THE SPECd

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Votume [X.—No. 1.

AGticULTURAL CoLLEGe, Mrcu., Aus, ro, 1889.

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Prof. Calvin Tracy.

Students who were at the Agricultural
College in its early days will read with sin-
cere sorrow of the death of this able teacher
and faithful friend, which occurred at his
residence in Lansing, on Sunday morning,
July 28. He had reached the advanced age
of eighty-four. He bore his years with
much vigor, yet of late had been somewhat
broken. During the last few weeks of con-
finement and suffering he was most tenderly
cared for by his wife, Mrs. Harriet Sessions
Tracy, and by the many devoted friends who
had gathered around him during his long
residence in Lansing. His faithin the eter-
nal verities was strong all through his life
and gave him great rest and peace as he
gradually passed away. The funeral ser-
vice was held at his house on Tuesday after-
noon, July 30. It was conducted by his
pastor, Rev. W. S. Sly, of the Franklin St.
Presbyterian Church, which he had for
many years so generously helped with money
and work. The funeral called out a very
large company, from all walks of life—men
and women who had come to such knowl-
edge of his great soul as led them to love
and honor him. Besides his wife he leaves
one son, who is married and in business in
Jackson.

A special memorial service was arranged
for Sunday evening, August 4, in his old
church, which was attended by a congrega-
tion that filled the house. Conspicuous in
the congregation were the many gray-haired
men and women who had been the friends
of his later years. Excellent music was ren-
dered by a choir of male voices. Rev. W.
S.Sly read appropriate selections of scrip-
ture, and made an address alluding to the

WHOLE No. 39.

——

noble Christian character of this: friend of
their church who so lately had been with
them. Prayer was offered by Capt. J. H.

Price. Prof. A, J. Cook paid a noble trib-
ute to the friend and teacher who was gone.
President Clute, who was also a student in
Prof. Tracy’s classes at our college, said:
There is, perhaps, no place where a man
is more quickly and severely tested than in
the school room. Children, even, are very
quick to detect a teacher’s weaknesses, and
to take advantage of them, while young
men and women are soon so familiar with a
teacher’s foibles and his excellencies that
they will often plan beforehand to escape
his censure by conforming to his weakness,
or to receive his commendation by com-
pliance with his excellent requirements.
The teacher, who after long experience in
the school room, commands the love and
respect of his students is elmost always a
man of marked power in some directions,

and of a personal character pure and strong.

This test of the school room was borne by
our departed friend, Prof. Tracy, in such
way as proved conclusively his large and
noble power as a teacher and a man.

In considering the elements of his power
as a teacher an important place should be
given to his knowledge. He knew his sub-
ject through and through, on all sides, in all
its aspects and relations. He had command
of his subject. He was better than the text-
book, for he had in him all that was in the
book, and much more. He had none of the
false pride which in some cases leads to dis-
carding the text-book entirely, for he knew
that the text-book was valuable to the stu-
dent, though perhaps, useless to the professor.
We students always felt that though the
text-book was helpful for our study out of
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SPECULUM.

nt

class, it was valueless to us when in his pres-
ence, for his knowledge was broader and
deeper than the book’s, and his live illustra-
tions and personal enthusiasm were more
inspiring than any dry text. Our own lack
of knowledge of the subject migltt be vast
and comprehensive, but we always knew
This ready and exact know!-
edge is always essential to the true teacher,
Woe to the man who attempts to teach with-
out it, His keen students soon learn his
weakness, and they have no mercy upon
him. His power for good over them is
cone.

that he knew.

In addition to his thorough knowledge
Prof. Tracy was always clear, concise, and
exact in his statements. He did not envelop
a subject in fog; he did not hide it with
abundance of words; he did not mislead by
inexact affirmations. The clear current of
his knowledge found expression in clear cut
sentences, that brought the thought out so
boldly that the dullest student could not help
but understand. If we were not clear his
limpid statements came to our aid; if we fal-
tered for the right word that word came at
once from his ready lips; if lack of knowl-
edge betrayed us into circumlocutions and
entanglements of speech his facile tongue
unraveled the maze and put the thought in
a few terse words,
and exactness of speech were due to the
orderly bent of his mind. He liked to do
things in orderly ways, and insisted on an
orderly method in our work in his classes.
When we enunciated a proposition we
knew that his clear mind followed every
word and that his orderly method would be
offended at any slipshod utterance of ours,
When we put a diagram on the black-board
it was with the consciousness that his eagle
eye could take it in at a glance and detect
any error; and when we rose to demonstrate
our theorem or to solve our problem we
were certain that his orderly, methodic
habits would discern and reject any rambling,
disconnected work or word of ours. Prob-

