OCTOBER 1, 1887.

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THE COLL:

L*d

Vou. VII—No. 2.

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AGRICULTURAL COLL

-CULUM.

Wuote No. 26.

SP)

EGE, MICH., OCT. 1, 1887,

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The Command of Language.

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K. L. BUTTERFIELD, ECLECTIC SOCIETY.

Language is power. And first, because it is a neces-
sity to the human race. That physical endowment
which enables us to communicate with our fellows in a
‘yaried and articulate manner is a privilege of mankind,
and by exercise becomes a necessity. It is not only
necessary in order to keep man on the higher level to
which the faculty of speech has lifted him, but even
his very existence as a rational being depends upon it.
Yet the ability of mere communication, great as it may
be, is but the first element of the power of language,
Language is progressive. It is the expression of things
and ideas, and, therefore, as the latter increase so must
the speech be enlarged. As our age represents the
highest civilization and advancement, so our language
contains the choicest fragments of the languages of the
past. But language is a means as well as a manifesta-
tion of growth, and therefore a higher element of the
power of language is the opportunity it affords us for
infinite development and progression. It lays at our
feet all the treasures of the past. The experiences, the
‘labors, and the results of human endeavor of those
“misty ages are all ours if we but lay hold on them and
incorporate them in ourselves. We may be taught, or
encouraged and inspired by the facts language thus
brings to us, That is a grand thought which contem-
plates the accumulation of knowledge by reading and
study and research, for we shall rise accordingly and
teach a higher plane of living. Yet this is not all.
Society has claims upon us that we can not ignore, and
he who vindicates his right to the title of a useful
being in this great world must be a positive force, not
merely a passive treasure-house of knowledge. He
“must go farther than simply to accumulate; he must
instruct and assist in the world’s work. In other wortls,
he must do something. Now though the adage, “Deeds
are mightier than words,” still is true, words may be a
means of accomplishing a purpose and especially of
influencing others to the desired end. Language then,

May become an auxiliary of action, Amd as such |

Would we attempt to show the value of language.

Language manifests itself under the different condi-
tions of social converse, public speaking, and written
articles. We should belong to society and exchange
duties and benefits with it. Conversation is a link of
connection in society, ancl as such demands our attention
and study. It is an acquirement natural to some, but

*

capable of successful cultivation by all; an acquirement
whose possessor not only becomes a power in society
and a helper in doing good, but is himself elevated in
strength of mind and force of character. He who can
instruct by his intelligent conversation, amuse by his
humor, or cheer by his pleasant and kindly greetings,
is sure of sending an effective influence for good into
the hearts of his fellows, and of raising himself in

their estimation and respect. It has a value in itself
beyond the fact of its being a pleasant accomplishment.
It is a power. Speaking in public meetings, held for
the purpose of every-day work, is of much importance.

He who has a ready tongue to express the right thought

will be eagerly listened to, and oftentimes eventually

followed. In associations, in public meetings, in legis-

lative halls, the powers of speech are recognized. The

press is dimming the glory of the orator, but a short,

pithy speech at a crisis of affairs will ever carry force.
Writing holds a somewhat different position as the

world moves on. Men of mind of the present are

daily leaving legacies of written thought to future gen-

erations for their inspiration and instruction, Yet the

tendency in writing of the present age is towards either

the intensely practical, which lives but a few years, or

the gossipy newspaper twaddle. Lasting literary mon-

uments are being raised, but the proportion decreases

as the diffusion of current literature increases. But in

every profession and vocation occasions continually

arise for the treatment of some special subject, or fea-

ture of a subject, witha written article. He who tells

the world what new facts are being discovered, or what

new ideas are being advanced, is the eminent man in

his profession. In all these departments of language

the benefit is reciprocal, or in Bacon’s well known

words, “Reading maketh a full man; conference a

ready man; writing an exact man.”

There are many essentials of effective language, all
of which belong to the domain of rhetoric. But there.
is one thing of prime importance, an essential whose

‘rules are commonly violated among even intelligent
people, and that is simple correctness of speech, In-
correctness in speaking may not indicate ignorance, but
it certainly shows a lack of education in a very impor-
tant matter. The causes are found in the early habits
and surroundings of the person. The remedy lies in
careful training at home, more thorough correction and
practice in the common and graded schools, and in self-
correction. All who are receiving a college education
shoukl see to it that their language conforms to rule,

not to habit, They are supposed to become leaders in
3 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

meu

the world outside and they should not be handicapped
by so primary a branch of education. Reading is use-
ful, but practice is essential in self-correction, which
must be the usual remedy until the millenium of educa-
tion shall arrive. The various embellishments of lan-
guage which add so much to its beauty and force, are
obtained only by study, age, and experience. But the
writer or speaker must not only know what forms are
correct, what words are pure and precise and harmon-
ious; he must not only have a good vocabulary and the
knowledge of distinctions in words, but he must be able
to bring this knowledge into play without too apparent
an effort. This is true command of language, The
ability to acquire it is natural to some, but that docs not
deter any from cultivating it. Practice will work won-
ders, In conversation the talk often hinges on pleasant-
ries, On entertaining instruction, or on current topics.
What to say on such occasions and how to say it, is an
art, and must be acquired by mingling in society, ‘The

ability to speak extemporaneously must be cultivated in |
youth in order to produce the fruit of a ready speaker |

in manhood, Essays must be written in early life to
prepare and develop the powers of literary work.

If, then, the command of language will raise us in |

position and power; if it will help us in assisting others
to better ideas and a better life; in fine, if it will aid us
in making ourselves more useful in our generation, it
becomes our duty to make of it an earnest and con-
scientious study.

The Best Student.

TARRY THURTELL, UNION LITERARY SOCIETY.

The remark is sometimes heard, “That is the best
student in his class,” or “That is the best student in the
college.” The remark may be a just one and it may
not. Gefore granting a person such an honor he
should be considered in many different particulars.

‘A student is sometimes met with whose lessons are
always carefully learned and who seldom fails to make
a perfect recitation; yet take this very person and talk
to him on subjects not treated of in his text book and
he is often found to be wofully ignorant. The fault is
he does not take time to read good books or even cur-
rent events, and is behind the times. He is a brilliant
scholar, so far as his text books will make him, and as
such deserves honor, but he is not the best student.

Another man whom we sometimes meet, not only is
a fine scholar but is also a great reader. His mind
seems a great storehouse of facts. He is a regular
encyclopedia of universal knowledge, No problem
seems too hard for him, no process of reasoning too
deep for him to follow. Yet in our acquaintance with
him we feel that we miss something. We admire his
brilliant intellect, his wonderful memory and his vast
store of knowledge, yet there is lacking something that
makes us feel disappointed in him. It is this; he lacks

“sympathy with his fellows. In the cultivation of his

mind he has kept himself too much alone, He has
taken no interest in each day’s local news, in class mat-
ters, or in college sports. Sympathy and common
‘nterest are the connecting links that bind man to man,
We soon lose interest in a person who we find takes
no interest in us, and a man who takes no interest in his
low man soon becomes selfish, unpopular and narrow.
e
minded.

Another student, with a desire to get through the
course as cheaply as possible, spends too much time in
work and not cnoueh tn study or reading. By him it
is the reading mainly that is slighted. As a rule he is
a boy who carns his own way, feels the cost of his
But he
The time spent in reading good

education and Kkuows the value of his time,
has made a mistuke.
literature i* not thrown away, and although a person
may be able to keep up in his studies and work half the
clay, he is all dhe dione robbing hiunself of his reacing
time. Wile pursuing a course at college, college work
and college duties should occupy his mind.

A far worse and more foolish student is he whose
mind has become so absorbed tn sports and athletics
that he strives to exeecl in these alone, and neglects
study, reading, and work for what should be only a
recreation. Sports and athletics have their uses, and no
healthy, fun-loving student can afford to leave them
entirely alot, They ure the spice of our college life,
ind serve to vary the monotony of the daily routine of
study and of work. Tut a student should never forget
that the iWin J2LI Tp eosae for which he is m college 1s to
While at play he should be able

to consicler that he is but resting his mind that he may

obtuinn gn celucation,

be the better able to do cool work in the future.

The meanest and most contemptible man with whom
we have to do, is he who never docs well in class, in
work, or in play. He is jealous of those who receive
better marks than himself, and sneeringly says: “Well
I don’t werk for ‘marks.." That has been evident
from the beginning of his course, but what he has been
working for he is ashamed to own. All he cares for is
to pet through the course as easily as he can, and does
not scruple at the use of “ponies” in the accomplish-
Ile is too lazy lo stucly himself ancl
Such as he are
always the leaders in riots and disturbances. They are
the “hoodlum” clement of a college. They are the
ones who, by their depredations, incense outsiders
against a college and lead them to think that all college
students are reckless, dissolute and profane,

ment of this end,
tries to discourare those whe clo,

The best student will be a good scholar, This is the
main purpose of a college course and should never be
under-estimated. The man who truly values the
knowledge he is gaining of a study will try to obtain all
the information he can about the subject, and he who
thoroughly understands his lesson will seldom fail to
make a good recitation. Let hoodlums sneer as they
will, the “marks” do count for something and show
THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

3

es

very plainly on a college record the path of the studious |

aul painstaking as well as that of the careless and
incolent,

The best student is not afraid to work. He sees that

to be poor is no disgrace, and although honest labor |

soil his hanels, it does not stain lis manhood or rake
less noble his character. He will be an earnest, diligent
reader, No one can afford to slight the advantages
which are to be enjoyed in the use of a good library.
He reads to keep up with the times and to learn current
events. He reals that he may be able to think and
talk intelligently upon the subjects which are of inter-
est to the outside world.

The best student will be interested in all college
affairs. Le will lend a helping hand in all new schemes
and improvements that are for the general good. He
is interested in sports, though not necessarily an athlete.
His mind is broad enough to comprehend the benefit of
play or exercise in which he may be unable to take
part. In short, he is interested in his fellows and is
able to sympathize with all the passions and emotions of
his fellow students, He is orderly, generous and manly,
possessing a mind of his own, not casily turned from
the right course by false counselors or evil companions,

The best student will be conscientious. « Ponies,” in
the student sense of the word, are used only by the
“Chronic Failers,” feeble-minded and disreputable stu-
dents. The man who does his work faithfully and
well, and stands or falls on his own merits is the one
who can always be depended on. The student who
makes the best use of his time is he who, whether
working, studying or playing, “will do with his might
what his hands find to do.”

How to Make Our Prisons Tenantless.

kh AA. TILDEN, OLYMPIC SoOcrETY,

How to deal with criminals has, of late, attracted
much attention,
the mutter. Legislators and statesmen are divided on
many of the questions pertaining thereto; some hold
that muriler in the first degree should be punishable by
hanging, while others with tenderer hearts would im-
prison for life, It seems impossible for them to unite
on any remedy for crime,

A glance at facts will suggest the remedy, About
one-eighth of our populace are foreign born, and from
this one-eighth nearly one-fourth of our prisoners, one-
third of our paupers, and one-fourth of the insane come,
From our colored population, which is but one-eighth
of the whole, nearly one-third of our prisoners are
taken. It isa known fact that the immigrants are asa
class, ignorant, Also, that the colored people, who
were for so many years kept from their just rights by
the laws of the country in which they were doomed to
dwell, are quite ignorant too,

Then it is natural that to ignorance should be at-

thrive in open air,
| one-suled development.

Contract labor has helped to agitate |

| .
tributed the cause of crime. Some would allot this

crime to paupers, but ignorance is the ground-work of
pauperism, Man has faculties, the greatest gift of God,
which if cultivated, place him above the dumb animals,
The wild plant in the uncultivated field is neither use-
| ful nor harmful; cultivate the field, sow the seeds of
useful plants, and the wild plant becomes a weed, chok-
ing and crowding out the fruitful, At this stage let the
horticulturist take the plant, cultivate it, and behold, a
valuable addition to our garden plants, whose products
are sold andl beught in all the markets of the world,
50 with man, in the uncultivated state he little surpasses
| the brutes: in society he is a load to bear, tending to
check the advancement of those about him. Place him
under instructors, develop his faculties and a Washing-
ton or a Franklin is the result, a good to the present
and coming generations. Watson wrote to the point
when he said, “Ignorance is the negative of everything
good snd useful.” Education may not accomplish all
that is asked of it, but ignorance gives no ground for

hope.

Enemies to education put up a straw man to knock
| down when they try to show that education is a damage,
| by pointing to the fanatic of the present and past.

