THE SPECULUM.

Votume VIIL—No, 4,

———

The Student Should Pay More Atten-
tion to Politics.

WILL CURTIS, OLYMPIC SOCIETY.

Is is a noticeable fact that too many of our
students know little or nothing about politics;
or worse than this, care nothing for them.

There are, perhaps, some reasons why the
students do not pay more attention to politics.
It is not convenient for many of them to goto
the library regularly to read the papers, and
they cannot afford to take a daily or weekly.
Then there is the ever ready excuse, lack of
time. The four years of such persons’ col-
lege life make a great blank in their knowl-
edge of political history, which will be a
constant source of regret and mortification to
them in after years. .

A college course is but a preparation for
life’s work. In these active, busy, hurrying
times, a thorough preparation is necessary for
success in any line of work. A fair knowl-
edge of politics and the important events of
the day is very essential to the college boy
in his preparation for active work. If he
neglects reading the papers and loses all in-
terest in politics, the great “gap” there
formed will be a constant barrier to the
greatest success in whatever occupation he
chooses.

+ Should he choose the legal profession one
_ of the most important elements to his success
will be a thorough knowledge of all the laws
passed by congress and his state legislature,
and the important decisions of the courts.
He must know the practical workings and
effects of these laws at the present time.
Should he be called to fill a position of hon-
or or trust, or appear before the public, his
lack of knowledge of affairs during his col-
lege course still stares him in the face. The

AGRICULTURAL Coun EGE, Mion, Juny 10, 1889.

ns

WHOLE No, 38.

merchant, doctor or teacher will be hampered
in his work if he does not understand men
and have a detailed knowledge of the im-
portant events in this country. To no one
is a knowledge of politics of more importance
than to the educated farmer. He is the in-
fluential man in his neighborhood. Those
with less education look to him for advice
and counsel. In political affairs he may have
great influence for good, for he is not easily
influenced by scheming politicians; and if he
has kept himself posted while at college, he
cannot be misled by wrong or exaggerated .
statements on tariff or temperance questions.
The farmers that do not read the papers are
the ones that are so easily swindled. It is
because they do not know what the papers
say about the “Bohemian Oats” “ Drive
Well” or other similar swindles; or what the
decisions of the courts are regarding some of
these. The student who expects to be a far-
mer should obtain some of this knowledge
by a careful perusal of the papers while he
is at college.

While here, habits are contracted that are
lasting, hence it is of great importance that
they be good habits. If a person does not
care to read or know anything about politics
while at college, it is not at all likely that he
will after leaving.

A majority of the boys here teach during
the winters. Scarcely a day will pass in
which a knowledge of politics could not be
used to good advantage; in fact such a knowl-
edge is necessary in their school work; and
without this knowledge and the ability to
use it, the teacher is not doing his duty to
his pupils or his patrons, “On visiting the
parents he is expected to talk politics at least
part of the time. If the teacher knows little

or nothing about the doings of congress or of
[14

THE SPECULUM.

public men, he is at once set down as an ig-

noramus, and is probably thought unquali-
fied to teach the school. This judgment is
not with entire injustice either. His success
and reputation depend, to some extent, on
the knowledge that can be obtained from
nothing but the newspapers.

Every one that loves God and humanity;
that wants to see evils crushed; that desires
peace and prosperity in our country; that is
anxious to have right prevail, is interested in
the temperance movement. Can we then
afford to be ignorant of what our brothers
are doing and have done to further the cause
of right ? Instead of this lukewarmness, the
thought of the evils caused by the liquor
traffic, and a knowledge of the underhanded,
treacherous methods of the rum dealers to
defeat prohibition in Pennsylvania and
Rhode Island, should cause the blood’ to
tingle in our cheeks, and make us determined
to prepare ourselves thoroughly for carrying
on the war against the saloon, The most
successful temperance worker has the best
knowledge of all the temperance legislation
in this country. It matters not what our oc-
cupation may be, we will all be voters; and
will have to vote on temperance measures,
and work for them in our towns or at the
polls. Most of the students at this college
know that a“ Local Option” bill has passed
our State Legislature, yet how many of them
read the bill or know anything about it?
We don’t know how many timesin the future
a definite knowledge of this very bill will be
of advantage to us.

' £\ knowledge of politics better prepares
us for citizenship. We will vote more intel-
ligently. In political contests our influence
for good will be greater, and should we be
chosen to fill a public office, could do so with
much better. satisfaction to ourselves and our
constituents. Can any student then afford to
remain ignorant of political affairs while at
college!

The boy that makes up his mind to keep
up with the times will readily overcome. all

the difficulties, Fifteen to thirty minutes
daily is ample time to spend in reading the
leading newspapers. ‘Those who'can afford
to take a daily or weekly can readil y find a
few minutes time to read after dinner or sup-

| per or at other times when they would oth-
| erwise be doing nothing. Two or three

hours a week spent in the library reading
the papers will keep the student fairly well
posted. If some reading must be sacrificed,
better the novel than the paper, for the novel
may be read hereafter; but the interest and
knowledge lost in politics will never be
wholly regained.

This does not imply that the student should
read everything in the papers. Some will
get more knowledge from reading a paper
ten minutes than others will from looking at
it two hours. The reader must learn to dis-
criminate between the good and the bad; to
read the heading in one place and the entire .
article in another; always to read to some
advantage. He must ponder over what he
reads, and mentally render his judgment upon
important actions, In this way he will have
such a knowledge of politics as will make
him a better citizen, a more influential man,
and better fitted to fill any position in life.

Co-operation.

D. A, GARFIELD, DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERNITY.

Co-operation in its broadest sense is an e/e-
ment in our social organization; but by com-
mon consent and use its present application
is to combinations among working men for
producing and distributing with a more ©
equal and satisfactory division of profits; or-
combinations, between masters and men in
the form of a limited partnership or percent-
age of profits. The latter, a sort of profit
sharing is not likely to succeed, as_ the .capi-
italists have all the advantage and the sus-
picious and jealous disposition of the wage-
worker, the outgrowth of his ignorance re-
garding. business. principles and practices,
renders him dissatisfied with any arrange-
ments proposed by his employer,
THE SPECULUM.

115

Co-operation among laborers has for its
object the receipt of higher wages for labor
and the obtaining of greater values in com-
modities, for the disbursement of such wages.
The principle of social science, man’s in-
herent desire of a maximum of gratification
for a minimum of exertion, makes these de-
sires seem perfectly landible.

It is obvious that it would be of advantage
to all laboring classes could they unite in the
manufacture ail sale of their products and
the purchase of their necessities and thus
save the enormous profits which go to the
But how is this
co-operation to be successfully carried out,
In casting about for an example we find
that it first came into existence in England
about 1840. A few of the flannel weavers
at Rockdale united their hard-earned pennies
and invested in asmall stock of goods, The
plan was to issue stock, sell the goods at a

capitalist and m iddle-man.

fair margin, declare a dividend on the stock
and pay a rebate to the purchaser. Though
the growth was slow the society prospered
in the face of opposition from the clergy,
the merchants and the authorities. Other
societies soon adopted the idea, all with
marked success until Great Britain was en-
tirely pervaded with the new system. There
are now more than 1,200 of these societies re-
istered under the Industrial Societies’ Act,
numbering upwards of 600,000 members

mostly the heads of families, owning a cap- |

ital of £8,400,000, and making a profit of
£2,000,000 annually, all bound. together in
one co-operative union, pledged by its con-
stitution formed for “the promotion of the
practice of truthfulness, justice and economy
in production and exchange.”

Co-operation in the United States has had
to do with distribution rather than produc-
tion and shows a larger development than ts
usually supposed. Beginning in New Eng-
land about 1850 it prospered in the form of
co-operative stores for some years. until dis-
cord and jealousy among the members
caused its dissolution. It has extended west-

ward with variable success, and been prac-
ticed by the Mormons in Utah. Owing to the
obscurity incident to these humble enterprises,
their shrinking from public notice and the
ephemeral character of many of them, data
are peculiarly hard to gather and to estimate
the extent of the movement is exceedingly
difficult.

American characteristics are not in har-
mony with so gradual a development as that
of co-operation must necessarily be, and most
organizations of the kind in this country
have failed; vet their downfall has been due
to incompetency and dishonesty in manage-
ment, selfish and impatient members and
vicious methods of doing business, more than
to the impatience of the people at their
slowness of growth. The unprecedented
prosperity of our nation has indisposed men
to small savings, and active competition has
made margins necessarily small,
aggeration to say with some “ that co-opera-
tion in the United States has been marked
by almost utter failure.” Enough has been
indicated of real success to make it probable
that with the oncoming of harder conditions

It is ex-

of working men the system may be adopted
with success. Co-operation among working
men with the high aims set forth by the
British association cannot fail to lift trade to
a new plane in which workmen shall be fel-
low-workers, not rivals and a principle of
justice, not of selfishness shall regulate ex-
change.

There are in the world 2,750 different
languages.

Ex-President Hayes has been giving a
series of lectures on political economy at
Oberlin.

A test will be made at the Ohio State
University of the cases in which students
were expelled for non-attendance at chapel.
Under the Bill of Rights it is held that no
State institution can compel attendance on
religious exercises. A committee was ap-
pointed by the Legislature to investigate.

le
116

A Song for our College Days.

WRITTEN BY FRANK HODGMAN, ‘62.

a

| TuNe.—" Good bye, my lover, good bye."

A song, a song for our College days,
And let it be jolly and free ;

With rollicking, frolicking notes in their praise,
Come join in the jovial glee,

We'll toot the flute, and the bugle horn
Shall wake the echoes afar ;

We'll banish the woes of the maid forlorn,
With the notes of the gay guitar.

