VOL.  IV;  NO.  3.-WHOLE  NO . 

W .  8.  (,J·.Uld• I'.  o.:..., 

• ,  . 

,  . 

.._  "0  l'Hl~'fEl!S  ... ~  Jll~OEHS,  LX~SI:\G,  ~I IUIL 

·1 

BROAS,  the  One-Price  Clothier,  Undersells  them  all  on  Clothing, 

Hats,  raps,  and  Gents'  Furnishing  Goods. 

JOE:N""SO J::\f  &  FOLE-Y, 

:n,E TA l:  I .E  "i.~S  0  I!' 

FINE  J)Q~.JESTlC 1\ND  I~lPOilTEI)  Gl\OCERIES. 

OLD LAVD  JFFIJ ~, 

LANSI NG,  MI CH . 

~~ 

PHOTOGRAPHERS. 

Special  Rates  Given  to  Students . 

-YO"CT 

.A:R.E  IN""VITED  TO  CA.LL. 

OVER . LANSING  NATIONAL  BANK. 

U.  H.  FORE S T E  H , 

WllOl,ES Al.E  .l:IU  ll ET.\lf, 

°"VE  O F FBH  A.  L l::."oi'E  OF 

AMERICAN  WATGf/£8 

in  Gold  ar: d  Silver  cases  fr om  th e  b est  man 

u facturers . 

,A lso 

Books,  Stationary,  Toys,  aml  Fancy  Go~us. 

AN  ELEGANT  ASSORl MENT 

-OF-

CORNER  STORE,  OPERA  BLOCK, 

L AJSfSIJSrG-, 

JY-r: IC :a::_ 

JBWBlry  and  SilvBrwarB. 

'\Ve compe~e in p rices with  a n y of t h e  l arg~ r cities. 

F H ANK.  "'\VE L ~ ... ~ . 

W ESLEY  EMERY, 

. 

J>l~ ,\l.ER  I ~ 

Wll Ol.E~ .1 1. 1': 

.\ :SU  IU:T.llL 

STA·TIONERY  BOOKS-ELL ER  AND  STATIONER. 

Blank  Book',  Pcrioclica's, 

\\' allctR,  Pock<'t, 

flooks,  A lh11ms. 

Bil.des,  l'ra.1·pr  Hook:;,  Law  13lanlrn. 
for  R1nnn1er  Ucn.dinµ- ,  In kl 

ti<•a<ide  Li~>L'<ll ,. 
J:t.,1  a11H 1S, 

l)l,.115, 

Yisi: ing  Ct.LI  l1s,  ~c.·bool  Tiot.k-.;,  ult:. 

Subst'ripLions  t;;l;"n  f.ir  ;.n~·  ~ T11gm1ine  or  I>nper  p11blii:-bod 

in 

Lhc  Wol'lcl. 

TWD  D:HJRS  NOR TH  OF  POSTGFFICF, 

:\'I  I C  l l  I  G  .~ S

. 

16  Michigan  A v2nue. 

L A N S I NG,  MICH. 

THE  COLLEG·E  SPECULUM. 

VoL.  IV.-No.  3. 

AGRIU  LTURAL  UOLLEGE,  MICH.,  APRIL  1,  1885. 

WHOLE  No.  15. 

EDVV"IN  "WILLITS. 

Hon. Edwin  Willits,  our  new  president,  was born 
at  Otto,  Uattaragus  county,  N.  Y.,  April  24,  1830, 
and hence enters upon the  duties  of  his new  position 
in  his  fifty-sixth  year.  Although  not born in Michi 
gan,  he  has  become  thoroughly  identified  with  her 
interests,  having removed to the state with his parents 
in 1836.  He has grown up  with  the State,  has  been 
actively engaged and interested  in  her  development, 
and has become one of  her leading and most respected 
citizens. 

He received his primary  education  in  the common 
schools  of  Washtenaw county,  and entered the  State 
University,  graduating from the Literary Department 
with the class of  '55,  and he has since won  the degree 
of  M.  A.  from the same  institution.  After  finishing 
his  course  at the University, Mr. Willits  entered upon 
the study of  law  in  the  office  of  Ex-Senator  Uhris 
tiancy  at  Monroe,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
1857.  H e has been very successful in his  practice  of 
the law,  and  has  reached  a  position  of  prominence 
among the  lawyers  of  southeastern  Michigan.  Not 
withstanding his success in this direction  he  has been 

attracted from  his  chosen  profession  by  his  adapt 
ability to  school labors  and  his  fondness  for  educa 
tional pursuits.  From the time of his graduation, he 
has been more or less interested in educational affairs, 
either as an instrnctor or as  an officer in some depart 
ment in the  school system of  Michigan.  As a teacher 
he won marked success in the schools  of  Adrian, and 
he was  afterwards actively interested in the  business 
affairs  of  the  Monroe  schools.  He  was  for  twelve 
years, from  1861  to  1873, a member of  the State Board 
of Education,  and  was  one  of  its  leading  members. 
In 1882 he was made  principal  of  the  State  Normal 
School at Ypsilanti,  which position  he  has filled  with 
gratifying success ;  the officers as well as the students 
of  that  institution  very  much  regret  the  necessity 
which  calls l\1r.  Willits to  his new field  of  labor.  He 
is  thus not a  man unskilled in educational affairs, but 
enjoys  a  wide  and  varied  experience,  extending 
through a  long number of  years, and is moreover inti 
mately  and  practically  acquainted  with  the  school 
system,  and with the  educational  institutions  of  our 
State. 

/ 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

He has  al so  occupied  political  positions  of  promi 
nence,  and bas been  for  many years  n,  leading  mem 
ber  of  the Republican  party  in  the  State.  H e  was 
prosecuting attorney of  Monroe  county  from  1860  to 
1862,  and was postmaster of  the city of  l\lonroe from 
1863 to  1866. 
l\lr.  Willits was  also  a  member  of  the 
Uonstitutioual  Uommission,  which  was  selected  in 
1873 to revise the State constitution.  He was  elected 
to the 45th,  46th,  and 47th Uongresses from the second 
district,  comprising the counties  of  Monroe,  Washte 
naw,  Lenawee,  and Hillsdale.  His  having  received 
large majorities over one  of  the most  popular  men of 
the Democratic party in that  district,  and  in  a  dis 
trict which is  now  Democratic,  speaks  well  for  Mr. 
Willits' popularity  at  home.  Mr.  Willits  is  one  of 
the  most able and cultmed men who have represented 
the state of Michigan in the United  States  Uongress. 
His name was  prominently before the  State  Legisla 
ture in connection with the United States senatorship 
at the last senatorial election,  and be  has  also  been 
mentioned as  a  probable  candidate  for  that  position 
in  the  event  of  Senator  Uonger's  resignation.  He 
seems,  however,  to  have  withdrawn  from  the  arena 
of  active  politics,  for  the  probable  reason  that  his 
tastes  and ambition do  not attract him in tllat  direc 
tion;  and,  furthermore,  he is  undoubtedly too  consci 
entious  and high-minded a  man to  stoop to  the polit 
ical chicanery and wire-pulling  necessary  to  sustain 
himself in a -prominent position before the Republican 
party. 

Aside  from  his  htw  practice be  has the advantage of 
a  -practical  business,  of  several years as editor of  the 
Monroe  Uommercial.  He,  therefore,  brings  to  his 
new  -position  business as  well  as -politi<!al  and  ecluca 
tionn,l  experience. 

Mr.  Willits  is  expected to  enter  upon  the  duties  of 
his  office  soon after the close  of  the academic year at 
the State Normal  Scllool.  The students  of  the Agn 
cultural Uollege  anxiously await  his  arrival,  and pre 
possessed in his farnr,  will  warmly  welcome  him  to 
his new position: 
----·---
'llhe  Student  in  Society. 

BY  E.  S.  ANl'lSDALE,  PHI  DELTA  THETA  FlUTERNI1'Y. 

Some things in  the  home life  and  society  life  incli 
cate a  one-sided development of  many of the best edu 
cated men.  We  rarely find  a  symmetrical man.  This 
lack  of  symmetry  is  often  traceable to  the habits  of 
these men when students.  Some faculties  must ha Ye 
been  culti'rnted  at  the  expense  of  others.  By  close 
application  to  literary work  some injured themseh-es 
pbysically.  Some  cultivated  society  a,t  the  expense 
of  both mental  culture  and  physical  health;  others 
divided their time between  mental labor and physical 
exercise,  and neglected social cultnre until after com 
pleting the college  course. 

From this neglect of society two classes are formeu : 
tliose "Who  feeling their  need  haYe  cleriYed  a  meagre 
knowledge  of  social customs, and those ''"ho,  fully  ab 
sorbed in other affairs  have  always neglected and still 
'fhe result of the 
neglect social privileges ancl duties. 
first  is  stiffness  and blundering;  of  the last disregard 
for  others,  carelessness in personal appearances,  and 
insensibility  to  social  amenities. 
In  these  classes 
are to  be  found  many of  the greatest and best men of 
the age,  and it is unfortunate that they  are  deficient 
in  any of  the every-day courtesies and conYentionali 
ties of life;  in little matters which the  cultivated  see 
at  a  glance.  We  wonder  that  men  possessing  o 
mucb  wisdom  and  so  many  noble  qualities  should 

tolernte these failings  in  tbemselves with such appar 
In  their  college  days  these  men 
ent  indifference. 
n eglected  almost all  socia,l  privileges,  and  they  show 
how  almost impossible it is  to  acquire  good  manners 
and a  taste for  society  and its forms  and enjoyments 
after arriving at the age  of  maturity. 

If then  " 'fhe  boy is  father to  the  man,''  we,  while 
yet  students should  not  only  develop  those  qualities 
which shall characterize us as  men,  but  secure  that 
social culture which will make us at ease among other 
men.  By mingling in  society to  a  certain extent  the 
student loses  no  time.  He cannot study unceasingly, 
and he is at his best for  study only  when  in  a  cheer 
ful  mood.  How then can he better throw  off  the bur 
den  of  student life  and  fit  himself  for  more  efficient 
effort than by  mingling in cheerful society. 
'fhe stu 
dent who has acquired the power  of  application  nec 
essary to  a  higb  rank  of  scholarship  lrns  but  little 
trouble in withdrawing his  thoughts  from  the  social 
world and concentrating them again upon his studies. 
ot  only  should he from  the start avoid those habits 
which  would  debar him  from  the  best  society,  and 
abstain from  any practice which if known would make 
his  company  undesirable;  but  he  should  develop 
those  faculties  and  talents  in  his  possession  which 
will recommend  him  to  the  best  men  and  the  best 
In order to  be  at ease in the presence of  the 
homes. 
learned one  must be familiar  witb the productions  of 
the best authors  and the  current  events  of  the  clay. 
He must know  a few books, including the Bible, and be 
able to  converse  a,bout  them  intelligently.  It is  pos 
sible for  but few  to  tell  a  story in  a  pleasing manner, 
therefore  this 
yet  nothing  is  more  entertaining; 
power should be  cult:i.l;atecl,  that incidents learned by 
traveling,  reading,  or  in  college  life,  may  be  related 
in  an  entertaining  way. 
Skill  in  popula,r  parlor 
gam.es,  which simply  please and in  which there is  no 
harm, is  not to be  discarded until it is  supplanted  by 
something  better.  Reading  clubs  and  choral  socie 
ties are interesting and  elevating. 
'fhe  student  who 
cultivates  a  taste for  these  will,  after  completing  his 
college  course,  be  better  fitted  for  an  active  part  in 
the social affairs  of  the community in  which  he lives. 
He will not remain  stationary  nor retrograde, but he 
will be  constantly aclrnncing his own attainments and 
leading his fellowmen higher.  "Music hath charms." 
Not  a  few  in prominent positions owe  their  elevation 
to the knowledge of  music,  throngh  which  they  were 
brought to the notice and into the society of  people  of 
influence. 

'l'he  student in  society should he  the same as  ont of 
society.  "Be  what  you  are. 
'fhis  is  the  first  step 
toward becoming  better  than  you  are."  He  cannot 
'l'o  secure the best rep 
afford  to  be  underestimated. 
utation he must  be  pure  in  life.  Tobacco  and  pro 
fanity,  and  intoxicants  and  debauchery,  are  sooner 
or later detected.  Nothing is  truer  than  that  "Evil 
communications  corrupt  good  manners ."  A  person 
of principle,  with  a  sound ilea.rt  and  a  broad  educa 
tion,  graceful  and  at  ease  in  society,  go  where  he 
may,  manifests Lis  superiority.  Eas e in society  can 
be  acquired  only by  mingling in society,  and  "good 
manners  are only  the  out-croppings  of  a  noble  and 
generous  nature."  "'fhe  mind  grows  like  what  it 
feeds  upon."  If a  student therefore is in  the  society 
of  the noble  and good  he  will  be  constantly  inspired 
to  nobler liYing until it is his very  nature. 

Let us  then mingle in  society  as  we  ha.Ye  opportu 
nity,  and  cultivate  that  trne  and  noble  character 
which is  grand  ancl  beautiful  in  itself.  May  we  in 
all  our  social  intercourse  use  tbat discretion which 
will  enable us to  rise from  life  as  we  should rise  from 
a,  banqnet,  "neither thirsty nor  clpmken." 

THE  COLLEGE  SPE  ULUY. 

Students  and  Faculty. 

W.  I.  POWER,  DELTA  TAU  DELTA  FRATERKlTY. 

It  is  not  an  uncommon  tliing  to  notice  in  the 
papers published by  various  colleges accounts of  diffi 
culties  between  the  students  and  faculty . 
'rhese 
difficulties are not of  a  frequent  occurrence,  nor  are 
they generally of  a very serious nature .  They usually 
arise  as  we  believe,  from  a  non-conformity  to  the 
rules on the part of  the  students.  Yet  the  students, 
unable to  see  the matter as the faculty do, often think 
they are not receiving justice,  and in order to  obtain 
their so-called rights are willing to oppose the faculty, 
ancl in some instances quit college . 

\Vhile  it may sometimes  be  the  case  that  students 
do  not receive  justice at the hands of  the facult.y,  we 
believe that it is generally conceded  by  the  people  at 
large, that the  students  and  not  the  faculty  are  in 
fault .  Now  it seems in a  majority of  cases this  view 
is a  correct one,  although the students  are  unwilling 
to  admit it.  We  must  remember  that  the  students 
and faculty  occupy  different  positions,  and  so  Yiew 
matters  from  <t  different  standpoint;  so  that what 
may seem right to  the  one  may  seem  wrong  to  the 
other.  The faculty we  know  have in Yiew  the present 
and future  welfare of  the  institution,  while  tlie  stu 
dents are considering only their o"·n present personal 
interests.  This may not in  all cases  seem  sufficient 
cause  for  the  difficulties  often  arising  between  stu 
dents and facultv . 

Perhaps a  moi:e  probaule cause lies in the fact that 
the students as a  general thing are  young  autl  inex 
perienced;  consequently they are apt to  judge hastily 
or  come to wrong conclusions, and in many instances 
are unwilling to acknowledge themselves in the wrong, 
even  when  convinced that such is  the case,  while  the 
faculty are older  and  more  experienced  and  so  are 
less  liable  to  make  hasty  or  wrong  conclusions . 
Besides,  does  not  a  student  when  he  enters college 
bind himself to  obey  tlie  rules  and regulations of  the 
institution?  He may not sign  a  written  agreement, 
or make any promises  concerning the matter,  but  he 
understands that there are certain rules  and  regula 
tions to  which  he  will  be  required  to  conform,  and 
that unless he does  conform to them, it is the right of 
the faculty to take any action which will compel  him 
to  do  so.  This,  no  doubt,  is  just where  a  great  deal 
of  the trouble lies, for  many students as well as many 
others refuse to  ue  compelled to  do  as desired.  They 
may not object  particularly  to  doing  as  the  faculty 
wish,  provided it does  not appear that the faculty are 
compelling them to  do  so.  But we  ask,  why  should 
it not appear so? 
Is it not the  right  as  well  as  the 
duty of  the faculty  to  insure good order at  all times? 
Although they  may  in  some  instances  exercise  tliis 
right to  a  greater  extent  than  appears  beneficial  to 
all  concerned,  yet so long as they must exercise  this 
right,  can it be  expected that they will  al ways  go just 
far enough to reach the desired  encl  and  no  further? 
What is  the verdict on this subject by men  who  ha>e 
taken a  college course?  We  venture  to  say  that  in 
nine cases out of  ten it will  be  tbat  the  faculty  were 
in the right and the students in the wrong;  although 
at the time they were  unwilling  to  acknowledge  that 
such was  the case.  But in their mature years,  when 
they come  to  consider  the. matter  in  all  its  phases, 
and from  a  practical point of view,  it does  not appear 
in the same liglit as when they were young, hot-headed 
students.  Now we do not wish to be understood to say 
that the faculty  are always  in the right  ancl  the  stu 
dents  in the wrong,  for  such we  do  not believe always 
to  be  the case,  for  as no one man so  no  body  of  men 

is  infallible;  but in tlie  majority of  cases  we  are  led 
to  believe that the faculty is less  liable to  make  mis 
takes.  Of  course  all  institutions  to  carry  out  their 
purpose well  must ha>e  rnles to goYern  ~he actions of 
their students;  for  it seems to  be  boru.  m  the  nature 
of some men to  rebel or to trespass upon the rights of 
others,  and consequently they need  some  restrictions 
placed upon their actions.  But just how  far the fac 
ulty shall go  in this matter,  ancl  just  how  much  can 
be left to the  students  is  a  question  which  depends 
for  its solution much upon  the nature  of  the  institu 
tion and the character of  the students who  attend  it. 
It is of  course for  the interest of  both that the most 
amicable relations  should exist between  studeuts and 
faculty.  But just how  to  bring about this relation  is 
a  matter requiriug a  groat deal of  thought and study. 
\Ve  must remember that the first  duty of  the  faculty 
is  not to  goyern  but  to  instrnct,  but  in  institutions 
like  ours,  where  the  students  room  in  rlormitories, 
more rules  rtre  required and the faculty will necessar 
ily  be  required  to  giYe  more  attention  to  order  and 
discipline than in institutions of  a different character. 
'l'he students should rememuer that they  are here  for 
self-impwrnment,  and  that  although  they  may  not 
receiYc  what they consider as justice,  yet it  is  better 
not to  be too  hasty or take  any steps  "·hich they  will 
be liable  to  regret in after life. 
---·---
Future  America. 

E  A.  WHil':\EY,  ECLECTIC  SOCIETY. 

In times  of  great  national  prosperity, v.·hen  peace 
and progress  are  apparent  on  ernry  hand, when the 
air seems to  waft to  our doors  the  echoes  of  peaceful 
foreign  relations,  and  the blue  sky  aboYe  reflects the 
rights  and  liberties  of  a  great  and  glorious  people; 
tatesmen  and  citizens of  a 
then is the  time for  the 
country  to  examine her foundations  to  compute  her 
future  stability. 

The unparalleled  growth  of  our young  11epublic  is 
looked  upon  by  many as  the forerunner of  future e.-il. 
They argue from  example,  that  because  ancient Per 
sia,  Greece,  and  Home  fell,  that  we  must  decline. 
But the analogy is false;  there is  no  m'.lterial resem 
blance uetween  these nations and ours. 