Of course this clearness

ably some of us were then at times a little
impatient with his invincible determination
that we should be clear, exact, orderly. But
long ago we learned how far above rubies is
the value of the discipline he gave us.

Then as a teacher Prof. Tracy had that
indefinable something that we call tact,
aptness, faculty. To his wide knowledge
and clear statement and exact method he
added the capability so to present his subject
as to interest and inspire his students. Inthe
teacher knowledge is essential, clear speech
and orderly method are essential, but all
these fail when faculty is lacking. Here is
a point on which there is a wide spread mis-
take. It is often thought that if a man
knows a subject he can teach that subject,
but knowledge, and the ability to impart
knowledge are very different things, and
often they do not go together. Often the
thoroughly able scholar lacks what is called
“the faculty to teach.” Lacking this he
fails, and his friends are greatly incensed
because his students, and others, declare that
he is not a good teacher. But all who have
given attention to the subject of education
know that something must be added to
knowledge before the able man can become
the able teacher, This something, this fac-
wily, Prof. Tracy had in an eminent de-
gree. There was that about him that made
the subject he was teaching a living subject
to his students. His strong personality was
projected into his subject, and so his students
were led not only torespect for the teacher but
to that deep interest in the subject that
inspired them to hard work, and that led by
and by to noble accomplishment.

The noble man whose body was laid away
in its mother earth a few days ago, had all
these qualifications that go to make up the
able teacher. He had large knowledge; he
had clearness of statement; he had exactness
of method; he had faculty to teach. Having
all these qualities it is no wonder that he
was able to lead us boys strongly, and to
move us deeply, and to help us to discipline
THE SPECULUM. °

=

and power. To-day in this city and in many .

a city and many a country neighborhood,
strong men—lawyers, farmers, editors, me-
chanics, preachers, merchants—trace their
success in a large measure to the knowledge
and discipline they received in his class-room,
and to the devotion to work and to noble aims
that was inspired by his great ability, his
deep knowledge, his strong personality, and
his noble character.

Our Manual Labor System.

j. W. TOUMEY, ECLECTIC SOCIETY.

Since the foundation of this college the
farming community of the state, and all
other classes, have recognized in this institu-
tion the embodiment of physical as well as
social culture. The manual labor system,
from our earliest history, has been regarded
by all true friends as the corner-stone upon
which the popularity and greatness of this
college depends. This system is important,
not only as a factor by which many students
are enabled to earn a part of their college
expenses, but as a means by which all may
obtain healthful and beneficial exercise. It
cannot be denied that two or three hours’
out-door work each day is of vast benefit
to students who, from necessity, pass the
greater part of their time in their rooms or
at recitations.

All who come to this institution come with
the understanding that if they become stu-
dents here in the agricultural course they
are expected to labor on the farm or garden
at least three hours each school day. When
this institution was organized the college
farm was mostly an unbroken forest.
the student employed the time required of
him -at manual labor in burning log heaps,
and other work incidental to the clearing of
a large farm. In her early history it was
impossible for the college to furnish her
students educational labor, With but a few
acres of tillable soil, experiments in agricul-
ture and horticulture were out of the ques-

Then .

tion. Orchards and small fruits were un-
known on the college farm. At that early
day we could not point with pride to the
fine stock which at present is an honor to
the state.

