THE SPECULUM.

VotumE VIII.--No. 5, AGRICULTURAL CoLLEGE, Micn., APRIL 10, 1889.

The Literary Value of the Pilgrim’s
Progress.

W, &. PALMER, UNION LITERARY SOCIETY,

The stirring and antagonistic theological
discussions caused by the Reformation gave
birth to, and increased the religious zeal of,
one Bedford churchman. The persecutions
of Bunyan resulted in much good;
attributable to their influences, from his pen
arose a work which, at its publication in
1678, was received with great favor, and no
better testimony can be given of its worth

for

than the fact, that, excepting the Bible, it is

in England to-day the most widely read of
all books. It is not the production of a
man who devoted the years of his life to
literary work, but it is the simple, plain, out-
spoken language of a poor peasant whose
knowledge of books was very limited and
whose cducation was gained by his contact
with, and proper study of, those persons
Its popularity
is largely due to its religious nature, but
aside from that, it has many merits which
would place it high among the productions
of English authors.

whom he drew around him.

Bunyan has justly been styled the “ Prince
of Allegorists,” and the Pilgrim’s Progress
alone would entitle him to that distinction.
Of the many allegories of literature, none
approach this masterpiece, which, like the
overtowering oak of the forest, stands
unrivalled in its supremacy. Allegory
seems natural to this dreamer and visionary.
His very language of conversation is full of
images, and all things go to show that Bun-
yan adopted this style of writing, not from
some particular choice, but because it was
his natural language. The allegory is com-

SL ee a

WHOLE No. 35.

plete. A clear allegorical style, happy alle-
gorical personages, a profusion of rich alle-
gorical figures and a fitting allegorical subject

combine to make a work which must last as

long as the English allegory commands
attention. His clear style is admirably suited
to his work, for of all writings, the allegory
must be clearest. Bunyan is also happy in
the selections and treatment of his personages.
His rich imagination on all occasions sup-
plied him with appropriate characters, which,
although imaginary, excite our sympathy
and we are made to feel an intense interest in
their welfare. The varying discouragements
and trials of Christian, his struggle through *
the Slough of Despond, his encounter with
Apollyon, his lonely travel through the
Valley of the Shadow of Death, his ngrrow

-escape from Vanity Fair, his passage of the

river of Death and his final triumph in being
admitted through the gate and into the
Celestial City give to the allegory of Bun-
yan much of the fascinating power of a
novel.

The style of the writing will ever stand
as the most perfect representative of the
plain, terse, idiomatic linguage of the com-
mon people. Its strength is increased by
the preponderance of Saxon words. With
the exception of a few technical terms, the
work can be as easily understood by the poor
peasant, for whom the work was written, as
by men of literary standing who smile with
the joys and weep with the sufferings of
Bunyan’s personages. The task of devel-
oping a style perfect] y suited to the common
people and yet artistic enough for the best
critics was left for Bunyan to accomplish,
and he did his work to the satisfaction of all.
The student who desires a simple mastery
of the English language will do well to
carefully peruse the pages of the Pilgrim’s
66

THE SPECULUM.

oo man = +

Progress and disregard the heavy, lumber- |

ing, verbose style which characterizes the
works of too many authors,

Critics hold to the standard of concealing
the personality of an author by the person-
ality of his characters. Shakespeare alone
has approached this criterion, and was Bun-
yan to be judged solely by such a standard
he would have to be assigned a low place
among authors,
can be read in the Pilgrim's Progress, and
instead of diminishing the value of the work,
it adde much to its power, for no one can
but admire such a character wherever tt may

be found,

The work has a good plot to the narrative,
all parts bearing on the jmefe, which is
not reached until Christian enters the Celes-
tial City. Along the course of the narrative
are fine descriptions—as the description of

‘the encounter between Christian and: Apoll-
yon,—quaint touches of humor, pathetic

Bunyan’s whole character

scenes, and many dialogues which show how
well the author understood all sides of human
nature,

The second part of the work is inferior
to the first.
journey in the first part, and the interest in
the second part, much of which is mere
repetition, is sustained only by the sympathy
we feel for Christiana and her children.
The style is not the plain, simple style of
the first part, for there has crept in a little
artificial tone which materially weakens that
force, so peculiar to Bunyan.

Bunyan has given the whole

The language is not free from grammatical
mistakes which, although noticeable, are not
misleading. Bunyan was nota scholarly man,
and his brief study of the English language
at school may account for the few pardonable
mistakes.

For more than 200 years the Pilgrim's
Progress has retained its popularity and its
high rank among the religious literature of
the English language. When the allegory
shall have no charms for English readers,
when a love for a clear, plain, vigorous,

ee

a

natural language shall have been replaced
by a love for the majestic march of the
Johnsonese style, when God's people can no
longer enjoy the story of Christian’s journey
to the Celestial City, then and not till then
will Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress lose its »
popularity.

Reciprocal and Financial Advantage
of Co-Education.

LEWIS W. SPAULDING, OLYMPIC SOCIETY, .-

—— ——

We are creatures of habit. We do those
acts, use those phrases, and think those
thoughts to which we habituate ourselves.
A boy learns to swear and he may continue
this practice till the day of his death, A
young man acquires a slovenly appearance
and he may never afterwards dress neatly.
Round shoulders, thoughtlessly acquired,
may last a life time. On the other hand, it
may be said that purity of speech, neatness
in dress and erectness of attitude, if culti-
vated, become a part of a person’s nature and -
may remain such during his life.

It is an indisputable fact that young men
who have any respect for themselves, are
careful of the language which they use in
the presence of ladies. ‘This is clearly shown
by comparing the character of language
used at an ordinary social gathering, with
that used in a lumber camp, Most young
men who use indecent or profane language,
do so largely from_a habit of.carelessiess in
what they say; but, let a man thus habituated
be in a company of ladies, and one may ob-
serve what a purifying effect it has on his
speech. If this be true then, the almost con-
stant presence of ladies would serve as san
almost constant restraint on impurity of con-
versation, and the habit of using pure language
would thus unconsciously be formed.

One of the potent objections to educating
young ladies at female seminaries is based
on the tendency of those educated there to
form a habit of using extravagant forms of
language of expressing themselves; and of
THE SPECULUM.

67

wore

cultivating other ridiculous foibles. But, if

one of the ladies educated at a female semi- |

nary is in company with young men, one can | whenever in company; this weakness would

| be overcome by frequent social intercourse,

hardly fail to observe how she eliminates,
as much as possible, all weaknesses of this
‘nature from her conversation,

Upon those young men who do as others
do, whether it be good or evil, the presence
of ladies would exert a powerful influence in
the right direction, for, what young man will
do a mean act in the presence of ladies?

What various ideas young ladies have of

manliness! One has her ideal in the rich bass
voice, another in the polite manners, and a

third in the strong moral character of some |

a * oJ + : 47 j .
young man. Much misery in after life 1s | ails

often caused by young ladies thus admiring

and over-estimating some one of the qualities
of a young man. If, however, young ladies
and gentlemen were daily associated togeth-
er, the ladies would soon learn to distinguish
between good and bad traits of character as
set forth in the daily life of the young gen-
tlemen. And, as the young ladies would be
subject to the almost constant observation of
their gentlemen friends, they would act
with more discretion than
situated.

Even at this period of enlightenment, some
men doubt that women merit the legal

rights given to men; but, by continued social

if otherwise

intercourse, this feeling would be removed.

Some men, closely related to those just re- |

ferred to, still contend that women are intel-
lectually inferior to men; but the test of the
class room would dissipate such an idea as
this; and, instead of despising, men would
learn to respect the intellect of women. =‘

At the present time, education is coming
more and more to mean the training of such
faculties of body and mind as will be used in
after life. What then is more important, as
a part of one’s education, than the influence
of society? Men and women live together

in life, and hence, should be trained together
in school, |

I
f
7
f
i
4

Again, many young people, by over self
consciousness, render. themselves miserable

as our observation has frequently shown.

How carefully. the slovenly young man
dresses when he is to go to a party; and the
careless young lady becomes more neat and
tidy in the presence of the opposite sex.
There is a strong tendency on the part of
young men away at college, especially if they
are poor, to dress in an untidy manner, A
man may dress in cheap clothes and still ob-
serve neatness. This the poor young man
does at institutions where co-education pre-

Casual observation teaches one that young
ladies and gentlemen are much more particu-
lar regarding physical bearing and cleanli-
ness when in each other’s company than at _
other times. The slow plodding young man
and the dull listless young lady brighten in
an unwonted degree when they meet in
society. poe oo}

To be sure, an institution for the educa-
tion of the sexes would require a more ex-
tensive curriculum and a larger corps of
teachers than a school where young men
only were educated; and consequently, the
cost of maintaining the school would be in-
creased. But, as it is as much the duty of
the State to educate one sex as the other,
either co-education must prevail, or. two sep-
arate colleges will have to be substituted for
each institution where co-education does
prevail at present. It hardly need be added,
that one college for both sexes would cost
much less than one college for each sex.

Some reason that because the education of
young men remunerates the State it should
be carried on, even to exclusion of young
ladies. If, however, one considers the part
which each sex performs in building up the
State, he will surely be led to the conviction
that it is quite as important to educate young
ladies to make homes happy, as to educate

| young men to provide for these homes.

Lo
68 THE SPECULUM.

We toil and strive, and patiently we bear
our sorrow,

And hope each darkening night will bring
t bright to-morrow ;

But when the morrow comes and brings its
heavy load of pain,

We still hope on, and live the self-same

story o'er again,

ee =

Grant Before Vicksburg.

