es ee ee eS

Votume VIIL—No. 4.) AGRICULTURAL CoLLEGE, Mricu., Nov. 10, 1555,

The U. S. Government should Granta
Pension to Every Honorably Dis-
charged Union Soldier.

I, Fy, ANDERSON, Sg, OLYMPIC SOCIETY,

PRIZE ORATION. }

(FIRST

When the armies of Grant and Sherman
passed in grand review through the city of
Washington, there was stretched from side
to side of that broad avenue a banner bearing
these words: “The only debt the nation
can never pay is the debt it owes to its sol-
diers.” "That was the feeling of the people

limes,

who areue that the paltry thirteen dollars a

of those But there are some now
month paid these men for their hardships.
There are many in our northern states who
think that our pension legislation has gone
far enough, and that it is time to call a halt.
The amount paid for pensions is certainly
But the war was an enormous
It is probable that we have the most

very large.
qe,
liberal system of pensions of any country in

the world. But the real question is, * Is it

liberal enough for justice to the soldiers?”

The numerous private pension bills passed
by Congress, and signed by the President,
are direct and practical evidence that these
men, at least, believe that many deserving
causes cannot be met hy our present eeneral
laws. Deside this, figures show that but
thirty per cent, of the soldiers now living
are on the pension rolls, and 30,000 of these
at two collars per month. As we look
about us and notice how comparatively few
of the veterans are able to perform the labor
necessary to their own support, can we be-
lieve that thirty of every hundred are all that
deserve pensions? The healthy soldier is the
exception, Men can not march in the burn-

ECcd

WHOLE No. 34.

ing heat of summer, and lic exposed to the
frosts and snow of winter without serious
consequences to their health. And many,
nay, most, who may have gone on for some

| time with no apparent inconvenience, now

find that nature is exacting the penalty for
laws they were forced to violate. But that
is not the worst. In 1856 Pension Commis-
sioner Black declared that g,ooo veterans
were under public charity, and that of these
g,000 thirteen per cent. were pensioners and
nineteen per cent, blind or insane. Do not
the cheeks of every true American burn
with shame as he thinks of these men, who,
when the strength of young manhood was
in their sinews, offered themselves so freely
to their country, but now im blindness and
insanity are dragging out a miserable exist-
ence as common paupers? Is anything more
needed to convince any man who desires to
sce justice sincl generosity shown to the sol-
diers, that our pension
enough?

laws are not liberal
further required to
the mation to its sol-

Is anything
prove that the debt of

| diers is not yet paid?

What, then, istocdone? Shall we increase
the liberality of our liws granting invalid
pensions? ‘This would doubtless be benefi-
cial, But any system of invalid pensions
must necessarily cause much unjust discrim-
ination and that of the most hateful kind.
Under the present system any soldier who
was ready to play sick if any fighting was
to be done, can easily establish his claim, as
his hospital record will never fail to show
While
the man who was always at the front, who
despised going to the hospital if he could
possibly avoid it, though he may now de-

him to have been a great sufferer.

serve a pension, has no hospital record; his
comrades who knew of his case are scattered
THE

an ee

0

or dead; his claim cannot be established and
he must live in want.
of fraudulent pension claims, While the |
number of illegal claims granted is very
much smaller than is commonly supposed,

There is much said can not and do not

es

SPECULUM.

poverty, or even of those in the poorhouse,
attempt to trace their

| misfortune to injuries or diseases contracted

dlurmg the war;

and that some of them are

| brought to poverty by their own immoral

still those that do exist, very likely come |

from the unjust system that increases a man’s
chance for a pension if he was a shirk, and
decreases his chance if he was alwavs at the
The nation had better be cheated
than cheat. A fraudulent pension is a dis-
erace to the man who receives it;

front,

failure to grant a pension
veteran is a the honor of the
whole nation. And the only way our coun-
try can avoid many cases of flagrant wrong
and unjust discrimination is by requiring

stain upon

proof only of faithful service.
precedents for this, The soldiers of the
Revolutionary war were granted service pen-
sions in 1832; those of the war of 1812 in
1871, and those of the Mexican war in 1887.

But the proposition to grant a service pen-
sion to Union veterans, and its support by
these precedents, is met by the objection
that these service
until many years after the close of the re,
spective conflicts, and until but few of the
soldiers were left, being then given, as Pres-
ident Cleveland says, “As a parting bene-
faction from a grateful people.” Let us ap-
ply the principle of this objection to another
case. AA man owes debts to one hundred
men. He sits down and coolly figures on
being able to put off payment of these men
until seventy-five of them shall dic, and the
rest be on the very edve of the grave, when
he will pay what remain as a parting bene-
Let
[If we owe

faction from his grateful heart.
have no parting benefactions,
But if we have
not paid the debt, let us give living bene-
factions, such as will keep the soldiers in
comfort while they live, and let us not mock
the last few by flinging our bounty into their

nothing let us pay nothine,

faces as they drop into the orave,

Again it is said that many of the veterans in

but the |
to the deserving |

pensions were not granted!

We have |

| both wa ys.

us |

Sa

habits. It is a poor rule that will not work
And the United States govern-
ment did not come to grief through its ef.
forts to benefit the men it asked to defend it,
More than this, it was its own sin in allow-
ing slavery such a foothold that brought our
But that made
no difference to the men who wore the blue,
that the country was in
danger, and they rushed with one accord to
If a man saves your life and you

nation to its deep distress,

They simply saw
its rescue.
afterwards find that man in distress, would
it not be the basest ingratitude to refuse him
aid because his trouble is in no way caused
by the effort to save your life? The objec-
tion is Wrong in principle and evil in effect.

The most common objection, however, is
What an ex-
One of the great questions of the

“Tt would cost too much.”
cuse!

day is * What shall we do with the surplus?”

Our treasury is overflowing and every one
admits the evil of piling up money away
We have main-
tariff and internal revenue taxes

from the use of the people.
tuned our

to raise money pay the national debt,
Not one collar has been repudiated. The
hond holders who lent their money have

received it back, principal and_ interest, as
fast as their claims became due. And shall
the men who presented their bodies a living
sacrifice, be turned away by the miserly plea
* We can’t afford it?”

When the war closed the armies of the
Republic might have made any demand and
on earth could have said them
But they demanded nothing, They
returned to their homes with the love they
first held for their deepened and
intensified by their baptism of fire. and of.
blood, And their love is no less to-day. All
that they did they would willingly do again.
And for whom was all this sacrifice made?

hid p< mVver

nily.

country
THE SPECULUM, 51

Listen to the words of one of Michigan's
Congressmen for the answer: “It was in
our fight they fell.

their sacrifice that preserved our country,

Tt was their valor an

that assured our future, that conquered our
pouce,
Hag inthe path of patriotic duty that they
met disease, disaster and death.

It was while bearing their country’s

Theirs was
the sacrifice, ours is the fruition, It is casy
In these times of blood-purchased peace to
speak lightly of their service, their suffcring
But in that awful hour
of dire necessity when the slippery slopes of

and their sacrifice.

Gettysburg blazed with deadly fire, and the
fate of the great Republic hung in the trem-
bling scales of destiny, the great metropoli-
tan journals had not yet learned to sneer at
“the grand army of paupers and) mendi-
Phen

cants,” Then they Were patriots,

they were heroes. “Then they were worthy
of all praise and reward. Then nothing
could be done or promised beyond them cde-

And

speculators ail the journalists minhe wer-

SCrts, While the millionaires and the
chandise of their heroism, these men bared!
their breasts to the storm ane rolled buck
the crimson tide of war’

Agricultural Schools.

an Sea

TOP. MCGRATH, U NEON LVPRRARY SOCHETY,

After reading an article on“ Aericultural
schools: Their Objects, Methods and Equip-
ments,” written by Pros, Geo, TY lairehild,
of the Kansas Aericultural College, it was
thought that a brief review of the points
presented would be of interest to the readers
of Tre Spreevrunw. ‘The subject is one of
speclil importance at the present time, as the
question whether farming must be left to
less ancl jess intelligent people as civilization
wlhvances, 18 raiscd im all the older Stites
where the original type of farming is chang-
ing for the worse rather than for the hetter.

