THE SPECGLUM. Se a a VoLuME VIIL—No. 2, AGRICULTURAL CoLLEGE, Micn., SEP’. ro, 1588, WHOLE No. 332. Fg ES Progress in Manufactures. ee G L, FL, DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERNITY. The history of the world, from the earliest ages, proves progress to be one of the import- ant laws of nature. Everything, from the simplest to the grandest manufactures, sciences and arts, is ever progressing to something simpler and grander. The inventive genius of man grows, from age to age, as a child grows from infancy to manhood ; and in each era we can trace its growth in the increased comforts, conveniences, develop- ment and civilization of mankind. The wonderful progress in manufactures that has taken place in the last century can readily be seen by contrasting the manufact- ures of the past with those of the present. Let us compare those manufactures used at the period before steam was first introduced as a motive power, and from which dates the almost phenomenal advance in this direction, with the corresponding ones of to-day. Look at the stage coach, slowly rumbling across the country with mail and passengers, in the former period, and at the ponderous locomo- tive, drawing its train of cars at lightning speed from place to place, in the latter. The porting products to any part of the country, the swiftness and cheapness of the mail | delivery and the distribution of knowledge | shows, as no other one thing does, the con- trol of man over the forces of nature and the rapid progressive strides in manufactures that is taking place. The progress in the construction of: ships When we think of the magnificent ocean steamers that are now has been no less rapid. crossing the ocean and circumnavigating the | globe, and know that steam was first. intro- duced to propel ships in the year 1807, does Our fore- fathers crossed the Atlantic in 1620 in the Mayflower, a ship of one hundred and eighty tons burden, and the boisterous voyage took not the chan gescem marvelous ? them three months, ‘To-day the ocean steam- ers run from New York to Liverpool in ten days, and often in less time. A traveler crossing the ocean now, can be accommodated as Well and can get as good food as can be obtained at any of the first class hotels ; while in the days of the sailing vessel the problem of properly provisioning the ship was the most difficult one to solve, Methods of lighting our houses and streets have improved with astonishing rapidity. The light of the candle gave way to the light of the oil-lamps. Now gas is used to light most of the city residences, and the electric light, invented but a few years ago, has already reached a high state of perfec- tion, and is used to illuminate many of the large cities of Europe, Asia, North America and South America, and is even introduced into a large number of dwelling-houses. The manuscript books of the middle ages, written on parchment, were very scarce and expensive, and only a few people were able rapidity of travel, the convenience of trans- | to purchase and enjoy them ; while now the cheapness of our printed volumes brings them within the reach of all. Besides, the wood engravings, steel engravings, copper-plates, stereotypes and lithographs used at present in the printing of books make them much more instructive and interesting, Again, compare the printing press used by Franklin, then considered the best in the country, with the presses that print the daily papers of our large cities, in one operation, and fold them, ready for distribution, at the rate of from 18 THE SPECULUM. ——— — = twenty thousand to twenty-six thousand per hour, The old system of carrying mail and sen - ing messages by means of the carrier-pigeon, the courier on horseback and the old-fash- ioned stage-coach is heard of now only in history and story. The railway-mail to carry our letters, the electric-telegraph to send messages long distances, and by means of which nations are brought into instant com- | munication, and the telephone, which enables | people miles apart to carry on a con versation, ave filled its place. h filled its pl rogress has been no less rapid with agri- Progress has bee l with ag cultural implements. The spade, the hoe, the flail and the seythe, tools used every day by the farmer a few vears apo, have given and the farmer now works with the steam plow, the harrow, the threshing machine and the steam reaper. rotary It would be an impossibility, in the limits of a short sketch, to dwell upon all the branches of manufactures in which a decided progress can be traced. The abstruse manu- factures are by no means the only ones that have progressed. Every year shows an on- ward movement In scicnce as applied to manu- factures, and the result of this movement is seen in the improvements of even the most trifling articles. Go into the home of the working man and see to what a reat extent the wife’s cares have heen lessened and her labors diminished, Look at the sewing ma- chine, the washing machine, the wringing machine and the other articles of hourly use found there, and compare them with the ‘clumsy appliances of eve renty veare - ¥ app feven twenty vears ago, A person's mind is never more worthily em- ployed than when exerted to increase the manufacturing capabilities of his country. [t matters but little if it be exercised in ereat works of invention or in the increased use- fullness of the washboard or of the egg. beater, . The Dake Engine. EK. MN. P., UNION LITERARY SOCTETY, Ever since the steam engine was invented it has been the constant aim of inventors to improve upon it. From the expensive and time wasting process of condensing the steam in the cylinder, it was but a few steps to the use of a separate condenser, After a time the truth that steam could be cxhausted into the open air became known, and we had the two most important types of our present steam engines. The automatic cut-off, Cor- liss valve, and many other improvements have been aclilecd + the two types have been combined, but the principle remains the same, Now, as then, the steam admitted to the eylinder acts on the sides of a circular dise, . eivine it a reciprocating motion Which is way to more useful and labor-saving tools; 7 | " changed toa rotary motion by levers and reds, ora combination of them, Hut ever since the infaney of the steam engine, men have tried to find a substitute for this combination, The objections were principally azainst the dead center and loss of force by the friction of so many parts. were invented and often tried, but few proved to Various devices Qne invention, however, It ts be of any value. seems to have proved itself a success. the Dake engine. This engine is of very recent origin, hav- ing been patented but litthe more than a year ago, and so has not been tested sufficiently to develop its fullest capacities. So radically different is it from the common types, that engineers are very backward in accepting it The Dake engines are made of all sizes, from us a substitute for the older machines. one to one hundred herse-power and larger, As the difference between them is only in size, and not in the form of the working parts, a description of an cight-horse power engine wall suffice fer all. The largest single part of this engine is the rectangular base, twenty-four inches wide, forty-two inches long, and six inches high. On the front end of this base is THE SPECULUM. 19 fastened the engine proper and on the back end a bearing to support the shaft. the two, on the shaft, are fastened the fly Between wheel and driving pulley. proper is composed of five parts; the out- The engine side case which takes the place of the eylin- der, the cover to the same, the two pistons, and the crank with shaft attached. ‘The outside case is best compared to a heavy, shallow box measuring, on the inside, twenty- two inches wide, thirteen and one-half inches high, and two and three-quarters inches deep. In the back a recess is bored out large enough to hold the crank, which has a four inch stroke, Inside of this case a second box moves from right to left and back. It is the outer piston, This piece is thirteen and one-half inches high, seventeen and one-half inches wide, and two and three-quarters inches deep, outside measurement. with movable gibs that can be set out, thus [t is furnished taking up any possible wear. To prevent any steam from reaching the crank, a bottom is placed in this outer piston, it being wide enough to cover the crank at both ends of the stroke. A narrow slot is cut in the bot- tom large enough to allow the crank pin to move up and down. This slot is, in turn, covered by part of the inner piston which | moves up and down inside. The inner piston is again rectangular. It is fifteen and one- half inches wide, seven inches high and two and one-fourth deep. It also has gibs for taking up the wear. In the center is placed the brass bearing for the crank pin and inside we find numerous steam passages. The en- gine cover has two passages cored init. One conveys the exhaust steam from the lower to the upper exhaust opening. ‘The second passage conducts the fresh steam from the top of the case to the inside of the inner piston. This cover is very accurately ground so that no steam can pass between it and the moving pistons, Let us suppose the crank pin to be at the farthest point to the left. The outer piston is at the left end of its stroke and the