Fon. PLIMPTOS, PHL DELTA THETA PRATERNITY.

with
pleasure upon those eallant heroes who fought

As years pass by we look more
in our late war,
vet we will all agree that there was one who
Was superior to all others and that otic was
none other than Gen. Ulysses S. Grant.
Before we take him as he stood before the
great fortress of Vicksburg, perhaps it
would be better to know something of his
He graduated from West

Point, served with credit through the Mexi-

previous career,

can war, remained in the regular army for a
time, and then resigned his commission and
became a private citizen, At the breakine
out of the civil war he offered his services to
his country and they were promptly accepted,

He rose in rank until he became Brig-
idier General over a part of the western army.
He captured Forts Donelson and llenry,
was victorious upon the bloody field of Shiloh
and worked his wav into the enemy's country
until we see him before the Gibraltar of
America,

Vicksburg was the most important Con-
federate point. If it fellit would cut off the
supply of grain from the rich ficlds of Texas
and western Louisana; of great droves of
cattle and abundant stores of corn: of arms
and ammunition, the Confederacy had been
in the habit of obtaining through its foreign
allies at Matamoras, and more than this it

' several

There were man y of them, |

Jackson, the capital of the State.

J awould be the great decisive step in opening

the Mississippi river, which was the objective
point. Tut Vicksburg was so strongly forti-
fred by nature and art as to be impregnable

to any direct attack, It was situated upon

oaseries of high bluffs at a bend in the river,

so elevated as to be above the reach of naval
attack, On the north a range of high land
Around

itavere dismal swamps with wastes of land

aul the VYasoo river protected it.

overflowed by the Mississippi, a rough and
broken country full of ravines and bayous,
every point in its neighborhood capable of

defense was covered with carth works and
defended by cannons; its farrison numbered

30,000 men and was the rallying point of
of Confederates
who were to aid it in time of necd. Below
were the well fortified posts, Grand Gulf

detached armies

and Port ITudson. Its supplies came chiefly
from Mississippt over the railroad from
Who was
to capture this stronghold when our govern-
ment was unpopular and divided and our
armies in the cast retreating and the enemy
wdyancing; whose hand could stay the wave
of ill-success?  Statesmanship was no longer
ef any avail; it could create but not com-
miuncl Poetry, oratory, history
and philosophy were powerless. — Intellect

the armies,
had ceased to be sufheient except in its rarest
form, We wanted a Scipio rather than
a (ato.

Grant was inoan enemy's country sur.
All eves of
Eurepe and America were on him and with
him rested the fate of the nation,
ducted his campaign by attempting to cut
canals through the swamps to float his iron-
Thrice

rounded by hostile sarmies.

He con-

clads and get in rear of the enemy.

did he attempt this arduous work and thrice
© did he fail.

But did these failures discourage

him? He had a yet bolder plan which was

_ to steam down the river and pass the long

lineof forts. He met Commander Porter and

_ made arrangements that on the night of the

16th of April, 1863, the fleet should attempt
to get below the enemy. Porter's seven
THE SPECULUM.

69

= . es ee el eee

ee

iron-clads were to engage the batteries,
while a fleet of river steamers, protected by
cotton bales and manned by volunteers from
the army, were to run the gauntlet of fifteen
miles of continuous fire.

dark and the flotilla moved silently down the. |

river. Porter in the #fevfox led the way,
Grant watched the movement from a trans-

port above. But suddenly the enemy dis-

covered the leading vessels and a shower of

shot and shell poured in upon the long line
of almost defenseless vessels as they sailed
into the awful pass. The river was lighted
up by an incessant cannonade, At length
they were opposite the center of the city
and here every shot from the hostile shore
took effect. Every vessel was struck and
even the sides of the iron-clads were crushed
in. Exposed for two hours and
vessels moved on and were soon out of range
and silence once more reigned,

Not long after this a number of barges
and steamers passed the batteries.
was a bolder act than to pass the cannon of
He led his fine army with in-
and wild-

Vicksburg.

finite toil through the swamps

woods of Louisana on the west side of the —

Mississippi, crossed again below Grand Gulf
to the Mississippi shore and with a force of
30,000 men marched into the hostile country.

But every man was a soldier, bound to his
Sherman |

chief by a bond of perfect trust.
and McPherson were with him,
not fear to encounter au army of twice his
numbers. They threw themselves between

and he did

two powerful armies, defeated them separ- |

ately, turned and captured the works of
Grand Gulf, and destroyed Jackson, routed
Pemberton and finally drove his dismayed
and scattered army within the walls of
Vicksburg. The true siege now began.
Nature had done even more than art for the
American Gibraltar. Its rear was protected
by deep ravines, gullies and sandy precipices
so that no force could approach it except
in scattered parties.

The night was |

forty |
minutes to the merciless fire the shattcred |

Yet there |

It was defended by

| more than 30,000 brave men, Grant, hoping
to take the city by storm, made an assault on
| the 19th of May and another in concert with
| the fleet on the 22d, but both failed. Grant
therefore prepared for a long siege and be-
gan to throw up entrenchments. The hot
summer came on, the land was parched and
dusty, but the weary soldier toiled on with a
patience and calmness that promised success.
Tt should be remembered that at this time
the forces in the east were being defeated
and the public had lost confidence in its
armies. At this moment Grant was in the
heart of the Confederacy, besieging a force
equal to his own, far from supplies, cut off
from retreat and conscious that he must cap-
ture Vicksburg or suffer a disastrous defeat.
Meanwhile an army under Johnston had col-
lected and it was rumored that he was about
to crush the invaders but Johnston dared not
attack. Shot and shell rained upon the he-
sieged city and each day brought the city one
step nearer to capitulation, At last Grant
ordered a general assault, but Vicksburg was
spared this terrible scene. It surrendered.
Pemberton and Grant arranged the terms
and on the qth of July, 1863, the American
army, with Grant at its head, marched into

Vicksburg. Thus fell the great fortress and
| with it sank forever the rebellion in the
| west.

ninietibl a

SCANT IFIC,

a

se

—

Natural His tory Society.

The first meeting of the Natural History
society for the year 188g occurred on the
the evening of March Sth, An interesting
| and instructive program was given, begin-
\oning with a talk on cattle ticks by Mr. F. H.
Hillman containing the following points:

THE CATTLE TICK,

The cattle tick is an eight-legged little
animal belonging to the order of mites, and
is closely related to the woodtick. In size
and form it be likened to a small Concord
70

wae

or Hartford grape somewhat compressed.
The color varies from a light yellow to a
light brown, The head is insignificant in
size but bears the mouth parts, the peculiar
form of which makes the animal so greatly
dreaded.

This tick, known to the naturalist as /ve-
des bovis belongs to the family of mites,
Ixodidae, ov the ticks. Itis not a native of
Michigan and is found here only when
imported on the Texas and Kansas ponies
that are frequently brought into the State.
The ponies seem to be able to withstand the
ravages of the ticks, which soon spread to
our native horses and cattle when it becomes

a question of the “survival of the fittest.” |
_ poetic turn of mind say that nature is trying

Unless prevented, this will soon prove to be
the ticks, for the females are capable of lay-
ing thousands of eggs which in three or
four weeks reach an active maturity, The
suffering beast finds the pests too great to
contend with, and thus often becomes com-
pletely covered with them. The tick’s mode
of action is to bury its mouth parts within
the skin of its victim, thus reaching through
to the blood vessels beneath. ‘This position
once taken, the tick is unable to withdraw

structure. These consist of five parts, on
each side are two grooved mandibles, cach
bearing a sucking tube which ends at its
extremity. Just within these are the two
rod-like wmaxiffe bearing a
minute barbs which point toward the tick’s
head and at their extremities several strong
hooks. These four parts surround a heavy
central portion, the ligula, which resembles
a ball bat, the extremities representing the

ereit

longer end, This is covered hy strong
barbs projecting towards the head, This
is the part which holds the tick in position
which it does so well that the tick’s head
will part from its body before the barbed
red will leave the animal’s flesh.
A of tobacco
applied to the infested animal is probably
the best remedy thus far employed,

decoction thoroughly

aE

THE SPECULUM.

_ ee ee =

eel — =< a
=

Mr. Teller next gave a talk on the analy. —
sis of cattle foods. By means of chemical - :
apparatus he illustrated all the processes, thus
making a very interesting part of the pro.
gram. Mr. Teller has been engaged in the
analysis of cattle foods all winter and in c
future issue we hope to give an account of
the processes used, and the result obtained,

Following Mr. Teller’s talk was an article
on lichens by L. H. Dewey, which we pub-
lish in full.

DUALISM OF AND

LICHENS ALG.

On trees, on rocks, on old buildings, on
wooden fences, we often see a kind of gray.
ish green appearance. Few go further than

to casually notice the color. Some with a4

to cover up the bare spots. Yes, but what
is the texture of the clothing that nature is
using? This gray color, this clothing for
the bare spots, is composed of plants, plants
low down in the seale of the vegetable king. »
We call them
lichens or moss or rock moss. They
have no chlorophyll or anything like it as

dom, vet full of interest.
tree

they must live on organic matter like fungi.

| They never produce benutiful flowers or
its mouth parts which is due to their peculiar :

ee

many |

edible fruits so that economically they are of
But they
are important to the observer for to him
every thing in nature is interesting. They
are especially important because of a peculi-
arity in their mode of living.

Alem are a group of plants as low as the
lichens and in some respects still lower,
Some forms of alem are among the simplest
plants that we have; eg., Profecoceus viridis
which, so far as is known, consists of but
one single cell for each individual plant,
Algw are usually aquatic plants, and are al-
ways found more abundant in’ moist places,
The green coating on the bark on the north
sides of trees is composed of a species of
alew, They are always green or of a green-
ish color and they are capable of performing —
the functions of chlorophyll-bearing leaves,
hence they can live independently. They

comparatively little importance,
70

wae

or Hartford grape somewhat compressed.
The color varies from a light yellow to a
light brown, The head is insignificant in
size but bears the mouth parts, the peculiar
form of which makes the animal so greatly
dreaded.