As the forest gradually gave way to fer-
tile fields and broad meadows, as the stock
increased in number and improved in quality,
the opportunities for educational labor and
experimental work became better and better;
until at the present day with all the import-
ant crops known to this climate under culti-
vation, the garden filled with numerous
varieties of vegetables and small fruits,
orchards bending low beneath their loads
of pears, cherries and apples, the advantages
for experiments, observations and educa-
tional work in agriculture, horticulture, and
kindred pursuits are unsurpassed,

Taking into consideration these numerous
advantages, which would be of great benefit
to the student if properly applied, the ques -
tion I would ask is this: Does the average
student derive as great benefit from the
work system as he should? I think it is
safe to answer in the negative. As the labor
system is conducted at present, the money
value and exercise is substantially all the
student receives for the time employed at
manual labor. Many times students are re-
quired to do work with tools which they
know but little about. With very limited
instruction as to the manner in which they
are to be used it cannot be expected that the
labor performed will -be entirely satisfactory,
or that the student will gain any permanent —
educational benefit.

When students work their allotted time
day after day, shoveling dirt or raking
lawns, work which in no sense can be
termed educational, would it be consistent to
expect that any great interest will be taken
in the labor? It has been argued by many
that if students receive remuneration for
their labor it cannot be expected that the
work will be entirely educational. Grant-
ing this to be true and taking into considera-
5 THE

SPECULUM.

tion the maximum of eight cents per hour
which is paid for student labor, I ask if this
remuneration can be compared to the benefit
which would be derived from educational
labor under the direct supervision of practi-
cal and scientific men employed for the pur-
pose of giving instruction in all the forms
of student labor. Let the work be of such
anature that one feels that he is acquiring
knowledge, that he is accomplishing some-
thing that will be of permanent benefit to
him.

Following in the footsteps of some of our
eastern colleges, if our agricultural students
were each allowed the use of a small plat of
soil—one or two square rods—upon which
they could plant and grow various small
fruits, grains and vegetables, and compete
with each other in their desire to obtain the
best results, a greater impetus would be
given to agricultural work. Following this
plan,the student would have ample opportu-
nity to observe and study the growth and
character of plants grown under his direct
care.

Why not have the manual labor of such
a character that it will consist largely of
educational and experimental work? I think
it is safe to say that one hundred and twen-
ty-five dollars is as great a sum as the aver-
age agricultural student receives as compen-
sation for his work during his four years’
course. If the time spent in earning this
sum were employed toa much greater extent
at educational labor, would it not be of
more permanent benefit to the student?

What we need is a reformation in the

work system. Our college has the facilities
for making this one of the most important
and instructive parts of the entire course.
Furnish the students educational labor and

this reformation is at hand.

In 1885 the United States spent as much
on education as England, Germany, France,
Austria and Russia combined.

——

Co-Operation is Practical and Right.

a

IL. Fs HALL, PHI DELTA THETA FRATERNITY.

The employer's co-operation with the work-
man may, in a general sense, be considered as
coincident with the alliance of capital and
labor, Ina well founded combination of this
sort the workmanis supposed to have such an
interest in the establishment for which he
works as will make it of great advantage for
him to put forth his most earnest effort for
the advancement of the purposes of the in-
stitution. —

If in all establishments for money making
purposes, the workmen, as well as the pro-
prietor, have a financial interest, they will
find that the only way of increasing their in-
come is by a proportional increase in the gain
of the establishment, and that their gains de-
pend directly on the exertions of the work-
men themselves,

By such an arrangement, the now exist-
ing breach between capital and labor would
be likely to be suppressed. The laborers,
instead of going through the daily routine of
work, with only their invariable daily wages
for a compensation, would have a strong in-
centive to spur them onto greater efforts.
The quality as well as the amount of the
work would be taken into account in assign-
ing the profits, thus giving the workman an-
other reason for increasing his slack energies.

When an employer wishes to obtain work-
men under this arrangement, he could easily
find those who, if not actually and imparti-
ally interested in the welfare of the establish-
ment, would be led to associate their own
prospects with those of the institution, in-as-
much as the interests of the capital are direct-
ly in proportion to their own. The income
of the employer is naturally allied to that of
the establishment, and as the compensation
of both employer and employed depend di-
rectly on the income of the same institution,
the ends sought by both would be identical,
and there would be a strong tendency to bind
THE SPECULUM. 9

the proprietor and his workmen together for
their mutual welfare.