They take for example the mere book-worm, Sure—
_ there is no use for him-—neither will it be claimed that
| he is the educated man. (in the other hand, he is ike
‘the green-house plant, too delicate to propagate or
What he has is not education, but
By our ideal education is
INeant that development and training of mind and body
, and discipline of character, which makes a person syim-
| metrical; fitted for the duties of life,

The question now arises, how is this education to be
accomplished. In this age of the world theory is con-
sidered of lithe worth unless it can be put into practice.
Stop pauper immigration, There is no reason why our
country should be the slop-hole of the world. Tt has
inducements to offer, which will make the ennobled of
other lands seek our shores, Set our home missionaries
Lat work in good earnest. Too many are apt to think
there is no chance for missionary work short of some
If they will look about them they will

foreign land.
find plenty to do, |

With the army thus marshaled and on the ground,
the question how to proceed is paramount. Those who
are instructors in the public schools should make the
acheols seminaries for education and not for learning ;
/make them places where characters are made and not
_ perpetuated. Editors should elevate the character of
| literature; make the papers, even the dailies, fit for the
children to read and hear read, How many there are
who were first fred by some Jesse James story, to
lead romantic lives, the end of which was in the dark,
cold cells of a penitentiary! Ministers should make the
churches places for doing away with that awful disease,
selfishness, the hidden cause of most unhappiness and
| indirectly of crime. Instead of making tirades on

4

THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

er

theories held by ministers of other denominations, unite
with them in doing the grand good, for which all
Christendom is thirsting, Mothers and fathers should
take care of the children. It makes one’s heart ache to
see the prattling ones thrown upon their own resources
in the crowded street. Sacrifice not the children for
money in the crowded mart, for money will not buy the
son a noble character, nor lift him from a drunkard’s
grave,

Make education a qualification for franchise, thus
making the incentive something more than that of a
moral reason. There are statesmen who claim the gov-
ernment ought not to meddle with education, but if
it is to deal with criminals, why not with education,
the absence of which is the root upon which crime
grows? Gladstone says, “The chief interest of the
state is in the character of its citizens.” What think-
ing man can, with a clear conscience, advocate that a

government can not have a voice in what most closely |

concerns it; that a criminal shall not have a chance to
make answer to charges brought against him.

Who would think to change the course of a river by
damming up its mouth? Not less than this do our
legislators try to do, when they seck to lessen crime by
punishing the criminals. Labor not with the effect but
with the cause. Steam up the river to near its source
and make that the headquarters for operation; it will
take some steam to get there, but the investment must
be made before a dividend can be expected,

Benefits of Mechanical Courses.

WILLIAM H. VAN DEVORT, DELTA TAU DELTA
FRATERNITY,

That a young man should pursue the art or profes-
sion Which seems to best meet his inclinations, has long
been demonstrated. If he takes an interest in agricul-
ture, he should be a farmer; if in argument, he should
be a lawyer; if in mathematics, the physical sciences and
their application, he should be an engineer,

Regarding mechanical or technical courses, thought-
less persons are apt to say: “ You cannot in the time
allotted to the practical or shop work, become a master
mechanic; the time thus spent might better be applied
to your books, mastering theory.” That this idea is
erroneous is evident. As the education of a young man
‘in any engineering course whether mechanical, civil or
mining, cannot be complete with a mere knowledge of
mathematics and of the physical sciences familiarized
from standard text-books. He must understand the
principles by which this text-book knowledge may be
applied to that branch he is to follow. This is most
strikingly shown by the extent to which these courses
have been adopted in our most prominent institutions,
True, there are some schools professing to teach
engineering, that have nothing to do with pattern mak-
ing, forging, welding, tempering and the general

| extent, is true,

manipulating of machine and bench tools. Such

‘schools must consider the instruction received from

master mechanics of an inferior quality to that gleaned
from books and in the class room. They are turning
out, not mechanics to construct, but engineers, rich in
theory, to design. These same men when thrown into

practical work will see that something is wanting, in a
mechanical engineer, if the machines first designed by
him, contain parts that cannot be cast or forged, or if
cast or forged, cannot be fitted together. Can such
persons expect to compete with men of experience?
They cannot; and before they can they must go back
and pick up those principles of construction neglected
in their eclucation.

What these courses are doing for this country is
apparent. That civilization advances with education
isatruism. Let us journey from the North to the
South; from the Atlantic to the Pacific, our eyes will
continually behold the wonderful achievements of our
engineers and mechanics, accomplished under the
greatest of difficulties. We cannot but notice and com-
pare our present prosperous condition with that of
fifty or one hundred years ago. How vast the
difference between our present railway train flying

‘through the country at forty or fifty miles per hour,

and the lumbering old stage coach dragged along at a
tenth of that velocity! Look at the Erie Canal passing
as it does up hills and over rivers; look at the Brooklyn
and Niagara bridges; at our present railway, naviga-
tion and telegraph systems. And ask yourself what
this country would be without the engineering element!
You may say that there are hundreds of important
inventions being made annually by men who never
thought of a college education, This, to a certain
But it will be noticed that they are men
who apply themselves closely to their art or trade and
are perfected by their weekly scientific papers. They
are seldom of that class of men who are ignorant of the
fact that “it is difficult to get something out of noth-

ing,” who will spend the best part of their lives

endeavoring to develop that long sought for im possi-

bility, perpetual motion,

A young man when selecting his course of stucly at
college should have foresight enough carefully to con-
sider his chances of securing a good position when his
course is completed, [t is truly discouraging for the
person who desires to follow one of the professions, to
notice that our cities and towns are already crowded to
overflowing with competitors, On the other hand look
at the prospects for our young engineers, This is a
country noted for its great resources, and for the gen-
eral desire of its people to develop these resources, and
thus place it on an equal footing with other countries
in manufactures and improvements, Looking over the
graduate lists from some of these courses, we notice
with pleasure that a handsome percentage of these
graduates secure good paying positions of honor and
trust. As our producing and manufacturing interests
THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. 5

increase, so,does the demand for engineers and educated
workmen. ‘

That these courses have contributed much towards
our country’s prosperous condition none can dispute;
that they have yet much to do, all will agree. And it
is to be hoped that both public and private aid and
influence may be as freely bestowed upon them in the
future as in the past.

The Benefits of College Fraternities.

F, B. STOCKWELL, PHI DELTA THETA FRATERNITY.

Greek letter fraternities are situated at nearly all col-
leges of high standing throughout the country, varying
in number at each according to the size and prominence
of the institution. Most fraternities aim to establish
chapters in every worthy institution where it is possible.
The object of a few, however, is to plant representa-
tives in a few of the most prominent colleges only, and
in a particular section of the country, Some of the
latter have as few as six chapters, while a few of the
former have over sixty. The first fraternity was organ-
ized one hundred and eleven years ago at the College
of William and Mary. This does not seem to have
been very successful at first, for over forty years elapsed
before another was created, Since that time they
have increased very rapidly in favor and in numbers,
until to-day there are more than fifty fraternities, seven
of them being composed of ladies.
exclusively fraternity journals are published, four of
them in the interests of the ladies’ organizations. In-
* cluding alumni and undergraduates there are now more

than one hundred and fifty thousand fraternity men in |

the United States. No college of high rank but some
one or more of these societies is represented, excepting
those few, where the faculty object to secret institu-
tions, This objection was the principal reason why
secret societies had so slow a growth at first; but happily
as their workings began to be understood this objection
disappeared, and now no college is complete without its
“mystic brotherhood.” ‘These fraternities, scattered
over a broad expanse of country and at the most prom-
inent institutions of learning, have a marked effect on
the thoughts and actions of a large number of people.
There are duties that man owes to society in general
other than legal, The miser, taking no interest in his
fellow-men except as they bring money to him, fails in
his duty to mankind though he may fulfill the letter of
the law. The recluse, or the man who never mingles
in the pleasures of social life, is recreant in his duty to
himself and to humanity, He may Say, “] take no
interest in them or their doings. I mind my own bus-
iness, and owe them nothing.” But he does owe them
something. It is a law of God that man shall affiliate
with man. This is a world of associations; it is a social
world. The man who neglects to form ties of a social
nature is but half aman. At no time in life is a man

Twenty-three |

more liable to acquire the habit of withdrawing from —
social enjoyments than at college, especially if his social
nature is not fully developed. This is more-evident in
institutions where the dormitory system does not pre-
vail, The student may have a few confidential friends,
but if separated from these, he is almost a stranger and
will withdraw from any pleasures or social enjoy-
ments. But if a member of a fraternity, his social
nature is cultivated to its fullest extent. Any of his
brother members is his fast friend. He becomes inter-
ested in the frequent meetings and takes his part. His
mind is diverted from his studies. His knowledge of
human nature is increased. He makes an effort to be a
pleasant companion and becomes such. These social
habits thus formed or strengthened follow him through
life.

The closeness of connection between the members
allows them the opportunity of improving themselves
mentally by the study of each other. There is no
study so fascinating as that of man. If a man is a
good judge of men’s motives and actions, success in
some branches of business is assured, How few people
there are that we really know. We may think we
understand them perfectly, but suddenly some action or
word reveals the fact that we are entirely ignorant of
their inner life. Then, as there are few things about
which we know less, or that are more important, the
study of mankind should be one of our primary objects,
and nowhere is a better opportunity afforded than in
the fraternity.

The literary work also, is of great benefit. The
power of expressing our knowledge or thoughts in a
clear and logical manner will be of immense value to
us. The ability to wield the pen effectively cannot be
underrated. The pen is Archimides’ lever and the
press is his fulcrum, With this lever long enough
nothing is impossible, as the fulcrum is ready. One
great help to good literary work is criticism. There are
very few persons capable of judging their own pro-
ductions correctly, and still fewer who will express their
exact opinions about another's, until it has appeared and
it is tow late for correction. The constant literary
work required in most fraternities, and the closeness of
criticism which the existing imtimacy allows, are of
great service to their members,

The fraternity is an agent for good if its character
and purpose are noble. There is some prejudice against
secret societies in colleges, principally because they are
secret. Their purpose seems to be forgotten or un-
known. The attainment of the highest standard of
social, mental, and moral life is such an aim that no.
institution or society can have a loftier. ‘To have a high
ideal, though you do not.quite attain to it, is better than
an ideal nearer your own state, and consequently easier
of attainment. In some institutions where the mem-
bers of the secret societies live in their chapter houses
there might he a source of evil but for the love borne
for the fraternity, and the constant efforts to improve
6 THE

COLLEGE

SPECULUM.

its reputation and prestige by the closest observance of
moral law.

The wide extent of country from which the frater-
nity draws its men allows the largest scope for the
extension of knowledge, The journals devoted to the
interests of the society alone, containing articles by
members from all parts of the country, expressing their
thought and the general feeling in their respective col-
leges, ate of great benefit. Through these brother
members in other colleges a wide knowledge of life is
obtained. .

In college life we are behind the scenes; in actual life,
hereafter, the curtains are drawn. The experience
gained behind the scenes prepares us for the public per-
formance later. The play is the same in public, but we
attain self-possession and self-control by our practice in
ptivate, Thus the wide knowledge we may gain of
college life and college men is of vast service to us; and
in no other way can such a wide spread knowledge of
college life be obtained as through the fraternity.
Again, if a member becomes a student at any institution
where his fraternity has a chapter, he is at once sought
out and made to feel that he is among friends, The
first few months of loneliness are gone in aday. At
such institutions as the University where the dormitory
system does not prevail, acquaintances and friends are
not made so soon or so easily as where that system is
in vogue, and to find true friends immediately lightens
the hardest part of college life.

There is that “intangible something” about frater-
nities by which the members are drawn together. The
love for the secret society exceeds anything else at col-
lege. Members will work for its honor and welfare as
they work for nothing else. Its secrecy must be the
reason for this. There is a power in mystery over all
men, Man's peculiar love for anything secret is in
accordance with his nature, One great reason why
fraternities are so beneficial is because their members
take such an interest in them, and nothing so commands
this interest as their secrecy. Though secret, there is
not one that is not working for some great moral prin-
ciple; and when a large body of earnest men, bound
together by those closest of ties, common interests and
brotherly love, backed by the best institutions of learn-
ing in the land, are pushing with a common aim, their
object is sure of attammment. The principles for which
fraternities are working are grand, and are such that,

when attamed, they will be of the highest benefit to
mankind.

