THE SPECdLUM.

SS

rr

VoLuME VIII.— No. 6.

An American Customs Union.

=

H. A. MAKTIN, OLYMPIC SOCIETY.

For the purpose of securing the extension
of our commerce many reciprocity treaties
have been negotiated; but from the numerous
depressions in business and the low prices of
our farm products the need of obtaining bet-
ter commercial relations is apparent.

It is strange, but nevertheless true, that
countries farther away, of less energy and
enterprise, brave the dangers of oceans and
come to the countries south and west of us and
monopolize the market. How humiliating
it is to see other nations coming from 5,000
to 10,000 miles to southern countries and sell-
ing from five to ten times as much as we do,
with all oyr boasted enterprise. We have
ample means for supplying all the merchan-
dise that goes to these countries. and we
would supply a good share of it, if the pro-
posed Customs Union be adopted.

This union has for its basis the same prin-
ciples as a like system in Germany called the
Zollverein, and it would bring about the
same freedom of trade on the American
Continent as we now enjoy between the
states of our own government. It is not
intended to materially change the tariff upon
the imports from European countries, but
merely to make the rates uniform in all the
countries forming the union and to establish
the utmost freedom of exchange with each
other. The discrepancy in weights and
measures, Which now causes so much incon-
venience, would be equalized and reduced to
a common standard, There would also be a
fair chance to establish a uniform currency
basis, whereby the surplus of the mines
could be utilized and adjusted according to

the number of people, so as to supply the

AGRICULTURAL Co. LEGE

== PS SSS I

Me “ty MAY 10, 1886, WHOLE No, 36.

a ee — —

commercial needs of each country of America,

Many will say that this is a blow at the
tariff, which is fitting us to compete with
others in these markets; but, if they will
give the subject a fair amount of study, they
will see that protective duties between these
countries and the United States are positive
hindrances instead of benefits to our com-
merce. If, as claimed by so many, we must
have high protective duties for our manu-
factures to compete with European countries
within our borders, then, to do so in foreign
lands it is certain that we must secure privi-
leges there, not given to our rivals.

Our small amount of trade with the states of
South America is claimed by the protectionist
to be due to the cheap labor and abundant
capital of Europe; hence our inability to
compete with the manufacturers of those
nations; while on the other hand, the so-
called free-traders say it is occasioned by
the high prices of raw materials and cost of
living caused by the high protective duties.
Were this scheme adopted it would certainly
overcome the dificulties which these theorists
say exist; for with common rates of duties
on European goods and a free market for
American goods, we could easily compete
with them in the southern markets.

The revenue that we receive from these
southern countries is exceedingly small as
compared with the tax levied upon our pro-
ducts at their custom-houses, and many of
our imports from these countries are free from
duties; hence, the tendency to reduce the
tariff surplus would not be as great even as
would be desirable.

There are many things to be gained by a
closer relation to our neighboring nations;
for many are the blessings that nature has
bestowed upon them, such as are not found
$2

THE SPECULUM.

elsewhere.

They are countries of hidden mines, majestic
trees and luscious fruits. Is it not well
worth an effort to obtain such a grand field
for American enterprise and commerce?
On account of the similarity of climate and
productions in places situated on the same
lines of latitude that mutual advantage, so
essential to successful trace, is not so easily
obtained between such countries, as between
countries on the same line of longitude.

The restrictions put upon the importation
of our agricultural products by the countries
of Europe, and the headway that England
is making in obtaining supplies from India
and wther provinces, is enough to warn us to
look elsewhere for an outlet for our surplus
productions, or our agriculture will receive
the blow that is falling by the under-con-
Financial ruin
is inevitable to a business when there is no
market for the products. Would a decrease in
production produce relief? It might increase
prices, but it would also increase the cost of
living, besides idleness and pauperism, the
first stations on the road to crime. The most
feasible way of obtaining relief lies in the
extension of our commercial relations with
neighboring states, and intensifying the Mon-

sumption scheme of Europe,

roe Doctrine by a united opposition to the |

Commercial Supremacy of any European
power over the states of America,

One of the first things to be considered,
when such a union is formed, will be the
means of transportation. With a merchant
marine carrying but from ten to twenty per
cent. of our imports and exports, it is certain
that we, at present, can do little in controlling
the carrying trade of the hemisphere; but,
what a grand opportunity would here be
given for reviving the languished condition
of our ocean commerce. By giving the
benefits of the favored scheme to our pro-
ducts, only when carried by the parties to
_-the contract and having their vessels privi-
leged from tonnage duties and national

Better lands are not found than |
those lying south of the United States.

imposts, there would be a great incentive t
the building and manning of ships of com
merce, thus opening the way to the restora
tion of our flag, on the high seas, from it
present humiliating position, to one of prow
rivalry with any on the globe. Then wi
we be placed in a way to secure a fair shar
of the trade with the West Indies and th
countries across the Pacific, which need, an
would take, more of our products, if the
were better known in their markets. Beside

| the gain to our shipping interests, we woul

realize rich results from the extension of ov
railway system through Mexico to a doze
republics farther south,

But the question arises as to whether th
southern states will join us in such a unio
Of course it is not expected that they will a
rush forward to join the league at the begir
ning. Itds thought, if two or three partic
form the league, the others will, withor
doubt, see the advantages arising from a
increased trade, and eventually seek admi
sion, Many of these countries, through tk
reciprocity treaties made with us, have show
a desire to obtain better commercial relation
Several years ago the president of Mexic
said that the people of that country we1
disposed to do everything in their power |
facilitate the trade between Mexico and tl
United States, and that they would go as f:
as our government in this direction. Tl
expending of $200,000 by that nation f
her exhibits, at the New Orleans expositio
indicates a

desire for a wore intima

With all the advantages ari
ing under such a union and a willingness c

acquaintance.

| the part of others to join with us in formir

it, why not take active measures to obta:
the lasting friendship and trade of our sist
nations?

It is not a question advocated from a pa
tisan political:standpoint, but from a stan.
point of honest statesmanship. There
nothing in the system that a _protectioni
could object to; for it extends the borders

protection, and gives advantages to our ma

tron
cers

THE SPECULUM.

83

ufacturers inother countries besides our own.
On the other hand, the free-trader cannot
object to it, for there would be greater free-
dom of trade, and it would demonstrate the
advantages of a free market.

The success of the Customs League of Ger-
many shows that great good can be accom-
plished for the commerce of countries so
united. At first, several of her States would
not join the union, for fear that some unseen
power was preparing to spring forth and
annihilate their commerce and revenue. In
a comparatively short time their fear passed
away, and they sought and gained admission
to the union, which they now regard as the
greatest safeguard to their commerce. So
may we regard a like system, if we will
but extend our hand to the nations of Amer-
ica, and assist them in developing their mar-
velous resources and the promotion of their
prosperity. Such a policy would give us
power among the nations of the world: far
greater and more enduring, than we can ever
obtain by the art of war. bor

It is trade, and not the control of a greater
extent of territory, that we need. It would

be far better to see our flag supplant that of ©

England on the seas, than to see. it an
emblem of political sovereignty everywhere
on the American continent.

Let the dictates of right, justice and
equity prevail and the States of America
will rejoice over the formation of this al-
liance, and the great blessings that will flow
from it.

Borrowing.

R, B, MC PHERSON, ECLECTIC SOCIETY.

Borrowing is essentially a human charac-
teristic and is confined to man and man alone.
Inits generally accepted sense it means, *‘tak-
ing from another with the intention of re-
turning an equivalent.” Brute nature, not
distinguishing between right and wrong and

living only for self-gratification, never at-_

q
a

t
a
a

source whatever, though man by reason of
his superiority often compels such a return,
On the other hand the higher man’s civiliza-
tion and culture becomes the more deeply he
feels the necessity of returning an equivalent
for what he receives and the more he endeav-
ors to meet this obligation.

There has always been much criticism
upon the practice of borrowing and com-
paratively little has been said in its favor.
This criticism is undoubtedly caused by ‘a
failure on the part of many persons, who
make a practice of borrowing, to fulfill their
part of the obligation. Then, too, the persons
who make these criticisms look only upon
one side of the question and fail to notice the
advantages which would be lost. were this
practice to cease entirely. Yet there should
undoubtedly be some limitations placed upon
the practice for if too frequent and common
both lender and borrower are injured—the
lender by the injury and loss of value of
what he lends and the too excessive tax upon
his generosity; the borrower by the instilla-
tion of a feeling of dependence on his neigh-
bor, and by a continually increasing load of
obligations under which he either breaks
down or gets rid of at a great loss to himself.

‘Tf a man allows himself to become under
too extensive obligations to another he is
tempted to use dishonest means to release
himself from these obligations; or to avoid
meeting them, he may defraud the lender.
Yet with all this liability of harm coming
from the excessive practice of this custom,
when governed by reasonable restraint the
benefits certainly much overrule the objec-
tions. ;

But very few of the great mass of man-
kind are in a position where all their reason-
able ambitions and wishes can be gratified
without assistance from outside sources, and
to such as these this practice is most useful.
It is the laudable ambition of a large class of
Americans to own a farm of sufficient size

tempts the return of an equivalent for any- and value that in its possession they may
thing which it may have obtained from any | obtain a livelihood and sufficient means to
84 THE

SPECULUM.

make their lives prosperous and happy.
But such a farm costs money and compara-
tively few persons of this class have sufficient
means to purchase one. But by obtaining a
loan of money at a reasonable rate of interest
for a long time they are enabled to purchase
such a farm, and from the profits will in a
few years be enabled to pay off the debt
and possess the property free from incum-
brance. Much has been said lately about the
farming lands of the country being buried
under mortgages, yet the people that take
this view of the question forget to notice the
fact that the majority of farmers who have
their farms mortgaged for a portion of their
value purchased these farms entirely with
borrowed money. Certainly a man is much
better off who has a farm partially paid for
than one who has not a dollar or a dollar’s
worth of property. A large proportion of
the men who have been conspicuous in the
‘nation’s history have received their first start
towards fame or fortune through the loan of
a book to aid them in their search for an
education or a small sum of money to estab-
lish them in business. Scores of instances
might be cited where a similar circumstance,
trifling in itself, has been the foundation of a
character whose influence in after years has
been felt throughout the length and breadth
of the nation.