A characteristic feature of mankind is am-
bition. When any one is obliged to fill a
menial position all his life, and secure only a
constant sum for his service, he is likely to
become discouraged, and to seek to better his
condition.
pects of promotion are exceedingly limited,
and in order to increase their wages the
laborers strike. If now the employes, as
well as the employer were allowed to share
the profits, they would see the impractica-
bility of striking, and would be content to
accept the same terms as the employer.
Naturally, the employer, on account of his
larger responsibility and superior knowledge,
should receive compensation according to the
value of his time, as compared with that of
those he employs.
receive little objection on the part of the
workmen, were they allowed their just dues.

' Co-operative establishments are not in @x-
tensive practice, because the few experti-
ments that have been made in this direction
have proved failures. The reason of these
failures has been because of the way in which
they originated. It could be easily seen by
~acompetent judge of such affairs that they
would not be successful. The employers
were too ambitious to increase their own
gains, employes were not satisfied with their
share, or there was too much competition, so
their downfall was foreseen in nearly every

Care.
The popular cry of the present time is

“Give the Laborer a Chance.” What better
chance could he have than one of this kind?
He is given to understand from the start that
his wages depend on the quality and amount
_ of his labor; because the more first-class work
a manufacturing house turns out, the more
money there will be to divide among its

laborers. .
Co-operation, therefore is right, because it

“Gives the Laborer a chance,” and it is prac-
ticable because it may be accomplished by a
simple compromise.

In large establishments the pros-

This arrangement would |

——— ——————

Labor Organizations.

-

GEO. L. CHASE, DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERNITY,

The exact time and place of the birth of
labor organizations are not probably known;
but the prototype may be considered as the
cuilds of the middle ages, which were estab-
lished for religious purposes. Similar broth-
erhoods afterward developed into combina-.
tions of merchants for mutual assistance and
mutual protection, and were followed in the
fourteenth century by craft guilds, which

were unions of the handicraftsmen such as

the weavers. The principle upon which the
guilds were established, were mutual. sup-
port, mutual protection, and mutual responsi-
bility. Independent at first, they gradually
extended beyond the influence of particular
trades, and ultimately became far more pow-
erful than the municipal corporations of the
present day.

For four or five centuries these or-
ganizations were more or less blotted out
of existence by severe laws. From 1510 to
1812, when England was at war with nearly
every nation in the old and the new worlds,
trade was completely paralyzed and the
poor people were starving upon their low
wages. These disasters were made more
serious by the introduction of labor saving
machinery, which dispensed with seven out
of every eight laborers. Starving and thrown
out of employment, they formed the strong-
est and most secret organization ever known
in that country. Their object was to destroy
the new machines; and for three years the
havoc they committed especially in York-
shire, Lancashire Nottingham was
immense,

In 1703,the Watchmakers’ society and the
Norman society were established in London
upon the principle of the guilds. The ex-
amples thus set were followed by the rapid
formation of other societies, all of which be-
ing illegal were obliged to be held privately.
It was not until 1824, that combinations of
workingmen were rendered legal for im-

ancl
LO THE

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SPECULUM.

proving the wages and reducing the hours of
Tn
1871 the “trade union act” was passed making
trade unions legal societies and preventing
the members being liable to prosecution for
conspiracy, an offense for which in days
gone by, so many hac suffered imprisonment;
while by an interpretation given Russell
Cheney’s act of 1868, due prohibition was
given to the funds of the society, and from
new on trade unions were acknowledged to
be institutions of the country.

labor and for these two purposes only.

Probably, the first and most natural basis
upon which the labor union was organized
was to benefit the laborer from a financial
point of view, which could not be done
except as they acted ina bod y-—for, “in union
is strength.” In Manchester, the carpenters
are paid a half penny per hour more than
in Liverpool. The that in
Manchester both employers and employed
are thoroughly organized and an amicable
relationship exists between them; in Liver-

reason 15

pool they are comparatively disorganized.
Where such an amicable relationship does
not exist between the employers and em-
ployed, other means must be resorted to
tosecure justice. Inthe Newcastle engineer-
ing strike, the employers acknowledged that
the condition of trade from the beginning
admitted of an advance of wages, yet no
Increase was proposed till the trade unions
were brought to bear.

The advance of wares, however, is not the
only object of a trade union nor the sole
purpose of a strike.
demand shorter hours.

