VYoLumeE VIII.—No., 3.

THE SPECULUM.

rn a ti at ee * ih rl
Agricul TURAL Cou I EGE, Micu , Oc. to, 1888

— . =

Science and Practice in Agriculture.

uGkKO. L. TELLER, ‘S88, COMMENCEMENT ORATION,

Very few industries are older than agri-
culture, yet none have
so little developed. Why?
has not been a due combination of science
It is well known that before

Because there

and practice.

agriculture laid any claims on science, prin-

ciples were deduced which enabled the hus-
bandman to carry on in a rude manner the
That only since this time
That
still there are numerous complex problems
to be solved before agriculture can be placed
upon the footing which she, from her posi-

art of farming.
has comparative progress been made.

tion among productive industries, demands.

By science in agriculture is meant a knowl-
edge of the ultimate principles which underlie
To
determine those principles requires men who
are not hampered by an ignorance of practi-

the producing of farm commodities.

eal labor; men who do not forget that their |

works are fruitless except they can be made
practical; men who do not delight in vague
theories the truth of which never has been
and never can be demonstrated. Otherwise
their results will be like many of those of
Davy, of Liebig and others; worthless ex-
cept as standing evidence of mis-directed
energies; excellent examples of what must
be guarded against by future investigators.

Everywhere in nature man finds himself
surrounded by innumerable evidences of
fixed laws. He sees them in the minutest
grain of sand as well as in the highest
mountain; in the tiniest blade of grass as
well as the giant oak, towering high above
his head; in the simplest animal as well as
the complex structure of man, and the intel-
lect which enables him to ferret out those

| sun to rise and set upon the morrow.
been comparatively |

1
q

SS eS a

_———

WHOLE No, 33.

laws No-
where in nature does he find chaos or chance.
E very phenomenon has its cause which is as

and understand their operations.

| certain to be followed by the effect as is the

In ne
industry is man brought more closely in’
connection with nature and her laws than in
agriculture. In none are more varied and
more complex laws involved, and how can
he expect to arrive at perfection in that in-
dustry or even approach it without under-

In

all occupations he is most successful who

standing those laws wholly or in part.

understands why he pursues any mode of
He his
knowing why, will do much that is useless
To obtain the best
results the artisan must have a thorough un-

action. who does work without

or worse than useless,
derstanding of the relations of cause and
effect which are involved in his work; yet
when he has that understanding he has
nothing more nor less than the science of
his industry.

science then must dissipate crroneous and
superstitious beliefs. Such beliefs are not
founded on a knowledge of cause and effect.
They have their origin in sublime ignorance.
Many farmers are to-day wasting their soil
and shortening their crops by sowing impure
seed because they believe that wheat will
turn to chess, yet scientific investigations have
clearly demonstrated that this belief is false,
Like produces like is a grand law of nature
and no exception to it has been made in favor
of these two grasses. It is science that has
shown pear blight to be caused by a specific
germ which is abundantly reproduced both
within and without the pear tree, and which

must be destroyed in order to prevent the
spreading of that disease. It is science that
showed, at a time when it was of imminent
importance, that Clawson wheat is not in-
34 THE

ferior to other races in its flouring qualities. |

It is a knowledge of the anatomy and physi- |

ology of domestic animals that will enable |

the farmer to guard against the infamous
abuses of his stock by the ignorant and in-
human quacks invading almost every com-
munity. Itis a knowledge of the principles
which underlie his art that will enable the
husbandman to realize that there is more in
farming than mere drudgery,

There is something in an understanding
ef science which awakens the mind of man
to activity. When once he has a taste of
knowledge he has a growing thirst that con-
tinually impels him to further study. In no
occupation are there better opportunitics for
studying nature thanin agriculture. In none
are the rewards of such study greater. A
thousand opportunities for observation are
offered every day. A thousand problems
are presented, the solution of which will
materially aid the farmer in his future work.
But the life of any one man is too short to
study out all the complex laws of nature for

himself, He must look to others for ssis-

tance—-to the chemist, to the botanist, to.

the entomologist, and to still others. Yet
to draw correct conclusions from the results

of their labors; to apply to his industry the |

principles they have deduced, he must under-
stand at least the elements of their sciences.
Suppose, however, he were satisfied to
follow in a mechanical way the rules for
action determined by others. The varying
conditions of soil and climate make it impos-

sible for scientists to lay down more than |

general rules. To obtain the best results
rules to suit his own special needs, vet he
cannot modify them without an understand-
ing of the principles on which they are
based.

It is by experiment that difficult agricult-

ural problems must be solved. By experi-
ment the falsity of supposed truths must be
made known, By experiment new truths

must be determined; and by experiment the

SPECULUM.

correctness and value of principles deduced
must be impressed upon the masses. For
these purposes as well as for detecting adul-
terations, for identifying plants and insects,
and for determining the best methods of ex-.
terminating those which are injurious, ex-
But
The scientific

periment stations must be maintained.
who are to direct them?
theorist whe never did a day’s work on the
farm in his life? “The self-coneeited practical
farmer who docs not understand the first
principle of cause and effect? It is as impos-
sible for the one as for the other, and the
work of either must tend to bring these
stations into disrepute and frustrate the pur-
The
men to clirect experiments must be practical
men but they must not be men who ignore
They must un-

poses for which they were established.

the importance of science.
derstand it and follow its teachings or their
work will be fruitless, Tt is such men who
have directed experiment stations in England
und the most prosperous of those of Con-
tinental Hurope. [tis such men who have
condueted similar institutions in America and
the results of their labors have been, not only
greatly to benefit the industry, but to en-
courage Congress to make an annual appro-
priation of more than half a million of dollars
for the support of government experiment
stations,

From Europe westward to Japan the influ-
ence Of agricultural collewes is being felt.
That they are continually growing in favor
and are receiving much encouragement, both
public and private, is proof cnough of their

importance, [tis for combining science and

each farmer must for himself modify those | practice that these institutions have been

established. It is at such imstitutions that

persons who have served an apprenticeship

under a good farmer, and who have become
familiar with the methods of practice usually
pursued, can fit themselves for judiciously

managing a private farm, or for pursuing a

- line of study which will cnable them to eter

upon the no less important work of deducing
practical truths for the use of those who are
THE
envaged in actual farming. It is at such in-
stitutions that the young ire to receive a
rudimentary knowledge of the scenees in-
volved in the industry, and having such
knowledge that they are to have set before
them, by a miun who is deeply scientific and
broadly practical, a clear and concise ex posi-
tion of the bearing of each and all those
sciences on the industry. It is at such mst
tutions that they are to receive, by word and
by example, a knowledge of the principles
mvelved in the industry, that when they cde-
part, Ww herever their lot may be cast, they
may be enabled intelligently to apply those
principles and make the worth and impor.
tunce of them felt by the surrounding com-
munity.

And when the majority of the farming
class have come to recognize that every effect

has its cause, and when they are capable of |

combining and are willing to combine the
causes necessary to produce desired effects,
then can we look for a full development of

the agricultural Interests af our country,

Appearances Are Not Deceitful.

Ao 1) HARER, OLVAIPRS suckiry.

There is a somewhat prevalent idea that
the world judges a man superficially, taking
him for what he seems rather than for what
he is. ‘That this isa fallacy the thoughtful
who choose to observe closely will readily
concede. Asa rule the world puts the right
valueonaman. To prove this you have only
to look around you, Those within the circle
of your acquaintance who have long held
places of trust.are, as a rule, deserving of
them,

There are many who appear, or try to
appear, what they are not.
classes, according to their motives. The first
appear different from their real characters be-
cause of excessive self-consciousness. Such
au person, who when perfectly at case is an
entertaining and pleasant companion, be-
comes, When in the society of people not

skPECULLM. 35

familiar to him, stiff and formal, and even
ehurlish; or he may, on the other hand, be-
come loquacious. This person, if he could
but let himself appear, would produce an
entirely different and omueh better HM pPressior,

Those of the other class have same motive
for their attempts at deception. “These, alse,
are of two classes. Some have characters or
motives of which they are ashamed or which
they know ave positively wrong.  “Phese may
be termed the vicious. ck conspicuous anid
remirkable example of this class is Shakes-
peare’s Richard ITT. From this prince of
villains are all gradations, To these there
are two warnings: “The most accomplished
villainy will fine! his equal; there is no more
casily duped man than the one whe is trying

to dupe another, as is strikingly illustrated in

| detective servier,

ire,

These form two -

The other class, it will be assumed, are at
heart right in their motives, but labor under
the delusion that they can succeed better by
assluimingy anexterior that is contradictory or
at least that is intended to vive an erroncous
impression of what is beneath it. Among
these are many who are ambitious for popu-
larity or influence. They must appear glad
to see all for whose friendly feelings they
They must smile whether they feel
like itor net. They think they are deceiv-
ing, and this thought reacts on the character
ancl An extreme
development of this class is seen in some of

deceit becomes a habit.

our politicians, und we all know how trans-
purent is the veil that they think hides their
Motives,

People have a faculty of looking through
actions to motives. Most do this by an in-
definable intuitive method; some through
long experience with the world. One may

succeed for a time in covering himself thor-

oughly from those around him, but time is a

revealer from whom there is no escape, His
thoughts and feelings will leave their impress
on his face, and the schemer, with all his
With the
reputation of aschemer fixed upon him, no

cunning, cannot conceal himself.
THE
envaged in actual farming. It is at such in-
stitutions that the young ire to receive a
rudimentary knowledge of the scenees in-
volved in the industry, and having such
knowledge that they are to have set before
them, by a miun who is deeply scientific and
broadly practical, a clear and concise ex posi-
tion of the bearing of each and all those
sciences on the industry. It is at such mst
tutions that they are to receive, by word and
by example, a knowledge of the principles
mvelved in the industry, that when they cde-
part, Ww herever their lot may be cast, they
may be enabled intelligently to apply those
principles and make the worth and impor.
tunce of them felt by the surrounding com-
munity.

