. Palmer, of '81, is a successful farmer near Garrison, Iowa. John E. Simonson, of '74, is Prosecuting Attorney of Bay · W. T. Langley, of '82, is farming at Constantine, St. Joseph county. M.A. Jones and A. J. Ch:ippell, '82, are takinganormalcourso at Olivet. C. P. Cronk, of '79, is at the Signal Service Station at Capo Henry, Va. W . S. Hough, onco with '83, has gone to ELiropc to study philosophy. B. S. Palmer, of '81, is doing a flourishing business as dentist, at Paw Paw. Miss Alice W eccl, of '82 is to leach in the Lansing schools tho coming year. R. M . Brooks has removed from Wacousta to Ashley, and is still farming. Frank Storrs, once with '85, is now in a drug and nows o!Tice at Muskegon. Frank Carpenter, o[ '73, is doing a successful law business at Grand Rapids. \Vm. Thurm, once with Grand Rapids. '84, is still in the drng business at Geo. A. Royce, of '75, is a dealer in pine and mineral land at Baraga, l\1ich. G. M. Allen, once with '86, has settled clown to married life at Harvard, Ill, · W. D. Morse, once with '85, will teach the Middleville echool the coming year. H. A. Brown, witb, '86, is managing his mother's farm :it Breedsrille, 1ilich. C. B. Plummer, of '82, is in the lumber business with his father, at Harbor Springs. · NAME. Pos. n'7.~ n. T.13. T.13 P.O. A. E. county. . THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. 13 Jam es A. Porlcl' of '77, is a farmer, bee-keeper, and editor at Boulder, Colorado. C. F. Davis, of '80, is highly spoken of as Professor of Chem istry at Ft. Collins. M. W. Clark, once with '8G, is at.tending college at the Uni Yers ity of Vermont. "'· D. Bowse r, once with '8G, is now bec-kcepi11g at Wood land, Barry county. G. C. Nevins, of '73, is principal or schools of Duncnn, a suburb of Cheboygan. Chas . D. Prich rel, with '87 one term, is now attending co! li~ge at Valparaiso, Incl. J ed die Smith, of '83, ha3 acce pted a position as assistant engi neer for the city of Niles . F. S . Sleeper, deceased, of '68, willed his colleclion of plants and beetles to tbe college. E. J. Rauchfuss , of '79, is selling agricultural implements for Bement & Sons, or Lansing. P. H. Felker, of '71, is editJi· or the St. Louis GrJ COL', a monthly publiehecl at that place. Sherm. Upton, '81, has tired of chalk-talk and goes to Dakota to engage in business with a friend. Will Bristol, once with '83 , is now , tudyi·1g law in the office of W. R. Hindiick, nt East Saginaw. James L. Uorrke, or '73, is county treasure r of Emmet county, and is a v,•1 y efficient officer. Dr. J. Gron er, ef 74, is making his mark in his profession and gclting a fine pract!ce at Big Rapids. Crrus Crandall, ot '80, is nominee for county clerk, Le11'lwee coui1ty, Fancy Cyrus on the stump. Robert B. Barbour, three y•mrs with '82, is improving in heulth, and lately v'.sitcd the college.. A. \ \'. Troupe, of '81, bas settled as lVI. D. at Springport, Jackson county. Is Troupe marr;ed? S. D. Fello ·.1·s, once with '78, is now tim ekcepm· on th e l\Jich igan Air Line of the Grand Trunk R. R . And slowly they :ire gathered in. Dwight A. H >1 nison, of 'GS, who wns recently married at Paw Paw. Bo~·d Skelto:1, who 1rns two years with '7.J, is a suc . cssfu l farmer and miner at Greeley, Colorado . D . F. Gr:sw0ld, of '75, mad e a large quanlity of maple sugar last spring-, from trees set by his father . T. F. i\lil s;-augh, of '81, .is in the clrng business at Walden, N . Y., but hop<'S sometime to be a farmer. J. M. Hollingsworth, of '8 2, manages a fruit farm and Yegc table garden at