Sometimes the men
To work a less num-
ber of hours for the same amount of wages
is naturally attractive tothe workman. He
not only sees that such an arrangement gives
him more time for recreations and for the
enjoyment of home comforts, but that the
reduction of hours causes more of his fellow
workmen to be employed. The demand for
a commodity being the same and the number
of working hours diminished, more men must
be employed to produce the same amount of

a

any manufactured article in the same time.
Men who were forced to be idle were thus
provided The addi-
tional workmen became spenders as Swell as
producers; and, according to one of the first
rules in political

with employment,

cconomy “production
depends upon a good and healthy consump-
tion.’ No action has been crowned with
such signal success as that of bringing about
a reduction of hours,

What is very surprising is that the em-
ployers believe they can get more work out
of a man when they work him to death.
According to a rule in political economy, “the
man who works so moderately as to be able
to work constantly, not only preserves his
health the longest but in the course of a year,
executes the greatest amount of work.”

It is now, however, a well ascertained fact,
that within certain limits, more work is done,
as arule, when there is a prospect of an early
cessation from work than when men know
that they are doomed to work many contin-
uous hours. A few years ago, the average
day's work in England was ten hours, on the
continent it was twelve, in Russia sixteen or
seventeen, and yet it is calculated that two
English mowers will doin one day the work
of six Russian mowers for the same time.

Russian factory operatives work seventy-
five hours in the week while those in Eng:
land work only sixty. Yet the work done
by the former was only one-fifth of that by
the latter.

Trade unions aim at a variety of objects
for the mutual benefit of the members—such
as contributions for the relief of the sick,
disabled and distressed, and measures to pro-
mote syinpathy, social enjoyment and mental
culture,

The that the unions force the
employers to pay to incompetent workmen
the same wages as to ood workmen is erron-

notion

eous. True, the unions sometimes agree
upon a minimum rate of wages, but if a man
be not worth that minimum, no employer
need employ him; while if he be a man of
THE SPECULUM.

II

superior skill or extraordinary working abil-
ity, there is no limit to the amount of wages
an employer may give him.

It has been thought that labor organiza-
tions encourage strikes, but such is not the
case, Statistics show that where unions exist
there has been a marked decrease in strikes
over those where unions do not exist One
of the most pleasant features in unionism ts
that the most powerful associations show
least inclination to strike. Strength has
been accompanied by intelligence and dis-
cretion. The Glassmakers’ society includes
within its organization every man engaged
in that trade, and has therefore the entire
monopoly; and yet they seldom have any
dispute.
cably settled by representatives from each

If a dispute does arise, it is ami-

organization.

The most important educational work
which the trade unions are preparing, 1s that
of familiarizing the workmen with the true
relation of capital and labor, which is one of
the most important if not the most important
" questions of to-day in political economy.

SCIENTIFIC.

Natural History Society.

At the meeting of the Natural History
Society, held July 12, Mr. P. G, Holden
delivered a very interesting talk of which
the following is a brief abstract:

A FEW WORDS ABOUT THE BEAR FAMILY.

The bear is found in all the continents
save Africa and Australia. The classical
writers Herodotus and Virgil mention Lib-
yan bears, and according to Pliny Ethiopian
hunters exhibited Numidian bears in the
Roman circuses before the Christian era,
To the naturalist, so far as acceptable proof
exists the bear is unknown to Africa.

The bear is a plantigrade carnivora with
a thick, clumsy body and rudimentary tail.
Teeth are forty-two; molars broad and
tuberculated, as we would expect when we

ee

know that the bear lives largely upon vege-
tables. The lower jaw is so hinged as to
permit of a lateral movement. This is
necessary to those animals whose dict is of
a vegetable nature. In most of the carniv-
ora only the vertical, or scissor movement, as
it is called, is found. The digestive organs
are also modified in accordance with the
diet. The bear is described as being, very
awkward and clumsy, but it seems to me
that he possesses a grace peculiar to himself
which we might call bear grace. Many
stories have been told regarding the wisdom
and strength of the bear. By primitive
people he is worshiped and the American
Indians make due apologies before cating
his flesh.