And when the majority of the farming
class have come to recognize that every effect

has its cause, and when they are capable of |

combining and are willing to combine the
causes necessary to produce desired effects,
then can we look for a full development of

the agricultural Interests af our country,

Appearances Are Not Deceitful.

Ao 1) HARER, OLVAIPRS suckiry.

There is a somewhat prevalent idea that
the world judges a man superficially, taking
him for what he seems rather than for what
he is. ‘That this isa fallacy the thoughtful
who choose to observe closely will readily
concede. Asa rule the world puts the right
valueonaman. To prove this you have only
to look around you, Those within the circle
of your acquaintance who have long held
places of trust.are, as a rule, deserving of
them,

There are many who appear, or try to
appear, what they are not.
classes, according to their motives. The first
appear different from their real characters be-
cause of excessive self-consciousness. Such
au person, who when perfectly at case is an
entertaining and pleasant companion, be-
comes, When in the society of people not

skPECULLM. 35

familiar to him, stiff and formal, and even
ehurlish; or he may, on the other hand, be-
come loquacious. This person, if he could
but let himself appear, would produce an
entirely different and omueh better HM pPressior,

Those of the other class have same motive
for their attempts at deception. “These, alse,
are of two classes. Some have characters or
motives of which they are ashamed or which
they know ave positively wrong.  “Phese may
be termed the vicious. ck conspicuous anid
remirkable example of this class is Shakes-
peare’s Richard ITT. From this prince of
villains are all gradations, To these there
are two warnings: “The most accomplished
villainy will fine! his equal; there is no more
casily duped man than the one whe is trying

to dupe another, as is strikingly illustrated in

| detective servier,

ire,

These form two -

The other class, it will be assumed, are at
heart right in their motives, but labor under
the delusion that they can succeed better by
assluimingy anexterior that is contradictory or
at least that is intended to vive an erroncous
impression of what is beneath it. Among
these are many who are ambitious for popu-
larity or influence. They must appear glad
to see all for whose friendly feelings they
They must smile whether they feel
like itor net. They think they are deceiv-
ing, and this thought reacts on the character
ancl An extreme
development of this class is seen in some of

deceit becomes a habit.

our politicians, und we all know how trans-
purent is the veil that they think hides their
Motives,

People have a faculty of looking through
actions to motives. Most do this by an in-
definable intuitive method; some through
long experience with the world. One may

succeed for a time in covering himself thor-

oughly from those around him, but time is a

revealer from whom there is no escape, His
thoughts and feelings will leave their impress
on his face, and the schemer, with all his
With the
reputation of aschemer fixed upon him, no

cunning, cannot conceal himself.
action, however ingenuous, is free from sus-
picion.

There is a charm about a person whom
you feel is honest in his actions and who is
saying and doing what he really feels, be-
cause this frankness necessitates his being all
right. No one wishes to expose to view
things he is ashamed of and that will injure
him in the estimation of others. To be hon-
est we are not always to blurt what we know,
We are possessed of judgment which we are
to use here as elsewhere. But we are to free
our conversation and actions from these de-
ceits which are so prevalent. Stop to think
of the amount of deception practiced by
fairly good people, and it is surprising. We
wish to appear to as good advantage as pos-
sible, and we exaggerate our accomplishments.
It seems so easy to give a wrong impression,
and thereby bring ourselves into a better
light.

Some unconsciously conceal
These are the

themselves
from those around them.
ones who complain that the world is unjust
to them, They have no particular motive
for concealment, only a certain shrinking, an
instinet that makes them withdraw into them-
selves.
those who know you best, those from whom
you do not try to conceal yourself, how do
these regard you? This is the test of your
real worth. If these have confidence in you
and respect you, then the world, if you will
let yourself appear to it, will do the same.

It is unwise and impolitic to try to appear
better than we are, for in this we cannot suc-
ceed. [tis equally unwise and impolitic to
try to appear worse than we are, for in this
we are sure of success. Strange as it may
seem, the latter course is somewhat common,
These persons see those around them who
profess so much and do not follow out a
tithe of their professions, that they learn to
hate hypocrisy, and not being able to hold
their equilibrium, are unconsciously thrown
to the opposite extreme. Though this ts a
less repulsive form of deceit than the other,
yet it is deceit, and should be overcome.

the people.

Of these ask the question, how do,

THE S9PECULUM.

st

— = ear PE al eb

Be what you desire the world to think you,
then throw down all masks and deceits and

| stand before people yourself.

The final result is inevitable-—*“ Ever the
right comes uppermost, ever justice 15 done,”
and it will be done to you.

Go South, Not West.

RICK, ECLECTIC S0CIETY.

L. W.

From the time of the first discovery of
gold in California, up to within a few years,
the constant flow of immigration has been
westward, Why this should have been so
is casily explained. It was about this time
that bitter hatred existed between the people
of the North and South on the question of
slavery. The great railroads were pushing
westward and offering big inducements to
But perhaps strongest of all
was the discovery of the rich mineral wealth
in the West. All these causes tended to in-
duce the people to go westward rather than
southward. After the close of the war
however, and when peace reigned once again
inour country, people began to see the ad-
vantages offered in the South, and some
turned their steps in that direction, North-

cern capitalists sitw opportunities for inecreas-

rer rr

ing their wealth, and sent their agents there
to invest money. What has been the result?
The chances offered, though recognized by
few at first, have gradually developed until
now the South, with all its promises of suc-
cess, stands open to all thrifty and industrious
people.

Let us look at some of the opportunities
which present themselves, It is a well known
fact that the South is rich in valuable min-
erals. Perhaps the leading one of these ts
iron ore. Large furnaces are also In opera-
tion, and more are constantly being built.
The farming land is all that could be desired.
Before the war this land was in large plan-
tations, which are now being divided into

smaller farms. On these the average north-

ern farmer, with modern agricultural imple-
THE SPECULUM.

ments, cannot help but succeed. Nor must
we fail to recognize the natural waterways
and numerous railroads. It is these that
manufacturing cities, and facilitate
Already we see this in the large
commercial cities which have

make
commerce.
number of
sprung into existence, and which will soon
become rivals of the cities of the North.

Nor must we fail to take into account the
difference in expense in going South. Many
a young man after completing his education
finds himself comparatively poor, and were

he to go West the expense would be so great |

that he would have almost nothing with |
which to engage in business after reaching |

his destination,
expenses are not so large, and consequently
he has more capital to invest with greater
chances of success.

Let us for a moment compare the present
condition and growth of the “ New South”
with the “Old South.” At the close of the

— and death with them,
to prevent them, and they seem to increase

war the country was left a waste, houses |

were destroyed, and in fact everything ru-
To-day. what do we find? Under the
skillful hand of man, the country has, as it

ined.

were, Sprung into a new existence, leaving

behind all traces of its former condition.

Where were once desolate fields and farms, |

Manu-
facturing towns have sprung up on all sides,
while well cultivated farms with neat farm

are now found enterprising cities.

houses are found in place of the plantation |

mansion or the slave quarters.
done this?
southward of industrious people. Why then,
do so many people go westward and not
southward ?
railroads leading westward have received
from the Government large tracts of land.
It is for their advantage to dispose of these
lands as rapidly as possible, consequently they
boom the West, offer big inducements to the
people, and in fact, do everything to enable
them to get rid of their lands, thus increas-

Our answer is this. The great

ing their own wealth. For this reason many
people have gone westward, lured on by the

What has |
Nothing but the steady flow |

re

But by going South his the first the disease gains no foothold,

37

great offers of the railroad corporations, only
On the
other hand, the railroads of the South have

to find themselves humbugged,

had no such chances, and those who have
gone there have done so believing it for their
own good, and not deluded by tempting
offers of corporations.

Many people have an aversion to the South,
pointing to the ravages of that dread disease,
yellow fever. This is the only strong objec-
tion against the South. But, when we con-
sider that only an exceedingly small portion
of the country is afflicted, the objection does
Again, in cities where
careful sanitary precautions are observed from
This

is unlike the blizzards which sweep across

not seem so large.

our western states, carrying untold suffering
Nothing can be done

in number and severity every year.

The West, with all the disadvantages of a
new country, starting from almost nothing,
has steadily but surely grown into the front
ranks of our great country. And it necessa-
rily follows that the “New South,” which
has none of the disadvantages of a new
country, must be built up and in a few years
become a rival to the northern and western
states.

Feudalism.

JAY BR. MOCOLL, PH! DELTA THETA FRATERNITY.