Examine, for  a  moment,  the  natural athantages of 
our Republic.  Situated a  we  are,  between two great 
oceans;  bounded  on  tbe  one  hand  by  five  of  the 
world's largest lakes, on  the other by a navigable river 
and  a.n  ocean  gnlf;  we  are  preeminently,  of  all 
nation  , the best equipped for commercial intercourse 
with all parts of  the glob6;  while  our  natural water 
ways  afford  us  an  nnlimited  field  for  domestic  com 
merce. 

'rhe Mississippi,  navigaule  nearly its entire length, 
forms  the  great  pulmonary  vein  of  commerce  for  a 
vast region  of  oyer  two  million  square  miles;  while 
our riYers  of  the Atlantic  system cannot be surpassed 
for  manufacturing purposes.  And again,  being sepa 
rated from  the  European  nations  by  an ocean three 
thousa,nd miles  wide,  we  are  not  compelled  to enter 
into  any  tangling  alliances  to  preserYe  om  equilib 
rium.  Nor do  our  natural arlYantages  end with  our 
situation, for  our mines  of  iron,  coal,  and  copper are 
la.rge  enough to  supply the world  for  ages;  while our 
western  El  Dorado,  by  some  new  field  of  wealth, is 
annually  awakening  the  world from  her  sleepy slum 
bers. 

Let us for  a  moment examine our political  founda 
ti_ons,  for  no  matter what  a  nation's advn,ntages  may 
be,  with a.  foundation  "·hich  girns  and  crumbles  at 

4 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

:a 

every thunder's peal, they  are for  naught.  Our form 
of government is too  well  kno>rn  to  need  any discus 
sion here.  We  know  it  has  been  a  success  in  the 
past,  and for  that reason,  and many others, we  claim 
for  it a  triumph in the future. 

Prior  to  the  inauguration  of  our  Repnblic, 

the 
nations of  the earth had not  had,  since  the christian 
era,  an example of  the  republican  form  of  govern 
ment.  And a  majority of  the citizens of  this country, 
born and reared,  as they  were,  under  a  monarchical 
form  of  government, little knew what was  expected of 
them under the new system .  The crowned heads and 
nobility of Europe looked upon  us  as  a  company  of 
fanatics,  and with much ado treated us  as  such .  Dis 
sensions sprang up  at  home,  and  with  the  jealous 
ness  abroad,  it seemed as  if  the  strain  would  be  too 
much for  our structure to  bear. 
or has any part of 
our history been entirely free  from  these political dis 
sensions at home  and  jealousness  abroad.  We  haYe 
passed  through  all,  however,  with  our  foundations 
never shaken,  even in  the  darkest  days  of  rebellion, 
but growing more and more  compact year by year. 

l!'rom our success in the past, when laboring under 
such  disadvantages,  what  may  we  expect  from  the 
future,  when our  people  will  be  educated  to  under 
stand the needs  of  our government?  And to that end 
they are fast  coming;  for  with  our  great  school  sys 
tem,  aided  by  our thousand  colleges,  the  most needy 
of  our land have the advantages  to  gain  this  knowl 
edge. 

It is  only  a  question of  time when  the  seat  of  the 
wealth of  the world  will  be  transferred  to  America. 
Already the money  quotations  from  Wall  street are 
rnling  the  great  corporations  of  the  world,  while 
Pittsburg is fast  becoming  the  acknowledged  center 
for  the products of  the mines. 
In due  time  the com 
mercial sovereignty of  the  world will be  removed from 
England to  America,  and  will  be  held  in  charge by 
New York on the east and San Francisco on the west . 
Here will  be  situated the manufactories of  the world, 
while  in  the  councils  of  our  nation  will  be  settled 
those arbitrary problems which have so  long kept the 
Orient in a  state of war. 

As  time increases so  will  our territory,  until at last 
it sliall extend from  the blustering  shores of  the Arc 
tic to the ever warm waters of  the  gulf.  Through us 
other nations  will  learn  that  the  only  true  form  of 
government is:  Of  the peoble,  by the people,  and for 
trans 
the  people.  American  civilization  will  be 
planted  to  all  climes;  and  as  the  "star  of  empire 
crosses  and  recrosses  the  continent,"  there  will  be 
erected a  structure,  the pride of  Americans,  the light 
of  earth. 

Considerittions  Respecting  the  Constrnction  of 
Chimneys  for  Steam  Works. 

BY  PROFESSOR  R.  O.  OARPENTEU. 

'rhe object of chimneys for  any purpose  is  to  carry 
off  the results of  the  combustion  and if  possible pro 
duce  a  current  sufficiently  strong  to  draw  all  air 
needed for  the combustion into the furnace. 

REA.SONS  FOR  DR.\.UGHT. 

The  philosophy  of  draught  in  chimneys  is  well 
It is  due  to  the  expansion  of  the  gas 
understood. 
which  passes  tbrough  the  chimney  caused  by  heat 
'l'bis  makes  the  column  of 
received  from  the  fire. 

heated air lighter,  hence it is  pressed  upward by  the 
cold air entering at the  furnaces. 
'l'he  velocity with 
which it rises is  in proportion to the square root of its 
height and  directly  to  its  temperature  as  compared 
with outside  air.  This rise  is resisted by the weight 
of the particles  in suspension,  which  go  to  make up 
soot,  smoke  or steam,  and by the friction of  the gases 
on  the sides  of  the fiue . 

There is  sucli  a  wide  variation  in  the difference of 
temperature  in  different  chimneys,  and  even  in  the 
same chimney  at different times, as to make the theo  
retical  values  of  difficult  or  doubtful  application. 
either theory nor practice  shows  any marked ad 
vantage in the tapering or expanding fine  as compar 
ed  with  the  straight  one,  so  that  this  question  is  a 
practical  one  merely  for  constructive  reasons. 
In 
all cases  it is better to  build  that  form  that  is  most 
staple  and  the  cheapest  constructed.  The  motive 
force  which  causes the hot air to rise  in  the  chimney 
is  a  small  one,  rarely  exceeding  the  weight of  three 
fourths inch of  water.  When the temperature in the 
chimney is G00° and that  outside  is  62°,  this upward 
force  is  equal  to  that  of  a  column  of  water  about 
Th part of  the height of  the  chimney  (deduced  from 
Wilson on  chimneys).  As  this  is  about  the  average 
temperature of  climate  and  chimney we  see that the 
measure of  the draught in  a  chimney 103  feet  high is 
the weight of  a  column of water i inches in depth.  The 
weight  of  so  small  a  body  of  water  is  very  small 
indeed,  yet if this  upward  pressure  fall  more  than t 
of  an inch a  very poor  draught  is  the  result.  There 
are  many  influences,  such  as  direction of  wind  cur 
rents,  strength of  wind, etc., that are seemingly insig 
nificant  and  yet  are  suflicient  to  overbalance  the 
small  force  which  causes  the  draught  of  the  chim 
ney.  Even  the form  of  the chimney top  may deflect 
currents of  air in such a  manner  as  to  neutralize or 
impair the  draught.  Surrounding  buildings  or  hills 
may  guide  the  air  currents  in  some  cases  so  as to 
make good  draughts impossible  to  maintain . 

The forces  producing  the  draught  being  so  insig 
nificant and  so  easily  overcome  by  surrounding  cir 
cumstances  or  peculiar  conditions  of  the  air,  show 
that  no  theoretical  consideration can  give  absolute 
knowledge  of  the  result  in  any case before an actual 
trial. 

Theoretical  investigation gives  comparative knowl 
edge  of  great  value;  it  shows  that  our  maximum 
economy  of  draught  is  obtained  when  the  abso 
lute temperature inside the  chimney is  to that of  the 
external air as  t~ · 
'l'his  would  bring  the  internal 
heat to  about  6:25°  when  the  outside  heat  \fas  62°. 
Although the  velocity  of  draught  increa~es with  the 
square  root  of  the  beight,  the  friction  increases still 
faster,  and  there  is  a  limit  to  an  increase  of  height 
which  will  improve the draught.  This limit is  about 
600  feet  for  a  chimney  with  a  3!  foot  flue .  The 
draught caused by increased height increases slowly; 
in  fact  to  double the draught  the  height would  have 
to  be  increased four  times.  A  chimney  might  have 
too  htrge  a  section to  be  heated  by  the  gases  from 
the boilers, in which  case  there  might  be  downward 
as  well  as  upward currents in the chimney. 

Despite all  the  refined  formula  eYolved  from  the 
mathematics regarding the flow  of  heated  gases,  we 
depend principally  upon  certain  rules  of  practice  to 
determine the size of  our chimneys.  These rules  dif 
fer  very much from  each other,  yet  as  each  seems  to 
have given satisfactory  results  in  practice, it  merely 
goes  to  emphasize my former  statement,  that appar 
ently  insignificant  and  obscure  circumstances  can 
so  demoralize the draft as  to  make  it  doubtful  if  in 
any two  cases  the same  law  applies . 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

The following  practical rules have  been  extensively 
followed  as a  guide and  may  be  of  interest.  Tred 
gold's  rule has perhaps the authority  of  having  been 
most extensi>ely u.sed.  He advises  however  to  build 
a  chimney with twice the section given by his rule: 

TREDGOLD'S  RULE. 

Square  OhimneyB,  for  Low-preaaure EngineB. 

A'= 112(Hp) 

..j  h 

A'= Area in  sq.  inches. 
h  =  Height in  feet. 
Hp  =Horse-power of  cn:;ine. 

Reduce A' to feet by dividing by 14.4. 

A' 
A= 144 =  9 

7  Hp 
..j  h 

Round  OhinmeyB. 

A'= 

90  Hp 
1 -
v  h 

(See Creasv.) 

. 

MlLNE  RULE. 

Hp=  ../T d2 

2 

d  =least diameter  in  feet. 
d2  =about !t A. 

Hp=~ Vh A 
8 

8  Hp 
A  =a ../  h 
'rhis  rule  requires  an  area  -171":.  as  large  as  that  of 

Tredgold. 

PROFESSOR  THURSTON  (SEE  WRINKLES  AND  IlE Cll' ER. 
K  =coal burned  per hour p er  square foot  of  grntc snrf>ice. 
2../T -1 =  K. 
This we  will assume to  be 2t Hp., although it varies 
greatly in different  cases.  On  snpposition  that con 
sumption  is  20  lbs . per  square  foot  of  grate  surface 
and one Hp . is  produced for  each four pounds of  coal 
burned, then 

(With g ood proport:o11s. ) 

5  Hp  =  2  ../Ii: - 1. 
. 
1 
1 -
Hp=5 v  h  -5  

2 

The diameter is  not given. 

GENERAL  RULE  (SEE  WRINKLES  AND  RECIPES). 

Area or  cross  section of  the chimney,  either  round  or square, 

!  to T(f tho  grate surface,  and  the height from  5()  to 70  feOG. 

Wilson,  in his work on boiler and factory chimneys, 

gives  us a  result of  his  calculations : 

10  =  weight of  fuel burned per hour. 
A  =  area of  chimney in  square feet. 
h  =  height of  chimney in feet. 

.07  10 
A= ../  h 

w  being  the  coal  burned  in  one  hour,  he  takes  7 

pounds for  one horse power.  He also gives 

A  = 

../  h  !or one boiler  and A  =IO  ../  h  for several. 

. 

5  Hp 

8  Hp 
10 

He concludes  that  the  best  draught is found  when 
the temperature  inside  the  chimney is H times  that 
outside.  This would be,  on the average,  about 600°. 

Wilson  gi>es  as  a  common  rule,  from  experience, 
that the joint area of  flues  or chimney tops  should be 
from  one-eight  to  one-tenth  the  area  of  fire-grate, 
regardless of  height of  chimney. 

As  showing bow  closely these  different  rules  agree, 
we  will  solve  the  following  example  by  each  rule. 
Example:  Hequired,  the  area of  a  square  chimney 
100 feet  high sufficiently large to answer for 100 horse 
power of  boiler,  consuming  1100  pounus  of  coal yer 
hour. 

TREDGOLD'S  RULE. 

Area= -

7  Horse-po11'er 
!! 

v  height 

1 

70 
= -X -= - =7~ sq.ft. 
!! 

7  100 
10 
\-1 

NlLNE'S  RULE. 

Ar.  - 2 

Ho1·se-power 
v  heiuht 

1 

200 
TU 

=  20  sq  ft 
· 

· 

WILSON'S  RULE. 
(Page 26,  work on chimneyB for  boilers.) 

A= 

Coal  p er  hour  x  .I 7 
v  height 

1 

700 
= - x
lll 

7 
100 

=4.9 sq.  ft. 

WIJ,SON°S  TABLE. 

( PronliBpiece  to  work  on  boilers.) 

A1·ea  = 

100 
.
3 
13

=  7§,  about,  square feet.. 

Area = 

Area = 

100 
_ 
1
v  h 

8 
0 

x -
1 

100 
_ 
1
v  h 

5 
x -
1 
0 

WILSON  TABLE. 

=  8,  if one boiler. 

=  5,  H  scrnral boilers. 

THURSTON'S  lWLE. 
Consumpt!on  per foot or g-rate  =  2  ..JT - 1  =  20-1=19. 

Grate ne eder!  to burn -

.  =  37  sq.  feet. 

700  lb< 
-
-
1
0

Chimnny  ~ to  ,1

0  grate  surface =  4 ~ to 31'o-· 

--~ -----
A  New  Insect  Pest  in  Miclligau. 

A.  J.  COOK. 

Our State for  the past  year  or two  has  seemed  to 
be  a  favorite place for  new insect raids. 
Insects long 
known in the country,  and supposed to  be  innoxious, 
all at once become serious  pests  in  our  State.  Two 
years ago  the  Anthononws  musculus,  Sny.,  caused no 
small damage to  the strawberry in the Northern Pen 
insula.  The  strawberry  crown  girdler  Otiorhynchus 
ligneus,  Oliv.,  was  last  summer,  for  the  first  time, 
shown  by  Prof.  Troop  to  be  a  great  enemy  to  the 
strawberry;  while the black army worm,  Agrotis  Jen 
nica,  Tausch., was ±irst  described  by me  as a  terrible 
enemy to all early garden vegetables. 
In the autumn 
of last year the wheat in the bin was seriously injured 
by  a  quite large striped caterpillar, probably a  species 
of  Haclena,  but which I  failed to  rear. 

Late last fall I  received  a  new  wheat  stalk  larva, 
which I  think is  an  undescribed  species.  It is  much 
like the old  "joint  worm"  of  Fitch,  Isvsoma  hordei, 
in appearance and habits, though certainly a different 
species;  and less like the "wheat stalk worm" of Illi 
nois, Isosoma tritici, Riley.  The little insect, of which 
I  have reared a large number, is jet black, thickly set 
v;·ith gray  hairs,  finely  punctured,  and  nbout  three 
mm . long. 
'rhe legs  are  partly  yellow.  The  female 
is  a  little the  larger  and  has  a  brownish  yellow  ovi 
positor.  It differs from  the  I. horclei  in  having  the 
·antennre  and  mouth  parts all  black,  no  white  spot 
on the thorax,  and in its habits ; it lays its eggs on the 
wheat  stalk  in  June, to  the  number  sometimes  of 
I  haYe taken  from fi>e  to  twelve larvre from 
twelYe. 
the  stalk,  all  close  together,  and  presumably  the 
fruit of  one  egg  laying.  The  yellowish  white  larvre 
work  in  the  stalk,  causing  it to  solidify,  so  that it is 
solid  instead  of  hollow,  and  to  become  very  bard. 
'rhis takes from  the vitality of  the stalk,  ancl  reduces 
the yield  and plumpness of  the  berry.  The  footless 
larva, when fully  deYeloped,  rests in  a  little oval cell 
'rhe cells  are 4 mm. long, the 
in the hardened stalk. 

' 

G 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULU:'tf. 

larvre 3  mm.  The  larvre  commenced  to  change  to 
pupre in September.  'fhese are  3! mm. long,  and the 
same color as  the  larvre.  Their elbowed nine-jointed 
antennre  are plainly visible.  The stalk, from which I 
have found as mauy as twelve lanre, is much deformed, 
though  not swollen  as in case of  the joint worm.  It is 
creased ancl looks much injured.  So hard is it that in 
threshing these hardened pieces, from  one  to one and 
one-half inches long, are  broken off  and come out with 
the  wheat.  These  pieces  of  stalk  were  generally 
observed  by  wheat growers in \Vayne and Washtenaw 
counties last  fall,  where  these  insects  did  no  small 
'l'hese  msects  work  anywhere  on  the 
mischief. 
stalk  above 
joint,  though  I  find  few 
the  lowest 
aboYe  the  last  joint  the  most  being  between  the 
third  and  fourth  joints. 
In this  the  insect  differs 
from  the joint worm. 
'fhe insects which I  have kept 
in a  cold room  are still in the pupa state ;  others kept 
in a  warm room  all winter commenced to come out as 
adult or mature insects on March  22d.  The  insects 
all have perfect wings and are about equally male and 
female .  The hardened portion of  the straw is full  of 
little  circular holes after the emergence of the imagos, 
there being as  many holes  as  there are insects reared. 
The8e 
insects  kept  out  doors,  would  likely  have 
matured in June.  The fact that I  find  a  few  insects 
even  above the highest  joint, indicates that  the  egg 
laying must be  as late as  June, or  at  least  the  very 
last of 1\lay. 

'fhe only suggestion as  to  remedy that  I  can  give 
now is to  cut the wheat high  and burn the  stubble in 
autumn. 
'fhis would destroy  all  but the few  carried 
to  the  barn in the straw.  These would be  mostly left 
in the  small  pieces  of  straw  with the  wheat  by the 
machine,  and when cleaned out should be burned.  In 
this way we  could hope to  destroy  the  pests,  but not 
till they had done their mischief for  the year. 

As  the  joint  worm  has  never  continued  very 
destructive many years,  we  may  hope  that  the same 
will  be  true of  this closely related  insect.  Already  I 
have reared one parasitic enemy from it.  But as the 
joint worm  often  did  frightful  damage,  so  we  have 
reason to fear greatly the harm that  may  come from 
this new wheat pest of  Michigan. 
---·-----
The  Botanic  Garden. 

BY  PROF.  W.  J.  BEAL. 

The  two  previous  numbers  of  the  SPECUL  M  have 
contained  some  account  of  other  portions  of  the 
botanic garden. 

Here, throughout  the  season,  from  the  willows  to 
the  gentians  and  witch  hazel,  the  apiariet  can  see 
what his favorite insects visit  for  nectar  and  pollen. 
And this is  an important part of  the  business;  for  if 
plants of  the right sorts are not plenty,  they  may  be 
sown and raised. 

The mints always  attract  the  bees  and  they  hum 
and crawl about the flowers  of germander, blue curls, 
pennyroyal,  spearmint, peppermint, watermint, corn 
mint,  bugle-weed,  horehound,  dittany,  hyssop,  basil, 
majorum,  thyme,  summer  savory,  colaminth,  balm, 
stone-root,  sage,  Oswego  tea,  bergamot,  horsemint, 
blephilia,  catnip,  gill,  dragon-head,  cedronella,  syn 
andra,  self-heal,  skullcap,  hedge-nettle,  dead-nettle, 
and mountain mint. 
'l'hese  and  many  more  are  all 
mints,  every  one,  and  they  are  much  benefited  by 
the visits  of  bees,  which they reward  with  nectar  for 
services  rendered.  The  one  who  passes  by  can 
scarce help  picking fragments for  a  nosegay. 