SCIENTIFIC.
Celestial Photography. —

Among the recent developments in astronomy is the
astronomical photographer, who, instead of spending
his time in laborious measurement of minute distances,
waiting perhaps weeks or months for times when the
atmosphere satisfies his critical needs, now places the

sensitive plate at the telescope and lets it record in a few

minutes details that it would take years to produce hy

the old methods. Its record may then be studied at

Jeisure.

Photography has an incomparable advantage over
the eye because it presents no limit to the faintness of
the objects it records. The eye requires the light to be
of a certain intensity before it will act, and if an object
he too faint to be seen, no amount of looking will
render it visible. The eye has not the power to accu-
mulate the light that might come from a faint object and
render the visual impressions more vivid, But the
photographic plate has the valuable property of treasur-
ing the rays that may fall upon it, and of being im-
pressed not solely bry the intensity of the rays, but by
the accumulated effect of all that may have fallen upon
it, A faint object therefore with long exposure may
approach in effect a brilliant object with short exposure
and objects that are invisible to the eye may be rendered
visible in the photograph by a long enough exposure,

The advantage of photography in its own field is
strikingly shown by a comparison of the results of the
two methods with a well known group of stars, the
Pleades, or Seven Sisters. An able observer spent over
three years of assiduous work in the last decade in
charting all the stars of that cluster. He charted 671
and believed his chart contained all there were in that
portion of the universe, Yet in an hour's time at the
same observatory this group was photographed and
showed 1421 stars in the same space—over twice as
many asthe eye had seen with a greater instrument—
and with an accuracy of position, that no direct measure-
But this is not all, The first photo-
eraph showed a stain. A second and third is taken
before they. are convinced that it is a nebula and not a
defect in the plates. But the instrument at that
observatory would show the nebula, But two instru-
ments in the world have done so, one at Pulkowa, the
largest mounted instrument in the world, and one
under the clear skies of Italy. :

In the development of astronomical photography
American astronomers have played a leading part.
Draper was not only the first to take a photograph of
the moon, but of the solar spectrum also, and Ruther-
ford’s photographs of the moon, (some of which may be
seen in class room EB) have never been equalled.
Rowland of Johns Hopkins ts publishing a photograph
ten feet in length of the solar spectrum, Draper, the
younger, successfully photographed the spectrum of
Vega in 1871, and his photograph of the nebulw of
Orion led the way to the more recent work of Common
and Roberts. Double star and steller photography began
with Bond and Whipple at Harvard College thirty
years ago. Alexander was the first to get a good image
of the corona. Photographic photometry has been
almost exclusively an American branch, and Pickering
has already made seven hundred plates of the thousand
necessary to cover the northern hemisphere.

ment could rival,
THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

7

Photography has some difficulties that will prevent its
taking the place of the observer, but where it may be
applied it will undoubtedly occupy the field exclusively.
Ths most recent applications are due to the French.
Besides the physical study of the sun and moon and
planets it promises to be of the greatest use in the study
of the heavens and the mapping of the stars, At
present the best chart shows 324,000 Stars, but we may
now expect maps showing millions. Such charts will
lead to a more complete study of the distribution of the
stars, and the constitution of the universe than has ever
been possible and in a few decades or centuries a com-
parison of photographs will show the changes of posi-
tion of stars, and will give more definite data for the
determination of the amount and direction of the motion
of the solar system. Photography will give means for
studying double and multiple stars and the revolution of
one sun about another, stellar parallax, physical features
of the moon and planets, the discovery of asteroids, and
may lead to the discovery of the suspected trans-Nep-
tunian planet. ;

The possibilities contained in its many applications,
rendered possible by the gelatine plates, promise to
change the traditional work of the observatory, and
may indicate the beginning of an era second in impor-
tance only to that brought in by the telescope.

L,. G. CARPENTER.

Parasites of the White Ant.

In various parts of the United States a white ant, a
species of Termite, is frequently to be found in and
about decaying pine stumps. Though to the eye of the
casual observer there is nothing marking these creatures
as in any way especially interesting or peculiar, yet to
the naturalist and microscopists they are of the very
highest interest, from the fact that they afford, perhaps
the most wonderful instance known of parasitic life.

Suppose a few taken home for examination. Arriv-
ing there the microscope is arranged with a power of
perhaps 100 diameters, while a little slightly salt water
and the usual glass slips and covers are provided. One
of the ants is then taken and the intestinal tract dissected
out. This will appear as a somewhat irregular elon-
gated brownish tube, perhaps a fourth of an inch or
more in length and varying from one-twentieth to one-
fiftieth of an inch in diameter. This is placed on a
slip in a drop of the water, and the cover glass placed
in position. Placing the slip then on the stage of the
microscope, and bringing to a focus, we shall, if our
specimen is a good one, have before us a most wonder-

ful and startling spectacle.
We shall see issuing from the open end of the tract

a perfectly innumerable swarm of minute creatures.
They pour out something like a vast multitude from an
overcrowded theatre or public building, and like such a
crowd, the instant they are free they disperse as rapidly
as possible in all directions, while behind the same
countless stream pours on as though inexhaustible.

i appearance and structure,

Many of them are of exceedingly beautiful and wierd
forms, and no words can properly express the beauty,
grace and strangeness of their appearance as they crowd

| and roll along, each as though bent on his own particu-

lar business.

After a general examination with this power, we can,
with advantage, put on a higher objective, preferably a
one-fifth or one-sixth, This will enable us to study
therm more in detail, and note their great diversity in
Notwithstanding this diver-
sity most of them have been grouped under three types.
The first is known as Vrichonympha Agilis. The
usual form of an adult member of this type is that of a
rather elongated spindle somewhat blunter at one end
than at the other, the latter for convenience being called
the head. The length is usually from three to four
thousandths of an inch, while the diameter is from one-
half to one-quarter the length. From the head some-
thing having the appearance of a long tuft of delicate
hair flows backward, ‘forming a kind of misty veil or
garment for the body, extending back beyond the tail
in graceful curves as the creature twists and turns in its
course. The color is a pale, partly transparent gray,
with usually a darker portion neat the head. The
movements are smooth and stately when uninterrupted,
though occasionally they are seen to roll and turn about,
these latter motions causing the coma to assume momen-
tarily the most graceful and fantastic shapes.

Occasionally one of them will be seen head on. In
this case the appearance will be that of a nucleus with
a more or less widely spreading delicate coma, giving
the effect of a hub with innumerable delicate spokes.
Various other forms will be seen differing considerably
from this adult type, and yet believed to be immature
forms in various stages of growth.

The distinguishing feature of these is a more or less
distinct spiral structure. In some there will be an ap-
pearance as of dark spots or overlapping plates, arranged
in several spiral rows on the hody. In others there
will be the appearance of a more or less cylindrical
body with spiral lines or grooves running along and
around it.

The next type is known as Pyrsonympha Verteus.
The representative individual of this group is of a some-
what tapering form from base to top. The outline is
wavy and continually changing, while, as a whole the
creature sways back and forth through an arc of go ®
or moves about a somewhat changeable point in the
lower part of the body, The appearance and move-
ment are exceedingly wierd. As a rule it does not, as
a whole, move about much, but keeps up its swaying
back and forth while ripples and waves are canstantly
running along its outline, making the exact grasps of
its appearance at any one instant, an exceedingly dif-
ficult matter. The color of this type is similar to that
of Trichonympka, though rather lighter.

The third type is known as Dinenympha Gracilis.
The characteristic structure is that of a flat ribbon or —
8

THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

— —_—_—_———— ee ee

band twisted into a spiral with asomewhat pointed head
and tail, On the spiral, and running longitudinally, are
alternate light and dark bands or stria. Individuals of
this type are relatively rare, of smaller size than the
preceding types, and quick and graceful in their move-
ments,

These parasites received their first notice from a
French naturalist. He simply noted the fact of their
existence, promising to return to them in detail at some
future time—-a promise apparently never fulfilled.

Some few years later they were independently clis-
covered by Leidy, who, after making them the subject
of careful study, wrote a monograph on the subject,
which is probably their most extended notice. The
main points of their life history—how they reproduce,
feed, grow, transform, etc., seem to be wrapped in con-
siderable obscurity, as well as just the precise position

in the scale of organized beings which they should | |
' one found in this country, and infested with the same

occupy. They possess some analogies with the Gre-
garinidae, some with certain larval forms of some of
the lower orders of Vermes, and some with the Infu-
soria. Leidy is inclined to link them with the Infusoria,
as on the whole, they seem to be more nearly related to
that group than to either of the others.

As to how they feed, little is known. Occasionally
dark particles are to be seen within them, though they
do not seem to have ever been observed in the act of
swallowing. Perhaps the most likely view is that they
absorb their nutriment directly through the general sur-
face in a liquid form, or by a species of dialysis. Many
of them, especially of the 7richonympha, seem to be

a

provided with a kind of vesicle somewhat similar to the |

pulsating vesicle of Infusoria and Rhizopods, though
its pulsations are very slow and indistinct,

One of the most astonishing considerations in con- |

nection with these creatures is their vast numbers, and
the fact that the intestinal tract of the ant is so nearly
filled with them as to almost exclude the presence of
ordinary good particles.

the average size of the parasites is somewhat under
.00,000,000,25. There would then be room for some-
thing over 100,000 individuals in this volume, but mak-
ing some allowance for food particles and unoccupied
space, we may probably safely say that 100,000 indi-
viduals would not be an unusual number for a fair sized
ant. In actual size they vary from three or four thou-
sandths of an inch in length to one thousandth and
occasionally less, while in diameter they range from
one or two thousandths to one ten-thousandth. Thus
we may say roughly that the range in size is somewhat
similar to that from a cow to a cat.

Just what office these creatures perform in the life
economy of the ant is not known, The ants live in
decaying wood, and seem to use this, at least principally,
as their food. Small particles of it, accompanied by a
brownish liquid, are usually found with the parasites,
but whether the latter serve in some unknown way to

| cano a couple of weeks ago,

The average capacity of this | of grass grows On the uppermost limit of veretation,

tract is perhaps not far from .000,25 cubit inches, while |
p were the only conspicuous plants at that height. The

are the crude food for absorption by the

partially prep ;
hey are truly parasitic—drawing their

ant, or whether t
enance from the juices of the host—seems to be a

question involved in much obseurity. De it as it may,
their presence seems in no way to inconvenience their
host; for the livelier and stronger individuals seems to be
as much infested as the weaker. :
The great abundance of these parasites renders their
y when the ants are once obtained,

stist

observation very as
In fact, as found in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Vir-

ginia, one can hardly miss them, though occasionally an

ant is found with few or none.
In addition to the slightly saline water referred to

above as a medium of observation, a tear from the eye,
serum, or the white of an egg may be used. Not the
least interesting fact in connection with the geographi-
eal range of these parasites is the fact that in New
Fealand a white ant is found somewhat similar to the

series of parasites.

The thought that within this humble ant, so small
that hundreds coukl be crushed with the foot, lives a
community of perhaps one hundred thousand creatures
of the most wonderful forms and habits, and in the
greatest variety of size, shape, and general appearance
is sufficient to give us a new, though still faint idea of
the infinity of Nature, and of how much beyond the
rench of our unaided senses there may be all about us

in the humblest of objects.
W., F. Dunannp.

De, Rear hands us the following communication
recently received from C. C. Georeeson, of "75, now
Professor of Agriculture in the Agricultural College at
Komaba, Tokio, Japan:

T am at present staying among the mountains near
the active volcano, Asama Yama, I ascended said vol-
The inclosed specimen
some 7,000 feet above sea level, This and a polygala
soil is a scoria male up of coarse cinders and pumice
stone, inte which the roots of the grass penetrate two
or three feet deep, Frequent thunder storms on the
mountain prevent it from drying up.

L will thank you to name the inclosed specimen of
raspberry if it reaches you in a condition to permit of
identification. Is it a mew species or has it been named
before? I shall attempt to introduce it in the United
States. 1f it will grow there I feel satisfied it will be
a decided acquisition to your list of simall fruits. I have
found only a few bushes of it, and this at an altitude of
between 2,000 and 4,000 feet. It is just beginning to
ripen now (Aug. 16th.) and will continue till about the
loth of September. It is exceedingly prolific, and has
a large, bright, red fruit, of a flavor between that of
the red raspberry and the black-cap. [t would be later
than any now in cultivation, But this is not the only
THE COLLEGE

SPECULUM, 9

point, It flowers without opening the bud, You will
perceive that the sepals clasp the young berry tightly.
They grow with the berry and do not open till it is full
grown. This point, in conjunction with the pubescence
and viscid character of the calyx, prevents the attack of
insects. To have never found a “wormy” berry in this
species, although three other species growing side by
side with it have a “worm” in nearly every berry they
produce. The young canes are erect, four to six feet
hieh, The bearing cones hen almost to the ground
with the weight of the fruit, which is produced in clus-
ters on auxiliary shoots, The inclosed is one of the
smallest T could find, The prickers are few and weak,
canes very hairy throughout, foliage small to medium,
li¢ht green above, white beneath,
in open places by rowl-sides,
Sincerely yours,

CHARLES C. GroRGESON,

Agricultural College, Kameoba, Tokio, Japan.