The close of the ninth century witnessed
a preat-change in the semi-barbaric society of
Western Europe. Great states and king-
doms, once united, now became broken into
a multitude of dukedoms, counties and smaller
divisions, all bound together, as it were, by
social and political relations based on land
tenure. ‘This condition of society, prevailing
as it did from the reign of the Carlovingians
to the Crusades, and attaining its highest de-
velopment in the eleventh, twelfth and thir-
teenth centuries, is known as the Feudal
System.
38

en

Though it was one of the most complex
institutions ever existing in Europe, feudal-

ism, in an ideal form, would be very simple. |

Suppose all the land of a country to be in |
/ and promote self-interest.

possession of the king; on conditions of fealty
and service he divides it among his immedi-
ate followers or dukes; they on similar terms

divide their portions among the next lower |
order; thus the process might continue to the

lowest classes. Although the ideal was by
no means attained, the relations of granter to
receiver, or /ord to vassa/, were similar. The
duties of the /ard or swzeraie were counsel
and protection; those of the vassa/, homage
and support. The estates thus held were
called. fiefs or feeds, hence the name feudal-

ism. ‘They varied in size from a few acres

THE SPECULUM.

fluence on progress, and especially on national
sympathy. It developed prominently a sense
of individuality and not of association... .This
tended to discourage governmental support,

All hurried to become lords and vassals in
their respective classes, and many times inde-
Not only

monasteries

pendently as exacting lords only.
but

churches became

and
of the feudal

individuals, cities,

members

system. Rights, prerogatives, privileges and

fees, as well as land, came under its control.

i usurpation,

The lord may have obtained his sovereignty
over his vassals by voluntary surrender of it
by his lord, or he may have obtained it by
The principal duty of the vas-

sal was military service. ‘This he had to give,

to a kingdom, and from the nature of things |

social and public relations were made depend-
ent on private relations, and political rights
on landed rights.
“land became the sacramental tie of all pub-
lic relations.” By the end of the tenth
century we find the primitive Germanic
society almost completel y changed; territor-
ial interests taking the place of crude, per-
sonal instincts,

parent disorder? Society seemed to be made
up of two main elements, the Romans with
their principles and learning, and the Teutons
with their ideas and customs, There was a
This was considerably due to the disgust-
ing rule of the later Carlovingians, The
bolder duke declared his independence of the

or indirectly to protect himself.
rain had a right also to exact taxes.
In the words of one,
| possessions.

| Spain, England and Seotland,

tle more than a title.

whether it was to satisfy the whim of his lord
The suze-
These
might be in money or in the products of his
The vassal in return obtained
protection, often a no small recompense in
those times of strife between lord and lord,

For three centuries the Feudal System dom-
mated over France, Germany, [taly, Northern
Though all

Why should tl . blished / accepted it, only the nebles and barons at
Thy should the strong empire established | : . . +
Ch ' , & le int | heart liked it; for it afforded them position
vy Charlemagne thus retrograde into ap- | . ; ;

, B . “P| and social advantages not otherwise obtained,

The kings hated it because it gave them lit-
The yoke of the com-

mon classes was harder to bear than it would

king, the more assuming count of the duke, |

‘Their exam-
ple was followea by the less brave, until
there seemed to be a complete social and
political disintegration, and each became,
practically speaking, his own master. The
change was probably accelerated by the
spread of Christianity, accepted literally by
the barbarians. The belief that the world
would end in the year 1ooo had: fatal in-

and so down through the list.

had its defects.
| governments was prevented,

be ina monarchial government.
strong feeling toward personal independence. |. 4 1 ?
ing, together with the Crusades, social and

_ each looking out for its own interests.

This feel-

political revolts, and the invention of fire-
arms, tended to break down the institution
which had so long flourished.

Although it was.the best form of society
that could have been maintained in its time, it
The formation of strong
It was simply
a loose league of hundreds of petty states,
The
division of society into classes made it very
oppressive for the lower orders, giving them
no possible chance for intellectual develop-
ment,
THE SPECULUM.

fee

spread goes to prove its necessity. Although
it was defective, it had its bright side,
served as astep from barbaric socicty toward

our more modern customs. ‘Through its in-

The fact that feudalism was so widely |

It |

a9

making its first appearance in the eastern
cities, Itis supposed to have been imported
from Europe in carpets from Brussels. Like

the others just mentioned of its genus, its

work in Europe is mainly upon flowers, but

culcating influences of independence, it kept |

down the despotic rule of Royalty, It was

in this period that chivalric sentiments were

fostered and developed, only to find expres- |

ston at its decline. We are indebted to this

time for a great impulse given to polite liter-

. 7 age Faas 1 "
ature. “It is to the feudal times,” says Guizot, | public, and that too asa forerunner of a rapidly

‘that we trace back the earliest literary increasing evil,

monuments of England, France and Ger-

many, the earliest intellectual cnjoyments of | 4),

modern Europe.”

= . ——

SCIENTIFIC.

LS ED

Report of the Natural History Society
for September 14, 1888.

This was the first meeting of the year, and |

the large attendance and interesting program
indicated a strengthened interest in the
society.

The meeting was called to order by Pres-
ident Dewey. The first exercise of the
evening was presented by F. H. Hillman,
his subject being “The Carpet Beetle”
( Anthrenus scropkularia). One of the most

troublesome houschold pests is the carpet

beetle, sometimes improperly called “carpet |

moth” and “carpet bug.” This insect be-
longs to the family Permestide, which con-
tains many other insects noted for their

injurious proclivities,

ing but a thin shell to fall to pieces on the
first disturbance. Other insects of the same
genus, A. /epides and A. varivs have long

been known in Europe and Colorado, where

Among these is the | aS its scene of action.

Dermestes lardarius, well known to the | suitable to its taste it follows this up, cutting

naturalist, as its favorite occupation is eating | off the cross threads in its path till, reaching

the internal portion of dricd specimens, leav- |

a new climate gave it anew appetite, and as
a destroyer of carpets and other goods it is
rapidly spreading in the United States.
From the nature of its depredations, and
the pecularities of its life and habits, its
character cannot be too well laid before the

The larval form is that in which we are
most interested, for then it does its
ereatest damage. To see these pests where
they have gained a foothold one has simply
to raise up the edge of the carpet and he will
find the little brown, hairy larve making
the best use of their time in ¢ettinge to some
protecting crevice, As they are not very
slow one must make his observations hur-
riedly in order tosee them, One cannot fail
to recognize this larva after once noting its
peculiar appearance. It is about one-eighth
of an inch in length, each segment having a

The head

almost invisible owing to the thick ring of

ring of projecting bristles. 1s

hairs surrounding it. At the posterior ex-
tremity is a pencil of hairs often equal to the
length of the body. The larva. and bectle
both mimic death when frightened.

No cocoon is formed when the insect
assumes the pupal form, the-skin of the
larva serving as a pupa case. The carpet
beetle usually selects the margin of the carpet
Finding a thread

the other side of the breadth, it leaves it cut

as neatly as could be done with a pair of

they are found eating the flowers of certain |

plants.
The carpet beetle was introduced in 1874,

shears. Not only carpets but any woolen
goods, and it is now claimed cotton goods,
are liable to injury from this insect.

When may we expect tofindthem? The
larva make their appearance in early June
and after feeding at the expense of the carpet
40

go into the pupa state about August Ist,
from which it emerges as a beetle about
October 1st, and continues to appear during
the winter, which is due to the varying tem-
perature of the room.

Various remedies of extermination have
been tried with greater or less success. Some
have found it almost impossible to keep car-
pets and others have done so at the cost of
unceasing vigilance. Some have supplied
them with food which they seem to like bet-
ter, by placing strips of flannel under the
carpet. Others have left an uncarpeted mar-
gin of twelve or eighteen inches about the
room which seems to interfere with their
activity. Kerosene and benzine are objection-
able on account of their odor.

Probably the best method is to steam them.
Three or four thicknesses of wet cloth are
laid upon the infested portion of the carpet
and very hot flat irons are passed over them,
The steam thus produced permeates thor-
oughly the carpet and crevices of the floor
when larvae, pup#, beetles and all have to
yield to the common destroyer-—heat at the
temperature of 212".

Furniture infected by either the carpet
beetle or Simex fectiforia, better known as
the “bed-bug,” may be successfully treated
by removing from the house and saturating
thoroughly with gasoline or benzine, which
is a sure cure for the insects and does not
injure the furniture.

This article was followed by a talk on the
deer family, by Mr. C, B. Cook, who has just
mounted a caribou for the museum.

The Cervidse or deer family is represented
in every continent but Australia, the size of
its individuals varying from that of a cat in
the case of a certain Asiatic gazelle, to the
European elk which is as large as an ox.
The genus Rangifer is made up of A. tar-
andus which is the domesticated reindeer of
Lapland, #0. ere@udandicus the barren ground
reindeer of the Hudson Bay region, and
#?, cartboe that inhabits the wooded tracts of
northern Minnesota and Manitoba, and at

THE SPECULUM.

| that has a comparatively thin crust.

a eee ee os ——— ee”

one time extended down into our own State.
A fine specimen of this last ts the one that
has just been mounted for the museum,
The genus Aangifer differs from the rest
of the deer family in that the females have
well developed horns. They are all well
adapted to the country in which they must
live, being well protected by their color, and
having broad loose-jointed feet that will
spread to a large extent, allowing them to
pass with ease over boggy marshes or snow
Their

' keen scent and remarkable powers of sight

ee

Sars.

|
|

; nic

and hearing, #s well as their habits of cunning
render it almost impossible to approach them,
They cross the rivers in herds, when they
are killed in large numbers by the Indians,
It is probable that the difference between the
PR. greulandicus and &. caribou is only be-
cause the latter has better shelter and food,
and is consequently much larger and better
developed.

The next article was by A. B. Cordley, on
Maple-tree Borers. The maple has about
forty insect enemics but only a small number
are very harmful. Mr, Cordley described the
four that do the most damage, beginning
with the maple beetle, Géycobins spectosus.
This is a handsome black beetle with gold
markings, Its length is about seven-cighths
of anineh, The grub or larva is large, white
and cylindrical.

The next enemy is the /remex Calwméa,
of the The female of
this insect is one and one-half inches long

horn-tails,

with a borer one inch in length.
of the borer she deposits her eggs in the
wood of the tree, where the larvie as soon as
hatched are ready to begin their operations.
The head and thorax are rust colored, the
abdomen black, with seven yellow bands
across the back. The antenna are short and
blunt. with a black band across the middle.
The wings expand two and one-fourth inches
and are brown and semi-transparent. The
male is much smaller, lacking the borer, and
is rust colored variegated with black.

By means
THE SPECULUM. 41

ms see me ee ee

Another enemy, the Chrycodbothris femor-
ata, belongs to the coleoptera. -This-insect is
commonly known as the big headed apple-
tree borer, and attacks many kinds of trees.

