a ra
oa pe 1 = =
See ~
——

= i ‘ 1H] | SES Riess bass wim r
i
| ae = he
os i HTH
: ‘ at ee ah,
een LET 1 t
: = fey t
i a
ci rn i ah ‘ 7
= HEEL I a 3
ai ee 7 a
SS ia : i¥ lee ene 3]
tr fel E
ie
= an
== S n
: Seat
= 1 alt il 1 a : ii hae st ee 1 = = hie 4
= af iH if = = Dette bat |B = ==
— =e a lt =
Sp ee er Bee
=Ecaall = LS
el = : =n eo |e |
Berit = i i a ‘ a
MA :
oe Poetic : hee Say ees io iF tp f ae eth fet
= nee 7 Pare Sahn de roa tbe eine pen lea ya ties me a ets Seine

= :

ae

GRICULTURALS oy eqE. MICH. /:.

ee ae eet
Fal f

7 ee

wage at Be

Fates

= Ty
J gt!
i ee i * f. :
ei ESS =, - © TW = Se. Po hell ae
a va ie bi, 1 L = te * iy. L- iS =a"
ees, WM ck i rendu eee
Yaga by Sy Piper | heat fe 1g eau pe ¢ raed o LAL ea

0" Entered at the Postoufice at Agricultural College, Mich,, as Socond-cliss Mail Matter,

Woos, GEORGE A CU, PRINTENRS & BINDERS, LANSING, MPGHL |
BROAS, the One-Price Clothier, Undersells them all on Clothing,
Hats, Caps, and Gents’ Furnishing Goods.

CORNER MICHIGAN AND WASHINGTON AVENUES, LANSING,

Go Toa

HERB. JOHNSON, THE GROCER,

OLD LAND OFFICE LANSING, MICH.

E“apar and kites ‘of Staple and Faney Greceries,

Fruits and Vegetables a Speetaltu, Qihe largest Wholesale cad fetal Grracery Honae ta Ceatntl Miele.

WR PHOTOGRAPHERS.

Special Hates Given to Students

oo

TOW ARE INVITED To CALL.

OVER LANSING NATIONAL BANK.

as

U. H. FORESTER, PRANK WELLS,

HEADGU ATT ERS Perit

Buoks, Stationery, Toys, and Fauey Goods

ConRNEER Srone, Orena DLoacek,

JEWELRY, ann Presenxration Arricurs.

LANSING HOUSE,

Terms e820} per Din.

oe

LAIN BING, = = MICE, J. Anenne. Lansinc, Micu.

CROTTY bBROS.,, T. OH. SEDINA,

— THE -—

Wik ADI LM

Pal <<» Bo Bo X'=xaill

Flowse in the City.

Iilunk Hooke, Pertodieals, Wallets, Pocket Books, Albums, 120) mend & lock, cHIVE THE YOUNG MAN A CHANCE,
Bibles, Prover Books, Law Blanks, Seaside Library ——— Se
for Sumer Tewding, Ink, Pens, Frames, T ih r
Vishiing Giaods, Echool Books, ete. JONI LA Cl Py LA UU N Dik YX |

Subeerintions taken ucae ; bileboed | COLLARS AND COFFS A SPECIALTY.
DSC ELPOS ROO PO PT ALEALA Gr "per ES ae . . r 4 Fr 4 4
the World, GOOD WORK GUARANTEED,

COREY 1
TWO DOORS NORTH OF POSTOFFICE, & OLMSTEAD.

Cillege Agents: Jasow KB. Tasmoxp, Hater BL Sarit,
LAN SIN G, = MICILIGA WN, lioom 76, Wella Lal.

—Heeccet

CULUM.

tie

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MICH., OCT. 1, 1885.

Wot No, 18.

7—-

= An opportunity was afforded one cf the editors of
cthe-SpreuLum fo visit this youngest of the Agricul
«tal colleces and spend a couple of months there
the past winter. Wroem the fact that it is lareely
simodeled after cur own instiintion, and has had
cdrom ibs organigation a representative of our alumni
nits faculty and now in the chair of president,
aus wall warth a short desoriptioan.

"Whe eollege, with its farm of 240 acres, is located
“Wh bhe southern oulskirts of Fort Colling, an enter-

Ot Denver and close to the foothills of the Rocky
woMountains, Though not opened for students until
“SBept., 1879, it has already made a good start in the
cowiy of buildings, and more are urgently needed.
“The main college building as it apnears from the east
<8 shown in the eut at the head of this column. This
“ GOntaInSs recitation rooms, chapel, museam, library,
“-gnd the president’s ofice. Besides this there is a
| dormitory of about the same size located to the north,
-. a.eonservatory 26x80 feet, a chemical laboratory,
“Sand a shop 25256 feet, two stories in height, with

=f addition 20563 feet. The upper floor is fitted up

necessary tools, Saws and lathes are rua by a steam
engine. The lower floor is for iron working and
‘foundry, . This course ig modeled after ona in the
SiMassachusetis Institute of Teehnology, and ig in
“ €Harge of one of their graduates. Wash rooms are
= provided in the work shop. |

= Phe-eourse in its general features is very similar to
urs. Inits management of the mechanic shop 1
differs from any other college. This work somes in
he Féoular aourse and every student ig required to
Jakeit, While the boys are working af wood or irow

“prising city of 3,000 inhabitants, about 80 miles north |

— ere

sdox-wood work of all kinds with tables, benches, and }

COLORADO AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. : I

work, the girls are engaged in woou carving. Soma
very creditable pieces have been done by term,

Wahile a division of the students is busy in the
Inéchanis shop, every ober student is at work in the
laboratory or on the farm or garden, It is intended |
to have every student at work at the same time, and
to give no opportunity for an idle student to annoy
others at work, Altwork, two hours daily, receiving
ten cents an hour on thefarm or garden, bub nothing
for educational iabor; Satardayis turned to acaount
by the boys in making something for themselves or
for sale, The students drilifortwenty minuies daily.
First opened to students in Sept, 1879, it has had
two graduating elassas, the first ins: year ol three,
and the second this year of seven. Tne students
number about 83, and form as bright a ealass of
young moen and women as one would wisn to see.
Over one-half ave girls. Most of the students from
lack of dormitery room, board im town,
Besides the president the faculty consists of pro-
feesors of chemisiry, agvieniture, borticnliure, veter-
inary, mecoauies, enguices ngs anil instructors la
music and vheieric. The professor of yelerinary is |
State veterinarian. Hf. J. Annis, class of “75 of one
institution, was the first professor of chemistry, and
had much to do with organizing the institation, bat he
finally resigned to enter a lovvative iaw prac-
tice. His suecessor, C. F. Davis, ‘80, 1s workumg

hard and unselfishly to baild up the college and bis

department. He is one of the most influential men in
the college. In the chair of borticalture is Prof. dames
Cassiday, who was so long and favorably known to
us while connected with this college. He is proving
yery succesafil as a teacher, is popular among fue -
students and towns people, and is domg good work.
a THE COLLEGE SPECULTH.

Most of the advance of the college dates from the
time when Prof, C. L. Ingersoll, of '74, took charge of
it. In the three years since, he has revived it, won
the support of the agricultural and stock men, raised
its standard until now it is outranked by no eollege m
the State. .

The collere was unfortunately crippled this spring,
together with other educational institutions, by the
Legislature reaching the constitutional limit of taxa-
tion before educational needs were considered, As it
receives, however, annually a tax of one-tenth
mill, it will be enabled to maimtain its rank, though
it can enter upon no new enterprises. Its land from
the U. §. government has been partially selected, but
is as yet not in the market.

Their field of workin that country is quite different
from ours. With a rainfall of less than fifteen inches
all erops must be raised by irrigation, and from the
high altitude and the rare and dry atmosphere,
cloudless sunshine, and sudden changes of tempera-
ture, experiments on crops in other regions need to be
tried here under these conditions.

The collece has done and is doing good work in
these lines and in aiding in the development of the
State, andis proving a credit to our own college and
her Alumni connected with it, as well asto the State
of Colorado.

ah

Alumni Reunion.

The eighth triennial reunion of the alumni of the
Michigan Agricultural College, was held at the College,
Sept. 20th, 1885. There were present 150 of the alumni,
many of whom were accompanied by their wives, chil-
dren, and friends.

The first mecting, according to the program, assembled
at 0 o'clock A. M., in the lecture room of the Chemical
Laboratory, and was called to order by the president of
the association, & M. Millard, “64, with R. C. Carpen-
ter, 73, as seerctary. After listening to the treasurer's
report, on motion the chair appointed the following com-
mittees:

Committee on Nominations:

O. EK. AwasTMan, 770.
8. M. Tracy, ‘68.
James SATEERLEE, “tl,
tosweELT Lire, "v0.

W. A. Rowe, *75.

Committee on Hesolutions:

(. M. Wren, "83,
J. EL Tayi, “16.
W. C. Latta, °77.

On motion of O. Clute, 62, Dr. T. C. Abbot was invited
to address the alumui at the close of the literary exer-
ciges.

On motion President Elwin Willits addressed the
mecting, in which he stated clearly his policy in regard
to the future of the college; his firm faith in the labor
system, and his determination to maintain it inviolate.
His remarks were received with marked approval.

Adjourned to meet at 5 o'clock pM.

LITERARY EXERCISES.

The literary exercises were held at 10 o'clock A. M., in
the large tent provided for the exercises during com-
mencement week. ‘The program was opened by prayer
by Rev. 0, Clute, "62, after which came the ,

HISTORY.
fy Eugene Davenport, ‘Ts.
In the years that are gone, we met here, labored
together, then parted: scattering to as many places and

—s

as far distant as were those places from which we gath-
ered. With the pride attendant upon the completion af
a good work, wo felt oqual te almost any task—almoet
any achievoment. So bockling on hig armor—our
diplomas—cach of us went his way.

Tn younger days we hail been led to believe that the
pathway of life was up a ateop and slippery grade, at the
summit of which waa the kingdom of aneress, a stern ancl
valiant old warrior, but who, if boldly attacked, would
eventually yield us a portion of hia domain. Tt was to
atir up this fabled individual that we set out, little dewht-
ing that ere long we should hecome possessors of a por-
tion of his real catate.

How different is the reality! We find that the pathway
ia not even well defined, showing that there must be more
than one, Tt is not always ascending, but often hurries
us along a descent so steep that we are impelled to check
onraclves leat we stuinble, We are beset with diffienlties
we little snepectod,—no doubt the scouta of the oll war-
rior at the ewmmit sent ont to harrass our progress. We
have passed through pleasant valleys aml fair plains that
one might suppose lay on the outskirts of the dominion we
ure secking to conquer. But these give way to (lisappoint-
mont, until we find our journey beset with so much that
is strange, eo much that is sweet, aml ao much that is
bitter, that anon the desire creeps over 18 to know how
it ig with our old associates. We turn our steps towards
our Alma Mater, and almost the firat question after the
handelasp is, “ How gocs the battle, my brother.” So las
‘¢ become a habit among us to dedicate one day in three
‘cars to our fostering mother here, and to each other.
Hor this purpose wo are gathered, and your historian
invites your attention fora little time to a bricf review of
what has happened ua since we met before.

We are reminded that there isever with us upon our jour-
ney a silent companion, of whose presence we arc acarcely
conscious tilla brother falters and falls by the wayside.
This is our common enemy, the Death Angel. He has
claimed for his own some of our fairest and best. We halt
a moment, drop a tear on cach new male grave ancl pass
on, not knowing but we ourselves may be the next whose
work will be called finished. It seems but fitting that, at
this time as we mect and greet the living, we should pay
tribute of honor and of love to the weary ones who have
sone to rest, We speak of the lives of our dead brothers,
anid of their loss with deep feelings of sorrow. We loved
them when they were with us, we miss them now that
they are gone.

The last history was one long list of the dead; a roll
containing some of the brightest of our number, It told
ug of ten who had erossedl over since the meeting before?
That period was startling in its fatality. Years ago, two
of-our number met the enemy on the battle field, and but
two more were called till near the eloze of *78. With
fearful havoc death visited our numbers then, and in the
next thirty months he gathered his dark harvest of ten.
Since that time five more have obeyed the sum-
mone that will come to cach of us and but onec. Again
zome of the brightest have gone, and it is but justice to
do for them what will sometime be done for us—grant
them a line in the history, and a niche in the memory.

The last death on our records was that of Robert
Kedzie, Febrnary 13, 1882. Our number remained un-
broken till one year from the next May, which was
saddened by the death of Chas. E. Bush, of the class of
“SL.

He wis barn at Mott's Corners, New York, April 2%,
1861, and died at his old home in Lansing, on May 6,
1885, being but a few days over twenty-two years of age.
as ur Le

THE COLLEGE SPECULUR. 5.

erent

ESA the
i pthgs. Michigan, Here he commenced stndy in a select
- igéhool, whenee he entered the city schools, where he
sremoained fill the age of sixteen, At this awe he enlisted
his -lutereste and sympathies with the class of "81, of this

* eollege, with which he eraduaied. Dhnwine ali his achaol
life-he never misecd « term or failed to reevive the regu-
lar: promotions due the faithful student. We always pre-
ferred activity to adlences, and his vacations were
employed in teaching, or in assisting ab the store or
bank,

imimediately after pradnating he assumed contrel of a
lambeting and manufacturing establishment at Peni-
water, Tounded for han by tus father. During the brief
time he conduoted the business fortune smiled. upon his
labors, but m March of "52, he waa prostrated by hem-

orthage of the lungs, au attack upon bia health from

which he never recovered. He was forced te abandon
his business, and passed the summer in northern Mich-
igan. In September he went South to spend the winter
in a warmer climate, Hyen while we were listening to
the long death roll in our last history, he was there seek-
ing that most difiicuit of ad] things to find—lost health.

Al that money and love could de was done for him, but :

ig no ayailj and, hopeless of recovery, he returned to bis
home ou May 1, 1883, Ou the beautiful Sunday morning
of May 6, he clozad his eyes on the scones of his brief he.
“He was conscious to the last, sad his final werds were, “I
am heppy new.” His death was a blow to hig famualy,
and @ ioss tu the many friends who had been drawn
toward him by Ive estimable qualities, We motu him
aa & kind brother who gave promise of mach good, Hoe
hyed ins short infe well.

Hyen now has disease fastened upon ancthery~our
lamented frisnd, Alberé AL. Bamber. Not naturally
robtiist, he was taken with malarial fever simost the very
dey that Charley Bush came home to die. His ciseage
developed into typhoid, from which he was supposed to
be recovering, but he suffered-2 sudden relapse 2rom
which he died on the evening of June 1, 4883.
He would have graduated in Angust if he had
lived, and in the recovis, under his name. I find
thie foot uote, “Degree conferred because of rare
ability and merit.”? Mr. Bamber was born at Dighland,
Gakland county, Michigan, on February 15, 1960, on the
farm hig grandfather settled ae a pioneer. His early hie
was spent much after the fashion of mosh boys ou the
farm. District school afforded bie only privilege for
learning till his twentieth year, when he attended the

“neighboring village school at Milford, and in the fail of
the samme year entered our college with the Glass of “83.

We are informed, that he. never evineecl much liking :
agos of two and fourteen, he lived in Kalamazoo, where

for books, but we know he was an oxeephionaily fue
student. His beglth was deheate, and bemg very am-
hitions, he frequently over-taxed his aivengih. It was
this. that opened the way for the slow fever that tera
nated so fatally on that June evening in “83.
His remains were secompanied to his home in High
- land by delegations of students from each of the societies
of which he was a member. <A memorial address was
delivered by the president of the college. Resolutions
of regret and of sympathy with the friends of the deceased
ayers passed by the rarions societies, aud every possible
mark of respect and of love was observer on the Bail
_ogeagion. His'simplé patient life leaves 1és lesson with
us, and, brief though i was, it could not have bach 1M
vain. We do not question, only regret that 15 showd
have been finished so soon, and that fullness of yeats

- might not have erawned a life so noble.

age.of elght he remoyed with his parents to Lan-

_ But ere this the fell destroyer has marked another yic-
fim, In the person of Joseph A. Brivgs. He was born
October 18, 1857, im Whiteford, Monroe county, Michi-

“gan, and died at the same place on Jansary 20, 1854.

tig early education was recetyed at the common schools
of his home. He entered college February, 1873, and
cradnated with the class of “79. He literally worked
his way through college, and was one-of the kind who
labored qmetly but fatthiully, He was perhaps the re-
cipient of rather more than the usual number of claga
honors, and waa prominent in the founding of the Helec-
ic gociety. He was a steady, honest student, iaithtul
to his duties, and xespected by all. Always to be Tormnd
on the side of right he wag an especial enemy of imtem-
peranice. ,

Tn the fsil of *81, he entered the law department of
the University, taking. the fwo years’ course In a singie |

voar, He was admitted ip the bar of Monroe county in
1582. Here it was that close confinement and hard

work proved toe much for a naturally spmewhat feebic
body. With failing health he traveled m Minnesota,
CGolorade, and, ag a last resort, in southern California.
Sinking oradually, he returned to his home in Sepiember
of “83, andl diel in January following.

