• 

AUGUST 

I  8  8  7• 

/ 

0 

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THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

VoL.  VIL-No.  i. 

AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE,  MICH.,  AUG.  1,  1887. 

WHOLE  No.  25. 

A  Wide. Range  of  Knowledge  is  Essential 
to  Success. 

A .  E .  BULS0::\1,  JR .,  DELTA  TAU  DELTA  FllATJrHNJTY . 

From  the  earliest  times  the  opinion  bas  been  preYal 
ent  that  a  person,  in  order  to  make  a  success  of  any 
particular  profession  or pursuit,  must  con fi nc  himself  to 
the  study  of  that  branch  alone.  This  view  often  exist· 
in  the  minds  of  some  to-day .  The young man desirous 
of  becoming  a  mechanic  quits  his  studies  at the  graded 
school,  thinking  the  only  education  necessary  is  that 
pertaining  to  his  business;  the  young  man  with  the  in 
tention  of  becoming  an "NI.  D ."  begins study  in  a  doc: 
tor's  office  before  he  has  acquired  enough  education  to 
enable  him  to  understand  half  the  terms  and  phrases 
used  in  the  medical  books  which  he  studies;  and  the 
farmer  takes  his  son  out of school  to  work  on  the  farm, 
with  the explanation  that his  son  has an education in  the 
common  branches,  and  that  is  sufficient  for the common 
bu  iness  transactions  of  the  farmer.  But  can  we  say 
It  is  true  their 
th is  is  the  right  view  of  the  matter? 
minds  will  be stored  with  a  certain  kincl' of  knowledge 
pertaining  to  their  business,  which grows out  of  exper 
ience  in  that line,  but they  have  not  that  wide  range  of 
knowledge  on  various  subjects  which  is  essential  to 
success  when one  is  thrown  in  contact with the  educated 
world.  The  majority  of  men  following  this  plan  are 
unsuccessful  in  bu. iness,  and  when  explaining  the  cause 
of  their  failure  are  apt  to  lay  the  blame  to  ill  luck 
rather  than  their ignorance.  A  merchant  was  heard  to 
remark  that  he  drew  a  larger  trade  from  the  farmers 
surrounding  him  than  he  otherwise  would,  because  he 
was  once  a  farmer  himself  and  therefore  could  talk 
intelligently  and  with  interest  regarding  the  farmer's 
business,  thus  producing  a  favorable 
impre. sion  on 
such  cu  tomers.  , Thus  it  is 
in  every  occupation;  a 
knowledge of  various  subjects  and  pursuits  will  prove 
to  be  of  more  benefit  to  a  successful  business  develop 
ment  than  a  knowledge  of  one subject  or  pursuit. 

Many  men  reg1:et  having confined  themselves  to  one 
range  of  study  by  failing  to  succeed  in  obtaining  the 
di ·tinction  at  which  they  aimed;  and  through  lack  of 
knowledge  in  any  other  branch  of  business,  or  the 
powers of  thought and  habits  of  mind  gained  by  a  wide 
range  of  study,  they  are  unable  to  pursue  any  other 
It  is  a 
career  than  the  one  on  \·vhich  they 
noticable  fact  that  our  stuclentg  when  finishing  their 
college  course  obtain  responsible  positions  in  most  any 
busine  s,  when  men  with experience, but without educa-

tarted. 

tion,  could  not  get  the  same  positions;  and  it  is  also  a 
fact  that these  tudents,  in  a  comparatively  short  time, 
show  more  proficiency  than  the  uneducated  men  who 
have  worked  for  years. 

The idea  that a  man  in  any  pursuit  should  not  have 
a  general  knowledge  of  all  b1 anches  is  erroneous  and 
should  be  disregarded  by  all  young  men  ·who  wish  to 
succeed  in  business,  and  by  parents  in  advising  their 
sons  regarding  the  be  t  course  to  be  pursued  when 
starting  out in  life. 

Parents sometimes  say  that  their  sons, in  taking a col 
lege course,  are learning  a great  variety of  things  which 
will  be  of  no  use  tu  them  in  the  career  which  they  are 
destined  to  pursue,  and  that  the  professors  are  minister 
ing  to  their  vanity  by  making  them  believe  they  are 
wiser  than  they  really are.  These objections are utterly 
futile .  As  to  vanity  and  conceit,  those  are  most  vain 
and  conceited  who  know  the  least.  The  more  a  man 
knows,  the  more  he  acquires  a  conviction  of  the  extent 
of  that  which  he  does  not  know.  A  man  ought  to 
know  a  great  deal 
to  acquire  a  knowle_clge  of  the 
immensity  of  his  ignorance. 

To imagine  that  a  range  of  knowledge  disqualifies  a 
man  for  the  particular  career  and  profession  to  which 
he  is  destined is  a  great  mistake.  Nothing  can  be  more 
that  a  young  man,  having  selected  a 
proper  than 
particular  profession, should  devote  the  utmost  ,·igor of 
his  mind  to  qualify  himself  for  it  by  acquiring  the 
knowledge  which  is  necessary  for  distinction  in  that 
line  of  life;  but  it  would  be  a  great  mistake  for  him  to 
confine  himself  to  that study  alone,  and  it is  certain  that 
the  more  a  young  man  knows  of  a  great  variety  of 
subjects,  and  the  more  he  exercises  his  faculties 
in 
acquiring  a  great  range  of  knowledge,  the  better  he 
will  perform  the  duties  of  his  particular  profe ·sion . 
That sort of  general  knowledge  may  be  likened  to  the 
gymnastic exercises  to  which  soldiers  are  accustomed. 
It is  not  that  it  can  be  expected  that  these  particular 
movements  would  be of  any  use  to  them  on  the  clay  of 
battle;  but 
their 
muscles flexible,  strengthen  their limb  ,  invigorate  their 
health,  and  make  them  better  able  to  undergo  fatigue, 
and  to  adapt  themseh-es  to  all  circumstances.  So  with 
a  wide  range  of study;  it  sharpens  the  wits;  it  infuses 
general  knowledge  into  the  mind;  it sets  a  young  man 
thinking;  it  trengthens the  memory  and  stores  it  with 
facts;  and  in  this way  makes  him a better  and  more  able 
man  in  the particular profession  which he  is  intended  to 
pursue. 

these  gymnastic  exercises  render 

It  has  been  well  said  that  in  this  free  country  there is 

'I 

... -

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

no  barrier between  classes,  and  that  the  highest  posi 
tions  are  attainable by  persons  starting  from  the  most 
humble  origin.  If  he  has  only  talent;  if  he  has  only 
acquirement  ; if  be  has  on! r  perseverance and good con  
duct,  there  is  nothing within the range of  the institutions 
of  learning  in  the  country  to  which  any  man  may  11ot 
aspire,  and  which  any  man  may  not  obtain . 

It is  the  peculiar character of  this  country,  as  distin 
guished  from  many  others,  that whereas  in  some  coun 
tries,  unfortunately  for  them,  men  strive  to  raise  the 
level  on  which  they  stand  by  pulling  others  clown,  in 
America  men  try  to  raise  the  level  on which  they stand, 
not  by pulling others down, but by elevating themselves. 
Thus  by  a  thorough  knowledge  of  the  more  important 
branches  of  learning,  a  man  may  raise  the  level  on 
which  he  stands  by  elevating  him~elf, as  a  result  of  his 
own  exertions,  to  tbe  first  rank  of  s uccessful  busine'iS 
men. 

Let not  the  young  man,  and  let  not  his  parents  think 
that he  will  gain  nothing  hy  struggling for  a  thorough 
education  in  the  branches  pertaining  to  the  various  pur 
suits  of  life,  instead  of applying  hi1-:-iself  to  one  range  of 
study,  for  you  may  be  sure  he  has  acquired  a  vast 
amount  of  useful  knowledge  that  will  be  of  use  to  him 
in  any  career  which  he  may  wish  to  pur  ue;  and  he  has 
succeeded  in  acquiring  habits  of  mind  and  powers  of 
thought,  and  of  application,  which  will  be of  use to  him 
during  the  rest  of  his  life. 
In getting  an  education  he 
has  gained  a  treasure  which  to  him  will  be  of  infinite 
value-tho  e  habits  of  mind,  those  powers  of  thought, 
and  that  amount  of  knowledge  upon  which  is  based  a 
succe  sful  career. 

E \·e ry  student  has  reason  to  thank  his  parents  for 
ha\·i ng  induced  him  to  thoroughly  prepare  himself  for 
life'.  work  by  getting  a  thorough  ed ucation,  and  no 
student  \·vi ll  ever  liaYe  reason 
to  regret  any  of  his 
exertions  in  obtaining  a  w.icle  range  of  knowledge, 
thus  rendering  him  better  able  to  strugg le  through  life 
rn  whatever career  he  may  choose  to  pursue. 

What  we  Owe  to  Thomas  Carlyle. 

H.  R.  CANNOK,  UNIO)l  LITERARY  SOC!ETY. 

It  is  well  for  us  to  ask  wherein  lies  the  greatness of 
Carlyle; for  few  writers  upon  philosophical,  historical, 
and  biographical  subj ects  have  had  more  readers. 
Some  think  by  process  of  reasoning,  some  by  an  intu 
ition  grasp  the  "mother notion."  Carlyle is  of  the lat 
in  Sartor  Resartus  "Our  pro 
ter  class,  as  he  says 
fessor's  method  is  not  that  of  common  school  logic, 
where  the  truths  all  stand  in  a  row, each  holding by the 
skirts  of  the  other."  The effect  of  this  upon  his  sty le 
is,  often  times,  to  make  him  confusing .  He  sees  the 
star and  points  to  it;  we  peer  into  space,  but  catch  no 
glimmer until  we  have  patiently  sought it. 

Carlyle  has  the  sou l  of  a  poet;  he  feels  to  the  inmost 

fibre  that  the  external  must  haye  an  internal,  that life  is 
not  a  mere  pageant,  but  a  stern  reality.  "The  sil ent 
Immensity,  and  Palace  of  the  Eternal,  whereof  our 
Sun is  but a  porch  lamp,"  had an inexhaustible  mystery 
for  him.  The  grandeur  of  the  starry  hosts  of  heaven 
thrilled  him  with  the  deepe  t  emotion.  He  contem 
plated  with  religious  awe  the 
feeblenes  of  human 
intellect  to  project  itse lf  into  the  great  unknown;  with 
a  "shudder  of  veneration  and  hope"  he  paints  the 
efforts  religions  have  made  to  pierce  this  darkne  s. 

"vVith  the  g ift  of  song,"  says  Lowell,  "Carlyle 
would  ge  the  greatest  epic  poet 
ince  Homer."  This 
poetic  instinct is  een  in  his  descriptions  of  event  and 
persons.  Vivid  as  a  scene  lit  by a  lightni ng  flash,  accu 
rate  as  an 
in stantaneous  photograph,  his  character · 
stand  before  us,  li ving,  1110\' ing,  feeling  beings .  Again 
we  see  Cromwell  at  the  council  table,  his  gray  eyes 
flashing,  his  mouth  set  in  determination .  We see  him 
ride  down  the  line  of  battle  and  hear  his  I ronsides 
cheer,  or  shifting  the  scene,  he  stands  in  Parliament 
denouncing  the  weaknesses  and  follies  of  it,  and  when 
come  to  the  climax  in  his  speec h  we  hear  hi 111  thunder, 
"Get you  gone !  Give  way  to  honester  men!" 

Carly le  sets  the  characters  before  us  just  as  they 
were,  exact eYen  to the lacing of  their shoes,  and  asks us 
to  judge for  o urselves  of  his  editorial  comment  .  Car 
ly le  says  we  must  not  take  our  ideas  at second  hand  but 
stud y  for  ourEelves,  and  further,  study  history  wisely, 
remember  wisely  and  forget  wisely .  Under. the  rank 
growth  of  the  present, am id  heaps of  clamp and  mouldy 
accumulations 'may  be  a  li ving  fact; strive  after  it;  g~t 
it. 

His  writings  are  a  series  of  pictmes  which  he  ha 
united  by  exclamations  and  apostrophes.  He  employs 
figures  at every  step;  for  he  must  touch  form  in  order 
to  express  himself  vividly.  He  writes  with  a  .quaint 
humor,  but  beneath  the  humorous  of  his  nature  the 
poetic;  is  e\·er  present.  This  brings  about 
trange 
results,  as  Taine  describes  it,  "In  the  monotonous  mist 
of  prose,  a  vista  opens  up;  beautifu l  or  ugly  it  matters 
not; it  is  enough  it  strikes  our eyes. " 

There are  two  influences which prevent Carlyle  from 
expending  his  fury  of  conception  in  hallucination,  "the 
sentiment  of  actuality,  which  is  the  positive spirit,  and 
of  the sub lime,  which  makes  the  religious  spirit." 
In 
his  Cromwell  we  can  see  how  the sentiment of  actu· 
ality  possesses  him.  He  would  search  long  and  ear 
nestly  for  a proven  fact;  for  he  knew  what it .meant; its 
influence  upon  him  was so powerful  .that  he  can  cause 
us  to  feel  its  force. 

Carlyle  was  peculiarly  fitted  to  be  the  historian  of 
Puritanism .  Where other  men  had  seen only r epulsive 
traits,  Carlyle looked  deeper;  with  his  instinct for 
the 
mainspring  of  action  for  a  lamp  he  illumined  the  musty 
records,  there  ~ith  wonderful  perspicacity  he  found 
proof  that  the  Puritan  had  something  besides  a  nasal 
twang,  that  he  had  indeed  a  soul; a  oul filled with long 
ings,  a  soul  profoundly  impressed  with  a  sense  of  duty. 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECUL  M. 

3 

Carlyle  had  found  the  expression  which  his  canva · 
should  give;  his  creati\·e  imagination painted  the  Puri 
tan  as  he  never  before  had  been painted .  Carlyle's his 
tories  have  been  called  epics  in  prose.  This i  owing to 
his  selecting  the  foremost  characters  and  by  painting 
these  and  a  few  au"illiary  ones  he  gives  us  a  vi ,·id  con 
ception  of  an  event.  The  men  are  something  more 
than  name  .  Carlyle  always  thought the  great  men  of 
fo  his 
action  were stamped  with  the  cal  of the  times. 
Frencli  Revolution  he  applies 
thi  doctrine.  Herc, 
by  his  drawing  the  pictures  of  the  leaders, we are giYen 
a  eries  of  "lurid  pictures  unmatched  for  vehement 
to  liave been to 
power."  His  purpo  e  in  writing  cem 
give s uch  an  impression  to  u  that  we could  not think of 
the  revolution  without  shuddering.  How  much  need 
there  is  that some  Frenchman  should  trnnslate this  with 
terrible  vigor, that it may 
all  its  intcn  ity  of color,  all  it 
deter  tho  e  now  wishing  to  act  again  the tragedy  of  the 
la  t  century 

Carly le  standg  alone  in  hi ·  method  of  delineating 
character.  By  comments  upon  the  letter  and  speeches 
of  Cromwell  and  a  continuou  narrative,  he  is  made  to 
tand  out  a  reality  in  our  minds.  Carlyle  looked  upon 
men  having  great  development  in  any  one  direction 
with  a  sense  akin  to  adoration.  He  felt  that  such  men 
in  their own  line  were supreme, and  that others  hould 
defe r  to  them. 
In  his  lecture  upon  heroes, he  ays,  "It 
is  the  property  of  the  hero  in  every  time,  in  every  situ  
ation,  that  he  stand  upon  things,  and  not  the  show  of 
things."  The  great  man  discover 
a  fact  and  pro 
claims  it;  men  follow  him  in  this,  and  history  i  made. 
Carlyle  is  imbued  with  this  proces ·.  He  makes  of  it 
an  instrnrncnt  of  re  earch  mo. t  potent. 
I  quote  from 
Taine  on  thi  point :  "Everywhere  he  goes  beyond 
political  and  conventional  history.  He  di ,·ines  char 
acter  ,  comprehend s  the  pirit  of  extinguished  ages, 
feeli>  bette r  than  any  Englishman, bettc~· than  Macaulay 
himself,  the  great  revolutions  of  the soul." 

Carlyle,  becau ·e  of  the  great  ten  ion  of  imaginative 
conception  under  which  he  write  ,  is  constantly  repeat 
ing  afte r  Shake  pcarc,  "\!Ve  are  such  stuff  as  dream 
arc  made  of."  He  ays,  "The  divine  significance,  full 
of  plendor,  and  wonder,  and  terror,  lies  in  the  being  of 
every  man  and  of  every  thing;  the  presence  of  God 
who  made  every  man  and  thing." 