The figworts,  too,  are  scarcely  less  valuable,  and 
to  them  belong the  mulleins,  toad-flax,  snapdragon, 

snake-head,  penstemon,  mimulus,  pimpernel,  mud. 
wort,  the  speedwells,  blue-hearts,  the  gerardias, fox 
gloves,  painted  cup,  chaff-seed,  eyebright,  yellow 
rattle,  lousewort,  and  cow-wheat.  A  part  of  these 
are not visited  by  honey bees. 

'fhe  large  sunflower  family  combines  an  abund 
ance  of  asters  and  golden  rods,  iron-weed,  blazing 
stars, thoroughwort  or boneset,  fleabanes,  coreopsis, 
tickseed,  yarrow,  chicory,  dandelion,  hawkweed, 
rattlesnake-root, wild  lettuce,  sow thistle,  and  many 
more which  are favorites for  honey bees. 

. 

The man who likes  his  bees  becomes  interested in 
wild  verbenas,  lobelias,  bugloss,  barrage,  the  milk 
weeds,  pickerel weed,  the mustards, the cresses,  alys 
sum,  the  mallow,  flax,  geraniums,  the  balsams, 
sumachs,  basswoods  and  willows;  the  maples,  the 
clovers,  cassia, the spirreas, strawberries, cinque-foils, 
the raspberries,  the roses  and  hawthorns, the  apples 
and  crab-appies,  the  mountain  ashes,  and  others, 
which  help  make  up several  hundred  kinds  of  bee 
plants found in almost every neighborhood. 

The  botanic  garden  is frequented  by  the enthusi 
astic Juniors who,  with bug-net and cyanide bottle in 
hand,  sweep  in  our  insect  friends  as  well  as  our 
insect-foes. 
'l'he  students  learn  to  look  for  certain 
insects  about the plants  of  a  certain  family.  Water 
beetles and  dragon  flies,  moths  in  the evening  and 
butterflies by clay  are busiest,  and hardest to catch as 
the mercury rises . 

Here the  landscape gardener  can. study  the plants 
with  reference  to  producing  certain  effects.  Some 
are subtropical,  some  suitaule  for  bog  or  pond,  some 
for  sunshine,  some  for  shade.  Some  are  best  in 
masses of  one kind,  others are best massed  with  one 
or more  sorts,  some  are  eccentric,  some  noble,  some 
clean,  some  straggling.  With  some  the  chief  glory 
lies in their flowers ;  with  others  the  foliage .  Some 
are out early in spring,  and go  to  rest during the beat 
of  summer, while others barely get  into  flower  when 
the frosts  of  September  appear. 

The plants of the heath family  are difficult  to man 
age.  We  have a  leather-leaf and a  huckleuerry bush 
which have survived the rigors  of  winter, the summer 
floods,  and transplanting. 

A wild potato from  Arizona,  another  from  Mexico, 
shrubby bitterweed, matrimony vine, the night-shade, 
and  some  other  Solanums  show  their  affinities,  as 
most of  them are troubled  with  the  agressiYe  potato 
beetle. 

Most of  the violets flower  early  in  the  season,  but 
some contitiue all summer.  As  they seed freely, they 
are  likely  to  get  mixed  if  grown  near  each  other. 
Have you ever loo keel  in July  to  see  the  inconspicu 
ous flowers  of Viola cuculata,  as they have no petals? 
These flowers are  under  the  leaves  and  many  times 
below  the surface of  the ground,  yet they seed  freely. 
Several other violets  have  the  same  habit;  so  have 
some of the polygalas.  Near  the  violets  is  an  ioni 
dium  or  green  violet, bearing inconspicuous  flowers. 
It looks  rather weedy. 

Did you  ever study the  martynia or unicorn plant? 
It is  an eccentric thing,  noted for  many  sticky  hairs, 
which  often  catch  immense  numbers  of  small flies, 
which the plant seems to  digest and relish as  articles 
of  food.  A  part  of  the  leayes  are  bilateral,  while 
some  are as  unequal-lobed as  those  of  the  begonias. 
This coarse annual bears irregular flowers,  and  is  so 
constructed that bumble bees  and some  large  insects 
are  needed  to  aid  in  fertilizing  the  stigmas.  The 
flat  stigmas  are  sensitive,  and  when  touched. in  a 
warm  day  close  in  a  few  seconds. 
This  helps  to 
secure crossing,  and prevents self.fertilization.  It is 
worth  a  little time  to  obserYe  these  curious  things. 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

7 

IT  1s  the  policy  and  practice  of  tlie  SPEC  LUM to 
expose  the  mttnufacturers  of  worthless  compounds, 
and  denounce  their wares,  but no  less ready  is  it to 
champion a  really meritorious  article. 

In  the  February  number  of  the  Popular  Science 
Ne1cs  -we  find  a  formula for  a  metal pomade,  wbich 
formula  concludes  with the  remark:  "It is in every 
way  preferable  to  tlie  'Putz,' as  that  contains mer 
cury,  and is  in other ways objectionable." 

It is probable  that  the  News  made  that statement 
without  subjecting  the "Putz" to  a  chemical  exami 
nation for  mercury (otherwise it would not have  been 
made),  and  judged  simply  from  the  peculiar  white 
lustre  imparted  by  "Putz"  to  brass  and  kindred 
metals, that an  amalgam  was  formed  nece. situ.ting, 
of course,  tlle presence of  mercury in the polish . 

This  lustre,  if  r:ot  the  familiar  is  a  natural  one, 
and is due not  to  an  amalgam,  but  to  the prodnction 
of a  less une>en surface. 

If examined  under  the  microscope,  the  crystalline 
structure of  the ordinary brazen surface,  is  very per 
ceptible,  especially if  it has  been in contact with oils 
of  any kind,  and  it is  this  partially  polished surface 
which,  from  its  very  inegularity  and  comparative 
roughness,  presents  the yellow  lustre which  we  com 
monly learn to  associate with  brass as  one of its qual 
ities;  but if the polishing  process  be  continued  with 
suitable materials, the minute crystals are worn clown 
to  a  common leYel,  and then is  it that the light lustre 
is  developed. 

Interrupt the polishiug of  gold  or silver at an inter 
mediate stage,  or examine  a  coin,  and  the  surface  is 
as unlike that of  polished gold  or  silver,  as is that of 
brass as  ordinarily polished,  to  the  finish,  which  it is 
capable of  receiving. 

Chemical  examination  shows  the  imported  "Uni 
versal-Metal-Putz  Pomade," (Vogt  & Co.,  Berlin,)  to 
be  entirely free  from  mercury,  its  constituents  being 
Colcothar,  or  Jeweler's Rouge  (a  peroxide of iron) Oil, 
and Nitro Benzole.  But we cannot too highly condemn 
an  article  sold  under  the  same  name  and  made  by 
an  E.  W.  Bennett  &  Co .,  Chicago. 
It is  not  only 
worthless,  but  would  ruin  a  fine  metallic surface,  as 
it  contains  but a  very  small  quantity  of  Uolcothar, 
its bulk being made up  of  a  very coarse silica. 

LIBR\RY  NoTES.-0\"er three hundred  books  and  pamphlels 
hM·e  beon  placed upon  the she!vos since the spring torm  began . 
Valuable aduitions  have boen  made  to  the  <.:ollections  of  his 

tory,  botany,  veterinary science,  and  physics. 

It is proposed to keep an  account of  the  books  drawn  during 
the year with a  v;ow  to answering the question,  "What do stud 
ents road "I'  Tho  heads will  be  Criticism  und  Essays,  Filltion, 
History,  Naturnl  8oienoe,  and Useful Arts. 

A number of now  periodicals are now to be found  in  th e case;;, 
among  which  are  tho  Art Journal,  Mc::\lillau's  i\lagazi11c.  Tho 
Ameri"c~n.  Harper's  Weekly,  Ohio  Farmer,  Lo Journal d'.Agri 
cnlture Illustre,  and  others. 

During last fall  term a  large number  of  Agr:cu:tnral  l'teports 
wero  sent  through  tbe  Smithsonian  Instiwte  to Agricultural 
Colleges in foreign  u11ive1silies  and  1o  Agricultural  Sta•ions. 
The  first  response  to  thorn  comes  from  Madras,  being  reports 
on Saidapet Expol'imenta.l Farm for the  years 1881-82-83.  They 
gi>e  a  short  account  of  tho  productions  of  tho  farm,  of  tho 
school  of  agriculture.  of  soed  sown and  produce  of  same,  of 
ploughing mat~ hes, of  the  manures used, of tbe Li1·e  stock of the 
farm,  of irrigation,  and other mattn:0.  The  School  of  Agr·cult 
ure  has sixty-nine  stuuents  a.t  the  average  age  of  23  years. 
The courao of instrnction  includes  Agriculture,  Veterinary  Sci 
ence.  Chemistry,  Botan~',  Mechanics,  Ar:th1uetic  aud  Book 
keeping.  Mensuration  and  Building,  Jt'i Pld  Survo.dng,  Physical 
Geography,  and  Meteorology;  lectures are also  given  in  Anat 
omy, Physiolody, otc;  students also  have  the advantage of mili 
tary trainin_g-.  There is a  vc: erinary  ho;pit"l  with  instruments 
and drugs;  Pisciculture,  S!:lriculture and other industries receirn 
attention;  se,·eral  experiments  with  Yitality  of  maizP,  c'ieese 
making and other things are  reported.  These  reports  will  bo 
found  with  Aaricnlture. 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

Pnblishccl  Qnartcrly-Aug·nst,  October,  A1ll'il,  ancl  Jnne. 

BY  THE  STUDEN'fS 
-OF -

THE  MICHIGAN  STATE  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE. 

TERMS,  50  CENTS  A  YEA.R; 

SINGLE  NUMBERS,  15  CENTS. 

ADVERTISING  RATES  MAUE  ICNOl\"N  ON  Ai'PLIC .ITION. 

~All subscriptions  will  be  regarded  as  continued  unless 

we  are  notified  to  the  contrnry. 

J30.P-RD  O::E"  :E:D:tTOR. 

DELTA  TAU  DEi.TA  }"llATERNT!Y. 
H.  K  THO)LUi,  Euitor.111.Qhief. .•........ LiLernry Articles,  E<litoriale. 

NATURAL  lllSTOl!Y  SOCIETY. 
PllOF.  ll.  c. CA!l.P E~T 1::11, .• _. ........ -·-···-··  •····· -··· .... ·--·  cicnre. 
l'Cl,ECT IC  SOCIETY. 
l!'.  L.  Cll.\PPELL, ................. -.............•..... . . _.College  Kews. 

U:KION  l,lTERAlt\"  SOCIETY. 
R.  M.  B.\TE~, ···- .... ···-·· .... ·---·  ......... ···-······ . ....... Persona le. 

!'III  DKLT.A.  Tln:T \  FRATERNITL 
D.  J.  STltYKER,  Secretary,  .. . ...••. .. _.  .... Exchanges  nnd  Colleges 

ll..  W.  llEMPUll.L,  Jn, ......... . .........•..•... ,..llusiness  Manager. 
PROE.  !:'.  JOUN  o~ .. _. ......... ······ -··············· ... ·-···-Trensurer. 

AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE,  MICH.,  APl'tIL  I,  1885. 

THE  ATTENTION  of  our  readers  is  called  to  the 
improvements made  on this number of the SPECULUllI. 
A new plate adorns the  title  page,  an  engraving  of 
President Willits  appears as tile frontispiece,  and tile 
paper has  been  enlarged  by  one  sheet,  making  four 
pages of  extra  matter.  These  improvements  require 
a  considerable increase in  our  expenditures, making 
it very necessary that all subscriptions should be  paid 
at once.  We  therefore  earnestly request that all sub 
scribers settle  their accounts  without  delay,  and  not 
wait until  Alumni  Reunion,  as  we  need  the  money 
immediately.  It is but a  small amount  for  each one, 
but is sufficient to  meet all our demands if  all is paid 
promptly. 

It is intended also  to  print an  engraving  of  Presi 
dent Abbot  in the next issue,  can  the  required  funds 
be  obtained .  We  furthermore  desire  to  make  an 
especial point of  interest in President Abbot's biogra 
phy,  the great work he has  done  for  the  College,  and 
the ·successive stages of  its growth under his long and 
efficient administration .  And  to this end  we  request 
that all  alumni and others furnish us any information 
they may possess regarding the condition  and  devel 
opment of  the  College  during  the  twenty-five  years 
that President Abbot has  been  at  its  head,  and  the 
twenty-eight years  that  he  has  been  connected  with 
the institution. 

THE  LABOR  system being the peculiar  characteristic 
of our college,  has  always  been  the  subject  of  much 
thought and discussion.  Ours is  one of  the  first  col 
leges  which have succeeded in operating  a  system  of 
manual  labor  with  any  Yery  satisfactory  degree  of 

8 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

success.  We  have on that accou,nt  been the especial 
object of  criticism by the OPP.Onents  of  industrial edu 
cation, while  at the same time om progress has  been 
watched with solicitude  and  hope  by  those  favoring 
the combination of  manual with mental education. 

It is  claimed  by  a  few  that  the  labor  system  is  a 
failure,  while on the other it is  as stoutly  maintained 
that it is  all that could be  desired or expected.  There 
are in  discussing this problem many conditions to  be 
considered,  which  the  superficial  observer,  or  the 
prejudiced  critic,  often  does  not  duly  take  into 
account. 
It must  be  remembered  that  this  is  the 
pioneer  institution  of  the  kind, and  that  it  cannot 
therefore.  draw its l_)ractical lessons from the successes 
and  failures  of  similar  institutions,  an  inestimable 
advantage enjoyed by literary and  scientific  colleges. 
On  the  contrary,  ours  must  learn  entirely  from  its 
own  dear  school  of  experience.  Neither  bas it  the 
advantage of scholars who  have  made  the  subject  a 
practical  life  study,  as  distinguished  educators  in 
other systems of instruction have  clone .  The  system 
of.labor education is  in  its  infancy;  its  capabilities 
are  undeveloped.  For  how  many  years  have  the 
schools  of  mental training been developing into  their 
present  proficiency?  Why,  therefore,  should  such 
early maturity  be  expected  in  this?  There  is  also 
the  prejudice  against  an  agricultural  college,  of  a 
large pro.Portion of  that class who  are  the  prbmoters 
of  education;  and this,  in  its  practical  workings,  is 
no  small obstacle with which  the  supporters  of  such 
colleges  have to  contend. 

Many  hold  that  because  the  student  does  not in 
four  years  attain to  a  high degree  of  l_)erfection  in  all 
the arts,  and in the science of  farming,  the labor sys 
tem  is  a  failure .  To  expect  such  is  wholly  unfair 
and unreasonable.  To  become  thoroughly successful 
in tlle rn.anagement of a farm, and skilled it its various 
arts,  requires  years  of  experience  and  study.  Do 
medical schools  at  once  produce  skilled  physicians, 
or  law  schools  eminent  lawyers?  Certainly  not! 
They simply afford the discipline by which  the  grad 
uate may train  himself,  and  furnish  the  foundation 
upon which  he  may  build.  Why  then  should  more 
be  expected of  an agricultural school? 

Another very absurd  idea  entertained  by  many  is 
that the labor system  should  be  a  financial  success. 
Because the students' labor does  not result in a dfrect 
profit to  the State it is considered a failure .  Any per 
son who bas any knowledge of conducting educational 
institutions will  at once  recognize  the  unreasonable 
ness of  such an argument.  It is  not  to  be  expected 
that  the  labor  performed  will  prove  a  profit  to  the 
State.  In fact  that is  one  of  the greatest .troubles  in 
the system at the present time;  the profitableness  of 
the  work  to  be  performed  is  taken  too  much  into 
account. 

The  aystem  is  further  asserted  to  be  wanting  in 
success on the  supposition  that  the  students  do  not 
work  well.  We  cannot agree with  our  critics  in  this 
matter,  but are confident  that, under l_)roper manage-

• 

• 

ment,  as  good  work  is  done  in  the  department  of 
manual labor,  by the great majority of  students, as is 
done in class-work;  but because there are always a few 
lazy shirks who  manage to  pass  away  the  time  with 
accomplishing but very  little,  the  whole  college  and 
the system itself must receive  the odium of  their  un-
faithfulness.  When we  say that students  work  well, 
we  do not mean that they do a man's work;  such ought 
not to  be  expected . 
In the  first  place  they  are  not 
all men;  besides working  only  fifteen  hours  a  week, 
and engaged in  mental  labors  the  remainder  of  the 
time,  does  not leave the student in a proper condition 
for  severe physical exertion. 

We  have  thus  endeavored  to  show  some  of  the 
things that ought not to  be  expected ofthe labor  sys 
tem;  what now  should be  expected of it,  and how far 
does  it meet those requirements?  Perhaps the  most 
important feature is  that it  creates  and  maintains  a 
respect for  the dignity of  labor,  ancl  for  the  laborer. 
Four years in college  without any discipline  at  man 
ual  labor,  is  almost  sure  to  destroy  the  respect  for 
labor,  and the disposition  if  not the ability to  engage 
in  such.  It is too  frequent  an  occurrence  that  such 
students are disposed to look  down  on  manual  labor 
as being  beneath  the  dignity  of  a  college  graduate. 
It is  a  noticeable  and much commented fact,  and one 
that  is  very  forcibly  used  as  an  argument  against 
higher education, that  it unfits the  graduate  for  the 
more common and  practical  walks  of  life  by  lessen 
ing their abilities and destroying their dispositions to 
engage in  hard  work.  It  cannot,  however,  be  suc 
cessfully disputed that this is  not true to  so  great  an 
extent with those students who  combine their mental 
discipline with  training at  manual  labor.  This  c ~l­
lege boasts of  its graduates  being  practical  and  suc 
cessful men;  and a large part of  their success is with 
out doubt owing to  their abilities  and  dispositions  to 
work.  For it must be  admitted that it is  not  always 
the men with the highest education or  the best abili  
ties  that  are the most· successful,  -but  it  is  the men 
who  are willing to  put  their  shoulders  to  the  wheel, 
and being willing are  able  to  push  with  effect;  and 
therein,  we  claim, lies the great difference in the  dis 
cipline affoi·ded  by the two  classes of  institutions . 

In order,  wever,  to  reap  these  benefits,  the labor 
system must be  what  it  purports  to  be.  Every  stu 
dent  should  be  required  to  work  each  day,  as it is 
from  this regularity that he derives  the  benefits,  and 
not so much from the great amount of  work performed, 
although  he  should  work  fairly  well.  The  student 
who  works  only when he  feels  so  disposed,  does  not 
work very often,  and derives  a  correspondingly small 
amount of good  therefrom.  It cannot  have  escaped 
the notice of  all  concerned that  students  work  much 
better when they are required to  work  every day than 
when they work  irregularly;  neither is there so  much 
dissatisfaction  among  the  students  with  regard  to 
laboring.  Here,  however,  arises the  difficulty of pro 
viding work for  all at all seasons of  the year.  During 
the  spring  term  and  a  portion · of  the  autumn term 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

work  cannot  be  furnished. 
Shops  in  which  work 
could  be  clone  when  there  is  no  other,  would  be  a 
great  help  to  the  labor  system,  ancl  would  go  far 
toward solving the educational part of  the problem. 