Sheridan, 1\1 on tcalm county. Prof. Cleveland Abbe, who was once ins tructor in mathemat ics at this collegt1, is also in the Signal Service. L. H. Bailey, of '82, ass istant to Dl'. Gray at HarYard Uni versity, is "1so taking special stud:cs in botany. Arthur Jones and H . A. Price, of '81, have entered into part nership with Clink, an o:cl attorney of Muskegoll . C. B. Fisk Dangs, '76, lias at last returned to his first lorn, and is now engaged in bee -keeping a t North Lansing. Wm. Lightbody, one term with '87, has been kept from col leg e by sore eye". He int en d :;; to r etu rn next year. S ;\I. ll l illar.J, of 'G i, is one of Lhe trnsteca of the Illino:s focln st rial University, an:.l a successful lawyer at Chicago. Frank: llaco u,. who was nt the college as a special in '78, is 1~o w a farmer anti ccunty examiner or J:arry connty. F. F . Ro.-5crs a1 :d Eugenu Law. of '83, are meeting with C'xr nl lent s uccess as s ur rnyors at Marlette, Sanilac county. .l:'rof. W. W. Remington, of '80, at Ft. Collins, with his fMiily, goes to 'the mountains for a month or ""·o of recreation. F. R. Osborn, two years with '85, grndualed this ~·ea r at tho Slate Normal. Here's wis hing his return to the 111. A. C. .J. K. Gailey, of '74, lrns an extensive medical practice in DL·troit, besides 1Jei11°· superintendent of Harper H •is pit'.LI. 0. Clute, of 'G2, is givi11g instruction in apicultut·c th e J'L\ \S ent season . He is :.!lso president of the Iowa association. C. W. Garfield, of '70, is one of tho commissioners to lo ok to 111 i(;higan 's intc1·est at the coming exposition at New Orlean s . A. G. Gulley, or 'GS, is 1a'sing seeds for D. M. Ferry, at SouLh Ha1·en, on a contrac t. He says he wants to vote for Butler. Freel Drown, with '7G, is sur\'eying and looking land '.o r the Detroit & Mackinaw R. R., with hi s headquarters nt St. Ign ticc . th e Grn.nd Tnwerse region. He says he inte nd; becoming a cultivated tramp . W. S. Hold s worth is sketching from nature in B. Haigb, of 'G9, is working for the Michigan i\'h:tual Life Iosurance Co. He calls it missionary work, as it is about as tlnnkl ss. R. T. McNaughton, of '78, continues in tho real e.;;tate busi- 11 ss at Jackson. Heals carries on a 1·egelable and fruit farm at that place. Herbert Bamber, of '81, is at bis old home at Highlanrl, Oak land county, for a vacation. He is in the employ of tho U . S. I .akc s urvey. l >. S. Lincoln, of '81, has married the nicest girl in the country, a11cl is successfu lly practicing his chosen profession, horti c ult ure, at Big Rapids. Arthur Low ell, of '74, is in Coop ~ rville. He is 11ot yet mar. riecl , but th e man he boards wi th is very anxi fall. Chas McKenny , of '8 1, spent his first year out of college loaf ing. Since then he has been teaching in the grammar depart ment of the Charlotte schools. He has the honor of being the only gentluman in J\llichig.in woi·king with a lad~· su p2t'intcnd cnt. J. P. Finley of '73, has been promoted to Lieutenant in th•J U. S. Signal Service. H e has cbarJ'e o t the B11rua11 rnhiling to tornadoes. Ninety-ft ve (95) per cent of his pl'eclictions on ibis subject pro~-e nn elt of Ann Arbor, in 1873. His family is now complete wilh two children, a boy and a girl. 14 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM . Prof. Charles F. Davis of Ft. Collins, has been making analy sis of "Irrigating Water," to determine the amount of fertiliza tion the land r eceives through the season by r eason of irriga tion Also analyzing Colorado grown coms compared with