BY THE STUDENTS
Or Tue Mricuicgas Strate AgricuLrurn an CoL.eGce.

et _

ert

ThAMS, 90 CeNTS A YRAR: SINGLE NUMBERS, 15 CENTS.
ADVERTISING KATES MADE KNOWN GN ADTLICATION.
Fer All subscriptions will be rogandedt as continued unless we ure motified
te the conleary.
TE this Etacdia is niarkel SEE subscription Ge pParos wel thas beeiie,

ccsnonreonemeat - - - - ee

BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
UNION LITERARY SOCLeTY.
W. oA. TAYLOR, Editor-in-Chief, Literary Articles, Editorials,
NATURAL HISTORY SOCLETY.
C.F. GOMLLETTE, Science,
ECLECTIC SOecnlery,
L. C., COLBURN, . = : - -
PHI DELTA THETA FRATERNITY.
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DELTA TAU DELTA PRATERNITY,
P.M. CHAMBERLALS, Colleges and Exchanges,
OLYMPIC Sore Ty.

College News.

Athletics.

G L. TELLER, “ " - - - Personals,
H. E. HARRISON, - : Business Manager.
Treasurer,

Prop, L. H. BAILEY, Jr., * . .

AGRICULTURAL GULLEGE, MICH. GOTORER I, ish-,

= masse se 5 ee ee een ee ee is Seem oe

subordinate position in the college curriculum. Several
of the writers in the Wichigan Farmer make the folly
of such an undertaking their only argument, and then
proceed to lecture the faculty for not suppressing so
infamous a design. That such a plan has ever been

| proposed is news to those of our students who have been

Have found it only f

here during the past three years, and who have watehed
the course of events during that time. Their only
explanation of the origin of such an idea in the minds
of so many people in different parts of the State and at
the same time, is that it was suggested by the perusal of
a communication which appeared in the Lansing Fowr-
vaé of Aug. itth, over the name of the professor at
the head of the department in question.

That article contained a reafirmation of the belief of
its writer that the societies and fraternities connected
with the College had worked to accomplish the ruin of
Tt was a reply to a denial of the same
charge against the societies, published in the Lansing
Fournal of Aug. ath, and written by a committee
Extra copies of this
article were struck off and sent by an interested party
to the parents of students and to prominent farmers
With that view of the matter
before them it is not surprising that friends of the Col-
lege should be alarmed for its future. Had there been
any foundation for the charge, it Would, indeed, have
demanded prompt and radical treatment. The weak
point in the case as this: There has been no action

his depa riinent.

appointed by the various societies,

throughout the State,

taken by any seciety or class that can be construed as
an attack on the department named, nor has society
influence had any thing to do with causing the present
dissatisfaction.

There is no desire on the part of the stuclents to
belittle or injure in any way the department of practi-

eal agriculture. That department is the one which,

bmore than any other, ts peculiar to the agricultural col-

a ee ne

lege, and it should, therefore, be well sustamed ancl
properly managed. DGecause in the minds of the stu-
dents it has net been so conducted in the past, the recent
dissatisfaction arose, and not because there was any feel-
ing of opposition to the department.

The attack on the president and faculty made by
Judge Marston in the Wichivan Farmer, is entirely
unwarranted. The charge that they have permitted
gross violations of College rules to go unpunished, is

| doubtless true, for the fact was disclosed by the investi.

THe Sreecurum has no desire to add new fuel to the |

literary blaze which has illumined the pages of the
Detroit and Lansing papers during their recent discus-
sion of affairs at this Colleze,
afew mistaken notions that have crept into print, and to
place the College and her students in a true light before
the public.

We do desire to correct

The most prominent notion in the minds of those
writers who oppose the students, seems to be that there
has been an organized effort made to destroy the depart-
ment of practical agriculture or compel it to take a

| charge.

sation made in the summer of 1586, that various mis-
demeanors committed in the agricultural class room had
never been reported to the faculty by the professor in
That they did fot punish students for mis-

/demeanors not brought to their notice by the proper

‘authority, and which they had no other legitimate

means of discovering, is not strange. Since that dis-
closure was made their course has certainly not been too
lenient, The professor was at one time authorized to
suspend from class any student who refused to obey
him int cu particular, and under this authority several
1G

THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

suspensions were made. The truth of the matter is,
that of the suspensions made during the past two years
at least three-fourths can be traced to difficulties origi-
nating in trouble between the students and this particu-
lar professor, Had this same condition of affairs existed
in every department and the same course been followed,
we should now know from actual experience what it is
to have a “studentless college,” as the Judge is pleased
to style it.

The charge that the present management has sacri-
ficed quality to quantity in their efforts to secure new
students, requires no other ariswer than an inspection of
the work now done by students in field, shop, and class-
room. We venture the statement that at no time dur-
ing the past five years has there been a more carnest
working spirit manifested than during the year just
ended. The morals of the institution has greatly im-
proved. Conduct which, at one time, would have gone
unpunished, would now lead to immediate suspension
or expulsion, Though no special instruction in man-
nets and morals has been given, we think the students of
this College will not suffer by being compared with
students of other colleges. They can perhaps give
pointers in legal etiquette to some gentlemen whe hole
high rank in the legal profession. They certainly
would not conduct a case where the opposite side were
denied the privilege of having counsel, and they would
be sure of having heard both sides of a case before
rushing into print with an opinion concerning it,

The notion that the students have been running the
Agricultural College, the faculty and the State Board,
isa mistaken one, and until that idea is understood by
newspaper writers they will accomplish no good pur-
pose by filling the State press with advice to the faculty
and State board.

Tue street railway scheme of which so much has
been said and written during the past five years secms
to have assumed a definite shape and will doubtless be
perfected in the near future. The president of the
Lansing Street Railway Company has been investi-
gating the feasibility of building the road and is so well
pleased with the prospect that the order for its construc-
tion has been issued, The plan adopted by the com-
pany includes the purchase of a dummy engine for the
route, The road is to be ready for business within a
year, Cars will run to the college at intervals of two
hours during the day and the run each way is to be
made in fifteen minutes.

This solves the difficult question of how to provide
accommodations for the incréasing number of students,
for with cheap and speedy transportation they can
board in the city and yet have most of the advantages
enjoyed by those living on the College grounds. Such
an arrangement need not conflict with either work or
military drill, for meals can be secured at the various
boarding clubs and the whole day be spent at the
college when necessary.

Some contend that easier communication with the
city will cause the college to lose its distinctive rural
features and that the temptations offered by the attrac-
tions of the city will have an injurious effect on students,
While this may prove true to a certain extent, we see
no reason why the going to town can not be as easily
controlled as under the present system of "bus and stage

travel. The advantages offered far outweigh any

possible injury from that cause,

At least half of the time now spent in going to and
from the city can be saved. Travel will be free from
the interruption caused by stormy weather in the spring
and fall terms. Visitors to the capital city will find ita
convenient and inexpensive way of visiting the college
and the institution will thus be advertised in the best
possible manner. The work dene here will be better
understood and more highly appreciated after a personal
inspection of it than by any ather means of obtaining
information concerning it. In short the new enterprise

cannot fail to be of great benefit to the college,

The impression seems eencral that one of the first
effects of the completion of the road will be to largely
increase the attendance of ladies and the friends of co-
education are jubilant over the prospect. With a few
additions and changes the course of study now pursued
can be so arranged as to compare very favorably with
the ladies’ course found in other colleges, and which will
be vastly superior to most of them in its scientific
departments. With the addition of vocal and instru-
mental music, a further development of the course in
drawing, and the addition of German to the French
already in the course we think that a large attendance
of lacies could be secured. The Srrcutum hopes to
sce some move made toward making such a change
during the next year.

Wuy vot make French an elective study in the
Agricultural course? The benefit derived from an
ability to read scientific works in this language is
admitted by all who have given the subject any attention,
The facilities for giving instruction are at hand, and that
many students desire to study the language is shown
by the number who now take it as an extra study.
Experience has shown that to secure the best results
not more than three studies should be taken by the
average student, With the present arrangement those
who wish to continue thetr work in this branch must
carry an extra study during the remainder of the year.

Most colleges granting the degree of Bachelor of
Science include either French or German in some part
of the course or at least make those languages elective,
For a number of years it was in the regular course
here but was apparently dropped in the effort to make
the college instruction wholly English. Without going
into any discussion of the value of the study of language
as a means of mental discipline, we think that the
benefit to be derived from it in a scientific point of view
would justify its being made an elective study in the
senior year of the agricultural course.
THE COLLEGE

SPECULUM. IL

Tue only important change in the agricultural course
this year is the transfer of logic from the senior spring
term to the junior spring term. It takes the place of
one hour of laboratory work in analytical chemistry.
The junior spring term has been the easiest one in the
course, because it has contained but one study that
required preparation outside of the hours set apart for
recitation. The change gives students more work to

do in that term, and at the same time provides fora |

study which the student should take before his essays
and speeches are so neatly finished as they are when
the senior spring term is reached.

In the mechanical course the most important changes
have been the transfer of first rhetoric from the sopho-
more summer term to the freshman summer term, the
insertion of the second rhetoric of the regular course
in place of book-keeping and business law in the sopho-
more spring term, the latter studies being transferred
to the senior spring term, and the addition of public
erations during the junior and senior years.

The mechanical course now provides for the same
amount of public speaking and essay writing as the
regular course, and is much improved by the change.
Master mechanics, draughtsmen and civil engineers
should have as well trained a power of expression as

farmers, and we look for excellent results from the |

course as now arranged.

One of the College organizations that is not as high-

ly appreciated by students as it should be, is the Natural
History Society. The value of the opportunities of.
fered by this society to the student of science, by giving
him a chance to present in public the results of original
investigation, can hardly be over-estimated. Many of
its former members who now occupy prominent posi-
tions as teachers of science, testify to its value in this
respect. A glance at a list of its members discloses the
fact that at least fifteen of them are professors or
instructors in the scientific departments in various
colleges. To secure the best results its programs
should be largely made up of papers and talks by
students. The student will find that he derives more
benefit from the work and study necessary in the
preparation of a subject intended for presentation before
an audience than from the more scholarly and accurate
address by one of the professors. Too much of this
work has been left to members of the faculty of late,
and not enough has been done by students. Every one
interested in science should become a member, and
having joined the society should attend the meetings
and do his share of the. work necessary to keep it in a
flourishing condition.

Tue Harrow, whose publication was announced in
our last issue, was ready for distribution Sept. 1 and
seems to meet with hearty approval, Its showing of
college organizations is complete, its fun is pure and
the illustration and typographical work are well done.

It compares very favorably with the annals issued at

older and much larger colleges.
_ From the fact that it is a pioneer in this line of .
publication here the expense necessary to issue it has
been large and a number of copies must yet be disposed
of before this expense can be met. As the continuance
of such a publication depends largely on the success of
this one, the Specu.um hopes that it will have a wide
sale among our alumni, Many of them have already
ordered it, and any others who desire it can obtain
it of the secretary of the college at one dollar per copy,
post paid. Send fora Marrow.

We desire to secure the following numbers of the
Sprecutum: Whole numbers 3, 4, 10, 14,15, 18. Any
one having these numbers can secure twenty-five cents
each for them by notifying the business manager.

COLLEGE NEWS.

Four “ co-eds" in the freshman class.

There are three new Japanese students at the college.

The weather was most favorable for Commencement week.

Many of the rooms have three students in them; this is crowding
too closely. ;

There has been an increase of 750 volumes In the library during
the last year,

The work done in the wood-shop is much better this term than

| former terms. F

Secretary Reynolds gave an interesting lecture Sept. 7 on, “What
I saw in Gertiany.”

Prof, R. C. Carpenter and P, B. Woodworth will spend the winter
vacation at Cornell,

The low ground orth of the library is being tile-drained by the
Horticultural department.

Miss Hooker "gt and Ray Baker ‘8g, are making a tile catalogue
for the use of the students in the library.