AE this is soon told.. ‘The story is not wnlike. that
of many obhers, bub to us who knew him, and to bs
family who loved him, it has a peculiar meaning. . To.
iis it is the record of a gadiy brief life of a lost brother,
to lie family who fondly doted on his life and its
protaises, 1é comes a3 a knell of buried Bopes. We can
give him our besé tribute of respect by saying that. tn
him was lost an earnest worker, an honest anc useful

— elteen. . .

We turn the leaf of this history of the dead, but to
open a sadder chapter of the same sad story. Violent
death has visted our brothers before. Dickey and Ben-
ham died in the army. aten mé: hig death at the
hands of rathiess savages. Henderson’s was a sad enid-
ine. Snve these, death has come as quietly and as gently
ag cur great enemy could have come. Knowing he was
taking from among the brightest and fairest, it woulé
eeam that, almost repenting the choice he had made,
tenderly came the message, “Thy work ig done.” To
poor Sleeper and Jones this privilege was denied. ‘The
lemon inganity was sent to tempi. Hamlet Hke, they
questioned whether it were better to be or nob to be.
Their jusanity was but too real, and they embarked te
that “undiscovered country from whose bent no trayel-
Jer reburns.” | 7 |

Frank Story Sleeper, of the class of “68, wasborn on
the farm on whith he died, near Galesburg, Michigan,
June 3, 184%, and died March 35,1584. Between the

lis father resided as Judge of Probate. We suppose it
was here that he received his first achooling. After their
vatnyn to fhe farm in 1861, he hat no other advantages
for learning than were afforded by an ordinary district
school. He cutared college in 1865, and graduated with
8. Fle ie the only one of the five not personally Known
io the historian, but such facts and estimates a6 have
been gathered will be given here. a. .

. He was a good student, unusually qniet and retired,
almost reticent, but well liked by his classmates. “There
were vo societies then, and class ties were: perhaps
atronzer than at prevent. He tatignt successially duriug
nud after bis course; but soon after gradnating, ne took
charge of the ome farm. Then be brought ali-nis
energy and ability to bear. His mother writes that he
carried his business along successfully, and under great
4 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

difficulties. He never married, but lived alone with his
mother, He was sometimes censured for staying 20
closely at home and not mixing more with his fellow
men. We are informed, however, that he loved his
books, and enjoved the society of the cultivated and
refined. If he did not often leave his home, he may lave
had good reasons that we know nothing of. He made
entomology his avocation, becoming very proficient. At
add times he had gathered and classified a large collec-
tion of specimens which he willed to this college,—an
institution for which he had a warm regard. THe was of
a uniform, cheerftl temperament, and care ful of the com-
fort of his mother.

in the autumn of *83 he sustained u serious fall, strik-
ing on the back of his head. He fell a long distance,
but it seemed to cause no permanent injury sive An
occasional pain in the head, He gave no warning of his
deranged condition till four days before his death in
March, when he said to his mother, “1 have never before
had any disposition to injure amy one oF to destroy prop-
erty.” Ele afterwards planned to burn the buildings,
which, however, he did not accomplish. The day before
hisdeath, he told his mother that he had been tempted to
take his own life. She persuaded him from the noon
for the time, but the next day he went to a atraw-stack
vn a field and shot himeclf, In some way the straw
became ignited and the body was nearly consumed. He
eoomed to have had a suspicion that he was becoming
deranged, for at one time le said to hig mother, * What-
ever happens remember that Ged is guiding me, and
that Lam a Christian. I don’t know but Lum insane. If
co it would not be so bad, for I should go to the asylum,
associate with the better class of patients and tend
fowers.” He had an idea that he might be taken to
prison to be with the vilest af the vile.

To us it comes asashock that our number should be
broken in such a manner, but to the friends, how deeply
they lament his hard fate none of us may ever know,

Morse W. Jones was born at Richland, Kalamazoo
county, Michigan, November 1, 1859, and died at the
same place on May 14,1885. In his boyhood he attended
the diatrict school, and afterward the seminary at Rich-
land, In the year 1876 he entered this college and
graduated in 1880, “ He was all wrapped up in his col-
lege brothers and their societies,” writes his father. He
tanght during hig courae, but the next summer after
graduating, he entered the law office of Edwards and
Stowart of Kalamazoo. In August of the same year he
changed to the office of Otis and Otis of St. Paul, Min-
nesota, and in a short time was their head clerk. They

say of him that he was the best student they ever had. |

He loved the law with all the ardor of his ambitious
nature. He had refused a professorship in the Miss-
issippi Agricultural college to pursue its study. In addi-
tion to his reading aud office duties he took upon himeclf
the keeping of the books for two business firms of the
place. This employed him tll late at night, and proved
too much for his constitution to bear. He had been

troubled for some years with nervous dyspepsia, and his

nerves gave way under the fearful strain. Me returned |

to his home within a year, harassed with his disease,
worn out with his work, and weakened by # general
breaking down of the nervous system, He was in that
condition in which he coukl not control his thoughts, nor

at times express his ideas. He was living what to him |

was a blank existence.

Quiet and rest, however, partially restored his health,
and he went to assist his brother in a store in Minne-
apolis. This was in November, 1852, and in July, 1883,

he returned worse than ever, The two years between
this and his death was a suceession of his various tor-
ments, till with blasted hopes and defeated ambition,
tortured in body and tantalized in mind with the knowl-
edge that he must forever give up the high prospects he
had worked for and hoped to attain, what wonder that
the enfecbled mind gave way.

It firet took the form of despondency and moody
insanity, It was a question whether he entfered most in
body or in mind. At times he said he could hardly
endure it, but for three years he bore his sufferings
patiently. One of the keenest of all waa the certainty
that even if health should in a measure return he must
forever relinquish his high aspirations, oned so promis
‘ne of fulfillment, now so dead,

[c came to loathe his books, and had noe inclination to
study. ‘The last two months of his life he suffered
beyond account. When for a time his nerves were quiet
he was almost too weak to walk, but this would give
place to nervous spelle, during whieh he did evervthing
upon the impulse of the moment. Two days before
his death he told his mother that the Devil had gained
complete mastery over him, and that he could no longer
control himeclf. On May 14, he yielded to his last im-
pulse, and going into his mother’s room shot himself.
Death was instantaneous, and his sufferings were ended.

Of his life those who knew him need not be told; ardent,
cencrous, cheerful, a universal favorite. His was a rare
nature, seldom met with, always loved. - His prospects
were brilliant, and the writer feels no hesitation in saying
that Morse W. Jones had few equals. Lis short life was
a promise unfulfilled, a atrugele without its reward. Yet
his kind nature had its influence, and it is not for us to
say that his life was without effects.

So much for the lives of these two brothers, whut
should be said of their death?

Let not the fact that they took their own lives mar our
memory.of their goodness, Let judgment be left to Him
who “doeth all things well.’ What distorted thoughts,
what fearful visions distracted their minds! What
strong impulses arose with no strong mind to repel and
pat them down, How fearful when the mind feeds on
its own decay! Who of us would have done differently?
Who of us may not sometime do the same? In honor
to their lives, in justice to their friendship, in sympathy
with their afflictions, I implore you remember them as
you would had this not been, Exercise the same charity
we may sometime need, and our dead brothers will suffer
nothing in our memory. None of the five were married,
and all but one died in the morning of life, while yet f
held nothing but promises. The loss of our brothers
teaches us that while ambition is laudable, it should go
hand in hand with judgment and moderation, lest we
destroy what we are secking to develop.

Death has entered the families of some, how many the
historian does not know. W. W. Daniels lost a little
daughter in 1884, Tay Sessions lost his wife by death
within a year after their marriage, and Charley Parker
lost the wife of his choice only the day after the death
of a little son of six. :

But Lam reminded this should be a history of the living
rather than of the dead. The historian’s information
concerning individuals is very meagre. It is difficult to
ascertain. ‘The most successful are very reticent, and it
would be unfair to give detailed mention of those who
happen to be personally known to the writer, There is
much worthy of mention in the lives of the living.
Many have reputations widespread and enviable. About
these the historian is no better prepared to apoak than is
THE COLLEGE SPECULTM,

—

5

almost any other member of the alumni. What is said
will, therefore, be in general terms, concernine the masa
and not the individnal. °

We number now 361. Nineteen are dead, and 342 are
living. Of these twenty-nine were added yesterday. We
welcome them with the hand of brotherhood, and expect
them to do battle manfully. Their mettle is yet to be
tried; we truat they will not bo found wanting, © Year by
year the course broadens and deepens, until it is probably
no exaggeration to state that no other class has had the
advantages enjoyed by that of *85. Fighty-nine have
been added since our last mecting, One of our lost ones
is of this number, *81 is still the largest class, number-
ing thirty-three.

n loss by death the classes of "70 and ‘1 have each
three; "61, °60, and °83, each two: “G4, “88, "Ps, °T9, "80,
"81, and ‘83, each one, “79, 81, 84, "83, and '84, have
each a lady member.

Fifty-five have taken the degree of M. S., an inereage
of fourteen since the last meeting, (Two were granted
yesterday in addition to these numbers.) Forty have
tuken various degrees from other institutions. But two
degrees were taken from other colleges till by the clags
of "70. There are some in every class thereafter except-
ing “84, “75 is the only class till "31 with no M. 8.
Four of this class have taken LL.B. The class of *76,
with seventeen members, has but one M. 8., and one
LL. B. Every member of *62 took M.S. in ’64, and the
class of "64 euch took M. 8. in 67—the only classes in
which each has a second degree of any kind. he first
to take M. S. was A. N. Prentis of 1. The greatest
number of second degrees held by any class is nine by
ove ,

In point of residence we are scattered over twenty-five
States and territories, and two foreign countrica, Oregon,
Montana, Washington, Idaho, Utah, Texas, Kentucky,
Florida, Germany and Japan, cach has one; Louisiana,
two; Minnesota, Mississippi, and Wisconsin, each three;
California, Nebraska, and Missouri, each four; Kansas,
five; Colorato, Ohio, and New York, each six: Dakota,
seven; District of Columiia, Indiana, and Illinois, cach
eight; Iowa, nine: Michigan, 217; and 125 are in the
state of matrimony, governed by 148 little rulers—the
children.
ranging from none to six.

We are engaged in twenty-two occupations, the major-
ity of which are in direct aympathy with the teachings
of the collere. 115 or $7 per cent are farmers, while 161
or 52 per cent are directly in the line of work the college
‘ teaches. This is exclusive of the c'ase of “84, not yet
employed. The bulk of the remainder is about evenly
divided between merchants, teachers, lawyers, and physi-
cians.

69 of us have changed onr occupation since we met

before, and #1 have changed residence, while 52 of them |
changed both. The business of some of us is of such a |

nature as not to admit of a permanent residence, and |
that of the younger graduates is more or less unsettled |

and liable to change. The total number of changes of
either occupation or of residence for the last three years
is 106,—the exact total number for the three years pre-
vious. Considering the increased number of graduates,
we are comparatively more steady and settled than here-
tofore.

Far be it from the purpose of the historian to hold up
these figures as indicative of fickleness or want of success.
It may be true in geome instances, but very many of the
changes have been among our most successful members.
Teachers and professors are linble to changes. A simple

They are very unevenly divided among us, |

growth and expansion of one’s business often changes its
name more than its nature. Such as these are indicative
of progress and fixity of purpose rather than of fickleness.
If we have any who are drifting along, aimlessly trying
this thing and that, hoping for lucky fortune to overtake
them, we may aay to such that fortune always travels
ahead of its man, never behind: and that, while we wait
for it to come up to us, it is but getting farther from
us, The historian can gay truthfully he believes we have
few if any such, The time since our last meeting has
been one of depression in all branches of business, and
every natural inducement to change has been developed.
This tendency is noticeable among all classes. The
farmer has had but meagre returns for the sweat of |
his brow; the lawyer finds that people cannot often
afford the luxury of a lawsuit; and the physician is
persuaded that in these hard times they positively refuse
to be sick if they can avoid it,

The fact seems to be that the whole country is settling
down to a solid basis of industry, economy, and thrift.
The sooner we conform our notions to this condition of
things the better for us; and I predict that among the
first to appreciate this state of affaira will be the alumni
of the Michigan Agricultural College.

The question is often asked, “Why are not more of
you farmers’ We answer, “As great a percentage of
our graduates follow the line of work taught in our col-
lege as do those of any technical institution follow theirs.”’
Not all graduates of law schools are lawyers, not all med-
wal graduates are physicians; farther, the Michigan
Agricultural College was not founded, nor haa it been
conducted with the special end in view of grinding out
an annual grist of farmers. It is a scientific institution,
teaching the sciences especially concerned in agriculture,
and no more. It is not technical, A large number
| choose their profession after entering college. It is not
supposable, nor is it desirable that all should favor the
same calling, As a rule our graduates are in hearty
‘sympathy with the agricultural class. All the world
| begins to look to mother earth as the great supporter of
| the race, and to feel the loss of the crops as a public
| calamity.
I

There is another and substantial reason why many
more of onr alumni are not farmers. A large proportion
of our students are wholly or in part self-supporting,
What shall such a one do who finds himeelf the next day
after gradoating with no carthly possession bat his
diploma? THe does not own a foot of land, nor anything
with which to purchase. In the world of business
| diplomas and clazs standings are not legal tender. They

are not quoted in the markets of the world. Is it any
/ wonder that he does not immediately become an exten-

sive and successful farmer? The farm requires a com-
| paratively large capital at the ontset. The business can-
not be opened on a small acale and increased at will.
It is expensive starting and money and results follow
slowly, and after a period of years, Ia it strange then
that he, for a time at least, turns to some other callin
requiring less capital and affording earlier results? The
great West has offered many opportunities, and not a
| few have availed themselves of the chance to secure cheap
| lands,

Many of our alumni catalogued among the various
professions, own and operate extensive farms. ‘These are
| among our older graduates, showing a love for the farm,
even if engaged in other pursuits. We are proud of them.
Their influence is both good and great; may their
numbers increase.

So much then for our history.

It is more a history of
6 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

the dead than of the living, but what other distinction
than of death would warrant us in dwelling upon individ-
ual excellence? Many there are among the living upon
whom the writer would be proud to bestow fitting praise;
but this would leave without mention many others fully
ag worthy, whose achievements are not personally known
to the writer. Many have attained marked success, and
many more will yet be added to the list that the world
delights to honor. We shall hear of them all in gocl
time.

In the countless vicissitudes of our life journey, this
history shows, and our experience proves, that the road
we set out upon with all confidence has not been especially
prepared for our comfort; and that success does not so
much resemble a stern old warrior who is to be valiantly
assailed, as it does a coy maiden, ever leading us onward,
fleet of foot and shy to be caught. Sometimes she seems
almost within our reach; suddenly she is lost to view,
and when next we ace her it is on some distant hill-top,
beckoning us onward. Over hill and through valley she
leads us a will-o-the-wisp chase, until we doubt if she
possesses a kingdom or a country, but roams at will over
the wide world. ,

Reviewing our journey we see many crooked paths
made by our uncertain footateps, But when comes the
“aummit of life,’ when we have reached the last emi-
nence, | imagine that each of us looking back through
the hazy twilight can discern his whole pathway, crooked
though it may be; sometimes over a bright eminence,
often along a dark valley, but here and there along its
whole length will be written, even if dimly in the shadows,
the word svecess. Tt may be only to our own vision for
most of ua, but I predict that there be those of our num-
ber whose pathway will be often illuminated by that
magic word written in letters of gold that all the world
may read. J imagine that, as the years flow by, we all
shall learn that success is not at the end of the journey,
but. lies all along the way.

The poem,

AN EFIC OF “61,

was delivered by O. E. Augstman, *74.
The President's address,

HIGHER EDUCATION,
By 8. MMi ord,

GENTLEMEN OF THE ALUMNI: —Allow me to greet you
once again and welcome you to another reunion, the Sth
in the series, We meet under circumstances full of hope
and encouragement for the instifution we cherish. We
do not meet for games of strength and skill, for recita-
tion, philosophic discussion of abstract questions, or
classic orations, as did the Greeks, but rather as humble
representatives of a modern institution of learning,
devoted to the liberal practical education of men accord-
ing to the necessities of the present age.

he day of our dependence on the old methods of
education and mental discipline iz past; our apprentice-
ship to foreign lands and ancient learning is gradually
coming to a close, The millions who are daily becoming
partners in society and state cannot subeish on the sere
remains of a foreign harvest.