inner one moving up. Could we see through the cover we would see steam rushing in many ways. The live steam from the opening in the cover is passing to the inside of the inner piston, through a hole in its left-hand wall, through a groove in the inside wall of the outer, into the open space between the two, where, expanding, it is forcing up the inner piston. No sooner has it passed the center than it opens a port through the left-hand side of the outer piston admitting steam be- tween the latter and the outer case. This steam, expanding, drives the two pistons to the right. The ports are so arranged that the steam of either can be cut off at any desired part of the stroke, thus making the best use of the fuel used. The ports in the case are opened and closed by the pistons themselves, thus doing away with the eccen- tric, side rods, valves and all the other apparatus employed in most engines, Just before the inner piston has reached the end of the upward stroke, it opens an exhaust port, and so the space is cleared, ready for By this combination of lateral and vertical motion the crank pin the downward motion. is continually being forced around, and with it the crank and shaft. In this manner we virtually have a double engine, each piston being an engine by itself, The few working parts of the Dake En- gine, the impossibility for it to get out of order, the small amount of floor room re- quired, and the ease of handling, are amone its chief recommendations. As there is no ralve to be raised, steam may be turned into the exhaust pipe and the engine reversed exhausting through the steam pipe. A great many of these engines have a fourway cock for a throttle and are very quickly reversed. All this and its great speed make it the foremost hoisting engine in the market. Altogether it may be considered as one of the most radical steps in engine building of this generation. TILE 20 SPECULUM. The Alumni Reunion. The Alumni began to appear on the grounds on Saturday, August it. By the next Mon- day evening there was a goodly number here, the greater part of them coming se carly in order to attend the anniversary meetings of the various literary socicties and of the fra- Qn Tuesday they appeared in suf- ficient number to take possession of the Col- ternmities. leve domains, and on the afternoon of that dav many of them laid aside the dignity tocum beat LIpOn Alumni atic enjoved the old- time sport of kicking the foot-hall about the campus. On Wednesday were held the rec. ular exercises Of the asseciation, A large number of the chiss of “S3 was present at the reunion, and the members of that class held regular Class Day exercises, with Class Dinner in one of the club rooms, The lady graduates of M.A. C. were photographed in a group in front of the class rock orf "7, Prof. L. G. Carpenter of 39 manipulated the camera. On Wednesday, “august 15, the Alumni Association carried out the following pro- eram : First business meeting, 5:30 A. M.3 literary meeting, ve. Me; dedication of Abbot hall, 6 1, 10:30 A. Mey second business mect- ing, 3 M.; banquet, 7 P.M. The business meetings were both held in the Chemical Laboratory. ‘The first meeting was presided over by Vice President Byron DD, Halsted of “yr; second meeting by Vice The two meetings were occupied with hearing the President Richard Plaigch of “Oo. reports of various committees, appointment of committees and the passage of resolutions, several of which will be given in full below. that MM. Brooks of "73 was very ill, the result of an Word was received Ransom imprisonment in’ Andersonville during the late war, passed by the association, and more than one hundred dollars raised upon the spot for the aid of Mr, Brooks. Messrs. J. 5. Tibbits Resolutions of sympathy were of “93 and Dustin C, Oakes of “74 were appointed to convey the gift to Mr. and Mrs, Brooks. The following shows how the gift was appreciated: Lyons, Micn., Aug. 17, 1885, Messrs. FS. Tihébits and D.C. Oakes, Kixp Friexnps:— We wish through you to express our most grateful thanks to the professors of the College, to the classmates of “73 and to the members of the Alumni Association of the Michigan Agricultural Collewe for their kind and @enerous remem- brance of Mr. Brooks in his time of sickness and need. The thought of your kindness and sympathy will brighten many otherwise weary hours. We ean only pray that Groxl Will bless you and help vou in every time of need and hour of trial, and hope that the time may come when we mew meet with vou Words cannot convey an lea of what we feel, and wid express persorudly our thanks, we can only say again, Grd bless vou! Mer. AnD Mars. Raxsow Mi. BarooKs., Amone others, Dr, Tfalsted. the chairman, appointed the following committees : Qn nominations Messrs. Davenport, “75, Taylor, "70, Holliday, 3, W. WLR eynolds, iss I. Re. Sraith, "8. Qn resolutions. Messrs. D. Strange, "67, O.1. Gulley, “7q, Jay Sessions, ee Committee on Kedzie memorial.Messrs. Shelton, "71, W. W. Daniels, “og, Parr, “yo, C. 1. Ingersoll, “74, and Mrs, M. J. Carpen- ter, “St. Committee to draft paper on labor system Messrs. ©. Clute, “b2, W. uA, Rowe, °73, L.A. Lilly, °77. The committee on nominations made the following nominations : President, 2. M. Shelton, "713 viec presi- dents, W. LL. Carpenter, “75, C. E. TTollister, ‘or, D. CL. Oakes, “74 5 SCCTOLATY, lS. Kecl- aw, “773 orator, G. A, Parr, ‘yo: alternate orator, J. W. Beaumont, "S2: poet, Frank Hodgman, “62; alternate poet, J. B, Cotton, ‘86: historian, C. P. Gillett, "S43 alternate historian, Mrs. H. T. French, “87. During the meeting, since this year is the twenty-fifth year of Dr. Kedzie’s connection with this College, it was decided to appoint acommittee of five to consider the matter of presenting the doctor with some testimonial. | The Alumni Association has considerable faith in the value of the labor system as carried out at this College. A resolution declaring their faith in the system was carried by the association unanimously, resolved to appoint a committee of three to Then it was draft a paper giving full particulars concern- ing the labor system of this College, Various resolutions were passed expressing the pleasure with which the association sees the growing strength of its Alma Mater and the many improvements in her surround. ings and equipment ; the debt of gratitude to the founders of the College, to the Board of Agriculture, the able faculty, and especi- ally to Presidents Williams, Abbot and Wil- lits for the College, declared to be one of the State’s most useful institutions ; the heartfelt loss of the association in the death of Prof, J. C. Holmes, the first professor of horticult- ure at this College ; a request that Prof, A. N. Prentiss of *61 prepare for the next tri- ennial reunion of the association a paper on | the life and character of Prof. Holmes, and on his eminent services in behalf of this College ; a request for a paper on ex-Presi- dent Williams at next reunion ; the affection- ate remembrance of Dr. Manly Miles, the first professor of agriculture at this College, for his eminent ability and sterling enthusi- asm in education, and for his great useful- ness in laying the foundation of the labor system at this College; a resolution urging upon all students not completing the course, a continued zeal in advancing the well-being of the College, and welcoming them to all meetings of the association, Tue Srecutum derives much pleasure from the following resolution of the Alumni Association : Flesolved, That in Tur Sprecutum the Alumni recognize an ably conducted journal, whose regular visits, bringing to us news of friends old and new, and of the constant improvements made at this College, are most welcome ;. and that we urge upon all Alumni, upon all undergraduates and upon all friends of the College to give to Tur SprcuLum in every way a generous support. Other resolutions are given below. fesolved, That we remember with thank- fulness and high appreciation the long and faithful service of Dr. T. C. Abbot, ex-pres- ident of this College; that we recognize his deep and lasting influence in shaping our lives to higher issues ; and that we extend to him and to his family our warmest sympathies in the severe illness with which he is afflicted. Wiuereas, We recognize the persevering and untiring efforts of our sister Alumnz in completing the course here under the many disadvantages of the present; and Wuereas, There are many more daugh- ters of this State who desire to participate in the opportunities offered by this College for a scientific and practical education ; therefore be it Resolved, That it is the sentiment of this association that the State should make more suitable arrangements for receiving them into oursCollege. Fesolved, That it is the duty of all mem- bers of the Alumni, both to themselves and to the State, to take such an active interest in the affairs of this College that they shall be ever watchful for its welfare. _ About seven hundred persons congregated in the Armory to listen to the literary exer- cises of the Alumni Association, cises were much appreciated, especially the college songs furnished by the College Glee Club, one of which was encored. Below is the program of exercises. Music, Glee Club; introductory address, Vice President B, D, Halsted, "71; music, bass solo, R. H. Stanley, ’91; oration, “* The Ordinance of 1787,” F. E. Robson, 778 ; music, tenor