those grown in th o cast. He is also making a series of soil temperat ure observations to see and study the effect of irriga gation on temperature, and how long s uch effect lasts, thi s work bein g peculi:ir to Colorado. Prof. C. L Ing-ersoll, of '74, has closed a very successful year as President, of Colorado Agricultural College. In two years he has built up lhe school from 17 stude nts to 77, and put the school, largely through his efforts, on a firm fi nancial basis. The school t,bis year seemed about !l.1,000 acres of Jan el which is now being located, and having a coutinuous support of ono-fifth mill tax on tho Stato valu aLion. This gives the school such sup po rt that it is not fo rced to bog once in two y ears for its Hro sustenanco. Prof. Ingerrnll was also unanimously r eelccled treasurer of the board of oducation for lwo years . The collego seut out its first graduatin g cl ass of lhroc, all native Coloradoans. Frank P . Davis, of '68, graduated wilh t,he civil engineering class of th fl 1\Jichiga n Unirnr8ity in '76. H e was then appoint,ed as m1ginccr 011 Public Work s . under Col. Casey, at Washing ton, D. C. He 1 esigneLI that position to accept th at of r esident e ng ineer on tho Denver & Rio Grando R . R . In 188:.! he accepted tl:e posit!on of lo ~ ating eng ineer on the Cn.nadian Pacific R. R., which p osition he rctn.ined till work was giveu up in 1 84. He th en took position as chief eugineer of the Jack son & Cincinnati R. R., with headquarters at Jackson, Mich. That railro ,1d not being pushod to completion he recently accepted a position us city engineer of se wers fo r the cit.y of Wn.shing ton, D. C. It is said that Lho ff ajority of .;luden ts attendi ng King College are from a distance. Professor Huxl <'y says that "nothi ng should be called litera t uro which docs not contain the expression of so me noble tr11it in lan.;:un.go that, touches the hen.rt,s of all men." Durino- the ckss exercises, of '84, at Franklin and l'llarshnl colleges, while the prophecy was being r ead, each member of lh e class fill eLI n. clay pipe wi h tobacco and smo ked until the prophecy was conelnd cd . The pipes were then broken. The c~a , ses of '84 in tho sc,·eral colleges in Michign.n number as follows: Uuiversit,y 2Gl, or whi ch 102 wer e from the literary de partment. State Normal 95. Hillsdale 22. Albion 22 , clc,·en being from lh e literary department. Adrian 9. State Agricult ural College 30. The scnh>r c:lass at Allegheny college requested that somo nuted orator be engaged to speak nt "commencement," in sten.Ll of having the us ual cxerc:ses The fac•Jlty did not grant tho request, but by way of n. comprornis•~. wo supposo, lhey cut t,ho the time fo r commencement orations clown to five minutes. The societies of the Ohio Stato University held their com menc ement privately, ancl a large number of the slucle nts went, home im modiatc~l y after their exam inations. l.lut, lit! le interest was taken in co mn1 cncemont, owing lo the dissn.li fact!on among the students rogn.rding ccrtn.in actions of tho prc3idcnt and faculty. Cornell ha s n.nolbcr mummr. Tho body is thRL of a certain P e upi who lived 800 B . C. H is tho g ift or Mr. Pomeroy, United States Counsel in Egypt. The Fortnight,ly Index says: "We arc sonv to learn that the a>-tutc sophomoros of Cornell mistook this mysterious Egyptian for a froshmnn, and arc now wenring bits of hi s garments as trophic3 of their ver y r e pre hensible attempt n.t haz ino-." The Persian language is now taught at Corneil. '.rho new lelcscopc for Al bion college will cost 5,000. Oberlin bn.s received fifty thousn.nd dollars to found a school of music. · Vermont school teachers arc prohibited by law from the use of tobacco. Th e first medical sc hool in tho Christin.n wo rld was founded at Salerno, in 11 50 . 