Then not only furnish work  but  require  that  every 
one shall work.  As  it is now,  any one  with the usual 
school-boy ingenuity and  plenty of  money,  can man 
age to  escape nearly all the requirements of  the labor 
system.  Of course many students would loudly object 
to  such strict measures,  but  such  as  are  not  willing 
to  engage in the labor should seek tlieir  ·education  at 
other institutions. 

One  of  tl.1e  most beautiful  effects  of  tl.te  labor  sys 
tem is  seen  in  its  influence  on  the  students  at  the 
college.  There is to  be  found liere  no  such  thing  as 
caste or aristocracy;  all  are  on  an  equal ;  "Worth 
makes the man,"  and a  degree  of  hearty good  feeling 
and friendship  exists among all the students,  such as 
is found in few  other colleges . 

Aside from  all these,  the gm.eluates  of  this  college, 
whether farmers  or not,  with,  we  think,  but very  few 
exceptions,  are  in  close  sympathy  with the  agricult 
ural classes,  and take  a  lively  interest  in  all  public 
matters concerning the well-being of  tlie  farmer,  and 
the improvement of his  calling. 

While we  do  not  aclvocn,te  tllat  the  system  can  be 
made practically educational to the extent that many 
think it should be,  yet we  know  much may be learned 
from  observing  the  excellent  manner  in  which  the 
farm  and  gardens  are  cultivated,  and  by  observing 
the fine  stock and their ma,nagement.  Still we  think 
the labor system can  be  made more educational  than 
it  is.  Too  much stress  is  laid  upon  the  attempt  to 
make  it  profitable.  A  particular  kincl  of  work  re 
quired  to  be  clone,  a  man  who  can  do  the  work  is 
searched out,  and  no  attempt  made  to  teach  those 
who  do  not  know  how,  because  that  would  not  be 
profitable to  the  department.  Now  there  are  many 
kinds  of  work in  which  instructions  could  be  given, 
especially  on  the  lawns  and  gardens.  One  good, 
practical workman,  with a  small  number of  students 
each day,  could  accomplish  very  satisfactory  results 
in  teaching  many  kinds  of  work . 

The  amount  of  time  assigned  to 

this  depart 
ment  of  tl.te  college  conrse,  is,  we  think,  too  much, 
and  thus  becomes  a  hindrance  to  its  more  suc 
cessful  operation.  There  are  several  reasons  for 
this .  All  the  go0d  results  of  the  work  system 
labor  as 
would  be  accomplished  in  two  110urs' 
well  as  in  three;  and,  moreover,  we  are  strongly 
inclined to  the opinion that, under good management, 
nearly, if not quite  as  much  work  would  be  accom 
plished.  A  great  deal  of  the  unpopularity  of  the 
work  system  among  the  students  at  present arises 
from  the  opinion  that  they  cannot  afford  to  clrvote 
to  it  three  hours  a  clay.  The  student  who  works 
vigorously  for  three  hours,  unless he  be  a freshman 
accustomed to manual  labor,  will not,  without  some 
rest,  find  himself  in  a  very  desirable  condition  for 
hard  study,  and  this  results  in much  loss  of  time, 

and  is  a  prolific  source  of  much  of  the shirking. 
Under  the  two  hours'  rule  these  objections  would 
be 
largely  done  away  with,  aml  at  the  same 
time  it  would  afford  sufficient  exercise  to  keep 
the  student  healthy  and  in  a  condition  to  do  more 
school  work  than  he  otherwise  could.  This,  too, 
would  afford  an opportunity for  those who  desired  to 
avail themselves  of  military training,  and thus aid in 
disposing of  that perplexing question. 

WHILE  so  many changes  are  being  brought  about 
and additions being made to  the college, would it  not 
be  well to look to  the matter of  a  preparatory depart 
ment?  The small number who  enter the college,  the 
deficiency  of  a large proportion of  these  in  the  com 
mon branches of  study,  and  the  failnre  of  many  to 
pass  the  required  examinations,  are  Yery  forcible 
reminders of  the necessity of  such a  department. 

The matter of  raising the  course of study  could  be 
easily accomplished in this way: 
l\Iany of  the  pres 
ent studies of  the freshman  year could  be  put  in  the 
preparatory  department,  others  admitted  into  the 
regular  course,  and  more  time  be  given  to  some 
already  in  the  curriculum,  to  \"Vhich  at  present,  an 
insufficient length of  time  is  allotted to  master  them 
satisfactorily. 

Several branches which are required neither in the 
course nor for  admission,  and of  which eYery  student 
should have  a  good  knowledge,  could be  required  for 
admission  into  the  college  proper.  Among these 
might be  mentioned United  States history  and  book 
keeping,  and the requirements in grammar and arith 
metic be  raised.  Thus the great majority of  the stu 
dents  could be far better prepared to  enter upon their 
college  studies,  and would be  in  a  condition  to  more 
thoroughly comprehend them.  The present standard 
of  admission  is  altogether  too  low  as  compared  to 
those required by other colleges,  and this is  certainly 
no  compliment to  our school.  But  low  as  it  is,  it is 
too high for many of those whom the college is intended 
to  reach .  Only  a  comparatively small number of the 
farming class are able to  prepare themselves to  enter 
the college intended  for  their  especial  benefit,  hence 
the farmers of  Michigan have a right to a preparatory 
department  in  this  college,  and  should  demand  it. 
About the only  additional expense would  be  the  cost 
of  engaging a· principal.  Recitations in  tl..iat  depart 
ment could  come  in  the  afternoon;  and  the -work 
hours,  if  such should be  required,  could  come  in  the 
forenoon. 
'rhis conlcl  be  made  a  great  help  to  the 
college without involving  any very great expense. 

A \\"ELL,  affording abundance of good  water  is  very 
much needed on  the Uollege  grounds.  The  two  wells 
from  which  students  obtain  water  for  use,  at  Wil 
liams  and Wells  hall respectively,  have ne>er  been in 
every respect satisfactory.  The well at Williams hall 
is  a  shallow  drive well,  so  close  to  the sewer from the 
buildings as to  render the water  never  free  from  sus 
picion;  in  acldilion  the  water  is  warm  and  badly 

10 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

1laYored,  and in such limited quantity  that  no  pump 
can be made to  work satisfactorily.  During the  late 
cold  weather  the  pump  was  broken  and  inopera 
ti Ye  for  several days.  At Wells  hall  the  well  is  130 
feet  deep  and thus free from any surface taintage, and 
the water rises to  within about  four  feet  of  the  top. 
'.rhis  well,  however,  has  not  given  clear  water since 
1883,  and so  far all efforts  to  improve  it  have proved 
futile.  The  water  is  so  muddy  as  to  be  unsafe  to 
drink. 
'rhis  has  made  it  necessary for  the students 
and  cooks  of  the "clubs" to  bring  the  water  a  long 
distance,  either  from  the  green-house  or  from  the 
barns.  Farther  inquiry  shows that  there are few  or 
no  first-class  wells  on the grounds.  During  the  last 
two  years,  a  large number of flowing  wells  have been 
struck at a  moderate  depth  in  the  city  of  Lansing, 
and e>en nearer the College, on the farm of  Mr. James 
Turner .  At the Reform School, which stands on high 
ground,  the water from  an artesian well is pumped by 
steam  into the  various  buildings,  thus  affording an 
excellent supply.  1\Ir. W.  R.  Coats, the engineer who 
disco>ered  the  recent  flowing  well  at  Lansing,  and 
who  made an exhaustive  study  of  the  water bearing 
strata surrounding the city,  says there will be no  dif 
ficulty  in  obtaining  a  strong  flowing  well  near  the 
nver.  . 

If a  supply of good drinking water could be pumped 
into the various buildings, it would tend not only to the 
convenience  but to  the health  of  the  students, while 
the  expense  would  probably  Le  but  little,  if  any 
greater, than to maintain a  number  of  wells,  none  of 
which are  efficient. 

VERY many friends  of  the  college  are urging  either 
the advancement of the standard of admission to  the 
college,  or  the cessation of  granting the degree  of  B. 
S.  There is no  doubt that the requirements for  that 
degree  at  the  college  are  at  present  less  than  that 
required  by  any other college in the State.  The effect 
is instead of  drawing  students  who  will  compete  in 
large  numbers  for  that  degree,  to  discourage  their 
attendance, the idea being held by them that there is 
no reputation to  be  gained by  obtaining  so  cheap  a 
degree.  The  organic  law  establishing  the  college 
the  common  schools  to  be 
requires  graduates  of 
admitted.  This has been interpreted  by  the  faculty 
as requiring the admission of  students who  can  pass 
an  examination  in  arithmetic,  reading,  grammar, 
'.rhere is  no  doubt but that the 
writing,  and spelling. 
organic law would be  obeyed  provided  such  students 
were  admitted  into  a  preparatory  class,  and  the 
requirements  of  admission  for  the  freshman  class, 
'l'he arguments in favor  of  this, 
advanced one year. 
concisely would be,  to bring the course on  a  par  "itll 
courses in other  colleges  granting  the  same degree ; 
to  permit  more  time  for  studies  of  general  culture 
and discipline;  to  render the technical studies  of  the 
course more valuable. 

There  are,  on  the  other  hand,  strong  arguments 
In the first  place our  agricultural  stn-

against this. 

dents  must  come  largely  from  the  country.  They 
may not be  able  to  stay  more  than  four  years,  and 
cannot get preparation for  an advanced course. 

A  compromise  measure  might  be  adopted  which 
would give  a  degree  of Bachelor of Agriculture at  the 
end of four  years,  and the degree  of  B.  S.  at  the  end 
of five  years,  that might be  satisfactory  to  all.  It is 
a  notable fact that the students of  the  college  are  at 
present overworked,  and some  change  that  will  pre 
vent this must be  brought about. 

THE  RESIGNATION  of  President  Abbot  and  the  ap 
pointment  of  Mr. Willits to fill  the vacancy,  appears 
to  have opened up a  new era  in the  life of  the  Agri 
cultural  College.  Other  changes  have  followed  in 
close  succession,  several  impro>ements  are  being 
made  and others are projected. 

Mr.  Willits  is  a  man of  strong  intellect,  he  has  a 
broad  education,  and  is  a  gentleman  of  the  highest 
culture.  He  has  not  only  gained  a  commendable 
reputation as  a  teacher,  but he  has  during his  active 
and  varied  life  obtained  much  practical  knowledge 
in many  other  directions which  cannot  fail  to  be  of 
great use in the ·executive management  of  an educa 
tional  institution.  He  has  hacl  experience  on  all 
sides  of  the  question,  not  only  as  a  teacher  but as 
the  executive  head,  and  also  from  a  political  and 
business  aspect.  Hence  he  must  possess  broader, 
more  practical  views,  and  a  better  knowledge  of 
human  nature  than though  his  whole  life  had been 
occupied as  a  teacher and a  student. 

President Willits will teach  Political Economy  and 
Constitutional  Law.  Bis  known  ability,  and  his 
knowledge  of  these  branches  need  no  farther  enco 
mium;  and we hope to see the time allotted to the study 
of these  sciences increased in the near future .  He is 
not expected to  teach any  other  branches. 

Ex-President Abbot  remains  in the  college  as pro 
fessor  of  Mental,  Moral Philosophy,  Logic,  and His 
tory.  Dr.  Abbot  is  a  most  excellent  teacher as  all 
well know who  have been in  his classes;  and  he  has 
almost a  wonderful knowledge  of  books.  Relief from 
the duties involved in the  Presidency will  enable him 
to  give  his  whole  attention  to  his  classes;  conse 
quently the students  of  the  Agricultural  College will 
have very superior advantages in those branches. 

These  changes  have  made it  necessary to  abolish 
the  chair  of  History  and  Political  Economy,  thus 
causing  the  departure  of  Professor  Harrower  from 
the  College.  The  students  and  the  officers  of  the 
College  Yery  much  regret  the loss  of  Prnfessor Har 
rower,  as  he is  a  young  man  of  ability and  a  close 
student,  an  aLle  teacher,  and well  informed  in  the 
branches of  his profession. 

This throws  all the  literary  work  on  the Professor 
of  English Literature, which is  to  be  regretted as we 
fear it is  overloading that  department;  but this may 
be relieyed when increased teaching force is  added on 
account of  the new  mechanical school. 

In the  Horticultural Department  Mr.  Bailey  takes 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

11 

the Professorship.  He is a  young man of  ability and 
energy,  a  fine  scholar,  and an  enthusiastic  botanist. 
He has associated  with him as foreman, Mr.  Crandall 
of  '73.  Under their  management  no  doubt  is enter 
tained  that  the  Horticultural  Department  will  not 
only keep  up its present admirable condition, but will 
continue to grow  in  use,  and improve  in appearance. 
And it is  to  be hoped  that  an increased  interest will 
soon be manifested in the study of  horticulture.  1\Ir. 
Bailey has faith in the labor system,  and is  confident 
of  making the  student labor  prove more  effective in 
the future than in some  cases it has in the past. 

The  Military  Department  is  struggling  hard  for 
recognition,  and  will  add  another feature  to  the  Col 
lege  more  or  less  attractive .  The  gren,test  question 
in  regarcl to  this matter  now seems to  be,  what to  do 
with the pesky subject. 

With all  these  fair  prospects  we  feel  hopeful and 
confident  of  the  future  of  our  Alma  Mater.  May 
she grow and  increase  in usefulness  and  popularity, 
and not only maintain her proud position at the head 
of  agricultural colleges, but far outstrip her own good 
record.  She  shall be  an  honor to  her  children who 
will glory in  hel'  good  name,  and  the  Agricultural 
College  shall be the pride of  our state. 

THE  CLUB  BOARDING  SYSTEM  has now  been  in  opera 
tion for  over two  years,  and with  results  quite  satis 
factory,  on the w bole. 
In no case, we think, has there 
been any dissatisfaction with the quality or the quan 
tity  of  board,  but  this  has  not  been so  universally 
In most  of  the  clubs  the 
true in regard to the cost. 
price per week has rangecl from  $2.45  to  $2.75.  One 
club,  owing  to  misfortunes  and  laxness  somewhere, 
has several times paid as high as  $3.00 per week.  To 
guard against such in the future, the constitution was 
amended so  as to provide for  the election of  an audit 
ing committee  whose  cluty  shall  be  to  examine  the 
accounts of  all the stewards eack week;  the commit 
tee  was  also  instructed  to  furnish  a  uniform  set  of 
books  to be used  by the stewards in keeping the  club 
accounts.  These changes, together  with  the  provis 
ion that the members of  the auditing committee shall 
receive a  compensation  of  one  shilling  an  hour  for 
their labors,  are expected to  secure  greater  Yigilance 
in the business affairs  of  the  clubs,  and  to  .rnise  the 
efficiency  of  the  system  as  regards  stability  in  the 
-price  of  board . 

We  have therefore no complaint to enter against the 
system in  so  far  as it goes,  but we  do  not think it goes 
far enough .  Tbe  board,  perhaps, is  as  good  as  can 
be  bad for  the price,  but  there  should  be  some  pro 
visions made that  proYisions  might  be  furnished  at 
cheaper  rates  for  those  who  desire  to  board  at less 
cost.  But just how  to  accomplish  this  seems  to  be 
rather a  perplexing question. 
'l'he  present  mode  of 
having  a  committee to diYide  the students among the 
several  clubs so  there shall not  be  a  majority of  any 
class or of  any society iu a  club,  will liaYe  to be aban 
doned.  Yet it ·would  not  be  advisable  to  have  a  club 

conducted exclusively by a  class or  by  a  society.  If 
it could be arranged  so  that  board  could  be  had  at 
different  rates,  according  as  the  student  desired  to 
pay,  and then allow  each  to  select  his  own  club,  it 
would be a  very desirable change.  Would this not be 
an improvement  very  satisfactory  to  all,  and  if  so, 
what  is  there  to  hinder  this  change  being  brought 
about at once? 

The cost  of  board  is  one  very  great  dxawback  to 
this college.  There  is  no  choice,  all  must  pay  the 
same, whether he would desire to have cheaper board, 
or whether he could afford to pay more  and have bet 
ter board.  Nearly all  other  colleges  are  situated so 
as to  allow  more or  less latitude in selecting the kind 
and price of  board;  and in some  schools,  as the Val 
pariso Normal, this is the principal attractive feature . 
It must be  admitted also,  that this is  a  vital  consid 
eration with a great many  of  those  seeking  a  college 
education.  This  opportunity,  then,  of  choice  in the 
price of  board,  becomes  a  Yery  valuable  element  in 
the  advantages  offered  by  a  college,  and  such  an 
opportunity must  be  proYided  here before the  College 
can •ery largely increase in the  number  of  students. 
and the sooner this is brought about the better.  If it 
could  be  accomplished  during  the  coming term,  it 
would undoubtedly become  a  great  help  in  securing 
an increase in the size  of  the  class  which  will  enter 
next year. 

AN  APPROPRIATION  of 

'17,000  has been asked  by the 
State Board of Agricultme  for  a  school  of  mechanic 
arts at the  College,  this  being  one  of  the  conditions 
upon  which  Mr.  Willits  accepted  the  presidency. 
The  act of  Congress granting  government land as an 
endowment  by  which  the  College  was  established, 
provides that  the mechanic  arts  as  well  as  agricul 
tlue shall  be  included  in  the  course  of  instruction. 
Hence,  this will  only be fulfilling the provisions of  the 
organic law of  the College . 

The  prospects  are  now  goocl  that  the  necessary 
amount will  be  granted,  a.nd  the  department  estab 
lished and in running  order  by  the  beginning  of  the 
next college  year.  Fifty students have already prom 
ised to  enter the school next  September. 

It is  not intended that this shall in  any  way  inter 
fere  with the  agricultural  department,  but  is  simply 
a  branching out,  a  broadening of  the institution,  and 
will  be  a.n  entirely separate  school,  neither  adding to 
nor taking from  the course as  at present required. 

'l'he  shops  are  intended  to  furnish  practical  and 
educational work for  the students, three hours a  day, 
1Yitl10ut  compensation,  under the immediate supervis 
ion of  practical and ~killed workmen.  The works will 
be modeled after those  at  Worcester, 1\Iassachusetts. 
The labor performetl will be upon machines of  utility, 
anLl  not upon models,  while  the products of  the shops 
will  be  disposed of  for  the  benefit  of  the  mechanical 
school.  This  will  necessitate  the  a.ppointment  of  a 
professor  of  mechanics,  and  for  this  position,  Mr. 
Louis McLouth, at present professor of chemistry and 
physics in the  8tate Normal  School, has been selected 

12 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

J., 

should  the appropriation be granted  by the  Legisla 
ture.  For the  first  two  years  no  larger  additional 
teaching force  than this will be required, as nearly all 
the studies in the first  two  years  of  the  mechanical 
course will be found in the present  curriculum.  The 
last two  years of thP,  course,  however,  will require  an 
addition to the  faculty of  two  or three  professors,  as 
a  French and German course with several other stud 
ies will have to  be  added. 

It is  expected  that  the  t<hops,  which  will  provide 
working facilities  for fifty  students, will be situated on 
the present site of  the piggery,  and that eye-sore  will 
be removed to  a  place  south  of  the  granary.  The 
horticulture barns will probably be  removed to a  -posi 
tion somewhere in the vicinity of  the windmill. 