Within the last twenty-five years most of us have been
spectators before the rapid transformation scene in edu-
cation. Our comparisons must necessarily be between
the old and the new. The regime of the ancient Greeks
founded on slavery cannot be suitel to modern society
which is based upon a system of labor and individual
effort. True, we must never forget Greece or what our
age owes to her learning; the most ardent etudent of the

past can but admire the wonderful results of a people
once possessed of a marvelous system of education, 80
developing simultaneously the faculties of the mind and
the body as to produce types of human greatness whose
deeds and sayings will be engrayen on the memory of
men so long as civilization lasts.

The principle of the common law under and by which
our gociety and government ig regulated originated in the
dim past—under social conditions entirely foreign to
those in which we live. Still those same principles form
the foundation stone of our common law to-lay. But if
we were to attempt to apply that law as it was applied
in the carly centuries of English History we would find
it entirely unsuited to our present wants. It is only
those underlying grand principles to the origin of which
the memory of man runneth not back that have left
their everlasting impress upon modern society. So we
may measure the education of the Greeks and the Renais-
ance, It ig the impress their learning has left upon our
age. During the Mediwval Era the “ Revival of Learning
brought up from the tombs all that has made Grecian
life learned and great; at that period there was little by
the way of literature, except the ancient authors,

The age of Dante, Petrarch, and Chancer received
their inspiration for learning from the Greeks. The
monk was the scholar. The Church governed the State.
The achievements in literature were chiefly in the prov-
ince of logic and philosophy, which were utilized in the
department of theology and ethics. We are, however,
living in an age abounding in literature in the modern
languages. Consign all the Greek and Latin books in
existence to the flames and you etill have the whole lil-
erary firmament studded with the Tessings, Gothes,
Wordeworths, and the Miltons, and the whole galaxy of
the German, French, and English authors. Our age
may have inherited much that came from ancient learn-
ing, but the soil to which we are indigenous demande
different nourishment. The off quoted argument that
all our civilization was saved during the dark ages in the
literature of the ancients was pithily answered b
Macaulay, who said: “If ancient literature wae the ar
in which all the civilization of the world was preserved
during the deluge of barbarism, still we do not read
‘that Noah thought himself bound to live in the ark
after the deluge had subsided.’ Jsefore science became a
recognized part of our existence, the old way and system
of learning was all there was. In these latter days a
knowledge of the natural and physical laws is a necessity.
The study of man is the atudy of nature. No one can
be called an educated person who neglects this require-
ment, ‘lo use Huxley's metaphor, If it were perfectly
certain that the life and fortune of every one of us would
one day depend upon the winning or losing a game of
chess, we should all consider it to be a primary duty to
learn at least the names and the moves of the pieces,
and we should look with disapprebation amounting to
scorn upon the father who allowed his son or the State
whieh allowed its members to grow up without knowing
a pawn froma knight. Yet the life, the fortune, and
the happiness of every onc of us and those connected
with us depends upon our knowing something of the
rules of a game infinitely more difficult and complicated
than chess. Education is the learning of the roles of
this mighty game. It is learning the primary principles
of harmony, for all the laws of nature teach harmony.
Harmony in their forces as they affect men and control
their love for harmony in human action, for mon’s
passions, their likes and dislikes, their energy or want of
cnergy, their patriotism and reverence, their enperstition
THE COLLEGE SPECULUM, T

and intelligence all depend upon natural
and natural forces.

Climate stimulates or énervates, The necessitica of a
populace in a temperate zone demand intelligent labor,
and activity to supply its wants, while the torrid clime
enervates; its population wants lt little and nature
supplies that want without forcing man into activity,

With the advance of the sciences has grown the idea of
liberty in haman government: when fovernments were
alministered on the community plan, the head or king
direeted the body or subjects. ‘The governing powers
did the thinking while the populace blindly obeyed. So
long as the masses were ignorant of a possible better
condition in life, they were content. The development
of science, however, opened up new ideas of life and
consequently of government. Milton, himself a model
classical scholar, defined a complete and generous edn.
cation “as that which fits a man to perform justly, skill-
fally, and magnanimously all the offices, both private and
public, of peace and war.’ The present century has
elevated society to a new plain of life, as it were, and
surrounded it hy new means of existence and new appli-
cations of old phenomena.

The atate, recognising the advantages to the individual
arising from the invention of means to apply natural
lawa or principles and utilize them, made enactments of
protection and rewards: protection for the inventor in
wise patent laws, for the mannfacturer that he might
utilize the invention; rewards for those who would devel-
ope the natural resonrees and bring them within the
economic use of mankind. Thus far, however, legisla-
tion has been prompt mainly to aid known resulta,
While the State has generously fostered the Common
School, the College and the University haye mainly
grown from the conviction of the scholar and the gener-
osity of the individual. Slow, indeed, has boon the
growth of a knowledge that higher education, auch as can
be obtained in that institution which not alone instructs,
but explores, is a necessary adjunct to civilization which
must be fostered not for the benefit of the few, bat for
the good of the masses,

The knowledge of the common and primary school
lays the foundation for intelligence and morality, while
the college carries the mind into the higher realms of
thought, investigation, and usefulness, which directly
contributes to the State, enriching society as well in
intelligence as in material prosperity.

Let us then consider the subject in the light of the
benefits to be derived by, and the duty of, the State, in
the cause of higher education.

The fundamental idea of State aid in education is not
for the sake of education in the abstract. There is a
higher purpose recognized, a principle of social unity and
healthful influence, The old maxim was: “It is better
to educate the youth than to support him in the peni-
tentiary."" ‘That was purely a selfish reason for educa-
tion ; as society has progressed and men have prospered
there has grown up a feeling that the rising generation
have a claim upon us? The parent desires to loave his
children a heritage, either wealth, education, or a good
name. The State in the agerecate has come to the same
conclusion. ‘The parent feels a responsibility for the
household; the State for the whole body of its people.
_ The State is a social organization for the protection of
each member. ‘The greatest good to the greatest number
is the object and end of municipal organization, and it
has become a recognized principle of State policy to edu-
cate the citizen as a surer means of making him moral,
useful, and progressive, and it is this conviction which

surrowndings

permeates the masses and stimulates the State to extend
the hand of benevolence to posterity and forget in some
measure the selfishness of to-day,

The common school has been so carnestly fostered that
it has become a part of the family circle, so cherished
that it ig next to the church in every neighborhood,
while in centers of population it has sought out grades
until a systematic education leads from the primary on
through grades to the high school graduates; but the
common school cannot in itself complete the cycle of
higher education; hence the necessity of the college, the
university, with its doors open to the graduate of the
common school, inviting the student to the higher realm
of study and knowledge, thereby enabling him to gain
that higher development go necessary to complete the
nui,

The necessity for inatitutions of higher education is
fast becoming a recognized fact in every civilized com-
niunity, and the only feasible and practical way to
establish such institutions is by State aid. But what
oes State aid, or endowment, be it private or public,
lncicate? First. if is that higher education shall be fur-
nished cheaper than private enterprise could do. If
colleges aud universities were to exact fees which should
compensate the cost of apparatus and teacher, none but
the wealthy student could enjoy their benefits. The
great mass of men now in college would be shut out.
Any system of education which will exclude all but the
rich would be merely to establish a caste line. To those
above it, education and aristocracy; to those below it,
ignorance and servitude. The genins of our government
and our political methods must ever forbid such a
distinction, Among no people under any form of gov-
ernment can be found so many men of prominence in
society, in politics, and in public life, in church or in
State, who can boast of humble parentage, of hardships
and privation in carly life, of successes and heroic strug-
gles, as in this republican form of government; and why?
Because the common school has reached down to the
fireside of poverty, and fanned the breath of inspiration
for higher truths and noble aspirationa into the youth
whose mind poverty hag clouded with a veil of circum-
stances which under older forms of social administrations
would have remained unenlightened for all time. The
whole tendeney of our educational system is to invite, to
encourage, the youth, without money, yea, even without
friends, to avail himself of the cheapness and the advan-
tages of the public schools, Whatmore touching spectacle
is there than the sight of a youth fired with ambition,
looking up from and beyond the plane of his existence for
something higher, better, and nobler, but chained by
poverty to the lower round of the ladder. He pines for
the liberty, the opportunity to climb upward, but the
inexorable law of circumstances fetters him and dwarfs
his mind as his body matures until he reaches manhood,
ever after to lament his ill-luck in life. Each one of us
can recall such instances, especially within the short
limit of a generation past, and when we contemplate
them we cannot doubt the duty of the State. As the
quicksilver selects the finest particles of gold from the
rock and earth, and lets pass the dross in which the gold
was formerly imbedded, so the common school and the
college selects from the masses, and brightens and
builds into larger and nobler manhood the sparks of
intellect that pass through its benign and elevating influ-
ences, constantly sending forth stronger and better men
and women to swell the ranks of intelligent manhood. :

Second, But there is a higher ground why the State
should aid and educate its youth. It was a son of Illinois,
g THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

*

himself the most brilliant product of the common school,
who struck the key-note of our national existence in that
modern oration that has passed into the enduring history
of the world’s literature as a model for all time; stand-
ing on the battle-field of Gettysburg he declared that the
union soldiers gave up their lives in order that “*a gov-
ernment of the people, by the people, and for the
ople,”” might not perish from the face of the earth.
hat government is your government and my govern-
ment. It is alike a government for the high and the
low; the strong and the weak; the rich and the poor.
The humblest may, and often do, become participants im
the councils of the uation, while many of the most im-
portant functions of society are performed by scholars
and thinkers who seldom acquire a national reputation.
There are hundreds of avenues for distinction und for
power in our social organization, aside from the single
duty of administration. It has become a recognized fact
that the best scholars and greatest’ thinkers cachew
politics and public duties because they cannot conform
to the politician’s methods and because they can better
accomplish development and reform in seclusion.

The literature of our day does not come from states-
men or members of congress, but from scholars like
Edward Everett Hale, Wendell Phillips, Emerson,
Bryant, and Whittier.

Science, which is the leaven of modern progress and
the laboratory in which facts are analyzed and truth
ascertained, does not seek the office-holder or the legisla-
tor as its patron, but such men as Tyndall, Spencer,
Darwin and our own Winehells and Youmans. But we
cannot develop wise counselors, scholars, or scientists
without higher education, and in order that higher edu-
cation may be accessible to the poor and the wealthy
alike, the State must furnish it, not merely on account
of the poor and gifted echolar himself, but because it is
best for society and for government. We need all the
trained minds we can have, strong, well balanced and
well furnished minds. It is by such minds that our
natural resources are developed, our material prosperity
enhanced, our mental and moral natares elevated and
the relations of mankind in society and gowl government
harmonize; without such minds the wealth of treasure
in the bosom of our earth would forever remain unknown
and undeveloped, as it did for the ages during which the
aborigine roamed the foreet and slept all unconscious
over the richest mines of gold. With euch minds barren
hills and desert lands may be made fertile, prosperous, and
invincible,

It is by higher education that the poor youth is devel-
opel into the man, Genins docs not germinate in the
cradle of the rich alone; the rarest gems are often found
in the humblest settings.

In a clay built cottage two miles from Ayr, Borns was
born of parents of the poorest peasant class, yet from
him arose the sweetest song that ever echoel from the
Scottish hills,

Faraday was the son of a smith and apprenticed to o
book-binder.

Franklin enjoyed those early privations which seem
to foster greatness. His father was a dyer and after-
wards a tallow chandler awd soap boiler,

John Marshall, the greatest of American jurists, was of
a family of fifteen children, limited in means and educa-
tional facilities; his schooling was principally under his
father’s tuition.

Webster was Lorn in a sparsely settled frontier neigh-
borhood ani laid the foundation for his education in the
common ecaool,

Horace Mann, the American statesman and educator,
was born of farmer parents with limited means. [is life
and career is one of the brightest examples of the benefits
of the common school and the university; educated in
the district school his scholarly taste and perseverance
enabled him to graduate in Brown university, from
whence he entered upon his useful life, and to him edo-
cation in America owes a debt that the present and
coming generations may acknowledge but can never

It is to Abraham Lincoln whose ancestry ia almost
woiknown that we owe the final obliteration of slavery
from our government,

No nation can afford to shun the help euch minds give
it, No nation is rich enough to ignore the seeds of
genius which fall in the obscurest homes.

It iz from such germs that some of our greatest ele-
ments of civilization spring.

When Eli Whitney took his degree from Yale, the
eouth was languishing and its inhabitants emigrating for
want of some occupation to employ their industry.
Cotton was the great staple, but it could not be cleaned
with profit, In 1703, and within a year from the time
he graduated, Whitney had invented a cotton gin, Im-
mediately the whole country became active. Individuals
who had been sank in poverty and idleness, suddenly
hecame prosperous and wealthy. In that invention the
history of America was changed, and not only in ovr
government, but in all the world. That cotton became,
aud still is, king, may be readily recognized when we
read that in the year before Whitney arrived in Georgia
the total export of cotton from the United States was
sixty-four bags of three hundred pounds each, while our
annual product at the present time is estimated at about
six millions of bales. This invention and all its conse-
quences owes nothing to statesmanship or to ai ministra-
tion. Its results were inevitable. The social and
commercial relations of the world were so changed by
it, that statesmanship has been exercise] for a century
to adjust them so they shall keep pace with the current
which had its source in Eli Whitney's genius. And this
treasure waa the gift of a boy born in a farming town in
Worcester county, Massachusetts, a boy whose genius
urged him on to acquire knowledge by application—who
took his bachelor’s degree at Yale, and with the advantage
which a higher education gave him, soon gave to America
and to the world his invention which revolutionized
society.

It is to such men as Fitch, Stevens, and Fulton, who,
if uot always elneated in the universities, received aid in
the higher schools of technology, that the great west of
America owes its present developmout; without the
invention that applies steam to water and laut naviga-
tion, the great territories, now teeming with millions and
producing from mine and soil a marvelous wealth, would
be wild and barren.

When Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States in
1803, Livingston, the American Minister, discourage:
the purchase as useless and wrote to Jefferson: “ I have
told them that we have more land than we can use, I
have told them we shall not send au emigrant west of the
Mississippi iu a century.”

In settling the boundary line west of the lakes in 1814,
John Quincy Adams and our representatives were £0
indifferent as to the territory now forming Wisconsity,
Minnesota, Iowa, and Dakota, that the English negotia-
tors were informed that we considered these lands of so
little value and the period so remote when they would
be settled that we were perfectly willing that the boundary
THE COLLEGE SPECULUM, }

line should remain excluding us from such territory. It
could not be forseen at that early day that steam would
be applied on land and water to such an extent that all
of this spurned territory would become the homes of
millions and the heart of the nation,

These gifts and inventions did not come to the country
from the plans of statesmen; in fact, as these two
inatancvs illustrate, statesmanship was wholly unable to
grasp the possibilities of a ucar future, the germs of
which were then planted ly Whitney and Fulton. We
do not argue that genius or education has no place in
statesmanship, but rather to show that the underlying in-
fluences of society at times come from a source not even
suspected by statesmen, Genius is often dormant—like a
latent bud springs into leaf and flower when least ox pected.
Tt ia often the thought which is matured in the brain of
the obscure scholar that grows and enlarges until it
sweeps down through civilization, changing all and
elevating mankind, oftentimes perhaps unrecognized, yet
nevertheless potent. "

Third, True statesmanship recognizes the wutversity
and higher education. India a few years since was a
vast continent crowded with ignorant millions, For
commercial as well as philanthropic reasons the British
Government fostered education and encouraged Christian
workers among the natives. Their progress has been slow,
but these higher influences have been working, and to-
day there exists in that empire an educated Christian
_ Class of native Indians; officers and judges are selected
from them for the government, and the English parlia-
ment has recently entertained a bill to give this class of
natives the same rights enjoyed by residents of India of
English birth.

The British Government, acting upon the knowledge
that where ignorance disappears the wants of a higher
civilization will manifest themselves, grasped the trae
theory of social elevation. The controlling motives in
their case may have been witha view to produce material
results. Yet the fact remains that when the State fos-
ters and supports education the best results ofttimes grow
from the smallest promise.

The Emperor Nicholas of Russia during his reign pros-
trated the National Universities: originally they were
organized after the German model, but the Czar took
away their independence by imperial decree, placed them
under rigid police regulations; favoritizm and even bri-
bery became the channel to professorships, and education
became impossible to any but sons of nobles. It was
decreed that the Bureau “should restrain the unbridled
impulse of the young people of the lower classes toward
& higher education, through which they would only be
Bure to pasa ont of their original and proper condition
without benefit to the State.’

Slavic civilization was the ambition of Nicholas, He
especially denounced the western idea of mental and
moral independence and individuality; a pure monarchy
was the model: sought, and the boast of his followers
was “That an all directing aristocracy was the only
means of preserving national greatness."’ This idea of
national unity led, as it inevitably must, to a want of
cohesian among the members of society; spontaneous
action, and individual responsibilities were auppressed,
the soldier and the civilian alike became a mere attom-
aton. The links in the national chain lacked moral

force to bear the strain of the whole. rimean
was the fire which tried the metal of the two civilizations.