The larva is nearly an inch long with an

enlarged segment just back of the head..

The beetle is five-eighths of an inch long,

dark gray above and greenish below with a:

metallic lustre, It lays its eggs in May and
June, usually on the southwest side of the
trees.

The last one described was the .#gerta
acerni. This is one of the lepidoptera. It
is rather small, being blue and yellow with
a fan-like tail. The grub is small, white and
cylindrical,

The maple suffers much from all these
pests and in many parts of the State the trees
have been nearly all killed. ‘The only rem-
edy is the jack-knife and a stiff sharp wire
applied whenever traces of the borer are
found. Where they are too bad it is better
not to plant maples at all, but elms and bass-
woods instead.

The closing paper was on the animals of
the pine plains by Mr. L. H. Dewey. He
described the animals as seen by the party
that took a wagon trip through the pine
plains, of which party Mr. Dewey was a
member,

ANIMAL LIFE IN THE PINE WOODS,

We generzlly think that in the forests,
far from the habitations of man, wild animals
may be found in abundance. The pine
woods of northern Michigan are usually
supposed to be a paradise for the hunter. In
some respects these ideas are wide of the
truth. ‘That there are many species, or that
the species are represented by larger numbers
in our northern forests, are mistaken ideas.
In one day we will find on this College cam-
pus a greater number of species and, aside
fronr certain insects, a greater number of in-
dividuals than we found last June in a two-
weeks journey across the State. The expe-

dition was in-the interest of botany rather |

than zoology, therefore it is quite probable

that some of the less important species of
animals escaped our notice,

The one species that far outnumbered all
others combined and attracted our attention
most, was the musquito. Every evening
they collected in vast assemblies about our
camp, singing to us and remaining to banquet
with us, and every morning long before the
sun had faintly streaked the east, they pre-
sented their bills for the entertainment. The
musquitoes were not the only troublesome
members of the order Dipte:a. The small
black sand flies would crawl through the
meshes of the musquito netting, with which
each tourist was covered at night, and suck
the best blood of their sleeping victims.
Spotted winged deer flies were abundant and
hungry. There were numerous horse flies
very much like those which we have here
except that they had two prominent yellow
bands on the abdomen.

At West Harrisville we found numbers of
beetles resembling the June beetle cut down
to thiree-eighths of an inch long. The lum-
bermen called them “pin worms,” and said
the worms (larve) from which these beetles
grow, bore in the pine lumber. They are
not the true pin worm but belong to the
genus Yomicus. Ina few places we found
a black species of the Curculionide about
three-eighths of an inch long. ‘The inevit-
able bed-bug was found in a flourishing con-
dition way out in the midst of the plains.

_ On the Huron shore at Harrisville my at-
tention was attracted, the first morning we
were out, by the large size of the Wanessa
antiopa. This butterfly was. quite common |
throughout the eastern part of the State, and
especially in the more heavily timbered lands.
The most common butterfly east of Grayling,
or in the valley of the Au Sauble, was the
Papilio turnus,  In-the western part of the
State the Daxais archippus or milkweed
buttery was most common. This was also
found more than others in the midst of the
barren plains. The Pafdlio asterias was
quite common in the deciduous forests of Kal-
42

Se

kaska, Grand Traverse and Benzie counties.

The wings of a large white lunar moth
were found in the dense mixed pine and
hardwood forest of Kalkaska county. Very

f
i

few smaller moths were noticed and not a |

ffadena or Agrofis was seen,

In southern Grand Traverse county were
many tine plum trees well laden with green
fruit. The people owning them said that
they had never been troubled by the curculio,

Very few bees or /fymenoftera of any

A few miles cast of Gray-
a number of large ant-hills
They were dome-

kind were seen.
ling there were
among the jack-pines.
shaped, four to six fect across and one to two
feet high.

There were but few lakes along the route,
but in these few the water was very clear
and teeming with rock bass, green bass and
perch. The AuSauble and the Manistee are
both grayling streams. The grayling is a
small fish something the shape of a perch.
It is very fastidious in its habits, and will not
remain in dirty water. this reason we
did not see any in the AuSauble, which was

‘2 or

kept muddy in all parts by the driving of |
“ ; and two or three loons were found around

logs. The water was clearer in the Upper
Manistee, and the first night that we camped
on this river we had eravling for supper and

break fast.

it is probably its rarity and its gamy habits

It makes a very good dish, but

on the hook that give it such a great repu-
Farther

Traverse county, we found many good trout

tation, west, in southern Grand

brooks tributary to the Gordman river.

During the entire trip we saw a less num-
ber of reptiles than may be found most any
summer day in a two hours walk upon the
College campus. The dense cedar swamps
were carefully explored without finding even
a sign of a foundation for a snake story.
About six miles east of Grayling the rattle
of a massasauga was heard. The scarcity
of frogs and toads, probably owing to forest
fires may in part account for the scarcity of
snakes.

Comparatively few birds were seen. The |

———— = ee

ee ee

i hew to our

THE SPECULUM.

whirring sweep of the night-hawk’s spotted
wings occasionally broke the stillness in the
deep pine forests. Every night as our camp-
fire was lighted, the cry of the whip-poor-
will was heard in the neighboring brush. In
the morning we were awakened by a note
it came from the little
white throated sparrow; the same white
throated sparrow that is found in the Maine

Cala

| woods and of which Thoreau speaks in such

enthusiastic terms. Its note had a very clear
metallic sound that must be heard to be ap-
preciated, and once heard, it can never be
forgotten,
when all else in nature was asleep, this little
early riser would send forth its sweet notes
from the tree-top.
would change slightly, losing just a little of
its metallic ring and having one or two notes
added.

At three o'clock in the morning,

After sunrise its song

In traversing more than fifty miles of bar-
ren jack-pine lands, the only birds seen were
robins and less than a dozen of these. One
scarlet tanager was seen in the Au Sauble
bottom lands, and one sand-hill crane was
seen on the Manistee. A few wood ducks
the little lakes.
Lake Michigan there were frequent instances
This large, black,

red-headed woodpecker pecks great holes

From Grayling through to
of the work of the log-cock,

in dead trees, most frequently in maple stubs,
the holes being often three inches wide by
eight long, and six deep,

Pour footed animals were exceedingly
scaree. A few gophers were seen and chip-
No squirrels
were secn exeept the red-squirrels, and they
looked

rations makes too thin a living for them,

munks were quite common.

lean. Nothing but pine cones for

In the hilly region of Oscoda county num-
There were three
or four beaver meadows on the route, but

no beavers have worked in them during the
last twelve or fifteen years,

Crous fox- holes WOEPC SUCH.

About the only marks of the presence of
deer seen, were the beaten rings among the
THE SPECULUM.

43

jack-pines, which were said by the woodsmen
to be made by the deers tramping around in
them. None of these were fresh enough to

show any tracks. The howling of -wolves
or the-grow] of the bear never disturbed our
peaceful slumbers. We found places where
bears had scratched upon trees. They will
stand by the side of a tree and scratch as high
as they can reach with their fore - paws,
W oodsmen call these “measuring trees.”

- Under the head of “General Observations,”
Mr. Waldron showed a wolf trap, grown into
a beech tree, that had just been procured for
the botanical museum, The trap was carried
into the top of a beech tree by a lynx or wild
cat,as it is thought, and remained there thirty-
six years before it was discovered, The trap
was made by Mr. Orlando Hart of Tuscola,
at Mt. Morris, N. Y., in 1838.

The next meeting of the society is to be
held October Sth.

Report of State Forestry Commission.

The forthcoming report of the State Forestry Com-
mission will contain much valuable matter. Some
account will be given of the results of the trip through
the northern part of the State, considerable upon the
matter of forest fires, and valuable matter on the suc-
cession of forests. Some space will be devoted toa
description of lumbering as conducted in the large
cainps. .

A valuable feature of the report will be a list of
Michigan trees and shrubs, something as to the
amount of pine left, and upon new uses for certain
timbers, showing how those once considered valueless
are now utilized tg good purpose.

One of the finest and most interesting features of the
report will be a discussion of Michigan timber trees as
compared with other parts of the world; as, for in-
stance, showing why Michigan has a greater variety of
trees than England.

It will contain a resnere of the reports from supervi-
sors and others who were asked to state facts concern-
ing the influence of deforestation, causes of forest fires
and whether reforestation is desirable, and what legis-
lation, if any, is needed for this object or for suppress-
ing forest fires. These reports are somewhat interest-
ing, and, withal, often quite funny. One wants a law
to kill land speculators, but most of them want no
more laws.

The Commission will .not recommend legislation,
but will publish what laws we have, and give an ac-
count of what is being done in other states. The
report will be embellished with a good number of
plates showing characteristics of the northern flora
views on the pine barrens and burned districts, as well
as life in the lumber camps. Several hundred copies

‘ will be bound alone, and it will go into the next report
of the Secretary of the Board of Agriculture.

As a whole the book will be valuable, and will be
fruitful of results, if not in legislation, perhaps in
other ways.

THE SPECULUM.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE COLLEGE YEAR,
BY THE STUDENTS

OF THE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

Tenas, 75 Cents A YEAR; SINGLE NUMBERS, 10 CENTS.
ADVERTISING RATES MADE KNOWN ON APPLICATION,

er All subscriptions will be regarded as continued, unless
we are notified to the contrary.

Tf this item is marked, your subscription expires with this
issue, ;

BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

FHI DELTA THETA FRATERNITY.
Ray 8. Baker, Editor-in-Chief, - Literary Articles and
Editorials,

NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY.

Cc. EB. WaALpRON, " = = “ Science,

OLYMPIC 50CIETY.

P. G. Houtpes, - - - - College News.

DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERNITY.

W. L. Rossman, « . - - Athletics,

ECLECTIC S50CIETY.
A. Moone, . “ Colleges and Exchanges.