This tick, known to the naturalist as /ve-
des bovis belongs to the family of mites,
Ixodidae, ov the ticks. Itis not a native of
Michigan and is found here only when
imported on the Texas and Kansas ponies
that are frequently brought into the State.
The ponies seem to be able to withstand the
ravages of the ticks, which soon spread to
our native horses and cattle when it becomes

a question of the “survival of the fittest.” |
_ poetic turn of mind say that nature is trying

Unless prevented, this will soon prove to be
the ticks, for the females are capable of lay-
ing thousands of eggs which in three or
four weeks reach an active maturity, The
suffering beast finds the pests too great to
contend with, and thus often becomes com-
pletely covered with them. The tick’s mode
of action is to bury its mouth parts within
the skin of its victim, thus reaching through
to the blood vessels beneath. ‘This position
once taken, the tick is unable to withdraw

structure. These consist of five parts, on
each side are two grooved mandibles, cach
bearing a sucking tube which ends at its
extremity. Just within these are the two
rod-like wmaxiffe bearing a
minute barbs which point toward the tick’s
head and at their extremities several strong
hooks. These four parts surround a heavy
central portion, the ligula, which resembles
a ball bat, the extremities representing the

ereit

longer end, This is covered hy strong
barbs projecting towards the head, This
is the part which holds the tick in position
which it does so well that the tick’s head
will part from its body before the barbed
red will leave the animal’s flesh.
A of tobacco
applied to the infested animal is probably
the best remedy thus far employed,

decoction thoroughly

aE

THE SPECULUM.

_ ee ee =

eel — =< a
=

Mr. Teller next gave a talk on the analy. —
sis of cattle foods. By means of chemical - :
apparatus he illustrated all the processes, thus
making a very interesting part of the pro.
gram. Mr. Teller has been engaged in the
analysis of cattle foods all winter and in c
future issue we hope to give an account of
the processes used, and the result obtained,

Following Mr. Teller’s talk was an article
on lichens by L. H. Dewey, which we pub-
lish in full.

DUALISM OF AND

LICHENS ALG.

On trees, on rocks, on old buildings, on
wooden fences, we often see a kind of gray.
ish green appearance. Few go further than

to casually notice the color. Some with a4

to cover up the bare spots. Yes, but what
is the texture of the clothing that nature is
using? This gray color, this clothing for
the bare spots, is composed of plants, plants
low down in the seale of the vegetable king. »
We call them
lichens or moss or rock moss. They
have no chlorophyll or anything like it as

dom, vet full of interest.
tree

they must live on organic matter like fungi.

| They never produce benutiful flowers or
its mouth parts which is due to their peculiar :

ee

many |

edible fruits so that economically they are of
But they
are important to the observer for to him
every thing in nature is interesting. They
are especially important because of a peculi-
arity in their mode of living.

Alem are a group of plants as low as the
lichens and in some respects still lower,
Some forms of alem are among the simplest
plants that we have; eg., Profecoceus viridis
which, so far as is known, consists of but
one single cell for each individual plant,
Algw are usually aquatic plants, and are al-
ways found more abundant in’ moist places,
The green coating on the bark on the north
sides of trees is composed of a species of
alew, They are always green or of a green-
ish color and they are capable of performing —
the functions of chlorophyll-bearing leaves,
hence they can live independently. They

comparatively little importance,
THE SPECULUM.

are not known to bear any kind of fruit, but |
theory of dualism of lichens and algw, while

reproduce by a cell division.
* Now what connection have lichens and
algw, these two dissimilar groups of plants
at the bottom of the vegetable kingdom?
The closest kind of a connection,

could not live without the alga, therefore |
some species of algw live within the lichens. |
The lichen is parasitic upon the alga yet not |

detrimental to it. ‘The broad leaf-like part
of the lichen is called the thallus.
composed of many thread-like parts, closely
interwoven and these are called

The surface on both sides is composed

entirely of these interwoven hyphw, but in

the interior they are more loosely arranged
und enclose in
green bodies which bear a very close resem-
blance to alyw. It was formerly supposed
that these green bodies were only special

parts of the plant as the green rind is a part |
| we find, if we take the trouble to examine,

of a melon, Most every one was well satis-

fied with this theory until about a quarter of —
a century ago, when Schwendener disturbed |
the sanctity of nature and the quiet repose |

of the old school by discovering that lichens

were parasitic like fungi and that the host

plants were alg which were not only unin-
jured but benefited by their guests.

A new theory is worth but little without |

facts to support it. ‘The supposed algie

were taken from the lichen and made to |
reproduce by themselves.- They produced |

true, undoubted algw. Spores taken from
the lichen produced lichens with none of the
algw-like green bodies, but the lichens thus
produced could not be made to grow to full

development.

Different species of lichens have different © benefit.

kinds of green bodies within them, but in

each case these green bodies resemble some
particular species of alga.
appear that lichens have a preference for

favorite host plants and that this preference |

varies with different species.
Dr. Gray, Dr. Bessey and nearly all
American botanists, who have given much

This 1s |

hyphx. |

their meshes many little |

— woods?

7!

= - 9 ' an SS —— =

attention to lichens favor Schwendener’s

most of the English lichenologists, in spite

of the facts and arguments produced, still

hold to the old theory. Schwendener, the

Lichens | discoverer,was not an Englishman,you know.

They say that alge are aquatic plants
while lichens live in exposed dry places.
Protococceus viridis is an undoubted alge vet
it lives and flourishes on the trunks of cherry
trees and cherry trees do not grow in the
water, Algw living within the lichen thal-
lus are protected from drying winds by the
thicker outside of the thallus itself. Lichens
may live in exposed places, but do we not al-
ways find them most on the north sides of
tree$ and fences out of the way of thedrying

sun, and are they not always largest, most
abundant and best developed in thick damp

Qn young trees before the lichen
begins to spread its gray leaf-like covering

that they are already little groups of green
alga.

It is objected that plants so low down us
lichens would not choose particular species
We can not satisfy
ourselves as to the likes and dislikes of the

of alyw as host plants,
higher plants. We can but less expect to do
so with these plants of which we know less.
The infusoria among the lowest of the ani-
mals accepts one kind of food which floats
into its mouth and rejects another. Why
should not the lowest plant do as well in
its line?

Another objection urged is that it is con-

trary to the laws of nature for organisms to

live upon each other so as to gain mutual
lf so, these same alge are a very

guilty lot of law breakers. <A certain small

animal, vorticella, very common and well
Thus it would |

known to all who have studied the micro-

scopic animals of our ponds is fastened to
some support by a kind of long, spiral,

springing stem, while the greater part of

' him, mouth and stomach, gocs about in search

of food as far as the stem will reach. Alone
THE

——
——

comes a very palatable Jitthe alga which is |

taken in but suffers no harm in the operation,
It finds here a nice, snug, protected, little
home and it grows here, reproducing as
usual by cell division.
this avery comfortable state of affairs for it
no longer has to go abroad in search of food
for a sufficient supply is constantly being
produced within itself. Here we see
the animal kingdom a mode of life very
similar to that of the lichen and alga in the

inl

producing from inorganic material
organic food needed by the plant or animal

within which it is growing.

The collection of insects that the college |

just received is a feature of such general
interest that Professor Cook was asked to
give atalk concerning it, Since the collec:
tion is valued so highly we give rather full

notes concerning its character and the mam- | and patrons of the college, and by the

| ard value, which erow with the years,

The vorticella, finds |

| ology in the college.

vegetable kingdom; the alga in each case tance of economic entomology needs no

the |

SPECULUM.

a en _ .

which the original descriptions of the species
were made and so possess exceptional interest
The
uniques are specimens which are very rare,
existing in few or none other of the collec-
tions of the world. There are several -
uniques in this collection which are in no
other cabinet.

Secondly, This collection will be of great
practical value to the department of entom-

The exceeding impor-

proof at our hands, It is recognized by all
intelligent persons throughout the breadth of
the land. Gut economic entomology, to
work the most benefit, must rest on the
broad basis of systematic

entomology.

structural
Here asin many other practi-

an

_ eal fields, science helps greatly to direct our

7 practice.

Thus it is that this fine collection

_will be greatly appreciated by the students

ner in which the college was so fortunate as :

to obtain it.

THE MCMILLAN CABINET OF INSECTS.
Among the many valuable additions to
our college plant, there are very few which
have given to the friends of the college
more real genuine satisfaction than has this
magnificent collection of insects, generously
donated to the college by United States Sen-
ator James McMillan. The reasons for this
are obvious:

First, Comes the intrinsic value of the
collection, which is said to have actually cost
the sum of . $5,000.
can view the elezant arrangement and superb

condition of this collection all correctly

farmers of the entire State and country.

Thirdly, this collection comes not by pur-
chase, but as the noble gift of one of Mich-
igan’s most generous and. discriminating
philanthropists. Cornell and other colleges
have received rich and numerous benefac-
tions—-so many indeed that they can receive
nomore. The limit ofcorporations is reached.
Our University and Agricultural Colleges
are as deserving of benefactions as are the
more favored eastern institutions; yet how
few have been received. True the Univer-

_ sity was the happy and grateful recipient of

Besides this, no one |

named and classified, without at once appre- +

ciating the immense amount of time and
study that has been devoted to its arrange-
ment and preparation.
of the finest private collections of the kind
in the country.
types and uniques.—especially large for a
collection made by a private individual.

These types are the actual specimens from |

Indeed this is one |

There is a large number of |

the fine Shakespearian Library donated
by this same noble benefactor, Senator
MeMillan, of the Lewis Art Collection, and
if we mistake not, of some fine statues from
Rogers, the distinguished sculptor, a graduate
of the institution. Yet how little is all this,
in comparison to the greatness and need of
the great University that received them. In
the case of our own college, if we except
the Cooley collection of plants, and the
Slecper Entomological collection, this is the
first time we have been remembered,  In-
THE

——- = ore ———-

SPECULUM.

deed it is the first considerable gift that the |

college has received. Governor

Luce ex- |

pressed the hope in his second inaugural |

address, that such gifts might be made, and |

become as common as they are in the east.

This wish will be seconded by all lovers of |
true progress—all loversof what must ever |

precede true progress, more thorough and
general education.
hoped that this valuable donation from Sena-
tor McMillan to our college is but the “nest
egg” of many similiar gifts. Prof. Cook
learned of this collection last summer, and
that the person who made it was desirous to

73

— —

to make the purchase of this collection of in-
sects for $1,500. You may draw on me for
that amount when you have concluded the
arrangement. [ feel that there is a neces-
sity for this,and have no doubt but that the
collection will be of great value to the Agri-
cultural College.” This letter was written

| January 14th, and the purchase was made at

Thus it is greatly to be |

> tact.

dispose of it and would take about one-fifth |

of its actual cost if he could make a cash sale.