This was a contest between western civilization founded j
on individualism, on the one hand, and the oriental idea |

that the unit of society is the community, on the other.

The Crimean war | . !
woven that neither can exist without the other.

The results of that war taught all Russia a humiliating
lesson, Of Nicholas’s policy, says an eminent writer:
i The wdministrative fetters which had cramped both
universities and schools and had been effective in aup-
pressing every spontaneous movement had wholly failed
to fulfill the purpose for which they had been forged.”’

For half a century the rest of Europe had been ad-
vaucing in civilization and power, while Russia had been
standing still, When Alexander the Second came to the
throne, profiting by the experience of his predecessor, he
at once began the work of reform. He abolished rank
as the sole merit to be obtained in a university. He
caused a new code to be prepared. He placed merit and
intelligence in power, increased the number of teachers,
endowed the university liberally, established scholarships
and encouraged students of auperior talent to attend
foreign universities, and even pensioned her scholars for
long service as such. Industry and independence were
encouraged, standards in studies were raised; the German
echool was again made the model for the whole Russian
system of education.

Under Nicholas the nation had learned through bitter
experience her weakness. Under his successor she
returned to the spirit of Peter the Great and Alexander
the First to regain by independence in culture through
her schools and universities what she had lost by her
neglect. ‘To-lny Russia supports aa a government policy
a net-work of common and grammar achools, numerous
gymnasiums, and cight universities, each university
receiving from the national treasury about $300,000 per
HLT.

Asa part of this reform she has emancipated her serfs
anc established the seeds of local representative institu-
tions which will sooner or later lead, even under her iron
clad monarchia! heredity, to a liberal if not a wniversal
aliitrage.

We are not without a striking illustration of the intlu-
ence of State supervision and government aid in public
elucation in the history of our own country.

As carly as 1649 the colony of Massachusetts estab-
lished a avetem of free schools in order, as recited in the
preamble, “That learning may not be buried in the

rave of our fathers."” Throughout New England schools
of all grades became the care of the States. This policy

rew and extended itself into the government of the
northwest. In the ordinance of 1787 it was enacted that
“religion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to
good government and the happiness of mankind, schools,
and the means of education shall forever be encouraged.”

The common and higher school of the northern States

is but the outgrowth, a branch, as it were, of the tree of

liberty, of progress and enlightened civilization, whose
roots draw its nourishment from the principles embodied
in that ordinance, and with its fibers extending back into
those enactments which had their origin among the
colonists in Massachusetts.

When these Northwestern territories withdrew from
the fostering care of the general government, Congress
had bequeathed to them the common school and the
college as its most sacred heritage. The common and
higher education were henceforth to go hand in hand.
They were inwrought into the very conception of the
State and have from the beginning formed a part of its
life, growing aa it grew, strengthening with its atrength,
until both common and higher education are so inter-

But while early in the 17th century New England wag
sowing these seeds of public education, the south adopted
an entirely different policy. The spirit of the southern
10

THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

—s

colonies early partook of the okt autocratic idea of civile
ization. It is written that an early governor of Virginia
publicly thanked God thut Virginie lad neither free

ress nora free school, The colonial history of the south
partook largely of the spirit which was opposed to the
general education of the miasacs, and throughout the
history of these States down to the close of the civil war
there can be said to have been no change of policy.

All the life labor of Thomas Jefferson to found in the
gauth a broad and comprehensive system of public edu-
cation amounted almost toa failure, He sneceeded in
establishing the University of Virginia, but was unable to

aecure a system of common and primary schools, 30 |

necessary to the success of such a higher institution. The
university without the common school is like the pyramid
in the deert, majestic in design, but without apprecia-
tion among the dwellers on the barren plain at its base.

The characteristics of civilization in the sonthern
states was opposed to an education which would clevate
und educate the middle and lower classes. Their idea of
civilization did not rest upon the intelligence of the
masses, hence any general system of education which
would benefit all classes was repugnant to their theory of
covernment. The wealthy or aristocratic citizen could
educate his sons in private schools or send them to the
north or to Europe. They had no desire to provide a
avstem of education, the first effect of which would be to
threaten their own predominance. The atmosphere of a
slaveholding oligarchy could not endure the sunlight of
intelligence which should shine alike on the high and
low, on the slave as well az on the Brahmin. Hence that
confusion and utter helplessness in the south when the
eivil war left them without the slave and without the
intelligence among the masses upon which they could
build a new civilization, Nearly a quarter of a century
has passed and the first signs of returning prosperity to
these people is accompanied with the common school
founded by the State and the nation.

The general opinion of mankind in all Christion
nations has been to foster, in some form, edacation., bor
eighteen centuries the church has held an open and to
men of high or low degree to enter her portals and
imbibe a generous learning. She has with an ove single
to her glory endowed her universitics of learning, taught
her followers to establish acholarships, persuaded her rich
to endow her schools and aniversities, so that instruction
might be open to all who would partake.

The rulers of every nation in Europe have cherished
schools of learning: they have endowed them liberally
and male them accessible alike to peasaut and prince,
kings have come and gone; dynasties have lived and
perished, maps of Europe have been made and re-made,
and yet her great Medieval schools, where for centurics
acholara have trooped from all parts of the world, stand
as imperishable monuments of civilizatiou—perennial
eprings, fresh and perpetual as the youth who are con-
stantly kneeling at their feet, imbibing of the waters of
knowledge which llow as unceasing ax the Danube and
the Rhine.

It becomes all the more important in a government
which fosters invention and research that the State
should endeavor to give direction as well as facilities to
the intelligence and genius of her youth. Whenever any
element in political economy becomes a factor of sufficient
importance, legislation comes forward to appropriate and
utilize it, Equally so is it important that legislation
should recognise and utilize the mental development of
the young men and women of the conniry. This is
eminently a government by the people as well as for the

ee er

people, and when our councilors fail to recognize mental
development as ane of the most important whjunets to a
cowl government, they allow the foundations of their

| political organization te crumble ant sooner or later

decay. Wise legislation which promotes higher education
is the hiehest form of statesmanship, The power of
ealleges and higher institutions of learning as generation
after gencration of men [iss through them i more

| potent than any instroment of civilization Known ta

eochty.

It is a common saving among modern Englishmen
that England owes her greatness to her younger sons. By
the law of primogenitare in Kugland the exelusive right
of inheritances belongs to the elthest som (or danghter),
conse iently thie YOUN ger Bos zh ocdincaterd aml prepared
for active life, while no more is expected of the elder on
than that he shall stand sponsor, as it were, for the
estate of his father.

Su, likewise, it is the men who have gone out inte the
world from Harvard, Yule, Brown, Andover, and Mich-
ican University, and who are going forth from our
westetn quel newer universities, that shape the growth
aud «reatness of our nation. The men who preside over
and shape the destinies of our colleges and universities
are daily wielding an inflaciee and power which perme-
ates the land. The lives of such men as Wayland,
Dwight, Woolsey, Everett, and Walker lave shaped the
minds and lives of thousands of young men who after-
wards became moving forees in our government. They
sent ont teachers, preachers, lawyers, judges, doctors,
men of science, al manufacturers: such men to enter
aud mingle with the misses of a people who were build.
itv at nation, became the leaven of those misses; every
man of them knew that mind should rule the body, Tt
was from sticli men the orators, the preachers, the inven-
tors, andl the statesmen came. “They were the men who
brilded the influeness which controlled our country,

Not one of these presidents of colleges ever became
famens as an mlmnimiatrater in the government halls, buat
their services have been amd are eternal. “The principles
which they taught were absorbed by the youth under
them and by that youth applicd to practical life; the
errcumfercues cannel be described which shall linvit the
influence of a great scholar and teacher. None the loss
is this grand werk progressing to-lay; our eminent
scholars and collexe workers are at present as faithfully
and eternally performing like services. What has been
accomplished for the limited in number, hy the Everetts,
the Woolseys and the Waylands in times yast, has been
nud is now being dene tn oa broader fickd aml a more
universal methed by the Porters and the EKliots of the

l older institutions, wud ly the Augells, the Bascome, the
| Peabodys, and Jastly, but not least, within these walls,

by one whont we hemor amd revere, an Abbot.

li is the duty of the State te foster and encourage
higher cdueation. It is a duty the State owes to ibs
children as hunan beings. Ibis one of the first aims of
zociety bo help amen aud women make the most of them-
selves. Jt is a duty which the whole municipal hody
owes to its constituent parts, Tt is an obligation due ta
the poor as well as the rich, the genius and intelligence,
whether found in the lat, the farm-honse, or the
WLLL S101,

Dr TT. CL Abbot. president of the college for nearly 4
quarter of a century, made a closing speech to the
alumni.

At 3 o'clock the business mecting rejissembled in
the chemical laboratory and was entled to order by
President Millard, “4.
THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

11

LG, Carpenter, "79, called the attention of the alamni
to the work of Ex-President Abbot in connection with
the college, and asked their aid in promoting a project
already started for procuring a portrait of Dr, Abbot. to
be placed in the library. The movement was highly
commended by H. A. Haigh, 74, and Eugene Davenport,
"78, and on motion, H. A. Haigh, 74, L. G. Carpenter,’ 7,

ba

and A. J. Cook, "62, were appointed a committee to draft
auitable resolutions in regard to Ex-President Abbot, and
also to have in charge the question of procuring a
portrait.

On joint motion of C. E. Hollister, ’t1, and H. A.
Haigh, ’74, the nominating committee were instructed to
appoint a committee of five to take charge of all matters
relating to college affaire, including. legislation required
for the best interests of the future of the college.

The committee on resolutions made the following
report, which was adopted: -

WHEREAS, After thres years’ absence from our Alma Mater,
we again meet under circumstances of peculiar interest and en-
joyment, marred only by the regret that Death has removed
from among us famillar faces and loving voices that we would
fain have seenand metagain, Therefore

(1) Resolved, That to the families and friends of our dear de-
parted we extend our sincere sympathy, and that the loss we
feal in the ending of these young und noble lives extends ta the
collage and the community at larze.

(2) Resolved, Toat we hive learned with sorrow of the en.
faebled health which hia compelled President Abbot to relin-
quish the duties he has so long and ably performed, and that we
gach and all foel that his simple, earnest life las been an im.
portant factor in guidi g usin paths of truth and patriotism, and
that our alncere hope is that be may be spared many years of
health and activity to continue to exert his ennobling Influence
upon the youths who visit those halls of learning.

(3) Resolved, That we heartily welcome our new President,
Hon. Edwin Willits. and that we fully eudorse the sentiments
he haa expressed concerning the college and its future, and that
we pledge him our earnest support and active sympathy.

(4) Resolved, That whereas it has pleased God in his infinite
Wisdom to call to higher fields of libor one who has earnestly
labored with us, and for us, bo it resolved that in the death of
Secretary Robert G. Baird we suffer the loss of an efficient sup-
porter of our college, a Christian genileman, and good citizen,
oat our decpest sympathics be extended to the mourning

amily.

(5) Resolved, That we are glad to ace in the organization of
the mechanical department the approaching fulfilment of the
idea of the founders of the college, who believed that agricul-
ture and the méchanic arts should be taught, and that mindful
of the full benefits to be derived by a perfect mechanical courae,
we trust its growth may be mode co-extensive with, not sub-
veraive of, the higher development of the purely agricultural
features of the college.

(6) Resolved, That we witness with pleasure the progress as
shown by the organization of the veterinary avd military de-
partments, the experimental work and the general efficiency in
the other departments of work and study.

(7) Resolved, That we reaffirm our unabated faith in the la-
bor-system of the college, and heartily enderae the views ex-
pPreased by President Willits concerning It.

(6) Resolved, That we conzratulate the State Board of Agri-
culture on the many evidences of progress visible everywhere,
and that we recognize anew great efficiency in our Faculiy as
ingtructora as shown by the thorouzh literary and scientific work
of the students in the commencement exercises of the college,
bulletins, ete.

(9) Resolved, That we heartily endorse the action of the
State Board of Agriculture in the appointment of an alumnus,
Hon, H. G. Reynolds, aa lia secretary.

(10) Reaelved, That we extend our hearty thanks to the
State Board of Agriculture, the Faculty and the several commit-
tees, for thelr efforts in helping us to have a pleaaant and profit-
able meeting.

R. C. Carpenter, 73, called attention of the alumi to
the Srrcvnom, and asked their hearty support.

OQ. Clute, "62, said that he considered it the beat college
paper published, and thought it onglit to have the sap-
port of every alumnus. .

Hon. C. J. Monroe, nearly four years with “61, was
added to the number, receiving the degree of Master of

Science, Aug, 19,'85, He made a few welcome and
appropriate remarks, in which he expressed hia approval
and hearty support of the labor system as being the
means of instilling into our graduates a healthy and con-
scientions liking and respect for labor.

The nominating committee made the following report,
which, on motion, was adopted:

Officers for the ensuing year:

President, E. M. Preaton, 62.

Vice Presidents, A. C. Williamson, ’72, R. Haigh, °69,
Byron D. Halsted, '71.

Secretary and Treasurer, F. 8. Kedzie, *77.
sg ator, C, W. Garfield, 70; Alternate, F. E. Robson,

Poet, H. W. Collingwood, '83; Alternate, W. W. Rem-
mington, “80,

Historian, Mrs. M, J, C, Merrell, 81; Alternate, C. C.
Lillie, *$4.

Executive Committee, C, W. Garfield, "70, Geo, A,
Farr, Vo H. A. Haigh, *74, A. J. Cook, 62, C. E. Hollis-

r, 61.

At 7 o'clock p, uM. the Alumni assembled in the Botan-
ical Museum for a reception, where cach alummus was
presented to President Willits. The evening passed very
Pleasantly to all, and at 9 o’clock they descended to the
first floor of the Botanical Laboratory and banqueted,
followed by toasts, O, Clute, 762, officiating as toast-
InaAsoOr,

‘Taking every thing into consideration the reunion was
a success, and thoroughly enjoyed and appreciated by
all. Many of the Alumni who were expected to be pres.
ent were not, and many were surprised at meeting friends
and classmates wholly unexpected. As our numbers
increase the meetings become more interesting and enjoy-
able, and it is hoped that in “88 an extra effort will ba
made by every alumnus to be present.

The music for all exercises during commencement
week was farnished by Speil’s orchestra, Detroit.

~~ gaa a ae ~ a

The Influence of Climate on Plants.

A. A. CROZIER,

In the improvement of plants it is important to
know the influence of the conditions under which
they are grown, as well as to preserve any useful vari-
ations which appear.

Plants of the same kind vary in size, form, color,
fruitfulness, hardiness, composition, and other re-
spects, and these variations are more or less perma-
nent. These variations are not always accidental or
at random, and some of them at least are apparently
due to detinite natural causes. Modifications may
arise in a given climate through the direct influence
of the climate, or by a continued preservation of use-
ful variations which have arisen there from other
causes.

It seems to be established that plants re-
moved from the locality of their greatest develop-
ment toward their northern limit of existence,
not only become dwarfed in habit but often become
more fruitful, have brighter colors, a larger compara-
tive leaf surface, a shorter period of development,
and thrive at a lower temperature. These changes
are probably all of them useful to the plant im north-
ern latitudes, and there is considerable evidence to
indicate that most of them may oceur through the
13

THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

direct influence of the climate, without the interven
tion of natural selection. ;

In determining the cause of any difference m
growth observed between tie
there are so many things to be considered that it 1s
not surprising that little is known of the causes or
conditions of variation, Since, besides the difli-
eulty of distinguishing the intluence of one elernent
of a elimate from that of the others, it is sometimes
the case that a modification may be capable of
being produced by more than one cause, as dwart-
ness by either cold or dryness. But a determina-
tion of the intluences of the elimates of special
localities, even without knowing the particular ele-
ments of climate producing the changes, may be
of use. Aside from general observations, however,
I knew of but three or four mstanees of experi-
ments undertaken to observe the growth of seeds
from the same source in different climates, and
but one chemical analysis in such a case. Along
any single line knowledge increases Very slowly, and
especially on the border between the seientilic and
the practical when most of all there is use for ait.
Meanwhile isolated observations, many of them
directly useful, are being made, which may ulti-
mately aid in determining general questions which
will have a wider practical application.

For example, many observers have noticed in
Europe a northward incrense in the size and green-
ness of the foliage of many plants, but they do not
agree asto the cause. Some consider the changes
due to the amount and distribution of the light im
high latitudes; but until we have o more exact
knowledge of the funetion of chloropliyll speculations
based only on the supposed relations of that element
to light and the plant may Le open to question, The
general use ot the leat, however, in the ecomomy cil
the plant is well known, and we can see the need of
a oreanter leaf surface im a rigorous climate, where the
eourse of vegetation requires to be completed as
rapidly as possible; but pleasing as the idea of direct

adaptation may he, there is uo priori reason to sup. | ,
parent mite.

yose that such a climate would of itself develop
larger leaves.