solo, L, W. Hoyt, "82; history, Mrs. M. J. Carpenter, 81; music, quartette. The exer- ZZ THE SPECULUM. The banquet held in College Hall was a thorough success. The music was furnished by the College Glee Club, eannot be given the Glee Club for the part Too much praise that they contributed towards the entertain- ment, The music rendered, consisting of old college songs, had the rare merit of being in perfect harmony with the occasion, Hon. Henry A. Haigh of “74 was ‘Toast Master. The toasts were as follows: Old College Days, Daniel Strange, *67 ; College Days of the Present, C. 3. Waldron, | “S73 Sister Institutions, I, M. Shelton, 71: | Freshman Rhetoricals, Prof. E.J. MacEwan; | Prodigal Sons, G. E. Breck, “9 Doecked, W, Future, Pres. Edwin Willits. S:; Being a ree SCLENTIFIC, us Se ee ee ee SS = — The following is from Prof. Cook's article on * Microscopie Tests of Tloney,” as pub- lished in Gleanings in Bee Culture of August 15: I made, the past winter, a carcful investiga- tien of the whole subject, and am led te doubt the existence of a sure test for honey, either chemical or by aid of the polariscope. As vou doubtless know, there are two kinds of sugars — cane, and the e]ucose rOup, OF The latter are because they reduce the copper sulphate, when made stronely alkaline by reducing suears, so called caustic potash, Of the reducing sugars we have the glucose of our factories, honey, liver sugar, digested starch, ete. The chemist using the copper test as given above calls all these sugars identical, simply because they vive the same reaction with copper sulphate. Tf they are the same, why will the bees forsake commercial elucose for honey, or why will they cic on the purest commercial glucose and thrive on good honey ? Cane sugar will not reduce the copper salt, and wheneaten by animals it must be divested to be absorbed and assimilated. Thus when we eat cane sugar we do what the bees do with convert it inte a reduc. Weeki ww IF. Hoyt, “833 Alma Mater’s » SLEEP. | taluty, ing sugar, very likely the same as honey, Indeed, the cane sugar in nectar often equals in amount Nectar contains cane sugar, all the other sugars put together, Analyses show, however, that the amount of cane sugar in nectar varies. bered : Let this be remem- fhe amount of the different sugars varices fn dhe nectar of different flowers, Acain, as the hee sips nectar it is mixed with the secretion from the racemose glands of the head and thorax, and this acts like our own digestive secretions on the cane sugar, and changes it to reducing sugar. Now sup- pose the bees are gathering very fast from the basswood, for instance, where a single colony may gather over twenty pounds per dav; does it stand to reason that they can digest this nectar as perfectly as though they were githering from some source where they secured their stores in mere driblets ? Thus in such cases of very rapid gathering the digestion would be less perfeet and the honey May not sweetness of would contain more cane sugar, this account for the marke basswood honey ? Tn this connection it is suggestive that, in the various analyses which have been mucle of honey, the amount of came sugar varies, “This, T find the analyses generally sive from one to three per cent. of honey as cane sugar, Wet not infrequently the amount equals five or six per cent. while In some cases twelve and even sixteen per cent. of honey has been found to be cane ffere, then, mark the secoud wucer- Gitng fo more or fess rapid wath- cringe the diewestion of nectar is more or fess perfee?. cine star, and would report adulteration, The chemist then woulel tine much When the honey was entirely pure, right from the bees, anil through them from the flowers: hut owime to mperfeet digestion the cane Suerayr Wouls 4 ery prominent, hat [ad a honey would be sweeter than though more reduced or tlivested, and so mieht have hieher intrinsic vilue., We see then that the chemist cannet tell us thsolutels whether honey is alultersatec orvet. Phere ts reason te believe that ahso- THE SPECULUM. 23 lutely pure honey has been pronounced as probably adulterated. The chemist was hon- est and able, but did not understand the whole question or its many difficulties. But what of the polariscope test? This test depends upon the property of various substances to deflect the rays of polarized light to the right or left, Thus, cane sugar changes the polarized ray to the right; so does dextrose, one of the reducing sugars of honey. On the other hand, levulose, another of the elements or sugars of honey, bends the ray strongly to the left. Dextrose and levulose are often called invert sugars; for when cane sugar is heated with a min- eral acid like hydrochloric it is changed to dextrose and levulose. Glucose is a term used to designate all the invert or reducing sugars and is synonymous with grape sugar. Now usually honey rotates the ray of light, owing to the levulose, from two to twelve degrees to the left. From fwe fo twelve, are not these numbers very suggestive? In the case of two degrees there was likely much dextrose, possible aided by not a little cane sugar or sucrose; while in the latter case the levulose was in the ascendency. pose the ray bends wholly over to the right, “Hey, ho,” says the scientist, “ adulteration !” When in fact it was pure honey; but the cane sugar and dextrose were still more pro- nounced. Surely, if the ray often varies from two to twelve, left-handed rotation, we may certainly believe that it will often show a I fully believe that we have as yet no reliable methods to detect Now sup- right-handed deflection. adulterations. I am very certain that adulteration is never practiced by bee-keepers, and is very rarely practiced, if at all in these days, by dealers. By aid of our chemical department we shall soon know the exact truth of the matter. We shall not only test the present methods of analysis thoroughly, but shall strive to find if there is a method which is sure and practical to tell pure honey from that which has been adulterated, Draper's Self-recording Thermometer. As many students have had their curiosity aroused by this instrument when visiting the Chemical Laboratory, a description of its con- struction may be of general interest to THE SPECULUM readers. The parts open to view are simply the record dial and the lever which carries the pen. The sheet, which is renewed every NTT Ey irsetpan * ates c a DA DAN | DRAare® 1) Foul Attra wesul k y BATE TED ibs? E Mii BRAr ER er! ‘ MEW YORK. gi week upon the record dial, is ruled in con- centric circles about the hub which attaches the dial to the clockwork. The circles are ruled at just such a distance apart as to repre- sent degrees on the Fahrenheit scale. Space is provided on the sheet for recording tem- peratures as low as —15 deg. or as high as 110 | deg. If the temperature falls the pen is 24 THE SPECULUM. a 7 a oe drawn towards the hub; if temperature rises, | thrown farther away. [f the record dial and the entire class front of the case of the instrument be removed the working parts will appear as shown in the following diagram : ee Sy $, Je a a © ® The lever #, carrving the pen 9, is pivoted near its lower end, Attached rigidly to this | pivot, and thus controlling the movement of the lever “A, are the sectors /* f° connected to the thermometer strips by platinum wires. PP. Suppose the temperature to rise, this will cause the strips .VuV toe expand the brass expanding more than the steel will cause the upper bar to curve towards #\ slacking the upper platinum wire 7 At the sume time, from the same cause, the lower har will curve in the opposite direction, pulling on the lower platinum wire #*) thus givine the seetors a right-handed retation, and henee carrying | the pen farther from the centre, causing it to The large cirele containing the letters ©, | A, W represents the cight-cday clock which | ciuses the recor dial to make one revolution per week. dial and fittine the huh shown in Pie. 1. ie Ware clock winding arbors, el is the arber supporting the To the left of | the clock are the thermometer strips VON; | the attachment of one isshownat 4. These Frecerd an increase of Lemperature, lf the temperature falls the movement will he reversed, 4S are set screws, allowing the pen lever to be adjusted. Compraritie realines obtained from this instrument with ao standard merenrial ther- mometer, shows it to give fairly securite results, Ata meeting of the chiss of “gr” the following resolutions were adopted: Wiirrvas, Au allewise and kind Father has deemed it best to call away our highly respected and esteemed member, Atbert TT, Warner : therefore be it Aesefved, Vhat in the death of our lite classmate, we have lost a member whe, by his fatthfuluess to cluts ancl his wentitl min ner, had won the friendship aac admiration of ull : fiesofved, Vhat we, as a class, extend to bis bereaved family and. friends im their deep alliction our heartfelt: sympathies, ane strips are compound bears mucde by fastening | The upper bar (nearest the clock) has its steel il strip ot brass hesicde il strip ot steel], side tewards the clock ; the other bar (the lowest one in the fleure) has its brass side towares the clock, that a copy of these resolutions be published in Tue Seecuron, W. oO) Teper, ALGERNON SWhENEY, Citas, Wiietbk Man, Comuntifee of Chass af “oer, THE SPECULUM. 