Joy is a lover,

Sweet Hope a rover,
School-days soon over,
Then, Alma Mater, good bye.

The wailing notes of the cat at night
Shall come to an end at last ;

His body shall feel the dissecting knife
Or ever the term is past.

We'll chase the butterfly over the lawn,
The honeybee line to his tree ;

We'll treat to a minim of chloroform
The hornet and bumblebee.

Chorus.

The pippin upon the pippin tree,
The melon upon the vine,

In overall legs they soon shall be,
And the watch-dog left behind;

The turkey that roosts on the barn so high,
The chicken that roosts so low —

Their bones shall be picked so nice and sly
That never the owner shall know. .

Chorus.

We 'll wander in fancy o'er meadow and green,
Adown by the Cedar’'s flow,

Where the moonbeams shitumer the branches between,
And merry waves sparkle below ;

And the maids we love shall meet us there
By the moonbeam’'s silver light,

Our names the silvery birch shall bear
On its bark so smooth and white.

horus.

The joyful hours fly swift away,
The toils of life speed on ;

The raven locks soon turn to gray,
When College days are gone.

And yet, and yet, we'll ne’er forget,
When raven locks are hoar,

The loyal friends that here we ’ve met ;
God bless them evermore. -

Chorus,

The Roberts Converter and its Effects
on the Iron Industry.

R. J. CLELAND, UNION LITERARY SOCIETY.

During the past three or four centuries
there have been a number of inventions for
the conversion of the ores of iron into their
finished products. Of the more important
inventions previous to the invention of the
Roberts converter might be mentioned the
puddling process by Henry Cort and the
Bessemer process by Sir Henry Bessemer,

me

THE SPECULUM.

In his invention, Sir Henry Bessemer sought -
to improve upon the Cort puddling process
and to introduce a mechanical puddler. He
failed in the solution of the problem but in
his failure he discovered a new product and
at the same time laid the stepping stone for
the invention which was patented a few
months ago. The new process, the princi-
ples of which were discovered by a French-
man and which were recently put into prac-
tice in Springfield, Ohio, more than solves
the problem which Bessemer undertook.
The Cort puddling furnace is one by which
air could be passed over the metal constantly
while the puddler stood in front of the mol-
ten mass-and kept it in motion, a process
which is not only slow but probably the
most exhausting labor that any class of work-
men have todo, The metal is subjected to
this treatment until it is reduced to the fin-
ished product whether iron or steel. If the
former, it is reduced until as nearly pure as
possible; if the latter, the required per cent
This decarbonization of -
pig iron is the problem which has been puz-
ling the iron masters for the past three cen-
turies. The process has been improved
upon some, but up to the present time all.
wrought iron and all tool steel have been
made by the ancient method,

of carbon is left in.

As the discovery of the puddling process
by Cort marked one great era in the history
of iron manufacture, so the substitution of a
mechanical for a manual perfection of iron
by Bessemer, 1555, marked another. © While
the many uses of iron, developed by inven-
tion, were taxing the capacities of the fur-
naces, Bessemer came forward with his new
form of the metal. It is harder than
iron and cannot be welded, yet it can be bent,
twisted, rolled or hammered into any shape,
The advantages of Bessemer steel are that it
will last longer than iron and with the same
number of men it can be manufactured in
vastly larger quantities than puddled iron
can be. Less skill is required in its manu-
facture and its cost is only about one-third as
THE SPECULUM.

114

— rn

=

much, For the above reasons it has been
almost universally adopted by railroads. Up
to the present time however all the tiner
grades of iron and steel have been manu fac-
tured by the puddler’s process and conse-
quently tool steel is so expensive that it is as
yet little used.

Such were the methods employed in the
manufacture of iron until about one year ago
when Gustave L. Roberts of Stenay, France,
made some experiments which were the
foundation of the process recently invented.
The result of his experiments reached the
ear of Bookwalter of Springfield, Ohio, who
immediately went to see Roberts’ experiments
and while there he secured the right to the
process in the United States. Mr. Book-
walter returned and built an experimental
plant and the process which was patented a
few months ago is the result.

A. comparison of the Roberts process

with that of the Bessemer will give a better

idea of its advantages and improvements,

In the Bessemer process the converter is
so constructed that the blast of air is let mn at
the bottom and passes perpendicularly up
through the molten iron, Consequently the
blast supports the iron, keeps it in violent
agitation and mixes all the impurities with
it. - If the blast is continued longer than is
required to burn out the carbon and silicon
the oxygen attacks the iron and the result is
a weak and oxidized iron. ‘To avotd this
Bessemer introduces another ore of iron, fer-
romanganese, a certain amount of this being
necessary to the Bessemer products. In the
Roberts converter the blast is let in through
the side of the metal. This sets up a rotary
motion which causes a violent agitation and
at the same time, instead of mixing the im-
purities with the iron it blows them to the
opposite side of the converter. This turning
the metal over and over is what the puddler
does by hand and as in the old furnace the
new converter exposes only a small portion
of the metal at a time, to the action of the
blast. While there remains any silicon and

mae

carbon in the metal the oxygen will attack
silicon before it will carbon, therefore the
blast can be stopped at any time after the
silicon is burned out, leaving any product
from the poorest wrought iron to the most
highly carbonated steel.

In the new process as in the Bessemer, no
fuel is used in converting the cast iron into
the finished product. The perfection of the
converter, the arrangements for blast and all
the appliances which mark a difference be-
tween the Bessemer process and the process-
es of previous years are as necessary to the
new process as to the Bessemer. The ma-
terial for their products of manufacture are
essentially the same. Any metal that can
be poured from the converter of any process
can be poured from the converter of the new
process. This means that all the products
of iron ore can be produced in the same con-
verter by a mechanical means so much
cheaper than it has heretofore been manu-
factured that it will stimulate the use of iron
and steel more than has any previous inven-
tion. The blast of the Bessemer converter
supports the whole mass of metal while in
the new converter it does not. Thus the
Roberts converter can be much lighter and
for this reason the layers in the Roberts con-
verter last for 250 blasts while in the Besse-
mer they last for only fifteen blasts. The
Bessemer converter must be relined after a
few blasts, the Roberts after a thousand, °
The metal in the new converter 1s raised to
4 much higher temperature than in the
Bessemer converter and it is due to this that
metal from the Roberts converter can be cast
‘ato billets of the required size, while in the
Bessemer process they must be cast into bil-
lets much larger than required and then roll-
ed to the required size, a process which costs
about four dollars a ton. The cost of mak-
ing all grades of iron and steel by the Rob-
erts converter is the same and it is much less
than the cost of Bessemer steel. The im-
portance of this will be seen when it 15 con-
sidered that the poorest grade of wrought
115

THE SPECULUM.

=T

iron made by the old process costs from five
to six dollars a ton more than Bessemer
steel.
Owing to the high temperature attained
by the new converter which renders the
metal very mobile, it can be poured into
moulds, and the castings made by this pro-
cess have all the properties of wrought iron.
Since wrought iron is about five times as
strong as cast iron, this means a great change
in machinery. Castings can be made one
fifth as large as if made of cast iron and yet

have the same strength, or, if made of the
same size, they will be five times as strong.
Castings can also be made which have the
properties of steel and this will be of great
value in the manufacture of heavy ordnance
and car wheels,

Since the cheap modern methods have
been introduced iron has been used for many
things that it was once thought impossible
to use it for. .A few of the more important
uses being. bridge building, iron pipes for
gas and water, stoves, ship building, agricul-
tural implements and so forth. , Since it has
been put to so many uses under the present
prices, it is difficult to conceive of the uses it
will be put to under the greatly reduced
prices brought about by the invention of a
mechanical puddler,

SCIENTIFIC.

The Wheat Pest.

Considerable attention has been directed
of late to the ravages of a very active wheat
pest, the Aphis avena, Prof, Cook, who
has been giving the matter considerable study
has just issued a bulletin on the grain plant
louse and we will give an abstract of that,

The louse attacks wheat, barley, oats and
rye and is found in small numbers on these
grains every year. This year occurs one of
the terrible attacks that seems to threaten
very serious loss. This raid extends from

Ohio west to Ilinois and to considerable dis- |

tance north,

in Michigan; reports having

a

lately come from some of the northern

counties.

The Aphis avene is one of the large gen:
us Aphis, different species of which attack
fruit trees, cabbages, hops and indeed to a
greater or lessextent, nearly all of our valu-
able cultivated plants. ‘These plant lice have
flask-shaped bodies and are usually green and
black, though sometimes they are yellow or
red, and are usually very small. In looking
at the grain aphis at this season, four forms
will be seen; a small wingless louse, a large
wingless form—the full grown apodus or
wingless louse—the pupa of the wingless
louse which has short wing pads, and the
mature winged louse. We usually find these
four forms, at some season of the year, in all
plant lice colonies. Frequently, and this was
true a few days ago of this grain aphis, we
only find the wingless forms. Later the pu-
px with wing-pads and fully developed
winged forms are seen. These winged lice
are, doubtless developed that the lice may
spread before their food is wholly destroyed
and they confronted by famine. ‘The mature
wingless louse of this grain aphis is about
one-tenth of an inch long. The winged,
louse is nearly twice as long to the end of the
wings. The lice have long seven jointed
hornlike antennw and simple veined wings, a
characteristic of the genus, There are also
two spine-like projections, black on the grain
aphis, on the hind part of the abdomen.
These are the nectaries or horny tubes, so
called because there frequently exudes from
them a nectar which attracts ants and bees to
these lice. Just now (June 2oth, 1889;) a
species of louse on our Norway spruces is
secreting nectar so profusely that in the early
morning it stands on the leaves in drops so
that it can be tasted. Itseems very pleasant
to the taste and is giving the bees a fine har-
vest. This peculiar physiological characteris-
tic serves the louse in this way: by attracting
ants, wasps and bees, the birds and insect en-
emies of the lice are frightened away. The
oats and wheat are visited by ants that the
THE SPECULUM.

rig

“*.

nectar secreted by these grain lice may be
secured. ‘The beak of this grain aphis ts
strong, dark in color, and about one-third
the length of the body. With this the louse
sucks the sap and devitalizes the plants.