UNION LITERARY SOCIETY,
W. J. MrYEns, : . - "
Geo, J. JENKS, - : 2
GEO, 5, JENKS, *
FPror, W. J. BEAL,

Personals,

Business Manager.
Asst. Business Manager,
- ‘Treasurer

ar

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, Oct. 10, 1888.

PoLitTicAL enthusiasm runs high in Col-
lege. In fact, we have even more than our
share of the mania. All of the parties are
now represented by well organized clubs.
The Republicans, who have by far the
They
have ordered uniforms and propose to “paint
the College red.” The Democrats haveaclub
of about fifty members. The Prohibitionists,
who organized after the speech by Walter
Thomas Mills, on September 28, have a club
of about twenty members, who intend to
supply all students with “extra dry” litera-
ture. We have as yet heard of no mug-
wump club, but there is no telling what may
not be organized under pressure of circum-
stances. The College possesses a large num-

strongest association, are very active.
44

THE SPE

CULUM.

— ere EE oe

a ———

ee _ I

—— ee

ber of voters, and this enthusiasm is just what
we need. We are apt, in the busy whirl of
college life, to fall behind the times regard-
ing political issues, and an occasion of this
kind is desirable because it imbues our stu-
dents with positive political and patriotic
principles. Half of the college graduates
of this country leave college supremely ig-
norant of the vital principles of our national
government. ‘They have nothing in partic-
ular to inspire them, while at college, to do
the reading and fAivking necessary to be-
come conversant with political topics. Occa-
sionally, of course, there come times of
intense excitement, like the present. Then
the students read and discuss political matters,
but find themselves crippled by their ignor-
ance of the history of the great points in

American politics.

| surprise a short time ago.

Let the College authorities encourage this
No student should think of being without

interest by allowing the members of the
various clubs as much latitude as possible in
procuring speakers and inattending “cdemon-

strations.” .A time of so great general

interest seldom comes in the student's life, |
and he naturally wishes to make as much as»

possible of the opportunity,

W nere, oh where is the champion college
ball team of Michigan ? Echo
There are nine very touchy men

Answers
“where?”
in College not including an umpire and a

manager, Who are slightly more than touchy,

since the game of getting-knocked-out was |

plaved at St. Johns about two weeks ago.
It is an old saving that “ pride comes before |
ying

a fall,” but it continues to hold true especially
in the case of a certain ball team, The Col-
lege Ball Team has never, at any time, taken
a back seat in its contests, but 1f it supposes
that its old successes and honors are goimg to
The

students have always given liberally toward

play its games it is saclly mistaken,

the support of the team, but such playing as

was done at the last game ceases to be com- |

The

weakness of the team seems to le in the lack

ical, and becomes extremely foolish.

of concerted action. Separately the players

are as good as ever, This simply shows a
want of practice, and is something that can
But will it be remedied ?

be remedied,

Ye Board of Editors enjoyed a pleasant
It was in the
shape of a splendid basket of peaches directed
to the “Spec. Board,” and sent by W. A,
Taylor of "SS, who was Editor-in-Chief last
year. It is needless to say that the Board
met and duly considered the peaches until
none (of the peaches) remained.

Tur * Harrow” of the class of ‘go doesn’t
seem to be forthcoming. What is the mat-
ter? We hear that it is to be an exceptionally
ood annual, but the pleasures of anticipation
are beginning to dwindle, and we would like
to see the annual in bodily form. The ex-
pectation now is that it will be out very soon,

one or more,
to get them, for in no other way can so
much general information be gained of the
Colleee.
the Business Manager of the “ ITArrow.”

It will also pay the Alumni
If you want an annual, address

Qwing to an error m the article on the
* Alumni Reunion” in the September Svec-
uLUM, the toast of Professor Manly Miles,
first professor of Agriculture here, was
omitted. He spoke on the subject, “The
Farm when [ found it.”

COLLEGH NEWS.

soma oe - . —- ee a] ——

The State Board met at the College October 2,

President Willits spoke at the county fair at Alpena
October 4.

W.F. Staley of (88 was on the grounds September
28 ancl 29,

Mr. Jay Stannard of '77 spent several days visiting
the College lwo weeks age.

Through the influence of Prof. McEwan, the Library
lately secured several books to be used as aids in Bible
study.

The jasper loses its brightness in the presence of
the diamond. The once bright and cheerful faces of
the junior and sophomore are fast fading into oblivion
under tiles and mortar boards,
THE SPECULUM.

45

The freshman class has elected officers as follows:
President, UP. Hedrick; Vice President, J. A. White ;
Secretary, D. Park; Treasurer, C.D. Bowen; Marshal,
B, A. Hills.

Club F is now running. Mr. and Mrs, P, D. Barnes
of Lansing were procured by the steward as cooks.
The banquet board was spread for the first time on
the evening of the 22d of September.
appropriately responded to by members of the new club,
and friends.

‘The ducking business has been carried to an unbear-
able extent in some of the wards. The public feel
ing is against this practice. If we can not have fun
without resorting to such low and contemptible things
as throwing slops out on those below, we better had go
without the fun.

The Class of ‘gt elected the members of Harrow
Board No. 3, September 26: Editor-in-Chief, John
Potter; Literarian, W. ©. Hedrick; Poet, A. J. Mor-
ley; Statistician, A.C. Sly; Art Editor, C. F. Baker;
Business Manager, Fred W Ashton; Historian, A. T.
Sweeney; Sporting Editor, H. 5. Hopkins.

According to the usual custom of the Y. M. C. A,, its
members gave a reception to the Freshman Class in
the Library Building September 14. After the games
and refreshments the president of the association made
a welcoming speech to the Freshmen, in which he set
forth the objects of the association. Following was
music by the glee club and string band. We hope you
will all remember the words of our president, ‘ You
will always be welcome at our meetings.”

The Agricultural Report of Michigan for 1888 will
soon be out. The two new features of our College, the
Signal Service and Experiment Department, will be
given a place in the report. The Agricultural Report
will also contain the report of the State Forestry Com-
mission, of which Mr. Garfield, member of the 5. EB.
A., and Dr. Beal were appointed directors. Several
thousand copies of the Forestry Report will be bound
and published alone.

Freshmen, please lay your hats on the table at the
right of the door when you enter the library, and you
will gain favor in the eyes of the librarian, All of the
students, professors as well, should remember that the
library is not a debating or sporting room, Every
student, in so far as it is possible, should keep his or
her mouth shut, lest those that are there for business
should be interrupted by your conversation or out-
bursts of laughter. Please carry the essence of this to
the library with you.

‘The Zoological Department lately received skins of
the following animals, which are being mounted and
will soon adorn the shelves of the museum: Puma
( Felis concolor )— once an inhabitant of Michigan and
probably of the College Campus — prairie wolf ( Canis
latrans ), marmots, pouched gophers, several western
squirrels, roseate hornbill and the Florida flamingo.
The last is a bird with long legs and neck and yellow
bill, found on the coasts of the gulf states. It is named

Toasts were .

me re

from its red color, which makes it a striking specimen
for a collection.

Mr. Lake, our late assistant botanist, has accepted
the position of Professor of Horticulture in the Oregon
Agriculture College. He is also assistant in the ex-
periment station at the college; salary, $1,600, But
Oregon is not satisfied yet; she is trying her best to
get Dr, Beal and Prof. Cook away from us. We ad-
mire our youthful sister’s lofty ambition, but she asks
more than we are willing to grant. Dr, Beal and Prof.
Cook were both offered considerably more than they
are getting here.

The Natural History Society, which met September
14 in the chapel, presented to an unusually large audi-
ence an interesting program. Every wide-awake sti-
dent will find much of interest and use to him in these
meetings; they only come once a month, and every
student should attend, because it is original work done
by our fellow students ; besides it is free to all. Many
who do not regularly attend would goand pay 25 cents
admission to hear a man from some other college who
has got his knowledge not by observation but from
cyclopzdias.,

Since our last issue the museum has received one hun-
dred and fifty new specimens. The insects began to
work quite vigorously in some of the specimens in the
museum. The specimens have been taken from the
cases, and the alcohol and arsenic remedy applied
which destroys the insects. Mr. Waldron has preserved
a sample of the powders or dust, which these insects
leave behind them as a result of their work. The two
new rooms which have been partitioned off from the
class room are now completed, with the exception that
two cases are yet to be put in, for the apparatus to be
used in the experimental work, One of the rooms
will probably be used for class laboratory work most
of the time.

President Willits received a squash raised by James.
Rebell on his farm in Sec. 2, T. 25 N., R. 2 W., Craw-
ford county, Mich., nine miles from Grayling Station,
weighing 74 pounds, circumference § feet 3 inches.
Raised without fertilizers, except clover sod turned.
under. Soil was characteristic jack-pine. plain sand.
Mr, Rebell, besides making himself a good home, is
carrying on some valuable experiments. He put out
over 2,000 young trees last spring, and has been asked
to report to Dr. Beal, as to the methods of treatment
and success. Samples of wheat raised in Emmet
county on the same kind of sand, but in timbered
region, were sent to President Willits. Samples showed
an excellent berry.

The American Association for the Advancement of
Science and the Society for the Promotion of Agricul-.
tural Science met in Cleveland, Ohio, during vacation.
Drs. Kedzie, Beal and Prof. Durand were there and
presented papers. Dr. Beal read a paper before the:
A. A. A. S. on the Succession of Forests, also one on
the Comparison of the Flora of Eastern Michigan with.
that of Western Michigan, in the line of Benzie county.
There was a greater per cent. of attendance this year
46

THE SPECULUM.

at the society for the Promotion of Agricultural Science .

than there has ever been before, and it is reported as
the most successful meeting. Dr. Kedzie presented a
paper entitled, ‘Tile Drainage in Relation to Floods
and Drouth.”” Dr, Beal read a paper entitled, ‘‘ The
Flora of the Jack-Pine Plains.’ Dr. Kedzie was re-
elected president. The meeting will be held at Toronto
next year.