25 Elizabethan England. GEORGE 3. JENKS, ECLECTIC S30CIETY. In 1555 England, weakened by internal dissensions, particularly on the subject of religion, was not in the front rank of European nations, and was in no condition to contend with other nations, an energetic monarch to raise the nation from its low place to the highest, and such a mon- arch she received in Elizabeth, who ascended the throne at her sister Mary's death. Eliza- beth had been well educated and under such influences that she was well qualified to take the throne. The young queen had many things to contend against and many things to do to make a new England out of the old. The manufactures were not such as would be expected of a country like England at that time, and the commerce had not been developed to any great extent. No great advancement in these had been made before her reign, The first great trouble she had to cope with was religion. Her sister Mary had been a Catholic, while she was a Protest- ant; thus two opposite forces were put in motion on Elizabeth’s accession. During Mary’s reign cruel persecution followed everyone not a member of the established church, of which the Pope was the recog- nized head. by Elizabeth, who also re-established the supremacy of the throne in religious matters, She required | Lae ' | started the “ Spark of Liberty,” and tried in Se country, and again was war delayed by diplomacy. Elizabeth was now very popu- lar with her subjects, and to show her power she made her high claims of her prerogative which angered the Puritans, a sect that had arisen soon after her accession, and had de- clared Pope, themselves in no way subjects of the that had no such rights as she claimed, The Puritans, believing the queen all ways possible to be elected to Parliament, in order to prevent her from having supreme power in England, In 1579 they felt bold enough to claim liberty of speech ; but both houses soon submitted to the power of the queen. The Catholics at this time were doing everything in their power to hinder Eliza- beth and to put Mary, Queen of Scots, on the throne, so that the queen had severe laws passed against the Catholics and then against the Jesuits and Popish priests. In 1555 war arose with Spain and the Invineible Armada was sent to destroy the English seaport towns and to carry soldiers to invade Eng- land, Then was seen the effects of Eliza- beth’s reign. an incredibly short time Elizabeth was en- abled to bring against the Armada ships England had no navy, but in manned with the most experienced seamen inthe workl, The Armada was destroyed partly by the Enelish and partly by a storm These cruclties were stopped 2. Freedom in religion being thus established, | England was enabled to make a great ad- held for many years, vancement in learning, commerce and manu- | factures. were those which were best for the country, and she followed those methods throughout her whole reign. Soon after Elizabeth's accession England was threatened by foreign enemies, but, by her diplomacy, Elizabeth was enabled to gain time from them and to put England in a fair state of security. However, France, Eng- land’s principal enemy, again threatened the Elizabeth's methods in all matters | arising on their passage home. During this reign trade had been carried on with other countries, and even the trade of Muscovy was secured from the Czar and This encouragement of commerce was beneficial to the country as well as to the companies owning the ships, inasmuch as Elizabeth could use the ships, if need be, as her navy. She granted patents to monopolies as one way of encouraging trade, but that was so obnoxious to the major- ity of the people, that during the session of Parliament in 1601 the queen abolished the most oppressive patents. Elizabeth died in 1603, having reigned forty-five years. During her reign England 26 THE SPECULUM. still retained some barbarous practices, among which were the star chamber and rack, used in trials, and martial law used to preserve order. However naval enterprises were en- couraged and many discoveries were made, principally in the Western Continent, She also encouraged home manufactories, The greatest thing for which England is noted in Elizabeth’s reign is the literature. During the reigns of the bigoted monarchs preceding Elizabeth’s time nothing of great importance could be written, as only a few were educated; but in her reign everything tended to produce great writers; the lan- guage had been fully established, and the printing press successfully used, so that it is no wonder that amid such influences great authors should arise. This age produced some of the greatest writers the world has ever seen and writers whose works have had a powerful influence on succeeding times. Poor people were numerous in Elizabeth’s time, and the first law for their relief was enacted about 1567: but they were also affected by the prosperity of the country, and their condition was much improved before the end of Elizabeth's reign, The people during this age began to build their houses more for comfort than for protection, and great improvements relating to household The people also advanced in learning. convemences were made. common Eliza- beth’s reign will alwivs be distinguished in freedom of religion, progress of learning and growth of commerce. It was notably the age of discovery. — The first botanical species discovered by the late Asa Gray belongs to the Grass Family, and is common through the North- ern States from Maine to Wisconsin. Latin name is Panicum Nanthophysum. Josh Billings says: “The best medisin I kno for the rhematiz is to thank the Lord it ain’t the gout.” [ts | THE SPECULUM. PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE COLLEGE YEAR, BY THE STUDENTS OF THE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, rs TERMS, 75 CENTS A YEAR; SINGt.©& NUMBERS, 10 Crests, ADVERTISING HATES MADE KNOWN Ow APPLICATION, i All subscriptions will be regarded as continued, unless We are notified to the contrary, If this item is marked, your subscription expires with this issue, BOARD OF DIRECTORS. FHI DELTA THETA FRATERNITY, Ray 5. Baker, Editor-in-Chief, Editorials, Literary Articles and NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, C. BE. WaAtpron, 2 - Science, OLYMPIC SOCIETY, P. G. Ho.nen, - Collerc News, DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERNITY. W. LL. Rossatan, . . . = Athletics, ECLECTIC SOCIETY, Colleges and Exchanges. UNTON LITERARY SOCIETY, WJ. Mrvens, . * - A. Moor, Personals. Geo, J. Jenks, Business Manager, GEO. 5, JENKS, - Asst. Business Manager, Paor. W. J, Bean, | . - - Treasurer = Ss — SEPT. 10, 1888, AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, a WELCcoME ‘92. The opening of another college year brings with it a large class of from its predecessors, by the advancement | new students. Weare glad to welcome them to our ranks, and hope that they may enjoy their college life, so prosperously begun, There is no epoch in the experience of man of so much importance as his college days. His habits are formed and his character js molded and settled. The acquaintances made at college are life-long, and we may always expect to find a man in the same kind of society which he kept while at college, A great many young men in entering do not realize this, and it is to their misfortune. THE SPECULUM. © 24 They regard this most important step too lightly, and are apt to think rather of the | pleasure and excitement to be derived from college life than of the sober, earnest work that is to be done—the only kind that ever shows any results. The true object of the student at college is to broaden his intellect and make mental fibre, not to shirk through his work, and on graduation just succeed in grasping his “sheepskin,” as if that were the | only end to be sought for and accomplished, We hope that there will be no hazing m the College this year. At best, it is but mean and cowardly, a “relic of barbarism,” and we are proud to say that there is a growing sentiment in College against it. — - Society men please mark. There is one thing in regard to THe SrecuLum which we desire to impress upon our students, A college paper is always an index, in some respects at least, of the life, habits and social, as well as mental, status of the students at the college. In other words, we are judged by our paper ; hence the necessity of careful, painstaking work on every sentence that coes into THE SPECULUM. societies to furnish their best men for this work. Let them choose with reference to ability, and not select a man because he may be “a jolly good fellow.” The success of our paper lies right here. Choose good men and let them write and re-write their articles until all glaring mistakes, at least, are eradi- cated. Do not put the work off until the last moment, when haste is necessary, but begin early and do the work well. Send in punctuation are inexcusable, and cause much trouble to everyone concerned. Since Tire SPEcuLUM has become a monthly it is par- ticularly necessary for all those concerned in its welfare to do their work well and have everything ov fre. We urge the | CoMMENCEMENT, With all its excitements, has come and gone, and another class has been ushered forth into the world to try The term examinations were all finished Friday, its metal under new surroundings. August oth, and the Olympic Society opened the festivities with its banquet which was held that