The obligations put upon the borrower to
return an equivalent for the loan he has
received causes him to exert himself to <lis-
charge this obligation. Certainly there are
few more noble incentives to work than
the returning to a friend an equivalent for a
kindness he has done you, ‘The tendency to
selfishness and a purely personal love of
gain and distinction is largely preyented by
the necessity of meeting such obligations.
That persons, even under such an incentive
to work, fail to meet obligations which they
should is a fault of man’s nature and not of
this system.

Borrowing undoubtedly began when man
was first obliged to “earn his bread by the

= a —_

sweat of his brow,” and it certainly has been
an ever increasing custom growing and
developing with the advance of civilization.
Among the first records of history we heat
of many lenders and systems of credit. As
commerce and trade among nations and indi.
viduals increased the necessity of having
some system of borrowing and loaning
money for use in commercial affairs led-tc
the establishment of a system of credit anc
exchange similiar to that in existence at the
present time. With such a system articles
of commerce could be purchased to be pai
for at areasonable time in the future or whet
the articles were disposed of. Sothorough
ly has this system taken root in com mercia
circles and so many are its advantages tha
to-day nearly all commercial intercours
is carried on in this. manner. When th
system of money lending became common
interest for loans of money was charged 1
order to compensate the lender for the los
of the use of his money and the risk he in
curred in making this loan. As laws becam
more fixed and money more plenty this rat
of interest has been lowered and in man
cases is controlled by law, thus making -
impossible for a money lender to impos
upon a person who might be forced to bot
row of him.

When we look at the many enormot
enterprises that have been undertaken b
man we can readily see that the wealth c
one man or of several men combined woul
not be sufficient to complete such undertal
ings. But the possibility of obtaining loar
of private individuals, banks, and corpor:
tions has enabled such undertakings to t
carried on with ultimately successful result
In this way the network of railroads th.
cover this continent was built, money lencle
feeling confident that such roads when con
pleted would be able by their earnings °
pay for the expense of their constructio:
What is thus true of interests involvin
money is true in a not less important degr
of all matters pertaining to the well being .
THE SPECULUM.

85

mankind. We keep and care for the wel-
fare of our physical existence through laws
borrowed from knowledge which man has
stored up from generation to generation as
he has progressed in civilization and learning.
_ We train and develop our intellects by laws
borrowed from philosophers and scientists
who lived centuries before the continent on

which we live was supposed to be in exist-
ence. Our moral and religious sentiments
are guarded by many of the same thoughts
and precepts which priests and prophets
established ages before the Christian era.
Man has lived and will continue to live
largely dependent upon his neighbor for his
existence, and as long as such conditions exist
just so long will borrowing be a fixed and
establishell custom.

A Memory.

'T was only the memory of a fragrance sweet,
That over my senses came stealing ;

But it wafted me back to a dreamy retreat,
‘Mid the violets of life's deeper feeling.

Qur daily toils and joys and sorrows -
Are only dark curtains before the heart,

Where dwells a richer life that borrows
‘The deepest joys the past will impart.

Oklahoma.

BE. K. BENTLEY, DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERNITY.

Oklahoma is nearly in the center of the
Indian Territory and comprises about. 3,000
square miles or a little less than 2,000,000
acres. It is completely surrounded by the
Indian reservations. On the north is the
Cherokee outlet, a large tract of fertile land
comprising about 8,000,000 acres; at the
east are the small reservations of the Kicka-
poos, lowas and Pottawatomies; to the south,
the large reservation of the Chickasaws and
on the west that of Cheyennes and Arapa-
hoes, Oklahoma is watered in the southern
part by the north and south forks of the
Canadian river and by the Cimarron river in
the north. The land is fertile and well

| being opened to settlers.

Ts =

adapted to farming and stock raising. There _

is also quite a sprinkling of timber. The

‘region has good railroad connection for the

Atlantic and Pacific, and the Atchison,
Topeka and Santa Fe railroad passes through
the heart of it.

In 1866 Oklahoma was ceded to the
government by the Creek and Seminole
tribes of Indians on the condition that no
white people should be allowed to settle
and that it should be reserved exclusively
for the Indians and freedmen. The small
price paid at that time for the land is an
argument to show that the government had
no expectation of being reimbursed by selling
the land to settlers. Not many years passed,
however, before the whites, especially those
in the states bordering on the Indian Terri-
tory, who are ever ready to snatch from
the Indian any advantage, began to look
towards Oklahoma with longing and jealous
eyes and soon there was a demand for its
This the govern-
ment would not accede to, andsthe avaricious
settlers and speculators thought to take the
matter in their own hands and several incur-

+ sions were made into the Territory under

the leadership of Payne, Crouch and others,
The first invasion made by Payne,
about 1877 or 1878, and like those that fol-
lowed was successful so far as entering the
Territory was concerned, but they were
eventually driven out by government troops. —
After this the “boomers” as they are called
kept quiet for a time. But in the last two
years the demand for the opening of Okla-
homa has been greater than ever and inva-
sions have been made repeatedly under
Pawnee Bill and Hill, but as before they
were driven out by the troops. These
invasions were all made in direct opposition
to proclamations made by Presidents Hayes,
Arthur and Cleveland, and were attended
with more or less bloodshed. The govern-
ment finding that the trouble was increasing
tried to buy the condition of the Indians but
did not succeed. The Indians continued to
86

THE SPECULUM.

= —t

refuse, but at last in the winter of 1555 so
many inducements were offered and so much
pressure brought to bear that for a considera-
tion of four million dollars they agreed to
abolish the condition and thus make the sale
absolute. The Indians however did not do
this entirely of their own free will as con-
siderable sharp practice and political maneu-
vering was resorted to.

At the last session of Congress, Hon.
William
through the house to open Oklahoma to
settlers but it was defeated in the senate.
The fate of this bill was closely watched by
the ** boomers” and when it was defeated they
became more determined than ever to settle
in Oklahoma. Another invasion was in-
tended but President Harrison prevented it
by taking the matter in his own hands and
issuing a proclamation that Oklahoma would
be opened for settlement on the 22d of
April 1889, but he made the restriction that
any person found in the Territory before
that time would not be entitled to a home-
stead. Since the proclamation was made
troops have been busily engaged in scouring

Springer of Illinois got a bill

the region for intruders and driving them
over the border.

In anticipation of the event thousands of
people, previous to April 22d had collected
along the Indian Territory line ready to
begin a race for the more desirable locations
in the promised land. Never in American
history has there been a time of such exten-
sive migration, Even the great rush for
the mines of California during the gold fever
could not compare with it, considering the
time in which it has taken place. The set-
tlers came from nearly all the states of. the
union, but mostly from Illinois, Missouri,
Kansas. They are generally
peaceably inclined, but are ready to defend
their rights with cold lead if necessary and
for this reason many people think there will
be considerable bloodshed even after the
first rush is over. In Oklahoma there are

Towa and

| outlet and staked out claims.

| about twenty-three million acres.

a

a

the territory was opened it was found that

| there were not nearly enough to go round.

Many of the settlers went away disappointed
but others instead of going to their homes
stopped on what is known as the Cherokee
However, they
have no right to this land and will probably
in time be driven out, but not without much
trouble. The people have long envied the
Cherokees the possession of this country and
when the demand was made on the opening
of Oklahoma it covered this region and also
some other reservation, comprising in all
Probably
the tract that they have received appears
very small in the eyes of the settlers com-
pared with the region they hoped te get.
They hope to attain the whole western half
of the Indian Territory and wished to make
a new state of it. Now that a start has been
made they will be continually grasping for
more till their object is accomplished and
probably in time the Indians will have left
but a small portion of their present posses-
sions or will be driven out of the territory.
That the Indians will submit to this without
resisting is highly improbable, and they
already look upon the settlement of Okla-
homa with distrust.

Why the people should be so anxious to
settle on this land in preference to any gov-
ernment lands in the west is probably on
account of its fine situation as regards com-
But the tendency that has charac-
terized the American people from the land-
ing of the pilgrims to the present, to hold
the rights of the Indians as naught compared
with their own, has probably had something

to do with the craze for the settling of Okla-
hema.

merce,

Will—“Say, Frank, what do you call such
a moustache as mine?” Frank—*“I should
say, Will, that it was a faithful moustache.”
Will “Why so, Frank?” Frank —“Be-
cause it is the ‘thubstance’ of things hoped for,

about ten thousand quarter sections and when | the evidence of things not seen.”
THE SPECULUM.

SCIENTIFIC,

Natural History Society.

The meeting of the Natural History So- |

ciety for April r2th was called to order by
President Dewey. The first paper presented
was by C. F. Baker, his subject being “The
Scales on Butterflies and Moths.”

A large number of insects possess these

scales in many form and colors. In shape

they vary from the form of broad Hat scales |

The |

to a cylindrical form resembling hairs.
scaly covering is.most complete with the
Lepidoptera as the name would indicate.
Both sides of the wings of the Lepidop-
fera are covered with regular layers of these
scales. Each scale has a kind of handle at
the base by which it is fiited into a minute
socket in the surface of the wing or body.
The scales are arranged in overlapping rows
like the shingles on a
The outer portion of the scales may be
routitled or pointed or variously toothed.
The scales are usually of a different color on
the upper surface of the wings from what
they are beneath. They also differ in color
and shape on the several parts of the wings

root.

and of the body of the same individual, being |

usually more expanded on the wings and
narrowed and more hair-like on the body.