Our people ask, and rightly, “Are the
schools doing all that ought to be done for it

atl character?”

rural population, the conservatory of nation-
Many of our institutions
and literary works arouse the curiosity and
Interest as to the arly life of the city ene
create a clistuste and clisrespect for life on the
farm; amd mast of the education given in
our common schools and high schools is
purely literary. It is a knowledge about

things, not of them. ‘Technical schools,
such as those of engineering, both civil and
mechanical, have had the same drift towarcls
the teeming city and the wealth in trade.
The that avricultural

schools and collewes have their mission in

presumption is
checking this one-sided tendency. They
have for their aim, then, the promotion of
intelligence among farmers, and creatine
fuller appreciation of the ends, means, anil
methods of gericulture as ic basis of sentel
proeress,

This higher type of farming should not
he soucht throueh traimme afew experts tn
selentifice agriculture, who may dose the mul-
litudes the needed preseriptions for debili-
tated farms. Gut the multitudes should be
mspired through the vouth to better work by
towidely extended elementary trating,

To reach the farmers with any application
of sclenee, we must train the coming gener.
ions mothe clements of science.
fren

The youth

the farm anust find ino our schools of
mericulture the stimulant to scientific thought.
fulness that prepares them for better farm-
me. Farming can uever be much benefited
by ready made information till a Generation
is trained to appreciate it, as it requires a
mind trated to present wants, to utiliee
the results of research and experiment,

It Appears eviclent that the wvaral soe
material support for thoroughly scientitte

mquuiry can come from wo other source than

masses Of men whose trang sucewests the

The majority of
the
the
underlying truths as high spuntheories. Only

need of advanecd iyguiry,
the

roughest

untrained fsrmers seek only for

experiments, aul denounce

as the leaven of youth awakened to the
52

THE SPECULUM.

= = oe

nature of science pervades the masses, can the
means of higher investigation be secured
and experimental stations used to good
advantage,

Another fact is beyond dispute: that the |
| ceptive and reasoning faculties through the

trained experts now willing and ready for
these genuine investigations are largely the
offspring of such elementary training, This
we can see illustrated in the recently organ-

ized experimental stations. While the major- |

ity of the thirty-nine endowed colleges of
agriculture have drifted with the tide into
university departments or schools of technol-
ogy, yet the nation looks to the minority for
its real leaders towards a more perfect agri-
cultural knowledge.

Accepting these facts as a foundation of
certainty, Pres. Fairchild is convinced that
the true object to which all the forces of
such an institution should tend is such dis-
cipline of body, mind and sympathies as
shall give strength for the task of elevating
agriculture, while the every day surround-
ings add to the natural curiosity about seeds,
soil, moisture, heat, germination and _fertili-
zation, variation in plant and animal, and

adaptation of parts and forces. In all of this.

there is abundant room for the truest disci-
pline of perceptive powers, of judgment in
all phases of thought, and the most natural
cultivation of memory, imagination and true
philanthropy. Therefore, the real object is
to give genuine education in the humanities
through those elements of knowledge which
touch humanity most.

To secure this object, Pres. Fairchild says;
First, that students should be able to reach
the advantages of such an institution directly
from their rural homes, Any required
examination at admission must be suited to
the methods of the rural schools, and in no

way is even a seeming advantage to be given |

to a city grading system as a method of ac-
cess, as it would weaken the continuity be-
tween the agricultural home and the Agri-
cultural College, Second, the course of stud ¥
must present essential discipline in lines of

most interest. In an ordinary four years’
course better results will be realized from a
thorough study of the English language than
from a mere smattering of other tongues,
Again, there must be the discipline of per.

science of nature, with illustrations from the
things which the students themselves have
handled, This will make a series so full of
constant adaptation to previous curiosity as
to give new zeal to the problems of farm”
life. Of equal importance is culture in pure

/and applied mathematics, with their bearing

upon human welfare, and enough of history
to show the tendencies of civilization, if not
the complex forces promoting it, and the
essential principles of national economy and
government, ‘The grand essentials in all this
are two: The principles shall be truly scien-
tific, as broad as all the facts; the illustrations
and applications shall fit into the life of the
farmers’ sons and daughters who study them,

It is essential to such a plan of education
that the youth should have his interest in the
details of farming kept alive by some respon-
sibility in actual service, Such work brings
the student into direct contact with improved
methods and means, as well as with questions
under investigation; arouses curiosity and
develops ingenuity, without which all the
information of the cyclopedias is useless on
the farm or to the farmers,

Throughout the course, special opportuni-
ties for the development of agriculture will
occur through the means of special lectures,
clubs and institutes. With such surroundings,
any student of fair abilities is fitted by both
interest and training to share in the discus-
sions Of farmers and horticulturists with
influence, ‘To accomplish the best results of
this method, there must be unity of purpose
and unity in execution. The location must
be a farm with the buildings and apartments
so adjusted as to show their character.
Every science must vie with every other

| for the best of apparatus, especially in the

lines of investigation and research, The live
THE SPECULUM.

ar

53

stock of the farm must serve the purpose of
a farm as well as a school, It must illustrate
the breeds and principles of breeding and
show that it has a purpose.

While the idea of profit and loss can never |

be separated from good farming, it must
here be confined to the handling of a given
group of stock or the manipulation of certain
crops; and such a farm is as truly to be man-
aged for instruction’s sake as a chemical labo-
ratory. Economical provision for instruction
is the only profit to be thought of.

Such a school needs a more stable and
carefully selected faculty than an ordinary
college, as where one general purpose is to
be served, the symmetry of growth is cssen-
tial. Last and of utmost importance, there
should be a vital connection with the farmers
of the State, through the medium of. insti-
tutes where the faculty may impart direct
knowledge to the farmers themselves. ‘A
elance backwards over the requisites named
will show a plan of general rather than of
technical education; but one best adapted for
the object in view, and one in which the
sons of farmers and mechanics can work side
by side to the advantage of both,

Printing.

j. H. FREEMAN, PHI DELTA THETA FRATERNITY.

The art of printing from movable types
was invented in 1440, but it has made more
progress since the time of Franklin than
during the three preceding centuries. The
first type and presses were made of wood
by the printers themselves, and the char-
acters were made to represent the manuscript
of that time as nearly as possible. This was
the style'in which the first Bible was printed,
the book and chapter headings being written
by hand in red ink. Perhaps the most com-
plete printing house of the olden times was
that of Platin’s, described in the Century
Magazine a few months ago. This printing
house was as much a home for art and edu-

cation as a place for work and trade, Since

mu

i De

that time, especially in the last hundred years,
the art has been growing more and more
factory like, The work of the printer has
been growing more and more confined to one
branch of the business, until the idea that it

is as good as a school education to learn the
trade is almost a thing of the past.

The common conception of a printer now-
adays is one who sets type. But in reality a
compositor is no more a printer than 1s an
engraver; cach simply prepare the work that
is to be printed. In China what is called
block printing has been known longer than
has the present method in Europe. They
have no type and therefore no compositors.
Each page that is to be printed is carefully
written upon thin sheets of transparent paper
which are then glued, face downward, upon
thin tablets of hard wood, and then the en-
graver cuts away the wood where there is
nothing traced, thus leaving the  enscribed
characters in relief and ready to be printed.
This process necessitates a separate block for
every page, thus making it very tedious and
expensive. .

The types of any font are assorted in two
cases, the upper and the lower, The latter
contains the small letters, figures, spaces to_
put between the words and points in most
common use, and has its position on the rack
next to the compositor. The upper case
contains the capital letters, small capitals,
accented letters and all other characters not
commonly used, The compositor forms the
words and lines letter by letter, placing them
upside down in what is called a stick, which
is capable of being adjusted to different width
pages or columns. The stick holds from two
to three inches of the matter that is being
set, and when it is full the compositor care-
fully lifts and dumps it on a galley, which
will hold about two feet of the composed
matter and is usually wide enough to take in
two of the ordinary newspaper columns.
When enough matter is composed to make
up a form, which contains from eight to

thirty-two pages of the ordinary book, the

“matter, after being proved and corrected, is
54

THE SPECULUM.

ee ere That er

salen sa ee ee

separated into pages of equal length, the
proper heading being placed over each one,
and the whole is locked in an iron frame of
suitable size, called a chase, so that it can be
handled; then it is ready for the press. If it
is a small job that is to be set, such as a hand-
bill, business card or the like, the compositor
sets it up from fonts of assorted styles to suit
his taste or by the directions, if any, then
locks it up in a chase made especially for the
small or job press on which it is to be printed.