A noted entomologist, professor in one of the |

best of our eastern collewes, and entomolo-

gist of one of the experimental stations, who |

knew this collection almost as well as he
knew his own, wrote to Prof. Cook last
September as follows: “If you have the
money to put into a collection, why do you
not buy the Tepper collection. Lf, as hear,

it can be had for $1,500, you can’t do better I

ai Sure,

It could not be gotten together for |

less than $5,000.” Prof, Cook communicated |
the facts in the case to President Willits, who, |
true to his record here and elsewhere, be- |
came at once heartily in favor of making the |

purchase.

He seemed hardly less interested |

in the matter than did Professor Cook him- |

self.
of Agriculture to ask for an appropriation

Professor Cook urged the State Board |

for this purpose, President Willits seconded |
the request in a very eloquent appeal to the |
Board, Thesé gentlemen in view of the ©
fact that they had promised two years ago |

to ask for nothing at this time beyond what
was absolutely necessary, thought it not wise
' to grant the request.

These facts came to the notice of our new-
ly elected United States Senator, Hon. James
McMillan, when he at once sent the follow-
ing letter to Professor Cook at the college.
“T have considered the matter of the Tepper

collection and have decided to authorize you

an

once by telegraph. Prof. Cook went at once
to New York to arrange for the packing so
that the collection might be transferred in-
The collection arrived at the college
March .5th, and was so carefully prepared
for shipment that the 12,000 insects came
without the least injury. The collection is
now on exhibition at the Entomological
Laboratory and is greatly admired by all who
are privileged to see it. It is the common
remark of visitors who examine this rare ex-
hibition that they had no idea that a collec-
tion could be so beautiful. Thus the ‘*Me-
Millan Cabinet” the name by which this col-
lection will be known in future, is now one
of the most attractive features of the col-
lege.

COLLEGES.

It is said that many Harvard men spend ten thousand

dollars a year. :
‘ale and Amberst have put the Bible on the list of
elective studies.

The College of Mexico is the oldest American col-
lege, being fifty years older than Harvard,

The four colleges inthe United States that publish
daily college journals are: Harvard, Yale, Cornell
and Princeton.

One million dollars have been subscribed for the
erection of a college at Washington, D. C., for the
education of Indians.

That a college presidency is a position which every
man is tot qualified to fill is proved by the fact that
seventeen colleges are looking for suitable men.

President Harrison will be a guest of President Pat-
ton at Princeton, on the azth of April. Just one cen-
tury before this date President Washington was the
guest of President Witherspoon of that institution.

Princeton College is tohave a journal managed and
edited by the faculty. President Patton will be editor-
in-chief, and the departments in the different branches
of learning will be conducted by the various professors.
They will call it the Princeton College Bulletin.
i4

———

THE

PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE COLLEGE YEAR,
BY THE STUDENTS

Or THE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

———

Se ae

Le

Teeos, 7) CENTS A YEAR) SINGLE NuatHERS, 10 CENTS.
ADVERTISING HATES MADE KRXOWS ON APPLICATION,

perv all subscriptions will be regarded as continued, unless.
we are notified to the contrury.
IF this ites is murked, your subscription expires with this

—

BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

PHI DELTA THETA FRATERSITY. .
Ray &. Bakes, Editor-in-Chief, Literary Articles and
Editorials.
NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY.
cc. B. WaLprox, .
OLYMPIC SOCIETY,
BP. G. PioLoRN,  - “ = -
DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERNITY,
W. L. Kossmax, — - - . .
ECLECTIC SOCIETY.
AL Moore, - : Colleges and Exchanges.
UxXION LITERARY SOCIETY.
W. J. Mrvens, : - =

Collere News,

Athletics,

Peréornals,

Husiness Manager.
Asst. Business Manager,
Treasurer

Creo. J. JENKS,
Frank. &, CLARE,
Prov, WJ. Bear,

aul

————— rr

AGRICULTURAL CoLLEGE, APRIL 10, 1889.

Once more we give you greeting. Our

SPECULUM.

' as an institution.
Science. |

long winter vacation has passed and the dor- |
day nearly the last vestige of it has passec

mitories again hum with the usual noise.
We welcome many new faces into our midst,
and we bid a sad farewell to those who can-
not return. Many of the students have

spent their winter in teaching in different |
| dent Willits has occupied has been, it is true

parts of the State and spreading a wider

knowledge of the college and its advantages. |

The number of students is again increased
and the college opens the term with greater
assurance of success than ever before. We
notice several improvements on the grounds
and buildings, among which may be mention-
ed the completion of the new Horticultural

Laboratory, which is now. fully occupied; and —

the new Y. M. C. A. room on the first-floor

of Williams Hall has also been constructed |

THE SPECULUM.

_ - _ ee

during the winter, and by the generosity of
the college ancl its students it is now elegant-
ly furnished, ready for occupation. The ad-
dition of the Tepper collection of insects, ‘a

_ gift of Senator McMillan to the entomologi-

cal museum, gives additional facilities in the
studying and classifying of rare and beautiful
Many other im-
provements of minor importance have also
been made, all of which add something to
the beauty of the grounds or value of the col-

specimens of Lepidoptera.

lere instruction.

ae

THe brightest sunshine is often obscured
by the darkest clouds, A very dark and un-
welcome shadow hangs over us, obscuring
the brightness of the sunshine of our success
For nearly four years the
college has been making long strides to the
front, both in the advantages offered and the

| consequent growth of its reputation, unde

the fostering care of President Edwin Wil.
lits.- He has been the life and soul of the
institution, He came tous when we were
weak and it is he who has made us strong
He put new energy into every department!
and by his strong personality and untiring
energy has so identified himself with all im
provements which have been made that they
will always stand as monuments of hisenerg)
and executive ability. Hazing was preva
lent when he took the reins of power but to

away. It was he who inspired love and re
spect in every heart and stirred all witl

| whom he came in contact to nobler impulse

and higher motives. The place which Presi
Some unpleas
ant. circumstances have arisen which coul
not well be avoided.
have often been annoying to President Wil
lits, yet the good will of the students ha
ever been with him and we have alway
been proud to say that the Agricultural Col
lege had such a manat its head. But w
shall have to lose him. He has been offere
the first assistant secretaryship of agricultur

in many respects a hard one.

These, we know
at Washington and he cannot be blamed for
accepting a position so much better suited to
his attainments and giving a much wider
to his abilities as an
promoter of scientific investigation,

scope organizer and
place also brings political advancement of no
small value.
but we are proud that such an boner should
be bestowed on a president of the college.
We are proud to have had such a man in
daily contact with us, and vet we ure mourn-

We shall feel the loss bitterly

fully proud forin losing him we lose our friend,

The |

THE SPECULUM. E

adviser and president. Yet we do not revard |

it as an entire loss for we shall alwavs feel |

that his interest is with us and that our wel-
fare will always find a prominent place in
his attention,
respect and confidence of every student and

He has always had the sincere

our very best wishes go with him as he
enters upon his new duties.

= =

THE time is fast approaching for the hold-
The work
last year of the Michigan Inter-Collegiate
Athletic Association was very satisfactory
indeed, and the Field Day was a great suc
cess.

img of the annual Field Day.

Movements have already been made
in the right direction this vear and we trust

| will.

i

| hope all will “lay hold” and work with a

ee ee

Wr are sorry to lose our late efficient
assistant business manager G, S, Jenks, who
has been called away from college. . He was
the first to fill that office since its establish-
it is needless to say that THE
SPECULUM ows much to his efficient man-
Mr. F. G. Clark has been elected
to fill the vacaney.

= .—s ae = —

ment anel

irement.

= 2 a irae

COLLEGE: NEWS,

J. E. Hammond of '86 was on the grounds last week,

Mr. Butterfield has been elected poet of the class
of ‘gr.

Mr. Estabrook of "88 is assistant in the secretary's
office,

The Library is now held open from g to 12 4. M. on
Sundays.

Dr. Kedzie has been appointed director pre fem. of

| the experimental station.

_that there will be no lagging or delay in the |

work of the committees. [n order to make
the Field Day the greatest possible success, it
is necessary for every man who intends to
enter the sports to be training for that pur-
pose. Hasty and irregular practice accom-
plishes nothing. It he steady hard
drill. The gymnasium is open every day
and we would like to see more men at work.
Our base-ball organization is very defective
and measures must be at once taken to place
it upon a firm basis if the team expects to

muse

hold its old place among other college nines. |
| to prepare a schedule of institute work for 1890 with

Too much stress cannot be laid upon this
work if M.A. C. expects to carry off her

share of the prizes as of old. We would

like to see a little more enthusiasm in the |

matter before it is too late. Every one can
do something to help the good cause along,

even if he takes no part in the sports and we

ss

Mr. Frank G. Clark is giving dancing lessons to
Union Literary Society boys.

The freshman class received an addition of 35 at the
beginning of the spring tern:.

Mr, L. A. Bregger of "35 was lately called to Grand
Rapids as ferist in the Chapman House,

Miss Johnson, daughter of Professor Johnson, has
been secured by the State Hoard of Agriculture as
assistant for the Agricultural department.

D.C. Postle, of 75, a brick and tile maker of Gallo-
way, Ohio, was on the grounds the 22d of March.

Mr. Palmer of Grayling was chosen by the State
Board of Agriculture to represent that body at the
flower show held in Detroit.

The Senior Engineering class surveyed a branch

line of the Grand Trunk through the college grounds
for their field work of this term.

There has just been prepared for the Zoological
Museum fine specimens of Florida spoon bill, panther,
percupine, and Florida flamingo.

President Willits’s resignation will take effect April
13. Until the State Board can secure a president of the
college, Pres. Wells will fill the place.

The committee on Farmers’ Institutes is requested

dates and expenses, and report to State Board of Agri-
culture.

The lecture on Wednesday evening, April 3d, in the
chapel, by Colonel McCreery, on his experiences at
Libby Prison, is highly commended by all. The chap-
pel was crowded. Professor McEwan was heard to
say that it was one of the best lectures that he ever
heard,
46

THE SPECULUM.