The library and reading room are assuming a tasty appearence
under the skillful hands of Miss Linkletter,

The addition to the Horticultural barn is completed. This gives
storage for the larger tools used on the department.

Prof, and Mrs. L, G. Carpenter will spend the winter at Balti-
more, They expect to start at the close of the fall term.

Robert Bruce, Dr, Kedzie's big, black horse died Aug. 19. He was
22 years old and had been owned by the Doctor for ao years.

A new tubular boiler and a 12-horse power engine has been put in
by the Farm department to afford sufficient power torun the machin-
ery atthe barn. :
~The junior mechanics in drawing are working on a plate of worm
and bevel gearing. Their next plate will be a design for a head-
stock to an engité lathe.

The base ball diamond ,has been greatly improved, The lines
between the bases have been dug owt to the depth of a foot and
filled in with clay well rammed down,

A large crowd, about 200, of picnicers from Aurelius was on the
college grounds onthe 17thof September. They brought a base ball

| team with them to show the boys how to play the game.

The water works along Faculty avenue are nearly completed.
This will give fire protection and furnish water for lawns fn dry
times. The large tank will be kept full all winter, It will be kept
from freezing by a coal stove in the tower.

The Lansing Railway Company intend to have a line from the
city to the College completed by next summer. This wiil be of
benefit to the College and will also enable visitors from the city to
come much oftener than they do now.
12

THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

A large silo has been built at the north end of the cattle barn.
Ita capacity is about 12g tens, It has been filled with corn ensilage,
Much of the field corn was cut up and put in, as no calculation had
been made to fill so large a allo, The silo in the grain barn has
been filled with clover ensilage.

The Horticultural department is giving much practical instruction
in budding and in making cuttings. The students are also sowing
seeds of cabbage and cauliflower. The object is to see if it is
practicable for the average farmer to start such plants and winter
them in cold frames so as to have extraearly plants the next spring.

The money for the purchase of books for the coming year has
been apportioned among the several departments. Each professor
will have about $150 to expend in books for his department. The
books will be purchased this fall and be in their places for next
term.

None of the new buildings, except the apiary and the extension
to the machine shops, will be built this fall. The foundation for the
latter has been putin, The inside woodwork will be done by Mr.
Campbell and the students in the woodworking department, as the
appropriation was not sufficient to finish the building,

The Senior class-day exercises were held in the College chapel. |

The chapel was filled to its utmost capacity by the friends of the

| forming seeds.

class and visitors from the city. The music was given by Speil's |

orchestra. The opening overture “ Pique Dance,” was a fine selec:
tion. The class history was given by G. J. Hume, This was a his-
tory of many trying times and of successes. There was special
mention made of their connection with last year's trials. The class

present, and a predi¢tion of its future success, W. W. Diehl was
the class orator: his subject,  Qur National Character," was given
in an entertaining manner. Class statistica were given Dy Guy
Arnold. The average expenses of the class were §g38. Average
age 22 years. Fourteen of the twenty two graduates are natives of
Michigan; all but five have been teachers. The prophecy was
presented by I, B, Bates, President's address by F. RK, Smith,

went to the banquet hall, here a bounteous spread awaited them.

were given. Our College Days, J. C. Duffey.
mates, FF, BR. Smith. The Faculty, A. A. Abbott.
President Willits, Our Sophomore Year, I. B. Bates.
G. C. Crandall,

Commencement exercises were held inthe chapel on Wednesday,
Aug.ay. Every available space was packed some time before the
notes of the orchestra told the waiting class that they were soon
io be numbered among the alumni. The platform was decorated
with palms, ferns, and flowers in a most tasty manner, On the
stage sat President Willits, Professor J. Estabrook, Louis McLouth
president of Dakota Agricultaral College, Rew. Mr. Hall of Oviatt,
Geyernor Luce and the State Board of Agriculture, The exercises
were opened with prayer by Rey, Mr. Hall, this was followed by a
musical selection by Speil's orchestra. E. A. Burnett was the first
to speak, His subject, Culture from the Study of Science, was
presented in a forcible manner, Mr, Burnett was followed by H.
L. Chapin whose subject was Our Need of Industrial Education.
Music by the orchestra, Mrs, Carrie M. French spoke from the
subject, Knowledge comes but Wisdom Lingers. W. C. Hall told
of the work of the Federal Convention. This was followed by
music. E. W. Redman spoke upon the problem of Forestry. W.
C. Sanson gave Lessons from History, H. H. Winde's subject was
Teo Great Freedom of Utteramce. The last oration was by C, B,
Waldron whose subject was First Pure them Peaceable. After
music by the orchestra, the President's address and conferring of
degrees, the class of ‘87 separated to take up their individual tasks
inthe work shop, In the evening the President's reception was
held at his residence and the commencement exercises were enced,

We are indebted to R.'5, Baker for the following report of the
meeting of the Natural History Society held Sept. 8, 188): The
meeting was opened with an address by Prof. L. WM. Bailey on “The
Effe@ of Cultivation on Seed Produttion.” We have nearly the
wild type of tomato in cultivation. From this type we have nearly
regular variations to the Trophy—the best variety at the present
time, Several tomatoes of each of four or five yarielles were

The Ladies,

selected, and the seeds carefully counted, From roo fruits of the
Red Cherry tomato, the poorest variety, 7.242 seeds were obtained,
while from three fruits of the Trophy tomato 839 seeds were
abtained. The average number of seeds in the Red Cherry tomate
would, therefore, be 72 2-5. while in the Troph ¥ Wwe have an average
of a7gh seeds to the fruit. The difference in bulk between these
two selections was not great, while the difference In the number of
geods was very great, From this we draw the conclusion that seed
production does nat develop as fast as the fruit grows in alee,

An experiment was alsa made with ihe Crab and Northern Spy
apples, It was found by counting that the Crab averaged #4 seeds
toecach fruit, while the Northern Spy averaged 12 seeds to each
fruit. In this we see an increase of seed by cultivation, The pro-
duétion of seeds by plants may be divided inte four general classes,
First, those which produce seeds alone, as peas and beans, Tn

these we can gel no great increase. Second, those plants cultivated

| for fruits, which are inseperable from the seeds, as the cereals. In

these the Increase of the fruit means the increase of seeds, The
third class includes those which have other means of re-produckion
than by seeds, The seeds, therefore, aradually diminish im mum
ber, and at last disappear entirely, 45 in some varieties of polatoes
and fin bananas. “The reason for this i4 that the energy of the
plant goes rather to the production of geod fruits or tubers than to
Class fourth includes the true fruits, like apples,
which are cultivated for the pulpy parts, From these experiments
we find that the produétion of seeds bears no constant tatio with
the cultivation of the fruit. All seedless fruits are simply sports,
although these sports may somcthnes be perpetuated by judicious

| selectresrt,
poem by C. L. Himebaugh was a view of the class in the past and |

| shaped mass on the water.

Mr. Redman read a paper on " Mosquitees," and showed some
very good blackboard drawings illustrating it. The mosquito lays
about soo eges, which are stuck together and left floating in a boat-
in the larva state the head is large and
the eyes prominent. Orn the end of the larva are two flat projec:
tions usec for locomation, atul the head is always downward in the
water, The pupa is curbed) ia qeeculiar position—the head, which

a | is doubled under, having two long respiratory tubes extending
After the close of the literary -program the class and their friends |

from it. [t floats on the surface, and js covered by askin which

. | gradually breaks near the head and the mosquite begins to come
In response to the toast master, H. W. McArdle, the following toasts | cout. The male mosquito has hairy antenuae, and always stays in

Our Absent Class- |
Response by |

swamps or near damp places, The females are the only ones from
which we ever suffer, .

Prof. Beal then talked on the “Variation of Grasses." He had
several lange charts illustrating the variations of different parts of
several specimens of the same variety, He also displayed some
fine drawings of rout stocks, cmd achvisedl stiudemts in minktig col-
leflions never to leave the root stocks out of their herbaria,

Prof, Cook displayed some lirge ink drawings, showing the
antennae cleaners af diferent bees. Things chiwnge to mateh their
environments. Darwin saves that things bave a lendency lo vary.
Nature selecis those things which vary in the right way, and the
parts which are most used are those which vary the most. [f we
take a wasp andsprinkle some chalk on his antenuae he will throw
his legs over them amd draw the antenuae through @ little noteh in
the legs, thus thoreug lily cleaning them, The antenugae are insescl
for feeling and smelling, and so must be kept clean, hence, by con:
tinual wear aed wee the notch has been worn in the legs, thus mak-
ing an effedtual ameniiae cleamer,

Mr. Dewey then showed some beautiful colored drawings af the
apple tree silk moth, This moth works on apple, pear, and plum
trees and havel bushes, It is one of the largest moths we have,
and it richly deserves the name some naturalists have given it, the
“American silk moth.” The larva is large, green and very beautl-
ful. The worm has seven pairs of legs and a row of formidable
spines up aml down its back. The larvae ore heavy eaters, andl
grow uteasy as the line comes ta gednta cocoon, The moth lays
its eggs in June, and the larva hatch in eight or ten days and work
until August, when they go inte cocoon and remain all winter,
Mr. Mellet then made same observations on the ovaries of the rose,
and the mecting adjourned,

Ata mecting of the Union Literary Society held Sept. agth, the
following resolutions were aclopatecd :

Whereas, An all wise Providence has removed our brother,
Truman L. Parker, who died at Elsie, Mich., Sept, 13, 1887,
THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

13

Aesolved, That by Mr. Parker's death we lose a friend, who, in
all bis intercourse with us, proved himself an industrious student,
a faithful society member, and one who always had the welfare of
his fellow students at heart.

Resolved, That we tender to his bereaved wife our heartfelt sym-
pathy in this her great affliction.

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be sent to the be-
reaved wife, and that they be furnished to the Contece SPECULUM
for publication. Wi. oA. Tayoor,

H. &. Cannon,
G. F. Stow,
Comaniitee af DLE, §.

Dr. Beal, at the request of the State Board of Agriculture, at.
tended the meeting of the Forestry Congress, recently held in
Springfield, Ill,

The Cadets and a number of other students, attended the State
fair at Jackson, Sept. 23d and 2yth. They report having a splendid
time while there.

We clip the following from the Jackson Patriot for Sept. 24. “The
Cadets from the Agricultural College accompanied by Lieut. Lock-
wood arrived on a special train from Lansing about 9 o'clock
yesterday forenoon, and were at once assigned quarters im Guard
hall. Soon after the command went to the drill ground for an hour
ortwoof practice, The Cadet company was about forty five men
strong, and dressed in the neat blue, close fitting uniform with
tegulation fatigue cap and regulation U. S. belts and cartridge
boxes and Springfield breech loading rifles, presented a very neat
appearance. The company is exceedingly well drilled and ought
to take high rank among companies that pretend to excel. Capt.
Dale A. Smith has been in command but four weeks, and the way
he handled his company yesterday shows he has the true military
tiiginhlismake-up." * ® #® + + ' * * 7
“"Atags the Cadets appeared on the track in front of the grand
stand ready forthe drill. The arrival was greeted with applause
and it was merited. For twenty five minutes military evolutions
were performed, comprehending manual of arms, evolutions and
the setting up drill, Then the Guard took a hand and for thirty
minutes held the attention of the spectators, Lieut, Neskem did
hot keep a full score as the Lansing company failed to furnish a
schedule of movements. He only scored errors, At the conclusion
Col. Devlin announced that the Jackson company was the victor,
The weather was too cool for good work hence some errors were
placed against the Jackson company and presumably against the
other, that would not have occurred under more favorable con-
ditions,"

declined to accept the challenge to hold an individual competitive |

drill, sent them by the Cadet company.

PERSONALS.

It is our aim to make the personal department of the SPECULUM
a Means by which old students and graduates of the M. A. CC. may
hear of those with whom they were acquainted while here. That
it may fulfill its purpose we request Alumni and others, to notify us
of any matters of interest which properly belong to its columns.

Class ‘61,
Albert N. Prentiss and wife spent their summer vacation in
Europe.
Class '64.

Lewis J. Gibson teaches. in Lyons nine months of the year and
spends his summer vacations on his farm near Wacousta.

CLASS ‘65.
C. E. Hollister was one of those who, in his college days, helped
cut out the tops of many of the large trees on these grounds,
Crass ‘ir, ;
We see by the Jedusiriafis! that W. W. Tracy has recently visited
the Kansas Agricultural College,
Crass ‘68.
John Swift praétices surveying and landscape gardening in sum-
Mer and canvasses for standard books during the winter. He was

on both tickets for Justice of the Peace at Harbor Springs last
pring and was elected. He has six children,

Chass ‘Gq.