evening. Saturday was spent as quietly as could be expected considering the amount of suppressed excitement among the students, some of whom were soon to Sun- day was a beautiful day and at two in the At half past two the crowded room turned expectant graduate and others to return home. afternoon the Chapel began to fill. | eves towards the doors through which came the class of “SS, in single file, headed by its ladies, and took its place near the rostrum which was beautifully decorated with foliage plants. Music was furnished by a quartet from Lansing and the devotional exercises were led by Rev. C. H. Beale of that city. The subject of President Willits’s Baccalau- reate address was “Gifts and Bribes.” For over an hour he held the undivided interest of his audience with the deep thought and care- It has called forth many words of praise, and those who ful illustrations of his address. heard it will long remember the discussion. In the evening a fair-sizecdl audience heard / an address on “ Unwritten History” by Mr. | James G. Inglis of Saginaw. owas deliveredl particularly to the members This address of the Young Men’s Christian Association under whose supervision it was. On Mon- day many of the students went home, and those who remained were actively employed | in preparing for the various society banquets, readable copy, for blind writing and poor | and for Tuesday’s exercises. On Monday evening the Delta Tau Delta and Phi Delta Theta Fraternities and the Union Literary and Eclectic Societies held their banquets. Every one seems to have spent a very pleasant evening, which, strictly speaking, extended itself well into Tuesday, Tuesday, 26 THE SPECULUM. as far as weather was concerned, was all that could be desired. Armory Hall was filled with seats facing towards a platform con- structed for the purpose on one side, The building was neatly decorated with ever- greens, flags, colored muslin and mottoes— that of the graduating class being “ Where Duty Leads.” It was tastily arranged above the platform, At ten o’clock the large audi- torium was crowded, and the State Board of Agriculture followed by the class of "88 numbering thirty-two men, took its place upon the platform. Excellent music was | furnished by Speil’s Orchestra and the devo- tional exercises were led by Rev. E. H. E. Jameson of Lansing. The following ora- tions, which space will not allow us to give in full, were then delivered by members of the class. “The Spirit of the Age,” H. B, Cannon; * Accomplishment or Equipment,” Mary L. Carpenter ; “The Mission of America,” L. Cc. Colburn; “Zeal without Knowledge,” IF. H. Hall; “Does it Pay to Seek Wealth,” Mary L. Harrison; “Obedience to Law,” W. M. Munson; “Shakespeare’s Manli- ness,” W. A. Taylor, “Science and Practice of Agriculture,” Geo, L. Teller. Music was generously interspersed. At the close of the orations President Willits gave a short address to the graduating class, after which came the conferring of degrees. As the class and audience arose to receive the benediction those present couldn’t help feeling that this was a fitting close for four long years of study and work—a reward, in one sense, for duties well done. At two o'clock the grad- uating class and their friends gathered in the chapel, from which the seats had been removed, to partake of the class dinner, About two hundred persons were present, and the affair was very successful. After due respects had been paid to the repast President Willits, who officiated as Toast Master, arose, and after a short speech, pro- posed the following toasts: Class of °88,” responded to by Mr. Geo. | residence, F. Stow ; “Our Alma Mater,” by Mr. Clark Hubbell; “Our Sister Colleges,” by Prof. Knight of Oberlin College ; “Our Faculty,” by Dr. R. C. Kedzie; “Why I leave My Alma Mater,” by Prof. L. H. Bailey, Jr.; “Our Honored Alumni,” by Rey, O. Clute of the class of "62, At five o'clock occurred the reception by President and Mrs, Willits at the President’s A large number of persons were present, and everyone enjoyed the afternoon, [In the evening a large audience gathered in Armory Hall to listen to the class exercises. The music was all very good, and especial praise should be given to the Glee Club, Herbert I. Harrison read a history of the class of “SS, in which was related many amusing incidents, especially those occur- ring in the freshman year. The class poem was delivered by Mr. Henry Thurtell, and the oration by Mr. N.S. Mayo. Mr. A. B. Cordley read the class prophecy, foretelling the weal and woe of the members of the class. Harrowing in the extreme will be the fate of some of the unlucky members, while others rejoice under a load of good prophe- cies. Mr. J.C. Stafford read some very sur- prising statistics regarding “58, some of which stretched our imagination almost to the break- ing point. Mr. J. N. Estabrook, in his presi- dent’s address, spoke of the bright future of the class, its last sad farewell to its Alma Mater, and of the pleasant days spent at College. A class meeting and informal hop followed the exercises. With the day the history of *S8 as a College class was forever We shall miss them in our sociec- ties, in our student meetings, in athletics and finished, in all places where stalwart, hearty, hard- working men were wanted. Yet we are proud of them as Alumni, and we know that many of them will make their mark in the world, and we shall be proud to say of them “They were students of the Michigan Agri- cultural College.” Wednesday was devoted to the exercises of the Alumni organization, which are reported elsewhere. THE SPECULUM. 29 COLLEGE NEWS. ——— Need rain. The lawns are turning yellow. The Veterinary Museum lately received several specimens. Seventy-eight freshmen have been classified and five were rejected. There are about forty Sophomores working in Farm department this term. Mr. Burnett of ‘gt got three of his fingers on his lelt- hand badly mangled while cutting ensilage. The flower garden isin a fine condition now, and many visitors come here every day to see it. Miss Harrison resigns her position as assistant librarian, and goes to the school for nurses in Detroit. The twenty-nine varieties of potatoes grown on the experimental plats will yield a very fair crop of fine tubers. Messrs. Lake, Steward and Lodeman, during vaca- tion, sailed from M.A, C, to Lake Michigan, Time, one week, Mr. Maynard, Professor of Horticulture in the Massa- chusetts Agricultural College, was on the grounds August 23. The museum has just received from Northern Minne- ‘s0ta a fine specimen of a caribou or reindeer, which is being mounted. Mr. Osburn, Professor of Horticulture at the Iowa Agricultural College, spent a few days at the College just at the close of last term. Ridpath's History of the Civil War, 3 vols., and Comte De Paris's History of the Civil War, 4 vols., are now to be found in our library. Mr. Holdsworth is making some fine drawings to illustrate Dr. Beal's reports for the State Forestry Commission on Succession of Forests. Mrs. Nellie Kedzie, Professor of Domestic Economy at the Kansas Agricultural College, spent most of her vacation visiting Dr. Kedzie's people. The frost did some damage here a few nights ago, ‘The squashes, melons and cucumbers were killed, thus rendering the experiments of no avail. Miss Abbot, daughter of ex-President Abbot, has been chosen by the State Board as librarian, to fill the place made vacant by Mrs. Carpenter leaving. Students have an excellent opportunity of studying the beef producing qualities of the different breeds of cattle in the steers found in the Experiment Barn. Until this term psychology has not been taught at the ‘College for some time. We have a good class in it this term, and all seem to like the study very much. Abbot Hall, named in honor of ex President Abbot, was dedicated Wednesday, August 15. The exercises were conducted by Rev. Mr, Clute, a graduate of '62. We are proud of the boys of "88. We are glad that so many of them have been retained at the College, because they merit the positions they were called to fill. A valuable Shorthorn cow, weighing 1,700 pounds, died September 1. The result of the post-mortem examination by Dr. Grange was that the cow probably died of blood poisoning, The Sophomore class has elected officers as follows: President, Samuel K, Boyd; vice president, A. J. Gor- don; secretary, H, H. Doty; treasurer, C. J. Weide- man; marshal, C. J. Cook. The steers on the farm, which have been fed for the purpose of testing the beef producing qualities of the different breeds, will be exhibited at the State Fair and at The Chicago Fat Stock Show, Professor Taft will place on exhibit at the State Fair specimens of all the oddities and peculiar plants which are to be found in the Horticultural department. There will be but a small exhibit of fruit from the College this year, Young men, enter ye in at the front door of Abbot's hall and ye need have no fear, but whosoever climbeth upand entereth in through a window, and when the master cometh taketh refuge in a closet, ye shall have curses rained down in torrents upon your heads. Mrs.W. J. Beal, Miss Jessie Beal and Katie Cook spent several days during vacation visiting friends near Devil's Lake. They attended a farmers’ picnic held at Devil's Lake, where they listened to a very interest- ing address by Mrs. Perry Mayo on Monopoly. She is the mother of Mr. Mayo of 'S8. President