The commencement orators who have been chosen |

are: D. F. Anderson, A. D. Baker, R. S. Baker, W.
E. Davis, O. C. Hollister, W. M. Meyers, W. 5. Pal-
mer, and E. N. Pagelson,

N.S Mayo of "88, Assistant Veterinarian of the col-
lege, graduated with highest honors of his class from the
Chicago, Veterinary School, March 21. He now bears
the tiles M.5.& DB. V.5.

There is a great demand for Professor Cook’s pam-
phiet on “‘Silosand Silage.” Professor Cook is especial-
ly well informed on this subject and every farmer
should read this litthe work.

college . the different class rooms.

een

to show visitors around the grounds. If th
students did have the time, they have no keys to th

_ various laboratories and much must go unseen, am

again the students are not generally well enoug!
informed on the many questions that might be aske
by the visitors regarding the college and its various de

' partments. Asaresult visitors often goaway with any

Senator James McMillan presented the
with a $5,000 collection of insects This generous |
act is highly appreciated by the college. It is more |

fully noticed in another column.

Dr. Beal has sold the copyright of his book on “ North
American Grasses” tothe Orange Judd Co.of N.Y City.
He has also disposed of all the copies he has on hand.
He is now hard at work on the second volume.

Has anybody seen anything of the Lansing & Col- |

lege street railroad lately? The company state, with- |

out reserving even an “‘if,”’ that before next August we
will see the street railroad completed. We hope it is
50.

The new arrangement by which the assistant pro-
fessors of the college were appointed by the State
Board of Agriculture to take part in Farmers’ Institute
work during the winter vacation proved very satisfac-
tory.

The College Appropriation Bill asks the State for
only enough funds to meet the current expenses and
erect a Laboratory for the Farmdepartment. No de-
partment can make better use of a Laboratory than
the Farm.

Am mg the twenty or more whose names have promi-
nent mention for president of the college to succeed
President Willits are President Fairchild of Kansas
Agricultural College, Dr. Kedzie, Governor Luce,
Judge Ramsdell and Dr. McLouth.

Olivet College has just negotiated for a collection of
Michigan insects from our college. The consideration
for the entire collection, cases and cabinet will be $130.
The collection will be named and classified, and will
contain specimens of all the several orders. Nego-

| everattended acollege will be glad to read it.

tiations are pending with another institution—a Uni- |

versity in a neighboring State—for a small economic
collection and a series of charts to illustrate a course
of lectures in practical entomology, We see in these
exchanges the wisdom of more assistance in the depart-
ments. These sales are mutually valuable to the
institutions interested, but could not be made except
for the new regimes.

Not a day passes but there are visitors on the
grounds. Many of them are unacquainted and wish
to see all they can in the limited time they have.
Many of them go away without having a chance to see
the most interesting things of the college, Everyone

is generally busy with his own work and has little time ,

thing but a favorable impression of the college. Can w
not have some one whose business it is to escort visitor
around and explain the workings of the colleg

_ machinery and answer any questions that might b

asked? It should be some one that has no recitatio
in the forenoon, so that he can show the visitors throug!

Among the pleasant features of our winter vacation

| there are perhaps none more enjoyable than the reun
| ions which are held by the students in various parts «
. the State.
- was held in Lansing on the 28th day of December, 183¢

That of the Central Michigan Associatio

Its success for a time was rather doubtful but on th
evening named a large number of students and alumr
gathered at Liederkranz Hall and pressed each other’
hands for Alma Mater'’s sake, The literary prograr
was opened by an address from President Davyenpor
It was followed by a very interesting article by Judg
M. W. Chatterton on “Pioneer Life atthe College.
The Judge was the first man who entered college am
his stories of the early hardships and enjoyments wer
very interesting, Miss Jessie I. Beal followed with a
article on the “Life of the Co eds at M. A. C."" whic
was very spicy and true to life. This was followed wit
an essay by Mr. L, A, Bregger, Fhe program was com
pleted with a jolly college song, by the congregatior
written by Frank Hodgeman of the class of "62. Thi
poem is printed in another column and any one who ha
Music b
the orchestra was generously interspersed throughor
the exercises, The inner man was next feasted an
numerous toasts responded to, all with the true spir
ef college days and college ways, though some head
were sprinkled with gray and some eyes grown dir
with years. Last but not least came a hop whic
lasted until a late hour after which the “boys"’ wer
back once more to their various duties, and a
declared the reunion a great success.

.

The question is, what did the co-eds'* do durin
the long vacation, besides waiting for the boys t
return, Miss Susie Anderson left two weeks befor

_ school closed in the fall and wentto Detroit, remainin

there during the vacation. Miss Jessie Beal spent he
vacation at home. She studied music under Mr:
Kedzie, attended taffy pulls, famcy dress parties an
recelved ‘letters from her classmates. She also di:
tinguished herself at the reunion by presenting a pays
onthe “ Life ofthe Co-eds at M.A, C."" Miss Ella Taye
spent the winter quietly at home. Miss Marian Wee
remained at her home near Lansing, studied musi
with Mrs. Kedzie, attended all the patties at the colleg
except when suffering from vaccination, Miss Truma
took good care of her little pony and was on han
when school began. At her home in Benzie county
THE

SPECULUM.

i

Miss Mabel Linkletter spent a very pleasant winter,
taking an active part in literary societies and church
work, Miss Grace Fuller remained at home during
the winter and returned to college, after a year's
absence to continue her studies. Mrs. Davenport
spent the vacation at the college and at her home in
Barry county. Miss Jessie Foster remained at home
during the vacation. Miss Katie Cook remained at
home during the winter with the exception of a short
visit to Detroit. She also studied music under Mrs.
Kedzie,
mother in Lansing,
attended a few parties.

Baird, Bregger, Cordley, Dewey, Estabrook, Lode-
man, Teller, Waldron and C. F. Baker all spent most
ofthe winter atthe college. They boarded in club
“F. For amusement they drove the professors’ horses
and attended plays, and for exercise played tennis in
the armory each day, while the divinity of recreation
received homage in the form of whist parties and candy
pulls. The following items found in the diary of a
casual observer of the weaknesses of the “winter's
crowd" may be of interest to the public.

Nov. 17th. Winter vacation begins.

Novy, 21st. ' ;
The same is so pressing that he forgets to take his
satchel. Waldron plays the part of guardian angel and
takes it to Lansing for him just in time for the train.

Noy. 23d. Botanist Dewey goes out to get some
gooseberry cuttings; returns with some black currant
sprouts |! ; ;

Nov. 26th. Waldron takes some practical lessons in
the art of white-washing. .

Nov. 27th. Bregger returns from Chicago at 4:27
A.M. Brings satchel and Lodeman,

Nov. 28th. Estabrook has a birthday to break the
monotony of affairs; the same is celebrated by whist
party, fruit, nuts, and boxing. :

Cordley goes home, seems to have some special rea-
son for giving thanks.

Nov, 29th. Turkey everywhere; half of the boys
carried home on stretchers by the other half.

Dec. 13th. Mrs. Beal arranges for a candy pull.

Miss Mary Smith spent the winter with her |
She visited many friends and |

a

Bregger goes to Chicago on “business.”” |

Waldron suggests, as an early date, Saturday evening. .

Dec. 14th. Miss Chippie visits the college. Recep-
tion for her benefit in the evening at the residence of
Mrs. Secretary. . ;

Dec. 13th. “The candy pull at Dr. Beal's is enjoyed
by all present. .

Waldron mysteriously disappears in the afternoon
and no trace of him can be found. .

Dec. 16th. The lost wanderer returns; Waldron

appears late in the afternoon, Reports having goneto |

Lansing yesterday afternoon and was left by the stage.
(Stage does not run in the afternoon). ?

Dec. 2gth, Every one borrows a few dollars and

home “to spend holidays with the old folks.”

Estabrook succeeds in raising enough to go to Mil- |

waukee.

Dec. 28th. Every fellow gets his best girl, or if not,
the best girl he can find, and goes to the M. A.C. |

reunion at Lansing.
Dec. zgth. At noon all of the professors and most of

the younger people had returned from the reunion.
net jee Seeratairy Reynolds and his sons return
from California. Pane
Harry Baird leaves the college and with it many
warm friends who wish him the best of all that is.
Jan. 3d. Prof. MacEwan is vaccinated,—two holes
in his arm ‘“‘a quarter of an inch deep and as big as

half dollars.”’

ate

Jan. 5th, Prof. MacEwan spends all day nursing his
vaccinated arm and all night awake with it.

_ Jan. toth. Jim Campbell has a birthday party which
is a decided success, and we don't go home till the
wee sma’ hours.

_ Jan, I4th. Waldron returns from his holiday vaca-
tion with atired and sleepy look on his features.

Jan. 18th. Romeo and Juliet at the opera house in
Lansing, followed by a midnight feast of wienerwursts
in Bregger’s room, “

Feb. 8th. Miss Beal and Miss Underwood give a
reception in the evening. With pleasure and song the
hours glide along alltoo quickly.

Feb, 15th. Candy pull at Lodeman's combined with
a party at Mr. Campbell's. Eves full of lassies, ears
fall of taffy and mouths full of chunks of sweetness.

Feb. 2oth. Surprise party for Bregger at Mr. Knap-
per’s. Great heaps of wicnerwursts and a jolly good
time. P
Feb. 21st. The Misses Johnson give a fancy dress
party, one of the most enjoyable events of the season ;
costumes indescribably immense.

PERSONAL.

—

— — ee

"OL.

Prof. Albert N. Prentiss of Cornell gave a very
instructive address on fungi at the meeting of the
New York Horticultural Society, held last February.

62.

In the last general election, Hon. E. M. Preston was
chosen State Senator from his county for a term of
four years, receiving a plurality of 440 votes, which
was highly complimentary considering that only three
other candidates on the same ticket, the Republican,
were elected. During the winter he has been an active
member of the California Senate, and through his
instrumentality a bill was recently passed, establishing
a State Reform School.

*O6,

Cc. H. Watson is head book-keeper for the Ndérth-
western Mutual Life Insurance Co., of Milwaukee.
He has been with that company in one capacity or
another for cighteen years.

16S.