The following promotions have been made in the

Cadet Battalion, in accordance with orders published.

October 2, 1888: Co. A.— Captain, Ray S. Baker, "S89;
ist lieutenant, A. D. Baker, 89; 2d lieutenant, D. A.
Garfield, ’89; 1st sergeant, F. M. Seibeit, "89; ad ser-
geant, H. A. Stewart, "89; sergeant, R. C. Clute, "89;
sergeant, F. J. Stahl, ‘89; sergeant, B, K. Bentley, ‘90;
ist corporal, F, B. Stockwell, ‘go; corporal, J. W.
White, ‘90; corporal, J. H. F. Mullet, ‘90; corporal,
C. F. Rittinger, ’90; corporal, F, B. Plimpton, ‘go.
Co. B.—Captain, L. Churchill, '89; 1st lieutenant, E.
A. Holden, '89; 2d lieutenant, J. W. O'Bannon, ‘9 ;
istsergeant, L. W. Rice, 89; 2d sergeant, F. M. Paine,
‘8g; sergeant, W. E. Davis, Sg; sergeant, H, A. Mar-
tin, '89; sergeant, H. J. Hall, 'go; 1st corporal, Gr, F,
Bristol, ‘go; corporal, G. S Jenks, 'go; corporal, J. H.
Hooper, ‘go; corporal, N. C. Smith, '90; adjutant, G.
J. Jenks, '89; lieutenant quartermaster, T, R. McClure,
"Bg.

The Horticultural Department made a very creclit-
able display at the State Fair this year. The exhibit
consisted of one hundred and forty-seven varieties of
tomatoes, nineteen varieties of kale and specimen
plants of orache, ornamental foliage beets, artichoke,
chicory and cardoon, Their space in horticultural
hall was much larger than it had been at previous fairs.
The roots of the plants were bound in dampened moss,
which preserved their freshness during the entire week,
The corner was the most attractive in the hall, especi-
ally to the young ladies, owing largely to the two
attractive seniors, Messrs. E. A. Holden and Foote,
and the amusing junior, Ward, who had the exhibit in
charge, The tomatoes were attractive from their fine
appearance and diversified forms, colors and charac-
teristics. Their soundness brought forth the query

from the visitors, ‘‘ How did you raise them without |

the rot?” The exhibit reflected much credit on the
new Professor of Horticulture, Prof. Taft.

= — Ce

ie Mes eld Ee

PERSONALS.

eee ee ee

Alumni, Take Notice.

As Tue SPECULUM circulates widely among the
alumni of this College, it is aimed to make this depart-
ment of much interest to them. For this reason all
persons having items of interest concerning any of the
alumni, their occupations, etc., will oblige by forward-
ing same to Personals Editor, Speculum.

WITH ‘61, ;
U. J. Baxter, who has.served as Assistant, Secretary
cof the Interior and also clerked for several years in the
United States Land Office, was removed from office

three years ago.
gone insane.

A. E. Macomber of Toledo, Ohio, has accepted the
appointment from the Alumni Association to write for
the next triennial reunion the memorial address on the
life of Hon. Jos. R. Williams, the first president of this
College.

He entered the law, and has since

WITH "62. ;

Hon. Melbourne H. Ford is renominated for Con-
gress by the Democrats of the Fifth District. He has
made a splendid record in the present Congress, and
starts in the canvass under very encouraging circum-
stances.

WITH ‘66,

Oscar Eaton is now vice president of the First

National Bank of Bryan, Ohio.
WITH ‘FI.

Major Fred E. Miller is growing fruit at Charlevoix,
He writes that his health has very much improved
within the last two years.

"74-

Dustin C. Oakes of Shelby is negotiating some real
estate loans for Oberlin College; he writes also, “We
expect to do a good business this year, as fruit is with-
out end: two full express cars of peaches leave here
daily, and the apples are finer than were those of last
year. Plums this year beat the world, Tam doing all
I can to help elect Byron M. Cutcheon for Congress,
Luce for Governor and Harrison and Morton as lead-
I have a wife, one boy, one girl, one cow, six
What alumnus can beat that

CPs.
chickens and two cats.”
record?

"75-

Oscar E, Angstman is a prominent physician in De-
troit; he is connected with Harper Hospital.

B. A. Nevinsis a hustler in the g. o. p.; he is a mem-
ber of the Congressional Committee of the Fifth Dis-
trict.

‘7b,

J. D. Stannard was at College a few days ago. He
will soon return to Greeley, Col., where he owns and -
works a farm.

J. A. Hartman visited the College recently.

S, P. Tracy was recently married in Detroit, He is
now practicing medicine at Sault Ste, Marie.

vie
Chas, Bloodgood, M. D., has removed from Frank-
fort to Kalamazoo.
tae,
H. F. Buskirk hurrahs for Harrison and Morton,
He was a delegate to the Allegan County Convention,
Edward J. Rawson is at Como, Colorado, He is
book-keeper at one of the coal camps of the Union
Pacific Coal Company.
With '78.
Cassius E. Herrington is nominated for prosecuting
attorney by the Democrats of Oakland county.

Fred E. Smith is nominated for county surveyor by
the Republicans of Cass county.
THE SPECULUM.

47

Chas. E. Sumner is a member of the law frm of
Collins & Sumner, Toledo, Ohio; he is also real estate

agent.
: ‘RT.

L. B. Hall is principal of the Belding schools. -

Howard M. Holmes has sold his partnership in the
control of the Ann Arbor Aegister, and is now the
editor of the local department. ,

82.
A. J. Chappell of Pinckney “ can’t get along without
THE SPECULUM,’ and writes also that he likes the

change in the cover.

Hon. J. W. Beaumont now has his law office at 12
Moffatt building, Detroit.

John F. Evert of Mendon delivered at the St. Joseph
County Farmers’ annual meeting, August 16, a strong
speech in favor of higher education for the people.

W. H. Coffron has been put in full charge of the
aluminum works at Findlay, Ohio.

‘Sa.

W. A. Bahlke of Alma is doing effective work for
Cleveland and tarift reform by making a series of
speeches in his county.

Edmund Schoetzow of Volinia is nominated for
county surveydr by the Democrats of Cass county.

WITH '83.
0. G. Harding is a prosperous farmer near Buchanan.
Sg.

John I. Breck is Republican candidate for prosecut-
ing attorney in VanBuren county. —

Willis Leisenring is in South Haven helping his
brother to care for the peach crop.

Clarence E. Smith has been spending his summer
with relatives in Connecticut. He is superintendent
of the Schoolcraft schools. .Owing to trouble with his
eyes he is obliged to wear glasses.

WitH ‘84.
W. A, Jones is a pharmacist at Big Rapids.
"Ss.

That (?) in the August number of THe SpecuLum
did signify something after all. Witness the following:
E. Ralph Lake. Lillian M, Stryker.

Mr, ano Mas, E. RK. Lake,
MARRIED,
WEDNESDAY Eventne, SEPT. 19, 1858,
AT Nites, Micu.
At Home,
Corvallis, Oregon, after Oct. 1.

Mrs. Lake isa sister of D, J, Stryker of '85. Pro-
fessor Lake is now well prepared to maintain the
dignity incumbent upon the professor of botany and
horticulture at the Oregon Agricultural College.

E. A. Bartness has been prospecting along the At-
Jantic Coast, visiting many places important in the
earlier history of our country.

D. J. Stryker has returned from California, and after
a brief visit with his parents he will leave for Lowell,

“1G, C. Lawrence is engaged as superintendent of
schools at Dansville, Mich,

L. G. Palmer is principal of Horton schools.

"86,

The Frankfort Axpress made its first appearance
September 21. It is a weekly, edited and owned by
E. A. Whitney. It declares itself “A Republican -
Journal; Radical and Right." Its first issue contains
rather a caustic paragraph reflecting somewhat on the
management of affairs at this Collere. Mr. Whitney,
besides editing this journal, finds time to look after
his law office and his farm. He is running on the
Republican ticket of Benzie county, for Circuit Court
Commissioner.

Joseph B. Cotton and George E. Spangler, attorneys
at law, Duluth, Minnesota.

WITH ‘86,
George French expects to attend University of
Michigan this fall.

W. T. Welch is now traveling.
SPECULUM much prosperity.

T. 0. Willard is republican candidate for county
surveyor of Allegan county.

"87.
H. H. Winde expects to go on a extensive western
trip as soon as he finishes his present term of school,
which will be in a short time.

George J. Hume is now at Hunters, Stebbins Co.,
Washington Territory.

G. C. Crandall has returned to the University of
Michigan, for his second year in the course of medi-
cine. He has been doing special work in Embryol-
ogy, under Dr, Vaughan, Mr. Crandall has a large
private collection of mounted micoscopic specimens.

W. C. Sanson will teach near home this winter,

I. B. Bates recently dislocated his shoulder while
playing ball. He has been visiting friends at Flint for
two or three weeks, but is now at work again in
Detroit.

Married, Sept., 27, at the residence of the bride's
parents, Mr. Guy Arnold to Miss Gertrude Porter,
both of Allegan. Chas. Bassett a former student at
this College, was one of the grooms. Mr. and Mrs.
Arnold left that evening for a short visit in Chicago,
and they will be at .home in Allegan after Nov. rst.
Mr. and Mrs. Arnold will soon take-up their home on
the farm three miles east of town; as Guy is a practical
farmer and a graduate of the Michigan Agricultural
College, and the lady he has chosen is one well suited
to be a helpmate, it may well be believed that theirs
will be a successful future.