Dr. C. E. Bessey is Professor of Botany and Horticulture, and Dear
of the Industrial College in the University of Nebraska. He was
one of the five M. A. C. graduates who had papers read before the
A. A.A, S, this year, He also sent a paper to the Society for
the Promotion of Agricultural Science, He is botanist to the Ne-
braska State Agricultural Society, and during the summer vacation
visited the Black Hills of Dakota, where he colle¢éted many botani-
cal specimens.

CLASS "yo.

Chas. W. Garfield was re-elected Secretary of the American
Pomological Society, which is no small compliment considering
that the Vice President is also a Michigan mat.

CLASS ‘Fr,

Prof. E. M. Shelton has decided to remain at the Kansas Agri-
cultural College despite the attraclive offer made by Iowa.

Geo. D. Morse, farmer, Medina, is feeding a herd of cats, and if
their hides turns out well he and his wife may attend the triennial
reinion Next summer,

CLASS "73.
j. P. Finley has written a new book on tornadoes, which is pub-

lished by a New York ingurance company. He recently visited his
home in Michigan. ;

J. L. Morrice made the College a visit recently, and brought with
him two or three new students.

Benjamin T. Halstead is a practicing attormey at Harbor Springs.
He recently spent some time visiting in New York and at his former
home in New Jersey. He graduated from the law department of
the Indiana University in 1875, and that institution conferred upon
him the degree of M. A. this summer. This is probably the first
degree of M. A. conferred on a graduate of this College.

CLASS "Fy.

Dr. J. EK. Gailey presented an able paper before the last meeting
of the State Medical Society.

Henry A. Haigh is still employed as counsellor at law in Detroit.
His book on “Farm Law” is now under the control of Darling
Bros. & Co., Detroit, Tt is used as a text book in this and several
other agricultural colleges, and is highly commended by many who

The score. as annouticed, stoml 75 to 8s. The Guards are competent to judge,

CLASS "75.

C. 5. Ingersoll, President of the Colorado Agricultural College,
reports their institution in a better condition than ever before.

W. L, Carpenter is one of the brightest local practitioner of law in
Detroit, and is regarded as one of the rapidly rising members of
the Michigan bar.

William H, Smith is a prosperous farmer living north of Grand
Rapids, and is looking for a larger farm, He recently read a paper
upon “ Tariff for Farmers" before the West Michigan Farmers’
Club,

B. A. Nevins is a member of the firm of Nevins & Lindsey, man-
ufacturers of fanning mills, step ladders, and other wooden utensils
at Otsego, and has quite an extensive trade, especially in the South
and Southeast.

CLASS ‘77.

W. S. Holdsworth is again teaching drawing at this College,

Lyman A. Lilly is farming in Allegan county. He has three
children,

Frank E. Robson is selling great “big chunks" of law from his
office in Lansing.

F, E. Skeels is with C. W. Garfield at Grand Rapids, engaged in
horticultural pursuits.

R. T. McNaughton is still engaged as per catalogue. He is an
active member of their local horticultural society,

C. D. Strang is managing the Rider Farm at Silver Creek, Cass

county. He says he is too heterodox for orthodoxy and too ortho-
dox for heterodox.
14

THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

Will Prudden, captain of the famous “Nine Spots" ball club, is
selling “diamonds” of real estate to support his increasing family.

A. B. Peebles is pastor of the Plymouth Congregational church of
Fargo, Dak. He has not forgotten his alma mater and hopes to be
present at the alumni reunion next summer.

Harry Emmons went down to business one morning recently,
and found that he had been burned out during the night, With his
characteristic energy be was in busiess again at noon.

H. F. Buskirk is living on a fine farm near Bradley, Allegan Co.
He raises raspberries and other fruit, and does quite a business
shipping milk to Grand Rapids. Hehas one son and one daughter.

E, O. Ladd is partner with his father on a 200 acre farm near Old
Mission. They ralse orchard fruit and potatoes in considerable
quantities. He is Master of the local and the county Grange, and
chairman of the board of school inspectors of Peninsula township.

James Troop, Professor of Horticulture and Entomology at
Purdue University, and his wife visited friends in Western New

summer rendered his experiments with commercial fertilizers on
potatoes and other vegetables almost worthless, He attended the
American Forestry Congress at Springfield, Ill, Sept. 14-16, asa
delegate from the University.

C. C. Georgeson, Professor of Agriculture and Horticulture in the
Imperial Agricultural College of Japan, has been spending his sum-
met in the mountains, near the active volcano, Asama Yama, which
he climbed early in August. He describes it as follows: “It is the
largest aétive volcano in Japan. The crater is an abyss covering
twenty three acres. I measured it, I spent the night there by the
crater. It was a sublime experience,—8,ooo feet high, not a sound
could be heard but the roar of the crater, which is almost like
Niagara in quality, but not nearly as loud. The fire could be seen
distinétly in the crater.”

CLass "79.

C.W. Gammon and wife, of California, recently visited the Col-
lege.

M. &. Thomas has rented his farm, taken up as a homestead
claim near Bramhall, Hyde Co., Dak., and expects soon to return
to Decatur, Mich., where he will engage in farming.

Cc. F. Gage, two years with "yo, Is quite plump, and a great rider
of the wheel. While going from Springfield, Mass,, to New Haven,
Conn., following the railroad bed between the tracks, he took a
fearful header and narrowly escaped being run over by the express.
He was married a few weeks ago.

A. A. Crozier is busily engaged as the trusted assisiimt of Frof,
Vasey, of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, He was present al
the meetings of the A. A. A. S., amd &, P, A. 5., and made re-
ports of them for publicatlen.
pore of the last meeting of the American Pomological Society,
which was held in Boston.

CLASS "Bo.

CC. T. Crandall bas, if rumors be true, become interested in the
development of an iron mine.

Prof, F. A, Gulley and wife, made the College a flying visit at the
beginning of the term. It does one good to see them. Herecently
received a flattering offer to become Professor of Agriculture in the
University of Tennessee at Knoxville, but the experience of agri-
cultural departments of State Universities has been such that he
prefers to remain where his is the leading chair.

Ciass ‘St,

C. OW, Clark is studying medicine at Orion,
numbers three,

W. H. Burgess was married recewtly to Miss E. M. Fenton, of
CGroswell, bis present home.

R. B. Barlow, for three years with "$1, has spent most of the past
few years in the investigation of ink. He has discovered some
excellent inks and expects to go South this winter to begin their
manufacture.

Howard M. Holmes, member of the State Board of Health, had
an article in the issue of the Sanifary News of Sept. 3d, setting

His family now

He was made Secretary pro tem- |

a

om

forth the advantages the new hygienic laboratory at the University
to the people, He also recently read an article on cremation

before the U, and I. club.
CLaAss "52.
W. H. Coffron is at present studying in Johns Hopkins University.
Prof. L. H. Bailey, Jr., attended the Michigan State Pair and took
with him numerous specimens of fruit and vegetables.
Erwin N. Ball is proving a worthy son of his father as stock

raiser. He exhibited some of the finest stock at the late State fair.

CLASS “B3.

A. C. Redding was granted the degree of M, 5, at the last com-
mencenent.

H. W. Collingwood is writing au interesting serial story for the
Mural vet Forter,

C. E. Weed, assistant to the State Entomologist in Illinois, spent

H f his vacation at his home in Lansing.
York during the summer vacation, The serious drought of the | part of his vaca

C. P. Gillette is much relied upon by the Awral New Forker to
furnish opinions on entomological subjects,

H, W. Baird, assistant secretary and postmaster, having taken
two fearful headers from his wheel, has sold it and forsworn
bicycling.

Arthur F. Kinnan was married the grst of. August to Miss Ida M.
Traphagen. He is engaged to become superintendent of schools
in Big Springs, Texas, a flourishing four year old town of 2,500
inhabitants.

Herbert Collingwood, managing editor of the Aural New Yorker,
was met by Dr, Beal and Prof. Cook atthe A. AL ALS. They report
him as looking healthier than ever before. He lives thirty miles
from his work: goes back and forth each day, and is well pleased
with fis position.

CLASS "Sy.

J. J. Bush has left the bank in Lansing.
Fred Herrington is practicing law in Pontiac.

©. L. Hershiser is very successful as an apiarist. During the
present summer he has had charge ol one of the largest aplaries in
the State of New York,

E. E. Vance is living on his farm near Pewamo, Has been play-
ing in the Northern Michigan Hase Ball League this summer. Is
the happy father of an eleven pound boy,

Crass "hs.

CW. Hoyt was present at commencement exercises,

Geo, E. Sprang is in the stationery business at Alma.

F.L, Chappell is teaching school at Cooper, Kalamazoo county.

C. B. Collingwood recently married a sister of W. A, Thomas,
with “35.

F. G, Towar, J. 0. Towar, and Jennie Towar, "86, are engaged
in the restaurant and dairy bushes at Lansing.

Ii is with much regret that we are called upon to note the death

| of T. L. Parker, Sept. goth, at Elsie, where he has been teaching.

He was buried just four weeks afier his marriage, and is mourned
by many sincere friends,

T. D, Himebauch is apparently doing a thriving business at
Vicksburg, and is to deliver atwelve weeks course of leélures on
veterinary science at Purdue University, He received from this
College the degree of M.S, this summer,

E. 5. Antisdale denies keeping “bach,” as stated in our previous
issue, Remember, Ed. that we should always avold the appear
ances of evil, He is now living with his father and sister on his
father’s farm, Though be denies being a model farmer we have

| reason to believe that he will be one sometime if he continues in the

occupation,

Geo. W. Parks, Fannettsburg, Pa., although very busy feels that
sticcess is rewarding his efforts. He has a good trade in flower
seeds, and has gol prospects of soon becoming one of the most
extensive retail dealers in flower seeds inthis country. He expects
to spend a month in Philadelphia this fall,
THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

-_
on

CLASS "36,
W, E. Gammon is farming at Richland, Cal.
WS. Launstein, shipping clerk for a Milwaukee firm, ls probably
doing as well financially as any member of the class.

E. A. Whitney visited the College recently. He is studying law
at St. Louis, Mich., and expects to be examined for admission to
the bar next month.

W. A. Kinnan made the College a short visit recently, He has
been employed as clerk in the pension department at Washington,
where he expected to return.

J. J. Jakway, for three years with °86, is on his father's farm at
Benton Harbor, Expects to enter DePauw University at.Green-
castle, Ind., this fallon his standing at this College. He made the
College a visit recently, and we are sorry he is not intending to
complete the course,

CLass ‘Sy.

W. C. Hall is teaching school at DeWitt.

J. C. Duffey is teaching school near Homer.

Guy Arnold is rusticating In the North woods.

O, C. Wheeler is busily engaged on his father's farm.

Cc. B. Waldron will go to California to practice surveying.

I. B. Bates is in the employment of the Michigan Car Co., at
Detroit. He goes well recommended and we wish him success.

H. L. Chapin has been surveying and leveling near his home, St.
Louis, Gratiot county. He expects soon to procure instruments of
his own.

A. L. Marhoff, with ‘87, was present at commencement exercises
this summer, He is now teaching at Climax, but expects to return
to the M. A. C. next spring.

Guy Drew, with "87, is cashier of a bank in San Bernardino, Cal.
He resigned his position as superintendent of construction on the
California Southern Rallroad, after building fifty miles of the road.

Ciass "58.
A. B, Ide is principal of the Delta schoal.
B. B, Smith is at Mayville, Trail Co., Dak.
J. A. Thompson left for San Diego, Cal., Sept, 28th.

Herbert Thurtell has engaged to teach school for a year in the
village of Allonez, in the Upper Peninsula.

WITH “8g.
O. B. Knapp visited the grounds recently.
this winter.

He expects to teach

ATHLETICS.

June 25th.