This department will be  a  valuable  addition to  the 
College,  and one which we  hope  soon  to  see  in  suc 
cessful operation, and  moreover,  we  hope some day to 
see it draw from the University the whole engineering 
college  and  thus  concentrate  here  all  the  industrial 
schools, where they  belong. 

,, 

1\fR. L. H . BAILEY  '82  has been  elected Professor  of 
Horticulture  to  fill  the  vacancy  occasioned  by  the 
resignation of  Prof.  Satterlee. 

The SPECULUM feels  some little pride in this appoint 
ment  as 1\Ir.  Bailey was  its  first  editor-in-chief,  and 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  paper,  he  and Mr. 
Bea.umont of  '82  being,  we  believe,  the prime movers 
in establishing  it.  The  SPECULUM  congratulates Mr. 
Bailey,  and  wishes him  a  long ancl  successful career 
in his new position . 

See our new cover! 
'85  expects to graduate thirty-two. 
Secretary Baird has ne:i.rly  recovered  from  a  severe siekness 

of some  weeks. 

Prof.  Cook has been elected president of  tho  Ingham  County 

Horticultural Society. 

Our librarian,  Mrs.  ?tlerrill,  spent tho  past winter  in the Uni 

versity library at Ann  Arbor. 

An assortment  of  new  ornamental  trees  and  shrubs  will be 

put upon  the grounds this spring. 

Some specimens  will  be  added,  by purcha>e,  to  the  Botanic 

Garden during tho coming summer. 

Thero  are  14  more  Freshmen  this  spring,  whhih  number 

makes the enro lmont or  the class 65. 

Mr.  Frank Kedzie  and  ll'Ir.  L.  G.  Carpenter  have  had  (,heir 

salaries raised  to one  thousand dollars. 

Mrs.  M. J . C.  Merrill,  '81,  our effici ent librarian,  was called  to 

mourn the death of  hor mo(,hcr,  January last. 

Houghton,  Miffiin  &  Co.  are  publishin~  a  book  for  Prof. 

Bailey.  It is a  popul11r  "Tttlk About Botany." 

The  collection wh ich  the  Botanical  Department  sont  to  the 

Centennial is now at the New  Orleans Exposition. 

The Triennial  Catalogue will be  issued  about  the lst of July 

in a  separate pamphlet from  the regular catalogue. 

We hop e  that none of our graduates will forget that the re"'u-

lar Alumni Meeting eoJ.Ues  ne:xt comrucncoment time. 

"' 

Several  illustrated  articles  on  drninago, by  Profcs  or  R.  c. 
Car penter,  have recently appeared in  the Indianapo is  Druinaooe 
kurn~ 

b 

On  Friday  c>ening, 1Jarch  l!th,  tho  Coll e~o  ~undav fchool 
gave a  social in  tho library.  All  that wo1·cl  present had· a  pleas 
ant  time. 

Some  or  the sludonts are doing volunteer work  in  tho  work 
shop this spring.  111ore  desire to  do  so  but  cannot  be  accom 
modated. 

Prof.  Cook  has imporled three flue  Shr0pshire  sheep  for  bis 
Price  pet' 

farm.  They  were  invoicotl  at  250  pounds  each. 
bead  $50. 

Hon.  H.  G.  Reynolds was not  re-appointed to  a  place on the 
"Board"  and  now the  Co:lcge has not an alumnus on its  board 
of con trol. 

A fin e  co!lcct:ou of shells nnd lavas from tho Sandwich I slands. 
wns received  for  the museum not long ago,  Miss  Helen  Norton 
being the donor. 

The openiu!l'  in  the  wall  or  Wells Hall.  caused by frost,  does 
not look very nice.  It is to bo hoped that  the  wound  will  hoal 
when its cause is removed . 

Tho stewards for the present term aro as follows:  Club  "A," 
J.  ,V,  Matthews;  "B," J.  J.  Jakway;  "O," E.  R.  Lake;  "D," 
J.  E.  Hammond;  "E," A.  L.  Nichols. 

Prof  Cook began the series or Wednesday afternoon  lectures 
on  the afternoon of i\Iarch 18th,  by presenting  a  fin e discourse; 
"Alcohol Physiolo,.: ically Considered . " 

The  members  o[  the  Senior  cla;s  chosen  Lo  dclivi>r  com 
mencem ent orations  are Bates,  Chappell,  Clark,  Dart,  Fronc!J, 
Hcm1ihill,  Hinebaugh,  and J.  D . Towar. 

A Vllry  fine  nmmonito  was received from  Dakota  for the  Col 
lege llluseum the other day.  It is  composed  entirely  or  iron 
llfr. Page,  of  t,ho  class of '84,  is the donor. 
pyrites. 

President Abbott moved to Lansing last  fall  at  the  close  of· 
the term.  H e  now d1ives out to the  College  daily.  Dr.  Grange 
and Lieut.  Lockwood  also live  in  tho city and drive  out. 

A barn and tool shop are  among the  projected  imprornmeuts 
at,  the  greenhouse.  Now  steam  works are  to bo  put in  so  as 
to economize  heat more than the prceeut systom  does. 

Hon.  C.  G.  Luce is  now  a  member  of  the  State  .Board  of 
Agriculture.  He being a promiucnt granger,  his appointment is 
desirable as it wi l bring the  Gollego  more  prominently  IJefore 
the grangers. 

Mr.  Charles  Knappen,  son-in-law  of  Sec.  BairJ,  died  from 
consumption  at Thomasville,  Ga.,  in  March, wh ere  he  had gone 
for his health.  His  wifo  and  son  8  months old,  aro  now  living 
with  her father. 

'The  Engin<.'ering  D epartment,  after  considerable  diftlculty, 
succeeded in  fill ing ono  of the large cisterns  at  the  greenhouse 
with water.  The  department now  supplies  water  at the  burns 
for  tbe use of  the s tock. 

There is a  bill before the Legislature for au  appropriat.ion  for 
bulletins containing accounts of discoveries made at the College, 
which would  be of val11e  to the people.  Th:s wa ; introduced  by 
Senator Phelp;;  of  111ecosta county. 

A large  amount of  work  !or  the  Chemical  Department has 
accumulated in the form  of the analysis of  rock  strata  encoun 
tered in the boring for  salt,  the analysis  of  marls  and ores,  the 
testing or sugars and the examination of water fot·  city supply. 
:Mr.  Knapper  now  has full  control  or  the  greenhouse. 

Ile 
has furnished  a  l aq~o number of  tlowers to the Legislature,  and 
still has  many left.  One  hundred  and firty  boquets were  fur  
ni  bed for the Govcrnnr·s Levee,  which  was held in  the  Capitol. 
According to the latest report.  we  are to  have a  bath room in 
the cast ward or  Wells  Hall,  with !our tubs. 
'J  his is something 
the stu.dents need.  Pror.  Carpenter says  bath rooms are diffi 
cult to mana;;e,  aud that is  tho only reason for  our  not  having 
them soone1-. 

Dr.  Kedzio  brought somo fine  specimens of  rock  salt crystals. 
frnm  amino  near  New  Orleans.  The  specimens  are  for  the 
spedul use of  the  Chemical  Club  for  experiments  in  r egard  to 
radiant heat.  He also  brougtt a  very  highly  polished  cube of 
Mexican onyx. 

Prof.  Harrower  eonlini10s  as  professor  during  President 
Abbott's  torm  of oftlce.  Wh en our now president,  Hon.  Edwin 
Willetts comPs,  he is to teach  tho studies  which  Prof.  Harrower 
now teaches.  Wo  regret to  see so  nblo  a  man  as  Prof.  Har~ 
rower leave  us. 

The  library has bceu  rea rrang ed  during the spring  term,  and 
the  catalogue  tltorougbly  revised;  parties  looking  for  books 
will  n uw  be ablo  to find  t !Jom  without assistance from  the libra 
rian .  Books  conti11 11c  to  disappear,  now  ouc, 
thon  another. 
Are  we carelesq, or - - ? 

Tb Pre  is  an Alumni  Album  in  the  hands  of  Prof.  Carpenter, 
An  attempt has been  made  to  mako  a  collection  of  the pictures 
'.l'hcr.i  i::;  not  y et :ill  of  the  pictures of  a  single 
of the alumni. 
tlass.  It is desired  that the alumui bring or send in their photo 
g"rnphs,  a ;  a  f1 ,ll  .. ol!ection  of  them  might  bo  of  use  to  the 
Uollege. 

,.... 
I 

TllE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

13 

The  State Board of  Agriculture.  at their  meeLing  March  2!th, 
decided to  havo  the military drill begin at  12:45  p.  m.  and  close 
at 1 :15  p.  m.  Work on  tho various departments to begin at 1 :30 
and end at 4  p.  m.  The time  for  <.!rill  is  not  thoroughly settled 
yet. but if  it works woll at ti1is  hom·  thero  will  probably  be  no 
farther change. 

In recognition o[  her efficient services  in assisting in  the care 
of  the plants  at  the greeDhouse durin"'  the past se,·ere  winter, 
the State Board of  Agriculture has  paid  l\Irs.  Knapper  100.00. 
Mrs.  Knapper  expeot::1  soon  to  make  her  long-delayed  trip to 
the East to visit  her  parents,  and also  lift".  Knapprr's  brother, 
who is Jay  Gould's  gardener at  IrviDgt1n . 

'.l'he officers  of  the  various  societies  are as  follow.- :  DELTA 
TAU  DELTA  FRATERNITY,  E .  A.  Bar tmiss,  J'res .,  and  H .  E. 
Thomn.s,  Sec'y;  PHI  DELTA  THE'rA  FRATERNITY,  c.  H.  Hoyt, 
Pres., and P .  B.  Woodworth,  Sec'y;  ECLECTIC  SOCIETY,  H.  T. 
French,  Pres .•  and  G.  M.  VanAttn,  Sec'y;  UNION  LITERARY 
SOCIETY,  G.  C.  Lawrence,  Pres., and  Claire  Waldron,  Sec'y. 

L.  H .  Bailey, Jr., class 'tl2,  now occupies  the  chair of  Horti 
culture  and Land.; cape  Gardening.  in  place of  Prof.  Satterle' , 
"·hose resignatien  was noted in  the last SPECULUM.  P1 or.  Bai 
ley and family  have  moved  into tho  new  house for the professor 
or Horticulture.  Prof.  13ailey  was  a  brillinnt student  while at 
College.  He  was  the  first  editor-in-chief of  the  SPECULUM. 

Dr.  Real has ad,led considerably to  th  collection of  forestry. 
Slabs of trees showing  bark  and  wood  have  been  added,  and 
pieces of the same  species uf  different  streno-th,  ns  brittle  and 
tough  hicko ry .  There has  been  inclurled,  also,  sections  show 
ing defects in  logs,  besides numerous monstrnsitios in  the  form 
or crotches, guar:s,  wood  affected  by insects,  and  wood affected 
by fungi .  Dr.  Btial iutends to mak11  severnl  trips  to  tho  not th 
during the term with a  Yiew  to obtaining more specimens. 

On  the evonin11:  of  Nov.  16th,  the students  And  faculty  1mth 
ered in  the Library, where  they presented to President and }frs. 
Abbo t ,  as  a  token  of  their  regard,  a  fine  silver  tea  service. 
t:lecret:1ry  Baird made the  presentation  speech  expressing  tho 
l·egard  and 11ppreciation  which  both  students  and  faculty  felt 
for President  Abbot's services,  and  their regret  on  account  of 
his resignation.  PresidenL  Abbot  very  feelingly  responded  in 
behalf of Mn:;.  Abbot and himself. 

Dr.  Kedzie  has recently  been tu New  Orleans for  the purpm:;o 
or attending  the meeting of the  Sanitary  Counc l  of  the  ~l bsis ­
sippi  Valley. 
In  the  council  he  was  chosen  chairman of 
the  committee  tu  formulate  methods  of  quarantine  and  the 
cooperation  of  heallh  authorities  of  the  l'llississippi valley,  to 
secure the exclnsion  o[ Asiatic  cholera  and  yellow  fever  from 
1he  South  and  West,  and  to  limit  its  spread  in  ca5e  of  an 
iuYasion  of either  of  these  f.•roign  epidemics.  Ho  also  took 
occasion  to vL;it the World's Exposilion. 

The  greeuhouse  10oks particula .. ly  fine  this spri 1g.  N<>nfl  of · 

the plauM  were  affected  by  the  extremely cold  weathe1·  last 
winter.  EYery  plant  looks bright  and  healthy.  The roses are 
doing  exceedingly  well.  The  flower  bulbs  received from  Jay 
Gou ld's  conservatory  have  spronted.  nicely. 
]\fr.  Knapper 
thinks that  he  has the  finest  lot  of  carnations in  this country. 
There are also  some very  fine  foliage  plants whi<'h  visitors try 
in vain  to  buy.  Various garden  soetls arc being tested in  a  sys 
temalic  way.  The results of  the  te:;t~ will  be  published  in  due 
time. 

L  G.  Carpenter,  assistant  in  mathematics,  at  the  request of 
Pres't  Ingersoll  of  the  Colorado  Agricultural  College,  spent a 
portiou  of  thll  winier  vacation  at  that  institution,  acting  as 
prorPs:;0r  of  mathematics  and  engineering  until  the  vacancy 
could  Le  permanently  filled.  Ho  spent  some  time  examining 
the irrigation  system  of  the  state, a.ad  took  an  extended trip 
through the  mountains  and  the  famous  caDyons  of  Colorndo, 
visiting the  gold  Hncl  silver  mining  regions.  On  his  return he 
visited  the  state  agricultural  colleges  of  Kansas,  Illinois,  and 
Indiana. 

Dr.  Beal has been laboring on  his book at grasses this winter. 
He has the popular part nearly  finished.  There  will  be  given 
in  the book a  description of abJut eight hundreJ spec:cs  of  the 
grasses of  North America. 

"Dr. Beal does well to sav that books are an aid  in  the study 
and not the  proper sou: oe o·f  knowledge at  all.  One  examina: 
tion  of a  p!ant will  teach  more  tha·1  the  perusal  of  firty  books. 
Every st:udent of  Botany  mriy  profit  by  taking  counsel  or  Dr. 
Beal. "-London Gardenenl .Mcigazine.  This is one of  the many 
flattering  newspaper  notices  of  Dr.  Baal's  es.;ay  THE  NEW 
BOTANY . 

The following  members or  the faculty at.tendetl  farmers' insti 
tuie5 during  the  winter:  J..in  12th aud 13th, at Plymouth, Prof. 
Cook,  Dr.  Beal,  Pr" f.  lllacEwan,  and  Mr. F.  S.  Kedzie;  Jan. 
15th  and  16Lh,  at  Flushing,  Prof.  Carpenter,  Prof.  Johnson, 
Secret11ry  Baird.  aad  Dr.  Kedzie; 
Jan .  19th  and  20th, 
at  Alb'on,  Dr.  Beal,  Prnf.  Johnso:i,  Prof.  L'arpl.lnter,  and 

Secretary Baird;  Jan.  20th  and  21st,  at  Paw  Paw,  Prof. l'llac 
Ewan,  President  Abbot,  Dr.  Grange,  and  Prof.  Johnson;  Jan. 
21st and  22nd  at  l\Ianchoster,  Prof. Johnson,  Prof.  Uook,  Dr. 
Grange,  and Mr.  ~·.  S.  Kedzie;  Jan. 21st  and  22d  at Monroe, 
Dr. Kodzie,  Dr.  Granger,  President Abbot,  and  Mr.  L. G.  Car 
peDter. 

A new  feature  of  the  Hort:cultural  Department  will  be  the 
fruit garden,  to be  loeated  on the  dry  and  warm  knoll  east of 
the farm  house,  and extending to  the  apple orchard.  This gar. 
den  will  comprise four acres.  It will be  surrounded by a  wind· 
break of  evergreen and deciduous  trees. 
Ir, this garden will be 
tested  all  tho  hartlier  blackberries,  raspberries,  and  cherries; 
also currants,  gooseberries,  strawberries,  whortleberrios,  Rus 
sian apricots, Russian  apples,  Japanese peaches  11nd  pear  and 
other fruits.  An  attempt  will  also  be  made  to  grow  some  of 
the more  promising uf  our  wild  fruits.  It is  expected that the 
supply of  small fruits for  the col!Pge  tables will soon be derived 
from  this garden.  The Board or  Agriculture  has granted Prof. 
Bailey the  use of  means to carry on these Pxpel·imonts. 

The College  now has  a  Prores-or  of  Military  Sc:ence  in  the 
person  of  Second  Lieutenant  J .  A.  Lockwood,  17th  U.  S. 
Infantry .  Lieut.  Lockwood  seems to be the man for the place. 
He was appointed  Second Lieutenantfrnru ciYil life in 1880, after 
passing an  examination  at  the  head  of  twelve  who  were  also 
candidates for commissions.  He  has  seryod  with his  regiment 
in Dakota and l\Iontana.  He graduated in  the  clas3  of 'tl3 from 
the  U.  S.  Infantry  and  Cavalry  School  for  Otticers  at  Fort 
Leavenworth,  Kansas,  and was chosen  by tho  "Board ''  for his 
present  position,  on  the  recommendation  of  Gen. P.  II.  Shed 
dan.  At present Lieut.  J,ookwood is  drilling a  squad of  Seniors 
in one or the class-rooms.  Aft11r  the weather  becomes  endura 
lile  outside it is intended that these  Seniors will assist in  drilling 
the remainder of  the  students.  Lieut.  Lookwootl  advises  the 
adoption  of  a  neat  and  sorvicable  uniform  by  ihe  students; 
because an uniform is essential  to  a  well  conducted  drlll,  and; 
because mt  uniform  tend&  to  cultivate  habits  of  neatness  and 
soldit·rly  bearing. 

Rt>solut:ons  adopted  by '87  on  the marriage  or  llfr.  St.  .John : 
Whe reas,  Erwin  :St.  John  has  knowingly  broken  one  or  the 
most sacred  ru les or  the  class '87,  and in  a  willful and  pr.•medi-
'  t.i.ted  manner,  without  the  authority  of  the  class  or the advice 
of  a  singlo"Inember  Lhereor,  has  taken to  himself a  wife,  there  
fore  bo it  Resolved,  that  we,  the  class  of  '87,  do  extend to our 
unfortunate  brother  our deepest  and  most  heartfelt sympathy. 
Resolved  that  if  ever  in  the  futnro  further  misfortune  shall 
come  upon  him,  he  be  requested  to  a1Jply  to  the  class  for  a 
name.  Resolved,  that he be  requeste I  to forward immediately 
to the secretary  of  the  class  tho  picture of  the  aforesaid  wife. 
Resolved,  that  on  theso  condit'ons  only  he shall be  pardoned 
for  tho  deed,  and  further  Resolved,  that  ii  he faiis  to comply 
with  these conuitioas he  shall be haunted  by the first  flve  mem 
bers  of  the  class  who  shall  pass  in  their  checks,  Resolved, 
that these resolut.ions  be  spread  upon  the  minutes of  the class, 
aad a  copy duly  signed  by  each  member  of  ihe  class  be for 
warded to  the  aforesaid  St.  John,  and  a  copy be  published in 
the  UOLLEGE  SPECULUM.  H.  s.  Chapin,  Pres't,  E.  w.  Rod 
man,  Sec'y. 