'l'hc Ohio St:ito University held its commencement exer cbes, of this year, in a grove. Professor J ohn Trowbridge of Han·ard, has w ritten a book entitled "The New Physics." '.rhe total attondanco at Oberlin college is 1,474, of which more than one-half are lad ies. The editors of the "Dartmouth" of Dartmouth college were indefin itely suspended by the faculty. H arva1d students hasc a swim ming tank in their gymnasium . ·while we Jong for bath-rooms in our dormitories. The Univer.oity of Nebraska held its oommcnecmcnt exercises in tho representative H all or lhe State House. Tho Freshman class of Cornell has r cpresentatircs from Ger many, Spain, Ru ssin., Australia, Canada, and Central America. '.rho High School of Philadelphia oonfors the degrees of A. B. and A. 1\1., withou t requ iring the study of Greek or of the Com mentaries in L ali n. At a mock conv.enlion hole! at, Oberlin, tho st,ud ent,s netted ono h1111dr,•d and s ixly-fio;c dollars. The money will be used to fit up socie ty rooms. A number of tho leading collcgoa n.rc fo rming student's cooperative societ,ies, for th e purpose of obtaining students' sup plies at r educed rates. Prcsiucnt Thompson of Rose Institute, sn.ys that ''n.11 altcmpts lo organ ize indusuial work in co1wection with n.cademies and colle . .;es have failed." A number of chango,; has been macle in the cu rriculum n.t Ha n ·n.rd, and at Yale, so as to gh·c more freedom to the un ler graduates in the choice of studies. The seniors nt B:ackburn University bavo erected n. fin e monu ment on the college grounds. Tho names of the members of the class were placed on the stone . Th e Soutl.iwcstcrn Univorsity of Texas, l>oasls of a lady student, who during t,h e three years' n.t,tenclancc at college, has been absent from classes but one day . We arc indebted to Mr. Voight, o[ '81, for a copy of the "Col lege Review." The paper is published at the University of SouLhe rn Cn.lifornin.. This Univorsit,y graclnated its lirst clflss thisycnr. The "Aurora" from Iowa Agricultural College, is on our laL'.c for tho first t ime. Emry m ember of the faculLy of Amhe rst college is n grnd un.lc of l hat institution .-Ex. During this summer a crowd o[ n·nc PrinceLon p:ofcrnors will mako a raid on Europ c.-Ex. During the last eleven years Yale has grnclun.led !JJG ft oc traders , n.nd only 34 protectionists .-Ex. The richest Univcrsit,y in the world is thn.t of L eyden, Holland. Its real cstato alone is worth four million dolln.rs.-Ex. Our lalo exchan•Yes have been unusually interesting. Most of th em arc commencemen t nu mbers, containing commencement orations, and many other able literary articles. Several of our oxehan ges come to us 'vith a hurrah fur illainc. The "College Speculum" is not a political organ, but we wi 'l say that the majority of its editors nro Cleveland men. The "Lantern," one of our bost cxchn.nges, repor ts a stormy year at th e University of Ohio. The pi:esident is severely criti cized in regard to bis mclhod of tc,aching, n.nd is accusecl of unfaimess in his examinations. Nearly all of our exchanges arc· monthlies, nnd we sec no r easo n why our paper sho uld not also be made a mtnthly . If necessary those upon whom most of the work falls, should bo excused from a pn.rt of the class