The scales may be considered as modified
hairs, their only contents being a film of pig-
The walls of the scales are of a very
delicate transparent tissue, usually covered
with longitudinal lines or ridges. These
minute striz have a prismatic effect upon the
light that falls upon the scales, thus giving
the iridescent hues that are common to many
of our butterflies.

An attempt on the part of one of our
great naturalists to classify the Lepidoptera
by means of the scales involved so much
labor and confusion that the scheme was
abandoned.

Mr, Baker’s paper was finely illustrated
and was pronounced good.
was an article by Mr. E. J. Rowley on the

ment.

Following it j

84

“Continuity of Protoplasm.” Mr. Rowley
reported having examined cells from the
young wood of “Esculus glabra, buckeye, in
which he saw the protoplasm extending from
one cell to another through minute openings

in the cell wall.

Mr. AA. B, Cook next read a paper on
“ Muskrats,”
tribution and habits of these animals.

in which he spoke of the dis-

The muskrat is common in all parts of *
Michigan and is benefited rather than injur-
ed by the nearer approach of man, ‘This ts
due to the fact that man increases its food by
means of corn fields and apple orchards and
at the same time ecxterminates its greatest
natural enemy, the mink.

Muskrats burrow only in light soil and
may be kept out of mill dams and aqueducts
a thick layer of A’ muskrat
house examined on the Red Cedar river
showed a long passage way leading from the
water’s edge to the main room situated in
the bank of the river.
lar with a diameter of four feet and had an
air passage terminating in a bunch of wil-
lows. It was also located three feet above
the water level, thus insuring a dry, retreat
in time of flood.

In flat marshy lands they build their
erass and anything

by gravel,

The room was circu-

houses of mud, weeds,
that may be at hand.
The food of the muskrat consists mainly
of the roots of grasses and herbs which
grow near at hand; also clams, the shells of
which may be found in great numbers near
e also fond of apples,

their homes. They are

corm and carrots.

The young are born in April or May ina
nest of grass or fine roots, there being from
four to six at a litter. They are hairless and
helpless when born and do not usually leave
the nest till half grown. The muskrat is

easily caught but the low price of the skins
makes the occupation rather interesting than

profitable.

This paper was followed by a talk by Mr,
L. Churchill on “Feather-bone.”
85 THE SPECULUM.

Feather-bone is an invention of Mr. E. BK.
Warren of Three Oaks, Mich.
ufacture of this article only the tail and large
wing feathers -of our domestic fowls are
used. When dry the feathers are taken
from the store house to the factory where
the quill is soon stripped of its plumage by
At the
machine the quills are split in halves and the

In the man-

a number of rotary shears. next
pith sandpapered from the inside of each.
The halves are then slitted by another
machine into very slender filaments.
are then passed into what are called single
winders.
set on a hollow shaft. A spool of thread is
fastened to the wheel near the circumference
so that as it revolves about the filaments
which are being fed into the center it binds
them firmly together into a strand three-
Two

or four of these strands are fed into a larger

These

This machine consists of a wheel

sixteenths of an inch in diamenter.

winder which works on the same principle
of the one just described. This flat band is
run through a series of sewing machines
which sew just between the strands, thus
binding the thread more firmly about the
strands. In this form it is cut into yard
lengths and put upon the market.
The color of the feather-bone when com-
plete depends entirely upon the color of the
thread used in the winders. The principal
uses of feather-bone are for dress stays, for
corset stays and for whips. It was intended
to take the place of whale-bone and on ac-
count of its durability and cheapness other
uses will probably soon be found for it.

The last paper presented was by Mr. A.
D. Baker, his subject being The Felide of
the United States.

Of all the carnivorous group the Felida is
the fiercest, strongest and most dreaded
among both men and animals. They are
best fitted by their noiseless tread, non-con-
spicious or mimicking colors and their great
agility and strength for a terribly offensive
warfare upon all but the largest animals.

The United States does not possess the

largest of this group because of its northern

latitude, but such as are found here lack none
of the ferocity of their tropical cousins.
Among is found the animal
dreaded among all our carnivores, the grizzly

them most
bear not excepted.

In past geological epochs the cats of
America took no second place to those of
tropical regions, either in size or ferocity,
but, thinks Professor Flower, owing to
excessive specialization, they disappeared.

The whole group is, with the exception
of the Felis domesticus which is not of
American orgin, becoming steadily more
rare, as are also the animals that were their
prey.

The group is, as a whole, the enemy of
man, and its entire disappearance will not
be mourned, There are in reality but three
distinct species in the United States but
owing to the various names applied to each
one in different sections it is generally sup-
posed that there are more.

The first of the American species is the
Puma ( Felis concolor).
both the Americas from the Straits of Magel-
lan. to where its further progress is blocked
by the intense cold of Northern Canada.
This animal is the happy possessor of some
dozennames. It is variously called the Ameri-
can lion, the lion, cougar, painter, panther,
catamount, &c., and under these various
names it figures largely in American stories
of travel and adventure. It is the only
American representative of the group that
will voluntarily attack man or the larger
domestic animals. Its color is lion-like, while
its habits pertain to the panther—perhaps
this partially accounts for the great diversity
in its naming. The skull of this animal
measures about 74g inches in length, nearly
the size of the leopard’s skull, and the puma’s
head is smaller in proportion to its body than
in most cats. Some pumas have been known
to measure 4 ft. 10 in. from snout to the root
of tail, while the hight at the shoulder was
2 ft.134 in. The color is uniform reddish
brown or reddish gray, becoming lichte:

This animal ranges
THE SPECULUM. 89.

below and without markings. Pigs, sheep,
and various herbivorous animals fall

Where it has learned to fear the

deer
prey to it.
man it does not attack him
When obliged to

fight, however the puma becomes adangerous

weapons of
unless in self-defense,

enemy because of its great powers and more
it
can be mortally wounded and _ still be able
The Indians of

especially because of its tenacity of life

to inflict terrible wounds.
northern California, where the puma still
ranges say that between it and the grizzly
bear there is a mortal antipathy, and that in
combat the puma is always victorious, as
the bodies of the grizzlies are found on the
field of combat. The puma is fast becoming
extinct and his disappearance will be mourned
by none but the small boys who love the
stories of adventure of which the puma is
the chief actor,

The jaguar is not properly a North Amer-
ican animal although it occasionally strays
into our southwestern borders. This animal
is of a warmer latitude and of a fiercer nature
than the puma,

The remaining cats of America are as
fierce in nature as their larger cousins, but
fortunately they are comparatively small.
The ocelot is one of the most handsome
of these. Its length often reaches 33 inches,
and a full grown animal weighs 25 pounds,
It inhabits the southwest where it is nowise
uncommon. This cat according to story
has a very peculiar practice called “making
This practice is not so agreeable as
It is said that the

love.”
the name might signify.
animal will follow a person, who happens
to be in the woods without a gun, rubbing
itself against trees, purring loudly and appear-
ing to make itself as agreeable as possible after
the catfashion. But “take care, take care, she’s
fooling thee,” for at an unwary moment the
animal will be at the throat of its victim

tearing away with great ferocity. This is.

however only a huntsman’s story and must
be taken with allowances.

Next in size is the lynx. This is found

ee i

as widely distributed as the puma and much
more common, Owing to its great variation —
in different parts of America it has received
several different names. The lynx is a
handsome animal with large head and pointed
It is more hairy than many others of
the same family —the hair on cheek and foot -
being noticeable. Its eyes are large. The
European lynx is larger than the American
of which the Canadian is perhaps the largest.
It is reddish gray, and Measures about 30

Between
1769 and 1868 the Hudson Bay Company

Cars.

inches from nose to root of tail.

sold 1,052,051-lynx skins——nearly all of this
variety. ,

The red lynx, which ranges the middle
of the continent and as far south as Texas,
has reddish hair not so heavy as the Canadian
variety.

Further south and through Mexico is found
the spotted lynx—a very handsome variety.
One other form ranges through California
and the west. Between all these varieties of
lynx there can no line be drawn as there
are all forms of color, size and fur inter-
mediate. The lynx is the common wild
eat which has been such a pest to the
frontiersman. The old settlers of our. own
state can well remember when the lynx
but an element of danger to forests but now
they are only to be met with in our northern
woods,

The meeting closed with some general
observations. Professor Cook had seenalady-
bird beetle eating the eggs of the plant lice.
Several had seen the red squirrels cutting
small branches from the spruce-trees, their
object being to get and eat the buds.

“Explosion of an Ether Residue.

In making a large number of analyses of
cattle foodsin this laboratory last winter alarge
quantity of ether (commonly called sulphuric
ether) was required for estimating the fat in
food. Ten kilograms of absolute ether
(z¢., ether free from water and alcohol)
_ go THE SPECULUM.

were purchased from Richards & Co, of New
York for this class of work in the Experi-
mental Station. The tin can containing the
ether bore this label, “10 kils. ether, sulfuric,
absolut., 0.722, Dr. Henri Kénig & Co.,
Leipzig.”