WiTH ‘87.
J. J. Benjamin is in St, Louis, Mo.
"83.
Will A. Taylor is doing all he can to help the repub-
licans in the coming election; but his heart is all right
yet, as was shown by the basket of luscious west shore

He wishes THE
48

THE SPECULUM.

peaches that he recently sent ‘ye Speculum board."
He was a delegate to the Republican convention of

Allegan county.

Chas. Redman is surveying at St. Ignace.

Nelson S. Mayo has entered the senior class of the
Chicago Veterinary College. He will graduate from
that school next spring.

Paul Chamberlain is at 34 Ontario St, Cleveland,
Ohio, draughting for the Brown Hoisting and Convey-

ing Machine Co.

Dale A. Smith is teaching at Sebewa, Ionia county.
He will teach there this winter also.

John C, Stafford has taken up a claim in the Okla-
homa region. .

Glenn Perrigo is teaching near Portland.

A. E. Bulson, Jr., has entered the Chicago Medical
College.

Chas. L. Lawton is surveying at Gogebic.

WITH "88,

E. D. Kent is working at home, on the farm, near
Aligusta.

Nelson Tuttle is farming near Ionia.

. WITH ‘Sq,

William Edmonds, special student in chemistry last
term, is again attending Albion College.

M. J. Johnson is teaching in Windsor, Eaton county.

Robert Edmonds is clerking at C. H. Hunter's,
Lansing.

L. G. Remington is attending the State Normal
School.
ment of "8g.

Herman FP, Hugenholtz is a member of the firm H,
M. Buhrman & Co., notaries public and general insur-
ance agents, Grand Rapids.

William McDonald is second engineer on the Colo-
rado, plying between Port Huron and Duluth.

W. G. Steward lately received a $1,000 clerkship in
the War Department at Washington. He writes that
he is about settled in Washington, and that he likes
his work fairly well, but will probably return to M.A,
C. at the beginning of next spring term. —

Warren Babcock, Jr., was recently on the grounds,
He is now acting postmaster at Milan.

“WITH 'g0.

Kenyon L. Butterfield is farming at home near .La-
peer. He expects to teach school this winter and
return to College next spring.

A. B, Mitchell was lately called home by the death of

‘his father. He is now managing the home farm near
Chelsea.

W. H. Culver is private secretary of C. F. Emery,
the great stock breeder and proprietor of the Forest
‘City Farm, Cleveland Ohio.

Chas. Dodge is now living in Lansing.

Bert Mulliken is working in the Michigan Central
‘Freight Office, Lansing.

He hopes to be at M. A. C. at the commence- |

a

Carl Pray is teaching school near Eaton Rapids.

Chas. Burns is keeping books for Walter Buhl & Co.,
Detroit.

Fred A. Baker is a prominent lawyer in Detroit.

F. H. Whitney is insurance agent at Battle Creek,
He wants The Speculum ‘as long as she waves,"

WITH ‘oI.

Thos. Flower has charge of the Sepasubent of brass
work in the establishment of Jas. Flower & Bros.,
founders and machinists, Detroit, Mich,

COLLEGES,

EL

Brown University has raised $80,000 for a new gy m-
nasium.

There are thirty college graduates on the staff of the
New York Suz. .

Dartmouth has sent out 290 college professors and
forty-seven college presidents.

Amherst has given tothe world 200 college professors
and twenty judges of the supreme court.

The annual report of Harvard University shows that
the average annual expenses of students are Soo.

Columbia has taken another step forward, and hence-
forth will admit women to her higher courses.

P. Norris of Philadelphia recently donated his law
library, valued at $190,000, to the university of Penn-
sylvania.

Rev. Warren A. Chandler, who has just been chosen
president of Emory College, Georgia, is only thirty-
two years old.

Francis H. White has been appointed as Professor
in History and Constitutional Law in Kansas Agricult-
ural College.

The department of journalism established in Cornell
this fallis a commendable departure, and one which
might well be adopted in all larger colleges.

Professor Patton, recently elected president of Prince-
ton, is a British subject who has never sought naturali-
zation in this country.

The four leading female colleges in America are
Wellesley with 620 students, Smith with 367, Vassar
with 283, and Bryn Mawr with 79.

Cornell has raised its standard on examinations from
sixty to seventy per cent. A great improvement could
be made in many of our colleges if they would do
likewise. In many of our colleges the examinations
are merely a farce.

Probably, the richest college professor in the world
is Professor EF, E. Salisbury, of Yale. He is a million-
aire, and his fortune was made by investments in Bos-
ton real estate. Professsr Salisbury is about seventy

years old, is a man of courtly demeanor, and has

- | traveled over nearly the whole world,
THE SPECULUM.

CIGARETTE SMOKERS who are willing to pay a little
than the price charged for the ordinary’ tri Ci r: tte: vwill
find THIS BRAND superior te all others, us Migration, will

The Richmond Straight Cut No. 1 Cigarettes are made from
the brightest, most delicately flavored and highest cost Gotp
LEAF grown in -Virginix, "his is the O.p AND OMIGINAL
BRAND OF STRAIGUT Cur Cigarettes, and was brought out hy |
us inthe year LAT. Beware of Imitutions, and observe that |
the firm name as below, is on every package,

ALLEN & GINTER, Manufacturers, Richmond, Va,
Also, Richmond Straight Cut No. 1; Richmond Gem Curly

Tet, Dixie Chop Cut and Old Kip Brands of Fine Smoking

F. N. ROUNSVILLE, |

DEALER IN

Fresh & Salt Meats!

POULTRY AND FISH IN SEASON. |

1904 Cedar Street.

—
a

“CAN'T FARM WITHOUT IT.”

Is what hundreds of our readers say of the

Rural New Yorker

Read this from a western subscriber:

“Tltke the Rusat better each year, Ttake it beenuse it
gets right down to hardpan, and tells what nractical men
are doing, and how they are doing it, instead of indulging
in fine spun theories of some dreamer, who never did a
hard day's work on a farmin his life."

You would share thisopinion if you could know the paper.
You cat know it, for we willsend the Kura.

£0 weeks for 25c.

This most surprising offer will enable all to see for them-
selves that the Kura isthe best farm paper published.

Try Ir! Iv witt pay you!

Call and see our Agent or send for a sample copy.

The Rural New-Yorker,
34 Park Row, New York.

College Boys can make the best of wages by acting as
Agents for THE RURAL NEW YORKER,

Write for particulars. Send now,

=

We Aave come fo siay and will not

be undersold by any shoe dealer tn

LANSING . | .
Give us acall and be convinced.
Rep airing a specially,

Blanchard & Beebe,

112 Michigan Avenue.

231, 233, 235, 237 Washington Avenue §., Lansrnc, Micu.
Thoroughly Equipped Departments for

Commercial, Shorthand and Typewriting,

any time.

| Special Penmanship and English Branches.
urnished, lighted from three sides, perfect in convenience. 7
Visitors welcome.

Rooms large, well
Students may enter at

JOHNSON & MINER, Proprietors and Managers of the Michigan School Bureau.
THE SPECULUM.

a

For

FINE PHOTOGRAPHS

CASSEY & 00.,

Jver Lansing National Bank.

= —

Special fated to Students.

THE SEeNATE

buweh Rooms!)

iid Washington Avenue.

STUDENTS PATRONAGE SOLICITED.

‘OPEN DAY AND NIGHT.

RALL & McIVEK, Proprietors.

BP, F, OLDS, Rk. E, 00.08,

P. F. OLDS & SON,

Manufacturers of the celebrated
One-Horee Power

GASOLINE ERGINE.

Also a fall line af

VERTICAL BALANCED ENGINES

OF from 3 to M) Horse-Power,
Works, No, aa1 River Street,

Lansing, Michigan,

| FPRENTICERE & KIBE,
MERCHANT JAILORS,
fulw: ws Cuery A full line of
Foreign and Domestic Woolens,
“MILITARY SUITS A SPECIALTY,

{ A PERFECT FIT GUARANTEED.
234 Washington Ave. South, LANSING, Mich,

| -BEE-KEC#ER'S GUIDE,

=—Oh ——

Manual ef the Apiary.

ee ee

1,000 sold since 1876. Si sold since May, 1885. 15th 1,000

wholly revised. much enlarzed. and many costly
illustrations added,

Price, by mail, §1-25. Liberal discount to dealers and for
cluba.

Registered Shropshires and Short Horns of the most fashion-
able strains for sale.

A. J. COOR, Author and Publisher,
Lansing, Mich.

W. RAPLEE,

Wholesale and Itetail Dealer in

JEWELRY, WATCHES, CLOCKS,

i ea
if

Diamonds, Silver and Plated Ware.

119 Washington AY¥e., Lansing.

coors ad

REPAIRING NEATLY DONE.

a.

STUDENTS FIND AT

G. W. PRARYS STORE

A latee and fine line of

SSS

GENTS HATS # CAPS!

IN ALL THE LATEST STYLES.
THE SPECULUM,

Is. MOFFETT,

Twenty-two years’ experience asa Practical
Headquarters for everything in the line of Smokers’ Dentist. The only Dentist in Lansing who
outfits. i is a graduate of a Dental College,

All the choice brands of Cigars and Cigarettes,

BrRipce Work or Treera Wiruour
SMOKING AND CHEWING TOBACCOS. PLATES. Gop or PoRCELAIN

Boys, when in town call at the Turk. CROWNS.
C. W. DEARIN. | Office over Lansing National Bank, Lansing.

—— Sa

BEST GOODS! SEELY

psec sue Lowuern DRUGS, PERFUMES, SPECTACLES.

CITY HALL BLOCH,

J. A. TURN ER, | _ "Lansing, Mich.
Successor to A. Turner. Cc). _ TA TT,

G ROC F R | F S | Confectioneries, Ice Cream Parlor!