Men  of  Carly le's  type  of  mind  arc  the only ones who 
make discoveries.  Pure  cla  sifiers  do  not  invent.  "To 
know  a  thing,  what  we call  knowing,  a  man  mu  t  first 
In  order  to com 
love  the  thing,  sympathize  with  it. " 
pletely  know  it  we  must  recreate  it  in  our  mind ·  with 
all  that  may  resu lt  from  it.  This proce  s  is  in  imitation 
of  nature.  Carlyle  u  eel 
this  in  working  over  the 
teaching  of  Goethe,  his  master.  Thi  was  the  wo rk 
in  philosophy  which  held  Carlyle's attention,  an  impor 
tant  work  it  is;  for  German  thought  has  led  the  world 
for  a  century.  Herc in  a  nut-shell  is  hi 
idea  of  mat 
ter:  "Rightly  Yiewed  no  rneane  t object i  insignificant; 

all  object  are  as  windows,  through  which  the  philo 
ophic  eye  looks  into  Infinitude  itself." 

111 

life 

a  mystery 

There  i ·  alway 

to  Carlyle. 
"Around  this  Me  what  is  wrapped?"  he  exclaims. 
Again  he say  ,  "To  the  eye  of  vulgar  Logic,  what  i 
man?  An omnivorous  Biped  that  ~wear  Breeches.  To 
the  eye of  P ure  Reason  what  is  he?  A  Soul,  a  Spirit, 
and Divine Apparition . "  Garfield saw  pos  ibilitie~ but 
toned  up  in  the  meanest  jacket;  Carlyle  saw  in  every 
oul  a  sometliing  beyond  his  closest  scrutiny.  This is 
another express ion  of  his  poetic  nature . 

Carlyle's  influence  is  mainly  a  religious  one.  He 
in  all  hi  works,  nor  is  it  in  vain.  Principal 
preache 
Shairp  says  Carlyle's  works,  upon  their  coming  out, 
influenced  the  Oxford  under-graduate  as  no  one  had 
before.  Froude  also  says,  "To  the  young,  the  gener 
ous,  to  every  one  who  took  life  eriously,  who  wished 
to  make  an  honorable  use  of  it,  and  who  could  not  be 
content  with  making  money  bi  word 
are  like  the 
morning  reveille ."  And  Carlyle him  elf lays  down  the 
correct  mot ive  of  life  in  these  nohle  words :  "Oh,  it  is 
great and  there  is  no  other  greatness.  To  make  some 
nook  of  God's creation  a  little  fruitfuller,  better,  more 
worthy  of  God;  to  make  some  h u man  heart  a  little 
wiser,  manfuller,  happier,  more  blessed,  less  accursed." 

The Benefits of National Holidays. 

D.  F .  A)IDER  ON,  OLL\!P!C  SOCIETY . 

law 

for  holding  certain 

The  celebration  of  the  anniversaries  of  great event · 
has  been  a  custom  among  civilized  nations  almost 
from  the earliest  time  .  When  the  Israelites  became  a 
·eparate  nation  there  were  certain  clays  set  a  icle· by  the 
Mosaic 
religious  festivals. 
These immense  gathering  kept  fresh  in  the  minds  of 
the  children  of  Israel  the sufferings  of  their  fathers,  the 
oppressions  of  the  Egyptian  and  the  deliverances  they 
this,  these 
had  received  from  the  Lord .  And  beside 
gatherings  awakened  or 
bond  of 
kept  alive  a 
sympathy  between  the  different  portions of  the  Jewish 
people.  By  intercour  e,  one  with  another,  they  gained 
a  knowledge  of  each  other  and  formed  a  stronger 
national  feeling  than  could  possibly  h ave  been  fostered 
in  any  other  way . 

In  Greece,  the  Olympiads  and  other  festi 1·al  ,  formed 
and  cemented  the  bond  of intellectual  union  which  wa 
much  stronger than  any  other  tie  in  binding  together 
the  various  di,·isions  of  the  Grecian  country.  And  the 
magnificent  triumphs  accorded  to  victorious  Roman 
generals  doubtless  nouri  heel  among  the  Roman  people 
and  sold iers  a  spirit of  patrioti  m  which  could  not  have 
been  gained  in  any  other  way. 

~bus we see  that,  in  the  olden  times,  the  celebration 
of  holidays  was  productive  of  m uch  good .  But  the 
question  i  ,  "A re  they  productive  of  good  now?" 
In 
t he  e  days people are nearly all educated, and knowledge 
is  transmitted with great readiness by means of the press, 

4 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULU1'I. 

the  railroad,  and  the  telegraph .  So we see  that the  cir 
cumstances  are  much  changed over those of olden  times, 
in  this,  as  in  other  regards.  Still  there  are  ce rtain 
objects  which  can  not  be  gained  by  any  of  these means. 
What can  bring so  vi ,·idly  to  our  minds  the  sufferings 
and  privation  ,  the  daring  and  heroic  sacrifice  of  the 
soldiers  of  the  late  war a 
the simple  and  beautiful  er- . 
Yiccs  of  Memorial  Day .  And on the Fourth of J uly  we 
have  all  felt  our  hearts  beat,  and  the  hot  blood  rush  to 
our cheeks  at  the  recital  of  wrong  to  be  redres  eel,  and 
principles  to  he  maintained,  in  the  immortal  Declaration 
which  crowns  the  natal  day  of  our  republic.  Standing 
there  by  the  altar  which  our  fathers  reared,  and  upon 
which  they  poured  out  their  blood,  we  have  felt  that, 
with  Divine  aid,  we  \.VOuld  proYe  ourselves,  in  peace  or 
in  war,  to  be worthy  of  such  fathers. 

Later in  the year, in the quiet ::'\o,·ember month, comes 
ThanksgiYing  clay.  A  day  of  family  reunions,  of 
happy  meetings  between  long  separated  friend  ,  a  clay 
of feasting and  rejoicing over the bounties of Pro\'idence, 
which  can  not  but be  productive  of  good. 

Last  but  not  least  comes  Christmas.  The  clay  on 
which  we  celebrate  the  birth  of  the  Savior,  and  the 
advent of  the  kingdom  which  has  rai  eel  the world from 
it  wa  in,  to  the  light of  civilization  it now 
the darkne 
enjoys.  The songs  and  rejoicing  call  to  0ur  mind  the 
song  of  the  angels  in  the  plain  of  Bethlehem  and  the 
great proclamation,  "On  earth  peace,  good  will  toward 
men."  This day  we  celebrate  by  gifts  one  to  another. 
Our happiness  is  greatly  increased  if  we  have  added  to 
the  happiness  of our  friends .  And  we  arc  made 'better 
by 
topping  in  our  work  and  bestowing  some  of  our 
goods  upon  tho  e  around  u  . 

Then let  none  condemn  our  holidays .  True,  sorne 
abuse  them  and  ome  ne,·er  seem  to  realize  their signif 
icance.  But this  i  . o of  any  good thing .  And let none 
think  of  ceasing  to  obscn·e  these  great clays  but  rather 
to  impress  upon  the  mind  of  the  people  their  true  ~ig­
nificance,  and  raise  them  to be true expressions  of  patri 
otism  and  thankfulne  s 

Prog ress  of  American  Botany. 

D.  A.  PELTO .  ,  E C LECTIC'  SOCIETY. 

the  latter  becomes  apparent. 

Upon  a  comparison  of  the  botanical  work  of  Europe 
with  that  of  Amer~ca,  the  great  excess  of  the  former 
o\·er  that  of 
In  our 
libraries  we see  ,·olurne  after  volume  from  the  labora  
torie  of  .Germany,  and  the  hcrbaria  of  England;  while 
from  America  we  have  but  few  from  the  laboratories, 
and  the  ystematic  \\·ork  docs  not  equal  in  amount  that 
of  Europe.  Let  us  not  conclude,  howc,·er,  that Arner 
field,  nor  that  what  she  has 
ica  ha  been  idle  in  thi 
accomplished  is  of  little  importance. 

It  has  been  but a  hundred  and  fifty years since botany 
began  to  take  rank  as  a  ciencc. 
In that time,  from  the 
primitive  wilderness  of  America,  all  our  institutions 

have  grown .  One hundred and fifty  years ago but three 
of  our  college  were in  existence.  Two of  them  were 
in  their infancy, and the  third, not at  the head  of  botani 
cal  work  in  this  country,  although  it  had  existed  nearly 
a  century,  \Va  yet  unable  to  keep  pace  with  those  of 
Europe.  As  the  greater  part  of  all  scientific  work  is 
always done  in  the  laboratoric  of  colleges  and  by  col 
lege  professors,  we  cannot  expect  as  great progress  in 
any  br:rnch  of  investigation  from  the  younger  colleges 
of  a  new  country  as  we  can  from  the longer established 
ones  of  an  old  country . 

At  the  time  "·hen  the  science  of  botany  began  to 
attract  the  attention  of  the  cientists  of  Europe,  her 
institutions  were  well  establi  heel,  had  an  abundance  of 
means  at  their  disposal,  and  her  professors  were pre 
pared  for  their  work. 

But in  America  how  different! 
To successfully  prosecute  inve~tigation in  any science, 
the  investigator  mu  t  have  pre ,·ious  trnining,  adequate 
apparatus  and 
tirne.  These  haYc  been  especially 
deficient.  The opportunities  for  preparation  have  been 
until  recent  years,  Yery  limited  in  thi  country,  o  that 
for  an  adequate  training it  was  necessary  for a  botanist 
to  go  to  the  laboratories  of  Europe,  but  thi 
required 
capital  which  but  few  of  those  who  aspire  to  botanical 
honors  possessed. 

Again  the  instructor 

in  America  are  expected  to 
de ,·ote  their  whole  time  to  clas ·  room  work  and  to  lec 
left  little  or  no  time  for  special  il1\·estiga 
ture  .  Thi 
tions,  for  after a  clay  of  class  rocrn  work  one  i.  poorly 
fitted 
to  pend  half  the  night  01·er  a  microscope  or 
poring  01·er  the  specimens  of  an  herbarium.  On  the 
contrary,  the  profes  ors  of  botany  in  Europe  are  fur 
nished  with  assistants who perform the laborious routine 
of  the  c!a. s  room,  thu  Iea,·ing them  to a  general  uper 
,.i  ion  of  the deµartrnent  and  to  the  delivery  of  a  few 
lecture!'  each  year.  This  gi,·es 
them  an  abundant 
opportunity  for  the  prosecution  of  the  investigation  of 
special  topics. 

Ha,·ing  no1Y  re,·iewed  the disad,·antages and  peculiar 
circum  tance  under  which the Am.encan  botanists  ha,·e 
laborPd,  let  u  consider  \\'hat  they  haYe  really  accom 
plished. 

In  the  study  of  botany  in  a  new  country,  systematic 
botany  i  always  in  the  ascendancy,  and  America is  no 
exception  to  the  general  law.  The  most striking  and 
distinguishing  feature  of  natural  objects  are  the  first 
to  recei,·c  investig:1tion  frorn  the  scientist.  So  it  i  but 
natural  that the  botani  t  . hould  first  turn  his  attention 
to  the  tudy  of  the  \·ariation  and  affinities  of  the  floral 
kingdom  and  so  determine  the  natural  groups  and 
orders  to  which  the  plant  belong. 
In  order  that  thi 
study  and  classification  may  be  carried  on  successfully 
the  student  mu. t  ha\·e  before  him  repre ·entati1·es  of  the 
various  forms  for  compari. on,  hence,  the  first  work  of 
the  botani st  is  collection. 

For two  centuries  after  the  study  of  our  flora  began 
to  attract  botanist  ,  the  work  was  one  of  collection. 

THE  C  0  LL E  GE  SP EC UL U  M. 

5 

What may  be  termed  the  formative  period  of  Ameri  
can  botany.  During  this  Fe riod  many  foreign  botanists 
visited  our shores, and  many  large  collections  of  plants 
were sent to  Europe  for  study  and  identification.  To 
attempt to  name  all  who  have left their  names  upon  the 
records  of  botanical  history  would  not  on] y  occupy  too 
much  space  but  make  an  uninteresting  catalogue.  But 
there are some,  as  Peter  Kalm,  John  Clayton,  Andre 
1Vfichaux,  and  Pursh,  not  to  exclude  Nuttall  who  have 
left  upon  the enduring records  of botanical  fame,  names 
that  will  ever be  pointed  to with pride by  the  American 
botanist.  While  Kalm  and  Clayton  must  be content 
with  Kalmias and  Claytonias  the  latter  three  have  the 
greater  honor  of  being  authors  in  the  literature  of 
botany.  Michaux  as  the  author  of  the  first  F lora, 
Pursh as  the  author  of  the  second  and  more  complete 
Flora, and  Nuttall  as  the  auther  of  Genera  of  I  orth 
American plants. 
lVIichaux  was the most  indefatigable 
collector  that  has  ever  honored  the  science  in  this  coun 
try .  Traveling at  the time  he did, we can scarcely form 
an  idea  of  the  hardships  he  endured  in  the  prosecution 
of  his  chosen  field  of  work. 

After  these  came  the  names  of  two,  who,  while 
familiar  to  all  now,  will  ever  continue  to  shine  through 
the  succeeding  years  of  botanical  literature,  the  names 
of  Dr.  John  Torrey  and  of  Dr.  Asa  Gray .  With  the 
formation  of  the partnership  of  these  two  men  begins 
the  brightest  period  in  our  botanical  history .  From 
time  we have  had  continual  additions  to  the  litera 
thi 
ture,  coming  chiefly  from  the  pen  of  D r.  Gray.  Their 
first  important work was  the  publication  of  their Flora 
of  North  America.  For  various  reasons  this  was  dis 
continued  until  after  the  death  of  Dr.  Torrey,  when 
the work  was  finally  taken  up  again  by  Dr.  Gray,  and 
two  volumes  have  already  appeared,  with  the  pro  pect 
of  a  third  one  soon.  May  he  who  has  led  his  science 
in  America  for  over half  a  century, be  spared  to  com 
plete  the  work  he  has  so  nob! y  begun!  Not alone  has 
he  been  chief  in  systematic  botany.  but  also  in  plant 
morphology  he  holds  a  leading  place.  As  a  careful 
student  and  exact  writer,  he  i  unexcelled.  His  des 
criptions  are  models  of  scientific  exactness. 

Among  our  later  botanists  must  also  be  mentioned 
Edward  Tuckerman,  the  lichenologist,  to  whom  we 
owe  the  Genera  Lichen um,  and  the  synopsis  of  North 
American  lichens .  D .  C .  Eaton,  for  his  magnificent 
work,  illustrated  by  C .  E .  Faxon,  on  the  ferns  of 
North  America,  and  also  the  name  of  Dr.  Engleman. 
Thus we see that while  the work in  systematic botany 
may  not  be  equal  in  amount to  that of Europe,  it,  at  the 
same  time  reflects  great credit on  the  botanical  work  of 
America, and  shovvs  that sl1e  has  not  been  idle.  While 
we  cannot  point  to  any  great  work  on  physiological 
botany, yet in  systematic  botany  we  must  claim  a  high 
pos1t1011.  About  r 870  an  interest  began  to  manifest 
it  elf  in  fayor  of  the  laboratory  as  an  assistant  in  the 
teaching  of  botany.  Harvard  took  the  lead  in  the 
establishment  of  a  fine  laboratory,  which  is  now  the 

best in  this  country, and  vies  with  many  of  the  Euro 
pean  in  the  completeness  of  its  outfit. 

But it remained for the Michigan Agricultural College 
to  erect  the  first  building  dedicated  entirely  to  this 
important science.  Other  colleges  have  since followed 
their  example.  With  increased  facilities  for  training 
in  the  special  departments we  shall  have  an  increase  of 
interest in  their  im·estigation,  and  in  the  near future  we 
may  expect something  from  our physiological and  histo-
logical botanists. 

' 

NATURAL HISTORY. 

Aquatics  in  Our  Botanic  Garden. 

Among  the  most  interesting  and  satisfactory  plants 
in  the botanic garden  are  the  aquatics  in  the  bogs  and 
ponds.  They  are  well  worth  attention  as  they  are  not 
often  found  in  ornamental  grounds . 

In  the  upper  bog  near  the  inlet  from  the  brook, are 
plants  of  yellow  water-crowfoot  with  bright  glossy 
petals  and  dissected  leaves,  common  arrow  head  with 
dark,  clean  leaves  of  various  forms,  some very  long  and 
narrow,  others  quite  broad  and  obtuse.  The  arrow 
head  is  a  wayward  plant, hard to keep within bounds, as 
its  root-stocks  spread  far  and  near  in  the  mud .  Water 
plantain  (Alisma  Plantago)  is  a  beauty  when  young 
and  when  in  flower  or  fruit,  but  it  seeds  so  freely  that 
it  becon-;es  a  weed .  A  true  plantain- a  native  much 
resembles  the  broad  leaved  species  often  introduced  in 
dooryards.  The  plantain  referred  to  is  rare  in  Michi 
gan,  a11d  grows in  brooks  and  in  the  margins  of  ponds. 
It flowers  early  in  spring  and  goe  to  rest  in  early  sum  
mer.  vVe  have  a  little  trouble  in  keeping  the  pitcher 
plant,  though  we  are  now  trying  a  heavy  mulch  of 
sphagnum .  Pouchet,  a  Frenchman,  wrote  a  book  on 
the  UniYerse.  He speaks  of  this  plant growing  in  the 
marshes  of  )Jorth  America  as  very  welcome  to  the 
traveler,  because  it  secretes pure  water  which  q ucnches 
bis  thirst.  The  fact  is,  the  pitchers  usually  contain 
water  that  is  far  from  pure,  as  it  contains  a  plenty  of 
rotten  insects  and  worms.  A  clo  ct  naturalist  some 
times  covers  too  much  ground  and  makes  mistakes. 