The work of the pressman has changed a
good deal since the invention of the cylinder
press, the first of which was built in 1814,
Before that time printing was all done with
flat-pressure machines and the inking done by
hand, In the first machines the pressure
was applied by means of a screw and the
inking was done by a ball. Afterwards a
system of levers replaced the screw, by
means of which the required pressure was
obtained with less labor and in less time.
Some of these presses are still in use in
the more remote districts, the only modifica-
tion being that a composition roller is used
instead of a stuffed ball. The ordinary job
press now commonly used is a flat-pressure
machine arranged to be run by power, the
inking being done automatically, The object
in inventing the cylinder press was to obtain
a machine that could be run by steam. The
first one consisted of a bed carrving the form,
having a to and fro motion, and run by a
rack underneath. The cylinder carried the
sheet and was geared into the bed, the ink-
ing being done automatically by means of
rollers. Improvements have been made on
the cylinder press by means of which per-
fect register and complete distribution of ink
have been obtained, thus making them indis-
pensable for the production of fine book andl
catalogue printing. In “making ready”
a form, the pressman, after getting the rol-
lers in proper condition, locks the form on
the bed in the proper place to secure the right
margin; then, after setting the ink fountain
as near as possible, he takes three or four
“pulls” or impressions of the form from

anit

| New York.

| bow,

which, by means of “overlays” and “under-
lays,” he proceeds to make all parts of the
form “show up” alike, by cutting out spots
on the tympan, or blanket on which the
sheets lay while being printed, where the
impression is too great, and pasting on’
pieces of paper where the impression is too
If there are cuts in the form, the
dark places and shadows have to be brought
out and the edges graded so as not to be too
sharp. After the impression is even, the
guides and delivery are set for that particu.
lar sized sheet, and the press is ready to
start. A boy feeds the sheets into the press,
and after satisfying himself that the job is
running all right, the pressman is at liherty
to get another job ready on another press,
look after the engine, or other necessary
work around the press room, ,

lieht.

The liberation of newspapers from the
obligatory penny stamp in 1855 caused a
great increase of circulation, so that none of
the ordinary cylinder presses could print
Resource had to be had
to an entirely new method of printing, the
invention of which is due to R, M. Hoe of

them fast enough.

His process consisted in form-
ing the type.on a large cylinder, the sheets
being pressed against it by numerous smaller
cylinders, each one of which was fed by a
The most capacious press of this de-
scription had sixteen small cylinders, each
running 2,000 per hour, thus making a total
of 22,000 Impressions, or 16,000 newspapers
per Since Hloe’s invention presses
have been invented in which the forms are
stereotyped and formed on two cylinders,
each running im contact with another, one set
printing one side of the paper and the other
set the other side of the paper. After the
paper leaves the second set of cylinders it is
eut and dropped into a folding machine
which pastes and folds them as fast as they
come out. The best of these machines take
the paper from the roll, print it on both
sides, cut, paste and fold the newspapers
ready for delivery, at the rate of 30,000 copies
per hour.

hour.
TILE

re FH -—- --—-- ee

SPECULUM.

a

The Elective System in our Western
Colleges.

S.C. SMITH, DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERNITY,

A graduate of a German university say's
of the American collegian: “Ife is simply
Why is

lt is simply because

a schoolboy of a larger growth,”
this statement made?
from the day of his matriculation to the day
of his graduation the American student pur-
sues a prescribed routine of study, ancl because
he is watched and cared for as incapable of
judging and acting for himself. ‘There are

Every Senior class in

exeeptions to this,

like controlling CIPCUMStiances,

| which a student may select,

the student during the summer term of his

Senior year. The election of studies during

- this year is allowed that the student may ac.

quire knowledge in a definite line, and thus
we see the object sought for is not obtained.
Undoubtedly it is the same elsewhere, with
What we
need ts independent groups of studies from
But these can-
not be well arranged without extending the
time to at least two years, for no group could

_ be completed without a sufficient number of

studies connected with it to require two years

(oof hard labor,

any New England college clects a portion of | :
| leges must ruse the standard for admission,

its studies. Every important New England

college allows clection in the Junior year, |
Amherst, Bowdoin and Yale allow it in the —

Sophomore year, while Harvard begins the | P _
tions, ‘Po secure success in even partially

system with the Freshman year. Election
in aslight degree is admitted in every college,
but the western institutions of learning have
not as yet offered their students a large range
of elective studies. But few institutions in
the west, except the University at Ann Arbor
and that at Evanston, Mlinois, begin the sys-
The num-

ber of studies to be cleeted during the one

tem caurlier than the Senior your.

year is not sufficient, and the time allotted to

the students to pursue these studies is not long | ; ;
_atory studies to fit them for entrance,

_ chanees are that after entering upon his duty,

enough.
scribed studies to the first two veurs the elec-

By contracting the course of pre-

tives could be increased and ample time pro-
vided to pursue them. Although our own
College has a special mission, yet it will serve
as an example to show the effeet of the
senior elective system.
ent connection in the line of studies laid out

There is no apprr-

With the standard of scholarship now
required in our western institutions, nothing
of this nature could be attempted, Our col-
The reason for this is self evident. Boys,
Whose ages do not exceed fifteen, are grantedl
permission to enter our educational institu.

adopting the new educational system requires

a solid foundation, and surely but few of this
age have acquired it. The student should
have had discipline in studying and have
been drilled in thorough schools, where he
could obtain a knowledge of the fundamental
branches of education, Many of the younger
students have been sent to college because
somebody has thought it the correct thing to
do, and they have been hurried over prepar-
The

the young student, if left to his own discre-

tion In choosing studies, will graduate with

for this work, andthe student naturally selects |

that which he considers will do him the most |
whole question is one of drawing lines and

good, Many times studies are pursued, dur-
ing the same term, which have nothing in
common and which do not tend towards the

same end, For example, Veterinary, Eng-

but little knowledge of many things he
should know,

But why draw the line between the Soph-
omore and Junior years, rather than at some
other part of the course? It would require
indefinite details to reply satisfactorily. The

making distinctions, It has been stated that

_ the time allotted for elective studies at pres-

lish Literature and Astronom v are offered to |

ent 1s too limited. There is equally as much

danger in extending the system. We know
56 THE

SPECULUM.

— aor

that, as the human race is a variable factor,
an average must be taken, The individu-
ality of a single student can not be regarded.
As a student grows older he can be more
and more left to direct himself, and by the
time he has reached his Junior vear, he is
acquainted the
adjusted himself to them, has learned from

with surroundings, has
experience in them how matters pertaming
to study go, and is somewhat prepared for
the task of deciding. Lf the two remaining
years are not sufficient for his needs, he will
be compelled to supplement, either with
post-graduate or private study, and at that
stage of his educational structure, he shottla
be thinking rather of turret than of founcda-

tion stone.

But few objections are made to the elective
course of study in connection with the regu-
lar course, although at the same tine our
colleges have a tendency to pursue a uniform
curriculum. This docs not prove that they
are antagonistic to the clective system. ft
may be due to the reluctance of people to
discard old customs: but there is another im-
portant reason —-the question of finanee con.
fronts us. Many of our western colleges are
denominational and their finances are limited.
To make the elective system a prominent
feature of an institution means an inerease in
the number of professors and the amount of
apparatus, thereby vastly increasing the cur-
rent expenses of the college.

This system encourages specialization
the one great feature of modern educational
tendencies. As we have scen., cur eastern
institutions are progressing with the times om
ulopting it.
of our western colleges disregards entirely

But the course of the majority

the student’s individuality.
eround through the same intellectual mill-
stones year hwy Veur. hy this the Provress iN
all the vast fields of knowledee is made im-
We

must remember that every occupation is call-

possible, at least until graduation,

ine for specialists, and we should shape out

educational institutions accordingly,

Tach student ts —

SON ITLEIC,

Natural History Society.

ee

The second meeting of the Natural Tis.
tory Society for this term was held at its
Friday evening in
The meeting was called to order

usual time, the second
October,
by the president, and after the reading of
the
regular program was opened by an article

mieetine

the minutes of the previous or,

upon “Cultivated Asters,” by Mr. Dreeeer,
QF the wikd asters we have fifty-five distinct
species in this country, yet our cultivated
With all

these beautics blooming around us, free as

Hsters Cone from Weehaa crf these,
Nature’s bounties always are, we go to China
Our
cultivated asters donot belong to the genus
They come from Calffstepdns Che-
nensis, as named ly Cassini, or Cal/fstenama
his

From thts Species have arisen many valria-

for plants to beautify our gardens,
aster.

Chinecusis, according some  atuthors,

tions. “Three weneral distinctions are made
hy florists, the Chinese, French and German,
according to the place from which the plants
came. All came originally from China, and
they were merodicec tite Lurope il 731,
There are two kinds of asters raised) in’ our

weaurelens, the “Vall ane the Roowal,

To cultivate asters, sow the seeds in boxes
sous te triumsplarit In Miny, dis Soon as cull clan
eer of frost is over, or for later ones seeds
may be sown in the ground where they are
to grow, “The sail shoulel be very rich. to
produce wren | crtal cabvurtpel sitet blossoms, though
in the case of the tall aster a rich soil will
produce such arank growth that the plants
to be
watered well, and like other plants in the

will have staked. They should be
Hower carden, they may he kept from the
injuries of our carly frosts by a plentiful
supply of water. To save seeds, pick off
the side shoots that all the nourishment may
wo te the terminal flowers. Lt is probable
Our American

might be greathy improved by cultivation,

that some of mative Asters
THE SPECULUM,

57

but florists consider it cheaper to obtain the
China aster, which is already developed.