:11.lcCreery  and  Mr.  Chamberlain. 

'.l'he bill for  the appropriations  for  the  College  has passed the 
"House" with  the exception of $5,000 for drill  rnom  and  arm 
ory,  and  $1,500  for  the  Zoological Department.  The  bill  is  in 
charge  of  Col. 
From 
reports, it is very certain that the bill will  pass the Senate with 
out having  any  fal'ther  reduction.  As  the  bill  now  stands  it 
calls for  about  53,000. 
'17.000 is for a mechanical department, 
of which  $ I 0. 000  is for the work shop,  4  000  for professor's sal 
ary,  and  3,000 for residence.  Prnf.  L.  M.  McLouth,  professor 
of Chemistry and Physics in  the  State  'ormal  School  at  Ypsi 
lanti,  will take tho  position of  Professor  of  l\Jechanics. 
It  is 
Intended to make a  full  course for  those who  take  the  work  in 
mechanics.  The work in  the shop  will  n  t  be  remunerated, as 
it wiLI  be entirely educational.  The student taking  this  course 
will not take the lectures  in  Agriculture  and  Horticulture,  and 
perhaps  other  studies,  but  will  take  Drawing-,  Mechanics,  and 
Calculus.  Thu> there will  be two  distinct  courses  at  the  Uol 
lege,  and  probably  the  number  of  students  will  be  1?reatly 
increased .  It is to  be hoped  that the  bill for  thi~  apprnpriatiou 
will pnss.  if nothing  else  does.  The  estimate  for  tho  Veteri 
nary  Hull  was girnn in  our last is  ue. 

Tho  extreme  cold  weather  just  before  the  open:ng  of  the 
term,  prowd  too  much  for  tho  sL .. am  pipes  in  Williams  Hall. 
It is tho custom in  order to Have  expense lo shut st.;am off from 
tho bu:Jdings during  t.he winter  vacation.  On  turniDg steam  on 
a  few  clays  bl'fore  the  term  ope1111d  all  the  buildings  heated 
In  that build:ng  the  eold  was 
nicely excepting- \Vi.Iiams Hall. 
su intense as to  condense thfl  water  and fn'eze  it,  breaking tho 
pipes in several places in tho bnsemeut and in !our rooms occupied 
by  students.  By  C"mploying  seVL"r.il  men  11nd  working  uight 

14 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

J 

and day,  the  engineering  department  was not  able  t '.> got the 
rooms into a fairl y comfortable condition by th e first of  the term, 
but  did  all  that  was  possib'.e ' under  th e  circumstances.  The 
extreme cold  weather has made it exceedingly  difficult Lo  prop 
erly  heat  the  buildings.  Professor  Carpenter  says  thi3  is 
largely  owing  to  the  rickety  condition  of  tho  windows.  The 
rooms that  are  not open  to  every  breeze  that  blows am, with 
few  exceptions,  comfortable at  all  Limes.  As  it  is  complaint of 
cold rooms has not been made by  more than ten students.  The 
en:iineer,  Mr.  James 'Wiseman,  is  giving general  saLisfact:on, 
and is attending  to all  repairs  of  steam  works  very promptly. 
The amount  of  work  and  anxiety  occasioned  the  engineering 
department by the cold  weather  is difficult  to realize.  Despite 
the 1111precedentcd cold weather the buildings are heated as well 
this spring as ever before.  Professor Carpenter says, however, 
that he will not be satisfied  until n,U  the  rooms are  warm  during 
hours when steam i&  on. 

'.rhe experimental  feeding  of  s '. ock  at  the college, during tho 
past winter,  was carried on with a  view  to  determine how much 
flesh  could  be  laid on  with a  given amount  of  food.  Grain fed 
consisted of  corn  and  oats in  proportion of  2 - 1,  bran  and  oil 
meal.  The greatest  gain was  made  by a  thornughbred  short 
horn  steer 20  months old.  Average  daily  ration,  11.74  tbs.  of 
grain, and 15.55  tbs.  hay.  Average  gain  per day  during period 
of  three  months was  3.35  Ths.  A thoroughbred  Ayrshire steer 
was fed  the same ration  and  made an  average gain of  2.64  tbs. 
per day.  A  thoroughbred  Short-Horn  cow,  and  o.  cross-bred 
Short-Horn  and  Go.lloway,  were  fed  equal  amounts  in  daily 
rations  as follows:  Grain,  13.59  tbs.;  hay,  18. 97  tbs.;  gaining 
respectively 1.85  Ths.  and 1.84 lbs. per day.  A thoroughbred Jer 
sey steer was fed  a  daily ration of grain 9,78 Jb>.  hay 11.06  Ths., 
and made a  gain of 1. 94  tbs. per day.  Two lots or pigs were fed; 
one cooked food,  and one uncooked  food.  Lot 1 fed cooked meal 
gained 1  lb.  for every 4.62  tbs.  of  food  consumed.  Lot  2  fe  l 
meal which was  soaked  from 8 to 12  hours in  cold  water, Kained 
1  Th.  for every 4. 71  lbs.  of  food  consumed.  Two lots  of  s!1eep 
were  also  fed  for  a  period  of  two  months  to determine  how 
much hay a  sheep would consume.  For lot 1 five  Merinos were 
selected .  Lot 2  fi1·e  Southclowns were taken .  First  month lot 
1 consumed  9.9 l:bs.  of  hay  per day,  with  a  slight loss in  weight. 
Lot 2 consumed 9.8  lbs. per  dn,y  with  a  similar  result.  Second 
month each lot consumed 12. 7 Ths.  of  hay per  d'ly,  with  a  gain 
of  6  lbs.  in  each  lot,  or  an  average  of  1. 2 lbs.  per  head .  Cut 
hay  was  fed  in  every  instance.  A  report.  of  experiments  in 
detail will  be published  suon. 

FARM  DEPARTl\IENT.-Last fall  at the Fat Stock  Show,  Prof. 
Johnson purchased for the college herd,  fi~·e  head  of  well  bred 
cows and  heifers.  The Rose  of  Sharon  was  bred  bv  Geo.  Fox 
of Elmshurst  Hall,  England.  Victoria  7lst  is  fron'1  the  cele 
brated  Cruikshank herd,  of  Syltiton,  Scot'and.  These are very 
superior specimens.  Prof.  Johnson thinks that  the  college has 
as good a  RosJ of  Sharon cow as there is in  this  country.  The 
third one of the  purchase  is  a  fine  young  Mary  cow,  Jonnie 
Baldwin.  She has taken several  first  premiums  at  State fairs. 
The other two are  a  Princess  and  a  Phyllis  heifer. 
'.rhree  of 
these have drnpped calves since they  were  brought  to the  Col 
lege,  thus making quite a  fine  addition  to the  College Herd. 

Two  short-horn  heifer3,  a  Victoria  Duche~s and  a  Rose  of 
Sharon,  were lately sold from  the Colloi<e  Herd to  E.  L.  McKee, 
of the class of  'SL. 
Prof.  Johnson  remarks  th it  lilac.  seems 
bound to have good  cattle. 

The st?ck has been cared  for,  during  the  past  w:nter,  in  a 

very des1rnble  manner  br  H.  T.  French,  of '85. 

The day of the  Short-Horn sa!e  was  fair  and  the  attendance 
was good .  Mr. J. A.  i\lann, of Detroit,  was the  auctioneer.  He 
disposed  of  tho stock  quickly  and  satisfactorily.  At 10 a .  m. 
eight head  of  swine  were  sold,  at  an  average price of $13.50'. 
At 11 :30  a.  m.,  ab out 200 men wern served with lunch at the farm 
house.  At 1 p.  m.,  the  sa!e  of  cattle  began.  Tho  26  head  of 
Short-Homs sold at an average of  "'112.50.  The  total  receipts 
of  the  sale,  including  fat cattle and  Jerseys W<LS  $3,418.  Col 
lege .Peri  Duchess 2d,  sold for  240  to  Hon.  John  C  Sharpe of 
Jackson.  Colle6e Duchess sold for  230,  to C.  G.  & J. R. Learned 
of Port Austin. 
'.rhese were the highest bids .  1\Jr. J.  C.  Sharpe 
bought four other head,  and  the  Messr<i.  L earned  three other;. 
These  were  the  heaviest  buyers  at  the  sale.  Hercules 2d,  a 
fine  young Harri•'t  bull,  one year  old,  was  sold  for  ~175 to  S. 
Barnard of  Ypsilanti.  Hora.lio  4th,  another  Harriot bull  con 
siderably less than a  year old,  was sold for  125. 
'.rhe stodk was 
well distributed through  the  State.  A  few  head  went  out  of 
the State to Dakot.a.  The fat stock was sold  to !."reel  Bert.ch  a 
butcher of Lansing.  This stoc-k  was  that  fed  in  the  Expe;·i 
mental Barn and was in  very  fine  condition.  Governor  Alger, 
Ex-Cougressman Horr, ·and  lllayor E5t<Lbrook  of  Sag-inaw  hon 
ored the sale by their presence.  This sale  was  not for  Lhe  pur 
po 3e  of closing out tho  Short-Horns,  but to dispose of  the  sur-

plus  animals-nearly  all  of  them  young.  RepresentatiYes  of 
ever.v family  offered will be retn,ined  for  breeding  on  tho  farm. 
Tho  Staie  Board of  Agriculture has in  contemplation,  the  hold 
ing of an  nnnual or biennial e.alo,  at which  the  surplus  stock  of 
Urn  farm shall be offered.  They belie1·e  that  in  this  way  the 
State  Farm  may  contribute,  most  successfully perhaps,  in  the 
good work of distributing animals of  appro1•ed lilood  among the 
farmers of  thCJ  State. 

RESOLUTIONS  ON  THE  DEATH  OF  LYMAN  A.  Ross -Where 
as,  in  tbo midst  of  tho cordial  greetings of  brothers  and class 
mates after our return from tho loug winter vacation, we are called 
upon  t o  mo .1rn 
tho  sad  and  early death  of  our  former fellow 
student,  Lymtui  A.  Ross;  who,  l'•hen  a  student.  wo.s  identified 
with  every  active  movement;  an  acknowledged  leader in  ath 
letic sports;  a  jovial and  h Party friend,  and a  true and  faithful 
student.  And, therofore,  desiring to  express  our appreciation 
of  his  merits,  and  also  from  the  many  suggestions  of  class 
mates and loving  friends,  all  intent to  contribute  something to 
that wreath with  which our affections desire  to crown  bis  mem 
ory,  we,  the  undersigned ,  committee  appointed  by the  Stu  
dents'  Organization,  do,  at  this  our earliest  opportunity,  sub 
mit the following  ro!iolutions: 

Resolved,  That  in  the  death of  Lyman  A.  Ross,  we  sustain 
the loss of  a  friend  whom  we  had  all  hoped  to g-reet  again in 
the halls of  ou1·  coll••ge,  and extend the same heartfelt welcome 
as we  were wont to do in  Lho happy times when  he, as a student, 
was among us. 

Reso!l•ed,  That his ll'Ltive  town  loses  a  zealous and ;inergetio 
younp;  man,  and the family  or  which  he was a  member a  loving 
and  affectionate  son  and  brother,  who  promised, in  time,  to be 
an  honor to their name. 

Resolved,  That  wo,  students  of  tho  Michigan  Agricultural 
College,  unite  in  extendiqg  our  sincere  and  heart'.  It sympa 
thies to  the  family  and  friends  of  the  deceased,  in  this  their 
hour  of  affliction. 

R ~ solved,  That  these  resolutions  be publbhcd  in  our org~n, 
the  l:.PECULUM,  and  a  copy  fJrwarded  to  the  family  of  our de. 
parted fellow-student. 

J.  K  HAMMOND, 
C.  F.  SCHNEIDER, 
E.  lt. LAKE, 

(  Committee. 
) 

t 

Ross.- TVhei·eas, 

It hai;;  pleased  an  Allwise  Providence  to 
remove  by  the  relentless  hand  of  death,  our highly esteemed 
and beloved c·assmate, Lyman A. Ros6;  'l'herefore be 'it Resolved, 
That while we  bow  with  reveren ·o  to  God's immutable law,  we 
deeply mourn our  sad loss,  and  shall eve1· cherish  his memory. 
Resolved,  That in  the death of our late clasemate we  have  lost 
one of our mostworlhy members; his native city a valuable citizen, 
and bis family  a  kind and affectionate son and  brother;  and  that 
·we as a  ch1ss  deeply  sympathize  with  his  family  in  this  their 
deep afflction,  and  would  also  extend  to  them  that  sympathy 
and consolation  whi::h warm  !warts can give  who  feel  that tbeil' 
sorrow is ou1·  sorrow and  their  loss our loss.  Re11olvecl.  That 
a  copy of these resolutions be forwarded to the bereaved family, 
and  presented  to  our  college paper for  publication. 

A.  L.  NICHOLS, 
W.  A.  KINNAN, 
T.  0.  STANLEY, 

Committee . 

HORTICULTURAL  DEPARTMENT.-1he  plum  trees  by  the 
President's  house  have  suffered  from  t"to  severe winter.  The 
general  fruit  proopecLs are  poor. 

Th ~ Professor of  llol'ticulture hag  selected llfr. Chas. S.  Cran. 
dall, of the class  of  '73,  for  foreman  of  the  departmellt.  Mr. 
Crandall has  entered  upon  his dutit>S.  He  is  n,  pl'actical  gar 
dener,  and the depal'tment will  no  doubt profit  by his labors. 

The old g 1rden office  in  the basement of College Hall has bzen 
enlar•7 ed and  refitted,  so as to  form  a  tempornry  office  for  the 
Professor of Horticulture and the foreman. 

For the  fil'st  time,  the bot-beds lmve  been construct"<!  in  tho 
ve~olable garden, where they  a.re  protected by a  tight fence  on 
tho  north and we::.t. 

Among  the  experiments c:>ntomplated  by  the  Ho1 ticultural 
Department are the  testing  of  n ew  varieties  of  small  fruits, 
experiments  with  nn,tive  wild  frnits  as  stouks  fol'  cultivated 
sorts,  and  investigat.ions  in  regard  to  cross-fertiliz~tion  and 
hybridizing.  Opportunities will  be  given students to prosecute 
educational labor in  the garden and  orchard. 

NATURAL  HrsTORY.-At  the  meeting  held  }larch  13th,  Dr. 
Beal ga,·e o.  little  talk. on  the  'lassical  question,  "Does  Chess 
grow  on  Whent?"  The  Dt'.  read  some  extracts  from  recent 
newspaper"  which  dedared  that  chess  doei;;  grow  on  wheat 
sometimes.  He then  explained how sp:klets of chess sometimes 
become lodged in  a  head of wheat, and showed specimens.  He 
prepared some of  these himse lf and  aid  they  bea.t  any  that  he 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

15 

had eYer  received through tho  mail,  because they wero  made in 
a scientific  manner. 

Mrs .  Menill road  a  paper on  ";\'fold ."  She described some or 
the man v  fantastic forms  of mold, and  illustrated  her  paper by 
means or diagrams.  bJold is  much  more  common  thau  many 
imp pose. 

Prof.  Bailey  made  a  few  remarks  on  the  winter  killing  of 
plants.  He states Lhat  the winter killing ie  not from  the burst 
ing of the cells by the frost  as  manr  suppose,  bnt  from  somo 
other cause not yet known.  He  has  experimented  with  house 
plants by freezing  them  stiff,  and  with  these  tender  plants  he 
could find  no cells ruptured.  He said that the  center of  a  fruit 
bud is often killed  while  the remainder of the bud is not injured. 
He  was unable  to  determine whether the pietil or  stamens  were 
destroyed in  this case,  but thought it was the pistil.  The effect 
of severe freez:ng  upon  the  plant  is  to  render  the  oe l  walls 
flaccid,  allowing the liquid contents of  the  cell  to ooze  out into 
the internellular spaces.  In  these interoellular  spaces  the  sap 
comes in  contact with air  and  becomes  oxidized, causing  it  to 
assume the sore b1 own color  which is  characteristic  of  winter 
killed  branches.  In the case of  herbaceous shoots,  the lessening 
of  the turgidit~· of the cells from  the oozing out of  the cell  con 
tents,  causes the  collapse of the cell walls,  and  the  consequent 
wilting of  the shoot.  With  the  exception  o[  apples  and  sour 
cherries,  the  fruit  upon  the College  premises is badly injured . 

Prof.  Cook presented a  paper  on  the  winter  killing  of  bees. 
He  has received  numerous  specimens  of  bees  from  apiaries in 
this State and  New  York,  whe1·E1  a  great  many  bees  have  died . 
On exnmiuing these bees he  found  pollen  grains  in  their intes 
tines. and  there was a  peculiar  offensive  odor.  He  examined 
healthy  bees from  the  College apiary and found no pollen grains 
in  the alimentary cannl.  Hb theory in  regard  to  the  matter is 
that pollen grains contain  much  matter  which  the  bee  cannot 
digest,  and  as the bee will  not  soil  its  hive,  the  effete  matter 
remains in  the alimentary canal,  causing  irritation  and disease. 
When  the  we11ther  is  severe,  the  bees  being  diseased,  suc 
cumb to it.  The bees in the  College  apiary  arc  supplied  with 
cane sugar  in  the  fall  and  thus  have  no pollen grains in  their 
food.  This  probably  accounts  in  a  measure  for  their being 
healthy, while others are dying from dysentery, not cold.  Some 
bees received from  l\Jr.  James  Heddon  were  dead,  which  had 
been fed  entirely on cane sugar syrup.  These. however, showed 
no  signs  of  diarrhea,  but  the  syrup  in  the  intestines  \Yasso 
entirely undigested that  it was  wholly  unchanged in  taste  and 
odor.  These  bees had,  without doubt,  frozen  to dealh. 

bl r.  Doolittle or New  York,  had sent  bees  said  to  have  been 
fed  in  the  same  way.  But  these  l·ees  had  died  o!  diarrhea. 
The microscope s.howed  bacteria  in  the  feces of  all  these  bees, 
pollen grains in  some of them, while Dr.  Kedzie found  abundant 
nitrogen in  the excreta of  those which  showed  no  pollen  husks 
or 1?rains. 
l\Jr.  Doolittle states that  these  bees  were  breeding 
Jn  Febrnary.  Bees cannot breed  without pollen or other nitro 
genous food.  The conclusion  is that a  warm  uniform  tempera  
t ure of about 45°  F.  about the hives,  and food  of  pure  carbohy  
drates is necessary to winter bees in  our northern states. 

'.l.' 11 i,;  ELiitor of  this  Department uesires the earnest co.opera lion of 
the alumni in aiding him  to  fill  these  columns with  Interesting  ilems. 
Give occ1q1ation since  grnduntion, what offices  held, whether  married 
or not, etc.  Let this receive prompt attention from every a l umnus. 