We grow  a  few  cranberries,  which  are  very  neat in 
all  stages  of  growth.  Swamp  dock,  water  persicaria, 
swamp  saxifrage,  lizard's  tail  find  places  am!  are  made 
welcome.  The  latter  is  about  two  feet  high,  and  in 
July  bears long drooping  spikes of white naked flowers. 
Here,  also,  is  some  of  our  glaucous  native  foxtail,  and 
a  "new  find"  for  this  part  of  the  State  known  as 
Glyceria pallida. 

One  of  the  most  attractive  things  is  the  narrow 
leavecl  cat-tail  flag  brought  from  Massachusetts,  and 
further  clown  grow  some  immense  plants  of  our  com 
mon  cat-tail.  These  need  some  portection  from  winds, 
and  I  might  add,  from  visitors  as  well. 

On  the  still  water  are scattered  patches of  cluck  meat, 
three  species  of  Jittie  floating plants  about  one-eighth  of 

' \ 

11 

\. 

6 

T 1H  E  C  0  LL EGE  SPECULUM . 

an inch  or  less  in  diameter. 
.They  have  no  connection 
with  the  so.ii.  One  of  them  is  rather shy,  and  for some 
reason  often disappears; another flowers  occasionally. 

In one  place we grow  well  all  the species  of  the  arum 
family,  which  are  described  in  Gray's  manual.  Jack 
in-the-pulpit, dragon  root  and  skunk  cabbage  grow  on 
low  ground; and  near them  in  the  edge  of  the  water,  is 
sweet flag,  our  native  calla,  the  arrow arum and golden  
dub.  The beauty  of  the  arrow  arum  consists  in  clean, 
large, dark  green  leaves.  The  golden-club  thrives  and 
endures  the  winter  when  set  in  the  mud  where  the 
water i  six  inches deep .  One  plant  bears  early  in  the 
spring  fifty  or  mo re  curved  white  stems  a  foot  or  two 
long  with  yellow  spikes  of  flowers.  At  that  time  the 
leaves  ::ire  small,  but  later  in  the  sum.mer  the  rich 
velvety  looking  oblong  le111·es  make  a  fine  display. 
Altogether,  it  is  one  of  our  most  striking  and  satisfac 
tory  aquatics . 

The buck-bean  is  an  aquatic or  bog plant, with  three 
smooth  leaflets.  The  petals  are  beautifully  fringed  all 
over  the  upper  side.  The  bladder-wort  is,  in  nwny 
respects,  one  of  the  strangest  aquatics  we  have.  The 
leaves  are  long  and dissected.  They  bear little bladders 
with  a  lid  at  one  end  which  works  after the  manner  of 
an  eel  trap  to  catch  small  animals,  like  infusoria,  and 
after capturing  them  they  are  slowly  killed  and  doubt 
less  help  to  nourish  the  plant. 
In  autumn,  as  one  of 
our students  showed,  the  term.inal  buds,  as  large  as  the 
end  of  one's  finger,  sink  to  the  bottom of.  the  pond  and 
remain  till  spring,  when  they  begin  to  grow  and  rise  to 
the  top .  The  stigmas  are  flat,  two  lobed  and  spread 
ing:  When  an  insect  vi  its  a  flower  it  bites the. stigmas 
first.  These  are  \'ery  sen'iiti\'e,  and  close  in  a  few 
seconds  so  tlwt cross-fertilization  is  secured. 

\Vater-weed  and  eel-grass  are 

two  Yery  curious 
aquatics,  and  are  quite  abundant  in  the  upper  pond. 
vVhen  ready  for  fertilization,  the  slender  stems  which 
support the  pistils,  let  the  pistils  come  to  the  surface  of 
the  w::iter.  Then  the  anthers  below  break  off,  come  to 
the surface,  burst  open  and  the  "dry"  pollen  floats  to 
the stigma  and  fertilizes the  pistils.  After fertilization 
the  pistils  are  withdrawn  under  the  water  to  ripen  the 
seeds.  A  number of  aquatics  drop  the  fertilized  pistils 
into  the  water  to  mature  the  seeds. 
In some . easons 
the  pond  scums,  or  frog  slimes  are  so  very  abundant 
that  it  requires  considerable  time  to  skim  them  out  of 
the  ponds. 
In other years  they  are scarce.  We  raised 
succe:isfully  for  a  few  years,  a  beautiful  branched  green 
sponge brought from  Grand  Ledge. 

I  barely  mention  wild  balsam,  or  touch-me-not, 
swamp  loosestrife,  water  parsnip,  the  iris,  the  cardinal 
flower,  blue  lobelia,  bull-rush,  water  shield,  Limnan 
themum; they  all  deserve  a  place  and  have  interesting 
peculiarities  worthy· of  careful study. 

this  topic  by  reading Darwin's book  on  Forms ef Flow 
ers.  Marsilia is  the  flowerless  plant  growing all  about 
the  lower pond ,  and  bears leaves  somewhat like  a  "four 
It is  a  foreigner, but takes to  Michigan 
leaved"  clover. 
water  amazingly .  Reed  grass, 
rice  gra s,  several 
glycerias are  at  home  and  are  very  ornamental  at cer 
tain  seasons.  vVild  nee  is  an  annual aquatic,  sometimes 
ten  feet  high.  The  whole  plant  is  full  of  interest and 
well  worthy  of  a  week  or a  month of  careful  examina 
It is  easily  grown,  and  no  pond  should  be  with 
tion . 
out  some  specimens.  Every  one  knows  our  yellow 
water  lily,  the  white  water lily, and  many  have heard of 
the  pink  lotus,  said  to  grow  in  Southern  Europe and  in 
It is  more  vigorous  and  prolific  and 
Northern  Africa. 
easier  to  grow  than our  native plant.  The white  water 
lily  of  Europe  is  vigorous  and  some  two  weeks  earlier 
than  our  native  lily.  The  blue  water  lily  has  11ot  been 
a  great  success  with  the  care  we  have  been  able  to  give 
it.  The pink  variety  of  the  white  water lily  is· one  of 
the  most  beautiful  flowers  I  ever saw.  Several  flowers 
Insects  are  doing 
have  appeared  <luring  . thi.  year. 
much  damage  by  eating  the  leaves. 
I  feel  that  too 
many  of  these  worthy  aquatics  and  bog  plants  have 
been  here  too  little  noticed.  Our  students  and  visitors 
must  see  how  easily  they  are  managed,  and  that  many 
a  neighborhood  may  possess  one  or  more  of 
these 
ponds  which  shall  be  the  delight •of  eyery  student  of 
nature.  The  zoologist,  of  course  finds  much  in  such 
ponds to  study. 

These  pools  are  favorite  resorts  for  certain  snakes, 
turtles,  musk-rats,  water  beetles,  water  bugs,  dragon 
flies,  caddis  flies,  water  skippers,  periwinkles,  clams, 
frogs,  tadpoles,  toads,  sticklebacks,  crawfish,  numerou 
small  crustacea,  infusoria,  and  other  things  too  numer 
ous  to  mention.  On  account  of  some  of  these  lively 
and  voracious  animals  we  have  not  succeeded  with 
carp.  Mu  k-rats  began  to  ' 'isit  us  about  June,  and  are 
the  worst  enemies  of  our  acq uatics.  Last  year  we 
caught seven  or  more  in  traps. 

About  the  ponds,  as  in  other  parts  of  the  botanic 
garden, the  florist  finds  much to  admire,  the  artist picks 
out the  views  which  suit  him  best;  no  doubt  poets  :111cl 
10\·er 
find  this  a  pleasant  resort,  while  the  pleasure 
seeker  thinks  it  worth  looking  over.  Some  farmers 
think  they  have  frog  ponds  enough  on  their  farms, 
while  others  take  notes  with  a  view  to  fixing  up  that 
rough  piece  of  theirs  back  of  the  house.  The  young 
girl  thinks  "the garden  is  cut0,"  while  the  student  of 
physiological  and  systematic  botany  thinks  it  a  little 
paradise. 

W.  ] .  BEAL. 

SCIENTIFIC. 

Hot  Julys. 

Pickerel weed,  growing  near  the  pond,  bears spikes 
of  blue  flowers. 
It  is  one  of  these  plants  of  which 
there  are  only  a  very  few  known that  has  "trimorphou 
flowers."  Here let  the  Junior and  Sophomore  look  up 

The  period  of  unusual  heat  during  a  part  of  the 
month just closed  leads many  to say that  nothing  of  the 
kind  has  ever  been  known  in  this  State.  Perhaps it 
may  afford  a  degree  of  comfort  that  we  have suffered 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

7 

1 ' 

more  at  so me  former  period.  No  such  wave  of  heat 
has passed  over  our  State  for  nineteen  years. 
In  July, 
1868, a  longer,  and  in  some  respects,  a  severer  wave  of 
heat passed  o,·er  us  and  caused that  month  to  be  known 
f or  many  years  as  "the hot  July," the  average  te mper 
ature  for  the  month  being  higher  than  that  of  any 
month  in  twenty -fi ve  years,  the  mean  temperature  for 
July,  1868,  being  77.1 9  deg.,  or  5.58  deg.  above  the 
mean  temperature  of  July  (the  warmest  month  of  the 
year). 

The following  table  of  highest  and  lowest  tempera-
ture  for  the  several  <lays  will  enable  the reader  to  com  
pare the  heated  term  for  July,  1868  and  1887 : 

1868. 

18S7. 

J uly  10 . .. ... ... . .. . . . .. .. ........... .. 

11 . ......... . ..................... 

12 .......................... . ..... 
13 ... ..... .... .................... 
14 ..... .. .... . ...... .............. 
15 ........................ ........ 
16 .... ........................ ... . 

:t:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 
.r\.\·eragc ......... ................. ! 

920 
9S 
~~ 
9S 
97 
91 
101 
99 

62° 
66 
66 
67 
67 
6 2 
6• 
&l 
67 

920 
9+ 
89 
~ 
9'5 
9S 

560 
69 
62 
67 
73 
76 
67 

96  --o 

' .;'\.) 

65.10 

93.7° 

67.10 

It will  be seen  that  the. heated  term  for  1868  reached 
a  temperature  more  than  three  degrees  hotter  than  in 
1887,  but  the  nights  were  two degrees colder. 

The rainfall  since  March  1st  has  been  much  below 

the  average,  as  shown  by  the  following  table : 

AVERAGE  RAIN  FALL. 

RAIN  FALL  FOR  1887, 

J\ 'far ch 
A pril, 
M ay, 
J une, 
J uly, 

2.63  inches . 
" 
2 .5[ 
" 
3.[3 
" 
4.36 
" 
3.69 
- -
16.32  inches. 

r.78  inches. 
" 
.. 
" 
" 

90 
2-42 
2-47 
r.50 
- -

Sum, 
This  show s  that  we  ha,·e  ha<l  s111ce  February  less 

9.07  inches. 

ban  three-fifths of  our  normal  rainfall. 

R .  c.  KEDZIE . 

Fi,-e comets  have  already  b~en  discovere3  111  1887, 
but  unfortunately  none  have  been  visible  to  the  naked 
eye.  The !fl.test  c0met  was  di  covered  by  Barnard,  of 
Tennessee,  May  12 . 
vVhile  Yery  faint,  the  relative 
paths of  the  earth  and  the  cornet  are  most  favorable  for 
ob  en ·ation .  Though  never  coming  nearer  the  sun 
ban  one  hundred  and  fifteen  millions  of  miles,  it  is  for 
some  time  within  hailing  distance  of  the earth  at  thirty 
It  passed  th c~· ; h  the  plane  of  the 
millions  of  miles. 
earth's  orbit  May  27,  but  at  about  thirty  millions  of 
miles  farther  from  the sun  than  the  earth.  The  earth 
passed  the ascending  node the previous day.  From that 
point their  paths  remain  closely  together for some  time, 
the comet passing  above  the  earth's  orbit  and  corning 
closer  to  the sun until June  27,  when  it  begins  to  recede 
into space  never  again  to  be seen . 
the  earth's  orbit  111 
the  plane  of 
December,  1896,  but it  will  then  be  at  a  distance  of 
nineteen  hundred  millions  of  miles. 

It  passes  again 

Asteroid  No .  226  was  di. coyered  last  month  by 

Pali.sa,  of  Vienna.  He alone  discovered  nearly sixty. 

THE  CoLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

PUBLISHED  QUARTERLY- AUGUST,  OCTOBER,  APRIL  AND  JUNE. 
BY  THE  STUDENTS 
OF THE J\.frCHIGAN  STATE AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE. 

TER).ISJ  50  CE:-JTS  A  YEAH.j  S I NGLE  NU.\'rBERS,  15  CENTS. 

AD\TERTl!:iIX G  RATES  MADE  KNOW:\'"  ON  APPLICATION. 
~All subscriptions  will.  be  regarded  as  continued  unless  we arc  notified 

to  the contrary. 

If this  item  is  marked  your  subscription  expires  with  thi s  is sue. 

BOARD  OF  DIRECTORS . 

UNWN  LITERARY  SOCIETY. 

W.  A.  TAYLOR,  Editor-in-Chief, 

Literary  Articles,  Editorials. 

NATURAL  HISTORY  SOC[ETY. 

C.  P.  GILLETTE, 

-

Science. 

L .  C.  COLBURN, 

ECLECTIC  SOCIETY. 

PHI  DELTA  THETA  FRATERNITY. 

CLARK  HUBBELL, 

College  N e ws . 

- Athletics. 

P.  M.  CHAMBERLAIN, 

-

Colleges  and  Exchanges. 

DELTA  TAU  DRLTA  FRATERNITY. 

OLYMPIC  SOCIETY. 

G.  L.  TELLER, 

Personals. 

H .  E.  HARRISON 

PROF.  L .  H.  BAILEY,  JR. , 

Business  Manager. 

Treasurer. 

AGHICULTURAL  COLLEGE,  MICH.,  AUGUST  I,  1887. 

WITH this number  the  SPECULUM  begins the seventh 
year of  its  existence, with  fair  prospects  for  the  future . 
Its  financial  prospects,  thanks  to  the  energy  of  the  out 
going Board, are better than for several years past.  Our 
sub  cription  list  has  been  reconstructed  and  many  who 
have  failed  to  respond  to  notices  of  delinquency  in  sub 
scription  will  not  receive  the  SPECULUM  after this issue. 
We take  this  step  because  of  the  expense  involved  111 
printing  and  mailing  a  large number of copies for which 
If subscribers  on  our  mailing  list 
no  return  is  received. 
who  have  paid  for  the SPECULUM  fail  to  receh·e  it, they 
should  notify the Busi ness  M anager.  He should always 
be  notified  of a  changed  address  or  the  paper  will  be 
sent  to  the  former  address  and  thus  cause  trouble  both 
to  him  and  to  the subscriber. 

We .  shall  endeavor  to  keep  the  paper  up  to  the 
standard  established  by  its  first  Board  of  Editors  and 
continued,  m  the  main,  by  succeeding  Boards  to  the 
prese nt  time.  We  regard  it  as  the  means  by  which  the 
views  of  the  students  can  be  openly  expressed  on  the 
subjects  that  most  nearly concern  them, and  we shall,  in 
di scussing  such  subjects  ask  a  respectful  hearing  of  our 
rt::i ders. 

In  vi~w of  the  alumni  reunion  to  lne  held  next  year, 

the department of  Personals  should  be  of  special  inter 
est to  all  graduiites.  The  success  of  that  department 
depends  largely  on  a}umni  and  they  are  asked to send in 
any  information  concerning  themselves or  their  college 
friends  that ·would  be of  general interest.  A  little exer 
tion  on  the part of  each  alumnus  will  enable  us  to  make 
the department of  Personals what it should be. 

8 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

IN  following  out the line  of  thought suggested by  the 
Baccalaureate aclclre  sat the  Univer  ity commencement, 
one  of  the  Detroit  dailies  suggest 
that  the  various 
denominational  college  and  the  Agricultural  College 
should  be  combined  with  the  uniYersity.  While  we 
have  nothing  to  say  concerning  the  denominational  col 
leges  we do  protest  again  t  any  such  plan  concerning 
the  Agricultural  College. 