Following the talk upon asters was an
article on the common house Aly, by Mr,

Abbott of °87. Considering the importance |

of the house fly, comparatively few descrip-
tions have been given of it. The eggs of
the Wusca domestica are laid in the summer

time in the ordure of horse stables and the |

ae | made of this material,
larve, hatching in about twenty-four hours, |

_ monly used in Southern Michigan is poplar

feed first upon this. There are three stages
in the life of the larva. In the first stage
the larva is partly transparent and has a row
of spine-like projections on the ventral side.
In the second stage the form is longer and
more slender. In the third stage the mouth
parts develop. The first stage lasts about
twenty-four hours, the second somewhat
longer and the third four or five days. After
the third stage it pupatesin a cylindrical pupa
case, which very much resembles that of the

meat fly, dfusca vomica, its near relative, |
| cloths wound on frames which revolve partly

The pupa state lasts six or seven days. Con-
trary to a quite general opinion, the common
house-fly cannot bite; it has no teeth or other
apparatus arranged for that purpose. It
moistens with a kind of saliva and sucks up
its food in scelution. Flies are enabled to
walk on the ceiling, not by means of suckers,
but by means of fine hairs, called pulvillz.
Winter is passed by imago flies in a dormant
state. The fly has many natural enemies,
and man has invented many more quite as
destructive. Among its natural enemies are
spiders, wasps and a kind of fungus that at-
tacks it in the fall, The common house-fly

be exterminated. Pyrethrum stupefies but
does not kill them. Flies will avoid dark-
ness, therefore it is well to keep stables dark
and also rooms as much as possible,

Mr. Marhoff presented an article upon
cements, Three kinds of cements, French,
Italian and American, are used in making
walks, Cements are cheaper and more dur-
able than natural sandstone, the place of
which it usually takes. The Pantheon, one

_tar glands or other attractions.

of the best preserved buildings of ancient.
Rome, was built 27 B. C., and is
of cement. The foundation of the Wash-
ington monument is of cement. It can be
used to make a solid foundation in quicksand

The manufacture of wood-pulp was next
described by Mr, Teller. During the last
half century most of our paper has been
The wood most com-

This is obtained in four-foot
sticks, and at the Jackson pulp factory it is
whittled by machines, cutting diagonally
across the grain, to shavings 3¢ inch thick,
The shavings are put into water and treated
first with caustic soda (Na H QO) to partly
decompose the fibres and dissolve resinous
matters, and then chloride of lime (Ca C1) is
added to bleach the mass and get rid of the
soda. The substance is then taken from the
vats in a thick, pulpy layer, as it adheres to

and basswood.

in the water. By means of steam, heat and
pressure this thick, pulpy layer is reduced to
paper. A common method in some places to
reduce the wood to the requisite fineness is
to dash it against a solid obstruction. At
Alpena balsam fir and tamarack are used as
well as poplar. In Maine hemlock is largely
used to make the pulp.

An article upon “ Cleistogamous Flowers,”

) was next presented by Mr. Waldron. These

are hidden flowers, They are small, fre-
quently with a very incomplete perianth,

_ but always bearing perfect seeds. The pol-
is not known to be beneficial, and might well |

len-bearing parts and the pistil are arranged
so aus to insure fertilization. There is thus
no need of insect aid and they have no nec-
In many
cases these flowers appear crowded in the
axils, asin Touch-me-not, Ladies’ Sorrel, and
many other species of the Geranium family.
In other cases they are found under ground,
as in the violets and the hog peanut. Com-
paratively little has, as yet, been written
about them.
55 THE

THE SPECULUM.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE COLLEGE YEAR,
BY THE STUDENTS

OF THE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

—

EE

‘TERMS, 75 CENTS A VWrAR! StNGhe Nuwnnns, 1 Crenrs.

ANVERTISING KATES MADE KNOWS ON ADPLMO ATION.

i All subscriptions will be regarded as continued, unless
we cli notified to the contrary.

If this item is marked, your subscription expires with this
issue,

re a a ee

BOARD or DIRECTORS

eee

PHT DELTA THETA FRATERNITY,

Ray i [t tARER, Teeliter-im-Chick, Literary Articles seri
Falitorisats,
BATVURAL HISTORY SOCIETY.
C, BR. WALDRON, Sepenee,

OLYMPIC SOCTETY,

BP. tx. Tonos, College: Wes,
DELTA TAL DELTA FRATERNITY,
WT. Wossaras, - - Athletics.

ECLECTIC SOCIETY.

A. Moon, Colleges and Excluinges,

USTON LITERARY S0CIETY,

ML hs, - « - ~ Personals,

wed.

treo. D. Jenks, Vasdrnctss Misapestgeecte
Gh, 3. JENKS,
rear, Wo Jodieal,

a EE fe en a

io, Pash,

Asst, Hiisimess Maungret.

‘Trusisiirer

a . be

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, Nov.

We need another A large por-
tion of our students are non-society men, and
hence miss the valuable training which can

be derived only from that kind of work.

socicty,

Many eastern institutions have no college
every
belongs to some society or fraternity

rhetoricals whatever, but student

Which
furnishes him with literary work.
rhetoricals must necessarily be limited,
on account of time and the large numer of
AML of our socie-

about ats full is

they can be, and yet not more than half of

students to be attended to,

ties and fraternities are naw
our students are members. The fraternities
hold about thirty-five men and the literary
sacicties about one hundred and ten
The question of a new society has been cis-
cussed somewhat, but it does not seem to

Tbe.

Colleve

both |

| tothe Assistant Business Minager,

SPECULUM.

Non-society men, now is your
There is plenty of ability outside of
the societies, but they are now so over-flow-
ing that they can take none of it,

mi: aterialize.
time.

Of course
there are many obstacles to surmount in the
hew society, yet were the
advantages of the work realized by outsiders

formation of

there would soon be a new organization,
It seems to be the general opinion that were
such a society founded it would reccive the

cordial we ‘leame of the older societies,

The miimation a short time ago of the
possibility of musical instruction in College
met with the highest approval of the students,
It is something that the College has never
Although
there is musical talent in the wlee club and

know little

had and that we very much need,

choir, yet the students, as a body,
or nothing of vocal music, anc many of them
There

would be very glad to take lessons,

are few institutions that do not possess a
musical instructor in some of their branches,
While the Agricultural Colleve is mot fash-
ioned after the usual ron of colleges, its great
point being practical work, yet an mstructor
in music would be a great aecquisttion, and
ihe stucents would hail such an event with
Le would make

literary secieties ana

delight. amarked difference
in the interest of our
fraternities. In fact, this is one of the chief
things with which our secietics have to strug-
Any
produce good Itterary articles,
the
sprhetunun will heartily support any

members will
hut very few
culture,

niunnber of their

gle.

have desired amount of vocal
The

measure which tends to bring about this end,

Anyonk having Nos. 3, 4, 15, ES, 19
230f The Srrecurum can dispose of them
Twenty-
live cents cach will be paid fer the first three
and fifteen cents each for the last three.

Atameecting of the Alumni of the Class
of “S5 the following resolutions were unani-
mously adopted:

Wereas, Lt has pleased anallwise Provi-
dence to remove from our presence and from
THE SPECULUM.

a Se ee

59

the bright prospects of an active and useful
future our beloved and respected classmate,
Truman L. Parker,

Resolved, That the class of 1885, as a
body, and we, ourselves, as individuals, feel
the loss to the class in removing one whom
we had well-founded hopes would prove a
useful member of society and. an honor to
ourclass and our Alma Mater. We knew him
as a friend, grateful and beloved; as class-
mate, loyal and true; as a student, thought-
ful, earnest and laborious; as an Alumnus,
ambitious and industrious, and one who had
already entered successfully on the course he
had marked out;

Resolved, That we deeply regret heshould
be so early taken from us, and that we sin-
cerely mourn with his relatives and friends,
of whom we consider ourselves members,
his early death;

ftesolved, That we extend to ihs family
our deepest sympathies in their heavy afflic-
tion 5

ftesolved, That a copy of these resolutions
be sent to his bereaved family and that they
be spread upon the class records, and that a
copy of them be sent to THe SrpEecuLUM for
publication.

H. E. Tuomas,

J. ¥. Clark,

(sE0o. Morrice,
Committee,

rome

COLLEGE NEWS.

scion: *eeruene enema

All Halloween was not forgotten by the boys.
Mrs. McEwan is visiting friends in Kalamazoo.
Juniors and Seniors all beware,
Choose your subjects with exceeding great care.

Quite a number of the boys will leave two weeks
earlier to begin teaching.

Corn on College Farm is yielding about 100 bushels
of ears per acre.