MAC. ABRBHTESPOa £ | JONIA ABRBHTBPOA E
Ratesef.6 1 3 3 4 0 9 | Shawhyete 1 a oo i
Smith cond 2 3 3 3 § 1 | Oconmoribe 2 2 3 12 9
Condiey iS 0 2 2 1 o 1 | Delaner"ahS 4 3 f 43 1
Ganfeld,sb5 1 2 2 0 1 0 | BOMb ee Teak aid
yee te tl eau gf | Punchearfe 2 1 1 a 0 @
Bulson,fb5 2 2 2 5 3 2 | Raywmebes 1 FF et
Cooney, nf.f o 0 @ 1 Oo o dtic2 1°17 2 8 2 0

48 12 17 18 OF MB i ia 2 aT

*Pitched after fifth inning. {Taken sick the fifth inning.

i?a@a6se7Tae98
MLA GC. 0 1 4d oo oO 1 Pe
Tomia......... o22%44 160 2 718

Earned runs—M. A. (C., 4; Tonia, é& Firat base on called balls—Oi Yerkes
2; Delaney, 7. Left om bases—BL. a Gu o;lonla, 7. Struck out—By iernen

Punches,” Lund, Hubbard: b Canfald, ferkes, (Coo
Delaney, Bates. Learned, Simith, Ot Sironnae Hubbard. Panes Binet

Dayton, 4: Smith, 4 Wild pitehes--Yerkes 1: renee a He Delaney 3. Tine

of game—2:15. Umpire—Hemphill, Seorer—(), 0. H collister.
Sepe, epi.

MAC. ARR BHSHPOA E | AUREUS AB RBH SBrOAE
Burnett, p.G 64063 «6 «1 9 © | Edgarndb.§ 1° 2 1 6 0 2
Smithewww &¢ 3 2 £ 1 0 | LDaviggbo 1 3 0 4 4 1
Chen. 3 3 2 3 2 3 | LoEdgarabs 1 1 0 3 1 4
Cordley. 2h & 3 1 G6 1 2 | Freemans 2 1 8 8 8 @
Canteldrfi * 1 oo 0 @ O | Cooke, of Oo 1 Oo 1 of
Stack, $b © 1 1 2 2 3 | LFre'm'nl 1 @ Oo 4 @ FT
Stockwellof + 2 5 2 O 1 | &. Edgars o 1 @ 4 2 8
Rittengerlbs 2 1 0 12 o 1 L.Edgar,pS 1 2 0 1 1 1
Thurtell, 5 3 3 O O O 1. Eokhartjed 1 0 0 1 oO 4
oS WoT 1 “aoa 1 wk 8 i

12 a4 5 676859 E

M.A. Qt 3 9 0 6 FO Oo Re

Aurelius 4.00 0 20 0 1 of 8
Farned runs—M. A. C. 10; Aureliy ‘ Struck owt—L. Edgar, Left ou
bases—M, A. C., 4; Aurelius, 8. balla—Edgar, 7. Wild pitches—b.

Edgar, 1. Hit by iteherd ball- "pitten r. Two bane hik—Smnith, L. Tavis,

Freeman. ca hit—Bureett, ith, Chase. First base om errors
Cit ML. A Oa Aurelius, 7 Time—-Two hours. Umpire Manassa.
_ Sept ape.

MM. A. C. AB RB BH BH POA. E NOTHV'E AB E BH Sh FO A E
Burnett, 3b.8 oF & © 3 & OO | WiYerkeslbS 1 2 0 8 4
Smith wooo ¢ 3 @ T 2 © | Harman, abt o & 2 1 Ot
Chase, eo 0 2 1 8 1 oO) PB Waihe.d 1 2 fF & 1 t
Cordley,2b.5 2@ 2 1 2 2b oO} D-Yerkes, ab. o 2? @ 3 22
Btack, Lf. 2 1 ot 8 &@ © | Baker, rf... o Fo t O Ff
Canfeld, pS 2 1 1 2 & © | G.Yorkes,c. fa 2% 6 2 o@
Stuckwellers 1 2 0 2 0 0 | Rowe, Laken o 2 © ¢ 0 6
Thithe ik + 2 Oo FT & ft) Beales... i @ © t 241
Thurtell, po & 4 © 1 0 O | H. Wait, p.. 4 i160 t F414

Qin 3 7 4 1 ww 6 24 7 9

_ 123456789 RB

M.A. Cunt 20 0 FOF 8 ="

Northville... al ooo 8 1 1 oo ts

Struck cut—By Canfield, 6; By 1

0
Aas balls—Cantield 1; H Wall th,
L “Ant Wild pitches—H. Wait, 1.

Wait, 4 Passed Balls— . Wait, 7,
Time of game—Two hows, Tinpire- ‘Cole,

Cold weather fails to put astop to athletic sports, and every after:
noon between the hours of four and six can be seen the numerous
ball teams practicing-up for some great game in the near future.

The wielders of the tennis rackets may still be seen striving for
the “deuce” but getting only “love.”

The ball team have a number of mew men in thelr nine, and are
doing same very good work.
caphain.,

We print the following scores, two of which were crowded out of
the last number:

June £8th,

M.A. C, Rib POA E| . CASS. RIB PFOA E
Bates, L. fic. ueuen 11 2 0 0 | BPH. Bh Beet 2 go Le
hs re i 2 8 o 9g Guin sb. wast t 2 3 @
Chase, ¢ fiw | 2 O @ | Crmest, wf 0 @ 4 ©
Cord] a f copies inital ai al 1 a] 1 oOo. ‘celeu'o, 1 7 eer | oO 2 a iti
Coat fie dl, } | Pere wl 1 8 2 @ Weiss, pp ut F @ & @
Werks, Pesce 1 ft i oo . Day, role 4 wl 2 &@ @
Howe, 1b... a1 OF 12 & 1 | Pierson, t..... ull & T 1 o
Shepard, 5 &. oe ee eee | eee ee Titer borg, Bhat! 1 2 8 O
Talstn,, Daan el | 1 z aT 1 MeaArthur, Te Poeerevee dl 1 o 0 a

Quam we 4] #1 aT 1 8
L2aa4a hb bTeek
i: 3200 0 Oo 4 fo
M.A. C..d 2 1b 1 ol oo be
Phe me: balls—Day, Mearthor, Chee, B Lsoat, yarned | runs—B.

Cas, 2 Two base hits—Day. Pow Double. play —Da ent adie deark:
Guest aud Day. By OL reeked we li—By Weiss, 7 iia ite Yerkes,
3 Struck out--By Yerkes, 4; ios, 3. | Pace om, 1; Smith,

Time of game—Two nth Uenite-Geotpe vent,

A. EB. Cordley has been elected |

COLLEGES.

Ohio has 45 colleges.

Cornell hag a class in Malayan.

The Oxford University has an annual income of one million dol-
lars.

Hilladale graduating class observed class day for the first time in
five years.

One hundred and twenty-four students are working thelr way
through Harvard.

It is said that Daniel Webster edited the frat college paper—the
Dartmouth Garelte,

The first degree of L.L.D, conferred by Harvard, was upon eo.
Washington, lm i776.

Will Carleton, of poetical fame, has been elected one of the

| trustees of Hillsdale College.

The English University custom of wearing capa and gowns has
been acclimatized atthe University of Pennsylvania.

The oldest college in America is the College of ar which
was founded fifty years before Harvard.

The University of Pennsylvania contains students from nineteen
foreign countries, and has representatives from twenty-nine of the

i United States.
16

THE COLLEGE SPECULUM.

Out of every one hundred Freshmen who enter Vale, seventy-
five graduate; at Harvard, seventy-four.

Harvard college was founded in 1636, with an appropriation
of 2300, six years after the settlement.of the colony.

It is sald on good authority that at least one half of the athletes
inthe English Universities never intend to take degrees.

The §100,000 library building presented to Yale by 5. B. Chitten-
den, will be of red sandstone, four stories high and in the shape of
a cross.

The United States has the largest mumber of representatives at
Berlin University, The University of Virginia has more sons there
than any other American college.

A Harvard Senior proposes to have a composite picture of his
class, and one of the Senior class, at Wellesley made into one,
which he will exhible as a good type of the coming American,

Olivet College graduated a class of twenty-one, twelve ladies and
nine gentlemen, eight of whom intend to enter the ministry, The
incoming class has thirty or more, a large proportion of whom take
the B. A. course.

Of the nineteen New England Colleges, the buildings, grounds,
etc., are valued at 89,647,500, whilst the nincty-seven Southern
Colleges have buildings, etc., to the amount m $5,076,750. The
New England States pay per capita for college buildings and
endowments $6.51, ard the Southern States $1-gt per capita for the
same Purposes.

Congress has appropriated f1oo,c00 for the erection of a mew
astronomical observatory near Washington, with the understanding
that the total cost is not ta exceed Syoo,c00. Mr. Hunt, of New York,
the architect appointed by the Secretary of the Navy. has been in
Washington examining the site, and it is understood he is mow at
wark upon the designs,

Carey, Harvard "85, who ts at present taking a post graduate
course there, has recently given $25,000 for the purpose of erecting
swimming baths in connection with the Hemenway Gymnasium.
The tank is to be one hundred feet long by sixty wide. The buildd-
ing is also to be provided with one thousand lockers, and racket
courts for court tennis.

a= eee

EXCHANGES.

Tike Simiproniae from Indianola, la., is a verv creditable journal,
but seeing te lack systematic arrangement of contributions,

The Oberlin &eniew sends out an index for Vol. 14. which is com-
pleted with the June wumber. This college journal is one of the
best, and the editorial and [iterary departments are well prepared,
showing for the most part a desire to excel rather than to dispatch
some unpleasant piece of work as quickly as possible,

The local column in a college paper is a very proper and impor-
tant adjunct but the choice of items in some of our exchanges
could be improved. For instance: S4e Ceafral Collegian, of Fay-
ette, Mo., could perhaps find more eutertaining locals than the fol-
lowing: “Good-bye—hush—and Megrow—hush, I tell you—twinin'
—whack—all right we will hush.” “Jabug says if he wants to play
‘horse-shoes'’ during study hours he is going to play.’ “Horn
warts to jolm the W. 0. T. U."

We clip the following from an humorous description of a visit to
the Dakota Agricultural College. The entire article would be
interesting but our space will permit but a small portion: “The
many friends of Dr. McLouth will be pleased to read the following
from the Dakota Sef “We had the pleasure one day this week of
visiting the territorial agricultural college at Brookings. We found
the president of the institution carefully examining a flax seed with
a microscope under the impression that it was a chinch bug ‘play-
ing possum’ on him, He grasped our hand warmly and invited us
out to the experimental farm, ‘The force at work is hardly so large
as usual,’ explained the president, ‘owing to the fact that I have
several of them locked up in the cellar for refusing to work dig-
ging the great holes necessary to plant the pumpkins. I reasoned
like this: If they objeéted now, what will they do next Fall when it
becomes necessary to dig the pumpkins, with, perhaps fifteen or
twenty ln a hillh = de Moderator,

oe

es ee ee ees |

The Aurora from the Iowa Siate Agricultural College, contains.
an article on “Does a College Education Pay?" which is A great
credit to the journal and the author. [tis written in a straight:
forward, clear and modest manner, at the same time presenting
the author's views without apology. Under the head of “ Percent
of College Graduates" he presents these official records :

Presidents of the United) States, 65 per cent have been graduates.
Vice Presidents of the United States, go per cent have been gracd-
uates, Speakers of House of Representatives of the United States
61 percent, Members of the United States Senate, 44 are gradu-
ates. Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, 74 per cemt Hae
been graduates, Chief Justices of the Supreme Court, 43 per cent.
Cabinet officers, 54 per cent. General average of the above officers

59 per cent. have been graduates.

a es

REVIEWS.

EE SE I,

First Lessons in Agriculture.

Within the past few years, there has been much said in reference
to the need of introducing agriculture into the common schools-
Several clementary works have appeared from time to time. The
task of writing a book suitable for an elementary text book im agri-
culture ig doubtless yery great. We have just received a copy of a
little volume of 118 pages, with the above title, written and published
by the author, at a cost of 74 cents. The successful man is F. A,
Gulley, M. S., class of 'So, Professor of Agriculture in the Missis-
sippl Agricultural College. It is an excellent work, well suited
to elementary classes, and by far the best of its kind that has
come to our netice. The work is well done. It might, perhaps, be
profitably enlarged by giving numerous examples to Hlustrate the
brief parts or statements made, but we know that this would be well
done by the author while using the book in his classes. We take a
just pride in noticing the fact that Professor Gulley is a graduate
of the Michigan Agricultural College, and that he has met with such
eminent success in his chosen field of agriculture. The fact is, he
was chosen for this work before he had completed his course in
ito, His success has been all that his friends predicted,

The following is the table of contents: Composition of matter,
origin and formation of soils, composition of soil, composition of
the plant, plant food in the soil, mechanical condition of the soil,
effect of water on the soll and crop, farm drainage, preparation of
the land for the crop, how plants grow, fertilization of the seed,
improvement of varieties, cultivation of the crop, manure, Commer.
cial fertilizers, care of manure-composting, rotation of crops, farm
live stock, diversified farming, food and manure value of crops.