Again, growers recognize a choice of localities for
the production of many kinds of seed, and when the
seed is not the part for which the plant is eultivated
this is often a Joeality different from the one which
produces the best erop. Inthe case of the onion for
example, Whieh thrives so well in Bermuda, it is néc-
essary that the seed should be grown at the north.
From other cases of this kind there seems no reason
to suppose that efforts to produce home grown seed
should in all cases give as good results as seed from
some other locality.
mives the largest crops with seed from farther south,

other species if pursued

| themselves as those of Indian
plants in diiterent localities |

as an art with persistence
enough to develop varieties differing as much among
corn differ.”

Ann Arbor, July 20.

ah RE =

A New Phytoptus.

of the Speculum have no-
the upper side of the leaves
been likened in
These are quite

Probably many readers
ticed the teat-like galls on
of hard and soft maples, which have
appearance to rows of nine pins.

-eommon in all the northern United States. They are

yeddish, and like other kindred galls o

Corn tor ensilnge in this state |

and Ido not see wliy the same should not be true to |

some extent with the smaller erasses, though I have
no observations on the subject.

A better knowledge of the intluence of climate will
nid in determining the success of plants in other
countries, in adapting varieties to special localities,
in the improvement of varieties, and in determining
the best source for seed for particular purposes. “

I cannot close these notes better than by quoting
the words of Mr. Blodget on acelimation im Climatol-
ogy of the United States. Tle says: “The ense of
corn sliggests hew questions in regard to the acelima-
tion of many plants of tropical ovigin, and new
views of the modifications which climate alone may
effect on all that we eultivate. It 15 possible that
acclimation under these conditions may present
transformations wot less extraordinary with many

irritating presenee of some very M1

produced by the 4
I*, guipes ate

nute mites, of the genus Phayfoptes.
tacks the soft maple, and P. acericold the leaves of
the sugar maple. Our lindens andseveral other com-
mon trees are also made to contribute to thie support
of other species of these gall making mites. Prof,
Cook has recently described a new species ol these
mites which infesis the wild plum. These galls are
ven ol the un-
Within the galls are the mi-
nute mites which are so small that they are hardly
visible to the unaided vision, but when viewed with a
hand Jens appear as minute white vital specks, as
often they mre seen in motion, These mites when
viewed with the compound microscope are found to be
spindle-shaped, largest about one-t ird the distance
from the head to the opposite end of the howdy, ane
tapering gradually to the posterior end, and abruptly
to the head. The mites all show seomented bocies,
there being about sixty segments im the plum mite.
These mites are very abnormal, in that they possess
only two pairs of legs, while most mites have eight
legs when fully matured, The mouth parts are quite
fully developed, and several pairs of long hairs are
discovered, the number and position varying with the
species, ‘The tip of the body opposite the mouth 15
sucker-like, and doubtless aids in locomotion, The
strangest feature of these mites is the prodigious Blze
of the eves, whieh are two-thirds the diameter of the
These eges are laid in the galls, and
the nucleus and nueleolus are plainly visible while yet
the eves are within the mite. The oviduct opens on
the ventral surface near the head.

That these mites are quite harmful to the trees is
quite obvious, as will appear upon slight examination
of a soft maple just west of the bee honse, [tis quite
likely that the application of some insecticide just as
ihe mites commence their attack in the spring might
destroy them. It is certain that picking off affected
leaves would stay their progress.

ae to

Svmpathetic Nerves.

der sile of the leaves.

De. Gaskell has given in a recent number of the
Journal of Physiology some very interesting [nets as
to the anatomy and physiology of the sympathetie
system of nerves. Heretofore our plysiologists in
speaking of these nerves have stated that some of them

are medullated and some non-medullated, these latter

being referred to as gray nerves, Any reason for this
difference has not been siven. Dr, Gaskell finds that all

| nerves connecting the spinal eord with the syrpathet-

ie ganglia are medullated, but as the nerves leave the

eanglia to pass to the involuntary museles, whether
to the vaseular or visceral organs, he finds some med-
ullated and some non-medullated. The non-medul-
lated or gray nerves cause the museles to eontract
when they act, while the medullnted are nerves of
inhibition or relaxation, hence their action causes d-
lation of the tubular organs, whether arteries or mn-
THE COLLEGE

SPECULUM. 13

testines. Each involuntary museular fibre then has
two nerves, one non-medullated, which induces con-
traction, the other medullated, which seems to call
fora halt in the action of the non-medullated, and
henee induce relaxation of the museles. We thus
have a definite knowledge of the histology and physi-
ology of these nerves, and are no longer forced to
state that some are medullated and some non-medul-
lated, with no explanation or reason for the difference
of structure. There is reason to believe that the
medullated fibres come from the spinal cord, while
the non-medullated arise from the ganglia of the
sympathetic system ; the first are tonic in their action,
the other inhibitory.

Published Quarterly—August, Oetober, April, amd June,
BY THE &TUDENTS
— oF —
THE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE,

cat ==

TenMs, 50 CENTS A YEAR; SINGLE NUMBERS, 15 CENTS.

ADVERTISING HATES MADE KNOWN ON APPLICATION,

fee All subacriptions will be regarded as continued unless

we are nothied to the contrary.

ee

i
= ie Ne

BoeARD 6&F BUTTS Be.

—

PME RL A THETA FRATERSITY,
T. A STAS LEY, Bdlitor-in-Qluier 22-0... .iberary Articles, Eelitoriale,

RATURAL WISTORY BACTETY.

CRION LITERARY SOCIETY,
WUE, (OPT TOON ooo. ce ca ee ee ee ee ee ee
ECLECTIC SOCIETY.

DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERSTIY,
tha Ba TETRA cc mee eee tee eee ee

—
WAL RIN NAN 2 occcccce ce cee seen ce eee senses Dginess Manager.
Wror., 8. JOUDNSOUN, oo. ck cee ceeeee eee e eeeeee eee ce eee ee Tren,

= es af
_—— _ —

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, MICH., OCT. 1, 1885,

Wrrn tuts number, the Srecutvm takes pleasure im
ereeting a new class of students, the largest that has
entered for many years, now numbering about one
hundred and six.

Freshmen, we give you a hearty weleome, and feel
assured that you will profit much by spending four
years in this institution, among the first in the State,
and of its kind second to none in the country. With
our numbers swelled to over two hundred one can
imagine a more lively appearance here than for some
time past, and such is the ense, It is exhilarating to
gee the students streaming across the lawns every
morning to fill the chapel to overtlowing, and it is a
pleasure to attend chapel with such an audience.

With the entrance of such a large class we congratu-
late ourselves upon the absence of hazing and disor-
derly conduct of any kind. Now and then an inn-
eent appearing “freshie” receives a heavy precipita-
tion of dew, which, though much disliked, has the de-
sired effect. We despise hazing and the destruction

coe ee SEE,
aoa. College Sewe,
4. LL

wee ECO ges.

tore ones PePSOMAls,

a

of property, with which our older students are ac-
quainted.

With the appropriations granted the College last
winter, and the liberal patronage it is now receiving
from the people, we can but predict a rapid and sue-
cessful growth of our Alma Mater.

But now that we are provided with means to-teach
more students we are not supplied with accommoda-
tions.

There are at present a few more empty rooms and
others with but one occupant, but with the present in-
dications these will soon be filled, and what will be
done with other students who may come?

'l'o be sure they can be crowded three into o room,
but this will be a very unpleagant method, and one

| which will bring about results disastrous to study.

We therefore look for a new dormitory in the near fu-
ture, and with this must come other new buildings,
for already are many of the class rooms becoming too
small, to say nothing of the little space to spare in
the chapel.

We PEEL grateful toward the Alumni for their con-
sratulations and praise expressed to us during com-
mencement, and we only hope the Sprcvnvm mierita
the recognition thus received. While acknowledging
your words of kindness, we are at the same time aware
that there is room for criticism and for improvement.
We endeavor to treat all mattera justly; yet due
bounds may oceasionally be overstepped, and certain
points may be given undue prominence, in conse-
quence of which outsiders may receive wrong impres-
sions. The facts are what we endeavor to give, for
we do not believe in speaking of matters in such a
way as to create a favorable impression not deserved,
nor do we believe in belittling anything when it justly
deserves praise. Werecognize the fact that this pa-
per was created by, and for, the students and Alumni
of the college. Its columns are therefore open for you
to voice your sentiments on any matter within our
provinee, and we therefore invite correspondence from
any of our subseribers, retaining, however, the right
to reject any and all articles deemed by us object-
ionable. Having orally, as a body, expressed your
appreciation of the SPECULUM, We how invite and pe-
tition every individual Alumnus who has not already
done so, further to express his appreciation by prompt-
ly remitting his subscription for the ensuing year.
We have succeeded in entering the SPecuLvM as sec-
ond class matter at the Agricultural College post-office,
and now with the expectation that all subscriptions
will be promptly paid in, and with a monthly issue in
anticipation, we look for a successful future.

Tue Examinations of the lower classes happening
during commencement was a considerable drawback
to the enjoyment of the oecasion by these students.
It is rumored that hereafter the examinations will be
finished before commencement week, This change
the students will hail with delight.
14

THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

Coumexceuenr week began Sunday, Aug. 16, with
ihe bacealaureate discourse of Pres. Willits. His sub-
ject was Measure for Measure, Value for Value,

The day was beautiful, and the chapel was filled to
overflowing, by students and friends of the College,
who listened with unabated attention to a discourse
replete with grand and noble thoughts, and delivered
with great earnestness and forec.

The music for the afternoon was furnished by a
male quartette from Lansing, adding greatly to the
enjoyment of the occasion. Monday examinations of
the lower classes began and continued till Wednesday.
In the evening the fraternities and open societies held
their hanquets, and the festivities extended into the
wee small hours, Tuesday found the majority of the
students quite tired and sleepy, yet all were one as to
the complete success of the previous evening.

Tuesday evening the class exercises of “ "85" were
held in a large tent erected for the week just in front
of the large stone planted by the elass of “73.” This
tent was capable of holding one thousand, and on this
oceasion it was mearly filled.

The program of the evening was as follows: [ta-
tory, J.D. Towar: Poew, C. TH. Hoyt; Oration, C. 5B,
Collingwood; Sfatiatices, PG. Towar: Propheey, Ti
M. Bates; President's Address, TH. EE. Thomas.

All the exereises were well written and well deliv-
ered: and nothing occurredio mar the pleasure of
the evening.

Mr. Collingwood’s oration, Phe Ltoncers af To-mor-
raw, was worthy the close attention which tt received,
and reflected much eredit upon himself and his elass,

Exeellent music was furnished for the evening and
the two following days by Speil’s orchestra, from De-
trott.

At the close of the class exercises the class banquet
was given in the botanical laboratory, to which some
over one hundred sat down.

After partaking of the bounties on a well spread
table, the guests were treated to a number of short
but entertaining toasts proposed by E, A. Bartmess
and respouded to by D. Jd. Stevker, J. It. Newton,
E. T. Gardner, FY. L. Chappell, E. 5, Antisdale, and
President Willits.

The speeches were Interspersed with songs by the
élass. Wednesday brought as beautiful a day as
could be asked for, At about 10 a. ma. twenty-nine
seniors took their seats on the platform in the tent to
pay theirlast respects to their Alma Mater, The
orators and their subjects were: I. M. Gates, Netion-
al Preqress 5 PLL. Chappell, Selene crite Adricultere;
J. ¥. Clark, Cafture in English Literntire; J, A, Dart,
Pleasure ia Sctentine Study; HT. French, Socialism;
ROW. Hemphill, fw, Qorie at Present; T. D. Hime-
haugh, rolution; J. D. Towar, Preparation, then Ee-
apouselelity,

After the ovations were delivered the diplomas were
presented by Pres. Willits, and the exercises closed
with a benediction by Dr, Abbot,

In the afternoon a laree amlience assembled to lis-

i bell time.

ten to Pres. Willits’s inaugural address. This address
has been printed in pamphlet form and ean be had
on application to the President or Heeretary of the
College, so that favorable comment—and no other can
be siven--is here unnecessary.

At the close of the discourse the class of ‘'°65" was
addressed by the Honorable Russell A. Alger, Govern-
or of the State of Michigan, im words fitly spoken, and
words that will long linger in the memories of the
eraduating class.

In the evening the President held a reception at his
house, which hundreds attended, to congratulate him
who lias come here tostay, to build up the institution,
and place it at the head of all agricultural colleges.

The callers were greatly pleased to meet in com-
pany with the new President and Mrs. Willits, the
Ex-President and Mrs. Abbot, whose genial eouuten-
ances will long be remembered by all past and pres-
ent members of the College.

Thursday was Alumni day, an account of which will
be found in another eclumn.

Thus has passed from these halls of learning an-
other elass of bricht and promising young men who
take with them the best wishes of all. Their last
days may certainly be regarded as the happiest, and
indeed all seem to look upon this commencement ns
the pleasantest that the College has ever withessed.

Amona THE beneficial resulta of military diserpline,
the habit of always being prompt is of no small im-
portanee. The trouble caused by tardiness is illus-
trated in the ordinary affairs of the business world,
and need not be enumerated here. But we do hope
to see the day when promptness will be the rule here
and not the exception,

At present tardiness meets us on all sides. The
bell on which we all depend for the correct time is to-
day ahead of time, and to-morrow as much behind,
Asa result we are called to our meals either before
they are ready or after they are too cold to be relish-
ed. Some professors, admired for punctuality, ex-
pect classes to be in their places by live minutes after
Now if the bell is three tofive minutes be-
hind the correct time the students are very likely to
be as many minutes late to their class. As a conse:
quence they are put to much inconvenience, at the
same time disturbing the rest of the class.

The fault of this tardiness cannot be imputed to the
student, but there are cases in which the student di-
rectly is to blame. There are students among whose
characteristies that of always being belind hand is
most prominent. ‘The annoyanee to the class caused
hy one member being three minutes late is too well
known to be described. But not only that, if the lee-
ture be the first thing, the tardy student loses much
of this, which he eannot obtain without much trouble
| to one or more persons.
| ‘The results of tardiness in these eases are experienc-
| cd by but few. In the eases of weekly lectures and
rhetorical exercises, and of Sunday services this an-

a a

THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. 15

noyance is felt by a much larger number. It appears
to be a regular thing to have a half dozen or more
etudents string along into the chapel on these days
after the exercises have commenced. The annoyance
thus inflicted on the audience is too great to be toler-
ated, to say nothing of the embarrassment caused to
the speaker.

Af a recent lecture by our Lieutenant, a pause was
made now and then to allow an intruder time to take
his seat. This threw the attention of the audience to
the intruder and seemed to embarrass him to a con-
siderable extent. Now this embarrassment would in-
deed tend to make a modest youth more punctual,
butte one who seeks to attract attention nothing
could give more satisfaction.

The military officers are much troubled of late by
privates reporting after the line has been formed, thus
necessitating a repetition of much work, beside eaus-
ing inconvenience to all. If some penalty could be
inflicted upon tardy cadets the desired result would
soon be reached.

However, we are happy to say that punctuality is
more marked now than a few terms ago, and we do
believe that by a constant attention to this matter by
students and faculty, punctuality will soon be the rule
and not the exception.

At THE close of the last two or three terms the pro-
fessors have experienced more or less trouble in fixing
the time at which the various examinations are to be
held, After the hours have once been set by the
faculty, some of the students are dissatistied, and
then a desperate effort is made to change the time.
These efforts begin to be made about three days be-
fore the examinations are to take place, and are con-
tinued until examinations are finished. The resulta
are generally the same—nochange in the time; but

the time spent in classes and the fuss made is too |

considerable to be allowed every term.

With the classes mixed as they are, it is an impos- |
sibility to suit every member, but with care in the |

first place the hours can be so arranged as to suit the

majority and then let it be understood that no farther
If the present term closes on |

change will be made.
the 25th, and examinations are continued up to noon
of that day, many students will be unable to reach
home in time to enjoy thankagiving the next day. We

therefore hope that examinations will be so arranged

as to do away with any wrangling as heretofore.

THERE Is A prevailing sentiment among the students
and Alumni that the Seecvunrem should be changed
from a bi-monthly to a monthly, that is, issued eight
instead of four times a year. We have often thought
of the matter, but have been waiting for others to
make the move, There are some disadvantages to
the change as well as several advantages.

Should the change be made the size would be ent |

down to nine pages of reading matter, and the sub- |

scription price remain the same.

— - ——

The work of the business manager would be in-
ereased ten-fold by having to mail the same number
of copies eight times instead of four, The editors
would naturally have the matter on their minds con-
tinually instead of having a month of complete rest as
at present. But this latter would be counterbalanced
by the diminished amount of matter to be collected.

With a monthly issue the college news would be
more fresh, partiewlarly to the students. The person-
als also would be of more recent date, and what is of
more importance they would tend to be more truthful.
The editorials would dwell upon events or topics of
the day, and not be made up of articles written six ov
eight weeks beforehand.