The brown bear is found in Europe and
Siberia. In ancient times this bear, under
the name of Caledonian bear, was brought
from Great Britain to Rome for sport in the
amphitheatres.

It is said the Russians of Kamtchatka
never venture to fire on a cub when the
mother is near; for if the cub is killed she
becomes enraged and will cease her revenge
only when life is extinct. The jungle bear
or large-lipped bear of India is large and
uncouth. The underlip is much enlarged
and the nose is a large, irregular mass of
flesh. This bear travels cross-legged and
has a peculiar, wagging motion to the body.
These peculiarities make it valuable to
showmen. The food of this bear consists of
vegetables, fruit, honey and insects. As is
the case with most bears it will eat flesh only
when compelled to by hunger.

The white or polar bear is an exception,
Its diet is almost entirely the flesh of other
animals, as the seal and fish. Says one
writer, “ The jungle bear has a great liking
for the large Indian ants, and a peculiar
method of obtaining them. Heisan accom-
plished sucker and blower. On arriving at
an ant-hill the bear scrapes away with the
fore feet until he reaches the large combs at
the bottom of the galleries. He then with
12 THE SPECULUM.

as

violent puffs dissipates the dust and crumbled
particles of the nest and sucks out the
inhabitants of the combs with such violent
yards distance or more. Large larva are in
this manner sucked out from great depths

under the soll.” Brief mention was made of

the Malayan bear, the Syrian bear which is |

of hjstorical value, being often mentioned
in the Hebrew scriptures; and of the small
bear found in Chili and Peru.

The black bear is confined almost entirely
to the temperate zone. It is of a roving
disposition and is a typical species in which
to study the habit of hibernating.
winter Bruin enters a.cave or hollow log
where he sleeps until spring. During this
sleep a tappan is formed which closes the
alimentary vent. The grizzly bear is the
most formidable of bears. They sometimes
weigh eight hundred pounds, Their only
enemy is the American panther. The polar
or white bear is different in shape from
other bears. Its neck is very long and the
sole of the foot is one-sixth the length of the
animal. It isthe only species that is aquatic
in its habits.

Dr. Mayo spoke of the structure, use and
peculiarities of horses’ teeth, after which Mr,
Rittenger read the following paper:

THE GRAIN APHIS (sifhonophora avene).

About six weeks before harvest the pres-
ence of the grain aphis began to excite the
farmers of Michigan and northern Indiana.
To-day, July 12, the louse is practically
gone. The natural history of the louse is
curious. In the fall there is a pair, male
and female. After mating, the male dies,
and the female lays her eggs. These hatch
the next spring and produce only females.
In a few days these begin to produce living
young which are also females. In this way
from one female may come in a single sea-
son countless numbers of the pests. In the
early part of the season they live upon the
leaves, but when the heads begin to form
they go to the base of the kernels, and with

ne ee

In early t

 ceepee = sees ae

head down suck out the juices which should

xo to mature the grain. From these few

| remarks we see somewhat the rapidity with

inhalations as to be heard at two hundred | which they incrense and the harm they are

capable of doing if not exterminated. They
are exterminated and we will next pass to
their enemies. The first is a small parasitic
fly, which lays its eggs, one for each louse,
in the abclomen of its host. The larva when
hatched feeds upon the louse, thus killing it,
and then uses its shell as a cocoon, Each
fly lays many eggs in a day and the number
of lice killed in this way is astonishing. A
parasitized louse can always be told by the
brown, globular, glassy appearance of the
abdomen. Ladybird beetles and their larve
also destroy these lice. The beetle lays its
eves among the lice, and the larva comes
forth to a bounteous feast.

Another enemy of the grain aphis-is the
syrphus fly larva, These larve arethe young
of a moderately heavy bodied fly with yellow
bands on the abdomen. They are gray
maggots, the posterior end of which ts large
and heavy while the anterior end is pointed.
When a louse is found, the mouth end is
placed against it, and by a sort of inrolling
the louse is drawn partially in and held by
a sort of suction, In the mouth there is an
organ used only to puncture the louse while
the great suction draws out its blood and the
empty skin is cast asicle.