The plan  i  not  a  new  one,  for  it  was  propo  eel  when 
the  College was founded  and since then  ha  been  ·everal 
times  brought  to  notice .  The only  apparent  cause  for 
its  reappearance  at  this  time  i · the  feeling  now  existing 
among Uni,·ersity  men  that the College ha  been fayored 
by  the  governor  at  the  expen  e  of  the  Univer  ity . 
They  lo  e  ight  of  the  fact  that the  College  bill  con 
tained  the  provi  o  that  he  wi  heel  to  have inserted  in  the 
Uni \'ersity  bill  and  the  ab  ence  of  which  in  that  bill 
cau  eel  his  veto.  They  consider that  hi 
igning  of  the 
college  bill as  pa  sed  by  the legislature,  was  evidence  of 
his  partiality  tovvard  this  institution  and  their  friendli 
nes 
increased 
thereby. 
\Vith  this  feeling  toward  the  College  the 
change is  proposed . 

for  the  Agricultural  College 

is  not 

So  far  as  the  Uni,·er  ity  i  concerned  the  change 
would  be  achantageou  ,  for  a  more  liberal  endowment 
of  her scientific  departments would  ineYitably  cau  e  an 
increased  attendance of student  .  The U niYersity  is not, 
howeYer,  the  all  in  all  of  the  educational  sy  tem  of  our 
State. 
' he  has  her  field  of  work  and  right  nobly  has 
she  performed  the  tasks  assigned  to  her,  hut  the  work 
done  by  this  college  she  can  not do.  The experience of 
everal of  our  neighboring States proves that the kind · of 
educational  work  peculiar  to  the  agricultural  colleges 
can  not  be successful  at  uni ver  ities. 

Niany  of our  tudents  come  from  farm  ,  work s hops 
and  the  humbler  walks  of life .  They desire to  fit  them  
selves  for  u  eful  occupation  but  do  not  wish  to  enter 
the  profe 
ions.  That  there  i  nothing  cleg!·acling  in 
the fact  that a  man  is  a  mechanic  or  farmer  does  not 
preyent  the ordinary  profes  ional  student  from  looking 
less  polished,  though  often  times more  use 
down  on  hi 
ful  brother.  The  re  ult of  thi  feeling  in  a  uni,·er  it\·  is 
that the departments  of  Medicine  and  Law  are  filled 
with  student  while  the  number  in  the  agricultural  and 
mechanical  department  grow  "small  by  degree  and 
beautifully  le 
"  and  the  usefulness  of  the  latter depart 
ments  is  thu 

lessened . 

The  increased  expense  attendant  on  uni,·er  ity  life 
would  deprive  many .student  who  can  now  a\·ail  them  
selYes  of college  pri,·ilege  ,  of the opportunity  to  obtain 
an  education.  This college  has  earned  a  reputation as  a 
college  where  the  poor boy  can  pay  .his  own  way,  and 
any  change  will  injure  a  large  clas  of  students  whom 
the college  was  destined  to  b:o .. .:fit. 

bound  it  elf  to  so  apply  the  funds  arising  from  the  sale 
of  those  lands  in  the  manner  which  will  hest  promote 
those  ends.  A  comparison  of  the  plan  pur  ued  in  thi 
tate  with  those  pursued  in  other  States show  that  the 
agricultural  college  is  far  more  successful  when  kept 
ical  college  than 
distinct  from  the  university  or  cla 
when joined  to  such  in 'titutions. 
uch  is  the  verdict of 
those  who  haYe  made  the  question  a  study,  and  uch 
must  be  the  course  pursued  in  the  future  if  there  is  to 
be  a  continuation  of  the  valuable  work  already  clone  by 
th's college. 

Ii.  RECENT  number of  the  Hillsdale  College  Herald 

contain  a  communication  concerning  an  inter-collegiate 
field  day  and  oratorical  contest  which  meets  our  hearty 
approYal.  The writer proposes  that  instead  of  holding 
a  public  field  d&y  at  each  college  in  the  State,  as  wa 
clone  thi  year,  the  colleges  ha,·e  eparate  contests  and 
the  winner  in  these  contest  meet at one  of  the  college 
and  hold  an  inter-State  conte  t,  both  in  sports  and  in 
icle  of  the question  is  discu  sed 
oratory .  The  field  day 
in  the  department  of  athletic 
issue,  and  we  call 
pet:ial  attention  to  that article. 

in  thi 

to  the  inter-

In  oratorical  competition  Michigan  is  far  behind  her 
ister  States.  The  colleges  of  Illinois,  Indiana,  Ohio, 
\ Vi  con  in,  and  other 
tate  of  the  northwest,  hold 
annual  oratorical  contests  and  end  the  winner in  each 
to  the  State contest.  The  winner  at  the  State  conte  t 
tate  contest,  in  which  the  whole 
goe 
northwest,  aye  :Michigan,  is  represented .  We  know 
of  no  rea  on  why  Michigan  houlcl  not  compete  with 
other States.  Her college  ought  not  to  be  inferior  to 
respect,  and  if  equal  to 
those  of  other 
other  'tate  they  should  be  represented. 
uch  a  com 
timulate  all  our  tudents  in  their  rhetoi·-
petition  \\'Ould 
1  ic;il  "·ork, and  would  thus  aid  in  rai  ing  the  standard  of 

in  thi 

tate 

excellence  in  the  various  college  . 

For our  own  college  this  would  be  of  pecial  impor 
tance .  At ]Jre  cnt  there  is  no  stimulus to  the  student  to 
put  forth  hi-;  best  efforts,  except  the  wi  h  to  make  a 
tudents,  and  to 
creditable  showing  before  his  fellow 
increa  e  hi  own  ability  in  this  line of  work.  No prize 
are  offered for  proficiency  in  public  peaking  as  is  done 
tate.  The  average  stu 
in  the  other  college  of  the 
igned  him  and  considers 
dent  grinds  out  the  work  a 
him  elf  very  fortunare  when  he  ha  fini  heel  his  public 
speeches. 
Tl:~t ~L;~  state  of  affairs  is  a  re  ult  of  the 
plan  0f'  in  truction  followed  here  we  do  not  belie,·e· 
Our  cour  e  in  Engli  h  and  in  rhetorical  writing  and 
speaking  is  a  good  one,  and  only  needs  some  such  stim 
ulant  ;i  the  one  proposed  to  produce  good  re  ults.  A 
healthy competition  would  bring  out  the  hitherto  unde 
,·elopecl  talent and  make  a  better  showing  for  our  col 
lege  in  literary  work. 

The objects  for  which  thi  colleO'e  wa  founded  were 
the  promotion  of  Scientific  Agriculture  and 
the 
Mechanic  Arts  and  by  it  acceptance  of  the  Congres 
tate  has 
sional  Janel  grant  for  the 

·ame  purpose  the 

To  ecure such  a  conte  t  for  next  year  it  will  be  nec 
e  sary  to  take  the  initiatory  steps  next  term,  and  a  com 
mittee  must be selected  to  confer with  committees  from 
the  other  college  on  this  subject.  ~\ction might  be 

7 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

9 

taken  by  the  literary  societies  early  in  the  term,  and  the 
matter  started  in  that  way.  The  preliminary  contest 
would  probably  be  held  about  the  midd le  of  our spring 
term,  and  contestants  would  need  to  prepare  themselves 
in  pai:t,  at  least,  <luring  the  winter  vacation.  At  all 
events  let  us  discuss  the  plan  among  ourselves  and  take 
action  as  will  best  promote  the  interests  of  the college. 

FoR  many  years  this  college  has  had  a  widespread 
reputation  as  a  school  where  landscape  gardening  could 
be  studied  with  peculiar  advantages.  Our  catalogue 
mentions  our "beautiful  and  ex ten. ive  grounds"  as  fur 
nishing  an  important aid  to  students  who  wish  to  study 
this  branch  of  mt,  and  as  an 
inducement  for  such 
students  to  enter  the  college.  Lectures  in  this  subject 
are  illustrated  by  views  on  the  grounds,  and  thus  the 
student studies  from  nature. 

Of  couJse  with  such a condition  of  things, all possible 
kinds  of  scenery  must  be present,  and  in  those  parts  of 
the  grounds  where  they  will form  a  harmonious feature 
of  the  landscape .  vV e  arc  taught  that beautifnl  build 
ings  require  velvety  lawns  and  tr  es  of  delicate  fo liage, 
while  those  of  a  picturesque  appearance  are  satisfied 
with  rougher  surroundings.  If  these  principle · were 
followed  in  the  system  of landscape gardening,  that  has 
been practiced  here  this  summer,  Wells  Hall  must  be 
fearfully  picturesque.  The  lawn  between  it  and  Col 
lege  Hall  has  been  rough  and  shaggy  enough  during 
the  present  summer  to  form  a  fit  setting  for  a  ruined 
castle  of  the  most  dilapidated  type. 

The  lance-leaved  plantain  has  flourished 

in  great 
profusion,  and  the festive grasshopper has Jived  in peace, 
undisturbed  save  at  long  intern1ls,  by  the  clatter  of 
the  mower.  The ancient  walk  oYer  vvhich  our alumni 
trod  on  their daily  journey  to  College  Hall,  has  given 
place  to  a  series  of  "dog-paths."  These,  though 
unpretending  in  appearance,  po  sess  the  merit of  con 
ducting  the  pedestrian  to  hi .  destination  without com 
pelling  him  to  walk  in  a  bed  of  dust in  summer and  a 
shallow  ditch  in  spring  and  fall.  They  do  not  add  to 
rhe  appearance  of  the  lawn,  nor  are  our  visitors  fayor- . 
ably  impressed  by -the  sight  of  them.  The  stakes  and 
miniature  hurdles  which  grace  these  paths  we re  novel 
them,  but  their  uniformly 
ties  when  first  placed  in 
barren  appearance  has  rendered  them  monotonous  in 
tbe  extreme. 

The  truth  of  the  matter  is  this:  A  good  hard  walk 
is  needed  between  \Velis  Hall  and  \Villiams  Hall,  and 
another  between  \Velis  Hall  and  College  Hall.  Stu 
dents  who  room  in  \Veils  Hall  use  these  walks  more 
than  any  other  walks  on  the  grounds,  and  o  long  as 
tbey  remain  in  their  present condition  "dog-paths"  will 
be  made  and  the  lawn  can  not  be  kept  in  presentable 
shape,  no  matter  how  much  work  is  done  on  it.  The 
majority  of  our students  take  an  interest  in  the  grounds 
and  buildings  and  wish  to  sec  them  well  cared  for  and 
neatly  kept.  The  cost  of  new  walks  in  these  place 

would  not  be  large,  and  if  good  walks  are  built  the 
boys  will  glad! y  "keep off  the  grass." 

Tim  work  system  still  continues  to  be  a  subject of 
discussion  among  our students.  Ever since the  opening 
of  the  College, daily  attendance at  work  has been  com 
pulsory  for  all  able  bodied  students,  except  during  a 
few  weeks  in  the  Senior  year  just  previous  to  com 
mencement.  So  long  as  this  rule  remains  on  the  books 
it  should  he  enforced .  The  granting  of  excuses  for 
trivial  reasons  i.  a  bad  policy  to  pursue  in  any  case 
In  the 
where  regular  attendance  is  a  reL1uirement. 
class  room  it  breed  contempt of  the  teacher,  and  con 
sequent inattention  and  disorder. 
In  the  work  sy  tem 
it cannot fail  to  have  the  same effect. 

A  careful  study  of  the  course  of  instruction  offered 
at  this  College will  convince  any  one  that students must 
work  both  on  the  farm  and garden  at  some  time  during 
their course.  Horticulture  and  agriculture  can  not  be 
is  fol lowed.  To 
thoroughly  taught  unless  this  plan 
reap  any  benefit  from  these  studies  the  student  must 
become  familiar  with  the  methods  of  work  and  experi 
ment,  and  this  he  can  only  accomplish  by  engaging  in 
them  himself.  So  far  as  the  compulsory  work  is  edu 
to  the  student,  but  as  now 
cational,  it  is  of  value 
conducted  the  afternoon  work  is  almost  entirely  con 
fined  to  the  two  branches  just  named.  The injustice  of 
thiF  plan  is  evident.  Studies  that  are  of  as  much 
importance  as  these  two  are  taught  with  little  time  for 
experiment,  and  consequently  do  not benefit  the  student 
as  they  should .  Thus  in  chemical  physics  the  experi 
ments  have  in  the  past  been  crowded  into  the  hours  set 
In  entomology  the  labo 
aside  for  reading  and  sports. 
ratory  work  is  limited  to  one  afternoon  each  week,  and 
in  mechanics  the  experiments  have,  in  the  past, been 
few,  not  from  lack of  apparatus  but  from  lack  of  time 
In  systematic  botany  there 
on  the  pa rt  of  students. 
has  been  no  provision  for  any  work  outside  of  the class 
room,  and  t!1us  students do  not  become well  acquainted 
with  the  trees  and  plant  on  the  grounds.  All  of  these 
time,  and  the  only  time  to  be  had  is 
tudies  need  mor 
in  the  afternoon.  The  work  must,  to  a  certain  extent, 
yield  to  study  and  experiment  if  the  best  results  are  to 
be  attained  in  the  teaching  of  these  branches. 

The strong  arguments  in  favor  of  the  work  system 
in  addition  to  the  one  already  mentioned,  have  been 
that students  need  the  exercise  which  work  gives,  and 
many  need  the  money  received  for  their labor.  So far 
as  the  former  i  concerned  the  student  can  get  more 
real  benefit  from  an  hour devoted  to  sport in  the  cooler 
parts  of  the day  than  from  three  hours  of such  work  as 
i ·done by  the  average  student.  The  money  earned  at 
the  present  rate  of  wages is  hut a  pittance,  and  it  alone 
offers  no  inducement  to  the  majority  of  our students. 
If the  working  force  were  lessened  the same amount of 
money  could  be  paid  to  fewer  students,  and  thus  those 
who  must  work  would  receive  a  fair  return  for  their 
labor.  The  same  amount  of  work  could  be  clone  by 

~ 

IO 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

three-fourth  of 
if  they 
receiYed  a  fair  compensation  and  were graded according 
to  the  amount and  quality  of  work  clone. 

the  present  working  force 

The best solution  of  the  problem  seems  to  be  to  con 
tinue  the  present  ystem  with  slight alteration  up  to  the 
spring  term  of  the  Junior year,  and  then  make  manual 
labor or  laboratory  work  optional.  Students  who  have 
reached  the  middle  of  their  Junior  year  are capable  of 
choosing  for  them  elve  the  afternoon occupation which 
will  be  most  profitable  to  them during  the  remainder of 
their course,  and  houlcl  be  permitted  to choo  e  whether 
they  perform  manual  labor  or  not.  More  laboratory 
work  and. le  s  manual  labor  for  Juniors  and  Seniors 
eems  the  mo  t  practical  solution,  and  the  sooner  the 
necessarr  changes  can  be  made  the  better  will  it  be  for 
both 

tuclents  and  College. 

' rxcE  the  pre,·ious  article  was  written  the  scheme  of 
work  for  next  term  has  been  adopted  by  the  faculty. 
It  contains  several  change  and  leaves  the  afternoon 
programme  for  next  year about  as  follows. 

During  the  fall  term  all  Sen iors  who take  chemical 
physics  will  be  excused  from  manual  labor  as  the  reci 
tations  will  be  held  in  the afternoon .  Juniors will work 
a  now  except that durin)!  the  latter  half  of  the  term 
they  will  ba,·c  two  afternoons  a  week  for  work  in 
anatomy.  Sophomores  will  work  as  now  during  nine 
weeks  of  the  term  but will  have  three week  of  work in 
the  blacksmith  hop,  while  the  work  for Freshmen will 
be  practically  unchanged . 

Seniors  who  take horticulture during  the  spring  term 
will  work  in the  hortcultural  laboratory, while the work 
in  other classes  remains  about  the  same.  Military drill 
will  be compul  ory  for  all  students  this  term. 

In  the summer term  those  Seniors  who  take quantita 
ti,·e analy. is  will  take drill,  those  who  do not will work. 
Juniors  and  Sophomore  will  not  drill  hut  will  work 
three  hours,  the  Sophomores  having  two  afternoons  a 
week  for  botany  and  chemical  manipulations.  Fre  h 
men  work  the  same  as  now  excepting  on  Vv eclne ·day 
when  they  have  rhetorical  . 

All  rhetoricals,  and  in  fact  all  college  work  is  lo  end 
at  five  o'clock,  thus  leaving  an  hour  open  for  the 
'vVedne  day  afternoon  lectures  which  will  come  every 
week  instead of  in  alternate  weeks  as before,  and for  the 
various  extra  meetings  that  come  from  time  to  time. 
The  new  scheme substitutes  much  laboratory  work  for 
manual  labor and  a 
ign  work  of  some  kind  to  every 
tudent.  Those  who  do  not  work  out  of  doors or  at 
laboratory,  and  those  who 
pccial  work  are  in  the 
are  engaged  in  laboratory work  that doe  not give them 
sufficient  exercise, take drill. 