In general the interest taken in the paper would be
much increased, for now the paper is almost forgotten
between issues.

Yes, we favor the change, but we think it the duty
of the students to order the change made, Therefore
let them think it over and if deemed advisable vote
for the change to take effect November first, or better
the middle of next March, and let the paper continue
to be issued onthe middle of each succeeding month
of the school year.

We Hap the pleasure of entertaining at dinner
Saturday, Aug. 12, Mr. P. C. Reynolds, editor of the
American Rural Home, Rochester, N. Y., Mr. F. M.
Hexamer, editor of the American Gardener, New
Rochelle, N. Y., and Mr. C, A, Uber, of Falls Chuareh,
Va. These three gentlemen were on their way home
from the Pomological meeting at Grand Rapids. They
seemed to be well pleased with Michigan and her edu-
eational advantages. The papers they represent are
among the first of agricultural papers in this country.

Brerse cnowpep for space the poem by A. KH. Angst-
man has been resery ed. for a subsequent i 1ssue.

COLLEGE NEWS. 7

Register.

Welcome, "Sit

New Students.

Hot weather for September.

Ask Prof, McEwan if he ts busy,

Did you taste the piznickers' pie ?

About ninety students are drilling.

A ditch is being aurveyed in No. 15.

Meck sophomores ; nolay freshmen,

All students should take the SrecrLum.

Prof, MeLouth now resides in his new house,

Prof. Gook attended the fair at Flint Sept. 24,

Call and pay that fifty cents toward the SPECULUM.
President Willits attended the fair at Flint S-pt, 24.

Prof, Johnson attended the Biate falr at Nalamazoo.
Ensilage is made, and the average “soph.” is happy,
Hiratn T. Freach, of “33, is now foreman of the farm.

Corn is alleutin Nos. Fond? Tt was avery fair erop
Ask Launstein if the people are all well around Owoaso,
The chemical club now numbers eighteen active membérs.
Our new buildings are rapidly being pushed to completion,
Everybody goos to chapel—facuity, visitors, and students.
Sunday school picnic from DeWitt on the grounds Sept, 26,

16

THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

Visitors on the Campus Sunday, Sept. 27—some body's ainiine.

Ask F. C. Davis and W. H. Clemons if they are surveylog in
Wo, 15,

Dr. Kedzie and F. 8. Kedzie take turns in teaching chemical
physics.

Our new mechanical course starts off In a very commendable
manner,

“Ladies, would you Ike to visit the wild garden, or rather,
the museum?"

The Specunum is now entered as second-class matter at our
little postofiice.

Nearly all the new men who are taking military drill are pro-
curing uniforms.

Hare you met the freshman dude? Don't every freshman in-
quire, “Is it I?"

Weare indebted to our efficlent libra:ion, Mrs. Merrill, for
the Library Notes.

The editor of the Detrolt Free Press son ia now numbered
Amon our ranks,

Mr. George W. Park has returned to college.
gradnate with old "86.

A large number of visitora have been noticed on the college
grounds by your seribe,

Prof, Johnson reports that the sophomores are dolog good
work on the farm thle tera.

Secretary Reynolds and family are living in the house lately
occupled by Secretary Baird,

He expects to

given at Portland next winter.

Frof, Beal expects to have the popular part of hia work on
“Grasses” out by next whiter.

The need of the English department for better quarters was
never so evident a5 at present.

Our freshmen are nearly ail city-golng fellows.
must be attractive. Yea, very (7).

Frof. Bailey has planted a larze number of tamarack in the
little awamp north of the Library building.

Mrs. MacEwan altended the re-union of the pupils of Dr, and
Mrs. Stone in Kalamazoo, Sept. 25 and 34.

Visit the new summer house just ¢ast of Williams Hall.
js to have a thatched roof made of rve straw.

Dr. Abbot has returned somewhat improved in health; but
yet he is unable to take charge of his classes.

The seniora who elect military have recitations in faclics
every afternoon during school week at 5 o'clock,

Every room in our dormibories is occupied save the single
exception of the dark room—one without windows.

Boventeen Varleties of wheat have been cown on the farm this
fall. Most of these varletles have been sown in small plots.

Fifty-six sophomores and forty-flyve freshmen delivered
declaumationa before Prof. MacEwan from Sept. 22 to Sept. 26.

Rev. Washington Gladden, D. D., well known to the readers
of the Cendury and North American Review, hos a son with us.

The hortloultural department furnishes labor for seventy-five
students. The juniors are compelled to work only every other
day.

The Horticultural department ia rejoicing over a splendid
erop of onions, the yield being 144 bushels to one-fourth of an
Ore,

Public speeches were delivered in the chapel Sept, 16, by
Benlors Brown, Cotton, Clute, Everhanl, French, and Ham-
mond,

President Willita states that the College has many very warm
friends up around Flint, and in fact throughout Northeastern
Michigan.

Bupt. Taylor, of the mechanical shops at the University,

visited the Uollege recently and was well pleased with what he
caw here.

Have you noticed President Willita making his way through

the different halls, stepping cautiously over apple cores and
melon rlnds?

At the picnic held here recently by the Sunday schools of De
Witt, one of the young ladies remarked that she thought the
College boys were ao nice and genteel, especially the Clemons
brotuers.

Mr. Sudworth, of the University is herc, drawing for Dr. Beal.
The drawings ore to be uaed as illustrations to the doctor's
coming work on Grasses,” Mr. Sudworth has quite a reputa-
tlon #t the University for his skill in drawing, and was well rec-
ommended to Dr, Beal,

Lansing

It

Our worthy editor-in-chief, T. A. Stanley, attended the mest.
ing for the advancement of science at Ann Arbor, during our
last vacation.

Weare very much pleased to note that for the first time in
the history of its existence our agricultural report has a decent
and intelligent index.

The essays of the seniors for the term with Prof, MacEwan
are on Wordsworth, Byron, Scott, Burns, Shelly, and Brown-
ing, and thelr works.

"SB has received quite an addition to her ranks from the now
men who have entered. The junior class has recelyed one new
member, W. E. Smith.

Twenty seniors are taking Chemical Physica; twelve, Pay-
chology; seven, Agricultural Engineering; nineteen, Veterine
ary; and twenty-three, Zoology.

There are 106 new students who attend the semi-weekiy elo-
eutionary exercises with Prof. MacEwan, and 97 of whom are in
hia classes in Eaaentala of English.

Mrs. Beal and daughter have gone to Loulsville, Ky., on a
visit. They will be gone several weeks, Thea doctor must
keep bachelor's hall while they are gone.

Mr. 0. G. White, with ‘88, of Purdue University, has entered
our sophomore class. Mr. White comes to us well recommended,
and with an honorable dismissal from Purdue,

The freshmen have elected their class offjears os followa:
President, ——Bartmess; Vico President, W. 8. Palmer; Secre.
tary, 0. G. Wilson; Treasurer, Groesbeck.

Mizs Tilton, the new preceptress of the Lansing high school,

Fre-ident Willits will deliver one of a course of lectures to be } is a graduate of Colby Aculomy, MN. H., of which Prof. Mac-

| Ewan was preeident before coming to the M. A. C.

Young lady of city to College student as one of our boys,
dressed in his military sult, passed by: “Why! dear— the
Reform School boys must have changed thelr uniforms.”

Our greenhous? is well appreciated, as shown by the flatter-
ing nolices it has received from the State press. This surely
reflects much credit on our efficient forist, Mr. Knapper.

wr. W. C. Hall, of ‘87, teaches the special classes in Arithme-
ile, Geography, and Grammar. These classes ave held in tho
afternoons, $0 as not to confilet with other collage duties.

All new uniforms are to be bound with black braid—the coat
with one-half Inch and the pants along the outside seam with an
Inch braid. The chevrons of non-commissioned officers are to
bo of gilt.

Prof. L. H. Bailey, Je., was awarded the Wilder bronze medal
at the mecling of the Pamological Assoclation, held at Grand
Rapids on Sept. 9, for his very fine and valuable exhibition of
wild fruits.

A goodly number of our students attended the last teachers’
examination in Ingham and adja-ent counties, We hear that
some of them were very mach faticued by their long and wear-
ri-ome ride.

Eizo Tamarl, our Japanese student, works four hours dally at
botany under Dr. Beal. He is now studying on the ustilaginm,
a family of fungi, which includes the smut of cora, oats, wheat,
and other grasses.

President Willits has been doing some interesting work in
Ancient History. Lately ho had the cluss out measuring off on
the grounds the sides of the Pyramida, aod also the slae of the
Temple of Karnak,

Prof. Johnson has purchased a new Barlow rotary corn plant-
or, Itis made at Quincy, I, and has all the latest improve-
mente in ite favor. He also purchased a Thomas smoothing
harrow at the recent State fair,

Threshing on the farm is floished. The yield in bushels is as
follows: Wheat, T24; oats, 1234; and peas, 73. This is an aver-
age of twenty-five bushels of wheat to the dere, fifty-four of
oats, and twenty-seven of peas.

Surely our College is on the broad road to prosperity, for
have you not noticed what larze fa vilies our new sceretary and
professor of mechanics have brought into our midst? “ Faculty
row" is no amall colony by itself.

Our late arrivals have consed smoking clgara and olgarettes
aon the campus. Wo presume they realized that ‘“Prexy" moant
bu-inees that morning in chapel, when ho referred gently to the
rules of the College in regard to smoking.

The juniors have, this term, essays on horticaltarsl subjects
with Prof. Bailey. This isa move in the right direction. In
most sclentifie schools studenta are required to present thesos
in all scientific studies before leaving them.

Prof. MeLouth lectured Wednesday, Sept, 23, in the chapel.
His subject was *‘ Galileo.” The lecture was very ably written
and delivered, and was much enjoyed by the students, One
thing is true, that the boys appreciated a good locture.
THE COLLEGE SBPECULUM. 17

i

President Willits taught the elasa.in pavehology last weok
Prof. Nelson, Suverinte ident of Public Instruction, was to have
the class, but lilncas has detamed him from so deluge. and in
hia place Prof. White, of Jackson, has been secured

Pref. Cook read an Wlustrated paper before the moetine
the American Pomological society at Grand Rapids. Senile
His subject was “* Eeonomic Entonoloey "Phe paper was
illustrated by drawings made by W. G. Everhart, of ‘st, :

Prealdent Wi lits attended the State fair at Kalamazoo. Tt is
reported that hu was exceedingly busy while there, srl jududriw
from hearsay, we are sure that the interests ane MH qualities
of old 'M. A.C." were not forgotten or even neglected for a
Tone.

The res dence of Mra, Baird at 612 Ottawa strert, Lansing
was burglarized Tueslay evening, Sept. 24. A wateh, sou
jewelry, and a pocket-book containine nearly $70 in money
were among the thinzs taken by the thief or thieves. No elev
to the guilty partles as vet

Prof. Cook acted as sole Judge at the fale ab Kalamagoo in
the department of the apiiry, At the recent fair at Qwoaeo he
took first premiums on Short-horo cattle. Shropshire sheep, and
Poland China hows, to the amount of £30, At Flint, Sept. 2
he acted as judge on Jersey cattle. ;

H. K. Lum, of Ann Arbor, is with us for a special course in
micro-photigraphy. He graduated in the med eal department
of the Tuiversitv with the class of '65. He is now assistint in
Phyalulogy, His work here will be chiefly to prepare mivroseop-
io alides illustrating his sullject in hand,

Why were not the senior orations announced Wednesday,
Sept. 16, by the professor in charge of the chapel exercises?
As it waa, no one knew anything about it, and when 4 o'-lock
game Prof. MeEwan and his seniors entertained empty seata,
That ia, if empty seute can be entertained,

We are now proud of the fact that we have a barber. Pe has
entered college as a regular student, and will o-cupy room 44,
Williams Hall, He comes to us from Hillsdale College, ond
whl enter the sophomore class. Out of sudy hours and on
Saturdays he will scrape the faces of our beardless boys,

Throurh the negligence of cur new democratic postmaster at
Langing, Mr. Moore brought back, September 24, the same
mall he had taken dawn to the city at moon. A screw is loose
aeomewherc. Let Grover keep his eves open, Cyril Sereice
fteform wae hia motto prior to the last presidential election,

We have a district school here at the Collere. Miss Harrison
ig the teacher. She has on roll some fifteen pupils. The plan
is to have the sehool continne all winter. There ls talk of trev-
ing to gel adistrict set off, which certalnly ought to be alowed,
as there are twenty-five pupils on the grounds of the proper age.

Base boll! The game played Sept, 4 between the freath men
and the College resulted nia victory for the College by a acore
of 23 to 8, Sept. 11.88 laid out the aspiring freshs |[2ta 11. It
was a very fine game. and but fortwo or three errors in the
Dioth inning on the part of the freshmen, “84 would have bad te
pull down her colors, There is material in “#9. eing it to light,

The farm department will make an exhibit of potatoes at the
Lansing fair. Prof. Johnson will show them for the purpose of
comparison, Instead of sorting over the crop mid exhibiting
atlecte! baskets, average hills will be shown. Thisseema to be
a fairer way of exhibiting, and will give yi-itors a better motion
of the éize and producing qualities of the diferent varieties.

Have you noticed the donkey and its drivers? Master Bert
Cook fee's quite proud over his new pet He now makes it
his specjal duty ta tuke his sister Katie and all the little girls of
“Faculty row" out riding. l'o see them driving that innocent
(7) little donkey around the grounds reminds one thai—

Eo lime @n bricht @r on Serene Ap pores,
As Lhat of hageyey chilis years,

Dr. C. E. Bessey, Dean of the agricultural school of the Tni-
yorsity of Nebraska, wus visiting here the fr-tof the term. He
Nite on his way to the mecting of the American Pomolaghoal

onleby,
Flora." He doiivered an evening address on “ Injurious Fungi”
ab the meeting in Grind Rapids. His address is amid to have
been very able, and was well received by the society.

For once in its history the College is practically free from
hazing. This is a move in the right direction. Iv isto be hoped
that the so-called relic of barbarism has at last been buried too
deep for resurrection, The ight of the increasing elvilization
brightens up this earthly spot where once the black cloud of
barbarigm enveloped allin utter darkness, Yel there are some
nolay, much-knowing fresiiea among us, and it seems hard to
Bea our worthy sophomores compelled by public opinion to
hang up the squirt-cun and the lantern. Sad experience of
some of our best students Is the great check or drawback to the
immediate declaration of hostilities.

While here, he spoke at the chapel on ' Pratrie |

ew

The Club bourding asso-iation of the students exists and
flourishes, The cluba have nearly equal numb -ra. aod harmony
has at lust bec restured, Mr. F. R Sooth, of 'sT, la steward
OF club “As” J.B. Cotton, of ‘80. steward of “B:" Mr, T. A,
Stanley, "Ai, of)" Mir, W. A. Kinnas, 86, of “D:" and Mr.
H. &. Theirs, "a7, of EL"

The offcers of the Students’ Organlz«tlon forthe ensuing year
are as follows: Poesidemt, A. L. Nichols; View president. J. N,
Fs abreoks Seeretary and Treasurer, H.W. Curr; Legal Board,
E. A. Whitvey, WoS Laurstein, J. B. Gato, TB. Bates, G.
C Crandall, LA. Brezgar; ile Auditing Board, J. W. Clemons,
. 0. Crandall, and W. A. Taylor,

, Hid you witness the sluggivg mateh between the two “Tom
Thumbs” of thecolege? I. was a‘ plenle.” A large erowd of
aixinugs boys assembled on 2d floor Wiliams hall to wltuers the
mate. At the end of the thei round‘: BP" showed the wh.te
feather, ant C— was declared the champion, Efferta are being
made to bring the “freshman champion” and th: “light-weight”
of the 3 -phomore class togeth-r in a imateh of five rounds,

We are sorry to state that we have som? freshmen who cers
tainly lack in the “upper story” in so far as manners ure con-
cerned, While the pienieckers were here from DeWitt several of
these amart ‘* Alecks” were around muking impudent remarks,
and in Various ways making themselves Very consiicuous. We
would say to such, “Go slow, or you will certainly come to
stief.” We mention no names; but, “if the shoe fits. put iton.”