In estimating the fats in food by means
of this ether, the results were so discordant
that the purity of the ether was suspected.
The attempt was made to obtain a pure
ether by redistilling, and about five kilos
were distilled. At the beginning of the
distillation the boiling point of the liquid
was a trifle over 35° C., but near the close it
rose to 36.2° C,, when the boiling became so
irregular and tumultuous that the distillation
was discontinued and further evaporation
carried on in an open glass dish. Very acrid
fumes were given off towards the close of
the evaporation. The liquid was then trans-
ferred to a large platinum dish, and the
attempt was made to complete the evapora-
tion in an air-bath at the temperature of 100°,
the contents of the dish being examined
from time to time. When a quarter of an
ounce of liquid remained it had an oily
consistence and yellowish color, The dish
was again placed in the air-bath, and as 1 was
watching the thermometer of the air-bath
there was a violent explosion. I was some-
what rudely blown to one side, the air-bath
was torn into fragments, the pieces thrown
to some distance, the door striking my assis-
tant (G. L. Teller) a severe blow, but
_ inflicting no permanent injury. ‘The bottom
of the platinum dish was blown out and the
iron shelf on which it stood broken. The air-
bath was a wreck and the ether residue had
disappeared.

This sudden explosion prevented the
determination of thee weight of the residue
and an examination into its chemical com-
position. The nature of the material and
the cause of this explosion is left to conjecture.
The oily liquid in color and consistence
resembled a poor quality of nitro-glycerine,
and the explosion was similar. But how

or

did nitro-glycerine find its way into Dr.
Koénig’s absolute sulphuric ether?

R. C. Kepzie,
Agricultural College, March 3% 1889.

THE SPECULUM.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE COLLEGE YEAR,
BY THE STUDENTS

Or THE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

Lr aus ——

‘Tens, 7) CENTS A YEAR; SINGLE NUMBERS, 10 CENTS,
ADVERTISING RATES MADE KNOWN ON APPLICATION:
ES"All subscriptions will be regarded as continued, unless
we are notified to the contrary.

If this item is marked, your subscription expires with this
issue

BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

—=——

PHL DELTA THETA FRATERNITY.
Baker, Editor-in-Chief, Literary Articles and
Editorials.

NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY.
Cc. Ti. WaLpron, : = .

The

OLYMPIC SOCIETY.
P. G, Howpen, - - “

Kay &,

Sclwnce,

College News.
DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERNITY,
VW. OL, Rossman, = * . *
ECLECTIC SOCIETY.
Colleres and Exchanges,

UNDON LITERARY SOCIETY.
FE, J. NiswanDkr, . 7

Athletics.

A. Moore,

Personals,

WinttiaM LiGHTEopy, Business Manager.
Frask G, CLARE, Asst. Business Manager.

FRror. W. J. Bra, “ . = "Treasurer.

_a

—w me

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, May to, 1589.

Tuat ever pleasant topic, Field Day,
is at present interesting everyone and we are
glad to see the enthusiasm. A good number
of students are in daily practice in the gym-
nasium for jumping, running, wrestling,
boxing, and so forth. Our ball team has at
last a strong organization, as the late victory
at Olivet will testify, and they have strong
hopes of winning their full share of the
games. If weather favors, the Michigan
Inter-Collegiate Field Day at Hillsdale bids
fair to be a great success,
ankT a

WE notice some excellent improvements
made by the Horticultural Department on
the lawns and drives. This is a step in the
proper direction and we hope the students
will respect the improvement and help them
along by keeping off the grass as much as
possible. It is but a step further to go
around, and it preserves neat lawns and
keeps them unmarked by paths here and
there across the green. Our lawns have
been a source of pride to the institution and
it has always been a boast that there were
no “Keep off the grass”
perfect freedom in their use by students as
well as visitors.
used they should not be abused by careless
students. The subject of lawns prompts us
to speak of the barren condition of the
grounds around Abbot Hall, which lack not
only lawns but drives and walks. We hope
soon to see an improvement.

signs to prevent

Yet while the lawns are

We would like to call the attention of the
students once again to our advertising list
and remind them that Tur SrecuLuM
depends to a large extent on its advertisers for
its support. If the students will be particular
to trade, as far as possible, with those who
advertise with us it will be a great help, not
only to THe Seecutum but to all other
College publications which contain adver-
tisements, such as the annuals. It is no
more than fair to help those who help us—
especially when the aid which we receive is
so substantial.

COLLEGE NEWS.

Freshman to the Sophomore. “Halloo, Corporal.”

Mr, D. M. Meyers will spend vacation at the college.

The tennis mania is raging and increasing at an
alarming rate at.the college.

The Civil Engineering class went to Pine Lake to
triangulate, May 9.

The Co-Eds have a job of surveying for Foster near
Lansing during vacation!!! !

Oscar Eaton of Bryan, Ohio, a former graduate of the
college, spent Sunday April 28, at the college. =

Mr. Van Devort has lately completed.a 6 horse power
engine which he will send to his home for use there.

THE SPECULUM. gr.

H. F. Hall will spend the vacation surveying for Mr.
Watkins near Manchester.

Miss Emma Fuller, principal of the Caro schools,
will take a special course in Chemistry, .

Marhoff and Hollister are busily (7?) engaged repair-
ing the leaks in the water pipes in Howard Terrace,

Soon there will be put in the Botanical Museum, 50
specimens, illustrating the native timber of Florida,

Professor Cook took the Geology class to Grand
Ledge, Saturday, May 4, to study the rock formations.

With the exception of a short visit to his home near
Tecumseh, Mr. Dewey will spend his vacation at
college.

Ex-President Willits writes: We are very pleasanily
located at No. 4 Iowa circle, and are ready to see our
friends,

The Engineering Department has made 3 heliotropes
for use of the senior enginecring class in triangulating
Pine Lake.

The drives and lawns are being fixed up neatly.
We will be glad when the bare sand of Abbot Hall is
covered up with sod.

The Engineering Department is remodelling the
dark room of the Mechanical building, preparatory. to
teaching photographic surveying.

The Analytical chemistry class were given the prin-
ciples of photography and then required to apply them
in practice by taking photographs.

Mr. Waldron will go home with Mr. Cannon and
after a short visit go to East Saginaw where he will
spend the remainder of the vacation.

A. L, Waters has been elected Vice President of
the Students’ Organization and F. G. Clark Assistant
Business Manager of THE SPECULUM.

The Base Ball team won an easy victory at Olivet
April zoth. They played six innings and the score
was 17 to 6 in favor of the M. A. C. boys,

Rev. Mr. Peters and wife will room in Howard
Terrace. He expects totake a special course in chem-
istry and she a special course in botany.

A new shaping machine is nearing completion for
the Iron Shop. The casting for a new saw for the
Wood Shop has been received and work begun upon it.

Hardly a day passes but there is one or more photog-
raphers on the grounds taking pictures of the land-
scapes of the buildings, cadets, and officers or of the

classes.

The stewards of the various boarding clubs for next
term are as follows: Club A, L. Burnett; B, F. G. Clark;
Cc, N.C. Smith; D, H. L. Bunnell; E, C, E. Ferrts, F.
QO, A. Turner.

The Alumni Fortnightly Club met April 29. Mr.
Davenport presented a very able paper on “‘ Popular
Fallacies concerning Animal Nutrition."’ At the next
meeting Mr. Dewey will present a paper on Plant Nu-
trition.
92 THE SPECULUM.

———— — —

During vacation Mr, Thurtell will survey a line from
Manchester to Ann Arbor, For some reason however
he will spend a few days first at Mr. Cannon's home,
or thereabouts.

The Senior Class have always practiced pretty rigid
economy and it will be of interest to the readers of
THE SPECULUM to know that they intend to follow out
this policy to the close, Tt was almost the unanimous
vote of the class to dispense with the usual class ban-
quet and class exercises and all other things that tend
toward unnecessary expense.

The Senior Class have elected business and literary
officers as follows:

President, G. L. Flower; vice president, A. Moore;
secretary, J. W. Toumey; treasurer, R. J. Cleland;
orator, Thos. Mc(irath; statistician, L. W. Rice ; his-
torian, Wm. Lightbody; poet, Mary Smith ; prophet,
F. M. Seibert ; toast master, D. A. Garfield.

The board of directors of the Michigan Inter-Colle-
giate Athletic Association met at Jackson, April 13th
to make arrangements for the Field Day of 1589. Of-
ficers were elected as follows: President, S. F. Mas-
ter, Albion ; vice president, O. H. Westburg, Olivet;
secretary and director of sports, R. A. Ward, Hills-
dale; treasurer, Geo. J. Jenks, M. A.C. It was decided
to hold the Field Day at Hillsdale. .

In order that the contestants can do the best possi-
ble work at Field Day and do it without injury to them-
selves, they should begin training in a systematic way
at once, Itis hoped that all the boys will take hold of
the Field Day work with life and interest. There are
many ways in which those who do not intend to enter
the contest can aid those who are training. Some
apparatus will need to be bought or made.

Three societies have elected business officers for
next summer term as follows :

Eclectic—President, Alexander Moore; vice presi-
dent, RK. B. McPherson; secretary, F. W. Ashton;
treasurer, V. S. Hillyer ; marshal, B. W. Peet.’

Hesperian—President, G. C. Davis; vice president,
C. H. Todd : secretary, J. A. Shotwell; treasurer, C. L.
Himebaugh,

Olympic—President, L. Churchill; vice president, A.
G. Wilson ; treasurer, M. E, Greeson; secretary, L. W.
Watkins; janitor, H. B. Winnegar.

The second annual Junior hop was held at the Gov-
ernor’s Guard Armory, Friday, April 26. Music was
furnished by Speil's Orchestra of Detroit, and it was
pronounced good. Refreshments were served by a
Lansing caterer. Among those. who came from a
distance to attend were Harry Baird of Grand
Rapids, E. B. Collins of Charlotte, C. M, Hemphill of
Ypsilanti, Herbert Harrison and P. G. Towar. The
Lansing papers comment very favorably upon the
-affair and also upon the success of the boys in secur-
ing their choice of Lansing's fairer ones. |

There was organized at the college April 10, a new
literary society, to be known thereafter as the Hesper-
ian Society. Only those who have belonged to a col-
lege society can realize what the benefits to be derived

“mental work as-it is carried on there.