It  will  be  seen  that  military  drill  is  compulsory  dur 
ing  four  terms  of  the  course  but that those terms are not 
In our opinion  this  wi ll  prove detrimental 
consecutive. 
to  the  best  interests  of  the  military department.  Mili 
tary discipline  cannot effect  its  ends when  it  i  spa  mod  
ion of drill during the summer 
ically applied.  The omi 

term  for  Juniors  and  Sophomores  will  leave  but  few 
drilled  officers  to  take  up  the  work  at  the  beginning  of 
the fall  term,  and  will  cau  e  much dissatisfaction  during 
that  term .  The  requirement  that  Seniors-who  take 
quantitative  analysis  hall  take  drill,  will  lead  to  much 
inconvenience as  there will  be students who  ~ish to  take 
that study  without  being  compelled  to  take drill. 

Taken  a  a  whole,  however,  the  scheme  is  a  great 
iniprovement over  the old  one  and  seems lo  be  a  step  in 
the  right direction. 

Oua  College 

i  keeping  step  with  other  educa 
tional  institutions  in  more  ways  than  one.  During  its 
early  history  it  seem 
to  have  been  regarded  simply  as 
a  sort  of  penal  in  titutio,n  where  self- acrificing  young 
men  might come  to  learn  to  be farmers. .  Anything  not 
directly  connected  with  science  or farming  was frowned 
upon  by  those  in  charge,  and  ~s  a  result  the  College 
wa  not  over-crowded  wilh students. 

Those  days  arc  now  past,  and students  arc  allowed 
more  liberty,  both  in  their  work  and  in  their  amuse 
ments,  and  often  meet  with  encouragement  from  those 
in  power  when  they  wi  h  to  attempt  kind  of  work 
In  the 
that  will  add  to  the  reputation  of  the  College. 
larger colleges  and  universities  it  has  long  been custom 
ary  for  the  students  to  publish  an  annual  volume  that 
shall  make a  complete  exhibit  of 
'uch a 
publication give  a  better  idea  of  the  standing  of  a  col 
lege  in  many  respects  than  can  be  gained  from  any 
publication  prepared  hy  the  faculty,  for  it  is  the  work 
of  students  who  are  sqpposed  to  represent  the  quality 
of  material  turned  out  by  the  college. 
It  is  not  the 
in  prai  ing  the  institution 
work  of  parties  interested 
and  so  gives a  picture  that is  more  likely  to  be  ju  t  than 
is  the  regular college  catalogue. 

tudent  life. 

Feeling  the  need  of  some  such  publication  here,  the 
class  of  '89  have  decided  lo  issue  such  a  volume  and 
have  elected  a  board  of  editors  to  take  charge of  lhc 
work.  These  editors  arc  aided  by  members  of  all  the 
other classe  ,  so  that  it  will  represent  the  whole college 
and  not si 111 ply  one  cl as  . 

It will  contain,  among  other  articles,  a  biography  of 
President Willits, a history of the College  written by one 
who  has  long  been  connected  with  it,  historic  of  all 
the  cla  es  now  here,  and  a  full  li  t  of  students  in 
attendance,  the  officer  and  members  of  the  literary 
societies,  fraternities,  and  other  college  organization  . 
Poetry  and  fun  will  be  represented,  and  all  the  peculiar 
features  of  life  at an  agricultural  college  will  be shown 
in  their  most striking  form. 

It has  been  appropriately  named  7 lie  Harrow,  aad 
will  be  printed  on  fine  paper,  6%'.x9Yz  inches  in  size 
and  bound  in  imitation  alligator,  thus  making a  neat and 
attractive  volu me . 

One  of  the  most  interesting  features will be  the  large 
number of  cuts  which  will  adorn its pages and  illustrate 
the  matter  contained  therein .  These  have  all  been 
made  expressly  for  Tlie  Harrow,  and  will,  in  many 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

I  I 

cases  express  a  meaning  that  words  would 
convey. 

fail 

to 

The publishers  have spared  no  expense  necessary  to 
make  it  a  success,  and  they  furnish  it  to  all  students, 
alumni,  ans)  friends  of  the  College  at actual  cost,  which 
will  be  between  seventy-five  cents  and  one dollar  per 
copy. 
It will  be  issued  some  time  in  August,  and  can 
be -obtained  from  J.  H.  vVheeler,  who  is  the  managing 
editor,  or  from  the secretary  of  the  College. 
- We  know  of  no  means  by  which  alumni  can  secure 
so  much  information  concerning  the  student  life  of  the 
present  as  by  a  perusal  of  The -Harrow. 
It is  to  be 
hoped  that every  one  who  feels  an  interest  in  the  Col 
lege  and  her students,  will· obtain  a  copy. 

'  IF  our  respected  faculty  ha<l  searched  for  a  course  of 
action  that  would  leaye  them  in  a  ludicrous  position, 
they  could  hardly  have  found  one  better suited  to  their 
purpose than  that they  have  pun;ued  in  making  one  of 
the  recent  suspensions.  The  spectacle  presented,  of  a 
body  of  grave  and  dignified  professors  moYed  to  wrath 
by  a  glimpse  at  a  picture  of  one  of  their  body  as  he 
appears  in  the  class  room,  is,  indeed,  ridiculous  enough 
to  excite  the  risibilities  of  the  most  serious  man.  But 
their  vengeance- may  Tom  N ast's  guardian  angel  cast 
a  pitying  glance  on  the  luckless  wight  who  attempts  to 
relieve  the  monotony  of  an  uninteresting  lecture  hour 
by  decorating  his  note  book  with  sketche  however 
prosaic.  · 

Why a  student should  be  punished  for  illustrating  a 
priYate  note-book 
in  such  manner  as  he  sees  fit,  is 
beyond  the  ken  of  most  of  us.  Such  a  cour  e  savors 
of  the  inquisition  and  the  star  chamber,  and  doe  not 
increase  the  respect  of  students  for  the  rules  and  regu 
lation 
If stud en ts  must  be 
puuished  to  appease  the  enmity of  any  one,  or  to  aid  in 
propping  up  any  shaky  department,  a  more  heinous 
crime  than  this  should  be  assigned  as  the  cause  of  the 
pu:~ishment, if  the  dignity  of  the  faculty  is  to  be  pre 
sen-ed in  the  eyes  of  the students. 

laid  clown  by  the  faculty. 

COLLEG E  N EWS. 

Ho!  for  vacation! 

Hoe in  the garden. 

The students were  in  demand as harvest hands ~ 
Some of the ~eniors are reading up in  agriculture. 

Freshman class  day,  Aug.  5th  at the  Lansing  House. 
Everybody subscribe for  the  Annual.  Take it  for  your friends. 

Prof.  MacEwan attended  the  National  Teacher's  Association  at 

Chicago. 

\Vho got the  pears? 

\Vho  makes  the dog-paths across  the  lawn? 

The sophomore. 

Our  weather  signals  have  indicated  rain  five  times  for  every 

shower we have had. 

No .work  for  the  senior  class  during  the  fall  term.  Chemical 

physics  from  1 to .3  P.  M. 

Water piping is  being laid  from  the  main  in  the  library  to  the 

forcmg  house  in  the garden . 

July  19th was  the warmest  day at the college.  The  thermometer 

registered 98  deg. in the shade. 

Two universities are seeking professors of entomology  at this col 

lege.  Still  our fame  goes abroad. 

How  will  the  present  juniors  be  listed  in  the  next  catalogue 

-as seniors or as post-graduates? 

·Several rattlesnakes have  been  killed  on  the  farm  lately.  One 
was  brougnt up in  a  load  to  the  barn. 

The mechanical department  has  three  lathes  nearly  completed; 

two are for  wood.  A  fourth  lathe  is  under way. 

Lieut.  Lockwood's lecture on  thP.  military position of  France  was 

very  interesting to the student of modern political  history. 

The addition of an upper story to the green-house has  added two 

nice  rooms  but has  not  improved the appearance of the building. 

If you  have any private diaries or personal account books you  had 
better send  them  home or take them  to  the club  kitchen  and  burn 
them. 

Stewards for  fall  term:  Club  A-F.  B.  Ambler.  Club  B-H.  E. 
Harrison.  Club C-T. McGrath.  Club  D-F.  Seibert.  Club  E 
A.  B.  Cordley. 

The new apiary  will  be  located  back  of  Prof.  Carpenter's  house. 
It will  be a  model of  its  kind and  will  contain every thing an  edu 
cated  bee  could  desire. 

The  new  plan of picking the small fruits  by  the quart has worked 
well.  Some students  made double the regulation price while others 
made only  four  cents per hour. 

Some of the class in  agriculture did so  well  in  taking  notes  that 
they were requested to hand  in their  note  books  for  inspection  by 
the faculty  and state board. 

The seniors  have  of  late  taken  great  interest  in  fixing  up  the 
grounds around the dormitories.  They  have been  working  under 
the supervision  of Pres.  Willits. 

Dr.  Grange's  lecture  on  contagious  diseases  of  animals  was  of 
much  interest,  showing  the  danger  of  handling  certain  diseases 
in  farm  stock and the danger to  food  supplies. 

The  large tank and  piping connected  with  it  are to  be thoroughly 
cleaned.  The water from  the artesian  well  will  be pumped into the 
tank and the halls  will  be  supplied  with  drinking  water  on  every 
floor. 

The plan of making the course in chemical  physics  largely exper 
imental,  meets  the  desires of those  who  will  select it.  This is  a step 
in the right direction  as  it  makes a  direct  application  of  the  book 
lesson. 

Dr.  Beal  and Prof.  Cook.  will  attend  the  Association  for Advance· 
ment of Science,  held  in  New  York  City;  also the Agricultural Asso 
ciation  which  meets  the  same  week.  They  will  read  papers 
before  hoth  bodies. 

The work was finished on the artesian  well  the  first  of the  term. 
The capacity was  tried  and  for  three hours it  furnished  two  barrels 
per minute.  The well  has  proved  to  be  what  was  needed  as  the 
other wells  have failed. 

The college has  been  visited  by  a  number of  Professors  of  west 
ern  colleges: ::J.mong  them  President  Morrison,  of  Drury  college, 
Missouri.  Prof.  Popinoe,  Prof.  of Horticulture and  Entomology, at 
Kansas  Agricultural  College;  Mrs.  Prof.  Kedzie  of  the  Kansas 
Agricultural College. 

Commencement will  begin  with  the  Delta  Tau  Delta,  Eclectic 
and  Olympic  banquets  on Friday evening, Aug.  12th.  Baccalaure· 
ate sermon  Sunday  Aug.  14th.  Phi  Delta  Theta  banquet  on  Mon 
day  night,  Aug.  15th.  Senior  class  day  and  banquet  the  16th. 
Commencement  day  and  President's  reception  on  the  17th . 

Subject of commencement orations:  Mrs.  H.  T.  French-Knowl 
edge comes, but \Visdom lingers.  vV.  C.  Hall-Our Obligations to the 
Federal Convention  of  1787.  H . . H.  Winde-The  Evil of too Great 
Freedom of Utterance.  E.  A.  Burnett-Culture from  Scientific Stud· 
ies.  W.  C.  Sanson-Use of History.  C.  B.  \Valdron-First Peace 
able  Then  Pure.  H.  L.  Chapin-Industrial  Education a  Necessity 
iu  the  United  States.  E.  W.  Redman-Forestry. 

\Ve  are pleased to  notice  the  weekly scientific excursions  of  our 
bachelor alumni to the northwest (Lansing).  Advance Agent  Lake 
goes Saturday even ing;  President Cotton the next  morning;  Mana· 
ger Woodworth  the same evening brings up  the  rear.  They  returo 

12 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

in inverse order at midnight.  Meetings reported  as  very  interest 
ing.  Lake is said  to  have  discovered  a  new  and  rare  botanical 
specimen.  President  Cotton  is  a  prime  mover in  a  scheme to  have 
bi-weekly  meetings. 

The seeming calm of the present term  was  only  a  seeming  one. 
The  usual  number  of  faculty  meetings  has  at  last  developed  the 
usual  result.  A  number  of  the  boys  have  been  suspended  for 
longer or shorter terms.  Some few  years ago  these  troubles  used 
to  occur  in  the  horticuiture class;  but when  the right  man  tool;:  the 
chair,  horticulture became a  study that is  liked  by  all  who  take it. 
All  further  trouble  in  this  class  ceased.  Like results  might  be 
accomplished  elsewhere. 

The  lecture  in  the  chapel  by  Dr.  ·wallace,  of  England,  was 
listened  to  by  a  large  audience.  The  subject  of  the  lecture  was 
Evolution  and  it was one of the best tbat has  been given  at the col  
lege.  The crowding  of  the  room  a nd  intense  heat  rendered  the 
audience  restless.  If we  are to  have  public lectures  from  popular 
lecturers we  must  have more room.  The  increased  number of  stu 
dents  calls for  more seating capacity  and this can only be given  by 
having a  new  chapel.  Mr.  \>Vallace  delivered  another  lecture  on 
Mimicry,  Monday  evening,  Aug.  1st.  This  was  illustrated  with 
lantern  views. 

Literary officers of  the  societies  are  as  follows:  Union  Literary 
Sqciety-Orator,  G.  C.  Crandall;  Historian,  \>V.  C.  Sanson;  Poet, 
G. J.  Hume;  Prophet,  W.  A.  Taylor;  Toast-master,  H.  W.  McArdle. 
Phi  Delta Th eta  fraternity-Orator,  Clark  Hubbell;  Historian, A. 
B.  Cordley;  Poet,  I. B.  Bates;  Toast-master  F.  Stockwell;  Prophet, 
B.  K.  Canfield.  Olympic  Society-Orator,  P.  G.  Holden;  Histo 
rian,  G.  L.  Teller;  Poet,  I.  B.  Bates;  Prophet,  0.  C.  \Nheeler:  Toast 
master,  A.  B.  Cordley.  Eclectic  Society-Orator,  F .  B.  Ambler; 
Historian,  E.  A.  Burnett;  Poet,  R.  vV.  McCulloch;  Prophet,  H.  H. 
Winde;  Statistician,  D.  A.  Pelton;  Toast-master,  F.  R.  Smith. 

The glorious  Fouth  was  passed  in  various  ways  by  the . boys. 
The cadets went to  Flint and  astonished the citizens  with  the  pre 
cision of their drill.  They  rendered  effective  police  duty  in  keep 
ing the crowd off the parade grounds  while  the  sports  and  games 
were being held.  Those  who  went to Pine  Lake came  back  tired 
and  reported  nothing of interest  at  that  resort.  The  second  nine 
ball team went to Webberville  and  took  the  game.  About  twenty 
students remained  at the college; some of these had  a  game of  ball 
in  which  the score ran  up  to the old standard; 39 to  27.  Some went 
hQ.!!l~ to  help on their father's  farm,  and to see their cousizts. 

The union  meeting of the literary societies  was  held  in the chapel 
Saturday  evening, July 23d.  This is the first that  has been  held  in 
this college  for  some  time.  The  evening  was  an  enjoyable  one. 
Programme;  Music  by orchestra.  Life ·of  La Salle,  F.  B.  Ambler. 
Debate,  Was  President  Cleveland justified in  vetoing  the depend 
ant  pension  bill;  aff.  E.  A.  Burnett,  neg.  G.  C.  Crandall.  Music 
by orchestra.  Love  story,  E.  A.  Holden.  Oration,  Harry  Thur 
tell.  Song,  by college  double  quartette.  Decision  of  judges  in 
favor of the affirmative.  College Oracle,  Geo.  M.  Van  Atta.  Music 
It is hoped that there will  be more of these  meet 
by the orchestra. 
ings  in  the future.  They stimulate to better  work and  may  finally 
lead to our admission into the North V.'estern Oratorical Association. 

The  competitive  drill  between  the  cadet  companies  was  held 
July  28th.  The  judges  were  Lieut.  Dodge,  of  Ft.  Wayne  and  Mr. 
vVm.  Appleyard, of Lansing.  Company  A,  commanded  by  Capt.  I. 
B.  Bates,  came  into the field  first.  Their drilling was  almost  fault 
less,  the  company  becoming  rattled  only once.  Time was called 
and  then  Company  B,  commanded  by  Capt.  \>V.  C.  Sanson,  took 
their position.  The drilling of Co. B was to  outside judges as  good 
as  that of Co.  A  but the  decision  was given  to  Co.  A  because  of  the 
excellence  of  their  manual.  The  number  of  evolutions  was  not 
taken into account;  the  precision  of the evolutions being the  stand 
ard.  The personal  drill  was entered for  by 27  men  commanded  by 
Lieut. J.  A.  Lockwood.  After the  first  five  minutes  the  number  of 
prospective  champions  was  reduced  to  two  and  when  time  was 
called the decision  was  doubtful  but  was,  after some  deliberation, 
given  to  Corporal John 0' Bannon,  Corporal Churchill being second . 
The drill  was wittJessed  by nearly 300 spectators. 