The color in these lice varies greatly.
Early in the season while they are on the
| This is the
color now of all healthy lice on the oats,
After they migrate to the heads they often turn
yellowish green and even rusty red, though

leaves or stalks they are green.

now the green color prevails even with the
lice which are gathered thickly about the ker-
nals. . Some of the winged liceare very dark,
almost black. In these the legs are nearly
all black. It is probable that the nature of
the food affects the color, As the berries
mature it is likely the yellow and red colors
prevail to a large degree.

REPRODUCTION OF THE LICE,

The reproduction of plant lice is very cu-
rious. Late in the season we find both sexes.
This is the only time that we find males.
The sexes now pair, and eggs are laid about
buds, in crevices or where they will best sur-
In the spring only females
hatch from these eggs. These do not lay
eggs, but each gives birth to from three to
five lice each day. In about four or five days
these young lice produce living lice, each con-
tributing daily its four or five new lice to
help on the general devastation, Such early
and rapid breeding implies great nutrition,
and we easily understand why the plants
wither and dry up. We also see how the
lice become so quickly numerous and wide-
spread. Calculation shows that in less than a
month, if no lice die or were killed, a single
louse might be the progenitor of more than
To follow the numbers
further defies comprehension. Many have
written me: “We can not imagine where the
lice could came from so quickly and rapidly.”
The above fact explains this physiological
riddle.

WHY SO NUMEROUS THIS YEAR.

vive the winter.

several million lice.

ed =

aven@e has come like a destroying flood upon
In 1861 the lice swarmed
upon the cereal crops of New England and
New York, at which time Dr. Asa Fitch
fully described it in his sixth report. In 1566
and again ten years later it did great damage
in Various sections of the west. We see then
that this louse does not come yearly but only
at long intervals, Whyisit? It is doubtless
owing in some measure to the weather, but
more to its insect enemies. We readily see
that its enormous prolificness would make it
as the sands of the sea shore every year, ex-
cept that some natural agent held it in check.
Fitch describes three such enemies. Even
now as we visit the oat and wheat fields we
find many forms different from any pre-
viously described. These have short, round-
ed bodies, which are of a dirty white color.
The cause of this is that these are attacked by
parasites, which are eating them up. We |
have reared several of these little benefactors,
and find them now busily engaged in the —
fields laying the eggs that will destroy the
lice. These minute parasitic insects lay a
great many eggs, one in each louse, and
their presence and prosperity mark the doom
of the lice. Thus through the agency of
these minute parasitic forms, aided by clima-
tic influences, we are to be saved from a raid
by this grain aphis next year, and will be
greatly benefited this year.
cases, these little friends will very likely save
us from serious damage. Why the parasites
are not able to come successfully to the res-
cue each year is still unknown. Very likely
this problem will receive a very valuable
practical solution in the future. In these
parasites the entomologist sees the doom of
the lice, but not, we fear, till great harm 1s
done. Dry weather is a great promoter of
insect productiveness. It is more than prob-
able that the exceeding drouth of 1557,
1888 and of the April and May just passed,
together with the mild winter of 1888 and

"8g, have had much to do with the pre-
sent invasion. We might expect much aid

the grain field.

Indeed in some

This is not the first season that this 4p/¢s | from our frequent June rains, but they prob-
120

THE SPECULUM.

ably were too late. Observation shows that
the lice are more than holding their own, so
we may conclude that the warm rains are
not greatly depleting their ranks.

WHAT TO EXPECT.

Where the lice are very numerous, as they
seem to be over a widespread area of our
country, they must do great injury. Where
ten or twelve lice are collected about a single
kernel of wheat, as we have actually seen in
the past few days, there is little hope for
that kernel. We have counted one hundred
and sixty lice on a single head of wheat. It
is hoping too much of the little parasitic flies
to expect them to save the present crop.
We can expect much injury, especially where
the lice are in such countless numbers as are
now seen in many of our wheat fields of In-
diana, Ohio and Michigan.

WHAT OF REMEDIES.

The excellent specific against plant louse
ravages, the kerosene and soap mixture, can-
not be used without much injury to the crop.
To apply it might be lke the jump from
frying pan to fire. Again, the lice are so
protected by the close cluster of the kernels
that very likely the remedy would not be
fully effective. We could not, therefore, re-
commend its application in this case. We
are now making extensive and accurate ex-
periments, so that at the time of a future raid
we can speak with positiveness in this matter,
We are aiming to find just what the damage
is, just how many lice it requires on a
head or kernel to blast it, and just how effect-
ive the remedy is, and how serious the dam-
age of its application will be to the plants.

INCORRECT NAME.

The name “green midge,” which is going
the rounds of the papers, is very incorrect,
and should not be used. The Hessian fly
and wheat midge are very different insects.
These midges are two-winged flies, whose
larve are footless maggots. They belong to
the great two-winged fly order, Diptera,
while these are plant lice or aphides and be-

long to the order of bugs, or Hemiptera.
Let all speak of this as the grain aphis, or
plant louse, and not as the green midge,
which is entirely wrong, as they are not al-
ways even green in color,

Fune 27th, SQ.

Natural History Society.

The meeting of the Natural History 5o-
ciety for June, occurred on Friday evening
the 14th.

The first thing presented was a talk by
Mr. Curtis on the value of mixed grasses
for pastures. Mr, Curtis had taken speci-

-mens from a plat seeded with six of our

common grasses and forage plants, and had
dug up specimens of each species to compare
the length and character of the roots. It is
evident from the study of these that the
same soil can produce more when sown to
plants having roots of a different length and
manner of growth than when confined to a
single species. A great advantage of a mix-
ed seeding in pastures is that a larger and
more constant perial of growth is obtained
than when there is no mixture.

Mr. Seibert followed Mr. Curtis with an
illustrated article on one of our common al-
ow, the Plewrocarpus mirabilis. Drawings
were made showing the formation of zygos-
pores from the conjunction of the two adja-
cent cells on the same filament and also by
the conjunction of different filaments. This
last condition is reported by some authorities
as never existing, but Mr. Seibert found it in
several instances.

Mr. Waldron followed with a talk on
wheat rust, Pucctnia graminis. This exists
in four forms, two of them, the azcidiaspores
and spermagonium, being found on the er-
beris vudgaris (common barberry ), and the
teleutospores and uredospores found om the
different members of the grass family, more
especially on wheat. The teleutospores con-
stitute the black rust found:on wheat and
grass late in the season. This form does not

=
THE SPECULUM.

IZI

reproduce itself upon the wheat but furnishes
sporidia which will germinate the following
season on the barberry. These then produce
the xcidia found on the barberry. The
spores from this form fall upon the wheat,
producing uredospores, the red rust.of wheat
and later the teleutospores.

The uredospores constitute the active rust
that spreads so rapidly, especially in a damp
season, since moisture is necessary for the
germination and growth of the fungus.

It was formerly thought that the barberry
is absolutely necessary for the continuance of
the rust but it is now known that the uredo-
form can attach itself so firmly to a plant of
wheat or grass that it is able to survive the
winter in this stage and thus be ready to be-
gin its attack the following season.

The Dissipation of Fogs by Electricity.

Among the many applications which elec-
tricity is finding, we now hear of its proposed
use for the dissipation of fogs, and the clear-
ing of fog and smoke-laden atmospheres,
such for example, as those of London during
their notorious fogs.

An English electrician, Dr, Oliver Lodge,
has made a series of preliminary experiments
in which he has succeeded in clearing rooms
filled with smoke of various kinds, steam,
sulphur vapors, and mixtures of several of
these.

The operation consists in discharging into
the room the electricity furnished by a Wim-
hurst or Holtz influence machine. The elec-
tricity thus furnished is comparatively small
in quantity, but of very high power, and this
form of a charge seems necessary to attain
the end in view. The theory of the action
is not altogether understood, but it appears
that in the case of fog or steam the atmos-
phere becomes clear by the coalescence of
the smaller particles into larger, and their
final precipitation as drops of mist or rain.
It seems probable that if any large volume
of the atmosphere containing fog could be
thus acted upon, a shower of rain would

result, and the atmosphere thus become
cleared.

With fog and smoke mixed, the vapor in
coalescing into drops would tend to carry the
particles of smoke with it, thus producing
mist and rain drops charged with smoke par-
ticles. These drops in falling, would in the
usual way, tend to wash out the remaining
smoke from the air, as a final result thus
clearing it of both fog and smoke.

With smoke or dust alone, the action
seems more difficult to explain.
some indications pointing toward an explan-
ation, but the present discussion of these
would be beyond our limits.
of fact, however, whether it can at present
be completely explained or not, smoke filled
rooms have been rapidly cleared by a deposi-
tion of the smoke induced by a discharge of
the electricity. In addition, a French savant
has found that the same agent exerts a nota-
ble action on the microscopic dust, bacterial
spores, etc. with which the air is laden.

There are

As a matter

On the 31st of December last a heavy fog
prevailed in London, and the city’s gas bill
for the day was about $40,000. The most
of this might have been saved could the fog
have been precipitated in a shower of rain,
On the evening of the same day it was
impossible to see, even with gas, and in the
theaters the stage could hardly be seen from
the back portions of the room.