= = eee eee ge ee

from society work are. The need of another society
has been felt for some time, The best wishes of the
older societies are extended tu you, members of the
new society, We are aware that for some time you
will be laboring under many disadvantages, but suc-
cess will be yours if in your actions you bear up the
motto, ‘Where there is a will there isa way.” The
following are the names of the § charter members.
Seniors—F, E. Lemon, C. H. Todd, G. C. Davis, R. H.
Wilson, and F. M. Paine. Juniors—H. A. Steward,
G. W. Kinsey and T. A. Sanderson.

Dr. Beal spent several days the early part of April
looking after the experimental station work at the fol-
lowing places: Walton, Grand Traverse county; Bald-
win, Lake county: Harrison, Clare county; Grayling,
Crawford county; and Au Sable, Iosco county. At
Grayling he put out over 3,000 and at Oscoda over
2,000 trees, The most common kinds planted were
chestnut, locust, white pine, Norway pine, Nor-
way spruce and box elder. One hundred varieties of
grasses and clover were sown on small plats at one
station without fertilizer, While the Dr. was at Wal-
ton he found time to write up an account of the experi-
The article was
published in the Grand Traverse Herald and will be
read with a great deal of interest by the farmers of.-
the north part ofthe State.

At the meeting held April 26th, at Jackson, some
important changes were’made in the constitution and
by-laws, which will have to be acted on at once by
the various colleges of the association. The list of
sports was made out (will be found in department of
Athletics), and the prizes and medals assigned to each.
An assessment of 334 cents per capita was made on
the members of the association, and various matters
left over by the board of 1888 were settled. It is
hoped that the Field Day will bea great success, which
of course depends upon the members of the M. I. A.
A. Indications at present, however, are very favor-
able, Hillsdale can, and will gladly entertain all that
can come, a special train willbe obtained if possible,
and ifa large number go the expenses will be very
light individually. The date of Field Day will be
May 30, 31 and June tr.

The season’s work on commercial fertilizers has be-
gun. Samples of each brand in the market are being
collected by the Chemical Department from retail deal-
ers in various parts of the State and in due time the
results of the analyses will be published in connection
with the amounts of the various constituents claimed
by the manufacturers. The importance of this work
to farmers may be realized when it is known that. the
Farmer's Fertilizer Co. of Detroit, claiming to be
ignorant of the law, have been putting upon the mar-
ket goods which show by analyses of a fair sample to
have a percentage of some of the valuable ingredients
far inferior to the amounts claimed by the manufac-
turers, and which could hardly be expected to agree
with their claims from the-fact that little effort has
been made on their part to determine the composition
of their goods, Other firms knowing the requirements
and risks, seldom allow their goods to fall short of the
composition claimed, Important changes have recent-
ly been made in the Chemical Laboratory. The Orr
and Hess furnace formerly connected with the south
chimney has been removed to the east side of the
north chimney and its old place is now occupied by a
large hood divided into three compartinents for the
carrying on of acid digestions. The walls of the hood
are of brick supplied with glass doors and the cover-
ing is of glass thus preventing the danger, so often
realized by those who have worked in the iron hoods,
of foreign matter getting into the digestion flasks and
destroying several hours’ work as well as the good
temper of the operator.

A number of the Delta Tau Delta boys are building
and equipping a steam launch in which after com-
mencement, they intend to spend two weeks cruising
among the pleasure resorts of Northern Michigan and
from there around to Detroit. She is being built after
their own designs; and all the work aside from the
boiler will be performed by the boys. She will be
twenty seven feet long by five fect beam and will carry
fifteen persons comfortably. Her engines are double
and of four-horse power, intended to run at four hun-
dred revolutions per minute. The boiler, now being
constructed by the Lansing Iron Works, is of the ver-
tical tubular type, made of the best steel and intended
to pass government inspection, The boys will remain
here during the coming vacation and work on her.
She is to be completed about the middle of next term
and will be valued at five hundred collars.

Drill is now compulsory at the college and the ap-
pearance of the battalion at the numerous parades and
reviews speak well for the department. Considering
the time that the students have drilled, their bearing
under arms is highly complimentary. The battalion,
at present, consists of four fully organized companies
and material enough to form another. A band has
been recently organized and with little practice will
become an important auxiliary on the parade ground.

The roster of commissioned officers is as follows :

Company A.—R.S. Baker, Capt.; E A. Holden, rst
Lieut.: H. A. Martin, 2d Lieut.; F. M. Paine, sergeant
major, ;

Company B—L, Churchill, Capt.; J. W. O'Bannon,
ist Lieut.; W. E. Davis, 2d Lieut.

Company C—D. A. Garfield, Capt.; AD. Baker,
ist Lieut, and quartermaster; H. A. Stewart, 2d

1eut.

Company D.—J. N. Estabrook, Capt ; G. J. Jenks,
mst Lieut. and Adjt.; F. M. Seibert, rst Lieut ; L. W.
Rice, 2d Lieut.

The cadets hope for an encampment some time this
summer. The interest of the drill would be increased
if we could have target practice every week or two.
Ifsuch an arrangement could be made it would be
appreciated by the military boys.

The celebration of the Centennial Anniversary of the
inauguration of George Washington, at the college,
April 30, was a grand affair in every way. At 20
minutes to 9 the cadets fell in at the Armory and at 9

a a rr eee ES PR SS NR

THE SPECULUM. 93

2 a

they marched into chapel and occupied the junior and
senior seats that had been reserved for them. The
meeting opened with a national song, following by the
reading of the proclamations of President Harrison and
Gov, Luce, by Professor Mac Ewan. Dr. Kedzie then
read a chapter from Psalms and Rev. Mr. Valentine
offered prayer. Song by the choir followed. The ad-
dress by Hon. Milo D. Campbell was very able, It
was new, interesting, and well delivered, It
stirred a feeling of patriotism in every heart and three
times there went up from the audience a hearty ap-
plause. The address was followed by a song, “My
Country ‘tis of Thee,”’ after which Mr. Lightbody built
aship and Mr. Cannon gave a short recitation. The
singing of the Doxology closed the program. The
Lieutenant then stepped forward on the platform and
proposed three cheers for the constitution of the U. 5.
and the stars and stripes, which were most heartily
responded to. The appearance of the boys as they
formed in front of the chapel and marched back
towards the Armory keeping step to the music of
the band, called forth many compliments from the
spectators,

The field of experimental grass plats, familiarly

known as the Mela or the /fat-Jrox, with its 200 plats

af over 150 sorts of grasses and forage plants cannot
fail, when fairly established, to interest both the stu-
dent of botany and the agriculturist. The plats are
labeled temporarily in pencil ull well started, when
larger painted and lettered stakes will be substituted.
All native varieties possible to secure last season have
been planted, and several others from England, France
and Russia, and it is hoped cventually to add. the

| most promising native grasses and forage plants of

northern South America and of western Asia The
intent in these experiments is: 1. To keep sample
plats and test for hardiness all native grasses and for-
age plants attainable, not only from this country but
from corresponding latitudes in foreign countries. 2.
To test for yield and quality such as prove hardy and
give any promise of agricultural value. Incidentally
also comparisons will be made between mixtures and
single sorts; between permanent pasture and new
seeding, and be.ween the total yield of frequent cut-
tings, in imitation of pasture, and that of the mature
cropas cut for hay. The work hitherto has been pre-
paratory to the real work of experiment. Time and
labor are necessary to establish the plant, so to speak,
and much time will yet elapse before results can be
expected. The fall, winter and spring have been
about as unfavorable as could well be, but it is hoped
a showing will yet be made this coming summer.
Despite the somewhat prevalent notion that common
chess will not grow, it was the first to report itself for
duty and is the best plat of the lot, About one-half.
an acre is sown with a mixture of one hundred sorts,
the object being to watch the struggle for existence.

The completion of its Laboratory will do much to

| place the Horticultural Department upon a sound

working basis. Although of itself something of an ex-
94

—

periment, being the first of its kind in this coun-
try and presenting many difficult problems, partt-
cularly on account of our own peculiar conditions,
the use which has thus far been made of the building
indicates that it will be a splendid success. The ar-
rangement of the rooms is admirable and they are
well adapted to the uses for which they were designed.
While the benefits to be derived from its possession,
merely in conducting the regular routine work of the
department are almost incalculable, the greatest re-
sults may be expected from the increased facilities for
imparting to the students a practical knowledge of
horticulture. The requirement that the juniors shall
work two or three hours a day on this department has
made it possible for that class to obtain some practical
experience in fruit and vegetable gardening, and the
possession of this builfling will allow a wider and
more extended range of instructive labor, which ex-
perience has shown to be valuable and which  ear-
nestly sought for by the students. In the early days
ofthe State, the merest tyro could raise fruit with suc-
cess, but, owing to the change of climate, the exhaus-
tion of the soil and the increase of the injurious insects
and fungi, the need of a thorough practical and theo-
retical training, if one would be a successful horticul-
turist, is each year becoming greater, The establish-
ment ofthe Experiment Station in connection with the
college, affords the department increased facilities for
work in this direction, and it will be of great value to
the students, who will assist in growing and caring for
the plants, and in taking and recording observations.

The Eedzie Testimonial.