We take the following wetice from the #reeders” Gasette:

“The Mississippi Agricultural College at Starkville is taking high
rank among the institutionsof its class in this country on account of
the good work being performed in the various branches receiving
the witention af the very efficient faculiy at that college, A lange
share of the reputation the school has earned seems due to Prof,
F. A. Gulley, and we take pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of
one of the most valuable litthe volumes connected with the litera-
ture of the farm that has ever come beneath our totice—" First
Lessons in Agriculture,” from Prof, Gulley's pen, In the brief space
of roo pages the Professor has laid down all the essential scientific
principles underlying progressive tarming in this country, and he
is to be congratulated upon having compressed so much valuable
matter into such small space,” W. J.B,

ee

THAT ChOCK ON THE WIRDOW

Is for the Iscnetit of the public, ad alsa te murk
the locution wf

H. B. MORGAN, JEWELER.

[MARE WATCH REPAIRING A SFECLALTY.

Adter accuting your work once, [will endeavgr to keep your pulronage by
avingr it well, :
The MM. C. Lilley & Co.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

MILITARY GOODS OF ALL KINDS,

REGALIA SUPPLIES, BAND EQUIPMENTS, AND
UNIFORMS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS.

Special Inducements to Students and those getting up Clubs or Companies.
COLUMBUS, OHIO. :

GEO. H. COLE,  VOISELLE & LAROSE,

HEADQUARTERS FOR
DENTIST,

WASHINGTON AVENUE, - LANSING, MICHIGAN. Wall Paper 2 Decorations

SEO BOYS! SEDINA & LICHTE,

—-THE=

URQUHART & CO, NOBBY TAILORS,

309 WasHINGTON AVENUE,

—MAKE-

Foreign and ‘Domestic Woolen Goods

THE BEST BREAD! or xis ocr

CAKES AND CANDIES. Good -fitting garments guaranteed. Come re examine our goods,
and you will be vinced that tyo an save money
B ¥

dae CALL AND SAMPLE.“

“FURNITURE!

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF

WRITING TABLES, DESKS, CHAIRS, &0.

ALWAYS ON HAND. SPECIAL FIGURES TO STUDENTS.

Opposite the Opera House. M ; J BU @ K :

CURTAIN DRAP ae AND TRIMMINGS A SPECIALTY.

A. J. FREE’'S TONSORIAL PARLOR,

106 Michigan ATenue, Lansing,

IS THE PLACE TO GET THE BEST WORK DONE.

A large force of skilled workmen always r eady to please cus tomers.

FOR GALE STUDENTS’ TONSORIAL BAZAR,
GROCERIES, FRESH #SALT MEATS, HH. G. JACKSON, Pro’e,

CANDIES, TOBACCOS, &c., ROOM 46, WILLIAMS’ HALL,

At 413 Michigan Ave., E.
cc. Good DINIoE. | Michigan AGHICULTURAL OOLLEGE.

a

BEE-KEEPERS’ GUIDE, | pcr ouass syop! FIRST-CLASS WORK!

— OR
ALL STYLES OF Hatk CuTTInG NEATLY DONE,

MA NUAL OF THE A PIARY. Office hours from Saturday morning to Monday noon, Barber Soa p far sible.

_ JT. JOHNSON,

13,000 sold since 1876, 4,000 sold since May, 1883. Entirely revised.
Fifty pages and fifty costly illustrations added,

Price by mail $1.25. Liberal discount to dealers and for clubs. | Fashionable Custom-made

A. J. COOK, Author and Publisher, Bansing, Mich,

SRUGS, PERFUMES, BOOTS AND SHOES.

SPECTACLES.

REPAIRING A SPECIALTY.

_ Lansing, M ‘chan.

CHAS, & SEELY.| Wo 205 Michigan Avenue,

P. F OLDS & SON. THE SENATE

soc ts LW NCH ROOMS.

i J Grsecine GNGIneE.

114 Washington Avenue.

yl Also, a full line of | _

3 Of from 2 to GD horses power,
" OPEN DAY AND NIGHT.

i Works No, 221 River Street, |
Lansine, Mic. RALL BROTHERS, FProprietors,

a FIND AT | W. x ® ? : : i

@. W. FRARYS STORE, 0"

Sowelry, Watehes, Cleeks

DIAMONDS, SILVER AND PLATED WARE.

GENTS’ HATS AND CAPS. 119 Washington Ave., Lansing.

A large and fine line of

IN ALL THE LATEST STYLES. ‘REPAIRING NEATLY DONE.
New England flothing Store,

116 Washington Avenue, LANSING, MICHIGAN,

HEADQGUARTERS For,

CLOTHING, ¢ GENTS + FURNISHING ¢ GOODS,

HATS AND CAPS.

Suitings for the old and young—Men’s, Youth’s, Boy’s and Children’s— -always in stock, and

at prices that defy competition.
THE LARGEST, BRIGHTEST AND LIGHTEST STORE,

And the best stock to select from in Lansing,

Specialties in Gent's Fine Furnishings. Don’t pass us by when in want of anything in our
line. GOODS SOLD AT ONE PRICE, Call in.

Cc. H. HUNTER, the Low Price Clothicr.

<=.

104 WASHINGTON AVENUE,

DispLAYS THE Finest AnD Lancest Stock oF

DRY GOODS AND CARPETS

THAT WAS EVER BEEN OPENED IN THE CITY.

You will always find Goods as Represented, and our Prices at the Bottom.

wee ee ee _

CHICAGO MEDICAL COLLEGE

Corner Prairie Avenue and 26th Street, Chicago, III.

Medical Department of the Northwestern University. Session of 1857-88. N. 5. DAVIS, M. D.,
L. L. D., Dean.

The twenty-ninth Annual Course of Instruction will begin Tuesday, September 27, 1887, and close Tues.
day, March 27, 1888, The course of instruction is graded, students being divided into first, second, and third
year classes, Qualifications for admission are either a degree of A. E., a certificate of a reputable academy, a
teachers’s certificate, or a preliminary examination,

The method of instruction is conspiciously practical, and is applied in the wards of the Mercy, St. Luke's,
and Micheal Reese Hospitals daily at the bedside of the sick, and in the South Side Dispensary attached to the
College, where from nine to ten thousand patients are treated annually. Fees: Matriculation $5, payable once
only. Lectures, first and second years, each $75, third year free. Demonstrator $10, including material,
Laboratory $5. Breakage (returnable) $5. Hospitals: Merey $6, for third year students. St. Luke’s $5, for
second year students. Final examination $30. No extra fees for Private Classes or Microscopical Laboratory.
For further information or announcement address,

FRANK BILLINGS, M. D., Sec’y, 235 State-st, Chicago, Il,

WEBSTER’S UNABRIDGED

“A LIBRARY IN ITSELF."

—

‘The latest issue of this work comprises

A DICTIONARY
cohbaining 118,000 Words, and S00 Engravitigs,

A GAZETTEER OF THE WORLD
25K) Titles, with pronundation, &c, (recently added) and

A BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY
nearly 10,000 Noted Porsons; alec various Tables,

ALL IN ONE BOOK.

Tt has 3000 more Words in iis yooubulary than are foond
in soy other American Dictionary, and nearly three times
the pumber of Eneravings.

Tt is the best practical English Dictionary ox-
tant.—Quarteriy Review, London,

Webster is Standard Authority in the Gov't Printing OMce,
and with the U, 3, Supreme Court, and is recommended by
the State Sup'ts of Schools in 36 States, and by the leading
College Presidents of the U. 6. aod Canada,

Poblished by G, & C. MERRIAM & CO,, Springfield, Mass.

[

- First Class Livery.

a

BARGAIN SHOR STORE

Sells first quality Boots and Shoes, in
the latest styles, at

| 25 per cent less than can be bought elsewhere.

Alpin,

LIME. CEMENT, PLASTER, SALT,

in wijointng sleet,

Hay, Grain and Feed, Fertilizers,
Roofing Pitch and Paper.

=e Michigan Avene, «pp islte Lhe (ula [Ved sy th Ebates.

A. ABER.

JOHN HERRMANN,
Opposite Opara Block,

Merchant Sailor,

Keeps the iargest and best stock of

Merchant Tailor’s Goods

In MICHIGAN

BEST FIT FOR THE LEAST MONEY

SrupexyTs, CoME AND See Mr.

—————

cr SAVAGH,

J.

3

110 Michigan Awenue,

CUSTOM MADE

Student’s Patronage Solicited, |

JIMMY MARKEY.

WASHER, WASHEB.

“CLEANLINESS TS NEXT To GOonLEN ESS,

HARRISON & FOOTE

send soiled linen to the Ionia City Laundry,
and hence get

Pirst—-Class Work Done.

BOOTS AND SHOES.

Repairing Neatly ana Prompily Attended to.
STUDENTS’ PATRONAGE SOLICITED.

-L. BECK, —

THE CLOTHIER.

Headquarters for Fine Clothing,

Hats, Caps, and Gents’ Furnishing Goods

a specialty.

COLLARS AND CUFFS A SPECIALTY.

Wash box, middle ward Wells’ Hall, and first floor William's
Hall. Office, No. 53, Williams’ Hall.

STUDENTS AND OTHERS, GIVE US ACALL.

112 Wasningtos AVEXUE RORTH.

/

a — ee ny
| YOU WILL FIND US

me
ie

ta

= 4 Directly opposite Lansing House, in one of the Best

q ‘Ground Ploor Photograph Gallerie

In the State. We do all kinds of work known to the art, and always try to excel all com-
petition. We shall not allow any photographer to undersell us.

s We offer Special faducsmen!; to all connected with the State A gricullural College.

CHENEY & CHRISTMAS.

Ea Text on and aout Constantly on Hand,

Gold Pens, Wirt’s Fountain Pens, Picture Frames, and Wall Paper,
At Reduced Rates to the Students.

Pp 0. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, NEAR LANSING, MICH.

institution is thoroughly equipped, having a large teaching farce; also ample facilities for illustra-
; tion: and manipulation, including

Laboratories, Conservatories, Library, Museum, Class-Room
- Apparatus, also a large and well stocked farm.

ki In TEARS ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE COURSE

EMBRACING-

a

mistry, Mathematics, Botany, Zoology, Veterinary, English Language and Literature, Military Tactics,
es and all, other branches of a college course except foreign languages.

se hours’ labor on each working. day, except Saturdays, Maximum rate paid for labor, eight cents

$,—Tuition free, ‘Club boarding,-from $2.09 to $2.50 per week.

CALENDAR FOR THE YEARS 1887-8.

bruary zoth Spring Term begins. May 11th Spring Term ends, May 21st Summer Term begins.
Both Summer Term ends; August t4th Commencement. August 27th College Year begins, and ends.
mber 16th
Catalogue apply to EDWIN WILLITS, Presipent, or HENRY G, REYNOLDS, Secretary.
ave

Se TT

ARE HEADQUARTERS FOR

FATS AND CAPS, | a

SPEC IAL’ PRICES GIVEN TO: STUDENTS.

113 Washington Avenue, North.

H. LEDERER loa SONS,

H. LEDERER & SONS, the Clothiers.

| Phe Best Geeds !

PRICES. THE LOWEST.
2S Rw Ee me, »
Dry Goods and Groceries.
U7 and 119 Michigan Ave., -

Latest Styleel

a

- , - LANSING, ce

os

Gentlemen, you will fied the Largest Ascortment of

Fine Boots . and Shoes,

AT H. A. WOODWORTH’S,

ais NM. VWfashingten Ate.

WHERE 18

J. T. Conn’ Ss Shoe Store

He dozs Werk for the College a

IT IS THREE DOORS WEST OF CHAPMAN HOUSE,

We advise all who want good work to call and
see him,

Saddlery Hardware

1665, VesT, ee
aad

CANNELL & EDMONDS, — 3

HARNESS AND TRUNKS, ~ 2

AWD EVERYTHING IN THEIR. be

Gent's Driving Gloves.

107 WASHINGTON AVENUE, SouTH, 34>)

ALDG'S ATH * 3
¢ ic: nea ae ee

mae eee
poly eseeifaeate oror o

ngs of Patt kinds oF Bp ort ‘care
Wich saagune will bo rationed te bo they tae = ae
. othe theamonnt o i

Ho. 22 and mvention Eile e : :
AG: Spalding & Bros ine ge ae