W. A. Wells is teaching and farming at Corning,

Clay county, Arkansas

r

Paul J. Wilkins, in the fall of 1887, accepted the
position of Assistant Professor in the Missouri School
of Mines at Rolla, Mo., and still holds the position.
He has been married fifteen years and has two
daughters, the elder of whom entered the St. Louis
High School last January.

"70,

W. E. Fraser, M. L., of Fernandina, Florida, writes
that he ‘‘ came near traveling paradise way" last season
in the yellow fever epidemic, but is none the worse for
it now.

“VI.

Doctor Byron D. Halsted has recently been appointed
to the professorship of botany at Rutgers College,
New Brunswick, New Jersey.

725
J. T. Fraser is practicing as V. 5. in Savannah, Ga.
Ransom M. Brooks was slowly improving in health
when last heard from, January 1o, r88q.

Hon, Frank L. Carpenter of Grand Rapids, writes |

Litigation is rampant and I am very busy.

than he knew—or at least full as well."*

"F4--
Henry A. Haigh's ‘‘ Manual of Law and Forms '' is
selling very extensively. The publishers expect to
sell 20,000 copies of the book during 1489.

William Cook is now on his second term as Super-
intendent of Schools of Marshall county, Dakota. His
address is: Britton, Dakota.

Dr. John K. Gailey has been one of the miost
influential of the founders and upbuilders of Harper
Hospital, Detroit, and is still actively engaged in the
work.

R. H. McDowell was a delegate to the meeting of the
Directors of Experimental Stations, held at Knoxville,
. Tenn.

Pres. Charles L. Ingersoll represented the Fort Col-
lins Experimental Station at the Knoxville meeting. He
reports the Colorado Agricultural College to be in a
flourishing condition. The college recently received
one of the largest appropriations in the history of the
institution and with no opposition.

"75:

Chas. W. Sheldon is dairyman and gardener at
Fremont, Nebraska. He is prosperous but his busi-
ness takes all his time ; so he wishes to sell his interest
in dairying. He has 160 acres of land now worth $100
per acre.

Louis D. Niles expects to take the degree of LL. B.
in June next, after that to practice law or medicine,
probably law.

D. F. Griswold is succeeding fairly well at farming
at Northville, Mich.

C. 5, Ingersoll is Insurance Agent and Adjuster at
Garden City, Kansas.

(has. A. Sturgis of Centerville is county clerk of St.

Joseph county.
‘oh.
Robert E. Caine in the lumber business at Kalkaska
was burned out in the recent fire there.

TT.
W. 0. Fritz is now at La Fayette, Ind.
"78.

James P. Lewis is manager of the Lewis Hardware
and Implement Co., Lincoln, Nebraska, and is pros-
pering.

A. A. Robinson is now. general manager of the
Detroit Motor Co.; he was engaged in farming and the
lumber business before he took up his present work.
He still owns a farm.

: at's . The man | at Elmira, Otsego county, Mich.
who invented litigation builded on a rock, and better |

——————————

Ne

a SE . = 2 mn

Eugene Gregory is teaching at Sturgis, Mich.

William K. Prudden is secretary and treasurer of the
Lansing Wheel Works.

Henry ¥Y. Clark is in the third year of his pastorate

Emmor ©. Ladd is a farmer and fruit growing at
Old Mission, Grand Traverse county. He reports on
agricultural topics for several journals, also for Far-
mers’ Clubs,

79
A. O, Crozier has been re-elected secretary of the
American Horticultural Society. He is still botanist
at the lowa Experiment Station.

John 0. Thomas is farmer and pedagogue at Wre-
ford, Davis county, Kansas. —

C. P. Cronk graduated from the medical department
of the Columbia University in 1888. He now. has full
charge of the U. S. Signal Service office at Baltimore,
and has three assistants.

Prof. L. G. Carpenter is engaged in gathering ma-
terial on irrigation and kindred subjects fora mono-

graph forthe Paris Exposition, He has been collecting
books on the subject of irrigation; he already has a
very large collection in English and French, and now
has an agent in Italy gathering Italian works on the
subject.

Thomas E. Dryden, Miss Augusta Wilcox, married,
Wednesday, Feb, 6, i889. At home after Feb. zoth,
Allegan, Michigan.

WITH "79.

A. B. Swift is a State Representative from Eaton

county.

A. B. Cortwright is farming at Charlotte.
"Bo,
Cc. T. Crandall has been Prosecuting Attorney of

Iron county during the last four years, and has the
office for the next two years.

The item inthe November number of THE SPECULUM
concerning Mr. W. W. Remington is incorrect. He
is market-gardner at Greeley.

WITH ‘So.

Ira T. Sayre is attorney at law at Flushing, also
secretary of the Flushing R'y Co,

"BI.

William 5. Delano is grower of field and garden
seeds at Lee Park, Valley county, Nebraska.

J.-L. H. Knight is a farmer and stock-breeder at
Lee's Park, Custer county, Nebraska, His specialty
is Poland China swine,

C. W. McCurdy, at the head of thé department of
biology and geology in the Winona High School, has

classes in geology, botany, and physiology, and puts
in his leisure hours in classifying and cataloguing the

- materialin the museum,

Frank E. Robson passed a portion of his winter in H

resisting the small-pox, but has now completely
recovered,

A. B. Turner is teaching at Burr Oak,

Dr. Byron 5. Palmer has the position of dentist on
the medical staff of St. Joseph's Hospital of Chicago,
THE SPECULUM.

~ and is also Clinical Instructor in the Dental Depart-
ment of the Northwestern University.

W. R. Hubbert is practicing medicine at Michigan
City, Dakota.

A. W. Voight is married, has one child, and is pros-
pering in the furniture business at Los Angeles, Cal.

Jason Woodman has been re-elected Lecturer of the

State Grange.
“With ’8r.

Hospital Training School for male nurses and is now |

engaged in his profession in Detroit.
"Bz.

Prof. L..H. Bailey delivered several lectures at Insti-

tutes this winter, which were very well received.

He |) Lee Park, Custer Co., Nebraska, where he will engage

79

than two years, and writes that he is getting along
nicely.

Wilford C. Stryker is a physician and druggist at
Los Angeles, California, and thinks that region the
the finest on the globe.

Chas. Grimes is now teaching near St. Louis.

W. D. Barry, during the last two years, has been
surveying railroad lines in Utah, Colorado, and Cali-
fornia, and when last heard from was at Wilson's Point,

j. G. Sleeth has completed the course in the Bellevue | Louisiana, His permanent address is Conway Springs,

Summer Co., Kansas.

A. W. Sutton, of Morenci, has been married twa

| years and is the proud possessor ofa boy and a farm.

is now at Cornell, and likes his position there very |

‘well.

E. N. Ball is Secretary of the Michigan Merino Sheep |
Breeders’ Association, also edits the Register of the |

Association.
Will E. Hale has an heir,
JA. J. Chappel is druggist at Pinckney, Livingston
county.
James L. McClear is city attorney and attorney-at-
law in Negaunee,
Jeff H. Irish of Detroit, Minn., is county attorney,
Fred C, Snyder is now completing his second term
as supervisor of Eureka township, Montcalm county,
With ‘S82.
C. S&S. Park is a physician at Hubbardston,
county.

John J. Bohn is editor and part proprietor of the
Hotel World, Chicago.

Tonia

"3.
John T. Mathews is attorney and solictor at Ithaca,
Mich,
W. A. Bahlke is attorney-at-law at Alma.

H. W. Collingwood is now managing cditor of the
Rural New Yorker, and also has a financial interest in

the journal.
~H. W. Baird is studying law with Uhl and Crane of

Grand Rapids.
Ralph Allison, son of Professor and Mrs. A. C. Red-

ding, died March 6th, aged two years.

J. H. Smith, Superintendent of Public Schools,
Durango, Colorado, has recently had ‘his salary ad-
vanced from $150 to S1go per month,

Milton Delano has removed from Oxford, Mich., to

in the seed business with his brothers.
Wirt "84,
Arthur M, Knapp is farmer at Muir.

W. H. Preston is with the American Exchange Bank,
at Duluth, Minn.
"5.
Frank M. Woodmansee is an attorney at Vermont-
ville, also one of the circuit court commissionersof

| Eaton county.

John W. Mathews is Secretary of the Barry county

' Board of Examiners ; he is located at Hastings, and

| §.C.

[in the Junior class,

was married on February 14th to Miss Dora E. Ken-
nedy of that town.

R, M. Bates is attorney-at-law at Hastings, Mich.
James Y. Clark was married February 6th.

Wilbur I. Power received the degree of M. D, from
the Detroit College of Medicine on March 25th.

J. KR. Newton is teaching and farming at Liberty,

Edwin 5, Antisdale is studying medicine at U. of M.,
He writes that he has become
stronger than he was at any time while at M. A. C.

D. J. Stryker is in the west, traveling for J. C. Ayer
& Co.

F. L. Chappell is at Cooper, Barry county, engaged

| in-reading the commentaries of Mr. Blackstone.

Ben C. Porter was married to Miss Fannie Day of ©

Grandville, Nov, 14, 1888.
established their home on a farm about one be-
tween Grandville and Grand Rapids.

A. F. Kinnan is superintendent of schools at Big
Springs, Texas.

C. H. Eldridge, M. D., is practicing medicine at
Toledo, Ohio.

Andrew Park has held his present position as fore-
man in the Wabash R'y Passenger yards for more

Mr. and Mrs. Porter have.

"a,
A. L. Nichols intends to give up farming in a short
time and devote his energies wholly to teaching.

John Hooker of New Baltimore, Mich., graduated |
March 4th from the American Veterinary College, New
York City.

WR. Rummiler is going in a law office again next
summer, During the winter he was clerk of The
Grand Hotel, Spokane Falls, Washington Territory.

Orrin O. Dunham spent last summer in the wheat
business along the Red River of the North in Dakota.
He is now teaching at Elsie, Mich.

C. F. Lawson is collection and discount clerk in the
Peninsular Savings Bank of Detroit. His address is
21 Edmund Place, Detroit, Mich.
So

——— ———

_—— Seialiaena -- Te

Jos. B. Cotton is junior member of the firm of Mc |

Gindley and Cotton, attorneys-at-law and notaries
public, Duluth, Minn. He says he has passed through
the “‘demnition starvation period,"’ and looks hope-
fully toward the future.