rhcloricals in unle r that proper atlonLion may be girnn to our college paper. We' clip th e following from an interesting article in tile Ober lin R eview, on " Weste rn College Oratory:" "In lhe first place west,01 n ers choose themes diffcr·ng from lho.:;e which we usually 'fh cy In general, ourweslcrn brethren arc widc-awak<'. select. sen.rch for so me th in g new or in tensely prn.ctical. We traverse tho samo- olu valleys and gorges Lhat ou r forofathers h ave traversed before us. Clearly the procluclions wi ll be different We plan, and argue, and combat, and nrrh·e at conclusions that .A..'VIS'S Bakory= confoctionory, anu Restaurant. Lunches at all :a:ours. ANTI-MONOPOLY GROO£R, ICE CREAM AND OYSTERS IN SEASON. .AGENT , CIG ~"-HS AN JJ TOBACCO. BANQUET ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO. 103 Washingto n Avenue, L :Yn~ ing. L .... ~ UNT T.EtOJ:Y.:I:PSOJN". JOE PR INT ING . Over Ekstein·s Groce ry, LANSING, MICH. - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - BEE-KEEPERS' GUIDE, 111 Mich igan Avenue, LAN SIN<;;. , MICIIIGA.N. THE MICHIGAN PIP.E CO., )l,\?t lvcs, IlydrnnLs, Crosses, T ees, B,.ncb, etc., used in tho construc Lion of Watl'r Work Q, constantly in stock and furnished at ma.nufacturcr s· prices. All our manufactures guarnntood to be TRY' OU~ ~OBX · AND SATI8FY YOURSELF. r Tll"O IJOOHS l.'l{()Jl l'O l'!Jt.'HCE, EAST, J.ANSING, lJICll . as represcutecl. S~ND F OR CATALOGUE. & CO 'S ()NJ~-PRICE BOC)T 1\.Nl) 81-IOE I-IOUS.E, I 2.-:'> 'Va:shiu~tou Avenue, I~A.NSING, Mich . I STUDENTS :-It will Pay You to Call i -W-. D. SAB IN , on W. G. PATrrERSON for Boots, Shoes, and Rubbers. JOllllEll AND llETH l, ER OF HARDWARE I ~IAXl:F . ICTll l U-:ll 0~' RE PAI RING NEArl' LY DONE. '1 in, Sheet-Iron, and Copper Work. vVashingtou A venue, Lansing·. I_-ANelNG . • MICI-I.IGAN . 1 0 5 JITASH£KGT O N AVENUE , JOHN HERRMANN , Opposite Opera Block,, FIRST GLASS LIVERY. M E R,OHANT 1"'A ILOR, KEEl'S Tllll LAllGES 'l' AND BEST STOC K OF -~J:~t1~·unt ~~u~~~~ ~~~~~ I STUDENTS' PATRON AG Fi SOLlC!TEO. IN MICHIGAN. BEST FIT FOR THE LEAST MO NEY . Students, Come a n.cl See Me. JIMMY MA H K I~Y . ALWAYS AT THE FR·ONT · W'ITH GOOD BOOTS ~~ Al ways · at the Bot LARGE ST STOCK IN THE Repairing Promptly Done. SHOES! tom with our Prices. CITY TO SELECT FROM I Students have Preference . .AT .ABE:R 7 S ! F. SIMONS, 104 Washington. Avenue~ DISPLAYS THE FINEST AND LARGES'l' STOCK OF DRY GOODS . AND ·cARPETS THAT HAS EVEH BEEN OPENED IN THE CITY. YOU \\'IJ.,L ALWAYS F'I~D GOODS AS REPR.ESENTEO, A.'.SD OUR rRICti:S AT THE BOTTOM. DEALER IN HEAVY .AND SHELF HARDWARE, GLASS, ETC., ALSO THE CELEBRATED GASOLINE STOVE, GOLDEN STAR~ AND GARLAND STOVES AND RANGES. Fuller & Warren's, and Richardson, Boynton & Co's Furnaces. ALSO A.GENT FOR B. P. JRJICJEIJMJ:((])N]J), JEWELER I ~ONIOBIAL PABLIRI~ No. 106 JM::Cich.iga.:n .. ~.:ve., LANSING. STUDENTS SURE OF EXCELLENT WORK IN ALL ITS BRANCHES, BY FIRST-CLASS ARTISTS. J>a:OET C"t:T'EEEJ)'l". } ~J>a:. :SATEJ>F:A I.ER IN WUOLES.ILE AND ltE'l'A IL STATIONERY BOOKSELLER AND STATIONER. Blank Books, Periodicals, Wallets, Pocket, Rook s, Albums, Bibles, .Prayer Books, Law Blanks, Seaside Lib1-.1ry Ior S111nrner Reading, Ink, l'ens, Frames, Visiliug CMds, School Books, etc. Cori·cspondence ~olicit;ed. SubscripLions taken (o r miy i\lagnzin e or Pnper published in the ·world. TWO ODORS NORTH OF POSTOFFICE, SCJIOOL BOOKS FURNISJIED FOR FntS'l' INTRODUC'l'ION. Libt-aries J}'1n•n.ished at Loioest Rfltes. L ANSING, MIC:JIIGAN. 16 Michigan Avenue, - LANSING, MICH.