_ There thus seems to be a wide field in
this direction, but there are many difficulties
in the way of its application on a large scale.
Among these may be mentioned the con-
siderable cost of alarge scale experiment, the
uncertainty of the best means for providing
the supply of electricity and the great num-
ber of discharging points over a city render-
ing it difficult to maintain the charge. W hat-
ever may be the difficulties, however, it is
a subject attracting considerable attention,
and already steps have been taken to meet
some of them. Wé may therefore expect to
learn, sooner or later, as to the practicability

‘of the use of electricity as a modifier of
THE

atmospheric conditions in weneral, and more
particularly as an agent for the dissipation

of fo of fogs. W. F.

DunkaNnp,

THE. SPECULUM.

Si

SE 5 seer na ne

PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE COLLEGE : TEAL,
BY THE STUDENTS

OF THE MicHiGan STATE AGEICULTURAL COLLEGE,

eee ih eee ecm ee ee ee =

‘TERMS, TS CENTS A YEAR) SINGLE NommeEers, 1b CENtTs,
AUVERTISING: KATES SLADE KNOWN ON ALELIC TION,

rer" All subscriptions will be rosurdedl as comtinwed, wiles
were modified tu the acntraury.

Tf thas item is itiarkeal, yer subscription expres with this
saab .

eta ae

_ vn een,
Se ee ee ee

BOARD ‘OF DIRECTO RS.

FHI DELTA THETA FRATERNITY.
TAKER, Vy litud® - in - (lif,
Kechilearigds,
NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY,
Cc. TT. WaLomon,

kay &.

Laterary Articles amid

Scie.
OLYMPIC SOCIETY,
I Gr. Deine,  - College News.

DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERNITY.

WwW. L, HossMan, Ath etiess,
ECLECTIC SOCIETY.
ZA. Aloo, Colleres amd Ieaxchunges,
UBLON LITERARY SOCIETY.
FP. J. Niswaxnrn, . * Porsumiils,

oe

AWILLIAM Licirrieony,
Feank G, CLAM,
Prov. Wi. J. Beas,

Tusiness Menieer.
Asst. Gusiness Manager.
‘Tresisiirer.

i

LEN

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, JULY la, 1559.

Wire this issue Tue SPECULUM
pletes tts cighth year, and the editors whe

COM=

have so eagerly watched its progress during
this time now turn their duties over to other
hands.

has been an arduous one, vel in haying down j und acdel materially to the comfort and henlth

the pen and bidding farewell to the “OLp
Spec” we cannot but remember the many
pleasant things which the work has brought
with it. We feel more than ever that a col-
lege paper is a reliable criterion of the moral
and mental status of the students, and that
we are judged to a great extent by that
standard. To make this criterion as high as
possible requires the whole hearted sympathy

Although in some respects the work |

SPECULUM.

of the students and alumni in the work. It
is with pleasure that the retiring board ex-
presses its thanks for this support during the
past year and we hope that it will be extend-
ed, undiminished, to Tue Sercutum in the
future,

Tite establishment af the Summer School
here for teachers and others wishing special
work in the sciences is one of the latest ac-
tions of the State Board. The College holds
luring. the summer ay Waly ancl the adeclitions
of this special course will require mo great
The

fucilitics of the college for this kind of work

change in the existing order of things.
are wide and varied, and present opportunities
to teachers which they can get nowhere else.
The expenses here are small for there is no
tuition to pay and the college grounds are
beautiful and healthful in the summer, We
hope the movement will be a success as it
premises to be at the present time,

Tit question of a bath-house at the col-
lere has been more or less agitated for sev-
eral years. The students have always desired
one and have several times endeavored to
bring the mutter to a head. At last decisive
steps have been taken, and operations will be
begun shortly. The State Board has appro-
priated three hundred dollars and the students
are to furnish alike amount. The bath-room
will be built east of the boiler-house where it
be furnished with hot anel cold

water. It will be large and commodious so
that it may furnish ample room for the
students. The management is placed in the
hands of a bathing club, organized by the
students anel entirely under. their control.
This step will make a great improvement

can readily

of the students. The constitution of the club

is printed below.

Constitution of the Bathing Club.

ARTICLE L
This Club shall be known as the Bathing
Club Branch of the Students? Organization.
ARTICLE I,
SECTION I. The membership of this Club
THE

SPECULUM.

123

shall consist of persons holding bathing club
certificates. These certificates shall be pur-
chased upon entrance, of the Assistant Sec-
retary of the college at the rate of one dollar
($1.00) apiece and shall entitle the purchaser
to all privileges of the Club, Certificates are
not transferable and shall be equally assessed
for all expenses of the Club.

Sec. 2. The Assistant Secretary of the
College shall be Treasurer of the Club and
shall hold all money of the Club, subject to
order of the Steward.

ARTICLE III.

Section 1. The Students’ Organization

shall elect a Steward, whose term of office
shall be one college term.
Sec. 2. The election of Steward shall be
~ by ballot and shall be held two wecks before
the close of the college term. The election
of Steward must be approved by the Prest-
dent of the College.

Sec. 3. The duties of the Steward shall
be to collect all moneys; give receipts and
keep the accounts of the Club in full; make
necessary) purchases; approve and pay all
bills; estimate and assess the expenses per
term; see that the baths and bath house are
kept in proper condition; keep the bath house
open for the use of members, and carry out
such rules as shall be adopted by the Students’
Organization, for the maintenance of order
in the bath room and the systematic opera-
tion of the baths.

Src. 4. If any member fail to comply with
the rules of the Club, the Steward cannot
entertain him as a member of the Club.

Sec. 5. For his services the Steward shall
receive twenty dollars ($20.00) per term.

Sec. 6. By a vote of two thirds of the
Students’ Organization the Steward may be
impeached. |

ARTICLE IV.

The books of the Steward shall be audited
monthly by the auditing commitice of the
Club Boarding Association.

ARTICLE V.

Persons not members of the Club shall be

charged ten cents for each bath.

|

a a “ALE

ARTICLE VI.
This constitution may be amended by a two-
thirds vote of the Students’ Organization.

- 2 7.

COLLEGE NEWS.

Why don't the Juniors bgace up and go to chapel?

The family of President Clute will reach the college
about July 15.

Mr. C. E. Smith of "84 was the guest, June 20, of
Lieut. Simpson.

Efforts will be made to secure two field guns for foot
battery practice.

Itis reported that Howard Terrace is very much in
need of a cistern,

Several pieces of new furniture have been placed in
the Secretary's office.

The wild garden is now quite attractive with its
many plants and neat walks.

The Senior class are very much taken up with the
work in quantitative analysis,

Prof. Thurtell may explain the difference between a
sun spot and a speck on the glass.

Prof. Cook has received three applications within a
month for professor of entomology.

Mrs. Carpenter has been spending two weeks visiting
her mother who lives near Greenville.

H. M. Weed of ’82 and wife, who have been visiting
at Lansing, made a call at the college.

Dr. Beal spoke at the Eaton County Horticultural
Society meeting, held at Charlesworth.

Dr, Beal has ordered of Spencer & Company a one-
eighteenth first-class emersion worth $85. :

Mrs. Holdsworth will be away visiting friends at
Traverse City until the close of the term.

The Librarian has lately received about $250 worth
of books for the Experiment Station Library.

Atthe July meeting of the Board, President Clute
was made director of the Experiment Station.

Mr. Gibbons, editor of the Michigan Farmer, was the
guest of Prof. Johnson one night not long since.

‘Mr. E. B. Fairfield of 71, an agent for the N. W. Life
Insurance Company, visited the college June 14,

It is bad weather for Astronomy. It needs a clear
sky as well as a good eye in order to study the stars.

President Clute’s Sunday morning talks are very in-
teresting. The President makes everything practical.

Target practice will be commenced if ammunition
and some means of transportation will be provided by
the Board.

The officers of the ¥. M. C. A. for next year were
elected July rst, as follows: President, Chas. Ferris;
Vice President, J. R. McColl; Treasurer, W. J. Her-
ron ; Secretary, C. W. Deye ; Corresponding Secretary,
Y. H. Lowe.
—s a

Wm. H. Brooks, a teacher from the Normal, arrived
at the college July 3d, and will take special work in
Chemistry.

Prof. Cook published a 3,000 edition of his Silo and
Silage, March rst. Over 2,500 of these were already
sold June 1.

Mr. Knapper has designed a class bed for "Sg in the
flower garden. Hethinks it is an improvement over
the class bed of "88.

Miss Abbot has resigned her position as librarian to
——wrell, to take effect as soon as her successor can be
secured by the Board.

Dean F, Griswold of '75 from Northville spent Sat-
urday and Sunday, June 2gand 30, at M. A. C., visiting
his friend, Mr, Peebles.

4.”

A fine collection of sample ores of lead,‘zinc, copper
and silver were lately received by the Chemical De-
partment from Butte City, Montana.

The public parlor across from the ¥. M. C. A, rooms
has been fitted up and is ready for use. Visitors have
the use of this parlor at any and all times.

Indian club hangers, wall machines and a chest ex-
pander are among the apparatus lately received by the
Military Department for the gymnasium.

Club C's cooks left suddenly July tst. Mr. Smith,
the steward, has secured Ben Burdon of Lansing as
cook, and the club staited up again July 4.

The report comes to us through W. A. Kinnan of ’86
. and Dr, Beal, that Sec'y Willits is well received by all
connected with the Department of Agriculture.

Mr, Dewey took the Senior class to the ball ground
where he showed them what is known as fairy rings.
It isa fungus caused by several kinds of mushrooms.

The friendly face of Col. McCreery, of Flint, was not
seen here at the July meeting of the Board of Agricul-
ture, he having Leen called to New York on business.

The State Board gives $300 towards a bath house,
and the students raise as much, It will be conducted
by the boys on the same system that our clubs are now
rin,

The resignation of Professor Johnson has been asked
for by the State Board, to take effect August 20. His
successor will not be chosen until the next meeting of
the Board.