A. B. A. which met at Columbus, Ohio, a few days
ago.

Mrs. Kedzie, the teacher of art in Olivet College,
spent several days yisiting at the College a few days
Ago,

a

Twelve delegates were sent from here to the Y. M.
C. A. State Intercollegiate Convention.

Mr. Waldron read a paper on the life and works of
Charles Darwin before the Alumni Fortnightly Club,
Oct. 370.

The east side of sheep barn has been changed into
stalls for cattle, also two mouse-proof feed rooms have
been built.

Dr. Beal has secured about ninety photographs of
northern Michigan pinery scenes which will be framed
and put in the Museum.

The Union Literary Society gave a hop following
the oraterical contest, Friday evening, October 26,
Everyone enjoyed a pleasant time.

Dr. Kedzie delivered a very interesting lecture
Wednesday, Oct. 24 on the battle of Pittsburg Landing.
The Chapel was crowed to overflowing.

Grass plats on farm experimental grounds are in fine
condition this fall. The Alfalfa does not cover the
ground as well as some of the other varieties.

About twenty of the seniors will teach this winter,
The rest will be divided up among sundry professions
such as buying chickens, milking cows at home, etc.

The farm department has just received two Ayrshire
heifers from Vermont, to be used in the dairy experi-
mental work. They are good specimens of the breed,

Cm Friday, October 19 the Phi Delta Theta Frater-
nity gave an informal reception, at which literary exer-
cises, banquets and dancing were the order of the
evening.

Experimental steers will go to Chicago to be ex-
hibited at ** Fat Stock Show,” which begins November
10, The steers are in fine show condition, and will no
doubt be viewed with a great deal of interest.

Seventy-five specimens of plants from Mexico, two
hundred and fifty from the Upper Peninsula and three
hundred from the northern part of the Southern Penin-
sula are being put in the Botanical Herbarium.

Mr. Beal attended the Western Society of Naturalists,
held at Champaign, Illinois, October 24 and 25, and
presented a paper on A Botanical Museum. The main
object of the meetings of the society was to discuss
methods of teaching.

Dr. Beal received a letter from Mr. Lake, Professor
of Botany and Horticulture in the Agricultural College
of Oregon, a few days since. He says the College is
small, but its future prospects are good, Buildings
limited (one), students seventy-five, thirty of Whom

| are girls, land thirty-five acres.

The Entomological Department of the Experiment

| Station is making an experiment which will be watched
Prof, Cook presented a paper on See Ceffure to the |

with interest by the bee-keepers of our State. Five
acres are being sowed to the Rocky Mountain bee
plant. The object is to secure a good honey plant that
will stand the drought.

The root crop on the farm was very good this season,
both in quality andin yield, Of the new yarieties
60 THE

SPECULUM,

tested the ‘' New Red Fleshed Tankard” mangel and
Danver's carrot are the best. But these are not as
good as some of the old reliable sorts, such as Golden
Tankard mangel and Long Orange carrot.

The second annual contest of the Michigan Agricul-

tural College Oratorical Association took place Friday |

evening, Oct. 26, before a crowded house.

The Eclec- |

tic society was represented by Mr. A. L. Waters; the |

Olympic society by Messrs D, F. Anderson and L. A.
Clinton; and the Union Literary society by Messrs
W. J. Meyers and G, L. Foote. Music was furnishecl
by a city orchestra. The judges for manuscript were
Rev. C, H. Beale, Mr, George Barnes and Miss M. E.
Tilton, and the judges on orators were Rev. James
MeGrath, Mr. W. F. Clark and Mrs. George Barnes.
The first prize was awarded to Mr. D. F. Anderson,
the subject of his oration being ‘Every Honorably
Discharged Union Soldier should receive a Pension.”
The second prizes were awarded to Mr. W. M. Meyers,
the subject being, ‘The Indeterminate Sentence,”
and to Mr. A. L. Waters, his subject being “ Liberty—
not License."’

How the members of the faculty will spend this win-
ter: President Willits will remain atthe College until
January, after which he will recreate. Professor Car-
penter will deliver a paper before the N. A. Tile Asso-
ciation at Memphis about the close of this term. He
will then make a tour of the Southern states. Pro-
fessor Cook has not decided vet whether he will accept
an invitation to help conduct a series of institutes in
New York or will prepare a treatise on injurious insects.
Professor Durand will take an ocean voyage, probably
to the Bermudas.
vacation in California, Drs. Kedzie and Teal, Pro-
fessors McEwan, Taft and Johnson will spencl most of
the vacation at the College.

What the assistants will do: Messrs Frank Kedzie,
Davenport, Waldron, Dewey, Cordley, Teller and
Lodeman will remain at the College tostudy. Messrs
Holdsworth and Woodworth will go to Cornell, Mr.
Thurtell will go to Ann Arbor, Messrs Hall, Hillman
and Cook will teach school and Mr. Cannon will study
at home.

Exhibit at State Fair by Mechanical Department,
Sept 10 to 15, 1886,

PROF, B,C. CARPENTER,

The exhibit occupied a space in the center of Ma-
chinery hall, about 12 by 75 feet in dimensions. At
the north end was arranged the engines owned by
Mr. Bartmess and Mr. Freeman, and a few feet to the
south and on the sides were arranged respectively the
engines of ©. J. Root and the double engine of Mr.
Vandevort, cach of which was about 3-horse power.

About midway between the last two engines was |

Secretary Reynolds will spend the |

12 inch engine lathe and the 15 inch turret lathe, all
built by the present Senior class.

The 15 inch engine lathe was shown in operation,

In addition there was shown the twelve inch surface
plates, constructed two years ago, also a large num-
ber of gear wheels cut on the new milling machine,
and quite a complete collection of lathe tools and other
products of the blacksmith shop.

The students’ drawings occupied considerable
space, and were exhibited by tacking to board
frames, arranged on the sides of the space,

The south end of the space, opposite the main en-
trance, was devoted to the exhibit of the wood lathes,
and the products of the wood shop.

Two wood lathes were exhibited, one being the pat-
tern maker's lathe, built two years ago, the othera
12 inch lathe just completed.

Alarge number of vases and other products of the
turner’s art were shown and proved the most attrac—
tive part, especially to lacies, of the whole exhibit.

This exhibit, taken as a whole, was probably the
most attractive of any single exhibit shown at the
State Fair. There was no exhibit in any place that at-
tracted a larger crowd, and there was decidedly no
exhibit that was so closely scrutinized as this. Me-
chanics and machinists paid the closest attention to .
it, and cases were not rare of men spending fully a
half day in the examination of the work done by stu-
dents. This work was highly commended. One ma-*
chinist, of Jackson, was so well pleased with the
work that he offered to pay two of the students in at-
tendance full journeymen's wages to commence work
in his shop. Mr. H. A. Steward devoted most of his
time to turning, on the worm! lathe, and attracted a
wreat crowd,

There was a great desire to purchase the turned
articles. The inquiries as to the price of the little
wood vases, and especially the vases with loose rings

on the stem, were so constant as to become very tire-
|; Oe.

the automatic 8x12 engine, which had just been com- |
pleted. These engines were all furnished with steam |

and were run during the whole of the exhibition.
Near the engines were arranged the tron working
tools. These consisted of the 15 inch engine lathe, the

Our exhibit was well marked; in fact the name
“Agricultural College was pasted in nearly every
available position, and yet a large portion of our
visitors had to enquire the name of the firm making
such an exhibit. This was not so bad however as to
be confounded with the exhibit from the State prison
as was very frequently done. One lady asked ina
very earnest tone and at the same time pointing to Mr,
H, A. Steward, who wore a striped blouse, “Is that
actually a convict turning at that lathe ?”

The students who attended the fair were Mr. Wm,
Vandevort, Mr. Joseph Freeman, Mr. ©, J. Root and
Mr. H. A. Steward. They found that attending the
fair was much more work than vacation. The work
was exacting during the day time and in the evening
of course they had to study, in order to keep up with
the classes, Whether they did or not or whether they
made the acquaintance of some congenial young
church ladies is not-for me to say. Professor Durand

| was present two days, Mr. Wiseman one day, while
your humble servant saw the beginning and the end.
THE

An Ocean Voyage,

to eeep ee ee

Professor Bailey who left a short time age for Europe

SPECULUM.

— nn

OL

| held his stomach in equilthrinm like an old tar, while

has written us a letter in diary form, deseribing his |

ocean passage, The letter is written in) Professor
Bailey's sprightly stvle ane is fall of eraphie deserip-
tions of ocean lile amd seenes, His ship fired its fare-
well salute to this country at Quebec om Aueust jo.
He describes the trip dewn St. Lawrence, and you
feel as though vou were with him, seeing what he sees.
The scenery was varied, The verdant fertile country
gave place to barren uninhabited tracts. Mountaius
soon show their rugved outlines, towering up ull lost
In the clouds. Night settles over all. Now the
phosphorescence of the ocean attracts the attention.