Prof. J.C. Arthur, botanist of the New York experimental
station, and one of the editurs of the Botanical Gazetle, vi-ited
the College in company with Dr, Beasey. Prof. Arthur is a
eraduate of the Towa Agricultural Uollege, He spoke to the
students on“ Bacteria, the couse of Pear Blight.” At the
meeling of the Pomalogieal Society at Grand Rapids, he made
an address on the same subject, which was very well received,

The SPectLiA is read far and near. Its literary articles,
reviews, 6c.ety ii motes and papers, peraonals and college news,
are rel in some S00 families. and are of intereat not only to our
students and Alumni, but to ali lovers of knowledge, Our paper
has a serious tone to it, amd of course this becomes appirent to
these whe wre acquainted with our work and our purpose here;
for a cal) |eere, Piper, toa lange degree, refieets the seplrit of the
students that it represents,

The recent mee ing of the American Pomologieal society is
pronounced by all to be the best one tha: the svclety ever held,
The papers, addresses, und discussions were very much abowe
the average, The sociely voted a silver medal to Lr. Beal for
hia services as secretary, This is the highest honor the society
oan bestow upon any of its members, and was never given be-
fore for sérviews rendered the society, Dr, Beal may well be
proud of his hard-earned laurels,

Prof. Cook has received # curious ond interes lag specimen
from Coloride. Tt is pore ¢andy from the honey dew of plant
lice, This honey dew ia a secretion from the nectar tubes on
the bodies of the lice, Miv Gillett save ib ia as good candy as
can be procured at anyof the grocery stores. We take his
worl forit. Bees gather this secretion, but at the time this
was seéretod t.éy hed other work to do, and hence it was not
gathercd by thom, bot cther by that other boe-men.

Dr. Beal has reeeived touch praise for his eiicient work as
scoretary Of tie Atmerean Pomolosical Bociety, At the tine of
the meet in September, it was remarked by several able
men that De. Beal was the best secre ary the society ever had,
Owing to the pressure of other work the doctor refused reflec.
tion, Air, Charles W. Garilell was chosen as his suecessor,
This is quite an honor to Mr, Garfield, as he is by far the young-
est man ever chosen to act in the capacity of aecretury,

Au effort le being made to have the walla of our halls freed
from penell marks. ‘Vhis is a et-p whieh all lovers of nentness
god Gleantiness Will be elo to sec taken, = President Wiilits will
vis-t the halls ones a week, and will gladly do anything in his
power to add to the boys’ ¢enfort. The President says that he
thinks the boya are re iprocuting his eff rts in this direction,
The mechanical depart otis to have the heating of the dormi-
tories in charge. President Willits further predicta that ore
long we will bave our dormitories ¢lean, well heated, and
wholesome,

The question of establishing a street car line between Lansing
and the Colleve is being agitated again. We hope something
definite will be decided on soon. With our locreasing facilities,
we are gaining more students, and have now nearly aa many as
we can accommodate in our dormituries. If this line were es-
tablished a large number could board in the city, and yet reach
the Callege daily with only a trifling expense. It would thus
eave the state the cost of building a new dormitory asa it will
have to do in the near future, unless some other means ia pro-
vided for the atudents’ accommodation,
18

THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

Tn oe last ieaoe we referred to the numer that several of our
seniors conitinphited mateimeany alter ecmniencenvcnt = Lo oie
Surprise SOON afer Commence Eb we: received @ wedding card
inviling ws te attend toe wedding of BR. M, Bates bo Miss Alli
Osbern, of Hast ines. This clealy demensteabed bo your ecribe
that net only iad eertaln parties conteniplateal oiartia-e, but
that all the araingenitets becessiey Co Bu tha state of affaires
hod bees toade. Por fuller partleuliure see 11 Peraonals,

We listened toa conversation between a senbor aud a fresh
man the otherday, It was as follows: Freshmon: “oay, ped,
did you suy if Was a rule oot the College toat the freahiian mest
eweep the room, make the bed, dust the: fureiture, auch fh) the
lamp forhissentorpard?” Senior confldeatia iy; “Wes, indeed,
my deur; the faculty several years Wau es ee ee
organic laws of the College.” fableaa : bait of the freshman,
grea iv puzzled over that orgarnte few and the greatwese ad
Enewledge 7) of a senior.

Areport is in elreulation down town that tho walter girls at
the (ollege cet ao fat before jeavioe that le is almmoes: imp seible
for them to geb wwav. Aaa pesult wf this erraneois report,
eeveral persons hare taken the pal 5 to walk out hare in ender
to hire out to our stewards. The enewands will probably be
conapelbedd te el a meeting of the bey peollie im crea bo ferret
cub tie perpetrators of this matheiows set Our investhration
committee winks knowilogly at aur fat moun, and 16 showered at
twilight bemewth the windows of rove ha, —

Atthe State Board meeting hei at Lansing in| September
the following business was transacted; Presiicnt Willits wits
nathoriged bo paint the outside sleps ofthe dormiteries, Owing
to the fact that Der Abbot was injuicd in ollampung be get
aboard m sail beat, by the baum swinginge around umd iittivegr
hiv, amd that this lamented fact will present fil Breseee Lica tangy
his classes, President Willits wae anthondsed ta cna Sonne
ene to bear thas clusses im tral plibesupliy and paveholwy.
Poof, Bailey was inetrueted to complete the tiling for the war-
gen.

A few days aco Dr, Kedzie recelved from George W. Haigh,
af Moanuketo, Ming., Secretary of the Minnesota tate Farmers’
Ajdianee, two samples of wheat with the foilowlige shabenvent:

“Mo, lisasamiele of our goml Seoteh Fife whoat; No fa

sariple of tee or goose whert, I woud hike. if pot weking tou
noch, to have you give me an opinion of the food value of No.
@ the rice wheat The millers have told us that it isof no value
for making into flour, nor doe. jheontaim amy elements of hum
food, When frat inteodueed the Fife wheat was similarly
ireated by the millera, Now it ia our lecding wheat—really,
the rest valuable variety grown in the northwest, The riee
wheat is hardy, productive, and seems adapted ty our ellmate,
What ts ite real value ?°

This appeara tobe an renewal of the old battle beiween the
millers and the farmers over the introduction of every new arid
valuable variety of wheat, It reminds us of the old fight over
the Clawson in this late,

Now, aa then, Dr, Kedzie comes to the rescue of the farmers
against the millers. He has analysed both specimens Of the
wheatand reports to Mr. Haigh that the Scoteh Pile wheat con-
taina 4 per cent of albutminotds, pnd the rite Wheat contains
1442 per cent of albumineids. "The claiin vf the millers that
rive Wheat is of no value for making four and does not PD LeW ELL
any elements of human food, is direc ty refuted by the -@ resuls
of analyels, The rice wheat iz very renin t.@ @lements required
in human food,—even superior tu the Fife wheat.”

PERSONALS,

Te Elitor ol this Department desires the earnest co-operation of
the alow in aiding fim te Gli these columns with Inferesling Lice.
Gire occupation aince graduation, what offices bald, whether reurrhed
wormed, ete, Lat Leis recelme perce gel wttontion from every aims.

— — = =4

THRECTORY OF ‘5.
T. L. Parker, Elsie, Clinten Co., principal of the Elle school,
Frauk M. Woodmansee, Hastings, in an office reading Biack-

SLOG,

John W. Matthews, Coral, Montealm Co., principal of Coral
ache,
George E. Sprang, Lansing, traveling agent for Lansing Pa-

per Oo.

L G. Palmer, Napoleon, Jackson Co., assistant principal of

the high achoal,
L. F. Gladden, Lansing, plans the work for “the old man” on
his lathers farm.

J.D. Tewar, Lansing, will et'ck to the farm for he knows
there le money iti it.

a

ED

BR. W. Hemphill, Jr., Detroit, reporter for the Detroit Com-
niercial Advertiser.

bb. J. Strvker, Kiekeville, Iowa,
the Kirkerville schois

T.D. Himebauzh, Guelph, Ont., at the Guelph college taking
A eo ee la vets cure.

1 ¥. Cla k, Orion, Qakland Co., on the farm through the day,
but will not answer for bis nights.

Edward BR. Lake, Acricultural College, fitting himself for a
machinist ln the machine shop here,

Fred L. Chappell, Cveoper, Kalimazos Co., contrary to ¢ua-
tom, will acon dedleate a large Chappell to law.

E. A. Gartness, Lafayette, Tuil,, was obliged by week eyes
to resign his position as superintemient of Williamston schouls,

Cc oR, Collingwood, Pewamo, Tonia Co., priucipal of Pewamo
pout lee echuols, bepurks Pewamoa ead fell for temperanee
work,

t', H. Hoyt, Climax, Kalamazoo Co., principal of the school
at Climax. His cluss-day poem will soon be issued in pamphlet
fori,

Hutert M, Wells, Howell, ia with his father farming near
Howell. Probibitioniets tu that viclulty would do well oo look
him wfpt.

i. T. Freneh, Acricultural Collece, foreman of the Btote ‘arm,
knows another slate that would make him happler, “Name
the dav.”

H, BE. Thomas, Middleville, Barry Co., principal of the Mld-
Hieville sehoul. Will enter a law office at Eaton Rapids when
his setae d closis

J. BR. Newton, Tansing, always thought Ingham Co. rathor
awinipey. | beeitiet his ahere toward draining it. College cludes
with silk tiles will stusd asile,

WI. Power, Pontiac, Gakland Co., teaching for the present,
but anxiously awaiting the time when he can lntoluce the gifted
pod able Dr. Power 1 the publ

PP. G Towar, Agricultural College. atthe machine shop learn=
ing to boa machinist, May be Aultmun, Miller & Co, will want
hiro in thelr shops at Akron, Olina,

I. M. Gates, after Oct. 9, Ann Arbor, was married Sept, 3 to
Miss Allie Oslorm. of Hasiings, Hays “there's millions in it.”
Will eo to the Vulversity Oct. 9 for a course in lew,

Gt. Lawrence, Ypailantl, entered the senior class at the
State Normal awd will make teaching his life work. Since golng
there he has become a strong advocate of co-edqeation,

J. A. Dart, Petoskey, in his father's law office, Wants it un-
depstood that be don't go inte law ander any vireumetances, but
is helping his father and reading Blackstone at odd times out of
curhooily,

E. S. Antisdale, Nottawav, St. Joseph Co, is upon his farm,
and believes in doing his share of the work now because there is
meney init, 16 content to have a sister preside over the house.
But how long?

PDoe. is superintendant of

WA. Tahlke, “83, is studying lew at Tonla,

A. E. Calkin, ‘72. ls practicing medicine at Bath, Clinton Co,

H. A. Haleh, 74, is eeerelary of the Michigan club, etree.

J. A. Horton, "74, has charge of Prof, Coolc’s farm at Owosso,

TD. 8. Lineoln, ‘81, is reported married, Guiltw or not guilty?

Mis- Alice Johnson, ‘84, teaches this year in the Sixth ward,
Lanelng,

Lightbody, one term with ‘87, has returned to eollege and
joined "Bi,

Jason Woodman, "81, is aeeused of having a littla red Aalred
baby, a girl,

Prof, WLW. ‘Treey, 07, bad the misfortune this summer to
broak bls leg,

I.E Coulter, 82, is book-keeper forthe Belt and Leather Co.,
Grand Rap ds.

c, Mo Van Atia, with '88, 1s attending the Normal School at
Vilparnieo, Ini,

W. K. Pinedden, ‘78, is made happy by the addition of a little
elrl to his fumily.

Evgene T.. MeClear, one year with "86, will return In the
apritie aud join “Bs,

C.F. Stileon aed B.A. Burnett, who were with "#6 for a time,
are mow Lak anid join “8s.

H MM. Holmes, 'S1, has broken up housekeeping and gone
back bo hla bachelor's diem,

C. E. Hollister, “61, has the honor of being the first graduate
to send a éon to The Colloge,
THE COLLEGE S8PrEcUuLtM. 19

L. A. Buell, 84, is in the furniture business at Minne
Kansas. tapolis,
agencies f.r Grant's Memoirs. establishing

Fred Herrington, ‘84, is studying law in his brother’
Herringtun's, Uffice at Ponti uw, us brother's, C, E,

Prof, W. G, Latta, "77, has issued a bullet'n |
University on the culture of wheat, stn from Purdue

A, F. Kinnan, ‘83, is dischargin :,for the third year
of principal of the Fenton high school, year, the duties

G. W. Burdick, for a nomber of years engineer at th
is farming near Hu-laon, Lenawee Co, e college,

Charles &. Guile, 79. 1s prosecuting attorney at Bellair. An-
trim @o., and nob as given im the trienulal, * a

Eugene D, Millis, "62, has returned from the East and is no
superiutendant of the Willlamston schools, "

Prof. G. F. Davis, 80, of Culorado, paid a flying visit to the
college a week or two before commencement.

ag superintendent of the Grand Haven schouls, ourth year

Clarence M. Weed, ‘83, has been appoint-d assistant Profes-
sor of Entomology at Champ ign University, Tliinois,

J. 8. Dixon, with *85, is in Hagad irn's drug store at Lansing.
Will go to the Univer-ity this year te stady pharmacy, 8

J. W. Beaumont, "#3, 18 wel ing a series of articles on our
College for Saginaw papers, Go thou and do likewise,

Erwin F. Smith, at one time a special student in botany here,
has entered the University for a course in neteorology.

Miss Ella Wood, ‘84, is tuking the course for purses at
Harper Hospital, Detroit, and is now in charre of the soldiers’
Wilt,

F F. Rogers, ‘$3, was married at Marlette, Sept. 1. Frank
and his happy bride have the congratulations of his many friends
ait AL A.

Milton St. John, "83, lately spent afew days at the College,
He was on his way to Muscatine, Towa, wher he will teach the
coming winter,

A. N. Prentiss, 61, has been in Europe this summer, secking
health, His constant attenlant and medical advisor is hia whe,
who is an M.D.

Lynn Bonham, '84, has joined the great majority in Cincin-
nati He and his father are proprietors of a pork packing
establishment there.

F. J. Hodges, '#4, who has been here during the summer en-
gaged in advanced work in chemistry, has returned tothe Eclec-
tla Medical Collage, Chicago,

0. L. Grimes, W. Leisenring, Wm. Dothany, Charlea Baker,

all of 84, and M. E. Jones, two years with "64, will take a course
in pharmacy a: the University.

E. 0. Ladd, "78, js the happy possessor of ‘78's prize bov baby
He brought it with him to the Alumni meeting, and the baby
connoisseurs all pronounced it a beauty,

J. W. Beaumont, "82, who has been practicing law In Saginaw,
will suon go to Detroit for the same purpose. We predict a
brilliant career for him in the elty uf the stralts,

L W. Hoyt, ‘62, has been elected president of the Schubert
elub, Grand Rapida, The pross recety:ts of thia local amateur
vocal club for last season amounted to $1,600,

Kir. Foster. privcipal of the Fowlerville schools, and a gradu-
ate of the Normal achool, visited the college last week. He now
expects to take a special course here next summer.

0. H. Judeon, "86, is now ot his home, White House, Ohio,
Will soon bein teaching a five months schol, Intends to keep
up his studies and come back io the apriny to finish with "84.

Edward G. Eldridge, ‘86, succeeds his brother, Clark Eld-
ridge, "84, as principal of the school at Mackinac. He will con-
tinwe his college studies while teaching, aud graduate with his

class.

Louis D. Niles, '75, Ip much interested inscience. He attend-
ed the meting of the Association for the Advanesment of
Beience at Ann Arbor, He is now studying medicine at the
University,

H. K. Loum, with "65, has been apending a few weeks at the
Colie¢ge working In the Chemical Laboratory. He will soon
retatn to the University to assume the wuthes as assistant
teacher in phyaiolosy.

W. H. Coffron, "#9, who graduated from Ft, Myers in the signal
services with the highest-honora, and was sent bu tho central sta-
tion at Washington, ia now studying under Prof, Mendenhall in
the physical laboratory of the servieu, and is likely to be sent
to Johis Hopkins University to contloue his studies under more
favorable conditions.

A. A. Dodwe,'77, of Fowlervil's, visited the collewa a weelz
azo. He rejoices in the arrival o° a relative, Sept. 17, whom he

hopes in tive future will be the junior fairtner in the firm of
Dodge & Son, lawyers.

Will E Hale, ‘82, made us a belief eall a short time since.
Had just come from George Lawson's (with "82) wedding, and
was on his way te William T, Langley's, ‘82. Will, don't let
the good work stup yet.

J. D. Hill, ‘84, who spent the summer in the West, has re-
turned to hls howe at Moatpelier, Ohio, He thinks the West a

pour place fora man wit out capital, He expecta to begin the
study of Blackstune this fall, " .

A. ©, Redding finishes his post graduate course in chemistry
about the middle of Out. Will teach at Hamilron, Allegan, this
winter, 23 the eollege at Findley, Ohio, in which he was to bhaye
been professor of chemisiry, will not open this year.

W.C, Siryker, "64, his been visiting al the College for a few
dave, He wll teach this year at Dayton. EKemenbering his
old-time skill Whh the pencil we do not wonder tha: be contem-
plites a course in architecture at Cornell Univer-icy.

Burelars eutered the house of Mra. R. G. Baird in Lansing,
Sepe., and uad+ way with a water belonging io W. 8. Baird,
‘Ho, atid] between sixty aud seventy dollira of H W, Baird s, "83,
Bary WIL sea that the doors are shut after this when he goes
Lo bed.