Mr. Peebles has alarge class in vocal music Tuesday
-and Thursday evenings. This vocai training is sup-
plying a long felt need, and the students seem to
appreciate it.

‘Dr, Beal visited the Experiment Stations at Harri-
son, Baldwin and Walton the lastof June. He reports
things in good condition. July 3d he left to visit the
other stations.

Juniors came in about 11 o'clock P. M., with three
moths. They did not knew cut-worm moths but
will recognize them hereafter. Senior to Junior,
“Didn't get much.’ Junior, ‘‘ Well they aren't very
large but they are pretty fine specimens though.”

THE SPECULUM.

Sr —

Mr. N. A. Richards a graduate of Albion and nine
years principal of the St. Louis schools is taking a
special course in Chemistry, He has been chosen as
Mr. Church's successor at Greenville.

There will be added to the zoological museum before
next term commences a porpoise manatees and several
other fine specimens. This will make by far the finest
addition ever made to our collection at one time.

Mr. Norton, with ‘71, and Judge Ramedell, of Trav-
erse City, who was an instructor in an carly day at the
college and is now one of the leading fruit growers of
the State, madea short visit at the college not long
since,

Mr. L. R. Jones, graduate of U. of M. and professor
elect of U. of M, and Experiment Station, is at the col-
lege for the purpose of doing special work in the Zoo-
logical and Veterinary Departments the remainder
of the term.

The orators for the contest have been elected. 'W.
Babcock and H, J, Hall from the Union Literary So-
ciety, A. L. Walters and K. L. Butterfield from the
Eclectic Society, C. F. Rittenger and W. A. Fox from
the Olympic Society,

Mr. Hillman has been chosen professor of Entomo-
logy of the U, of Nevada and will be connected with
Botany and Experiment Station work. As considera-
tion for his services he will receive a salary of $1,800.
He has our best wishes. *

Many applications for the chairof English Literature
were before the Board of Agriculture at its July meet-
ing. The Board desires to secure a well trained man
of wide experience in teaching, hence it is moving a
little slowly. No appointment was made but several
applications from most able professors are under con-
sideration by the Committee on Employes.

It is warm weather again, and proper sanitary meas-
ures and precautions should be taken by every student,
Stewards should see to it that everything around their
club rooms are neat and clean. There is no need of
having a swarm of flies about the kitchens and dining
rooms, and rifer ice put in the water that is to be

drank. The pail of water should be set into a tank of
ice.

In the contests at Pine Lake July qth, L. Burnet won
ist prize for the standing high jump, standing broad
jump, 100 yards dash and tied for tst in the sack
race. 5S. K. Boyd took ist on high kick. H. Doty
received ist on the swimming race and Hillyer 2d.
The second nine won both base ball games at William-
ston—M. A. C. vs. Fowlerville, 8 to 3; M. A. C. vs.
Williamston, 14 to 6,

The work on The Harrow for '89 is progressing
finely. The annual will contain all the good features
of its predecessors and many new ones of great inter-
est are to be added. It will be especially interesting
to the Alumni. Our college annual is unquestionably
above all others in the line of art, yet '91 will raise the

standard still higher. The book will be out some time
before commencement.
THE SPECULUM.

125

Senator McMillan has purchased the Austin collec-
tion of Coleoptera for the college. This is one of the
finest scientific collections in the country. There are
about 8,000 species and about 40,000 specimens. This
with the 12,000 Lepidoptera presented last winter by
Senator McMillan and the cabinets before at the col-
lege gives us about 70,000 speciniens, which forms one
of the best collections of the west.

The Annual Catalogue for M. A. C. is under way and
willbe out soon, A few changes of interest have been
made. Three hours of drill per week will be required
in every term of the year. One-half term of military
tactics has been added to the fall term of the Sopho-
more year. Moral Philosophy has been changed to
the Senior year and made compulsory, The men-
tion of the Summer Course here will be a feature of
the new catalogue.

The next Specutum Board will be made up as fol-
lows, with the exception of Science Editor who has
not yet been elected: Editor-in-chief, W. Babcock,
Union Literary Society. Colleges and Exchanges,
A. L. Waters, Eclectic Society; College News, J. R.
McColl, Phi Delta Theta; Athletics, B. K. Bentley,
Delta Tau Delta; Personals, C. F. Rittenger, Olympic
Society; Busine-s Manager, F. H. Stahl; Assistant
Business Manager, F. W. Ashton; Treasurer, Secre-
tary Reynolds,

Lieut. Simpson speaks in very complimentary terms
of the band. The following are the names of the mem-
bers: H. F, Hall, Drum Major; F. Goodenough,
Leader, E flat cornet; A. H, Gillette, solo B flat cor-
net: Chas. Angell, first B flat cornet; A. J. Warren,
first alto; John Dunn, second alto, 5. K. Boyd, first
tenor; L. Burnett, Tuba; F. G. Stone, tenor drum +
M. §. Gregory, bass drum. At the beginning of next
term the band will be reinforced by several other good
players and then we shall expect some excellent music.

The importance of Secretary Willits's position will
be readily seen when we notice the divisions that have
been assigned to his department: Botanical division
and section of vegetable pathology, pomological, chem-
ical, microscopical, ornithological, forestry and ento-
mological divisions, the silk section and the office of
experiment stations. Secretary Willits will, ir gener-
al, control and direct the scientific policy and opera-
tions of these divisions and sections, and all questions
and correspondence involving the scientific work will
be submitted to him for approval and signature.

Hiram T. French has resigned his position here as
assistant professor of Agriculture to accept a position
in Oregon Agricultural College as superintendent of
Experimental farm and vice director of station. His
resignation is to take effect July 15, and he will enter
on his new duties at Corvallis, August 1st. Mr, French
has been connected with the Farm Department here

‘ever since he graduated in ’85, and has won the re-
spect and confidence of all who have had to
do with him. We-regret having to lose Mr. French
but a broader field isopen to him and we can but wish
him success and a pleasant home on the Pacific coast.

A request for flowers for Michigan Day at Gettys-
burg came to the college on the 6th inst. President
Clute consulted with our florist, Mr. Knapper, and
found him enthusiastic in his desire to aid in decora-
ting the graves of the Michigan men who fell on that
field of glory. On the evening of the oth a fine collec-
tion of greenhouse flowers was expressed to the Get-
tysburg Floral Committee in Detroit, to be added to
the car-load to leave Detroit on the roth. G. A. Dick-
ey, one of the ablest men in the class of '61, fell on that
bloody field from whence so many noble souls went up
to God, All college friends rejoice that a floral tribute
has gone from the college to testify our affection for
him and for the thousands who fell with him,

The attention of the students is especially called to
the work that is being done on the Horticultural
Department. Besides putting the lawn in good shape
Prof. Taft is carrying on many valuable experiments.
These experiments are conducted in such a way that
the results will be very reliable, Wherever it is possi-
ble the experiments are duplicated and triplicated.
Under his supervision are carried on in various parts
of the State experiments tu determine the effects of
climate, location and soil upon certain fruits, All the
experiments are very practical and such as the student
will be asked about many times and will wish to
know for his own benefit. Prof. Taft will be very glad
to show the students the experiments as far as he can
and will explain the object and the methods pursued.
It would well pay the students to spend one hour a
week gleaning from the Horticultural Department, by
daylight, the benefits of these experiments.

Our Summer School,

It is remarkable that the great facilities of the Mieh-
igan Agricultural College as a summer school for all
who desire a few weeks or afew months of special
training have not been more widely announced and
more Widely used. Our regular school year continues
through the summer and all our regular work is in
progress, hence summer students can join any classes
which they are prepared to enter, The chemical lab-
oratory is one of the most excellently equipped in the
country, having every appliance necessary to the ele-
mentary or advanced student. Laboratory work is
individual work, each student can work independent
of all others ; hence he can begin at any time, in any
line of work for which he is fitted ; work as many hours
a day as he pleases, and for as many weeks or months
as he can spare, having all the time an able professor
at hand from whom to get suggestions and direction.

The botanical laboratory probably has no superior
in America. It has a large and beautiful building
exclusively devoted to it. Its herbarium is extensive
and valuable, Its museum is one of exceeding inter-
est. It has a large equipment of compound micro-
scopes of the best quality, so that each student is
furnished one at no cost. In this laboratory the ad-
vanced student finds every appliance to assist him in
his work, and students in the elements aided by these
126

THE SPECULUM.

appliances find their progress to be rapid and encour-
aging. Those desiring to improve their knowledge of
systematic botany have study-rooms and tables, micro-
scopes and implements; gardens, fields and woods
abounding in flowers, and skilled experts to direct
them to the best methods.

In zoology and entomology the laboratory is not less
fully equipped than are the laboratories of the
chemical and botanical departments. It has large

rooms, complete apparatus, including many of the .

best microscopes, a museum rich in typical specimens,
and a cabinet of entomological specimens, surpassed
by only a few in America. Here under skilled and
enthusiastic instructors the student soon finds himself
entering a new world of interest and delight that fills
every hour of the day with absorbing study,

The physical laboratory is also one of the important
features of the college. The apparatus is extensive
and of the best kind. Students are taught its use, and
allowed to use it. They are also taught to construct,
use, take care of, and repair apparatus, Hence, here
teachers will learn to prepare much of the apparatns
they need fur the proper study of natural philosophy
in their schools ; apparatusewhich many school boards
do not provide because they have no knowledge of its
great value in education.