B.  S.  Palmer,  of '81,  is dentist at  Paw Paw. 
R.  J .  Coryell of '84,  is teaching in  St.  Clair county. 
J.  W.  Beaumont, of '82,  is  practicing  law at Chicago. 
C.  F.  Lindslay,  of '83,  is school inspector at Highland. 
J.  D . Hill,  of '84,  is teaching school at Montpelier,  Ohio. 
L.  J.  Gibson,  of '84,  is in  charge of the schools at Lyons. 
L.  K.  Woodman,  wilh'  4,  runs a  roller rink  at Paw Paw. 
Will  Shelden wilh,  '83,  is marrleJ and farming  at Climax. 
L.  A.  Potter i; physician and druggist at Altoona,  Dakota. 
R.  Lillie,  '70,  is likely  to  be  postmaster at Coopersville,  Mich. 
D.  C.  Postle is  manufacturing drain  tile at  Lillie  Chappell,  0. 
E. E.  Vance, of '84,  is working  his  father's  farm  near  Ionia. 
Willis Liesenring, 'Si,  teaches near Bangor, VanBuren county. 
Charles  B.  Long,  or  '83,  is  married  and  teaching  at  West 

Leroy. 

T.  B.  Cressey,  is  running  for  Regent  on  the  Prohibition 

ticket. 

F. A. Sessions of '71,  is  still cnsl1ier or  the First Nalional  ba11k 

of Ionia. 

\ 

Richard Hargh,  of '69,  is manager of Bowen's clothing store at 

Paw Paw. 

Sherman Upton,  of  '81,  has gone  into  the  hardware business 

in  Vakota. 

W.  H  Bristol, 0nce with '84.,  has been prospecting in  Texas the 

past winter. 

C.  S.  Park, with '82, graduated at the Detroit Medical College, 

March,  1884. 

E.  P.  Claik,  of '83, has been teaching the past winter at White 

City,  Kansas. 

Thomas McEwen,  with '71,  has  a  nice  home and is dCJing  well 

at Bancroft, Mich. 

R.  M.  Brooks.  with  '73,  sold  hiil  farm  at  Wacousta and has 

returned  to Ashier. 

R.  D.  and  W .  Jay  Sess:ons,  of  '77  and '71  respectively,  are 

farming at Lebanon. 

W.  V.  Sage, of '84, has been leaching near his home at Gobles. 

ville the past winte1-. 

W.  S.  Kedzie, '83,  has bought a  farm or 40  acrns ne111·  Brecken 

ridge,  Gratiot county. 

A.  J.  Chappell,  of  '82, is  te.1ching  his  second  yoar  at  West 

vi:le,  Montcalm county. 

W.  D.  Barry,  of '84,  is  sa'esman  for  tho  Mutual  Union Tea 

Co.,  or  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Prnf.  Satterlee,  '69, has  received  a  clerkship  in  the  Board of 

Health office  i•1  Lansing. 

G.  E.  Kedzie, of '73,  is mayor of  tho  mining  town of  Chihua 

hua,  Summit county,  Col. 

M.  S.  and W.  L.  Thomas of '79  and  '80  respectively, are mar 

ried  ' nd farming  in D,lkota. 

C.  P.  Gillett of '84,  is taking a  poilt graduate course under the 

i'lstruction of  Professor  Co:>k. 

H .  A.  Haigh's book  on  Farm  Law  will  be  published  in  two 

months by W.  S.  George &  Co. 

J.  J . Tob:as, a  student  in  '81,  wn.s  manied  March  25th,  lf85, 

to Miss  Mattie Foster, Meridian. 

H.P. Jenny,  of '74, is  teaching his second year at Jeddo.  He 

ls married and  hns  two children. 

Prof.  Harrower,  after  leaving  College  in  July,  contemplates 

s.pend ng a  year or two in  Europe. 

E .  J .  Rawson,  of '78,  is  buying  grain  and  seeds  at  D.!catur, 

He served one term as township clerk. 

E .  J.  FletchPr, of  '83,  spE1nt  the  past  winter  in  Washington, 

but returns to his  Minnesota farm  soon. 

Miss Alice Johnson,  of '84,  taught school the  past  winter  and 

expects to  teach  the coming summer. 

J.  L .  l\Jauricc,  of '73,  was elected  treasurer of  Emmet county, 

the only Republican  elected in  the county. 

A.  C.  Bird,  of '83, ls teaching in  St.  Clair  oo;.mty.  He takes a 

position in  a  bank at Flint the  1st of  May. 

Pror.  Dickey of  Albion,  once a  student  of  the College,  has an 

appropriation of $50 ,000  for his department. 

T .  E.  Dryden,  of the class of '80, is prospering in the hardware 

bu ·iness of  the firm  of Dryden  &  Son,  at Allegan. 

Jason Woodman,  '81,  is  managing- a  fine  two  hundrerl  acre 

farm  at Paw Paw,  Mich.  He has a wife and baby. 

Prof. W.  W. Daniels is Professor of Chemistry atthe Wisconsin 

University.  He visited the  College the past winter. 

C.  A. Smith,  with '81,  ls  assistant  surgeon  in  the  Wabash R. 

R.  hospital at St.  Louis.  Mo.,  on $1,800 a  year and  board. 

W.  M.  Cline,  with '82,  is State senator from  his district.  He 

is a  lawyer of the firm of  Chadwick  &  Cline  of  Port Huron. 

S.  Crissey,  with  '73,  is  train  dispatcher  on  the  Mackinaw 

division of the  Michigan  Central,  with his  office at Bay City. 

Charles Baker,  of '84,  is at home  doing  chores,  and  trying to 

eam money enough to get back to the college  next August. 

IV.  H. Burgess, of  '81  (of  Ann  Arbor,  '84),  is  at  Port  Huron 

wa:ting to find  a  place  to  locate.  He expects to  go to Idaho. 

A.  W .  Page,  Jr.,  is in business with  his brother at Broadland, 

Dakota.  Ho is not married as reported in  the last SPECULUM. 

H. A.  Danvill~, of '83,  taught  school  near  Grand  Ledge  last 
winter.  He returns to Dakota this  spring  to  a: tend  to his  land 
claims. 

H.  D.  Luce,  of '84,  clerked for a  time  in  his  brother-in  law's 
store, general merchandise,  in northern Indiitna.  He is  now  a 
partner. 

Arthur Jones,  of '81,  reoeived  seVt're  internal  injuries from  a 
'ge  is  now  with  his  people  in 

fall  at Muskegon  last winter. 
Lansing. 

1G 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

E.  F. L ·1w  of '83,  has been teaching in  St. Clair couuty Lhe  past 
winter.  He soon  returns  to  Marlette  to  attend  to  surveying 
business. 

W.  H.  F.iller,  four years  county  treasurer of,  Otsego  county, 
was found  short in  his accounts,  but  made  it  up  with  his own 
property. 

.r.  E .  Coulter,  of  '82,  has disc0nLinued  his charge of the wheat 
ranch at SLephen, Minn., and is now station agent at Calumet, in 
the upper  peninsula. 

Fred  Hodges,  '84,  who  is  now  a  student  f1  om  the  Chicago 
Medical  College,  is taking a  post graduate  in  chemistry  at  the 
Agricultural College. 

Prof.  F.  A.  Gulley, of 'G  , of the Mississippi Agricultural  Col 
lege,  will  visit  the  New  Orleans  Exposition  with  about  200 
students of Lhe  colle,Je. 

~ 

H.  Bamber, of '8( has  b 0 en  assistant  engineer  on,;Good  Let 
No.  8,  Monongahela River  Improvement.  He  lately visited bis 
home at  Highland,  Mich. 

A.  W .  Troupe,  '81,  is  practicing  medicine  at  Springport  and 
ls doing finely.  He  was  marrieJ  Nov.  18,  1884,  to  Miss  Carrie 
Sloan of West Windsor. 

J.  M.  Hollingsworth,  '82,  is  in  Sheridan  at  presAnt,  but  has 
rented  the  farm  of  Geo:·ge  Stanton  and  will  mo1' e  on  the 
farm when  spring opens. 

W.  \.Y.  Palmer.  of '81,  is  unmarried, and stock ra'sing in Iowa. 
W.  W.  and B.  S.  Palmer were called home during the winter by 
the death of  their mother. 

F.  C.  S 1yder,  "82,  has been lecturing  in  Montcalm county for 
the county  grange.  He  teaches  near  his  home,  Greenville, 
when not otherwise engaged. 

W . E .  Hale, of '82,  is still farming  at  E•tton  Rapids.  He  has 
not yet entere1  the  matrimonial state,  but says  he  is  going  to 
get married as soon as he can. 

The  SPECULUM  editor visited  H.  W.  ·Meeker some time since. 
Honnoc  has a  pleasa.nt home and a  fine  farm,  and is  very hap 
pily situated near  Olivet,  .Mich. 

A.  E. Smith,  of '81,  grnduated  last year from  the  RtH;h  med 
ical college,  Chicago.  He has not yet located but is visiting his 
wife's people at Belmont,  N.  Y. 

Professional papers of the  Signal Service,  No.  XIV,  consist  of 
charts of relative storm frequency for  a  portion of  the  northern 
hemisphere,  by John P.  Finley,  of  '73. 

George Antisdalo,  with '85,  is at his home at Nyack, N.  Y.  He 
was obliged  to  leave Cornell  University  la.;t  fall  on  acwunt  of 
sickness, and has been unable  to return. 

Dr.  C.  E.  Bessey,  of '69, has entered upon  the work of his  new 
profession in the Nebraska University.  Ho is Professor of Bot 
any and Dean of tho Agricultural Faculty. 

A.  W.  :Mather,  of  '83,  taught  school  near  Battle  Creek  tHe 
past winter.  He  returns  to Esler,  Stutsman  oounly,  Dakota, 
where he  is  perfecting a  land olaim  or 480  acres. 
~ F.  J. Annis,  '75,  Fort Collins,  Col  , is a  member of  the firm  of 
l"layes,  Dunui:ig  &  Annis,  attorneys,  with  offices at  Greeley 
and Fort Col:ins,  11nd  ore doing a  prosperous business. 

H.  A.  Haigh,  of '74,  was assistant secretary of the Republican 
State Convention.  B.  A.  Nevins,  C.  C.  Lillie,  W.  Hale,  Will 
Langley,  Geo.  A  F..irr,  and J.  I. Breck were delegates. 

Will Dothany,  '84,  is  clorkin~  at  Farmington,  and  under  the 
favoring smiles  of  the  new  administration,  hopes  to  secure a 
position as mail agent on one  of the Michigan railroads. 

F.  F. Rogers,  of '83,  is still associated  with  E . F. Law,  of '83, 
in the surveying business at  Marlette.  Mr.  Rogers  v.sited the 
State Eugineers' Association at Lansing the past winter. 

W.  R.  Hubbert,  '81,  who graduated from  the  Detroit  Medical 
College  March 4.th,  1885,  was  married  March 24th,  at Detroit, to 
Miss E!:lmaline  E.  Pilgrim,  of Finborougb,  Suffolk,  England. 

Frank Hodgeman, of 'G2,  is chairman of the committee on  the 
manual of ::ltate Engineers' Association,  and has had the editing 
of the  manual  put  into  his  hands.  The  work  will  appear  in 
May.  \, 

C.  )..  Bemis,  of '74,  is  in bis sixth year  as  principal  of  public 
schools at Portland,  and  is  givina  entire  satisfaction. 
Since 
graduating,  he has  pmchased  a  1.brary of  more  than  fourteen 
hundred volumes. 

J. R.  Monroe, or  '78,  went  to  Colorado  after  completing  bis 
course in law at Ann  Arbor,  but  has  returned  to  Kalamazoo. 
where he is cashier of the savings bank of which  his family  own 
a  controlling interest. 

Hon.  C.  J.  Momoe,  of  '61,  is doing grand work for  the college 
in  the  State senate,  as chairman  of  the  Comuiittoo on  Agricul 
tural College.  He was  renominated  by  acclamation,  and  ran 
far ahead of his  ticket. 

L .  A.  Lillv, of '77,  is managing  a  seven hundred acre  farm  at 
New Sharo1i,  Iowa.  He keeps  a  few  i:ihort Horns and  Jerseys, 
besides  grndes for beef.  He has  a  family  of  a  wife  and  two 
children,  a  boy and a  girl. 

0. L.  Hersh!ser,  of '84,  1aught in Eaton county  tho  p1st  win 
ter.  He soon returns Lo  Water  Vallt'y  to  take  charge  or  the 
apiary of E.  C.  Hubbard,  and  not  of  Mr.  Jones,  as  given  in the 
last number of the SPECULUM. 

W.  M.  Badcock,  with '86 is now in  New  York city,  attached to 
the Charity  Organization, which aims to bring  about a  coopera 
tion among the different charity organizations of  the city, and to 
suppress beggary and its consequent evils. 

C.  E.  Sumner,  of  '79,  was  married  Dec.  17,  1884,  to  1\liss 
Mntie Ryan of  Huron,  Ohio.  Mr. Sumner  <'Xpects  to grnduate 
from  one of  the Washington  law  schools  this  spring,  and soon 
after to enter on the practice or his profession. 

W.  H. GosE, or '82, visited New Orleans this winter and reports 
D .  C.  Holliday, of  '83,  as chief  baggage  agent,  with a  salary  of 
$125  per month.  Goss is Worthy Master of the Bangor Grange, 
He is on his father's f«rm  at  Bangor,  VnnBuren  county,  one of 
the best in the  S  ate. 

B.  A.  Nevins,  of  the class of  '75,  is still at Otsego.  Ile is doing 
an  extensive  manufacturing  business,  eruploying  from  twenty 
to thirty  men,  and  usini:i;  h,11f  a  million feet  of  lumber  annually, 
with trnde extending from  Georgia  to Dakota,  and from  Massa 
chusetts to California.. 

W.  L.  Porter,  with '7G,  bas  a  sma'l  farm  in  the out3kirts  ot 
of Greeley,  Col.,  which  he  devotes  to  market  gardening. 
In 
addition  he  possesses  an  apiary  of  110  swarms.  He  is  also 
testin '.\"  various varieties of  different kinds of fruit,  to  find  those 
suitable for that dry climate. 

Charles  Schlappi, wiLh  '84,  is  associated  with  his  broLhet·  in 
conducting  a  large  wheat  farm  at  l\Iichigan,  Dakota.  They 
raised about 3,000  bushels {)f wheat  last year,  and  be  says  the 
more they raise the  poorer they are.  He had  to send  to  Mich 
igan for  money  to winter on. 

H.  W.  Collingwood,  of '83,  has resigned  the position of odiLot' 
of  the Soiilheni Live Stock Journal, and is at present instructor 
in English  Literature  and  Rhetoric  in  the  ::ltarkvillo,  Mio;s., 
Female Seminary.  R  H.  Gulley,  of '78,  has also left  the  busi~ 
ness management of tho some journal. 

W.  D.  Place,  of 'GS,  is now doini:i;  well.  He  has  a  fine  dairy 
farm jubt out of  Ionia.  He has within the last three years fitted 
and planted a  piece of ground about a  mile from Ionia for a  cem~ 
etery.  It is  now  tho  favorite  burial  p"oco  for  Ionia,  an l  Mr. 
Place is in  a fair way  to reap some reward for his labors. 

Linc.  Ave1y has been studying law for  the past  two years  at 
Port Huron and expects to enter Ann  Arbor this fall.  He is also 
secret 1ry of the board of  examiners,  taught  in  tho  county  nor 
lllal last summer with eighty-five  students,  and  is  engaged for 
next vacation and "expects one hundred and twenty-ti ve students. 
B.  D .  Halstead,  of  '71,  Harvard  D.  S.  in  '78,  later  managing 
editor  of  the  Amel"ican  AtFicullurist, at  '2,000 a  year, is now 
Professor of Botany in  the Iowa Agricultural  College,  the  place 
1·acated  bv  C.  E.  Bessev.  The Rural New  Yorker  says,  •·we. 
congratulate the Dr.  in 'escaping  from  the  American A171"icull 
u1"ist  and go:ng into the good Iowa Agricultural College." 

E . O. Ladd,  '78, left the  employ  or  D.  l\I.  Ferry  &  Co.,  111.st 
August,  and is now in  partnership  with  his  father  on tho  "Old 
Farm" at Old  Mission.  He says he takes prit.lo  in  getting back 
to the farm  and being classed with  the  farmers.  He  is  giving 
especial attention to  fruit  growing.  Mr.  Ladd  i5  president  ot 
the Peuinsula Farmers' Club,  and taught schoollast winter. 

A.  C. Redding,  of  '83,  is  teaching  near  Berlamont,  with  an 
enrollment of 51  pupils.  He  thinks hll  wi:l  continue  teaching 
for some time yet,  as ho  sees  no  pro 3pect  of  getting  m'.Lrried. 
He  will  expound  the  evil  effects  or  alcohol  and  narcotics  on 
the human  system  at  tho  meeting  of  the  YanBuren  county 
teachers' association,  to be held at Hartford,  April 17  and 18. 

J.  L.  McClear,  o[  '82,  graduated  from  Ann  Arbor  March 26, 
1884.  He then formed  a  partnership  with  F.  0. Gaffney,  pur 
chased a  library of  five  hundred  volumes,  and  localed  at  Lake 
City,  where he  now  has a  tair practice.  He w.:is  electe~  prose 
cuting attornev  and  circu ·t  court  commissioner  of  Missaukee 
cnunty last election,  the only democrat  elected in tho county. 

Edgar Grimm,  '83,  is Professor of  Agriculture in  the Agricult 
ural  College at Conollcs,  Oregon,  and is  having  rather  a  hard 
time of it.  The college is just being  developed  in  a  new coun 
try  and has been  under  the  control  of  the  l\JoLhodist  church, 
which is  not  vorv  enthus~aslic  on  the  subj ect  of  agriculture. 
The  colle:i;e  is now  under  the  control of  the  Staie,  i~ncl  Prof. 
Grimm is  more  hopeful. 
llowever,  be is  the  only  man  of  the 
faculty  who  has any lrnowlodge of an  agricultural schoc•I, or any 
ambition  to develop  one. 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

17 

W.  F. Hoyt,  of '83,  now an M.  D.  of St-irling Medical College, 
Columbus,  received the  prize  for  highest  soho!arsbip,  his per 
ce ntage  being 97g.  While  a  student,  Mr.  Hoyt  won  consider 
able honor by showing the parisitic  origin  of  ce rta in  skin  dis 
eases,  known  as  "Pan Handle Itch,"  "Sciota  Scratches," etc. 
His researches were highly comm ended by the Columbus  Daily 
Tim es. 

James Troop,  of '78,  now professor  of horticulture  and  en to 
mology of  Purdue universi ty,  was  married Dec.  30,  at Livonia, 
N.  Y.,  to  Miss Cora L .  Chamberlin.  The ilowers were furni shed 
for  the  occasion  by Mr. Knapper.  Prof.  and  Mrs.  Troop  and 
Prof.  and Mr.  Latta expect to  Yi&it the  college 11 ext commence 
ment.  Prof. Troop delivf'red  an address at the Marion  horticult 
ural society,  held at  Indianapolis,  F ob.  28,  18  5;  subject,  "The 
Harmony of Nature." 

H.  S.  Hampton,  of  '76  is  district  attorn ey  at  Albion,  I daho. 
He went from  Michigan  to  Nebraska  in  1879,  re maining  there 
two years,  teaching  most of  the time.  He  has  been  at  Albion 
something  over  three  years,  t"'aching  at  first;  afterward 
employed as deputy co unty recorder  and  treasu rer,  doing  most 
<>f  the county business for two years, till his legal practice obliged 
him to give it  up.  He  was  admitted  to  the  bar June 2, 1883, 
and elected district attorney  in  1884.  He  is  unmarried.  Mr. 
Hampton says A.  B.  Peebles, of '77, was  engaged  in the minis 
try  at  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah,  but  had  gone  east,  whether  to 
return  or not,  he did  not know. 