WITH 786.

William M. Badcock is engaged in farming and - at East Saginaw.

‘gardening at Millington, Somerset county, N.Y.
1 Bhs
7.

H. L. Chapin is of the firm of Chamberlain & ,

Chapin, civil engineers and surveyors, St. lenace,

; SILOS AND

Mich. He attended the annual meeting of the Michi- |
gan Engineering Association held at Lansing last win- |

ter.

George C. Crandall helped in vaccinating during the
small-pox scare at Ann Arbor last winter.

George C. Hume has taken up a homestead claim in

Estes, Walla Walla county, Washington Territory, |

and will build himself a log-house soon, Watch the |
| construction of a good silo, its esseutial features, the

| most economical methods of cutting the fodder and

‘87 items in future issues of THE SPECULUM.
WITH ‘87.

Albert Woodmansee is principal of the school at |

Roxbury, Kansas.
88.
L. A. Bregger is with F. A. Chapman, florist, Grand
Rapids; he is said to be working thirty-six hours a

day in- the cutting and propagating rooms, which we |

can easily believe, barring the arithmetic of it.

Clark Hubbell is studying law in a Port Huron law | and unceasing competition in allindustries; The strug-

office.

A. E. Bulson, Jr., has been studying during the win-
ter at the Chicago Medical College. During his six
months’ vacation, he travels fora Chicago drug house
at a very liberal salary.

Nelson S. Mayo graduated with honors on March 21st

THE SPECULUM,

P. P, Chapman is at Buckeye, Tenn., manager of a
store run in connection with a coal mine.

W. R. Hawkins is attending a business college in
Chicago.
WITH ‘91.
R. C. Smith is working for Bartlett & Co., machinists,

=

REVIEWS.

Sivace.— fy Prof, A, J. Cook.

One of the neatest little contributions to agricultural
literature that we have seen was recently issued by
Prof. Cook. Its title, The Silo and Silage, is alone suf-
ficient at this time to attract attention, and the reader
of its pages will not be disappointed. It gives in plain
and easy language some of the advantages of the silo,
the results of feeding silage as determined in practice,
the cheapest way to raise the silage, size and method of

filling the silo, and, last of all, some directions upon
the feeding of silage and the stock for which it is best
suited, It may be had of Prof. Cook by inclosing 25
cents, and is well worth the small outlay of money,
particularly if the buyer have any lurking notion of
building a silo, which he will be quite likely to do after

| reading this little “primer.”

from the Chicago Veterinary College, receiving the |

degree D. V. 5-
WITH "88.
Herbert Thurtell is traveling fora St. Paul, Minne-
sota, drug firm.

D. M. Meyers is principal of the school at Ada, Mich,

department of the Northwestern University. He ex-
pects to graduate in June next.
C. M. Underhill is. attending a business college in
Chicago. ae
WITH ‘89.

Will Needham is fireman on switch engine onthe M. admirable discussions by Professor W. J. Beal of such

Cc. R. R. yards at Lansing.

E. E. Graham is foreman of a lumber yard at Rer-
wick City, St. Mary's parish, Louisiana. .

Married, on March 28th, at Albion, Ind., Mr. George

Loomis Foote to Miss Mott Peterson, both of Albion. |

There, now, didn’t we tell you?
I. B. Winsor went to Washington Ter., April rst.
WITH "go.
Ben Jenks is at Canfield, Ohio, working in the lum-
ber business.

In conclusion he says: “ Thisis atime of severe
gle for existence is fierce in all departments of industry.
Combinations and excessive division of labor cannot
come to the relief of the farmer as they do to those of
other pursuits, yet here, as elsewhere, the fittest alone
survive. It, therefore, behooves the farmer to lay hold
of any and every lever that shall aid him in becoming
master of the situation.”

Tue First REPORT OF THE STATE Forestry Com-
MISSION.—

This volume has appeared since the close of our
last term and we copy a few notes from Garden and
Forest, the ablest journal of its kind printed in the
English language, “The report is a remarkably inter-

: s : ; ing and valuable document. It incl *
DD. L. Davidson is in Chicago, studying in the law | esting neludes dn

account of a forestry convention at Grand. Rapids, at
which there seems to have been a much larger propor-
tion of practical and sensible talk than is usual at such

' meetings, a list of trees and shrubs found in Mich-
| igan, and a large number of useful illustrations. The

most important portions of the report are the briefand

| subjects as forest management in southern Michigan,
. forest fires, the succession of forests in northern Mich-

igan, cutting and removing logs for lumber, a lumber-

| camp. new uses for certain kinds of timber and the

| tion regarding forestry."

amount of pine yet remaining in Michigan.

“There are interesting communications from Pro-
fessor A. J. Cook, Eugene Davenport, A. E. Glidden
A. A. Luce, T. T. Lyon, Geo. D. Moore, W. K. Sexton.
Prof. V. M. Spalding, B. W. Steere, A. 5S. Kedzie, J.
H. Moores, Geo. C. Nevins, Hon, J. T. Rich. If every
public library in the country could have a copy of this
report it would vitally aid the work of popular educa.
THE SPECULUM.

CIGAKETTE SMOKERS who-are willing to pay a litthe more |

than the
find THIS BRAND superior to all others.

The Richmond Straight Cut No.1 Cigarettes are made from

ice charged for the ordinary trule Cigarettes, will |

“4
| WM. H. PRENTICE
H

the brightest, most delicately flavored and highest cost GoLp |

LEAF grown in Virginia. ‘This is the Onn ann Onpoina.

bRAND oF StRArouT Cut Cigarettes, and was brought out by |

us in the. year 1875.
the firm name as below, is on every package.
ALLEN “& GINTER, Manufacturers, Richmond, Va.

filam, Richmond Strught Cut Ne. 1; Richmond Gem Curly

Cut; Dixie Chop Cut and Old Rip Brands of Fine Smoking
Tobacco.

F. N. ROUNSVILLE,

DEALER IN

Fresh & Salt Meats!

POULTRY AND FISH IN SEASON.

104 Cedar Street.

Beware of Imitations, and observe that |

|
j
|

|

ART. G. EEF,

PRENTICE & KIEF,

= Merchant ¥ Tailors.

FI E

Pantings, Suitings & Overcoatings.

MILITARY UNIFORMS A SPECIALTY.

A Perfect Fit Guaranteed.

Removed to 224 Washington Ave. South,

LANSING, MICH.

Sirk Hats PRESSED AND CLEANED.

Blanchard & Beebe

BOOTS and SHOES

AT THE LOWEST PRICES.

Cail and see before purchasing elsewhere.

BLANCHARD & BEEBE,
218 Washington Ave., Smith Block
Repairing Neatly Done.

wee rs = =

231, 233, 235, 237 Washington Avenue S., LAnNsinc, Micu. © .
Thoroughly Equipped Departments for ;

Commercial, Shorthand and

i li ned een three sides, perfect in convenience.
furnished, : ' Visitors welcome.

any . time.

ipewriting, Special. Penmanship and English Branches.

Rooms large, well
Students may enter at

| JOHNSON & MINER, Proprietors and Managers of the Michigan School Bureau. ..
THE

FoR

FINE PHOTOGRAPHS

CASSEY & O0.,

Jrer Lansing Natlonal Bauk, .

———

Special Rated to Students.

THE SPN ATE

bauneh Rooms!

114: Washington Avenue.

=

STUDENTS' PATRONAGE SOLICITED.
RALL & McIVEX, Proprietors.

es oe

P, F, OLDa. EE, OTS,

P. F. OLDS & SON,

Manulfaeturers of the celebrated
One-Horee Power

GASOLINE ENGINE.

Also a foll line of

VERTICAL BALANCED ENGINES

Of from 3 to 60 Horse- Power.

Works, No, aat River Street, Lansing, Michigan,

DAY AND WEG. |

SPECULUM.

PRENTICE & - KIlEF,
MERCHANT TAILORS,

Always carry a full lime of

Foreign and Domestic Woaolens.
MILITARY SUITS A SPECIALTY.

A PERFECT FIT GUARANTEED.
224 Washington Ave. South. Laxsina, Mrenw.

BEE-KEEPER’S GUIDE,

nee

Manual of the Apiary,

14,000 sold sinee 1876. San sold sinte May, 1883. 15th 1,000
wholly revised. much enlarged, and many cuetly
iustrations added.

Price, by mail, $1.25. Liberal discaqat to dealers and for
clubs.

Registered Shropshires and Short Horns of the most fashlon-
able strains for sale,

A J. COOK, Author and Publisher,
Lansing, Mich,

W. RAPLEE,

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

JEWELRY, WATCHES, CLOCKS,

- Diamonds, Silver and Plated Ware.

119 Washington Ave, Lansing.

——— ——

REPAIRING NEATLY DONE.

a

STUDENTS FIND AT

| W. FRARY'S STORE

A large and fine line of

GENTS HATS # CAPS!

IN ALL THRE LATEST STYLES. .
THE SPECULUM.

I. 8. MOFFETT
Turk Tobacco Store,’ ge ye ge 7 ST?

11 Washington Ave. South, Twenty-two years’ experience asa Practical

Headquarters for everything in the line of Smokers’ | Dentist. The only Dentist in Lansing who
outfits. i is a graduate of a Dental College.

All the choice brands of Cigars and Cigarettes.

Brice Work or TeerH Wirnour
SMOKING AND CHEWING TOBACCOS. | PLATES. GOLD OR PORCELAIN

Boys, when in town call at the Turk. | CRow NS,

Cc. W. DEARIN. | Office over Lansing National ‘Bank, Lansing.

BEST GOODS! SEELY
DRUGS, PERFUMES, SPECTACLES,

CITY HALL BLOCK,

]. A. TURN ER, | Lansing, Mich.

Prices true Lowksr.

Successor to A. Turner. OO. B DBLATITL,

G ROC F R | E S! ! Confectioneries, Ice Cream Parlor

AND LUNCH ROOM.
ue ‘Michigan Avenue East.