The mathematical department has a superior equip-
ment of instruments for surveying and leveling, with
which students do field work, thus getting a practical
knowledge of the instruments. In solid geometry,
analytical geometry, and astronomy students can join
the regular classes. There is a small observatory with
a good telescope, which is at the service of stu-
dents. A few evenings in the observatory will give a
student command of the telescope, and a better knowl-

‘edge of the heavens than can be acquired by months
of text-book study only,

Manual training is coming rapidly to the front.
Most of the special manual training schools are crowd-
ed with pupils, In some of the public schodls it is
being introduced with success. In the mechanical
department of the college there is a wood shop sup-
plied with all tools, benches and materials for learning
the use of carpenters’ tools. Students are put through
a course of bench work in a series of graded exercises,
advancing as rapidly as he is able to da the work. He
learns advanced joining, turning and cabinet work.

‘He is taught also pattern making and moulding.
Each student in the wood shop has his own set of tools
which he is taught to take care of, The iron shop is
provided with engine, lathes, forges, anvils and all the
tools of a regular manufacturing establishment, and in
it the students are put through a complete course of
iron work. The summer students who take the shop
practice will find it a valuable aid in interesting
parents and school boards in this most valuable and
fascinating part of education, and in introducing man-

. wal training into their own schools,

The department of English literature is so popular
everywhere that it is necessary only to say that most
able professors are here found, who always wake in

2

their students a deep enthusiasm. A few weeks spent
in the critical study of some of the master-pieces of
Shakespeare, Tennyson, Milton ahd Longfellow
always leaves the student richer in thought, and
keener in appreciation, and adds to his power of enjoy-
ing “the wells of English undefiled.”

To those who seek instruction in farming and gar-
dening these departments offer advantages not equaled
at any other school in the world, The large farm is
in admirable condition. It has superior buildings for
every branch of farm work. It has fine stock of sev-
eral different breeds. It has the most superior ma-
chinery for all kinds of labor. It is conducted by men
who have a national reputation. The college park,
lawns, gardens and orchards include about one hun-
dred acres, through which wind many walks and
drives, and amid which are scattered the numerous
and beautiful college buildings. All of these one hun-
dred acres are in charge of the Professor of Horticul-
ture, and are keptin fine order. He has a new and
beautiful laboratory fully equipped. His students are
enthusiastic in their devotion to their work in class-
room and in garden. Students in horticulture who
spend even a few weeks here cannot fail to be greatly
helped.

Expenses for tuition are nothing to students from
Michigan. Those outside of Michigan pay §5 oo for
twelve weeks. Board averages about $2.50 per week.
Students can enter at anytime. Those desiring fur-
ther information can write Henry G. Reynolds, Sec-
retary, Agricultural College P. ©.

a Po

PERSONALS.

"62.

Frank Hodgeman's text book on Civil Engineering
has been adopted at the college.

O4. ;

W. W. Daniels professor of chemistry in the Madi-
son ( Wis.) University was a delegate from the State
Board of Health to the American Medical Association
which met at Newport, Rhode Island, June asth. He
says ‘'Tsuppose you are now sailing under a new pilot,
and TI hope for fair breezes and a full tide for the old
college."’ Prof. Daniels will conduct a summer normal
for teachers during the warm months.

“6g.

William D. Place was elected County Clerk of Ionia
county, last fall running 300 ahead of his ticket. He
has laid out and owns the Highland cemetery which
contains 100 acres. His farm, including the cemetery,
contains 500 acres. He runs a dairy of eighty cows
and supplies the city, prison and asylum with mill.

Warren A. Wells is employed as a teacher at Corn-
ing, Arkansas. He has real estate nearCorning, He

— <=

| says the soil is good and large crops of cotton, corn and

garden vegetables are raised,

Fruit is suffering
somewhat from the recent rains.

S. M. Tracy, who is the director of the Mississippi
Experiment Station, is making a specialty of grass
THE SPECULUM,

= eer 2aPe ot

culture, having over 700 plots in cultivation now and
arrangements made for planting nearly as many more
next fall. His herbarium collection includes over 600
species of grasses, and he has a large number of du-

plicates which he will be glad to exchange for North-
ernspecimens, He is enthusiastic over Mississippi as
& grass ¢ and dairy country. Says he cuts three crops
of hay in a year and that butter prices are fully fifty
per cent higher than in the north. For outside busi-
ness he is growing this year sixty-five acrés of water-
melons and thirty-fiveof cucumbers. Ought not some
one to send him a bottle of Jamaica ginger.

1
TT.

E. B. Fairfield who occupied the position of superin-
tendent of schools at Grand Haven is now engaged as
a special agent for the Northwestern Mutual Life In
surance Company, with his headquarters at Grand
Rapids.

WITH

Boyd Shelton was ex-Senator Tabor’s manager in
his attempt to secure the senatorial nomination.

“F4-

Wm. Cook writes: I am at present farming and
performing the duties of county superintendent of
schools in Marshall county, South Dakota, with my
headquarters at Britton, On May 14th I was elected,
on the republican ticket, a delegate to the Constitu-
tional Convention which meets at Sioux Falls July 4.
South Dakota is enjoying quite a boom this summer
on account of the near approach of Statehood. It now
looks as if we were to have a lively time in politics
this fall and it would not be strange if I take a hand in.
Say to the boys that Iam doing as well as I deserve.

75:

F, J. Annis is one of the most popular and active
men of Fort Collins. Besides being secretary of the
State Board of Agriculture and the Experiment Sta-
tion, he is treasurer and secretary of the Board of Ed-
ucation, of the Electric Light Company, of several
ditch companies and carries on a successful law prac-
tice.

‘I
a1.

"76,

Jay Stannard is taking the lead among Colorado im-
porters of Shropshire sheep. He has a number one
flock.

‘77.

Charles 1. Goodwin is engaged in dairy and general
farming on a farm of 140 acres in Ionia county. At
present he occupies the position of town clerk and is
secretary of the Ionia County Pomona Grange. His
family consists of wife and three children, two daugh-
ters and ason, He reports crops in a poor condition
owing to the cold weather,

Prof. W. C. Latta of Purdue University conducted
farmers’ institutes in northern Indiana last winter.
of, .

Eugene Davenport while out botanizing on the Red

Cedar fell from his skiff into the water the second of
this month. No damage done.

1247

=
—————— ee.

WITH ‘78.

E. C. Harrington has moved from Pontiac to Denver,
Col. Heis giving a course of lectures on Medical
Jurisprudence to the medical students of the Denver
University.

"SI.

J. L. H. Knight is still farming at Lee Part, Nebras-
ka, where he has been since he left college. He is
conducting quite a large stock farm. He is located
near a good railroad and seems to be making money.

Arthur B. Turner spent some time at the college
reviewing chemistry and physics. He will teach school
the coming winter at Three Oaks.

Charles McKinney graduated from Olivet College
last month. He ‘las been retained as instructor in
English. What did we tell you?

Biz.

Prof. L. H. Bailey visited the college last month,
and after visiting his parents he returned to Ithaca,
New York.

Harry W. Baird is studying law with Uh! &
Crane of Grand Rapids. He expects to enter the law
department at the University next fall. Harry seems
well pleased with Grand Rapids.

"B4.

]. D. Hill is practicing law at Montpelier, Ohio. He
is having good success.

Warren D. Barry, the rover of the class, has been in
the west for some time. At present he is with the
Gant Engineers as draughtsman. His address is Wil-
son Point, La.

E. C. Bank is assistant superintendent of the Reform
School at Lansing. He has a little daughter and wants
to know why he is not entitled to the class cup.

Chas. McDiarmid is farming. He is also breeding
thorough Hereford cattle and Cotswold sheep at Bear
Lake, Manistee county.

W. V. Sage is chairman of the Board of School Ex-
aminers of VanBuren county, and principal of the
Hartford schools, He has conducted various cam-
paigns against the fair teachers of his county, in one
of which he was successful. He was married last
winter.

S5.

H. E. Thomas was examined before the Supreme
Court and was admitted to practice. He will remain
in Lansing until September. He is somewhat unde-
cided as to where he will Tecate.

F. M. Woodmansee is practicing law at Vermont-
ville. He represents several fire and one life insur-
ance company. He is having fairly good success.
Since last August he has had fifteen Circuit Court
cases, being successful in everyone, and he has several
more on hand, He is acting as collection agent for
geverak large manufacturing companies. He was:
elected Circuit Court Commissioner of Eaton county
last fall and Justice of the Peace this spring. He says
125

7

THE SPECULUM.

“On December r4th last a little stranger in the shape
of a seven and one-half pound boy took up his resi-
dence with us. We think he is very nice.”

Hiram T. French has accepted a position as foreman
of the farm and assistant in the Experiment Station at
the Agricultural College of Oregon.

786.
Henry N. Jenner, of the firm of Rule & Jenner, of

Goshen, Ind., says: “We bought an old established
drug business and are doing well,"

reo. T. French has been market gardening in Lan-
sing thissummer. He is also raising a few bees,
By,

Frank RK. Smith is farming at home. He says he
enjoys the work and that he thinks he will stick to it,
He is engaged in a small way in apiculture. .

Paul Chamberlain was tendered a position as in-
structor in mechanical drawing and mathematics in
the South Dakota Agricultural College but he preferred
to remain with the Brown Hoisting and Conveying
Machine Co., of Cleveland.

. "88.

L. A. Bregger has accepted a $900 position in a
Chicago cemetery. Now Louis apply the principles
of landscape gardening.

T. H. Hillman has been appointed Professor of Ento-
mology with a salary of $1,800 in the University of
Nevada, He will leave for the west soon.

We are pleased to record an addition to
of L. C. Colburn.

Dr. .N. 5. Mayo will deliver the opening address at
the Chicago Veterinary College, October rst.

WitH ‘SS.

Bailey Smith and Geo. VanAtta have taken up a
piece of land at Seatco, Washington Territory.