The last meeting of the  Natural  History Society was a  very inter 
esting one.  There were  three  articles  presented:  Desmids,  by  R. 
S.  Baker,  this  was illustrated  by drawings.  Observations on plants 

and trees by L.  H.  Dewey.  The object of these observations  was to 
determine the period of growth of our various plants and trees with 
a  view  to determine the prospect  of  acclimatizing  certain  kinds of 
forest  trees.  The most of our native  trees  complete  the  period  of 
their  growth  before  July.  One  of  the  earliest  shrubs  was  the 
common  Syringa  or  Lilac.  Soft Maple  began  its  growth  the first 
of  May  and  completed  it  the  29th  of  Jun e.  As  a  rule  the  trees 
grew  the  fastest  about  a  week  before  completing  growth.  The 
longest  growth  was  made  by  an  Oriental  Plane  tree,  which 
has  grown 50  inches  already  and  is  still  growing.  Comparisons 
of  poisons  by  A.  E.  Hart.  All  the  inseCl.icides  were  found  to 
contain  arsenic as their  active  principle,  most of  them  are  of  less 
value than  Paris  green  or London  purple.  Talks  on  the  Chinese 
peach and  Russian  mulberries by  Prof.  L.  H.  Bailey.  He showed 
specimens  of  both.  Plant  devices  to  secure  fertilization,  was 
prensted by  D . A.  Pelton. 

P E RSONALS. 

It is our aim  to  make the  personal  department  of  the  SPECULUM 
a  means by  which  old students and graduates of the M.  A.  C.  may 
hear of  those  with  whom  they  were acquainted while  here.  That 
it  may fulfill  its  purpose  we  request Alumni  and others, to  notify  us 
of  any  matters of  interest which  properly belong to  its columns. 

Charles  E.  St. John  is  here studying  Botany,  Landscape  Garden 

ing,  Entomology and  Chemistry. 

Senator Monroe attended  the celebration of the semi-centennial  of 

the  University at  Ann  Arbor in June. 

Mr.  vV.  D.  Hill,  who  will  be the  next editor of  the  Normal  News, 
spent some lime on  the grounds recently as guest of D.  M.  Myers of 
the class of  '89. 

Prof.  Geo.  H.  Harrower will  retu rn  soon  from  Halle,  Germany, 
where he received  the degree of  Ph .D .. and  will  engage  in  journal 
ism  in North  America. 

Erwin  F. Smith, a  special student five  or six years ago,  und e r  Dr. 
Beal,  is  in  Maryland  investigating the peach  pellows for  the  United 
States  Department of Agriculture. 

Prof.  MacEwan  met  Ed.  M.  Shelton,  of '71,  \V.  C.  Latta,  of  '71, 
John  R.  Shelton,  of '82,  and  J.  H.  Smith,  of '83,  at  the  National 
Teachers' Association,  held  at Chicago a  few  weeks  ago . 

Shigehide Arakana,  of Sappero,  Japan, who spent  several  weeks 
studying  at  this  college  a  year  or  more  ago,  came  here  on  a  visit 
recently  from  Ann  Arbor where he had  graduated from  the literary 
department of the University. 

Dr.  Louis McLouth,  President of  Dakota  Agricultural  College, at 
Brookings,  Dakota,  is auth orized  to  come east and procure  utensils 
for  that college,  and  hopes to stop  at  the  M.  A.  C.  in  August.  He 
and  the college of which  he  has cha rge are highly spoken  of  by  the 
Sioux  Falls  Press.  H is  inaugural  address  is  an  excellent  produc 
tion  and  worthy the  careful  consideration of  all  who  are  interested 
in educational  matters.  The Agricultural  College  seems  to  be  the 
pet institution  of  the  territory. 

N.  P.  Clarke, an  extensive  farmer of St.  Cloud,  Minn.,  visited the 
College recently.  He says the  Agricultural  College of  Minn.  being 
an  annex of  the  University  is a  fai lure.  For this  reason  he  is  lead 
ing a  movement  to establish the Agricultural  College  as  a  separate 
institution,  and  hearing from  all  sources that this is the  best college 
of  its kind  in  the  United  States,  cam e  here to  get data upon  whi ch 
to  base his efforts. 

CLASS  '62. 

E.  M.  Preston,  President of the Alumni, gave an oration on the 4th 
of  July  at  Nevada  City,  Ca l.,  which  was  praised very highly and 
printed  in  the daily papers. 

CLASS  '67. 

A.  Clifford  Prutzman  is  foreman  of the  Prutzman  Manufacturing 

'vVorks  at Three  Rivers. 

CJ,ASS  '68. 
Prof.  S.  M.  Tracy,  for  some  years  Professor of  Botany at the  Uni 
versity of Missouri, has  recently r esigned.  He is  now  in  connection 
with  the governme nt surveying expedition  in  California,  doing  bot 
anical  work. 

THE  COLLEGE 

SPECULUM . 

CLASS  169. 
Dr.  C.  E.  Bessey,  Dean  of  the  Nebraska  Agricultural  College, 
sends a  copy of his  excellently illustrated  lecture  on  grasses to Dr. 
Beal. 

CLASS 

'70. 

Chas.  W.  Garfield  gave a  course  of  lectures,  recently, at  Cornell 
University and h as  been  urged  to  become  Professor of  Horticulture 
in  that  institution:  but  says,  "My Michigan  has  too  many attrac· 
tion s."  He rejoices  in  the fact  of  the  extension  of  the  D.  L.  &  N. 
R .  R.  from  Lansing to  Grand  Rapids  but does not rejoice at  its cut· 
ting diagonally across his farm. 

N.  P.  Graham, with  '79,  so  familiarly  known  among  former  stu 
dents,  is  now  at  Lyons,  Col.,  in  poor  health.  Hi s  friends  will  be 
sorry to hear that  his  condition  is  considered  hopeless. 

CLASS  180. 

vValter W.  Remington , who  has  been  for  some  time  principal of 

the  High  School  at  Ft.  Collins,  Col .,  leaves there this summer. 

Prof.  F.  A.  Gulley, of Mississippi Agricultural College, has written 
an  introductory  work  on  agriculture,  intended  as  a  preparatory 
work for  classes  in  agriculture  at  that  rnllege.  Prof.  Beal  speaks 
of it very highly. 

CLASS  'S r. 

CLASS  '71. 

C.  W.  l\lcCurdy  is  instructor in  a  Huron  county  Normal  School 

Frank A.  Sessions is  cashier of the  First National  Bank of  Ion ia. 

this summer. 

Prof.  E.  M.  Shelton of the  Kansas  Agricultural  College  has  been 
made excellent offers  to  take the  professorship of Agriculture  at the 
Iowa Agricultural  College.  He visited his  Alma  Mater July 28 . 

Byron  D.  Halsted,  D.  S ..  Professor of Botany  in  Iowa Agricultural 
College,  is spending part of his vacation with  his sister, wife of Pres 
ident  Fairchild of the Kansas  Agricultural  College. 

CLASS  '73 . 

F.  L.  Carpenter recently spent a  day at his  Alma  Mater. 

W. A.  Rowe is  farming  near Mason.  He rejoices  in  a  young son. 

CLASS  '74. 
J.  K.  Gailey is  recommended  by  the  Faculty to the  Board  for  an 

M.  S. 

C.  L.  Bemis, principal  of the  Portland schools,  visited the College 

recently . 

H.P.  Jenney  is  practicing  law at  Jedds.  He  is  also  county sur 

veyor of  St.  Clair County. 

CLASS  '75. 
Charl es  Goodwin  is  spending  his  summer  in  Kansas on  account 

of  ill  health. 

Few men who had  anything  to do with the Legislature last winter 

made  more friends  than  G.  A.  Royce. 

F.] .  Annis, of  Fort Collins,  Colorado,  is· president of the board  of 

trustees of Colorado Agricultural  College. 

L.  D.  Niles  made the College a  visit  for  a  few  days recently.  He 
has graduated  from  the  medical  department  of  the  University and 
thinks of locating at  Grand  Ledge.  He thinks the profession  pretty 
well  supplied  and that  the  success  of a  physician depends about as 
much on  the  ability to  show one's self  np  well  before the  public as 
on the skill  as a  practitioner. 

Alva  Sherwood  is  foreman  of the  large  farm  of vVarren  &  Co., 

near  Dowagiac. 

Will  Prudden, with'  1 1  is  a  speculator in  Lansing.  He is blessed 

with  a  second  child. 

Wm.  Northrop,  with  181,  is  on  his  father's  farm  near  Lawrence, 

Van  Buren  cou nty,  but is  in  very  poor health. 

Jason  \,Yoodman  is  running  a  fine  farm  near  Paw  Paw, and  is 

lecturer for  the State ·Grange. 

C.  A.  Dockstader  was  married  last  winter.  He  is  a· partner in 

one of  th e  leading drug stores sf Three  Rivers. 

Chas.  l\lcKinney , principal of  the  Vermontville  High  School and 
secretary-of the board  of examiners  for  Eaton  county,  was  on  the 
grounds  recently. 

vV.  H.  Burgess  was.nominated  for  the legislature and  would  prob 
ably  hav e  been  elected  had  he  not  withdrawn  on  account of an 
attack of  typhoid  fever.  He  is  now  surveyor  at  Croswell,  and is 
having grand success. 

A.  H.  Voight is in  the employ  of  the  Los Angeles  Furniture C0., 
Los Angeles,  Cal. 
It  is  with  pleasure  we  are  enabled to introduce 
to  his friends through the SPECULUM  Miss Voight. born June 29,  1887. 
CLASS  182 . 

Prof.  L.  H.  Bailey-a daughter. 

Lincoln  Avery  is  practicing law at Port  Huron. 
J.  vV .  Beaumont  is  practicing  law  in Detroit,  Mich. 
Edwin A.  Murphy will  teach  in  Pewamo schools  next  year. 

John Shelton  is  a  furniture  dealer in  Minneapolis,  Kansas. 

j. H.  Irish  is a  member of  the law  firm  of  Brown  &  Irish,  Detroit, 

Minn. 

C.  \V .  Crossman  is a  solicitor for  a  Chicago commission house at 

CLASS  176. 

Benton  H a rbor. 

\Vallace  Bemis  is  a  market gardener and  maste~ of the  grange at 

Ionia. 

E.  H.  Hunt  is still  farming at Saranac. 

CLASS  '77. 

M.  W.  Grey  is  a  flourishing  physician  at  Pontiac  and  has  been 

mayor of the  city. 

vV.  0.  Fritz,  accompanied  by a  bright  Indiana  lady ,  stopped  at 
his  Alma  Mater while on  his  way hom e  from  commencement at  Pur 
due  University.  He reports hard times a t  that coll ege from  a  failure 
to secure necessary  appropriations. 

CLASS  '78. 

Barney  Dickman, with  '78,  is  in  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Ralph  D.  sessions is still  clerk in the  Ionia  House of  Correction. 

W.  S.  H oldsworth  is  at present  sketching  in  the vicinity of  Hyde 

Park,  Mass. 

Byron  Robertson,  with  182,  is  doing  a  good  business  as druggist 

at Breedsville, VanBuren  county. 

Warren  H.  Goss  is  one  of  the  leading  farmers  of  VanBuren 

county,  and  is an. energetic Granger. 

Eugene  D. Mill's  has  engaged  to  teach  in  Webberville  next year, 

He expects to  be at the  college commencem~nt week. 

vV.  T.  Langley  has  bee}l  t eac hing  in  Iowa.  Prof.  Johnson  met 
him  and  his  wife  in  Chicago  recently.  They  were  on  their way  to 
visit  his  hom e  near Centreville,  St.  Jo.  county. 

CLASS  '83. 

Archie  Emery  rejoices over.,_  daughter. 

H. A.  Danville,  Jr .,  is  at Grand  Ledge. 

Clark .H.  Eldridge is teaching at  Milford. 

Wm. A.  l:lahlke  is practicing law at Alma. 

John T.  Mathews is  attorney  at  law  in  Ithaca. 

H.  W.  Nixon,  with  178,  is  in  the  mercantile  business at Croswell, 

Oran  Harris, with  183,  is  farming  near  Pontiac. 

Sanilac county. 

R.  H.  Gulley  is  very  popular  as  a  teacher at South  Haven ,  and 

has been  engaged  for  another year. 

Horace  Blodgett,  with  183,  is  now a  druggist in  Mason. 

L.  A.  Buell  is  at present a  real estate  agent in  Minneapolis,  Kan. 

H.  M.  vVeed  is  engaged  in  the  mercantile business in  Missaukee 

CLASS  179. 

county,  Mich. 

C.  B.  Charles is  farming o n  a  large  farm  near  Bangor. 

H.  A.  Danville  was  married  recently  to  a  lady  whose  home is 

Harry  Wilcox is  a  flourishing  physician in  Chicago. 

nea r  Grand Ledge. 

George  Hannahs,  once  with  '79,  is  one  of  the  leading lumber 

W.  D.  Teller,  for  a  time  with  183 1  is  now  farming near Colon.  He 

merchants of South  Chicago. 

is  marri ed and  has one son. 

I 

TIIE  COLLEGE 

PE CU LUM. 

E.  P  Clark  is  in  Coloma,  Mich.  He  is  staying  with  his  sister, 

Mrs.  Baker,  and  will  probably  teach the  village school  next year. 

C.  M.  Weed is to deliver  a  paper  before  the  Association  for  the 

Advancement of  Science in  New  York about the first of  August. 

Prof.  A.  C.  Redding is studying here with  Dr.  Kedzie.  His work 
at  present  is  analyzing  waters.  The  subject  of  his  thesis  for  an 
l\;l.S.  is  the" Origin  aud  Geology of  Natural  Gas."  He  will  return 
to  Findley this fall  with an  increased  salary .

. 

E.  F.  Law  has  closed  his  year's  school  at  Brockway  Centre,  and 
is surveying in  that vicinity during  the  summer.  He  is  a  member 
of the board of examiners of St.  Ciair county. 

H.  \V.  Collingwood  has  char.l{e  not  only  of "Uncle  Mark's" 
<lepartment of  the  Rural New  Yorker,  as stated  in  the last  i~sue of 
the SPECULU)I,  but assists  in  the  editorial  and  publishing depart 
ments,  and  is  very highly spokPn of  by  his  employer. 

CLASS  '84. 

Fred  Herrington  is studying law at  Pontiac. 

Homer Luce recently  joined  fortunes  with a  young  lady. 

Charles  Collingwood  was  at  the  college  recently.  He  is  now 
inspector of pile -driving on  thP.  Grand  Rapids extension of the D., 
L.  &  N.  R.  R.,  but has engaged to  teach in the Howard City schools 
next year as  principai. 

Carl  S.  English,  with  '85,  is  at  present  at  Lowell,  Kent  county. 
The  following  is  a  clipping  from  the  report  of  the  public  sheep 
shearing  of the  Boston,  Ionia  county,  wool  growers:  •·Mr.  Carl 
English,  a  graduate of the  Agricultural  College,  a  chemist  and an 
expert with  the  microscope,  determined  the  fineness  of the  fiber of 
the fleeces shorn. "  He  regrets  that  there  is  not more truth  in  the 
statement that he is a  graduate. 

C.  H.  Judson  is surveying in  Toledo,  0. 

CLASS  '86. 

Geo.  E.  Hancorne  graduated  from  the science department of the 
ormal School  this year. 

\V.  R.  Rummler  is  at  present  in  Detroit,  but  expects  to  go to 

Oregon  in  September with  R.  W.  McCulloch,  of  '87. 

A.  E.  Brown  has  been  having  good  success  as  a  teacher  at 

It is  said that Michitara  Tsuda  is  private  secretary of the prime 

Andover,  Dak.,  but is  now studying medicine  at Webster,  Dak, 

minister of Japan. 

\\'ill  Kirby ,  with  '  4,  is  in  a  bank at Schoolcraft.  when at home, 

but is  frequently  seen  around  Lansing. 

J.  I.  Breck  is  circuit  court  commissioner  of  VanBuren  county. 

He was in  Europe  for  a  short time this spring. 

C.  E.  Smith,  who  has  been  teaching  in  the  Normal  School,  has 
been  engaged tr.  teach  a summer school  for  teachers,  in the eastern 
part of  the State. 

M.  A.  Jones,  with  '84,  graduated  from  the  Department  of  Phar 
macy  at  the  University  this  summer.  He  was  on  the  grounds 
recently, and expeCls to go into the drug business at Mancelona. 

Chas.  McDiarmid  is still  farming  at  BP.ar  Lake,  Manistee  county. 
He does  not forget  his  Alma  Mater,  and  takes  a  lively  interest in 
her athletic sports. 
fie  is a  member of  the county  board  of school 
examiners. 

Chas.  Baker,  Wm.  Dothany and Willis  Leisenring also graduated 
from  the  Pharmacy  Department with  the  last  class.  Thus we see 
that this limited field  of labor  is  receiving  considerable  attention 
and likely to  be soon filled. 