AND LUNCH ROOM.

119 Michigan Ave., Lansing. 116 Michigan Avenue East.

ere a oe te ee = —

Fine Boots & Shoes First-Class Livery!

\ A. WOODWORTEES Students’ Patronage Solicited.

115 N. Washington Ave.

————__—.

Repairing

Nestly JIMMY MARKEY.

Done,

ELG IN MIFFLIN,

fiadies’ and Gentlemen’s Fine Furnishing Goods,
103 WASHINGTON AVENUE NORTH.

More of them, better made, finer and cheaper. Am speaking now of my
Hat stock, an inspection of which will convince you that they. are correct in
style and unquestionably right in price. The light Derby I offer at $2.50 is
the best hat ever offered at that price. Neckwear, Underwear, Hosiery, Shirts,

Handkerchiefs, in fact anything in the line of gentlemen’ s fine furnishings you
will find my place headquarters. ELGIN MIFFLIN.

THE SPECULUM.

YOU WILL FIND US

Directly opposite Lansing House, in one of the Best

Ground Floor Photograph Galleries

In the State. We do all kinds of work known to the art, and always trv to excel
all competition. We shall not allow any photographer to UNDERSELL Us,

We offer Special Inducements to all connected with the State Agricultural College.

SAVIGNY & CHRISTMAS.

Make A. M. EMERW’S Book Store

COLLEGE BOYS, your /feadqguarters while you “ wait for the wagon,”

College Text Books and Stationery Constantly on Hand.

A Large Stock of Miscellaneous Books, Albums, Paintings, Enoravings,

Gold Pens, Wirt’s Fountain Pens, Picture Frames and Wall Paper,
at Reduced Rates to the Students.

Pror. McEwan’s Stoo Lisrary in stock.
A. M. EMERY, 113 Michigan Avenue.

Michigan State ¢ Agricultural ¢ College,

P.0., Agricultural College. Express and Freight Office, Lansing.

The institution has a teaching force of twenty professors and instructors, and is thoroughly
equipped with apparatus for scientific investigation, and with machinery and tools for the
use of students in the Department ot Mechanic Arts.

The Library contains nearly 10,000 volumes, consisting largely of scientific works,

The General Museum and Museums of Botany, Forestry, and Veterinary are well filled,

FOUR YEARS ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE COURSE

WHICTL EMBRACES

Chemisiry, Mathematics, Mechanics, Drawing, Bolany, Zoology, Veterin-
ary, Lnglish Language and Literaiure, French,
German, and Miliary Zaelles.
Three hours’ labor on each working day, except Saturdays. Maximum rate paid for

labor, eight cents an hour,
RateEs.—Tuition free. Club boarding, from $2.00 to $2.50 per weck.

CALENDAR FOR THE YEARS 1888-9.

Summer term begins May 21; closes August 10; commencement August 14. School
year opens Monday, August 27. Fall term closes November 16. Spring term (1889)
begins Monday, February 25.

For catalogue apply to Epwin Wutuits, President, or Henry G. REYNOLDS, Sec’y.
THE SPECULUM.

The M. C. Lilley & Co.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

MILITARY GOODS OF ALL KINDS.

REGALIA SUPPLIES, BAND EQUIPMENTS, AND

UNIFORMS OF

ALL DESCRIPTIONS.

Special Inducements to Students and those getting up Clubs or Companies.
COLUMBUS, OHIO.

JOHN HERRMANN,

Perchant Sailor

228 Washington Ave. N.,
Opposite Opera House Kyock,
Keeps the largest selection of fine Cloths
in Central Michigan.

STYLE AND WORKMANSHIP THE VERY BEST

THE CLOTHIER.
Headquarters for Fine Clothing

Hats, Caps and Gents’ Furnishing Goods
A &peciaity.

STUDENTS and OTHERS, Give vs a Call!

112 Washington Avenue North,

Se ee

U. H. FORESTER,

WHTOLESALE AND RETAIL

ee ee ee Te

Books, Stationery, Toys, Fancy Goods
' THE BIG WINDOW, WASHINGTON AVE,

mA HSIN, .s - =

JAMES ENNIS

110 Michigan Avenue,

CUSTOM MADE

BOOTS*SMOES

| Repatring Neat y and Prompily Attended fo.
- MICHIGAN. |

Student:" patronage solicited.

GEO. H, COLE,

DENTIST,

LANSING, MICHIGAN,

Wa:hington Avenue,

a ee

| THAT CLOCK ON THE WINDOW

‘Te for the benefit of the public, aud also to mark
the location of

5B. B. MORGAN, Jeweler,

I MAKE WATCH REPAIRING A SPECIALTY.

After securing your work once, [ will endeavor to keep your
patronage by doing it well,

FRANK WELLS,

HEADQUARTERS FOR

AMERICAN WATCHES

JEWELRY, AND PRESENTATION
ARTICLES,

VOISELLE & LAROSE,

HEADQUARTERS FOR

Wall Paper & Decorations,
THE SPECULUM

i

NOTICE.—You are cordially invited to inspect our large stock of

Men's and Boys Clothing,

tats, Furnishing Goods ano Neckwear.

Knee Pants from four to fourteen years, MEN’s $1.00 PANTs A SPECIALTY.

YWours truly,

MODEL CLOTHING HOUFE.

109 Washington Avenue, Lansing, Mich,

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF

Writing Tables, Desks, Chairs, &6.,

ALWAYS ON HAND.
EXTRA SPECIAL FIGURES TO STUDENTS.

M. J: BUCK, Opposite ¢ the Opera House,

ERED SMUBEL, | 7, H. SEDINA

Is MARKING

HOOTS, SHOES AND RUBBERS, 2s Wel oot Bae a he Kas

910 Washington Avenue,

| Ir Suits o Specialty!
Postoffice Block, - Lansing, Mich, | aa _

| fee" If you want a good fitting Military
' suit be sure to call on

Lawn Tennis Goods, Best Made. | T. H. SEDINA.
A. J. FREE’S” ‘TONSORIAL PARLOR,
125 Michigan Avenue, Lansing,

IS THE PLACE TO GET THE BEST WORK DONE!

A large forces of skilled workmen always ready to please customers,
THE SPECULUM.

CHICAGO MEDICAL COLLEGE,

Corner Prairie Avenue and aéth Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Medical Department of the Northwestern University. Session of 1888-9.
N. 5S. DAVIS, M. D., LL. D., Dean.

The Thirticth Annual Course of Instruction will begin Tuesday, September 26th, 1884, and close Tuesday, March 26th,
1440. The course of instraction is graded, students being divided into First, Second and Third Year Classes. Qualifications
for admission are, cither a degree of A. B., a Certificate of a reputable Academy, a Teacher's Certificate, or a preliminary
examination.

The method of instruction is conspicuously practical, and is applied in the wards of the Merey, St. Luke's and Michael
Reese Hospitals daily at the bedside of the sick, and in the South Side Dispensary attached to the College, where from nine
to ten thousand patients are treated annually, Fees: Matriculation $5.00. Lectures, first and second years, each $75.00, third
year free. Demonstrator $10.00, including material, LL aboratory $5.00. Breakage {returnable) $5.00, Hospitale: Mercy $6.00,
for third year students. St. Luke's #.00 for second year students. Final examination $90.00. No extra fees for private classes
or Microscopical Laboratory.

For further information of announcement address

FRANK BILLINGS, M. D., 5ec'y, 205 State St, Chicago, Il.

New England Clothing Store,

116 Washington Avenue, LANSING, MICHIGAN.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

Clothing, Gents’ Furnishing Goods, Bats ry Caps.

Suitings for the old and young—Men’ s, Youths’, Boys’ and Children’s—always in stock
and at prices that defy competition.

The Largest, Brightest and Lightest Store, and the best Stock to select from
in Lansing.

Specialties in Gents’ Fine Furnishings. Don’t pass us by when in want of anything in
our linee GOODS SOLD AT ONE PRICE. Call in. |

Cc. H. HUNTER, the Low Price Clothier.

B. F. SIMONS,

104 WASHINGTON AVENUE,
Displays the Finest and Largest Stock of

Bry Goods and Carpets !

THAT HAS EVER BEEN OPENED IN THE CITY,

You will always find Goods as Represented, and our Prices at the Bottom.

R. B. SHANK & CO., The Grocers,

OLD LAND OFFICE, LANSING, MICH.,

ALL KINDS OF STAPLE AND FANCY GROCERIES.

Fiuit and Vegetables a specialty. The largest Wholesale and Retail Grocery House in Central Michigan,
orstonds

ACID PH@OSPRATE.

Prepared according to the Directions of Paor, E, N. [lorsronp,

ESPECIALLY RECOMMENDED FOR

Dyspepsia, Nervousness, Exhaustion, Headiche, Tired
Brain, and all Diseases arising from Indigestion and Nerve Exhaustion.

—— So ee ee

This is not a compounded “patent medicine,” but a preparation of the
Phosphates and Phosphoric Acid in the form required by the system.

It aids Digestion without injury, and is a beneficial Food and Tonic for
the Brain and Nerves.

It makes a Delicious Drink with water and sugar only, and agrces with
such stimulants as are necessary to take.

Dr. E. W. Hii, Glens Falls, N. Y., says: ‘An excellent remedy for
atonic Dyspepsia, Nervous and General Debility, or any low state of the
system,”

Dr. D. A. Srewart, Winona, Minn., says: “ Entire satisfaction in cases
of Perverted Digestion, Loss of Nerve Power, Mal-nutrition and kindred
tilments.”

Dr. G. H, Leacu, Cairo, Ills., says: “Of great power in Dyspepsia and
nervous prostration.”

Descriptive Pamphlet free.

Rumford Ghemical Works, Providence, R. |.

BEWARE OF SUBSTITUTES AND IMITATIONS