John Wesener is employed j in the Chicago College of
Pharmacy.

the family
He has our congratulations.

J. A. Thompson will canvass for a Chicago firm sell-
ing anatomical charts.

WITH '89,

P. G. Gilbert is draughtsman for James Flower
Bros., of Detroit. -

Mark Anthony, who has been with Warren & Swarey,
of Cleveland, has opened an electrical supply store in
that city,

H. J. DeGarmo is at home assisting in the farm work.
He expects to visit the college soon.

WITH "go,
C. Dodge is soliciting agent for the Cleveland Press.

F. B. Stockwell is acting as salesman in the dry
goods house of Strong, Lee & Co., of Detroit.

Statistics show that it costs from $400 to $1,500-to put
a boy through college. Returns show that the money
invested in the four hundred dollar boy pays best in-
terest on the investment.

ATHLETICS.

Canfeld and Smith have gained quite a reputation
for their battery work ; so much so, that the Lansing
League tried to procure them to play against the
Grand Rapids team July 4.

The University team played at the College, June 11,
and were beaten by the following score :

MAC. any

U. of M. ABE BHPOA E ERBHPO AE
Marker, r. f.....f 3 2 1 0 O))Chase,e f.....3 10 2 0 0
Deny, c.f ......5 0 2 0 0) Perrin, 1 f.....3 1 2 0 o 1
Rich, 1. bees § 211 0 2) Smith, c........... 523510
Wilkinson, 165 114421 S| | Kittinger, 2 b....5 316 65.2
Codd, p 5 120 1 wGordies, rf welt L 20 1 0
Lewis, & Sos. 501 2 0 Canfield, pwd 110 3 2
(xray, z b. 51111 i|Burnett,3 bos 105 24
Melndoe, c......4 1 1 110 2) Cleland, #,5....... 4lia0at
Todd, 3 b......1--+ 4112 0 Gardner, 1b... 1 6100 1

Total, 43 101229 3 11)} Total, 201210271511
123465 6 7 8 D
U of M.....0 0 @ 4 1 0 2 2 O10
M.A. O.....0 2 9 20 0 1 4 *—12

Two-base hits, Perrin, 2; Wilking 1. Tassed balls— Smith,
2; McIndoe, 3. Wild pitches, Codd, 5; Canfield, 0. Base wn
balls, Codd, 4: Canfield, 0. Left on bases, Ul’. of M., 6 M. A.

C., T. Farmed rage, 0. of M., 2; M.A. C., 6

us A

COLLEGES,

“Down in front,” a motto for mustache farmers.

Freshman yellat Yale: “Bric-a-kex-kex, coax, brick-
a-kex-kex, coax, coax, whu-op, whu-op, parabaloo,
"ga?

At the University of Virginia the students are allow-

ed to bring their dogs into the class room but the pro-
fessors object to the presence of ‘* ponies.”

The young ladies of Wisconsin University are study-
ing carpentry, and make as great advancément in
mechanical skill as in their intellectual studies.

Ex-President White, of Cornell, now traveling in
Egypt still retains his interest in that institution. He
recently sent a valuable collection of antiquities to
Cornell.

The chair of Philosophy made vacant by the death
of Professor Morris, in the University of Michigan is
filled by Dr, John Dewey, formerly Professor of Phil-
osophy in the University of Minnesota,

Colby University has secured the Maine State Geo-
logical Collection which was formerly in the capitol at
Augusta, for its museum. It still remains the property
of the State but, will be properly cared for by the
University.

A Freshmen knows everything, he has explored the
universe and has proved all things. A Sophomore has
the wisdom of an owl, but like that sedate bird keeps
still about it. A Junior knows a little, but begins to be
a little doubtful about it. A Senior knows nothing.
This is supposed to be the explanation of the fact that
so much information can be found in our colleges.

The Freshman brings in a good supply of knowledge
and the Senior takes none of i it out,
THE SPECULUM.

ae

J. A. TURNER,

(Successor to A. Turner),

rig Mlichigan Avenuc, Lansing.

= = —= aed cd

231, 233, 235, 237 Washington Avenue 5,, LANSING, MicH.

SPECIAL SUMMER COURSE.

Commercial Shorthand, Typewriting, Penmanship, Normal. Special attention given to Teachers’ Reviews.
_ Tuition for nine weeks, from July 1, to Sept. 1, in any department, only $7.00. Write for particulars.

JOHNSON & MINER, Proprietors and Mandwers of the Michigan School Bureau.

Crotty Bros.) WILL IT PAY

i]

Have a Full Line of To give $3.00 per dozen for Cabi-
ot P hs hen » Post-
Base Ball Goods, Lawn ‘Tennis, net Photographs, when we
| | tiveLy GUARANTEE just as good for
Lacrosse and Croquet Sets,

- ; : $2.00 as can be had in the city of
Gymnasium Goods, Hammocks, Tents, | Lansing. Special rates to all connect-

Lawn Chairs and Camp Stools. ed with the M. A. C. We solicit a
“The Victor” Bicycles and Safeties. | trial, which will be Free of Charge if
Ladies’ and Children’s Tricycles. not Perfectly Satisfactory.
Agents for the OVERMAN WHEEL Co. | © Cheney & Lawson.

"ORENTICE & KIEF.. BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE,

Merchant ¥ Tailors. Manual of the Apiary.

14,000 sold since 1876. 5.000 sold since May, 1883. 15th 1,000
wholly revised. much enlarged, and many cortly
illustrations added

Fine Pantings, Svitings and Overcoatings. | rice, by mai, gras. Liberal discount to dealers and fer

clubs,
Military Uniforms a Specialty.
A Perfect Fit Guaranteed. Registered snropshires and Short Horns of the most fashion-
Peemenrurlry able strains for sale.
Removed to 224 Washington Avenue South, Lansing, Mich. A. J. COOK, Author and Publisher,

Sirk Hats PRESSED AND CLEANED. Lansing, Mich.

FOR THE FINEST

—Photogtaphié + Work

= TO—

CASSEY & RILEY,

Over Lagsing Natlonal Bank.

SPECIAL RATES TO STUDENTS.

OUT-DOOR GROUPS MADE ON SHORT NOTICE.

—_er a — a

If you want Stylish Furniture, go to

COWLES BROS.

If you want Good Furniture, go to
COWLES BROs.

If you want Cheap Furniture, go to
COWLES BROS.

Hudson & Baird Block,
235 Washington Ave. S., Lansing, Mich.

Special Inducements to Students.

J. C. HUFFMAN,

BAKER * and '. CONFECTIONER,

“Makes the Best Bread and Ice Cream.

jo4 Washington Ave..N., Lansing, Mich.

W. H. PORTER,

First-Glass Livery and Hacks.

Stables cor. Capitol Ave. and Washtenaw St,
Telephone No. &.

piaeienin

THE SPECULUM.

|

Ww. RAPLEE,
Wholesale and Retail Dealer in

Jewelry, Watches, Glocks,
Diamonds, Silver and Plated Ware.

1109 Washington Ave., Lansing.

REPAIRING NEATLY DONE.

a eer

STUDENTS FIND AT

G. W. FRARY’S STORG

A large and fine line of

GENT’S HATS AND CAPS.

IN ALL THE LATEST STYLES.

Blanchard & Beebe

SELL THe BEST

AT THE LOWEST PRICES.

Cail and see before purchasing elsewhere.

BLANCHARD & BEEBE,
218 Washington Ave., Smith Block.
Repairing Heatly Done,

YOU WILL FIND US

Directly opposite Hotel Downey, in one of the Best

Ground Floor Photograph Galleries

In the State. We do all kinds of work known to
the art, and always try to excel all com-
petition. We offer

Special [nducements

to all connected with the STATE AGRICULTURAL
COLLEGE.

SAVIGNY & CHRISTMAS.

SHELLY
DRUGS, PERFUMES, SPECTACLES.

CITY HALL BLOCH,
Lansing, Mich.

THE SPECULUM.

-ELGIN MIFFLIN,
fiadies’ and Gentlemen's Fine Furnishing Goods,

103 WASHINGTON AVENUE NORTH.

More of them, better made, finer and cheaper. Am speaking now of my
Hat stock, an inspection of which will convince you that they are correct in
style and unquestionably right in price. The light Derby I offer at $2.50 is
the best hat ever offered at that price. Neckwear, Underwear, Hosiery, Shirts,
Handkerchiefs, in fact anything in the line of gentlemen’s fine furnishings you
will tind my place headquarters. ELGIN MIFFLIN.

COLLE F BOY Make A. M. EMERY’S Book Store
» your Hleadguarters while you “ wait for the wagon.”
College Text Books and Stationery Constantly on Hand.

A Larae Stock of Miscellaneous Books Albums, Paintings, Engravivgs,

Gold Pens, Wirt’s Fountain Pens, Picture Frames and Wall Paper,
at Reduced Rates to the Students.

Pror. McEwan’s $100 Liprary in stock. |
A. M. EMERY, 113 Michigan Avenue.

Michigan ¢ State + Agricultural ¢ College.

P. 0., Agricultural College. Express and Freight Office, Lansing.

The institution has a teaching force of twenty professors and instructors, and is thoroughly
equipped with apparatus for scientific investigation, and with machinery and tools for the
use of students in the Department of Mechanic Arts.

The Library contains over 10,000 volumes, consisting largely of scientific works.

The General Museum and Museums of Botany, Forestry and Veterinary are well filled.

FOUR YEARS ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE COURSE

WHICH EMBRACES——

Chemisiry, Mathematics, Mechanics, Drawing, Botany, Zoology, Velerin-
ary, Hnglish Language and Literature, French,
German, and Miliary Zactics.