CLASS  '85. 

0. 0.  Dunham has been  teaching  near  Elsie. 

L.  M.  \Voodin,  with  '85,  is  running a  store  in  Howell. 

H.  L.  Harrison, with  '85,  is  at PawPaw  in  his  father's  store. 

\\'. S.  Baird is shipping clerk  for  the  Bement  Iron works in  Lan 

sing. 

E.  G.  Eldridge will  teach  another year on  Mackinaw  Island.  He 
is at present clerking in  the  John  Jacob  Astor  House of  that place. 

H.  N.  Jenner  is  catalogued  in  the  medical  department  of  the 
University.  Ella  says  Henry  has  sore  eyes  and  cannot study at 
present. 

W.  T.  Welch  pitched  for  the  Mackinaw  Fort  base  ball  nine  in  a 
recent game with the St.  Ignace nine.  He  is  now  in the life  insur 
ance business. 

Sherman T.  Waltou, with  '86,  is  married and keeping house.  He 
is  doing a  flourishing  dry  goods  business  in  Three  Rivers,  but  is 
still  the same old "kid." 

J.  J.  J akway  is working  his  father's  farm  at Benton  Harbor.  He 
is an active  worker in the grange,  and  is  the same good  fellow  that 
he  was during his college days. 

W.  S.  Launstein  is  shipping  clerk for  Filer, Stowell  &  Co.,  Mil 
waukee,  manufaClurers of saw -mill  machinery.  He  has  been  with 
them ever since he  left college. 

Harry  B.  Howe  is  farming  near  Buchanan,  Berrien county, but 
has not forgotten  how  to  play  ball,  and  gave  the  M.  A.  C.  nine val 
uable aid  in  their games at Ann  Arbor and  Detroit. 

C.  F.  Lawson  is spending his  vacation  in  the employ of a  whole 
sale drug store in  Detroit.  He  expects  to  take  the  junior  literary 
studies  in  connection  with  his  pharmacy  during  the  next  year  at 
the  University. 

F.  R.  Osbone,  with  '85,  is  having  a  pleasant  visit  in  Honolulu, 

CLASS  '87. 

Sandwich  Islands. 

E.  P.  Antisdale is  keeping  "bach."  on  his  farm  near  Nottawa, 

and  is said to be a  model  farmer. 

J.  Y.  Clark  has  returned  from  his  western journey.  His  present 

address  is  Orion,  where he is  farming. 

L.  G.  Palmer  was  married  last  winter.  He  is  working  on  his 

father's  farm  near  Napoleon,  Jackson county. 

enter the  medical department of the University  this fall. 

\V.  I.  Power  has  been  teaching  during  the  last  year,  but  will 
• 
Henry  Brown, with  '85,  was  recently  married to  Miss  Jackson,  of 

Fred  \Vilkinson,  of Marine City  was recently  married. 

Miss  Louise Truman is  now  at  Pasadena,  Los  Angeles  Co.  Cali 

fonlia. 

John  L.  Dawson was  here  recently.  He  is  in  the  employment of 

Crocker &  Hudnot, architects,  Big  Rapids. 

CLASS  '88. 

H.  W.  Carr is  farming  at l<is  old  home near  Mosiertown,  Penn. 

Frank Charles  is  brakeman  on  a  passenger  train  on  the  C.  W . 

M.  R.R. 

Allegan,  in  which  city  he owns a  large flouring  mill. 

Bert Travis is  still  in  poor  health  at  his  home  near  Elm  Hall, 

H.  K.  Lum,  with  '85,  assistant  professor  in  the  University,  is 

Gratiot county. 

prospering.  He has a  wife  and  a  recent raise in his salary. 

W.  L.  Roberts  has bought the old homestead  near  Grand  Rapids, 

P.  G.  Towar and J.  E.  Hammond,  of '86, who have beP.n traveling 

in Wisconsin  for  a  Chicago firm,  returned to these parts  recently. 

W.  F.  Landreth,  with  '85,  has a  responsible  position  as assistant 
of  Dr.  Law,  who  has  charge  of the  pleuro  pneumonia  bureau at 
Washington,  D.  C. 

H.  P.  Gladden,  who  has  been  teaching at St.  Ignace during  the 
past year,  is  now  working  on  his  father's  fruit  farm  near here, and 
visits  the college frequently. 

T.  L.  Parker  has  finished  a  successful  term  as principal of the 
Elsie school, and is engaged  to  teach there  another  year.  Rumor 
says he  is about to change his state. 

and  will  farm  it. 

B.  B.  Smith  has  been working  on  his  fathers  home  near  Howell 

but has now gone to  Dakota. 

H.  W.  B.  Taylor now  belongs to  "Troop E" of the U.  S.  Cavalry 

and is stationed at Tucson,  Arizona. 

H.  R.  Case  is  assistant  transit-man  of a  Sioux  City  Surveying 

Company.  We are glad  to  learn that he has improved  in  health. 

Herbert Thurtell graduated from  the  Traverse City  High  School 
this summer  and  is  now  canvassing  for  silver  ware  in  the  Upper 
Peninsula.  He  expects  to  enter  the  Medical  Department  of  the 
University this fall. 

~  I 
' 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

A.  L.  Free is  in  Chicago studying elocution. 

now  engaged  in journalism. 

CLASS  '89. 

Fifty  per cent  of the  past  editors  of the  Harvard  O"imson  are 

Frank Bullen  is  working in a  drug store  at Appleton,  Kansas. 

0. B.  Knapp is working  in the Sanitarium at  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

].  M.  Fairfield is attending  the summer  school  at Hillsdale  Col-

lege. 

L.  C.  Bartmess  is  superintendent  of  the  motor  power  of  the 

-Oscoda  Salt and  Lumber Co.  near Oscoda,  Mich. 

E.  A.  Wilhelm  has been  teaching in Toledo.  He  will  enter  the 
electrical  engineering  department  of  the  Cornell  University  with 
class of '90,  in September. 

'vV.  D.  Groesbeck and John  Leonard,  with  class  of  '85,  are  in a 
surveying party at  Los Angeles,  California.  Groesbeck  will  return 
to the M.  A.  C.  next February. 

WHAT  THE  GRADUATES  OF  '87  WILL  DO. 

W.  C.  Hall  will  teach  for  a  time. 

C.  S.  Whitmore expects to  farm. 
0.  C.  'vVheeler  will  farm  at  home. 

W.W.  Diehl  will  teach this  winter. 

J. J.  Benjamin  will teach  for  a  time. 
H.  W.  McArdle will  teach this  winter. 

Wm.  Sanson  will  study medicine in  Chicago. 

F.  R.  Smith  will  work on  a  farm  at Somerset. 

I. B.  Bates thinks he  will,  possibly, study  law. 

H.  L.  Chapin  will  follow  civil  engineering in  the west. 

J.C.  Duffey  has not definitely decided on an occupation. 

G. J.  Hume expects to practice civil engineering in  the  west. 

C.  L.  Himebaugh expects to teach school  and farm for the present. 

A.  A.  Abbott expects to  work  on  a  farm  this  fall  and  teach  this 

winter. 

E.  A.  Bnrnett expects to  farm  in Shiwasseee county. 

\>Viii  teach 

this  winter. 

Guy  Arnold thinks  he  may go  into  the redwood  lumber  business 

in  California. 

C.  B.  \>Valdron  will  engage  in surveying  in  the  west and  in time 

edit a  newspaper. 

Mrs.  Carrie  M.  French is  wife of H.  T.  French, of '85,  foreman  of 

farm  at this college. 

G.  C.  Crandall  will  take  a  course  in  medicine  at Ann  Arbor, 

beginning in  October. 

E.  W.  Redman expects to engage,  permanently,  in  bee  keeping 

and stock  raising at St.  Louis,  Gratiot county. 

H.  H.  'vVinde  expects to spend  a  year on  the  farm  at  home  and 

then  to enter the pharmacy department at Ann Arbor. 

R.  'vV.  McCulloch  and  W.R.  Rummler.  of'86,  will  start  for  Ore 
gon about Sept.  1st,  where they  will  locate an apiary  and study  law. 

COLLEGES. 

A college  for  women  is  to  be established  at  Princeton  next  year . 

Illinois stands second in the  Union  in  the number of her  colleges. 

Yale  was  pulled  over  two  feet  in  the  tug  of  war  contest  with 

Columbia. 

Georgia chartered,  built and  conducted  the  first  female  college 

in  the world. 

The number of colleges  in  the  United  States increases at the rate 

of fifteen each  year. 

Ex-President  Hayes  has  been  invited  to  the  presidency  of  the 

Ohio State University. 

The average age of those  who enter  college is  seventeen:  a  cen 

tury ago  it was fourteen. 

At  Harvard,  work on college papers  is allowed as substitution for 

regular literary exercises. 

A student may easily pass  through  the  German  Universities, at 

an  annual  expense of $500. 

The  Kent  Laboratory at Yale will  cost  $80,000  and  be  the  finest 

building of the  kind  in  the country. 

There are as many as sixteen  colleges  in  the United States  look 

ing for  qualified  men  for  presidents. 

The four  daily  college papers  in  the  United States  are  published 

at  Harvard,  Cornell,  Princeton and  Yale. 

Thirty-eight students of the  Annapolis  Naval  Academy have  been 

expelled,  being unable to  master their courses. 

Students at Harvard have the choice of 189 courses of  study, stu· 

dents at the University of Michigan,  choice of 242. 

The Glee clubs of  Yale,  Harvard,  Princeton  and  other  colleges 

will  hold  a  competition  at  Boston  in  the near future. 

The University  of  Paris, the oldest  university in  the  world,  was 

founded  in  1200,  six years before the founding of  Oxford. 

The Harvard  faculty  will  not  permit  Harvard  to  remain  in  the 

foot  ball association  if the  roughness  of the game  is  not stopped. 

Columbia possesses one of the two extant copies of  the  first  folio 

edition of Shakespeare's work.  The volume is  valued  at $3,000. 

The four  mile  race  between  the  Yale  and  Harvard  eights,  July 
rst,  at New  London  Ct.,  resulted  in  Yale's  winning  the  race  22: 36 
to 23  : ro)-6 . 

The student 's  board of  Amherst  has  for  the  first  time  exercised 
its authority  by  expelling a  man,  who,  contrary to promise,  used a 
"pony,, in  class. 

The  17  Japanese  students in  the  University and  High  School at 
Ann  Arbor  have a  society, all  their own.  They  call  it Bungakukai. 
One  has  been  ejected  on  account  of  dissipation  and  gone  to 
Columbia. 

Chicago  has  raised  $300,000  for  a  Technological  school.  The 
State of Georgia has also decided to establish one  at  Atlanta  at  an 
expense of $100,000. 

Lee, of Yale,  recently in  practice,  is said  to  have  kicked  nine  feet 
five  and  one-half  inches,  thus  beating  the  world's  record  by  two 
and three-quarters  inches. 

The University of Michigan, this  year, graduated 105" Lits.;" r53 
"Laws.; " Sr "I\1edics.; ''  27  ''  Dents . ; "  and  13  "Ho111eops.; "mak 
ing a  total of 409  students. 

The Greek  government  has  presented  the  American  School  of 
Classical  Studies  with  a  beautiful  site  for  a  building at Athens, and 
a  $20,000  edifice  will  now  be erected. 

The  New  York  State  inter-collegiate  base  ball 

league  have 
recently  requested the Cornell  nine to  withdraw  from the league, as 
their nine is too strong for  the other colleges. 

The  entire  class  of  Madison  University,  New  York,  has  been 
indefinitely suspended.  The trouble arose  from  the  fact  that  the 
faculty  tried to prevent the  Freshman and Sophomore  rush. 

The four  mile  race  between  the  Harvard  and  Columbia  eights, 
June 27th,  resulted  in  Harvard's  winning the  race  by three lengths, 
in 20: 20,  the fastest  time on record,  Columbia crossed in  20 : 29. 

It  is  rumored  that  the  Cambridge,  England,  crew  which  was 
recently victorious  over  Oxford,  has sent a  challenge to  Harvard, 
the race to  be  rowed  in  America,  at some place  to  be  agreed  upon 
hereafter. 

The spring  field  sports  of  Cornell  University  were  held  a  short 
time ago,  in  the presence of a  large number of spectators.  A  num 
ber of the records  were  broken  and  the  gate  receipts  gave a  hand 
some sum to the  athletic  association  with  which  to  send  away  the 
Cornell boating crew. 

The  following  list  of the  leading  colleges  of  the  United  States 
gives an  idea  of the importance attatched  to  gymna>ia  in  the  esti  
mation of the hest educational institutions of the country:  Harvard, 
cost  of  gymnasium,  $110,000;  Yale,  $125,000;  Princeton,  $J8,ooo; 
Amherst,  $65,000;  Columbia, $156,000;  Williams,  $50,000;  Cornell, 
$40,000;  Lehigh, $40,000;  Uuniversity  of  Minnesota,  $J4,000;  Dart 
mouth, $25,000. 

T 

I 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM . 

ATHLETICS. 

Base  ball and  lawn tennis are  the  leading  sp mts  here at the  col 
Jege  at present.  There  being  four  organized  base  b:ill  teams and 
four  tennis clubs. 

On  the  Fourth  of July  th e  second  ball  team  from  here  met the 
Lansing  nine  at  Webberville,  and  in  a  game of seven innings did 
them up to th e  tune of  16  to 5. 

D.  P.  Yerkes,  B.  K. Canfield, and vVm.  Needham  helped  represent 
the  Grand  River  Boat  Club at  the  ninetee nth  annual regatta of  the 
N.  W .  A.  R.  A.  held at  Grand  Rapids  on  fuly  19 · 20,  and  although 
heat and change of  water  placed  them  on  the  sick  list  for  a  time, 
their  excellent  rowing  showed  that  th e re  is  good  metal  in  th em, 
and but for sickness  they  would  have  won  in  the  Junior four,  and 
but  for  the  same.reason  Yerkes and  Canfield  would  have won  the 
prize in  the  Junior pair. 

College  athletics  must  have  a  boom!  How  this  boom  is  to  be 
brought  about  is  a  subject  that  is  at  present agitating the  minds, 
thoughts and pens of  nearly a ll  th e  colleges in  our  State. 

That  athletics  are  beneficial  in  colleges  is  an  established  fact, 
because  all  of our  principal  colleges  recog nize  athletic  sports  in 
their institutions,  and  you  have  but  to  loo k  at the  records of  field 
days held during the past year to  be convinced. 

Colleges encourage athletics  for  the  physical, m ental , and we may 

say  financial  benefits  d e rived  from  them. 

Athletics are of physical  benefit  in  filling  out and  developing the 
muscular  growth  of the  student.  Look  for  instance  at  the  thin, 
shadowy being with  "b utte rmilk complexion"  who wanders ai111s 
lessly  about  our  camp us  o r  sits  in  his  room  trying to study,  and 
compare  him  with  the  hearty,  robust,  good  natured  fellow  who 
takes  lots  of exe rcise,  eats  his  allowance,  gets  his  lessons,  and 
sleeps soundly,  while  his  constitutionally  tired  companion  who has 
taken no exercise, spends a  sleepless  night .  The  one arises in  the 
morning with  renewed vigor to  pursue  his  occupation, the othe r  to 
simply exist for  another day . 

The  student who  tak es  plenty  of  exercise,  in  sports  and  other 
wise,  can  do more  and  better mental  work  than  he  otherwise could 
do  without such  exercise.  A  strong  mind  cannot  exist  long  in  a 
weak body,  th erefore it  is th e  duty  of  every  student to spend some 
time  each  day  in  developing  the  body,  that  dwelling  place of  all 
ability.  H ow shall  we  devise some s.rstematic method  of  pursuing 
athletic sports so that they will become more  beneficial, and awaken 
more en thusiasm and  attention  in our  colleges? 

One  of our sister  colleges,  Hillsdale,  has  proposed  that,  for  this 
purpose,  we  hold  an  annual  inter-collegiate  field  day, and we are 
glad  to  learn  that  th e  sche me  is  rece iving attention  in  other insti 
tuti ons.  The advantages of an  inter-collegiate  field day  are many , 
and  e mbrace  all  the  advantages  of the  old  method,  i .  e.,  one at 
each  college,  with  many others added. 

This scheme would decrease  the  number  of  field  days,  and  thus 
also the  expense.  We  would  have but one field d ay eac h  year, and 
but  one  contestant  in  each  of  the  sports  from  each  college  repre 
sented, said  contestant to be determined on by a  previous contest in 
each  college. 
In  this  way,  for  example,  th e  contestants  for  th e 
standing  broad  jump  would  be  represented  by  the  best  jumpers 
from  each  coll ege, and so in  all  the  sports  each co ll ege would  have 
a  ma_n  with  best  record  in  said  college  to  represent  them  in  the 
general field  day. 