The library has been lately adorned with a fine oil
portraitof Dr. R. C. Kedzie, painted by Mr. 5S. L. Wise
of Lansing. It occupies a conspicuous place inthe Read-
ing Room and is much admired by all who see it. ft
was a testimonial from the College Alumni and we are
indebted to Mr. E. M. Shelton of "71, for the following
notes upon the subject :

The committee appointed (see SPECULUM of Sept. 10,
1888) consisted of the following persons: E. M. Shel-
ton, "71; W. W. Daniells, "64; Geo, A, Farr, '7o0; C.
L. Ingersoll, '74; and Mrs. M. J. Carpenter, 81. The
committee received no instructions of any kind as to
the form that the testimonial should take, or the amount
of money that should be raised for the purpose. It
was finally agreed by the committee that the testimon-
ial should take the form ofan oil portrait of Dr. Kedzie,
to be painted by some competent artist at a price to be
agreed upon and that the painting should have a per-
manent place on the walls of the College Library, pro-
vided the consent of the State Board of Agriculture
could be obtained,

Circulars have been sent to the brethren and sisters
whose addresses could be found, calling attention to
the work of the committee, and asking the co-operation
of allinterested. Of course many of the alumni were
not reached by these circulars—a considerable num-
ber I judge from several letters lately received.

The responses to the call of the committee have been

THE SPECULUM.

————=

generous; letters by the score almost have been re-
ceived, expressing hearty sympathy with the work of
this committee and proffering cash liberally. Many of
the letters from the brethren wound up in some such
way as this, ‘Call on me for more money if you need
it.’ Happily, it has not been necessary for the com-
mittee to call on any one a second time.

Altogether $210.00 have been received, This sum
has come from ninety-five (95) different persons, an

average of $2.21 from each subscriber.
The total expenses incurred in procuring the portrait
are as follows:
To postage, printing, stationery, &c., $ 20.06,
To portrait and frame, 149.60.

Total, - $169.66.
The unexpended balance ( $40.34) seems to me to be
a capital “nest egg" as a fund for a portrait or other

- =

testimonial to another one of the old friends, Whom
shall it be? Fraternally yours,
E. M. SHELTON.
PERSONALS.

"62.

Frank Hodgman has sold his surveying instruments
and will now give up surveying and live upon the fruits
of his pen. He is the author of a Manual of Survey-
ing.

"68.

A. G. Gulley is still at South Haven, engaged in fruit
and seed growing. He says he regrets the loss of
President Willits and hopes that as capable a man
may be found to fill his place.

"6g.

Professor Chas. E. Bessey is at present acting Chan-
cellor of the University of Nebraska, he having declined
the chancellorship, preferring his own department of
botany and forestry, Professor Bessey is a member
of several prominent scientific societies, Upon the
invitation of the State legislature of Nebraska he
delivered an address before that honorable body last
winter his subject being ‘‘ The object and needs of a
State University.’’ Professor Bessey is now revising
the sixth edition of his botany. He is also preparing
a treatise on Systematic Botany, and has under way a
work on Elementary Botany, both of which will soon
appear.

Roswell C, Lillie has resigned his position as post-
master at Cooperville and is now enjoying himselt in
the sunny South, at New Orleans.

"FI.

Prof. E.. M. Shelton has been appointed director
of the Agricultural Experimental Station at Manhajinn,
Kansas.

Frank A. Sessions is cashier of a bank in Ionia,
He is also using his spare moments as a “ tiller of the
soil.’?”

E. B. Fairfield is special aaeut for the Northwestern

Mutual Life Insurance Co, at Grand Rapids,
THE SPECULUM.

95

ere

"74.
A. S. Hume is farming near Lansing, Mich.
"75-
Chas. A. Sturgis is a manufacturer at Sturgis, Mich.
Frank J. Annis is a member and Secretary of the
State Board of Agriculture at Fort Collins, Col.

A. A. Crane is a lawyer and banker at Gaylord,
Mich.

“Henry A. Haigh, the well known attorney, has
been admitted to partnership with Col. John Atkinson,
William L. Carpenter and Flavius L. Brooke, the firm
name being Atkinson, Carpenter, Brooke & Haigh,
Mr, Haigh is to be congratulated on forming this con-
nection, for the firm of Atkinson, Carpenter & Brooke
has taken rank among the best in Michigan and did a
very heavy business last year. The head of the firm,
Col. John Atkinson, is one of the ablest lawyers and
most eloquent orators in the country, and he has shown
excellent judgment in selecting his business asso-
ciates.""—Defroi Tridune.

WITH ‘75.
A, F. Anderson is county clerk of Van Buren co.
26,
Ira B. Gage is a bank cashier at Dowagiac.
WITH *76,

S. B. Long is farming near Dearborn, Mich,

G. M. Morse is in the insurance business at Portland,
Mich.

M. W. Gray is a practicing physician at Pontiac,
Mich.

"77

A. B. Simonson, M. D., is practicing his profession
at Calumet, Mich.

L. A. Lilly is tilling the soil near Hillsdale.

Chas. Bloodguod, M. D., is at Kalamazoo, Mich.

8

James E. Miller is in his last year at the Detroit
Medical College. At present he is gathering informa-
tion and experience at Harper Hospital, Detroit.

Rob’t T. Mc Naughton is in the hardware business
at Jackson, Mich.

C.J. Strang is superintending the erection of a brick
building in Lansing.

W. K. Prudden has been taking great interest in the
organization of the Lansing B. B.C. What a fascina-
tion the game has for W. Kk.

R. D. Sessions still holds his position as clerk of the
state House of Correction at Ionia. He made the
college a flying visit last month.

V9 .

E. J. Rauchiuss is following the mercantile busi-
ness in New York City.

A. A, Crozier spent last winter at Washington, D. C.
where he was engaged in preparing material for the
Paris Exposition.

Ray Sessions is still farming at Maple Rapids.

‘BI.

Alva Sherwood was married November 28, 1588, to
Miss Ada M. Simpson, sister of Lieut. Simpson. Alva
writes that he has commenced keeping house and has

a

=

managed to get along thus far without any family jars.
His address is Three Oaks, Mich.
W. H. Burgess is practicing law at Croswell, Mich.
W. G. Simonson is practicing law at Alliance, Neb.
H. M. Holmes is editor and proprietor of the Ann
Arbor Register.
D. S. Lincoln is in the fruit business at Big Rapids.
Cc. A, Dockstader is a druggist in Three Rivers,

Mich.
WHITH ‘St.

A, L. Anderson is farming near Berlamont, Van Bur-
ren county.
Wm. F. Pack is a merchant in Centerville, Mich.
He is married.
"Ro. .
Lincoln Avery is attorney at law in Port Huron.
Chas. W. Crossman is in the commission business
at Benton Harbor.
Wm. T. Langley is a teacher in Superior, Wis.
Jn&. Evert is a teacher in Mendon.
WITH ‘82.
Wim. O. Wilcox is a farmer at Centerville.
Lansing Major is a merchant in Vicksburg, Mich.
He is married. :
"Ba.
A. C. Bird is farming at Highland.
E. P. Clark is teaching near St. Joseph in Berrien
county. :
E. F. Law is teaching at Brockway Center, now
Yale. He is a member of the County Board.
With ‘83.
Chas. Hagenbuch is a farmer at Corey, Mich, He
is married, :
4.
W. Dothany is in the drug business at Sault Ste.
Marie. ,

Fred Hodges, M. D. is amember of the staff of Physi-
cians and Surgeons in Cook County Hospital, Chicago.
Homer D. Luce is running a general store at Orland,

Tn.

R. J. Coryell is farming at Jonesville, Mich.

C. P. Gillette, Entomologist at the lowa Experiment
Station, likes his position better every day. He
says his eleven months old daughter is getting along
nicely.

j. J. Bush is traveling in the east in the interest of
the Anderson Road Cart

"S5.

E. S. Antisdale is studying medicine at the Univer-
sity, Ann Arbor.

» Lewis G. Palmer taught at Horton last winter. He
has a two months old heiress.

Wilber I. Power is house physician at St. Mary’s
Hospital, Detroit.

Wit ‘55

Chas. E. Bassett, of the firm of Newark & Bassett, ts
editor and publisher of the Allegan Record.

Sh.
T. A. Stanley is proprietor of a dairy farm at New

Britain, Conn.
J. E, Hammond is teaching school at Allen, Mich,
96 THE SPECULUM.

W. K. Clute, attorney at law, attended supreme
court in Lansing last month.

Henry N. Jenner is in the drug business at Allewan.

Walter E, Gammon is salesman for Bancroft & Co.,
San Francisco, Cal.

WITH °S6.

J. J. Jakway is teaching at Kendall, Van Buren
county.

Geo, E, Hancorne will return to M. A. C. next term
and graduate with ‘Sq.

‘87.

I. B. Bates is at Flint. He is with the Flint FP.
Smith Lumber Company in the interest of the Michigan
Car Company of Detroit. At the election of officers
for first and second Licutenant of the Flint Blues
he was chosen second Lieutenant. He tied twice
with Miller for the first Lieutenancy. Never mind
I. B., you will get there next time.

H. W. McArdle has resigned his position as principal
of the Homer schools, to accept a similar position in
the schools at Tekousha in Calhoun county.

H. L. Chapin has recently been appointed Assistant
Civil Engineer on the Cadillac and Northern Michigan
Railroad.

Cc. E. Whitmore was married April 22 to Miss
Jennie Towar of ‘86. The ‘Spec.’ extends its best
wishes for future happiness, etc.

E. A. Burnett is farming at Bancroft.

WITH "AP.

J. L. Dawson is at Big Rapids. He expects soon to
be secretary of a new manufacturing company at that
place. *

J. Norris is studying at Olivet College.

E. Norris is with Wicks Bros., East Saginaw.

“Glenn Smith has gone to Ennis, Montana.
"8S.