Pale flashes of light ripple along with the wavelets or |

spread in filmy sheets over the surface. They were
met bya steamboat from Pimrensk and the last mails
exchanged. The Professor sent liome his gam!) bye
letter toa those at lome and virtually bade wooed) lve te
America,

Morning dawned! bright and fair. A few miles away
was the wilh and mountainous coast of Gaspe—cheer-
less and lonely it seemed. The Professor here had

his first sight ofiadive whale, As the wild) mountains

of Giaspe sink in the west, the dint blac outlines of |

Anticost rise in the east. About the middle of the
afternoon the sea swells begin to be felt and the ship
ralled a litthe—-only a hint of what was coming. Pro-
lessor Bailey had not forgetten his photograph instru-
ments and had taken a few pictures already, about
iwo dozen. The steward told him he must take an
boeberg—all right my friend, trot out your iceberg.
saturday morning opened in a thunder storm. Na
land was now in sight, nothing but the heaving billows
with their white crests. The day had grown gloomy
and the sea wild. They heard the fog whistle from
the Labrador coast and at length Newfouncdland ap-
peared, At nine o'clock in the evening was heared the
salute from ‘the guardian of the straits’ bidding
good bye to the Western Hemisphere, and the ship
moved out inte the broad Atlantic. The Professar
went to sleep lulled by the long swells of the Atlantic.
Sunday morning was foggy and the sea was wetting
rough. The number at the table was getting tewer
each meal, as one by one succumb to thepitching, rolling
sea. Services were held in the saloon, at which the
Church of England services were read. At dinner the
side-boards were put on to keep things from sliding
off The Professor spent much of his time in walking
the deck enjoving the wildness of the scene. Toward
night the weather became wilder and the ship’s rolling
heavier, had vet felt no intimation
of sea sickness, which made the seamen wonder. On
Monday the sea was much rougher, but Professor

The Professor

Bailey stuck to the deck, delighted with the wild scene —

about him, The foam blew from crest to crest, and
ran in wind lashed streaks through the wide and awful
troughs of the sea, The sea was grand and inspiring
beyond all description. Through all the Professor

ee

all around were sick.

Tucsday morning the storm was atits height. twas
eraind beyond all powers of description. The wind
wits astern and the ship few over the rongh sea, The
climax was capped when for a short time before sun
set the sun came auton the wild scene. The dignity
al the Professor received a dainpening when he was wet
through by a wave washing over the deck. He suc-
eeeled in taking a few plotorrapls of monstrous
waves a5 they rolled upon the ship. The rest of the
hatrney was stormy and before its end he looked
forward to its finish with longing. On Friday morning
a haey blue line appeared on the horizen and soon the
motitiin peaks af the Emerald Iste came to the glad
view of the tired passengers,

— —i

Ee SE ah

PENSONALS.

a a eerie — —

Alumni, Take Notice.

As THe Speecunin circulates widely among the
alumni of this College, tt is aimed tomake this depart-
nent of much interest to them. For this reaseat, ill
persons having items of interest concerning any of the
Winn, ar their occupations, will oblige by forwarding
sane to Personals Editor, SrecuLua.,

WHTEE ‘Gr,

EP. Allen, who has served one term as U. 5. Repre-
sentative from the Second District, Michigan, is re-
nominated upon the Republican ticket,

“by.

Daniel Strange, general manager for the sale of
Johnson's Cyclopacdias, is now selling in the natural
gas region of Ohio.

"GS,

Hom. 03. F, Beasley al Detroit tas recently issue! a

protection brochure, entitled, ' What Policy?"
"te.

Dor, 0. E. Bessey tas returinal from Europe ane is

now the acting Chaneellor of Nebraska University.

bn
pu

Hon. Charles W. Garfield has regained his health,
He is still a director ofthe Grand Rapids Savings
Bank, and his work in this, with the care of his farm
and a chief interest in two gravel roads, keeps him
hisy.

‘73

Ransom M. Brooks is reported to be slowly failing

in health.
rt

Cr, W. Mitchell of Newberg, Oregon, “can't do with-
out the Specurum.”’ The Seecunin can't cdo without
Mr. Mitchell either; we wish more alumni would sen
news for the SPEC.

Henry A. Haigh, Secretary of the State Republican
League, has been hustling things in Michigan for
Oz

THE SPECULUM.

—— 7
— _ ee, —

Benjy and Levi. In the New York Tribune of Sep-
tember zs, he gave a long sketch of the work of the
League, He recently addressed the H. and M. club
of Detroit upon the Democratic policy towards the
Southern Negro,

"75-

Through misinformation, the October number of the
SPECULUM reported O, E. Angstman as a physician at
Harper Hospital. Instead Mr. Angstman is a mem-
ber of the law firm, Angstman, Pitts and Rasch, of
Detroit. Mr. Angstman’s three year old daughter
speaks German fluently, and can readily understand
English, to which she replies in German.

A. A. Crane is in the banking business at Gaylord.

His little girl is so much interested in the study of |

botany that Mr. Crane recently procured for her a
compound microscope similar to those used here in
the botanical department.
"sh,
C.B. F. Bangs was a delegate to the Republican
county convention at Holt.

' om 4
fae

Professor W. C. Latta of Purdue University is the
Agriculturist of the Indiana State Experiment Station,
and will remain at beast through the station’s first year.

0h,

W. W. Remington, who has been for some years
principal of the Ft, Collins schools, is now principal
of the schools at Greeley, Colorado.

‘aE.

Dr. H. L. Rosenberry, Miltonsburg, GQhio, has a fine
medical practice and is meeting with success.

W. 5. Delano is crower of choice field and garden
seeds at Lee Park, Nebraska.

ge
od,

Prof. L. H. Bailey is now in Seancdinavia, amd as
much pleased with the scenery. He writes from
Christianssand under date of Oetober 13, ° Tomorrow
1 take a Norsk coaster for Christiama, anc there |
shall be on the same parallel as southern Greenland:
from there To intend ta go te Upsala and Stackholm,
and then seuth to Copenhagen.”

WIth 'sa,
C. OW, Crossman is in the comumussteat? business at
Ann Arbor.
A. G. Jack is in the wholesale and retail grocery
business at 132 Market st.. Philadelphia, Pa.

E. P, Clark is teaching in St. Joseph.
Clarence M. Weed is doing exceptionally tine work
as State Entomologist at the Ohio State Experiment

Stith.
Ry.

Orel L. Hershiser recently attended the National
Bee-keepers’ Convention at Columbus, Ohie, He

q

went as delegate from New York State and was se.
lected vice-president for that state,
Homer > Luce t& peirtner in a aley werends frit ‘at

Orland, Indiana.

W. A. Dethany is in a drug store at Sault Ste,

Maric.
Woirir "S4.
Will KRirkew is teller of the bank at Schoolcraft, Mich,

“AS.

E. A. Bartiness is stillin Lowell, Massachusetts. He
is getting a pretty correct idea of the soil, climate,
prockuietions and inhabitants of New Mnogland, but js
chuck full of Western predjucdices

D. J. Stryker was in California for a time, but Burt
lured him acress the continent, and now they have
formed a mutual admiration society. Sh! Keep still,
Doc's in love with a Yankee girl, a down caster,

E. 5. Antisdale has entered the course in medicine
at Ani Arbor,

J. 1) Towar aud Miss Jenne Towar of '86, beth
at the Parnters’ Institute recently

presented papers
Alr. ‘Towar as Master of the county

held at Fitchburg.
Coram.

J. 5. Dixon has been working ber the Smithson Lum-
ber Company of Charlevoix for three gears, and has
been doing fairly well. Mr. Dixon says that there are
no bee- keepers at Charlevotx, so next spring he intends
te begin bee-keepimg there,

Prof. E.R. lake writes that he likes his situation at
the Oregon Agricultin College mireh etter than he
expected,

tC. HH, Hot of Irviens, Michiwian, Perper is that he hae
atime crop of wheat this year, ble is thinking some-
What of investing mm Shiropshire sleep.