Three hours labor on each. working day, except Saturdays. Maximum rate paid for
labor, eight cents an hour. my

Rates.—Tuition free to residents of the State; $5 per term for non-residents.

Club Boarding, from $2.00 to $2.50 per week.

CALENDAR FOR THE YEARS 1889-’9o.

Monday, May 27, 1889, Summer term begins at 8 p. m., the first week continuing through Saturday. Friday,
July 5, Examinations on half term-studies. Thursday, August 15, Examinations begin. Friday, August 16,
Summer term ends at noon for all but the graduating class. Sunday, August 18, Baccalaureate sermon, Tues-
day, August 20, Commencement. Monday, August 26, College year begins at 8 p, m., the first week continuing
through Saturday. Friday, October 4, Examinations on half term studies. Thursday, November 14, hxamina-
tions begin. . Friday, November 15, Autumn term ends. Monday, February 24, 1890, Spring term begins at 8
p.m, the first week continuing through Saturday.

For Catalogue apply to Oscar CLuTeE, President, or HENkY G. REYNOLDs, Sec’y.

BROAS

The One-Price Clothier, undersells them all on Clothing, Hats, Caps, and
Gents’ Furnishing Goods.
CORNER WASHINGTON and MICHIGAN AVENUES, LANSING.

; z

rm “oO
AD ¢ y eS
g OS 2m 8
co “2 e m
2 I a 4 Hm a
AD y 3
THe NEw “CLEARY BUSI m “COLLEGE

Yrsilanti, Wich. Circulars on Application.

P. R. CLEARY, Presivent.
HE. LHDERER & SONS

Are Headquarters for Gents’ Furnishings, Hats and Caps. Special Prices given to Students.
113 Washington Avenue North, H. LEDERER & SONS, the Clothiers.
Big Line of Gold and Silver Tipped Umbrellas just recetved.

iL. BES ; FRED. W. BERTCH,

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in
THE CLOTHIER.

Headquarters for Fine Clothing PRESHANDSALT
Hats, Caps and Gents’ Furnishing Goods "WL EG ATS :

a epeciaity.
STUDENTS and OTHERS, Give vs a Gall! POULTRY anv GAME IN SEASON.
112 Washington Avenue North. No. 333 Washington Avenue South,

Telephonic Communication.
THE SPECULUM.

The M. Cc. Lilley & Co.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

MILITARY GOODS OF ALL KINDS.

REGALIA SUPPLIES, BAND EQUIPMENTS, AND

UNIFORMS OF ALL

DESCRIPTIONS.

Special Inducements to Students and those getting up Clubs or Companies.

COLUMBUS, OHIO.

L. J. GUSS,

THE ONE-PRICE CASH SHOE DEALER, Respect-
fully Solicits a share of your patronage.

to Large Orders.

Special Prices given

Corner opposite Hotz, Downey,
LANSING, MICH.

JOHN HERRMANN,

Merchant Gailor

228 Washington Ave. N.,
Opposite Opera House Byock,
Keeps the largest selection of fine Cloths
in Central Michigan.

STYLE AND WORKMANSHIP THE VERY BEST

U. H. FORESTER,

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

Books, Stationery, Toys, Fancy Goods

THE BIG WINDOW, WASHINGTON AVE,

LANSING, - = - - MICHIGAN.

VOISELLE & LAROSE,

HEADQUARTERS FOR

Wall Paper & Decorations.

J. S. MOFFETT,

DENTIST!

Twenty-two years’ experience asa Praétical
Dentist. The only Dentist in Lansing who
is a graduate of a Dental College.

BripGeE Work or TEETH WITHOUT
PLATES. GOLD OR PORCELAIN
CROWNS.

Office over Lansing National Bank, Lansing.

THAT CLOCK ON THE WINDOW

Ts for the benefit of the public, and aleo to mark
tne location of

5. B. MORGAT, Jeweler,

I MAKE WATCH REPAIRING A SPECIALTY.

After 2-curlng your work once, I will endear to keep your
patronage by doing it well,

FINE SR@ES

In all Styles and Prices that are Right.

Ladies Hand Turns in Button, Lace and Congress.

GENT’S SHOES A SPECIALTY,

—At the—

Cash Boot and Shoe Store.
104 Washington Ave. N. WOODSUM & co.

THE SPECULUM

NOTICE.—You are cordially invited to inspect our large stock of

Men's and Boys’ Slothing,

Hats, Purnishing Goods Ano Neckwear.

Knee Pants from four to fourteen years. MrEn’s $1.00 PANTS A SPECIALTY.

Yours truly,

MODEL CLOTHING HOUSE.

109 ‘Washington Avenue, Lansing, Mich,

A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF

Wiiting Tables, Desks, Chaitg, &¢.,
EXTRA SrRCIAL FIGURES To STUDENTS.

M. J. BUCK, Opposite the Opera House.

You will find the Largest Assortment of OP HH. SEDINA
a. Boots . noes 1 jedi

Pants tal i big al the Knees:
| TA. WOODWORTH emience Cty cate Patens

By, «115 N, Washington Ave, Dress Suits a Specialty!
ie. Repairi
epa cary Bey If you want a good fitting Military

a ee suit be sure to call on
cea ee erate, T. H. SEDINA.

A. J. FREE’S TONSORIAL PARLOR,

ioS Michigan Avenue, Lansing,

IS THE PLACE TO GET THE BEST WORK DONE |

A. large force of skilled workmen always ready to please customets,

THE SPECULUM.

=—ars .

CHIGAGO MEDICAL COLLEGE,

Corner Prairie Avenue and a6th Street, CH CAGO, ILL.
Medical Department of the Northwestern University. Session of 1889-90.
WN. 5S. DAVIS, M. D., LL. D., Dean.

The ‘Thirty-first Annual Course of Instruction will begin Tuesday, September 24th, 1859, and close Tuesday, April 2gth, 190,
The course of instruction is graded, students being divided into. first, second and third year classes. Applicants for admission
tnust present diplomas ov certificates from recognized colleges, schools of science, academies, high schools, or teachers’ certifi
cates of the first or second grade, or sustain a preliminary examination.

The method of instruction is conspicuensly practical, and is applied in the wards of the Mercy and St, Luke's Hospitals daily
at the bedside of the sick, in the College Aauphitheatres, and in the South Side Dispensary attached to the College, where upwards
af fourteen thousand patients are treated annuilly. Fees: Matriculation $5. Lectures, first and second years, cach, $75, third
year free, Demonstretor £10, including material, Operative Surgery $5, including material, Laboratory $5. Brenkage {re-
turmable) $5. Hospitals: Merey $4, for third year students; St. Luke's $5, for second year students; final examination 370, No
extra fees for Private Classes or Microscopical Laboratory.

For further information or wnnouncement address

FRANK BILLINGS, M. D., Sec'y, 235 State Street, Chicago, MM,

New England Clothing Store,

116 Washington Avenue South, LANSING, MICH.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

CLOTHING, GENTS’ FURNISHING GOODS, HATS and CAPS,

Suitings for the old and young—Men’s, Youths’, Boys and Children’s—always in’ stock and at prices that
defy competition. Special inducements to students.

The Largest, Brightest and Lightest Store, and the best stock to select from in Lansing.

Specialties in Gents’ Fine Furnishings. Don’t pass us by when in want of anything in our line. Call in.

H. RAZEK, the Low Price Clothier.

—o =

BF. SIMONS,!|G. J. FOSTER.

104 WASHINGTON AVENUE, _ Dealer in—
Displays the Finest
&

eT Boots, Shoes and Rubbers,
ONS

PRY GO
320 Washington ‘Ave., Lansing, Mich.

AND CARPETS ae

That has ever been opened in the city. You will always . ar
find goods as represented, and our prices at the bottom. Lawn Tennis Goods, Best Made

|

/ qsertt GILT Tg
Dleel Wens.

FOR ARTISTIC USE in fine drawings

Nos. 659 (Crow-quill), .
FOR FINE 03 RNG. ill), age and age

Wo, 303, and Ladies’, 17.
FOR BROAD WRITING.” .

Nos. a4. q89 and Stub Point, Ban.
FOR GENERAL WRITING,

Mos. 404, 332, 399 and fog.

THE MOST PERFECT OF PENS.)

Gold Medal Paris Exposition, 1878.
joseph Gillott & Sons, o John St., New York.

— Piciousl ink

Prepared under the direction of Prof, E. N. Horsrorp.

A. teaspoonful of the Acid Phosphate in a tumbler of water, and sweetened
to the taste, makes a delicious, healthful and invigorating drink. To it may
be added such stimulants as the person is from necessity or habit accustomed
-to take, and its action will harmonize therewith.

It is an agreeable and healthy substitute for Lemons and Lime Juice in the
preparation of all acidulated drinks.

Allays the thirst, aids digestion and relieves the lassitude so common in
midsummer.

Dr. J. S. Niles, Pownal, Vt., says:
“Excellent as a tonic, and refreshing as a substitute for lemonade,”
Dr. T. C. Smith, Charlotte, N. C., says:

“in invaluable nerve tonic, a delightful beverage and one of the best restorers when
the energies flag and the spirits droop.”

Dr. A. L. Hall, Fair Haven, N. Y., says:

“Tt forms an excellent substitute for lemon juice, and as such will furnish a
refreshing drink.”

Dr. C. C. Olmstead, Milwaukee, Wis., says:

“IT consider it a valuable nerve tonic. I use it in my family as ‘lemonade.’ I
prize it highly.”

Descriptive pamphlet free on application to

RUMFORD CHEMICAL WORKS, Providence, R. |.

BEWARE OF SUBSTITUTES AND IMITATIONS.

Caution.—Be sure the word “ Horsford’s” is printed on the label. All others are
spurious. Never sold in bulk.