Willits lectured to an audience of 7,000 at the Grand Ledge picnic, and had an audience of 15,- ooo at Whitmore Lake. The subject of his lectures was, Land and Population. President Willits declined six invitations to speak at farmers’ picnics during vacation, The President and his wife spent one week of the vacation at Whitmore Lake. The experimental work with ensilage on the Chem- ical Department began August 25. Samples of corn are cut each Saturday and left to wilt till Monday when fresh samples are cut, and the two lots cut up separately with a hand cutting-box. A portion is then dried for analysis and the remainder put into casks to form ensilage for analysis in the winter, A compari- son will then be made of its feeding value with that of the original fodder. One hundred and fifty tons of ensilage will be stored in the silo on college farm this season. Dr. Kedzie has just returned from the Experiment Station at Grayling, bringing with him samples of the soil and specimens of eight different kinds of plants raised there thissummer. As all eyes are now turned with interest to the experiments which are being made at the station on this heretofore condemned sand, we give the names of the different kinds of plants, the average height and the period of growth. This will enable those who are acquainted with the plants to form something of an idea of what can be done on the 30 THE SPECULUM. — ————— i soil,and under adverse circumstances; for there has been only three showers since the seeds were sown. The séeds were sown the first of June on new land and the plants were pulled August 31. Spurrey 16 inches high, alfalfa 20, Hungarian 24, millet 24, June clover 6, mammoth clover 6 to 15, vetch r2 to 15, yellow Jupine totoia, The alfalfa and the vetch have very throughly covered the ground, Specimens of the plants and samples of the soil on which they were grown will be placed on exhibit at the State Fair. List of machines made by the students in the iron shop to be exhibited at the State Fair: One 13-inch Turrett lathe, one 15-inch engine lathe, one 12-inch engine lathe, 48-inch pattern-inaker's lathe, ome im: proved bench lathe for wood-shop, 25-horse power engine, two three-horse power engines, and quite a large number of smalltools. All machines to be run- ning when on exhibition. The work under construc- tion at present: One boring bar with sliding head fed by afeed screw running along the bar. The sliding head is fitted with two feathers, which slice in grooves provided in the bar. [tis obvious that the bar will, in consequence of its rigidity, take out a much heavier cutthan would be possible with any boring tool, and furthermore, there being four cutters they can be fed up four times as fast as would be possible with a single tool er cutter. One rz-inch engine lathe, two wood lathes and grinding attachment for lathe, all under way. A blacksmith is emploved in the alter- noon ta take charge of the blacksmith shop, so as to relieve the foreman inthe iron shop, there being forty- eight students in the latter shop. LILKARY MOTES, The new catalogue case made by the students is a very convenient addition to the library furniture. Since our Jast issue the walls of the library were whitened and a tasteful frieze and moulding put up. Two cases are to be placed at right angles to the cases now in the back alcove; these, with a third case between cases TV and V, will make room enough for some months to core. The library is open fromm S toe f2 A. ML. 7 to f P.M. and 7 tog Ph. M., five dayvsinthe week. Saturday it is open from Sto 124. M. and froma to §:30r.M. Sune days open from tote 12 A. M. The Experiment Station library is forthcoming, English, German and French packages on the way from New York, and American books are already here as faras they have been found; many works ordered are out of print and searce, A great many books are being sectired through ex- change with other libraries. The Experiment Station library is buying comparatively few books not already in the main library. There will now be a chance to vet a book to use, heretofore one copy hardly went around a class. Some misunderstanding seems to exist about the use of keys. The library being open sixty-six and one-half hours a week, the public ought to be able to SS do its work without asking personal favors of indi- viduals who have kevs for their own personal use only. A holder of a key may introduce and show through the library any stranger asking admission. He may bring into the library any member or mem- bers of his own family or any one visiting him. He may bring for special instruction any student in any class which he teaches. He must not lend his key to “his uncles ner his cousins nor his aunts’ mer his daughters nor his sens, nor his servants, Wor to amy one whosoever. PERSONALS, As Tue Seecunoun circulates widely among the alumni of this College, it is aimed to make this de- partinent of much interest to them. ATL persons hav: ing items of interest concerning any of the alumni, their occupations, etc, will oblige by forwarding to Personals Miditor, SPECULUM, ‘OF. H. H. Jennison is firming at Eagle tite A. G. Gulley of South Haven is recovering from his Wliess resulting from sun-stroke last summer. "tery, James Satterlee is now traveling salesman for D. M, Ferry & Co., of Detroit. "TL. Frank A. Sessions is cashier of First National Bank of lonia, Mich.; he has held that position simce reso, He is also somewhat interested in farming and in other enterprises. He is, and expects always to remain a Republican and a protectionist, consequently he ts for Harrison and Merton this fall. ‘7a Ransom M. Brooks, who has been farming at Lyons, is confined to his lel by illness resulting from = im- prisonment in Andersonville during the Rebellion, Wirnut "743. Dr. J. K. Gailey is practicing medicine in Detroit. Wir ‘78. Rutherford P. Hayes is teller in the Savings Hank of Fremont, Ohio. “SI. C OW. McCurdy is now Professor of Biology in the Wines High School, Winona, Minnesota. He likes his position very well. The highschool is a new one and well fitted up. Professor MeCurdy’s depart- ment has just received $3,000 worth of new appliances, His lecturing room is larger than Dr. Kedste's here. A.B. Turner has taken the principalship of the Burr Oak schools for next year. "Aa. Professor LL. Hi. Hailey sailed for Europe, August 27. John P. Evert, Superintendent-elect of the Mendon schools, has been chosenas aamember of the St. Joseph County Goard of School Examiners. Writ 'S2. Frank E. Lodeman is in Saxony, traveling for his health. THE SPECULUM. an "S33. Prof, Allen C. Redding has been spending part of his vacation at Bangor, Mich., whither he went after the alumni reunion. WITH 'S3. Park P, Nelson Fletcher on August 15 at the residence of the bride's parents at Taylor, Mich. Mr, and Mrs. Nelson will reside at Ann Arbour after October 1. "84. Orel C, Hershiser keeps account of 84 boys for the next three years. J. D. Hill intends to practice law at Bryan, Ohio. | Warren DD. Barry is U. S. surveyor at Salt Lake City. Michitaro Tsuda is secretary to the Prime Minister of Japan. Colon C. Lillie has been engaged as principal of the Coopersville High School for another year. His farm is conducted upon the principles he learned at M.A. C. Of course it surpasses his neighbors’ farms. "BS. T. D. Hinebauch is with Dr. Sutton of Kalamazoo, practicing veterinary. "BG, Joseph B. Cotton expects soon to open a law office in Duluth, Minn. Before leaving Indiana, he expects to stump Noble county for Protection to American manufacturers, Harrison and Morton. H. Jenner is clerking in a drug store in Allegan, Charles Lawson recently took a trip to Duluth, WITH "86. Fred Rogers is loan agent at McAllister, Kansas, and is doing well. He recently visited his home in Holloway, Lenawee county. ‘ST. George Hume is in Washington Territory. He is spending his time cogitating and teaching school. For recreation he indulges in such light literature as Shakespeare's Dramas, and Olney’s Calculus. Guy Arnold is farming near Allegan, Coie L. Himebaugh takes the grammar department of the Burr Oak schools next year. H. W. MacArdle will teach in the Homer schools next year, WITH ‘87. Guy E. Drew has recently returned from California | Detroit Business College. and is now at his home near Three Oaks, Mich, "BE. ber I. W. M. Munson is studying practical horticulture down in the Peach Belt. Miss C. L. Harrison has gone to Detroit to study at Harper Hospital. At the home of the bride's parents, Arlington, Mich., | on the afternoon of August 21, Mr. lsuke C. Colburn to Miss Mary Schermerhorn, the Rev. A. B. Cochran wis married to Miss Dimmie | of Bangor officiating. Frank Hall had the pleasure of being ‘‘ best man.” Among the gifls wasan elegant marble mantel clock, surmounted by a bronze figure. The clock bears on its back the inscription, ‘‘ Compli- ments of the classof's5,M. A.C." Mr. and Mrs. Col- burn left onthe evening train for Gravling, Mich., where. they have their future home, and where Mr. Colburn teaches next year. A long, useful and happy life to the new firm. Frank J. Free called on college friends September 2. Heisat present farming with Charles Whitmore of 'S7, two miles south of Lansing. Wire ‘88. Herbert Thurtell intends to enter Ann Arbor this fall to study medicine, During the last vear he has been teaching atthe Allouez Mine, Keweenaw