C. W. Redman has accepted a position on a survey-
ing corps at Grand Rapids.

L, €. Colburn will conduct institutes during the
summer vacation. He will return to M. A. C. in
August, when he will occupy the position of Assistant
in Mechanic Arts.

Dale A. Smith is traveling in the west. When last
heard from he was with his brother Glenn at Ennis,
Montana.

Miss Mollie Carpenter is teaching school near her
home at Orion,

Miss M. L. Harrison is still at Harper Hospital.
She says she likes her work very much, only she pets

homesick for M.A. C. She hopes to visit the College -

next Commence He tit. *
: WITH '88.

H. W. Carr is teaching at Seattle, Washington Ter-
ritory. '

Fred Wilkins is farming at Marine City.
Don P. Yerkes will toss the sphere for the Lansing
Base Ball Club this season,
WITH "So.
A. B. Mitchell is at Dayton, Ohio, working in the
interest of the Heiks Hand protector, They say
 Buffalo’’ is interested financially.

W. J. Mevers has left college to accept a position as
Assistant Professor at Fort Collins, Colorado, John
R. will graduate with "89, however.

5S. D. Peper is farming in Van Buren county.

C. M. Hemphillis clerking in a bank at Ypsilanti.
He made the college a pleasant visit last month.

WITH "90.

Fred Lewis is clerking for Buhl & Co., Detroit,

Paul Woodworth is lumbering near Caseville, Mich.

F. B. Stockwell is studving law at Pontiac,

Wir "gt.

A. J. Morley spent the winter traveling through
Egypt, The Holy Land, Russia and Turkey. He will
return to America in August,

“q2.

F. G. Simpson has left college and taken up farming

at home.

==

A great deal of interest is being taken 1n ‘the class
fames this season, the best game being between the
Seniors and Juniors. The following is the score by

innings :
182 8456 TS o R
Sem. ces cca 0 6 & 0 0 O O SI
Juniors... Oo od bo lo 8 oe

Most of the practice has been in playing class games,
which has not been time thrown away, as is shown by
the way in which the “first nine’ played the Olivet
mame.

The score of the Olivet game is as follows:
12644 6 KR
MM, AL Giseteceees O10 0 £ 12-1
OWivetnll 3 OO 0 3 6— 6

Field Day is close at hand. A list of sports and
prizes will be given below. Every student should
look them over and if they see any sport which they
think they stand any show of gaining they should have
their names entered for that sport at once.

LIST OF SPORTS,

Ruse Ball—Ist prize, Banner; @d, Gloves and Mask.
One hundred yards dash—ist, Gold Medal; 2d, Silver Medal.
Tennis, singles—1st, Gold Medal; 2d, Silver Medal.
Tennis, doables—Silwer Medal,
One-halé mile bicycle trace —Silver Medal,
Slaw mice
Tug-of-war, five men, 800-825—Cup,
Stunding broad jump with weights—ist, Gold Medial; gd,

Silver Medal.
Broad hand-spring jump-=Silver Medal.
Throwing hammer, 16 pounds—Silver Medal.
Runting broul junp, without weights—Silver Medal,
Kackward jump, with weigrhts— Memento.
Putting shot, 16 pounds—Memento,
Standing hieh jump —Silver Medal.
Passing Rug by—Silver Medal. :
stinding hap, step and jump, without weights—Silver Medal.
Running high jump—Silver Medal.
Drop kick for Rugby—Silver Me al:
Running hop, step and jump—Silver
High hand-spring jump—Memento,
Throwing base bali—Silver Medal.
Standing high kick—Silver Medal,
Running high kick—Silver Medal.
Hitch and kick—Silver. Medal,
High kick, both fect—Memenito,.
High backward kick—Mementa, :

_ Indian club sewinging—Clubs.
Horizontal bar performance—Silver Medal,

Medal,
THE SPECULUM.

=

Le acme f ———

Esquime wrestling—Memento.

Parallel bar performance—Silver Medal.

Relay race, one mile-=Cup,

Running bases—Memento.

Three legged race—Mementoes.

Wrestling, Middle-weight—Side-hold, 138-160 pounds, Silver
Medal,

Wrestling, Heavy weieht -Collar and elhow, Silver Medal, |
ae ¥ gE

Wrestling, Feather -weight—Catch-as-catch-¢ain,
Wrestling, Licht weight— Collar and elbow.
Dash, {2)-yard—Silver Medial.

Boxing, All weights—Silver Medal.

Half mile ron—silver Mislal,

Mile run—Silver Medal,

Run, 440-yard—Silver Medal,

Pole rautling.

Hurdle Race, 10 hurdle, 8% fect high, in VAX) yards, 1 yards H

to first hurdle-——Silver Meslal,

Nores From ‘THE Farm py Mr. Feenca.—A bulle-
tin giving the results of experiments in feeding and
growing ensilage will soon be published from the
Farm Department.—Nearly all of the cattle on the
farm have been fed two rations daily of ensilage this
winter and they never came through the winter in bet
ter condition. Ensilage has not been used as a sup-
plementary food, it has been the priacifal means of
sustenance.—A new ‘‘Quaker City’ feed grinder is be-
ing tested on the farm, If it proves successful all of the
corn and oat meal used will be ground on the farm,—
Wheat on the farm is coming through the winter im

ood condition.—It is difficult to find a finer lot of
1eifers of the different breeds than those that are being
raised for the dairy experimental work.—Several new
varieties of potatoes and roots will be tested on the
farm this season. Different varieties of ensilage corn
will be tested, also several varieties of oats. Expert-

ments in the application of fertilizers will be carried |

On.

_

Wit, H. PRENTICE. ART. G. EIEF,

PRENTICE & KIEF,
Merchant $ Tvilors.

FiWw =E

Panlings, Stitings & Overcoatings,

MILITARY UNIFORMS A SPECIALTY.

A Perfect Fit GulPinteed.

| Removed to 224 Washingtin Ave. South,

LANSING, MICH.

Sirk Hats PrRessep AND CLEANED.

FN. ROUNSVILLE,

DEALER IN

Fresh & Salt Meats!

POULTRY AND FISH IN SEASON.

Blanchard & Beebe

SELL THe BEST

PRICES.

Cail and see before purchasing’ elsewhere.

BLANCHARD & BEEBE,
218 Washington Ave., Smith Block.

AT T

104% Cedar Street.

Repairing Neatly Done.

— =a 2 —

231, 233, 235, 237 Washington Avenue S., LANsinG, Micu.

SU MMMEBR TWTEHERM,.

Special Course in COMMERCIAL BRANCHES, SHORTHAND, TYPEWRITING, PENMANSHIP, TEACHERS’ REVIEW
oF NogMAL STUDIES. Tuition in any department from July 1 to Aug. 30, $7.00. Write for particulars.

JOHNSON & MINER, Proprietors and Managers of the Michigan School Bureau.
THE SPECULUM.

FoR

FINE PHOTOGRAPHS

CASSEY & CO.

Jver Lansing National Bank,

Special Rated to Students.

P, F, OLDS, E. E, OLDS,

P. F. OLDS & SON,

Manufacturers of the celebrated
One-Horse Power

GASOLINE ENGINE.

Also a full line of

VERTICAL BALANCED ENGINES

Of from 3 to 60 Horse-Power,
Works, No, a1 Fiter Street, Lansing, Michigan,

PRENTICE & KIEF,
MERCHANT TAILORS,

Always carry a full line of
Foreign and Domestic Woolens.

MILITARY SUITS A SPECIALTY.

A PERFECT FIT GUARANTEED.
224 Washington Ave, South. Lansine, Micn.

BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE,
Manual of the Apiary.

14,000 sold since 1876. 5.000 sold since May, 1883. 15th 1,000
wholly revised, much enlarged, and many costly
illustrations added,

Price, by mail, $1.95. Liberal discount to dealers and for
clubs.

Registered snropshires and Short Horns of the moat fashion-
able strains fur sale,

A J. COOK, Author and Publisher,
Lansing, Mich,

W. RAPLEE,

Wholesale and Eetail Dealer in

JEWELRY, WATCHES, CLOCKS.

Diamonds, Silver and Plated Ware.

119 Washington Ave,, Lansing.

REPAIRING NEATLY DONE.

STUDENTS FIND AT

. W. FRARYS STORE

A large and fine line of

GENTS HATS @ CAPS!

IN ALL THE LATEST STYLES.

THE SPECULUM.

J. S. MOFFETT,

DENTIST?

Twenty-two years’ experience asa Practical
Dentist. The only Dentist in Lansing who
is a graduate of a Dental College.

BrRince WorkK or TreetH WirHout
PLatTes. GoOLp OR PORCELAIN
CROWNS.

Office ower Lansing National Bank, Lansing.

BEST GOODS! SEELY
DRUGS, PERFUMES, SPECTACLES.

CITY HALL BLOCK,

J. A. TURNER, | Lansing, Mich.
Successor to A. Turner. CO BL ATT,

G RAC F R | F S | Confectioneries, Ice Cream Parlor!

AND LUNCH ROOM.

Prices THE Lowest.

119 Michigan Ave., Lansing. 116 Michigan Avenue East.

eal

Fine Boots & Shoes F irst-Glass Livery!

—— ee

g | I mn WO aNWORTH'S Students’ Patronage Solicited.

“thy 115 N. Washington Ave,

Repairing

Neatly JIMMY MAREEY. ©

Done.

ELG IN MIFFLIN,
Fadies and Gentlemen’ s Fine Furnishing Goods,

103 WASHINGTON AVENUE NORTH.

More of them, better made, finer and cheaper. Am speaking now of my
Hat stock, an inspection of which will convince you that they are correct in
style and unquestionably right in price. The light Derby I offer at $2.50 is
the best hat ever offered at that price. Neckwear, Underwear, Hosiery, Shirts,
Handkerchiefs, in fact anything in the line of gentlemen’s fine furnishings you

will find my place headquarters. ELGIN MIFFLIN.