———— + em ae ee - Se ee

rig Michigan Ave., Lansing.

You will find the Largest Assortment of 4

Fine Boots & Shoes First Has ue

Hh NW. Washington Ave,

ee

_ A
Aas
or

Repairing

Neaty JIMMY MARKEY.

_:.. Bones

ELG IN MIFFLIN,
£adies’ and Gentlemen’ s Fine Furnishi ng Goods,

103 WASHINGTON AVENUE NORTH.

More of them, better made, finer and cheaper. Am speaking now of my
Hat stock, an inspection of which will convince you that they are correct in
style and unquestionably right in price. The light Derby I offer at $2.50 is
the best hat ever offered at that price. Neckwear, Underwear, Hosiery, Shirts,
Handkerchiefs, in fact anything in the line of gentlemen’s fine furnishings you
will find my place headquarters. Be ELGIN MIFFLIN.

THE SPECULUM.

YOU WILL, FIND US

Directly opposite Lansing House, in one of the Best

Ground Floor Photograph Galleries

In the State. We do all kinds of work known to the art, and always trv to excel
all competition. We shall not allow any photographer to UNDERSELL Us.

We offer Special Inducements to all connected with the State Agricultural College.

~SAVIGNY & CHRISTMAS.
COLLEGE BOYS Make A, M. EMERYW’S Book Store
3 yo

ur Headquarters while you ‘ wait for the wagon.

: College Text Books and Stationery Constantly on Hand.
A Large Stock of Miscellaneous Books, Albums, Paintings, Engravings.

Gold Pens, Wirt’s Fountain Pens, Picture Frames and Wall Paper,
at Reduced Rates to the Students.

Pror. McEwan’s $S1oo Liprary in stock.
A. M. EMERY, 113 Michigan Avenue.

re

Michigan ¢ State # Agricultural College,

P.0., Agricultural College. Express and Freight Office, Lansing.

The institution has a teaching force of twenty professors and instructors, and is thoroughly
equipped with apparatus for scientific inv estigation, and with machinery and tools for the
use of students in the Department of Mechanic Arts,

The Library contains nearly 10,000 volumes, consisting largely of scientific works.

The General Museum and Museums of Botany, Forestry, and Veterinary are well filled.

FOUR YEARS ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE COURSE

—— WHICH EMBRACES ——

Chemtsiry, Mathematics, Alechanies, Drawing, Boiany, Zoology, Velerin-
ary, Bnglish Language and Literature, French,
German, dnd Miliary Jaciics. ; .

Three hours’ labor on each working day, except Saturdays. Maximum rate paid for
labor, eight cents an hour, .
RatTEs.—Tuition free. Club boarding, from $2.00 to $2.50 per week.

CALENDAR FOR THE YEARS 1888-9.

Summer term begins May 21; closes August 10; commencement August 14. School
ear opens Monday, August 27. Fall term closes November 16. Spring term (1889)
‘egins Monday, February. 25.

For catalogue apply to Epwin Wut.irs, President, or Henry G, Reynorps, Sec’y.
THE SPECULUM.

The M. C. Lilley & Co.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

MILITARY GOODS OF ALL KINDS.

REGALIA SUPPLIES, BAND EQUIPMENTS, AND

UNIFORMS

OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS.

Special Inducements to Students and those getting up Clubs or Companies.

COLUMBUS, OHIO.

JOHN HERRMANN,

~Qerchant Gailor

228 Washington Ave. N.,
Opposite Opera House Block,
Keeps the largest election of fine Cloths
in Central Michigan.

STYLE AND WORKMANSHIP THE VERY BEST

Hao

THE CLOTHIER.
Headquarters for Fine Clothing ©

Hats, Caps and Gents’ Furnishing Goods
& Bpeciaity.

STUDENTS and OYHERS, Give vs a Call!

112 Washington Avenue North.

U. H. FORESTER,

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

Books, Stationery, Toys, Fancy Goods

THE BIG WINDOW, WASHINGTON AVE.,

JAMES ENNIS,

to Michigan Avenue.

CUSTOM MADE

BOOLS = == SMORS

Repairing Neaty and «d Pralapiiy Attended to.

LANSING, - re 7 ae MICHIGAN. _ ‘Students’ patronage solicited.
THAT CLOCK ON THE WINDOW
GEC. Hi, COLE, Is for-the benefit of the public, and aleo to mark
DENTIST, 5. B. MORGAN, Jeweler,

Washington Avenue, LANSING, MICHIGAN.

I MAKE WATCH KEPAIRING A SPECIALTY.

After securing your work once, I will endeavor to keep your
palronage by doing it well.

FRANK WELLS,

HEADQUARTERS FOR

AMERICAN WATCHES

JEWELRY, AND PRESENTATION
" ARTICLES.

VOISELLE & LAROSE,

HEADQUARTERS FOR

Wall Paper & Decorations.
THE SPECULUM

NOTICE.— You are cordially invited to inspect our large stock of

Mens and Boys’ Clothing,

Hats, Murnishing Goods ano Neckwear. |

Knee Pants from four to fourteen years. Mrn’s $1.00 PANTS A SPECIALTY.

Yours truly,

MODEL CLOTHING HOUSE.

109 Washin gton Avenue. Lansing, Mich.

ee

FURNITURE! hf

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF

W friting Tables, Desks, Chairs, &é.,

ALWAYS ON HAND.

EXTRA SPECIAL

FIGURES TO STUDENTS.

M. J. BUCK, Opposite the Opera House.

FRED SHUBER,

BOOTS, SHOES AND) RUBBERS

210 Washington Avenue,

Postoffice Block, - Lansing, Mich,

Lawn Tennis Goods, Best Made.

T. H. SEDINA

IS MAKING

Pants that do not Bagt at the Knees!

Have the right of the City on this Patent,

Dress Suits a Specialty!

Bes If you want a good fitting Military
suit be sure to call on

T. H, SEDINA.

A. J. FREE’S TONSORIAL PARLOR,

196 Michigan Avenue, Lansing,

IS THE PLACE TO GET THE BEST WORK DONE!

A large force of skilled workmen always ready to please customers,
THE SPECULUM.

a

CHIGAGO MEDICAL COLLEGE,

Corner Prairie Avenue and 26th Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
Medical Department of the Northwestern University. Session of 1889-90.
N. 5. DAVIS, M. D., Li. D., Dean.

The Thirty-first Annual Course of Instruction will begin Tuesday, September 2yth, 18%, and close Tuesday, April 2aoth, 190.
The course of instruction is graded, students being divided into first, second and third year classes. Applicants for admission
must present diplomas or certificates from recognized colleges, schools of science, academies, high schools, or teachers’ certifi-
cates of the first or second grade, or sustain a preliminary examination.

The method of instruction is conspicuously practical, and is applied in the wards of the Mercy and St. Luke's Hospitals daily
at the bedside of the sick, in the College Amphitheatres, and in the South Side Dispensary attached to the College, where upwards
of fourteen thousand patients are treated annually. Fees: Matriculation $3, Lectures, first and second years, each, $75, third
year free. Demonstrator $10, including material. Operative Surgery $5, including material, Laboratory #;. Breakage (re-
turnable) $5. Hospitals: Mercy $6, for third year students; St. Luke's $5, for second year students; final examination $30. Wo
extra feea for Private Classes or Microscopical Laboratory.

For further information or announcement address

FRANE BILLINGS, M. D., Scc'y, 235 State Street, Chicago, Il.

ace —

New England Clothing Store,

116 Washington Avenue South, LANSING, MICH.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

CLOTHING, GENTS’ FURNISHING GOODS, HATS and CAPS.

Suitings for the old and young—Men’s, Youths', Boys and Children’s—always in stock and at prices that
defy competition. Special inducements to students. ;

The Largest, Brightest and Lightest Store, and the best stock to select from in Lansing. : ;

Specialties in Gents’ Fine Furnishings. Don’t pass us by when in want of anything in our line. Call in.

H. RAZEK, the Low Price Clothier.

B. F. SIMMONS,

104 WASHINGTON AVENUE,
Displays the Finest and Largest Stock of

Bry Geeds and Carpets!

THAT HAS EVER BEEN OPENED IN THE CITY.

You will always find Goods as Represented, and our Prices at the Bottom.

ost? GILloT rg |
Dteel “Pens.

FOR ARTISTIC USE in finc drawings
' Nos. row-quill), 290 and gags,
3 FOR FINE Wit a,
No. 73s and Ladies’, 170.
: , FOR BROAD WRITING,~ i
oe. ie | aoe Stub Point, 849.
FOR GENERA id,
Nos. 404, 392, 990 and Gog.

THE MOST PERFECT OF PENS.

Geld Medal Paris Exposition, IBT8.
Joseph Gillott & Sons, gi John St., New York.

Horsfords

ACID PHOSPBATE.

Prepared according to the Directions of Pror. E. NW. Honsronnp,

ESPECIALLY RECOMMENDED FOR

Dyspepsia, Nervousness, Exhaustion, Headache, Tired
Brain, and all Diseases arising from Indizvestion and Nerve Exhaustion.

This is not a compounded “patent medicine,” but a preparation of the
Phosphates and Phosphoric Acid in the form required by the system.

It aids Digestion without injury, and is a beneficial Food and Tonic for
the Brain and Nerves.

It makes a Delicious Drink with watcr and sugar. only, and agrees with
such stimulants as are hnecessdry to take.

Dr. E. W. Hit, Glens Falls, N. Y., says: “An excellent remedy for
atonic Dyspepsia, Nervous and General Debility, or any low state of the
system.”

Dr. D. A. STEWART, Winona, Minn., says: ‘Entire satisfaction in cases

of Perverted Digestion, Loss of Nerve Power, Mal-nutrition and kindred
ailments.”

Dr. G. H. Leacn, Cairo, Ills., says: ‘‘Of great power in Dyspepsia and

nervous prostration.”

Descriptive Pamphlet free. :

Rumford Ghemical Works, Fvovidence, R, |,

BEWARE OF SUBSTITUTES AND IMITATIONS

Caurion.—Be sure the word “Horsford’s” is printed on the label. All others are
spurious. Never sold in bulk.