county. F. M. Ambler has been clerking in his father’s drug store during the summer vacation of the University. He will return to Ann Arbor this month, and will com- plete the course in pharmacy next summer. H. R. Case will study civil engineering at Cornell this winter. Heis at present working atcivil engineer- ing at Sioux City, Lowa. To Will Hannaford of Solon, Leelanaw county, & boy. Wir 789. John J. Howard is working at home on the farm at Tosco, H. J. DeGarmo is at home working on the farm near Muir. Will Needham is firing on the Michigan Central construction train, He wasatthe College a few hours on September 2. WITH ‘9a. James Berry recently took the examination for West Point at Bay City, but failed to get the appointment. He called on his old friends at M. A. C. a few days ago. . D. W. Bradford is head draughtsman at the Detroit Electric Light works. Bert Axford has been spending part of his vacation itt Lansing. J. P. Lockwood is at home on the farm, Marshall, Mich. He is preparing to take a herd of Shorthorns to the State Fair. Albert Finsterwald has lately been attending the Chas. Lewis graduated in January from the Detroit | Business College, and has since been working for Buht Dale A. Smith was on the College grounds, Septem. | & Co., hatters, Detroit. W. A. Fox is principal of the school at Wawaka, Indiana, He intends to return to M. A.C, next spring. WITH ‘ot. J. T. Ashton, Jr.,isin Nebraska regaining his health. F, B. Moore will teach in Noble county, Indiana, next winter, and return to M.A. C. in the spring, He expects to complete his course with ‘gz. * 32 THE ATHLETICS, eee Athletic sports, as yet, have not acquired the enthusi- asm of last term, as several of the most energetic students in this line have graduated. In a few days, however, as soon as the class in gym- nastics is organized, a new impetus will be given to them. The freshmen appear to be taking a great interest in sports; there being several fine athletic fel- lows in the class. To such we would say, if there is any one thing that you can do better than anything else just practice up on that sport, and carry off a memento or medal next Field Day, In this way only can M. A.C. keep up her reputa- tion of being second to noother College in the State in manly, physical strength. The great triomph of the ball team this season was in winning the series of games between M. A. C., Albion, Olivet and Hillsdale, thereby gaining the Col- lege championship of the State. Since Field Day the team has played three or four minor games. The full score of two are given: Owosso ws. MW AL OL, Howell, Fredy 4. ‘Owosso. AW AE | MAL. AID fh POA EB Wright, ccc O19 2 2)) Burnett, the... 646111 Wolverton, pi Oo oo 4 2) Cordley, re foc i258 i106 Shaw, Show. OO FO 1) Canheld, Poe i PT 1 oO Carr, c. foe tO 1 Oy) Clase, tee ee FOS a | Brewer, | be 3207 0 2) Stuck, &, Sa, aed o Su Live, S$. Buses $0160 4) Rittenger, | bo. 7 a Pe to MeArthur, 2b..8 10 1 0 2 )) Weideman, ob. 6 209 7 bo Htath, I. Bice oO 20 0 &)! Morris, 1. £......... Aeon McCarty, r. ff... 50200 0) | Stockwell,ci f..4 42 00 1 Mo 42 514 | wwe 4 182 8:4 68 &@ 7 &#oO OR Chae OF OO oo oF oO ot mf be A seer 49 718 32 4a 8 8 e-E Earned runs=Owosse, 1) M.A, CG. 1 Hose on Inlls Passed balls —Werigghit, 4; (oluesa, 1. Tworlase hits, Chase, Owosso, 3; MN. O., Struck out by Wo verten, 4; Canfield, 7. ‘Three-base hits, Chase and Barnett. Time, two hours, Universities vs. MW. A. C,, Agr’! Coll, Jane 27, MI, AA. ALK EH DPA EB a UNIVERSITIES, ARK BH POAE | McMillan, #b00.6 1729 4 0)! Burnett, db... Oe Uae avne, co ioe i 2 2 oO | Sanda, Ceeeiee coe eeaee 4.08 2 0 Marker ar. Poceeeee hrpoood | Wage, So KRewwee tt Io 2 fh McDonald, 2b..8 2 9 8 0]) Chase food OO 2 00 Codd, Jhecsses eee TRO oe TOLL) Contd dibs pre ene cceeee 41208 6 Booth, 0.040 eee fio 8 4 0)}) Cordley, vr. fi... 4220000 Wilkinson, L f..5 15 7 0 0]) Bulson, 2b. OO 4 Duffy, 1 booed 1110 0 1 |) Stockwell, f..4 01 20 1 Secoth, 6, Sa seeecee hi 20 2 0)) Marris, 1 b........4¢ 0 O90 0 4 AT ASUS a5 27 0 128 46 6 7 FOR Universilics,..... -~2 0 5 2 #0 O 1 I-13 MAL Clee & 0 Oo 2 0 0 1 FE hh Fase on balls, Bulson, Duffy, Left on bises—L niversities, 4: ML AL ©, 4 Struck out—Canfield, 6; Codd, 5. Passed balls—Smith, 1; Booth, 1. Two-base hit, McDonald, ‘Three- base hit, Canfield, Time, two hours, Umpire, K. D. Keyes, SPECULUM. oaunnonemimeenemnen oe a I ra ee! COLLEGES. ay Johns Hopkins will probably be removed to Clifton just outside of Baltimore, in accordance with the will of its founders. Columbia now offers instructions in Sanscrit, Zend, FPehlevi, Hebrew, Biblical, Armaic, Syriac, Arabic, Assyrian and Ethiopic, Among the scholars of all nations who were honored by the doctor's degree from the University of Bologna, were the following Americans: James Russell Lowell, David Dudley Field, Professor Adams and Professor Agassiz. The Yale faculty has passed a law forbidding the use of intoxicating liquors in any of the societies of that institution. It is a wholesome move, and will probably prevent any of the societies from being raided for dispensing liquorsas was done at Harvard recently, At Amherst the examination system has been entirely abolished, and a series of written recitations given at intervals throughout the term at the option of the pro- fessor, has been substituted. This order of things is highly satisfactory to the students, and takes away the custom of cramming, which examinations held at long intervals are sure to foster, Class honors at the end of the course are awarded in accordance with the total average grade of astudent for the whole four years’ course. This plan might be adopted very beneficially in other colleges. ENCHANGES., The Monmouth Collegian would be much improved in appearance by a cover. The Obertin Review contains some interesting facts on its growth for the last five decades, The We Micken Review comes to us for the firsttime, and we welcome it. The coffy Fehe is avery interesting paper, and it contains a fine exchange column. The Avrera, lowa Agricultural College, contains some fine articles on “ Principles of Political Parties," “Mount Vernon,” and “ Thinking: Whatis it?” The number of Fhe Jordhart Monthfy is afine journal, Besides much literary work it contains much of interest to the Alumni and friends of the College. It contains the portraits and sketches of the lives of its presidents. commencement One great fault with many of our college periodicals is that they are defective in certain important depart- ments. Many of them do not contain exchange de- partments. If this department were established in each journal, we would receive more benefit from them and they would be more evenly divided. THE SPECULUM. Rishmond Straight but No, 1 Cigarettes, CIGARETTE SMOKERS w ho are willing to pay a litthe more | Cigarettes, will | than the price charged for the ordinary “trade € find THIS BRAND superior to all others. The Richmond Straight Cut No. 1 Cigarettes are made from the brightest, most delicately flay ored and highest eqet Crom LEAF grown in Wirginia, ‘This is the (1p axn ORGINAL HRAXD OF STRAIGHT Cut Cigarettes, inl was browueht out by wainthe year 1TH. Brew: are of Imitutions, amd observe thet the firm name as below, is on every ys wks borer, ALLEN & GINTER, Manufacturers, Richmond, Va, Also, Richmond Straight Cut No. 1; Richmond Gem Curly Cut; Dixie Chop Cut and Old Rip Brands of Fine Smoking — Tnhacea, E. J. WILLARD, First-class Livery SPECIAL RATES TO STUDENTS. We Aave come ?o stay and widd not be undersold by any shoe dealer tr — LANSENG « Give us a eal aud be convinced. Repairing a specialty, Blanchard & Beebe 112 Michigan Avenue. PALDING’S ATHLETIC pes a, | dithicth Sparta, Arche : rrr Ber ‘Minn, Bade datttow Hagatel tie inet, aastnbon, Cricket, roid 3 nT aging, Croquet, cunmen Fly ¢ tk Pene ‘Ing, Gy mina aae Ee ak te Fi as Tennis, Locrose, “ola, Qual ta, each onnlag, Shooting, Sia ing aod VWoreaill Hang * ‘el tutes governing tie above Bports conthined in the largest [nstrated C atalorua of all kinda of Sport ing sever olfercd, will bo gmniled for 25 ent, wieh aman ne Wren ace ae ccd na ount o wn a prwi Bend for Uota- logue Ko. 22, and mention this sea A. G. Spalding & Bros? St. Chi lng, F. N. ROUNSVILLE, DEALER IN Fresh & Salt Meats! POULTRY AND FISH IN SEASON. 1904 Cedar Street. INTERLAKE BUS|NBSS COLLEGE, 229) 231, URSES OF STUDY.,— 239) 735 o a Every Department Fea of the HIGHEST ORDER. JOHNSON & MINER, Propr’s. Washington Avenue, LAnstnc, Micnu, Commercial Shorthand and Typewriting, Special Penmanship and Normal, r pane 4 7 2 aa Zrs G — | = TS i aw == —+ SEF Bp = = tat ‘a, S25 = 3 A — = 4 — A = = -= el = 2 fF eee Ly wi Ae o Aiso <0 Managers of the Michigan School Bureau. FINE PHOTOGRAPHS co To CASSEY & C0. Over Lansing National Bunk. Special dated to Students. == = — ny =n LEE SENATE Lune bl Roouws? iit Washington Avenue. ee STUDENTS’ PATRONAGE SOLICITED. RALL & MolVER, Proprietors, I'y FL odes, Th. BL oof, Pp. F. OLDS & SON, Manufieiurers of fhe celubrated Cne-Torse Power GASOLINE ENGINE. Also a foll line of VERTICAL BALANCED ENGINES OF from 4 be ta) TDoree.] ower, Works, No, ga1 River Street, Lansing, Michigan J PRENTICE & KIER, MERCHANT TaAILors, H Always curry a full line of i Foreign and Domestic Woolens, MILITARY SUITS A SPECIA LTY, A PERFECT FIT GUARANTEED. 