B. 5. Palmer, 81, writes: “We are atlll watching with a rreat
deai of anxiety the resu.t of the dreadful disease which has
brouget my wife so neue deiuh's doar, She has bean conflued
to her bed for long weeks now, aud still looks ws though it would
be ws many more before she can leave it,

0. ¢. How .,"83, is on his father’s farm near Buchanan, He
and hia brother do neariy all of the superintencing of their
father’s fario besides running LOU aeres of their own, He has
heen inthe sheep-raising busliess, and leis many on shares.
Letting sheep, he says. pays from 50 to 60 per cent.

H. ¥. Clark, ‘Te, atended the alurnni meeting and made a
vigorous appe il to the faculty to have the overland route to the
Peninsular firm. so dewr to the acidents, ubliteratedl, and the
eoouiug of water-melons and aches done away with, and known
no mare t.rourh all the draary days in atorea for ML A.C.

We lately saw a West Point calendar for the lost school year
and were happy to learn from lt that T. H, Reese, with "85,
ranks tifth in his class—an enviable position at West Point,
He 14 now @ senior and will be allowed to caoose his department
ofthe aooy, provided he maintalos bis place throughout the
year,

Mr. O. L. Hershiser, "84, writes that ha has taken 4,090 Tha,
of honey, 2,500 Ibs. of wh ch is comb honey, from his bees this
summer, beavwles doubllong his stuck. He hes engaged the
Water Valluy school, Eria Co., N. Y., for toe winter at 852 per
month Mr Hershiser also made an exhibl: of honey at the
Erie Co. fair, on which he received every premium offered.

Dr. Abbot has returned to his homein Lansing He is not
fully recovered from the acaident he met with at Charlevoix a
eouple of weeks since. While sitting in a small sail-boat at
UCharlevols ha was struck by the jib-boom and thr-wn partly
inte the water, He remained unconscious for forty-eieht hours
after the biow, and was unable to sea any for five days alter.
He ia yet troubled with double vision caused by it.

W. T. Welch, with “84, is at home continuing the college atad-
jes aod working in the loterest of scignee by making prastical
applications of hia kKnewledge of chamistry. He bags the wierd
chuck in the following unique way; He stacte outauppllead with
a quantity of copper fliuga and some nitreus peroxide and a
large sack; artived at the den of the woodchuck he arranges the
auck over one hole leading into it, and applies the filings and
the perox de atthe other, The nitrous fames forced im svon
prive too much forth wowlehuck and he beats a hasty retreat
toward the opposite hole, wh re he is received in the sack and
quickly dispused of by the vietorious WILL

REVIEWS.

ce

a a a a i a a

Tan MoprricaTion oF PuaNtTs py Cuimatsr, by A, A. Crogler,
Ano Arbor, Mich. Published by the anchor, 1883. 35 pp. Boe,

This is a studious aml judicious collation of fucts concerning
the influence exerte.| by climate, or mure strictly by latituda,
upon the vexed questions relating tu the Variations of cultivated
plants. The author has made an industrious search through
the iiterature of the subject; his bibliography covers five pages,
Among the toples discussed ara the influences of climate upon
elze, form, color, cumposition, fruilfuluesa, and hardiness of
plants, with a few remarks upon acclimation. An especially
important Feature of the whole discussion is the impartiality
20)

THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

with which the author handles facts and the opinions. of ethers
It is evidently intended that a fuller py esemtatiun of the s bject
shall be made in the future as ite ws ‘of direct practical impor
tance.” bearing upon any of the questions disctssed are liviked,
Tt is to be becepreed that the chapter on aeelinoati om whil then le
given much greater altention, hia surt of condensed and
impartial collation of facts and experiences by competent per.
sone ie greatly needed In all branches fT practic iL wd popular
eclentifia research, and especially in the phenomena of croge-
fertilisation and ta britiaathon be the vegetable leirngechevew

Me. Crogier is « graduate of the class of To. and the present
éontribution earned him the degree of Master of Belence from
the University of Michigan. L. Ti, Be jr.

—

Wire's Haxp-Boor ror Treacners, by Emory C. White,
Albion, Ind. Published by the author, 1885, 29 pepe, Sa,
This pamphlet is a “ hand-book of United Slates History,

Literature, Anthmetic, Grammar, ete., for te chers ard stu-

dents.” It is the outgrowth of sehool-room pradive, a series of

arnopses embracing the suient points of the branches intro.
duced. mte ded te be n-ed either aa a euiide ta teachin or ae @
reference mintal. The chapter relaing to United Ftutes
hiatoey is a compendium in itself; it condenses wll the important
occurrences of Volumes into fuuricen paces. Pann patoes upon
civil gevernment compris the gist ofatext-teok. The chap-
ters on Hteratuce, arithmetic, and grammar need a fulker devel.
Open t. ;

Mr White was a member of the class of "82. but graduated at
Furduc. He has been a suceessfil teacher in Tidlana. andl has
been called lately Lo assume pe-ponsible duties in the same line
ln Peru. li. H. T. jr.

THe Mrenican Horricunrorist is the tithe of ® monthly
toacazine of which the September numberis So. 1 of volume 1,
with C. Wo Garlield, T0,editer. The first number » pens with
the portrait of President T. T. Leon, whieh is followed Dr & host
ofthe good things for whieh the genial aeeretary of our Stabe
Hortieulturel sevlety is noted, It is putlished by W. HH. Burr
& Co,. Detroit, at a subse iption price of oniy 31.00.

he Best Goods! Latest, Styles!
PRICES THE LOWEST.

A. TURNER
Dry Goods and Groceries,

11vand119 Michigan Ave, LANSING, MICH.

- . om!
WESTCOTT
1 5
No, 112 Miemtean Ave., Lansrxe, Micn.,

DEALER IN

Foreign and Domestic Woolens

AND GENTS’ FURNISHING GOODS,

———

TOM WESTCOTT, The Cutter,

BMIUGENE WILLIAMS

PROPRIETOR OF |

ind Hresiz rss
GRAND SYREET, on CasH Basis, |
BORTH OF AT
CHAFMARS TREASON ADIE
Hots#te. Pmicks.

SPECIAL INDUCEMENTS TO STUDENTS.
First-Class Rigs at all howre of day oor vig iy, ’
Telephone in Conmection wilh Gyftice,

ENE

“NEVER TOO LATE To MEND,"
BHOTLD READ, Bry Boots axD SHOES AT

ABER’S ==

THEN YoU pDox'r HAVE TO MEND.

Ww. D. SABIN,

— DEALT Is —

Heavy and Shelf Dardware,

be
f=
- ac
fo =;
if ra
E a
e ts
A
= wl
=
= =
a a

Crown Jewel Stoves and Ranges,

105 Washington Ave.. LANSING, MICH.
WESLEY EMERY,

——LDEALER IN——

Books and Stationery,

WALL PAPER AND DECORATIONS,

ALBUMS, BinLes, Minkors, HAND SacHELs.

Picture Framing a Specialty. |

116 Michigan Avenue, Lansing, Mich.

JOHN HERRMANN,

Opposite Opera Block,

ERCHANT TAILOR,

EEEFS THE LARGEST AND REST STOCK OF

Merchant GDailer’= Goods

IN MICHIGAN,

M

—

BEST FIT FOR THE LEAST MONEY.

Students, Come and See Ma,

CANNELL & EDMONDS,

Minutieturers nud Jubbers of

HARNESS, TRUNKS,

Saddlery Hardware,

Traveling Bags, Horse Clothing, Ete.

107 WASHINGTON AVE. SOUTH, LANSING, MICH,

(. QANN ELL, J. W. EDMONDS,

FIRST GLASS LIVERY.

re

STUDENTS PATRONAGE SOLICITED,

JIMMY MARKEY,

FERREY & BUTTS,
Funeral Directors and Furniture Dealers,

Our Unpertaker’s Ovtrir is most CoMPLETE,

sf" Our Stock of Furniture is Desirable.

OUR PRICES ARE LOW.

FERREY & BUTTS, LANSING, MICH,

Metropolitan Art Gallery.

STUDENTS’ ORDERS RECEIVE PROMPT
ATTENTION.

IS"SPECIAL RATES TO STUDENTS,

COME AND SLL ME,

i

Cc. W. LEONARD.

Ll Washington Avenue.

|

B.

F. SIMONS,

——

le
ee

104 Washington Avenue,

Inspiavs tHE FINEST ann LARGEST STOCK or

DRY GOODS AND CARPETS

’ THAT HAS EVER BEEN OPENED IN THE CITY.

YOU WILL ALWAYS FIND GOODS AS REPRESENTED AND OUR PRICES AT THE BOTTOM,
HEADQUARTERS FOR COLLEGE BOYS!

eee

GsoHo. TT. DAVIS'S

Bakery, Confectionery, and Restaurant

ICE CREAM AND OYSTERS IN SEASON.
Lunches at all Fiourse.-

CIGARS AND TOBACCO,

BANQUET ORDERS PROMPTLY ATTENDED TO.
108 Washington Avenue, Laneing.

G+ B RICHMOND,

ARTIFICIAL TEETH WITHOUT PLATES.
214 Washington Avenue, Lansing, Mich.

BEE-KEEPERS’ GUIDE,

—— oR —

Manual of the Apiary.

13,000 aold since 1876. 4,000 sold since May, 1885. En-
tirely revised. Fifty pages and fifty coatly
illustrations added.

Fries by Mail $1.25. Liberal Discount to Dealers and for Clubs.

Ad, COOK, Author and Publisher, Lansing, Mion,

Morr HTT,
ex DEN TIS Tics

Nitrous Oxide Gas or Vitalized Air given for the
puiniess extraction of Teeth.

Southeast corner of Washington and Mich. Aves., Lansing.
UDSON HOUSE,
M. HUDSON, Proprietor. - LANSING, MICH.

COLLEGE STAGE AND MATL DELIVERY!

JOHN MOORE, Froprietor.

Leaves College every day at 8:15 a. M. and 1:30 P. wr. for

Lansing. .
Leaves Lanalng at 10:40 4. wu. and 4:00 Pr. Mm.

Those desiring to visit the College may avall thomaelves of
this opportunity.

CONGRESS HALL!
A FIRST-CLASS TEMPERANCE HOTEL.
109, 111, 113, and 115 Grand Street, South.

Pleasant and commodious roums, newly furnished,
Parisian Laundry and Bath Rooms in
connection with the Howse.

T. G. KING, Proprietor, - Laneing, Mich.

Is JW. & A.D. HAGADORN,

Physicians and Druggists.

Especial attention paid to Fitting and Fur-
nishing Spectacles.

THE MICHIGAN PIPE (0,,

MANUFACTURERS OF

Wyekof Patent Water Pipe.

STEAM-PIPE CASING,

— AND =

GAS PIPE!

BAY CiTyY, MICHIGAN.

Pluns, Specifications, and Estimates for Water Works, inelud-
ing Pumping Machinery, made when desired. Stop Valves,
Hydrants, Crosses, Tees, Bends, etc., used in the constroc-
tion of Water Works, constantly in stock and furnished at
manufacturers’ prices. All our manufactures guaranteed to be
aa represented,

SEND FOR CATALOGUE.

TAY LO:

me & CO.’S

ONE-PRICE BOOT 4xv SHOE HOUSE.

THE M. C. LILLEY & CO.

i ee ee ee care 2

MILITARY GOODS OF ALL KINDS.
REGALIA SUPPLIES, BAND EQUIPMENTS, AND

Write rims Ff all Descriptions.

Special Inducements to Students and those getting up Glubs or Gompanies.

TWO LW MAS us, - - - MOET.

———T

— . = aim &
ifs. LOS BLS AIgAan A .,

Mek LOL) Woastixierus VWs,
kaa SING,

SPECIAL ATTENTION PAID [a STUDENTS SURE GF EXCELLENT WORK IN ALL ITs
STUDENTS’ CUSTOM, BMANCHES, EY FIRST-CLASS ARTISTS.

ELI BIDELMAN, FProprietor.
FIRST-CLASS ARTISTS. EXCELLENT Wolk,

FINE CIGARS AND TOBACCO

J. WW. JANIS, DPropricton. In STOCK AT ALL TIMES,
STUDENTS FINI) AT Ww. RA POE Ho,
1 1 WHOLESALE AST RETALL DEALER ON

Jewelry, Watches, Clocks, Diamonds,
& barge and mine Soe Silver and Plated-Ware.

7 Fpucuy . Fypucs ™ 7 | Ti :
GENTS HATS AND CAPS iy wasiiyurox AVENUE, - LANSING, MICH.

Int THE LATEST SsTEiroee. | REPAIRING NEATLY DONE.

“PURNITURE!

A LARGE ASSOHEE MES EP ur

WRITING TABLES, DESKS, CHAIRS, ETC.,

AAAS CFS iA TD.

SPECIAL FIGURES ‘PO SPU DIEN'TS.
Opposite Opera House. D. W. & M. J. BUCK.
CURTAIN DRAPERY AND TRIMMINGS A SPECIALTY!
THE M. C. LILLEY & CO.

MBADOUARTERS FoR

MILITARY GOODS OF ALL KINDS

ire

. REGALIA SUPPLIES, BAND EQUIPMENTS, AND

q Uniforms of all Descriptions.

Special Inducements to Students and those getting up Glubs or Gompanies,
; cCOLUMBITS, - - - - ORIO.

O4PITAL BARBER SHOP, ‘TONSORIAL PARLORS,

ito. 106 Michigan A-wa.,
No. 119 Wasnineton AVENVE. S

LANSING,

es |

| -

. SPECIAL ATTENTION PAID TO | STUDENTS SURE OF EXCELLENT WORK IN ALL ITS
STUDENTS’ CUSTOM. BRANCHES, BY FIRST-CLASS ARTISTS.

1
—_—_—.

a . ELI BIDELMAN, Proprietor. .
| FIRST-CLASS ARTISTS. EXCELLENT WORK. | . _

— FINE CIGARS AND TOBACCO
J. W. DAVIS, Proprietor. ;

oe tat -

If STOCE AT ALL TIMES,

STUDENTS FIND at WV . RAPLESH,

c W. FRARY'S STORE oe
Jewelry, Watches, Clocks, Diamonds,

A. Large and Fine Stdéek of Silver and Plated-Ware.
GENTS’ HATS AND CAPS

WHOLESALE ASD RETAIL DEALER IN

SaaS: eae Tees ns ee Ree pee ea FF eee pede te

119 WASHINGTON AVENUE, - LANSING, MICH,

Int THE LATEST sTYLEs. |
|

FURNITURE!

REPAIRING NEATLY DONE.

A LARGK ASSORTMENT OF

WRITING TABLES, DESKS, CHAIRS, ETC.,

ALWAYS ON HAND.

SPECIAL FIGURES TO STUDENTS.

pposite Opera House. oD. Wf. & M. JT. BUCH.
CURTAIN DRAPERY AND TRIMMINGS A SPECIALTY!
SUMMER AND FALL

STUDENTS AND OTHERS

WILL REMEMBER THAT

LEDERER. & SONS

“arg HEADQUARTERS ror

FINE CLOTHING,

AND ALL THE LATEST NOVELTIES IN

Hats, Caps, and Gents’ Furnishing Goods.

LARGEST STOCK,
MOST FASHIONABLE GOODS. :
LOWEST PRICES.

This is our reputation, and we have maintained it for tw enty years.

H. LEDERER & SONS, The Clathiers,

WASHINGTON AVENE.

Lansing, dudust 1, 1889.

THE STATE AGRICULTURAL CoLLEcE,

P, O., Agticultural College, near Lansing, Mich. -

This institution is thoroughly equipped, having a large teaching force; also ample facilities for illustra-
tion and manipulation, including”

Laboratories, Conservatories, Library, Museum, Class-room
Apparatus, also a Large and Well stocked Farm.

FOUR YEARS ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE COURSE,

E MER ACTNG

CHEMISTRY, MATHEMATICS, BOTANY, ZOOLOGY, VETERINARY, EXGLISH LANGUAGE AND.
LITERATURE, MILITARY TACTICS AND ALL OTHER BRANCHES OF A
COLLEGE COURSE. EXCEPT FOREIGN LANGUAGES.

=n

Three hours labor on each working day, except Saturdays. Maximum rate paid for labor, eight cents

an hour. _
Rarres.—Tuition free. Club boarding.

CALENDAR FOR THE YEAR 1886.
SPRING TERM BEGINS FEBRUARY 24. SUMMER TERM BEGINS MAY 26.

For Catalogue apply to EDWIN WILLITS, Presexr,
on HENRY G. REYNOLDS, SEcRETaRy.

oun petal ait Mi ag Shaan deayresdls Yo = ‘tee. Pay oe oie eae :
eS a oe ae A te eae See et: epee eg coment ct trie a Og en Tae eee a oa ee ne ee bee Ril Seale BOA Ba pte Pee sl PES ORD er | pan Prue sere eae