TOOL) Hinebaueh is getting eatin work on Veterinary
Dentistry. Ele says that, so fir as he kiwews, there is
noeesxtsting work wpa the same subyport,

Wri ORs.
Charles E.R. Bassett is a member of the firm of
Newark and) Bassett, ccliters amd pudblishers of the

Allewan Record,

To THe Chass cp oss,

Atthe Alumni Reunion there were bet eight mien.
bers of Ss present. Hoyt seemed all taken wpe wath
his farny ame bis wirk Chirk came Taek to Inwe a
woo time with the bovs and he seemed ta tave it,
We learned that be is a leading Giroer in Chak bund Ce,
Cre. Morricge, who we slipposed liel erawlerl ite
some bole to remaiit forever obseure, was Tnere, bauk-
ing hearty and sunburnt, aid just ies Pomel ot the toot
Thomas is stillin the law effies of Call
Hinebauch
And of

ball as ever.
& Ostrander, and studvinw very haired,
he was from Purdue,

Was at the reunion
THE SP

course French and the Towars were here, The sec-
retary had letters froma few of the boys. Bartmess
keeps books for E. 5. Pike, wholesale and retail dealer
in dressed beef at Lowell, Mass. He likes the east.
Ed Antisdale has concluded that “it is not good for man
tobe alone.’ Wells says the July to Spec., had him
as he still is.
the last summer, but will teach the Dansville school
the coming year.

Gardner writes from Arcadia that he was too busy
to attend reunion. He trades hardware for horses
colts and cattle with a view to stocking his farm. He
attended the State Prohibition Convention as a dele-
gate at Cinaha, Hemphill and Matthews were both
away camping at reunion time. We boys that are
fariners congratulate ourselves that with the exception

of Antisdale all the farmers of the class were present .

at Alumni meeting, We hope to meet all the boys
three years hence, when arrangements will be made
for a grand class reunion and banquet,
Fraternally,
J.D. Towak, Sec,
Were 735.

T. O. Williams is county surveyor of Allegan Co.;

is renominatecl by the Republicans.
"S6,

Frank L. Wrigelesworth has charge of a wheat
miurket at East Cohoctah, and is the station agent.
He is doing finely.

J. J. Jakway ts principal of the Kendall school, with
Mrs. Jakway as assistant. Since leaving college Mr,
Jakway has spent six months in California, besides
teaching several terms and farming a year, His post-
office address is Benton Harbor,

©. H. Judson is civil engineer and draftsman. His
headquarters are at 308 Superior St., Toledo, Ohio,
He has been deputy county surveror of Lucas Co,,
Ohio, has compiled a map of the county, also one of
the city, wherewith he hopes considerably to beneht
his material fortunes. Mr. Judson is also connected
with the engineering corps of the Michigan Southern
division of the Lake Shore road, anc he visits Lansing
occasionally. He is president of a Choral Union of
sixty voices, and is said to have made the acquaint-
ance of a very estimable young lady atul to be enjay-
ing himself immensely, THe Sreceviiun admires
Judson's pluck,

W. OK. Clite has entered into partnership with his
father in the practice of law at Tonia; is candidate for
prosecuting attorney, and is a regular attendant at
Church ane Sunday school,

W. Ruiimler is now at Spokane Falls, Washington
Territory studying law.

J. E. Hammond is now teaching school and studly-
ing law at Allen, Mich. He has recently sent to his
classmates a circular letter from which many of these
items of 'S6 bovs are taken,

a7.
N.C. Hall is working in the shipping department

Lawrence has been his assistant during |

Oe a ke ae

63

of EF. Bement’s Agricultural Implement Works at Lan-
sing. We Personals Editor thinks Mr. Hall about a
model alumnus, for he occasionally sends in itents for
this department.

J.C, Duffey sends the program of a three weeks®
Farmers’ Institute to be held at the Dakota Agricul-
tural College, beginning on Nov, 26. Mr. Duffey
seems to be the same old Duffey asof yore, Histalent
for original spelling has not been a whit impaired by
his work in Dakota.

(, L. Himebaugh is well pleased with THe Specu_
LUM in its new form.

W. W. Diehl is now taking a course in the North-
western University at Evanston, II.

E. A. Burnett reports a successful year on the farm
at Bancroft.

O. C. Wheeler is township school inspector,

C. 5. Whitmore was delegate to the Ingham county
Republican Convention,

WitH ‘7.

J. T. Crabbs is at West Point in the class of "g1.

C. L. Crabbs is studying for the degree of C. E. in
the class of ‘go, University of [Mlinois.

a8,

Miss M. L. Harrison is well pleased with her post-
tion in Harper Hospital.

Will A. Taylor writes that the crop of peaches this
fall was large and fine, but that owing to the low price
the West Shore people do not light their cigars with
Vs.

Witr *S8,

A. E. Hart, special in chemistry, has been in the
mercantile business at Highland Lake, Colorada -;
he expects to teach this fall.

H. A. Knevels is in a book store at Elkhart. He
is thinking of coming back to M. A. C. in the
spring,

WITH ‘Sq,

A. L. Free is taking the literary course at Ann
Arbor,

Homer Wood is in the U. of M., studying in the
course in literature.

WITH "go.

Harry M. Williams has been stumping Noble Co.,
Indiana, in the interest of the Democracy.

Greerge D. Mena is at the LU. of M.

N. R. Hawkins and Rob Lederle are working at
the Creswell Iron Works, corner 23rd and Cherry
streets, Philaclelphia, Pa.

R. C. Clute is in Wisconsin, selling memberships
in the U.S, Literary and Scientific Association.

With ‘or.
E. J. Brown is learning the jeweler’s tracke at
Bowling Green, Ohio,
THE SPECULUM.

“CAN'T FARM WITHOUT IT.”

[s ww hiatt fitiglrecds cre paar resulars Say of thre

| Rural New Yorker

Read this from a weetert: subscriber:

“Tike the Rusa better each year, | take it because it
gets right down to hardpan, and tells what prichcnl TEL
are doing, and how they are doing it, instead of indulging
itt tine spun theories of some dreamer, who never did a
hard day s work om afarmin lis life,"

You would share thisopinion if you could know the paper.
You een know it, for we will send the HeuraLn

10 weeks for 25c.

i a 1 af r
ae SS = This most surprising offer will enable all to see for them-
SS selves that the Nukan isthe best farm paper published.

Richmond Straight Gut No, 1 Cigarettes, — Try Iv! Tv win vay you!

H Qa . . ®
CIGARETTE SMOKEHS who are willing tis pre dk Tttthe inere | Call and see our Agent or send fora sam ple copy.
than the price charged for the ordinary trade Cigarettes, w iil

find THIS BRAND superior to all others, i _
The Richio Strid The Rural New Yorker,

ight Cot No.l Cignrettes are aide from
the brightest, jest delicately fiawored mal highest cost Gorn

Lear grown in Virginia, “Chis is the Orp anp Omicinal. o4 Park Row, New York.
BRAND OF STRAIGHT Cut Cigurettes,and was brought out by
ws in the Vue 1875, Bieaware of Thnitations, aad observe Uicat orn

the firm name as below, ison every pockage, College Boys can make the best of wages by acting as
ALLEN & GIN'TER, Manufieturers, Hichimond, Vu. Agents for THE RURAL NEW YORKER.
Also, Richimoml Striis whe Cut No. 1: Riclhunond Gen Curly Write £ ; ; i .
Gut; Dixie Chop Cwt and Old Rap Brands of fine Smokin Write for particulars. Send now,
Tabacco, —

F, N. RO U N S VI | 7 E, | We Ave come to stay and will nod

be undersold by any shoe dealer tn
LARSERG

DEALER IN
Give us a cdl! and be convinced,

Fresh W M Repatring «a specialty.

a —_

: We hoe .

BUSINES< 5 COL

Ul

iar

-

231, 233, 235, 237 Washington Avenue $., Lawsine, Mrerr.
Thoroughly Equipped Departments for

Commercial, Shorthand and Typewriting, Special Peame inshipy and English Branches. Roaus large, well
furnishe d, lighted from three sicles, perfect in convenience, Students may enter nt

any Lime. Visitors welcome:

JOHNSON & MINER, Proprietors and Managers of the Michigan School Bureau.
THE SPECULUM.

“MERCHANT TatLors,
Always carry ie full Line: of

| Foreign aud Domestic Wooslous,
| MILIPPARY SUITS A SPECIALTY,
! A PERFECT FIT GUARANTEED,

FOR | 4 Washington Ave, South, T.ANAING, Mretr, |
FINE PHOTOGRAPHS BEE. RECPER S$ GUIDE,
Go To

Manual of the Apiary.

(| A . N KY hi (| 0. L400 sah signee Psye IW Sevlel AI ple Afav, SSE. 1 ith 1,000
a j } Wholly revised ne Ky uplareges]. ated saveviey eurtly

i pStrations added.

Price, by mail, $1.25. Liberal discount te dealers and for

Jver Lansing National Hank, clubs.

Registered Shropshires and Short MWorns of the most fazhion-
thle siltains fir sale,

|
I
|
}
ot i. ' A. J. COOK, Author and Publish
* to Students. a neers
Special hates students | — Lansing, Mich,

————

W. RAPLEE,

Wholesale aint Retail Dealer in

| ‘TENELRY WATCHES, CLOCKS,
fuuoh Hoomss | Diamonds, Silver and Plated Ware.