220 Washington Ave. South, LANSING » Micu. BEE- KEEPER’ S GUIDE, Manual of the Apiary, CG | 00 seld since E878, 4,000 sold since May, 1880, 1th 1,000 wholly revised, mi h enlarged, and many costly ilinsirations sede, | Price, by mail, 31.25. Liberal discount to dealers and for Clubs, | | Hegistered Shiropshires and Short Horns of the most fashion. i hbo straias fer snide, A J. COOK, Author and Publisher, Fansing, Mich. | W, RAPLEE, Wholesiie amt Tetall Denlor in JEWELRY, WATCHES, CLOCKS, | Diamonds, Silver and Plated Ware, It Washington Ave. Lansing. REPAIRING NEATLY DONE, STUDENTS FINT? AT GW. FRARY’S STORE A large amd fine line of IN ALL THE LATEST STYLES. THE SPECULUM. Turk Tobacco Store, 111 Washington Ave. Sovth, Headquarters for everything in the line of Smokers’ outfits, All the choice brands of Cigars and Cigarettes. SMOKING AND CHEWING TOBACCOS. Boys, when in town call at the TurK. C. W. DEARIN. BEST GOODS! P RICES THE LowkstT. J. A. TURNER, Successor to A. Turner. GROCERIES! 119 Michigan Ave., Lansing. J. 5S. MOFFETT, DENTIST! Twenty-two years’ experience asa Practical Dentist. The only Dentist in Lansing who is a graduate of a Dental College, BripGE Work or TEETH WrirHour PLATES. GoLp or PorcELAIN CROWNS. Office over Lansing National Bank, Lansing. SHHLY DRUGS, PERFUMES, SPECTACLES. CITY HALL BLOCE, Lansing, Mich. CO. BLATT, Confectionaries, Ice Cream Parlor! AND LUNCIL ROOM, 116 Michigan Avenue East. a a You will find the Largest Assortment of Fine Boots & Shoes \ A. WOODWORTH LIGN. Washington Ave. Repairing Neatly Done. First-Class Livery! — Students’ Patronage Solicited. JIMMY MARKEY. ELGIN MIFFLIN, £adies’ and Gentlemen's Fine Furnishing Goods, 103 WASHINGTON AVENUE NORTH. More of them, better made, finer and cheaper. Am speaking now of my- Hat stock, an inspection of which will convince you that they are correct in style and unquestionably right in price. The light Derby I offer at $2.50 is the best hat ever offered at that price. Neckwear, Underwear, Hosiery, Shirts, Handkerchiefs, in fact anything in the line of gentlemen’s fine furnishings you, will find my place headquarters. ELGIN MIFFLIN. THE SPECULUM. — re ee YOU WILL FIND US Directly opposite Lansing House, in one of the Best Ground Floor Photograph Galieries In the State, We do all kinds of work known to the art, and always try to excel all competition, We shall not allow any photographer to UNDERSELDL Us. We offer Special Inducements to all connected with the State Agricultural College. SAVIGNY oO CHRIST M ADS. College Text Bo Books and Stationery Constantly on Ha Hand. | A Large Stock of Miscellaneous Books, Albums, Paintings, Enaravings, Gold Pens, Wirt’s Fountain Pens, Picture Frames and Wall Paper, at Reduced Rates to the Students. Pror. McEwan’s S1oo Linrary in stock. A. M. EMERY, 113 Michigan Avenue. Michigan ¢ State ¢ Agricultural : College. P.0., Agricultural College, Express and Freight Office, Lansing. The institution has a teaching force of twenty professors and instructors, ane is thoroughly equipped with ; apparatus for scientific investigation, and with mi: ichinery and tools for the use of students in the Departnient ot Mechanic Arts. The Library contains nearly 10,000 volumes, consisting largely of scientific works. The General Museum and Muscums af Bot; any’, lorestry. ‘andl Veterinary are well filled. FOUR YEARS ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE COURSE cree WITT EMBRACES ——— Chemistry, Mathemattes, Mechanics, Drawing, Bolany, Zoology, Velerin- ary, English Language and Literature, French, Geraci, CHE Military facles. a ana working day, except Saturdays. Maximum rate paid for Rates.—Tuttion free. Club hoarding, from $2,00 to $2.50 per week. CALENDAR FOR THE YEARS 1888-9. Summer term begins May 213; closes August 103 commencement August 14. School year Opens Mond: y's August a7. F all term closes NOY crber fa, Spri Wie term (158g be seins Monday, Februar v 25. , For catalogue apply to Enwin Wurrerirs, President, or uexry G, Revnorps, Sec’y. THE SPECULUM The M.C. Lilley & Co. MILITARY GOODS UF ALL KINDS REGALIA SUPPLIES, BAND EQUIPMENTS, AND UNIFORMS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS. Special Inducermnents to Students and those getting up Clubs or Companies, COLUMBUS, OHIO. JOHN HERRMANN, L. Perechant Gailor THE CLOTHIER, 228 Washington Ave. N,, | Headquarters for Fine Clothing Qppoasite Opera House Hyock, Hats, Caps and Gents' Furnishing Goods Keeps the largest selection of fine Cloths a specialty. in Central Michigan. STUDENTS and OTHERS, Give vs a Call! STYLE AND WORKMANSHIP THE VERY BEST 112 Washington Avenue North. es = a a U. H. FORESTER, | JAMES ENNIS, 10 Michigan Avenue, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL CUsTOM MADE Books, Stationery, Toys, Fancy Goods BOOKS ANE SECES TILE BIG WINDOW, WASHINGTON AVE., | “Repair ing Neat y and 1 Promptly Attended to. LANSING, - = = «= MICHIGAN. Students’ patronage solicited, GE: Ow Hh @ COLE. 9 ae CLOCK ON iene a INDOW tne locution of DENTIST, 5. Bb. MORGAN, Jeweler, I MAKE WATCH REPAIRING A SPECIALTY, - Washington Avenue, .- . LANSING, MICHIGAN, Afler securing your work once, T will endeavor to keep your FRANK WELLS, VOISELLE & LAROSE. | AMERICAN WATCHES HEADQUARTERS FOR rows gre zumoos Wall Paper & DOCOTALIOLS. THE SPECULUM. NOTICE .— You are cordially invited to inspect our large stock of Mens and Boys Clothing, Hats, Furnishing Goods ano Neekwear. Knee Pants from four to fourteen years. Men's $1.00 PANTS A SPECIALTY, Yours truly, MODEL CLOTHING HOUCE. 109 Woashineton Avenne., Lansing, Mich. =k Uy R, AT T TUR. or Yr A LARGE ASSORTMENT GF Writing Tables, Desks, Chairs, &¢ ALWAYS ON HAND. EXTRA SPECIAL FIGURES TO STUDENTS. NE. J. BUCK, Opposite the Opera Flouse. ‘PRED SHUBEL, 2, H, SEDINA | IS ADAIR ING gs, Hos an pangs, i ot Be a 210 Washington Avenue, Postoffice Block, - Lansing, Mich, I) S its a Specialty bese Tf you want a good fitting Military . / suit be sure to call on Lawn Tennis Goods, Best Made. | ° “_ T. H. SEDINA. ae yy A. s. FREE'S ‘TONSORIAL PARLOR, icS Michigan Avenue, Lansing, IS THE PLACE TO GET THE BEST WORK DONE! A large foree of skilled workmen always ready to please customers. THE SPECULUM. [ee OOO fs oT, CHICAGO MEDICAL COLLEGE, Corner Prairie Avenue and afth Street, CHICAGO, ILL. Medical Department of the Northwestern University, Session of 1888-9. N. S. DAVIS, M. D., LL. D., Dean. The Thirticth Annual Course of Instruction will begin Tuesday, Septenber '8th, 1888, and close Tuesday, Mareh oth, 1880. ‘The course of instruction is graded, students being divided into First, Second and Third Yeur Classes, Qualifications for admission are, cither a degree of A. B., a Certificate of a reputable Acudemy, a Teacher's Certificate, or a preliminary EXTON, The method of instruction is conspicuously practical, and is applied in the wards of the Mercy, St. Luke’s and Michael Reese Hospitals daily at the bedside of the sick, and in the South Side Dispensary attached to the College, where from nine to ten thousand patients are treated annually, Fees: Matriculation $6.00. Lectures, first and second years, each $75.00, third year free, Demonstrator $10.00, inclading material, Laboratory $3.00, Breakage (returnable) $5.00, Hospitals: Mercy $6.00, for third year students, St, Luke's $5.00 for second year students, Final examination $30.00. No extra fees for private classes ar Microscopical Laboratory, For further information Or announcement address FRANK BILLINGS, M. D., Sec’ '¥, 286 State St., Chicago, IL. ee New England Clothing Store, 116 Washington Avenue, LANSING, MICHIGAN. HEADGUARTERS FOR Clothing, Gents’ Furnishing Goods, Bats § Caps. Suitings for the old and young—Men’s, Youths’, Boys’ and Children’s—always in stock and at prices that defy competition. The Largest, Brightest and Lightest Store, and the best Steck to select from in Lansing. Specialties in Gents’ Fine Furnishings. Don’t pass us by when in want of anything in our line. GOODS SOLD AT ONE PRICE. Call in. Cc. H. HUNTER, the Low Price Clothier, B. F. SIMONS, 104 WASHINGTON AVENUE, Displays the Finest and Largest Stock of ry Goods and Carpets! You will always find Goods as ; Represented, and our Prices at the Bottom. es ee mt R.B. SHANK & CO., The Grocers, OLD LAND OFFICE, LANSING, MICH., ALL KINDS OF STAPLE AND FANCY GROCERIES. Fruit and Vegetables a specialty. The largest Wholesale and Retail Grocery House in Central Michigan, THE SPECULUM, Horsfords ACID PHOSPRATE. Pye peured! iecaoriine de the Ditertions @f aor, PE, Ne. DPbenar sponge re, ESPECIALLY RECOMMENDED FOR Dyspepsia, Nervousness, Exhaustion, Headache, Tired Brain, and all Diseases arising from Indigestion and Nerve Exhaustion, This is not a compounded “patent medicine,” but a preparation of the Phosphates and Phosphoric Acid in the form required by the system. It aids Dieestion without injury, and is a beneticial Food and ‘Tonie for the Brain and Nerves. It makes a Delicious Drink with water and sugar only, and aerees with such stimulants as are necessary to take. Dr. E. W. Hin, Glens Falls, N. Y., saws: “An excellent remedy for atonic Dyspepsia, Nervous and General Debility, or any low state of the system.” Dr. D. A. Srewartr, Winona, Minn., says: “Entire satisfaction in cases of Perverted Digestion, Loss of Nerve Power, Mal-nutrition and kindred ailments.” Dr. G. H. Leacu, Cairo, Ills., says: “Of great power in Dyspepsia and nervous prostration.” Descriptive Pamphlet free Rumford Ghemical Works, Providence, R, I. BEWARE OF SUBSTITUTES AND IMITATIONS.