The  expense  that  goes  with  our  field  days,  und er  the  present 
system,  would  be redu ced.  This year the expenses of  each  college 
holding field  days has been from  $ 100  to  300, an amon nt that seems 
large  for  on e  college to  raise.  Now  if each collPge would subscribe, 
say  75,  towards  a  general  field  day,  th e  expense in  eac h  college 
would  n ot be felt,  and  we  would  have  a  field  day  that could  not  be 
excelled. 

It  would  also  determine  what  coll ege  was  victor 

the 
different  sports,  and  the  person  who  won  th e  prize  for  any  spo rt , 
would  be cons id ered  the  champion  in  that  particular sport  for  one 
vear in  a ll  the coll eg<'s  e nteri ng  the  scheme.  Th e  interest  in  field 
sports would  be increased, as each college would strive to  be cham 
pion in  the contests. 

in 

The  place for  holding th e  first  field  day  cott ld  be determined  by 
a  committee from  each  of the  several  coll eges.  a nd  afterwards  be 
held  in succession at th e  different institutions. 

The scheme will  be received well  here, and we think  M.  A.  C.  will 
appoint  a  committee,  as  suggesteJ  by  Hill sda le,  to  confer  with 
other colleges on the subjec1.  Then  let  all  ou r  sister  colleges take 
the  matter  in  ha nd ,  work  up  an  interest,  appoint  co mmittees 
this  fall,  remember  that  " In  union  there  is  strength,"  and  next 

spring  we  will  come  to  tile  front  with  the grandest field  day that 
ever was  witnessed  in  Michigan.  This,  with  the oratorical  contest 
spoken of  in  another place,  to  be  held  in  conneClion,  will  arouse a 
general  interest,  and  prove  a  bond  of  union  between  Michigan 
institutions. 

E X CHANGES. 

The  College  Student  of  Franklin  and  Marshall  College, gives a 
very interesting account of the centennial  celebration  of  that insti  
tution , one portion of  which  the great  Benjamin  Franklin helped  to 
found. 

The  College  Rambler, of  Illinois College,  is  highly commendable 
as  a  neat,  well  filled  volume,  and  shows  the  result  of  much care 
and  precision  in  th e  preparation of  its articles and choice of topics. 
The  only  criticism,  and  that  in  the  kindliest  mood,  is  that  the 
exchange d epartment should  make  its  criticisms  in  a  manner less 
calculated  to arouse unkind  fee llngs and  hence  unkind  replies. 

The  Colby  Echo  contains  an  article  on  " Dean  Swift. " 

It gives 
interestinginfonnation concerning his nativity, desce nt,  college  life, 
nature,  peculiarities.  manner ,  desire  for  wealth ,  re ligion,  disposi 
tion,  first  produClions,  and  a  short  comment  on  "Gulliver's 
Travels." 

It is a  clear , concise and  very  interesting produClion. 

Th e  A."avier,  from 

ew  York  City,  is one of  our  most attraClive 
looking exchangj'!s,  and  has  been  m e ntioned  by numerous college 
journals as a  mode l  in  its  line. 
It contains some very good articles, 
but  such  subjeCls  as  "Can  the  finite  grasp  the  infinite,"  by  the 
majority of college s tudents are rather too deep to handle.  Another 
article in  the same issue, "Pe rsian  Literature," is  well written, and 
imparts much  instruction. 

The  commencement  number  of the  Southern  Collegian,  from 
111versity , has  just  arrived.  An  address by 
\Vashington  and  Lee 
Thomas Nelson  Page.  D. L. ,  delivered  before  the  Alumni  Associa 
tion on  "The Old South," occupies the first  pages. 

It  is  as  fine  a  condensed  history  of the  south  as  may  be found 
J\Ir.  Page 's  views  concerning  the  war  are  not popular 

anywhere. 
ones but the artic le  is  well  worth  the  careful  reading of every stu 
dent  interested  in  our  government.  He  says:  " Two  and  twenty 
years ago  the re  fell  a  blow  upon  the south  which was death. 
It was 
annihilation,  under the pretty euphemism  of  reconstruClion.  "  He 
then  describes  her  phenominal  rise,  and  how  the  world,  through 
ignorance, said  this  is  not the old south but a  new civilization,  "and 
n\arvel ous  to  relate,  the  men  of  the  south  accepted  this  as  an 
honor."  Speaking  of  "The  New  South,"  which  we  see  so  often 
commented on,  he says, "by imperative inference it institutes invid 
ious  comparison  with  and  implies  censure  of something  else-of 
some other order-of a  different civilization.  That order, that civili  
zation, I  propose to  discuss briefly and  repel this censure; show that 
co mparison  is  absurd,  and  that the  new  south  is  really  simply the 
old  with  its energies direCled  in  n e w  lines. " 

He  then ,  iu  a  very  concise  manner,  gives  a  history  of the  old 
south, the  influences which  made  her  different  from  the  north  and 
wherei n  the  south  has  beeen  misrepresented.  "Everything  was 
looking towards the gradual  but final  extinction of  African slavery. 
It was prevented by the attitude of the northern abolitionists . "  "I 
am  not the defender of slavery;  God  forbid! 
I  thank  God  that  it 
has gone from  the  south. "  He claims that  the  south  was outraged 
by violations of th e  constitution  and  dissolved  its  connection  with 
the  Union  according to  its  sovereign  right.  He  shows  what  part 
the south  had  in  forming  the character of th e  American  people.  " I 
assert  it  as  history,  that  whenever liberty has  in  the last two  hun 
dred  years taken  a  step she has  moved on southern soil."  He the n 
gives -his  yiews  regarding  the  violation  of  the  constitution  by  the 
north. 
"  Do not misunderstand  me;  no  man  rejoices  more than  I 
that slavery  and secession  never  can  again  beco me  praClical  ques 
tions in  this land.  No seCl ion  of this country accepts this faCl  more 
absolutelv,  more  loyally,  more  heartily  than  that,  which a  genera 
ti on  ago flung  all  its  weight on  the  opposite  scale.  Had  I  and you 
been  northerners  and  of proper age,  we  should  undoubtedly have 
fought  for  th e  destruClion  of slavery  and  the  lH"servation  of  the 
Union.  But  to  pretenc!  that  we  did  not  have  the legal , constitu 
tional  right to perpetuate slavery and to secede from the  Union,  is to 
stultify ourselves in  falsificat ion  of history.  lf any  portion  of this 
nation  doubt  this  latter  proposition  let  the m  lea rn  the truth  from 
the  original  records of  th e  country,  if th ey  question  the  former,  let 
th e m  attempt to  impair the  Uni on  and  see  how  loya lly  th e  armies 
of the  south  will  spring  to  its  defense.  But  I  assert  that  if  the 
south  is  eve r  to  be  once  more  the  lead e r  of this  nation ,  she  must 
cherish the traditional glory of  her  former station  and prove  to  the 
world  that her revolution  was  n ot  a  rebellion  but  was  fought  for  a 
principle,  upon  which she was  established  as her foundation  stone, 
the sacred  right of  self gove rnment." 

peaking of the ability of th e  southerner,  he  says  that it was the 
la ck  of southern  literature that  determined  he r  defeat.  He  dwells 
long on  the faCl  that  the  history  of  the  south  is  yet  t0  be written, 
and  believes  in  the  si ncer ity  of  his  ancestors.  "Can  any  good 
come  forth  of a  ge n eration  that  believe  that  their  fathers  were 
traitors?  Can  historian  find  better  material ,  or  poet  deeper inspi  
ration, "  Speaking  of  Lee  he  closes  with,  "S tanding  here beside 
the sacred  ashes of  th e  nob lest  exponent of that civilization,  deliv 
ering my  message from  this  University,  his  grandest  mo11ument ,  I 
hail the future  historian of the  old south." 

/ 

) 

( 

I 

The  ~- C.  Lilley  &  Co., 

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UNIFORMS  OF  ALL  DESCRIPTIONS. 

Special  Inducements to  ~tudents and  thGse  getting up  Clubs or Companies. 

CO LUMBUS,  OHIO. 

G-EO.  H .  COLE, 

VOISEL L E  &  L AROSE, 

DENTIST, 

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CAKES  AND  CANDIES . 

300  MICllIGAN  AVE.,  EAST  OF  BRIDGE. 

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SPECIAL  RATES  TO  STUDENTS . 

FURN " " ITURE !  

A  LAR GE  ASS ORTMEN T  OF 

ALWAYS  O~ HAND. 

SPECIAL  FIGU R ES  TO  STUDE~TS. 

Opposite  the  Opera  House. 

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CURTAIN  DRAPERY  AND  TRIJY.rJY.rINGS  A  SPECIALTY. 

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ROOM  46 ,  WILLIAMS '  HALL , 

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13,000 sold  s ince 1876.  4,000 sold s in ce  May , 1883.  Entirely  revise d . 
Fifty  p a ges  a n d  fifty  costl y  illustrati ons  a dded . 

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Fashi onab le  Cu stom-m ade 

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DRUGS,  PERFUMES, 

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SPECTACLES. 

REPAIRING  A  SPECIAL TY. 

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Of from  3  to  60  horse power. 

I  14  Washington  A ven ue. 

STUDENTS '  PATRONAGE  SOLICITED . 

Works  No,  221  River  Street.  OPEN  DAY  AND  NIGHT . 

L A:"i'SI NG,  l\'hc H . 

RALL  BROTHERS,  Proprietors, 

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G.  W.  FRARY'S  STORE, 

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REP.A.IRING  NE.A.TL'Y  DONE. 

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HEADQUARTERS  FOR 

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HATS  AND  CAPS. 

Suitings.for the  old  and  young-Men's,  Youth's,  Boy's  and  Children's-always in  stock,  and 

at  prices  that  defy  competition. 

THE  LARGEST,  BRIGHTEST  AND  LIGHTEST  STORE, 

And  the  best  stock  to  select  from 

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Specialties  in  Gent's  Fine  Furnishings.  Don't pass  us  by  when  in  want  of  anything  m  our 

line.  GOODS  SOLD  AT  ONE  PRICE.  Call  in. 

C.  H.  HUNTER, the Low Pri~e Clothier . 

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THAT  HAS  EVER  BEEN  OPENED  I~ THE  CITY . 

You  will  always  find  Goods  as  Represented,  and  ou r Prices  at  the  Bottom. 

CHICAGO  MEDICAL  COLLEGE, 

Corner  Prairie  Avenue and 26th  Street,  Chicago, Ill. 

Medical  Department  of  the  Northwestern  University.  Session  of  i887-88.  N.  S .  DA VIS,  M.  D., 

L.  L.  D.,  Dean. 
The  twenty-ninth  Annual  Course  of  Instruction  will  begin  Tuesday,  September  27,  1887,  and  close  Tue  -
<lay,  ~Jareb 27,  I888.  The  course  of  instruction  is  graded,  students  being  divided  into  first,  second,  and  third 
year classes.  Qualifications for  admission  are  either  a  degree  of  A .  B .,  a  certificate  of  a  reputable  academy,  a 
teachers'~ certificate,  or  a  preliminary  examination. 

The  method  of  instruction  is  con  piciously  practica l,  and  is  applied  in  the  wards  of the  Mercy, St.  Luke's, 
and  Micheal  Reese  Hospitals da ily  at  the  bedside  of  the sick,  and  in  the  South  Side  Dispensary  attached  to  the 
College, where  from  nine  to  ten  thousand  patients  are  treated  annually.  Fees :  Matriculation  $5,  payable  once 
only.  Lectures,  first  and  second  years,  each  $7 5,  third  year  free.  Demonstrator  $10,  including  material. 
L aboratory  $5.  Breakage  (returnable) $5·  Hospital  :  Mercy  $6, fo r  third  year students.  St.  Luke's $5, for 
second  year students.  Final examination  $30.  No extra fees  for  Private  Clase  or  Microscopical  Laboratory. 
For f urther information  or announcement address, 

FRANK  BILLINGS,  M.  D.,  Sec'y,  235  State-st,  Chicago,  Ill. 

WEBSTER'S UNABRIDGED 

"A LIBRARY  IN  ITSELF." 

Sells fir  t  quality  Boots  and  Shoes,  in 
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25  per cent  less than can  be  bought elsewhere. 

The latest issue of this work  comprises 
A  D5C"!l"DO NARY 
containing 118,000  Words, and 3000 Engravings, 
A  CAZETTEER  OF  THE  WORLD 
25,000  Titles, with pronunciation, &c., (recently added) and 
A  BIOCRAPHICAL  DICTIONARY 
nearly 10,000 Noted Pe rsons ;  also various  Tables, 
ALL  IN  ONE  BOOK. 
It has 3000 more  Words  in  its vocabulary than  are found 
in  any  other  American  Dict.ionary, nnd  n early  three times 
the number  of Engravings. 
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tant.-Quarterly  R eview,  London. 

Webster is Standard Authority in the Gov ' t Printing Office, 
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the State Sup' ts of Schools  in  36  States ,  and  by the  leading 
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Published by G.  &  C.  MERRIAM  &  CO.,  Springfield, l\iass. 

First Class  Livery. 

Al so,  in  adj o ining  s tore, 
LIME,  CEl\IE  T,  PLASTER,  SALT, 

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~ l\Ii chigan A ven ue,  o ppos ite  the  Cha pman  1-Iouse. 

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Repairing Neatlv ana Promptly Attended to. 

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Send soiled  linen  to  the Ionia City  Laundry, 
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Headquarters  for  Fine  Clothing, 

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Saddlery  Hardware, 

HARNESS  AND  TRUNKS, 

AND  EVERYTHING  IN  THEIR  L INE . 

Keep  a  Complete  Stock  of  Tnn-elers'  Goods  and 
Gent's  Driving  Gloves. 

107  w ASIIINGTON  A \ " ENUE,  SOUTH . 

Gentlemen,  yon  will find  the  Largest  Assortment  of 

Fine  Boots  and  Shoes, 

AT  H.  A.  WOODWORTH'S, 
115  N .  -v-iT .Ashington  Ave. 

WHERE  IS 

J. To Conn's Shoe Store 

He doBs  Work 

for  the  College  Boys. 

Ii  IS  iHRHH  DOORS  WHSi  Of  GBllPJiU\N  HOUSH. 

we  advi se  all  who  vvant  good  work  to  call  and 

see  him. 

YOU  ~ILL .FI~D US 

Directly  opposite  Lansing  House,  in  one  of  the Best 

In  the  State.  VVe  do  all  kinds  of  work  known  to  the  art,  and  always  try to  excel  all  com 

petition. 

"\Ve  shall  not  allow  any  photographe r  to  undersell us. 

TVe ~fler Sp 3rial Iwlttce .n ~ 1t!s to  a!l on1tec!ed witli t!ie  Slate  Agriwltural College. 

CH ENEY  &  CHR IST MAS. 

your  Ileadq16arters while  you "wait for the  wagon." 

COLLEGE  BOYS  I  Make  A.  M.  EME RY'S  Book Store 
·College  Text  Books  and  Stationery Constantly on  Hand. 
~large $toe~ of  Mi$cellaneou$ Boo~$, ~II1U!!J$, painting$, EngPa\Ting$, 
Gold  Pens, Wirt 1s Fountain Pens, P icture Frames, and 'lv all  Paper, 
At R educed  Rates  to  the  Students. 

PROF .  McEwAN 1

::;  $100  LrnRA~Y in  stock . 

.  A.  M.  EMERY,  113  Michigan  Avenue. 

©i@f.li~eil'l ~ ~teite:  €<  G~ri@blft~reiI @  @©If e:~e: 
P.  0. AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE, NEAR .LANSING, MICH. 

This  institution  is  thoroughly  equipped,  haYing  a  large  teaching  force;  also  ample  facilities  for  illustra 
tion  and  manipulation,  including 

Laboratories, Conservatories,  Library,  Museum,  Class-Room 
Apparatus,  also  a  large  and well stocked farm. 

FOUR  YEARS  ARE  REOUIRED  TO  CO~PLETE THE  COURSE, 

--EMBRACING--

Chemistry,  Mathematics,  Botany,  Zoology,  Veterinary,  English  Language  and  Literature,  Military  Tactics, 
and  all  other branches  of  a  college  course  except foreign  languages. 

Three  hours'  labor  on  each  working  day,  except  Saturdays.  Maximum  rate  paid  for  labor,  eight  cents 

an  hour. 

RATES.-Tuition free.  Club  boarding, from  $z.oo  to  $z .50  per  week. 

CALENDAR  FOR  THE  YEARS  1887-8. 

February  20th  Spring  T erm  begins.  May  11th  Spring  T erm  ends.  May  21st  S ummer Term  begins. 
August  10th  S ummer  Term ends ;  A ug ust  14th  Commencement.  A ugust  27th  College Year begins,  and  ends 
November  r 6th. 

For Catalogue  apply  to  E D W I N  WIL LITS,  PRESIDE:fT,  or  H ENRY G .  R EYN OLD S ,  SECRETA RY.