144 Washington Avenue,

Se

LEE SEIN ATE

Tie Washington Ave, Lansing.

. mess

STUDENTS' PATRONAGE SOLICITED,
REPAIRING NEATLY DONE.

RALL & McIVEXK, Proprietors. | STUBENTS FIND AT

Sa a

BP. FP. OLDE, kk. BE, O10,

One-Llorae Powe

GASOLINE ERGINE, (© oss.

verTICAL BALANCED Evqwes  OLNT’S HATS # CAPS!

Of from 3 to @) Porse-Power, |

Works, No, 221 Kiver Street, Lansing, Michigan, IN ALL THE LATEST STYLES.
THE SPECULUM.

Turk Tobacco Store,’ svg po 9p

Ill Washington Ave. South, awénty Suds iybare'-expertonce as a Pradieat

Headquarters for everything in the line of Smokers’ Dentist. The only Dettist in Lansing who
outfits, is a graduate of a Dental College.

All the choice brands of Cigars and Cigarettes.

Brinpce Work or TEETH WIrrHoUT

SMOKING AND CHEWING TOBACCOS.| PLares. Go tp or PORCELAIN

Boys, when in town call at the Turk, CROWNS. |
__ ©, W. DEARIN. | Office over Lansing National Bank, Lansing.

BEST GOODS! SEELY
Prices rum Lownst. DRUGS, PERFUMES, SPECTACLES.

—_ CiTY HALL BLOcE,
J. A. TURNER, | Lansing, Mich
Successor to A. Turner.
cine A Fa C. BLATT,

G ROC F kK | F S | Confectioneries, Ice Cream Parlor !

AND LUNCH ROOM,
116 Michigan Avenue East.

11g Michigan Ave., Lansing,

You will find the Largest Assortment of A

Fine Boots & Shoes First-Class Liverty|

; WOODWORTH Students’ Patronage Solicited.

LGN. Washington Ave,

ey

Repairing

Neat JIMMY MARKEY.

Done,

ELGIN MIFFLIN,
fiadies’ and Gentlemen's Fine Furnishing Goods,

103 WASHINGTON AVENUE NORTH.

More of them, better made, finer and cheaper. Am speaking now of my
Hat stock, an inspection of which will convince you that they are correct in
style and unquestionably right in price. The light Derby I offer at $2.50 is
the best hat ever offered at that price. Neckwear, Underwear, Hosiery, Shirts,
Handkerchiefs, in fact anything in the line of gentlemen’s fine furnishings you

will find my place headquarters. | ELGIN MIFFLIN,

THE SPECULUM.

YOU WILL FIND US

Directly opposite Lansing House, in one of the Best

Ground Floor Photograph Galleries

In the State. We do all kinds of work known. to the art, and always trv to excel
all competition. We shall not allow any photographer to UNDERSELL Us.

We offer Special Inducements to all connected with the State Agricultural College.

SAVIGNY & CHRISTMAS.

— ————— a

College Text Books and Stationery Constantly on Hand.
A Large Stock of Miscellaneous Books, Albums, Paintings, Engravings,

- Gold Pens, Wirt’s Fountain Pens, Picture Frames and Wall Paper,
at Reduced Rates to the Students.

P.0., Agricultural College. Express and Freight Office, Lansing.

The institution has a teaching force of twenty professors and instructors, and is thoroughly
equipped with apparatus for scientific investigation, and with machinery and tools for the
use of students in the Department of Mechanic Arts.

The Library contains nearly 10,000 volumes, consisting largely of scientific works.

The General Museum and Museums of Botany, Forestry, and Veterinary are well filled.

FOUR YEARS ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE COURSE

WHICTE EMR ACKS

Chemisiry, Mtaihemaites, Mechanics, Drawing, Bolany, Zoology, Veterin-
ary, English Language and Literature, french,
German, and Military facies.
Three hours’ labor on each working day, except Saturdays.. Maximum rate paid for
labor, eight cents an hour.
Rates.—Tuition free. Club boarding, from $2.00 to $2.50 per week.

CALENDAR FOR THE YEARS 1888-9.

Summer term begins May 21; closes August 10; commencement August 14. School
year opens Monday, August 27. Fall term closes November 16, Spring term (1889 )
secins Monday, February 25.

For catalogue apply to Epwin Wittwits, President, or Henry G, REYNOLDs, Sec’y,
. THE SPECULUM.

ee

The M. C. Lilley & Co.

HEA DQUA RTERS FOR

MILITARY GOODS OF ALL KINDS.

REGALIA SUPPLIES, BAND EQUIPMENTS, AND |

UNIFORMS OF ALL

DESCRIPTIONS.

Special Inducements to Students and those getting up Clubs or Companies.

COLUMBUS, OHIO.

JOHN HERRMANN,

Perchant Oailor|

.228 Washington Ave. N.,
Opposite Opera House Bock,
Keeps the largest selection of fine Cloths
in Central Michigan.

STYLE AND WORKMANSHIP THE VERY BEST

THE CLOTHIER.
Headquarters for Fine Clothing

Hats, Caps and Gents’ Furnishing Goods
a epeciaity.

STUDENTS and OTHERS, Give vs a Call!

112 Washington Avenue North,

U.'H. FORESTER,

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

Books, Stationery, Toys, Fancy Goods
THE BIG WINDOW, WASHINGTON AVE,

LANSING, - " - - MICHIGAN.

JAMES ENNIS,

tio Michigan Avenue, .

CUSTOM MADBE

BOOLS = SHOES

Repairing Neaty and 1 Promplly Attended to.

Students’ patronage solicited.

GEO. H. COLE,

DENTIST,

Washington Avenue, LANSING, MICHIGAN.

THAT CLOCK ON THE WINDOW

Is for the benefit of the public, and also to mark
the location of

B. B. MORGATN, Jeweler,

I MAKE WATCH KEPAIRING A SPECIALTY. -:

After securing your work once, I will endeavor to keep your
patronage by ac ing it well,

FRANK WELLS,

HEADQUARTERS FOR

AMERICAN WATCHES

JEWELRY, AND PRESENTATION
ARTICLES,

VOISELLE & LAROSE,

HEADQUARTERS FOR

Wall Paper & Decorations.
THE SPECULUM

a

a

NOTICE.-~ You are cori dially invited to inspect our large stock of —

Mens nd Boys’ Clothing,

Tats, Furnishing Goods Ano Neckwear.

Knee Pants from four to fourteen years. Mern’s $1.00 Pants A SPECIALTY.

Yours truly,

MODEL CLOTHING HOUSE

109 Washington Avenue. Lansing, Mich.

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF

Writing Tables, Desks, Chaits, &é.,
ALWAYS ON HAND.
EXTRA SPECIAL FIGURES TO STUDENTS.

M. J. BUCK, Opposite the Opera House.

FRED snu BER, T. H SEDINA

S MAKING

BOOTS, SHOES. AND uppans, ts tl n nt i ite ine

Dress Suits a Specialty!

210 Washington Avenue,

Postoffice Block, - Lansing, Mich,

— Rey If you want a good fitting Military
suit be sure to call on

Lawn Tennis Goods, Best Made. T. H. SEDINA.

A. J. FREE’S TONSORIAL PARLOR,

ioS Michigan Avenue, Lansing,

IS THE PLACE TO GET THE BEST WORK DONE!

4\ large force of skilled workmen always ready to please customers,
Horsfords

ACID PHOSPRATE.

Prepared according to the Directions of Paor. E, N, Honsrorp,

ESPECIALLY RECOMMENDED FOR

Dyspepsia, Nervousness, Exhaustion, Headache, Tired
Brain, and all Diseases arising from Indigestion and Nerve Exhaustion.

This is not a compounded “patent medicine,” but a preparation of the
Phosphates and Phosphoric Acid in the form required by the system, -

It aids Digestion without injury, and is a beneficial Food and Tonic for
the Brain and Nerves.

It makes a Delicious Drink with water and sugar only, and agrees with
such stimulants as are necessary to take.

Dr. E. W. Hii, Glens Falls, N. Y., says: “An excellent remedy for
atonic Dyspepsia, Nervous and General Debility, or any low state of the
system.”

Dr. D. A. Stewart, Winona, Minn., says: “Entire satisfaction in cases

of Perverted Digestion, Loss of Nerve Power, Mal-nutrition and kindred
ailments.” :

Dr. G. H. Leacn, Cairo, Ills., says: “ Of great power in Dyspepsia and
nervous prostration.”

Descriptive Pamphlet free,

Rumford Ghemical Worke, Providence, R, |,

BEWARE OF SUBSTITUTES AND IMITATIONS

Cavution.—Be sure the word “ Horsford’s” is printed on the label, All others are
spurious, Never sold in bulk,