THE SPECULUM.

YOU WILL FIND US

Directly opposite Lansing House, in one of the Best

Ground Floor Photograph Galleries

In the State. We do all kinds of work known to the art, and always try to excel
all competition. We shall not allow any photographer to UNDERSELL US.

We offer Special Inducements to all connected with the State Agricultural College.

SAVIGNY & CHRISTMAS.
COLLEGE BOYS Make A, Ml. EMERYW’S Book Store

» your feadguarters while you “ wait for the wagon.”

College Text Books and Stationery Constantly on Hand.

A Large Stock of Miscellancows Books, Albums, Paintings, Eneravings,

Gold Pens, Wirt’s Fountain Pens, Picture Frames and Wall Paper,
at Reduced Rates to the Students.
Pror. McEwan’s $100 Lisrary in stock.

A. M. EMERY, 113 Michigan Avenue.

Michigan ¢ State ¢ Agricultural ¢ College,

P.0., Agricultural College. Express and Freight Office, Lansing.

The institution has a teaching force of twenty professors and instructors, and is thoroughly
equipped with apparatus for scientific investigation, and with machinery and tools for the
use of students in the Department of Mechanic Arts,

The Library contains nearly 10,000 volumes, cons‘sting lareely of scientific works.

The General Museum and Museums of Botany, Forestry, and Veterinary are well filled.

FOUR YEARS ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE COURSE

— WHICH EMBRACES

Chemtsiry, Mathemaitcs, Mechanics, Drawing, Botany, Zoology, Veterin-
ary, Hnuylish Language aud Literature, French,
German, ard Atitttary 7aches.

Three hours’ labor on each working day, except Saturdays. Maximum rate paid for
labor, eight cents an hour.
RaTeEs.—Tuition free. Club boarding, from $2.00 to $2.50 per week.

CALENDAR FOR THE YEARS 1888-9.

Summer term begins May 21 ; closes August 10; commencement August 14, School
yest opens Monday, August 27. Fall term closes November 16. Spring term (1889 )
vegius Monday, February 25.

For catalogue apply te Epwin WItzits, President, or Henry G., REYNOLDS, Sec’y.
THE SPECULUM.

The M. C.

Lilley & Co.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

MILITARY GOODS OF ALL KINDS.

REGALIA SUPPLIES,

BAND EQUIPMENTS, AND

UNIFORMS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,

Special Inducements to Students and those getting up Clubs or Companies.

COLUMBUS, OHIO.

fully

L. D). GOSS,

THE ONE-PRICE CASH SHOE DEALER, Respect-
Solicits a share of your patronage.
to Lar ge Orders. Corner opposite Hote, Downey,

Special Prices given

LANSI NG, MICH.

JOHN HERRMANN,

Herchant Oailor 7

228 Washington Ave. N.,

Opposite Opera House byock,

Keeps the largest selection of fine Cloths
in Central Michigan.

> STVLE AND WORKMANSHIP THE VERY BEST

U. H. FORESTER,

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

Books, Stationery, Toys, Fancy Goods

THE BIG WINDOW, WASHINGTON AVE.,

LANSING, - - - =

VOISELLE & LAROSE,

HEAMPQUARTERS FOR

Wall Paper & Decorations

MICHIGAN.

J. 8. MOFFETT,

DENTIST!

Twenty-two years’ experience asa Practical
Dentist. The only Dentist in Lansing who
is a graduate of a Dental College,

Bripce Work or TEETH WITHOUT
PLATES. GOLD OR PORCELAIN
CROWNS.’

Office over Lansing National Bank, Lansing.

THAT CLOCK ON 1HE WINDOW

Ts for the benefit of the public, and also to mark
the location of

5. B. MORGAN, Jeweler,

I MAKE WATCH REPAIRING A SPECIALTY.

After securing your work once, 1 will endeavor to keep your

patronage by doing it well,

FINE SAROES

In all Styles and Prices that are Right.

ST

Ladies’ Hand Turns in Button, Lace and Congress.

GENT’S SHOES A SPECIALTY,

—At the—

Cash Boot and Shoe Store.
104 Washington Ave. N. WOODSUM & CO.
THE SPECULUM

NOTICE .— You are cordially invited to inspect ou

r large stock of

Men's and Boys Olothing,

Hats, Furnishing Goods Ano Neckwear.

Knee Pants from four

to fourteen years. Men’s $1.00 PANTS A SPECIALTY.

Yours truly,

MODEL CLOTHING HOUSE,

109 Washington Avenue, Lansing, Mich.

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF

W riting Tables, Desks, Chaits, &¢.,

EXTRA SPECIAL FIGURES TO STUDENTS.
_ ML. J. BUCK, Opposite the Opera House.

You will find the Largest Assortment of

Fine Boots al Shoes

| ‘th. 115 N. Washin gton Ave.

Repairing
Neatly

Done.

TT, H. SEDINA

1S MAKING

Pals tal do not Bag: at the Knees’

the right of the City on this Patent.

Dress Suits a Specialty!

—_—

was If you want a good fitting Military

suit be sure to call on
T. H. SEDINA.

A. J. FREE’S TONSORIAL PARLOR,

106 Michigan Avenus, Lansing,

IS THE PLACE 10 GET THE BEST WORK DONE!

A large force of skilled workmen always ready to please customers.
THE SPECULUM.

¥

GHIGAGO MEDICAL COLLEGE,

Corner Prairie Avenue and 26th Street, CHICAGO, ILL,
Medical Department of the Northwestern University. Session of 188g-go.
N. S&S DAVIS, M. D., LL. D., Dean.

The Thirty-first Annual Course of Instruction will begin Tucsiliy, September 2th, $0, and close Tuesday, April agth, 1590,
The course of instruction is graded, students being divided into first, sceond and third year classes. Applicants for admission
must present diplomas or cerlificites from recornixed colleges, schools of sclence, academies, high schools,-or teachers’ certifi-

cates of the first or second grade, or sustain a preliminary examinition.

The method of instruction ts Cons pie tious Ly practical, and is applied in de wards of the Mercy and St. Luke's Hospitals daily
at the bedside of the sick, in the College Amphitheatres, and in the Suuth Side Dispensiry attached to the College, where upwards
of fourtecn thousand patients are treated annucily, Pees: Matriculetion $5, Lectures, first and second years, each, $75, third
year free, Demonstrator Sid, ime baling material, Oporative Surmery $5, iitclaal ieee nueterial, Labaratory $s. Breakage (re-
turnable) $5. Hospitals: Mercy 4, for third year students; SL Lake's $5, for second year students; final examination $30. Ne
extra fees for Private Classes or Microscopical Laboratory.

For further information or announcement address

FRANK BILLINGS, M. D., Se'y, 245 State Street, Chicago, M1.

Pe England Clothing Store,

116 Washington Avenue South, LANSING, MICH.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

CLOTHING, GENTS’ FURNISHING GOODS, HATS and CAPS.

Suitings for the old and young—Men’s, Youths’, Boys and Children's—always in stock and at prices that

defy competition, Special inducements to students. ;
The Largest, Brightest and Lightest Store, and the best stock to select from in Lansing.
Specialties in Gents’ Fine Furnishings. Don't pass us by when in want of anything in our line. Call in.

H. RAZEK, the Low Price Clothier.

B F SIMONSJ|G. J. FOSTER,

104 WASHINGTON AVENUE, _Dealer in—

Displays the Finest
and Largest Stock of

DRY GOODS errr

320 Washington Ave.,:-Lansing, Mich.

AND CARPETS nies

That has ever been opened im the city. You will always 7 Poe : t - :
find goods ag represented, and our prices at the bottom. Lawn Tennis Goods, Bes Made

“st Guth
Steel “Pens.

FOR ARTISTIC USE in fine drawings
Nos. 659 (Crow-quill), 290 and aor,
FOR FINE WRITING,
No. 303» and Ladies’, 179.
FOR BROAD WRITING,
Nos, 204, 289 and Stub Point, S49.

FOR GENERAL WRITIN:,
Nos. 404, 332, 990 and Gey.

THE MOST PERFECT OF PENS.

Gald Medal Paris Exposition, IBTS.
~ [ Josenh Gillott & Sons, gt John St., New York.

———

Horstords

ACID PHOSPKATE.

Prepared according to the Directions of Pror. E, N, Hoxsronb,

ESPECIALLY RECOMMENDED FOR

Dyspepsia, Nervousness, Exhaustion, Headache, Tired
Brain, and all Diseases arising from Indigestion and Nerve Exhaustion.

This is not a compounded “patent medicine,” but a preparation of the
Phosphates and Phosphoric Acid in the form required by the system.

It aids Digestion without injury, and is a beneficial Food and Tonic for
the Brain and Nerves.

It makes a Delicious Drink with water and sugar only, and agrees with
such stimulants as are necessary to take.

Dr. E. W. Hitt, Glens Falls, N. Y., says: “An excellent remedy for
atonic Dyspepsia, Nervous and General Debility, or any low state’of the
system.”

Dr. D. A: STEWART, Winona, Minn., says: ‘ Entire satisfaction in cases
of Perverted Digestion, Loss of Nerve Vower, Mal-nutrition and kindred
ailments.”

Dr. G. H. Leacn, Cairo, IIlls., says: ‘Of great power in Dyspepsia and
nervous prostration.”

Descriptive Pamphlet free.

Rumford Ghemical Works, Providence, R, J,

BEWARE OF SUBSTITUTES AND IMITATIONS

Caution.—Be sure the word “ Horsford’s” is printed on the label. All others are
spurious. Never sold in bulk.