Only a  few  European institutions  edit college  papers. 
Amhe rst claims to have the  best gymnasium in the country. 
Prnfe  sor Agassiz  has resigned from the  Faculty of  Harrnrd. 
It is said that  Presid tint  Mccosh has gradnated  from  six col-

leges. 

Students of  Wellesley are  not permitted  to publish  a  college 

paper. 

The three wealthiest coll~g J s  in  America  are  Columbia,  H a r 

'Vard,  anJ Corne!!. 

The libraries  of  Germany  are  m ire  extensilre  than those  of 

any other nation. 

In Yale  students  studying  German  exceed in  numbers those 

E-tudying  the  classics. 

Vice  President  H endric:•s  w.11  deliver  the  annual  address at 

tho Yale commencement. 

Students of Berke!ey,  California, University have  "rushes" on 

the campus,  eaeh  Friday  afternoon. 

The  Y<ile  Alumni  r ece ntly  gave  a  dinn ,r  in  New  York,  in 

honor or Prof. Phelp3,  the new ministe r  to England. 

L eading  edncators in  Japan propose  to  effect  a  substitntion 

of  th e  Latin alphab et  for  Lhe  one now  in  use in J apau. 

Charl  s  L  Colby,  whose  fath er  endowed  Colby  University, 
has given  one  miUion  dollars fcir  founding  a  new  university in 
Wiscons in. 

J;owJoin  bo:i.sts or having among her a lumni,  a  governor, two 
councilor  ,  and  seventeen  senators and  representatives  in the 
state legislature. 

Ilavard  University  and 

th e  Maine  Ilistorieal  Societv  are 
recipients  of copies of  the  bust of  Longfellow,  now  in  ~V est­
ministor  Abbey.-Ex. 

At  a  number  of  eo!leges  stndents  have  formed  mock  con  
gresses,  which  follow  as  nearly  as  may  be  the  mode;;  of  th e 
United  States  congress. 

One man in  every 5,000 in  England takes a  college course ;  in 
Scotland  one  in  615;  in  Germany  one in  213;  in  the  United 
States one in 2,000.-Ex. 

Endowm ents  of  some  of  the  colleges  of  tho  United  States 
5,000, 000 ; 
3,0U0,000;  Priuceton, 

arc  as  follows  :  GirarJ, 
J ohns  Hopkins,  ±,UU0 ,000 ;  Harvard, 

L0,000,00U;  Columbia, 

2,5~0,000;  Leh igh,  ~1,8  0,000;  Cornell,  $ 1,400,000 
A recent writer advocates  the  e ' t'\ulish ing  of  a  National Uni 
versity,  this nnivers ty  to bo  lo0atnd  at Washington,  because of 
th e  superior  advantages  that  are  thrown  around  tho  student. 
"Every  department  of  g-overnmo nt, "  ho  says,  "is  r eally  a 
branch  or  a  groat university. 

The history of  college  journalism begins with  the Dartmouth 
Gazette,  which  was  first  issued  in  the  year  1810;  and  it  is a. 
noteworthy fact that Daniel Webste r lent his first literary efforts 
to this college  journ al.  To-day  there  are  fully  two  hundred 
college papers r egularly  published.-Chronicle . 

Prof.  T.  W.  Hunt says  that "The  reform of  our spelling  is  a. 
necessity," and that "no reform of  modern times can present so 
good ly a  lis t  of  advocates;  and  while  by no  means unattended 
with objections and  difficulties,  it is  so  substantially  valid  and 
judicious as to be  safely commended to the  schools for immedi 
ate adoption,  and to all Eng ish  speaking  people for  intelligent 
discussion and :.ipproval." 

One by one he turns them over, 

Scowl;; at this one,  smiles at that; 

This one marks across the cover, 

Thr 

s  that to the office  cat; 
H ere he clips a  commendation. 

There he writes a  blue grim  "set;" 

Marks here  a  slanderous allegatiGn, 
There steals all thaL  he can get. 

Through what wid e roalrn  his fancy  ranges 

The man who edits the exchnges. 

-Cornell Era. 

Tho Kalamazoo  Index ls quite prone to criticize its exchanp:es, 
this being one of  the  principal  features  of  that pape1·. 
In  one 
of its issues it took occasio11  to review  some of  thEl  literary arti 
cles in  the SPECULUM.  Without considering wheth er  or not the 
articles  merited  the  criticism,  it  did  not  come  with  very  good 
grace from  a  paper,  every  one of  the literary articles,  of  which 
was copied; as was nearly,  if  not  quite  two -thirds  of  its entire 
mn.ttor.  The March numho1·  or  the  same sheet comes out with 
a  magnificent list of  four personals,  and  in  its exchange column 
says ;  "It is  not  safe  to  jud>1:e  an  institution  by  the  paper  it 
publishes  unless  we  know  that  the  brains,  which  the  literary 
matter  bespeaks,  really  belongs  to  the  students  and  editors." 
Considering th e small  amonnt  of  or iginal  matte r  in  the  Index, 
fnrther  comment is unnecessary. 

The exchange editor of  the Niagara Index has been connected 
with journalism for sixteen years so we are told.  We have long 
wrrndered  at  the  superior  knowleclg-e  of  this  r ennw1H•d  critic, 
this author of a  new literatu re,  and  now  we  read  his  wonderful 
pro luctions with more awe than  ever before. 

The  Co:lege  Transcript  for  Mar  h  14th  contains  an  article 
entitled,  "One Phase of  College Life," which anti -fraternity men 
will do  well  to read.  A few of  the  principal  points, frequently 
used as argument against fraternities,  are ably discussed. 

Tho  College  Student  for  March  is  the  best  number  of  that 
j ournal  that  we  ha,·e  yet seen.  Among  tlrn  many  articles ·or 
inter  ~ t "Schola ·ticism  in  the  Middle  Ages,"  "Too Late to  Go 
to  College," and  "The Unit," deserve special attention. 

The March issue  of  the  Pleiad is a  good  one,  It contains  a 
very interesting lecture delivered at Albion  College,  by Rev.  T. 
DeWitt Talmage, in  reply  to  Ingersoll's  lectnre  on  Talmagean 
Theology. 

The Pleiad is  very  much opposed to  having th 0  name of their 
college changed  to  Asbury  Centenary  University.  They  say, 
"better have it flrst-cla;;s  College  tlun  a  second or third-class 
unive rsity . 

We  have  just  formed  the  a  qu ·1intanco of  The  Owl,  and  are 
favorably imprnssed.  Its  brighc  well  written  pages, however, 
present quilo a  cont-rast  to its rather  ru sty looking cover. 

We think the  Stuclent bas not b  en  correctly informed  on  the 
subj ect.  The  Agricultural  College  expects  t o  have  a  Mechan  
ical Department fully  equipped by September urxt. 

There  is  a  movement on  foot  to transfer the Department  of 
1\fechauical  Eng-ineering  from  Ann  Arbor  to  the  Agrioultnral 
CoUege at Lansing. -1Iespe1·ian Student. 

After a  long- absence,  tho  Emory  Mirror  has  again  found  its 
way  t  our  table>'.  We  hardly  fee l  like  complimenting  the 
editors on the form of their paper. 

In New York  state  there  lirns  n  philoso pher,  so-called , who 
maiuhdu s  that the earth is  a  huge animal,  and offers th e follow 
ing as proof :  First, tho earth breathes. which fact is shown  by 
th e act:on or  the titl es.  Second,  thtJ  eart 11  h·1s  ,great longevity, 
as shown  from  the  fact  that  the  largest animals  live  longest. 
Third,  the earth  has  heat. 

Terms  $~.00  per  Day. 

• T.  ABERf,E . 

LANSING,  MICH • 

CAPITAL  CITY RINK  Metropolitan  Arrt  Oal~er  ~ 

WILL  BE  OPEN  ON 

Mondays,  Wednesdays,  and  Saturdays, 

STUDENTS'  ORDERS  RECEIVE  PROMPT 
ATTENTION . 

.AFTERNOON  .AND  EVENING, 

Until  further  notice. 

SPEUIAL  RATES 

'l'O  HT  DENTS. 

COME  ANI>  ~BE :M:E. 

NO  CHANGE  IN 

.1'.R  . .ICES 

Only  on  Wednesday  and Saturday Eveni1lfl8. 

201  Washington  Avenue . 

C.  W.  LEONARD. 

04p1r4 L  B41fBElf  SlfOf,  WESTCOTT, 

• 

o.  119  WASHINGTON'  A VENUE. 

SPECIAL  ATTENTION  PAID  TO 
STUDENTS'  CUSTOM. 

No . 112  l\l1cnrn.rn Arn ., LANSING,  Micn., 

DEALER  IN 

foreign  and  Domestic  Woolens 

FIRS'l'-ULASS  ARTISTS.  EXUELLENT  WORK 

AND  GENTS'  FUR.r  ISHING  GOODS . 

J.  vV.  DA VIS,  Proprietor. 

TO"''.l  WESTCOTT,  The  Cutter. 

HULL  BROTHERS, 

DEALERS  rn 

Fresh  and  Smoked  Meats,  Canned  and  Farinaceous  Goods, 
Colgate's  Toilet  Soaps  and  Waters,  Lubin's  Perfumes, 
Toilet  Powders,  Champagnes,  Imported  Cigars; 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

FINEST  CONFECTIONS  IN  THE  WEST 

f ELECT  j3AKING  f owDER , 

fELECT  fLAVORING  :fxTRACTS, 

KET'1-'LE  RENDERED  LARD; 
Roasters and  Grinders of the 

And  Curers  of Sugar-Cured  Ham,  Bacon,  Dried  Beef,  Smoked  Tongues,  etc. 

None  but  Finest  Goods  kept,  and  all  goods  sold  to  the  Uonsumer  at  less  than  Wholesale  Prices. 

HULL  BROTHERS, 

Opera  House  Block,  DETROIT,  MICH. 

HEADQUARTERS  FOR  COLLEGE  BOYS!  H.  W.  SQUIERS, 

G- EC> .  T . 

I> A "VI S ' S 

Bak.ory,  Conf octionory,  ann  Rostaurant. 

AG E NT , 

ICE  CREAM  AND  OYSTERS  IN  SEASON. 

Lunch.es  at  all  :a:ours.  ANTI-MONOPOLY GROO£R, 

CI GAR S  AND  T OBACCO. 

BANQUET  ORDERS  PROMPTLY  ATTENDED  TO. 

1 03  W ashington  A venue,  Lans ing. 

L.A. 'UNT  T::S:O~J?SON . 

JOE  PR INT ING .  

100  W"u s hing l o n  A ve nu e , 

Ov e r  Eks te i n ' s  Grocery,  LA N S ING ,  M I CH . 

111  Mic hi gan  A -venu e, 

LANSINn , 

M. I C I~ IG A N. 

THE  MIOHIG AN  PIPE  00., 

BE E -K EE PERS '  G U IDE, 

MA NU F AC 'rt; R~;RS OF 

OR -
Ma nua l  o f "  -th e  Ap iary. 

-

9,000  sold  in  six  years.  DUO  sold  in  t he  last  ton  weeks.  En- Wy ck 0 [  p at B Il t Wat Br  p 1· D B. 

tiroly  reviser!.  Fifty  pages  a nd  fi fty  costly 
illustrations  added. 
I.lbor nl  Discount  to  Deniers  and  for  Clu bs . 

r rlco  by  Mall  $ 1.2;;. 

A. J . GOOK,  Author a nd  ruuli s h cr,  LAN SI NG ,  Mrc 11. 

~OFFETT~ 

~DENTIST.~ 

Nit1·ous  Oxide  Ga s  01·  Vita lized  .Afr  given  /01•  the 
p ainless  ext1·action  of  '.l'eeth. 

Southeast corner  of  Washington  and  Mich. Aves, Lansing. 

HUDSON  HOUSE 
' 

M.  HUDSON,  Proprietor. 

LANSING,  MICH. 

SI-IEARER'S  L A.UNDRY 

tal i:es  t:hc  l ead  on 

COLLARS  AND  GUFFS. 

We  m e  no  hardening in our  s tarch ,  th erefore  we  break 
no  col la rs. 
TEY   OU"E  ""\J\TOEX 
.AND  SA TIS F Y  YOURSE L F . 

TWO  DOO RS  l' UOll  rOS TO FF I CE,  EAST ,  LANSUIO,  ll l Cll. 

STE AM-PIPE  GAS/NG, 

- A N D -

G-.A.S  F IFE !  

B ..4.Y  CI.TY,  MIC HIGAN. 

Plans,  Specifications,  a nd  Estimates fo r  Water  Works,  inolud. 
ing  Pumping  Machinery,  made  when  desired.  Stop  Valves, 
Hydrants,  Crosses,  Tees,  Bends,  etc.,  used  in  the  constrnc 
tion  of  W ater  Works,  constantly  in  stock  an d  furnished  at 
manufacturers' prices.  All  our manufactures guaran teed  to  be 
as  represented . 

S~ N D F OR  CAT A LOGUE. 

T.A.Y-LO::R  & 

ONE-PRICE  BOOT ANT) SHOE HOUSE, 

I  ~5 Washin~ t on  Ave nue,  LAN S ING .  M i c h. 

STUDENTS :-It will  Pay  You  to  Call 

VT.  D.  SAB IN , 

on  W.  G.  PATrrERSON  for  Boots,  Shoes, 

and  Rubbers. 

JOBBEH  ANO  RETATl . ~;R 01' 

HARDWARE! 

MA.NUPACTURER  OF 

REP AIRING  NEArrLY  DONE. 

Tin, Sheet-Iron, and  Copper Work. 

\Vashing'ton  Avenue,  Lansing. 

LAN!SING, 

•  MICHIGAN . 

105  WASHING TON  A  VENUE, 

JOHN  HERRMANN, 

Opposite  Opera  Block, 

FIRST  GLASS  LIVERY. 

MERCHANT 'I'AILOR, 

KEEl'S  THE  I,ARGEST  ANO  B1':ST  STOCK  OF 

JN  MICHIGAN. 

BEST  FIT  FOR  THE  LEAST  MONEY 

STUDENTS'  PATRONAGFi  SOLICITEU. 

Stu<lents ,  Come  and  See  ~Ie . 

JIMMY  MARKl~Y. 

ALWAYS  AT  THE  FROl'JT 

'W'ITH  GOOD 

BOOTS ~ 
Always  at the  Bot 

LARGE ST STOCK IN  THE 

Repairing  Promptly  Done. 

tom  with  our  Prices. 

CITY  TO  SELECT FROM I 

Students  have  Preference. 

.AT  .A:SE:R:7S ! 

F.  SIMONS, 
104  Washington  Avenue, 

DISPLAYS  THE  FINEST  AND  LARGES'!'  STOCK  OF 

DRY  GOODS  AND  CARPETS 

THAT  HAS  EVER  BEEN  OPENED  IN  THE  CITY. 

YOU  WILL  ALWAYS  FED  GOODS  AS  REPRESENTEO,  A.SD  OUR  PRICES  AT  THE  BOTTOM. 

-vv_ 

Dli:A LER  IN 

-:+Heavy  and  ~h@lf  Hardwar@,  g)ass,  Etc.,·~ 

CELEBR...._~TED  GASOLINE  STOVE, 

ALSO  THE 

Golden  Star  and  Garland  Stoves  and  Ranges. 

AL~O AG.ENT  FOil 

Fuller  & Warren's,  and  Richardson,  Boynton  & Co's  Furnaces. 

JIB. 

JP.  BJI C lHINHD N JlJ), 

TOJllOBIAL  PABLOltl, 

JEWELRY I 

LANSING,  JY.:'.[IC:::S:IGAN_ 

JN"'o_  106  ~ich.iga.n. -A..ve-. 

LANSING. 

STUDENTS  SURE  OF  EXCELLENT  WORK  IN  ALL  ITS 
BRANCHES,  BY  FIRST-CLASS  ARTISTS. 

ELI  BIDELMAN,  Proprietor. 

FINE  CIGARS  AND  TOBACCO 

~N  STOCK  AT  ALL  TIM.ES. 

STUDENTS  FIND  AT 

-W-- RAPLEE~ 

G.  vV.  Fl{ARY'S  STORE 

A.  La1•ge  and  :F'inc  Stock  of 

GENTS'  FIA'rs  AND  CAPS 

wnou::sAJ.E  A:'iD  RET ,II[, DEALER  IN 

Jewelry, Watches,  Clocks,  Diamonds, 
Silver and  Plated-Ware. 

119  WASHINGTON  AVENUE, 

-

LANSING,  MICH. 

REPAIRING  NEATLY  DONE. 

FURN9 ITURE !  

'l'be Cheapest and Best .Assortment in Central Michigan can Always  be  Found at 

D ·.  w.  &  M.  J.  BUCK'S! 

301  AND  303  WASHINGTON  AVENUE. 

CURTAIN  DRAPERY  AND  TRIMMINGS  A  SPECIALTY t 

SPRING  AND  SUMMER 

STU D EN T S  AND  OTH li~RS 
WILL  REMEMBER  THAT 

LE -DERER  &  SONS 

ARE  READC~UARTERS FOR 

I 

/ 

H ats,  C aps,  a nd  G en ts'  Fur nishing  Goods . 

-

AND  ALL  THE  LATEST  NOYELTIES  IN 

LARGEST  STOCK, 

MOST  FASHION ABLE  GOODS, 

LOWEST  PRICES. 

This  is  our  reputation,  and  we  have  maintained  it  for  twenty  years. 

Lansing,  April  1,  1885. 

H .  LED E RE R  &  SONS,  T he  Clothiers, 

"'W"AeII I NGTON  A V ENUE . 

THE STATE  AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE, 

LANSING, 

MICH. 

This  institution  is  thoroughly  equipped,  having  a  large  teaching  force;  also  ample  facilities  for  illustra 
tion  and  manipulation,  including 

Laboratories,  Conservatories,  Library,  Museum,  Class-room 
Apparatus,  also  a  Large  and  Well-stocked  Farm. 

fOUlf  YE41f S  4/f E  If EQUllf ED  TO  CO(flf LETE  TIJE  COUlf SE, 

-

EMBRACING -

CHEMISTRY,  1\IATHEMATIUS,  BOTANY,  ZOOLOGY,  VETERINARY,  ENGLISH  LANGUAGE  AND 
LITERA'rURE,  MILITARY  TAC'l'ICS,  AND  ALL  OTHER  BRANCHES  OF  A 
COLLEGE  COURSE  EXCEP'r  FOREIGN  LANGUAGES . 

Three  hours  labor  on  each  working  day,  except  Saturdays.  Maximum  rate  paid  for labor,  eight cents 

an  hour. 

l·krns .-Tnition  free .  Club  boarding. 

CALENDAR  FOR  THE  YEAR  1885. 

February  25th  Spring  Tenn  begins.  May  20tlJ  Spring  Term  ends. 

1\fay  27tlJ  Summer  Term begins. 
August  19th  Summer  'l1erm  ends;  Uommencement.  August  26th College Year begins;  Entrance examin 
ations  at  9  o'clock  A.  1\1. 

For  Catalogue  apply  to 

R.  G.  BAIRD,  SECRETARY.