Chrysopa flies are beautiful, small, gaily
colored, lace-wings, which lay their eggs on
the ends of long hairs on the plant where

the aphis is and the larvz are perfect tigers

to destroy the lice. They are much more
active than those of the syrphus fly or lady-
bird beetle. These larvee are furnished with
two strong, horn-like jaws which are used
as sucking tubes. When the larva meets a
plant louse he clasps it in these jaws and
begins sucking the blood. Soon the louse
will be held with one jaw while the other
punctures the louse in various places, thus
getting blood from all parts of the body.
The rate at which the plant lice have clisap-
THE SPECULUM. 13

dl he EE

peared from the combined attacks of these
enemies is surprising. Four days ago plenty
of lice were to be found, twenty on a head
was not uncommon; to-day one on twenty
heads is more
of these wonderful littke workers.

uncommon—all on account

Mr. Rittenger was followed by Mr. Clin-

ton, who gave a short talk on
FAIRY RINGS,

The fairy ring is caused by a fungus, JWar-
asmius oreades, The rings are circles of
grass of a dark green color, the outer edge
being well defined. These rings may become
as much as thirty feet in diameter, It 1s
thought they originate from a single fu.gus
whose growth makes the soil unfit for its
growth the second year. The mycelium
spreads in all directions and a new crop is
produced. The manure arising from the
dead fungi causes the increased growth of
grass.

Ls

A new Wheat Louse Parasite.

In the last issue of THE SPECULUM we
reviewed Bulletin No. 50, and spoke of the
serious and wide spread invasion into the
wheat fields of the country of the grain
plant louse, Siphonaphora (Aphis) avene.
The danger which threatened the wheat and
oat crops was imminent and only the friendly
aid of insect friends, those tiny Lilliputs that
even exceed in prolificness and voracity the
plant lice themselves, could save our farmers
from the threatened destruction, In Bulletin
No. 51, since issued, Prof. Cook has described
with full and accurate illustrations the sev-
eral insects that have been engaged in the
good work. Of these predaceous forms,
the several ladybird beetles, imagos and larva,
the syrphus fly maggots, and the ant lion,
larva of the beautiful green chrysopa fly,
are all described. The old braconid‘parasite,
Aphidius avenaphis, is also referred to as one
of the little friends that has helped to drive
the foe from among us.

It is rare that the farmer has such a graphic

see a am ran

illustration of the mighty power of these lit-
tle friends to ward off danger and even total
destruction. June 30th the heads of. wheat
were fairly alive with the grain lice. From
six to ten lice often clustered around a single
kernel, and as many as two hundred were
actually counted on a single head of wheat.
Of course it goes without saying that so
many lice must have sucked the very Iie
from the grain, unless they in turn were
attacked and Ten days later
the lice were nearly all gone, and the grain
crops were rescued and safe. From actual
count we find some fields of grain have suf-
fered a loss of twenty per cent of the grain
by the brief attack already made; imagine
the result had not friends come to the rescue,
or even if they had delayed their coming a
few days longer. Among these tiny helpers
is one that is probably a new species, and
for which. Prof. Cook proposes the name
Aphidius granariaphis. This little fly has
been a major factor in driving the enemy
from our fields. The lice that are the vic-
tims of these eager parasites are easily dis-

destro yed .

Fig. 1—Parasitized louse much magnified.
tinguished. They (Fig. 1) are short, rounded

and dusky gray in color, After the larva
has consumed the viscera of the louse it uses

Fig 2—Parasitized louse, showing exit opening.
the skin of the latter as a pupa case. Very

soon the fly (Fig. 3) issues from a small,
7

eS ma en ee nr ee

rounded hole in the upper hind part of the

abdomen (Fig. 2) of the louse. The flies |

mate and very soon the female begins to lay
her many eggs, one in each louse, Of course
the parasitic larve fairly swim in the rich
blood of their victim, and so are rapidly devel-
oped, Thus we understand how it is that
in four or five days from the time that the
fly is seen laying its eggs in the lice, the
larva is matured, the pupa formed, and in
a day or two more, the parasitic fly is
looking for new victims. Thus in hardly
more than a week the parasite passes through
its entire life history.

APHIDIUS GRANARIAPHIS WN. SP.

Fig. 3—Adult female greatly magnified.

The flies are one-tenth of an inch long.
They are black above and yellowish brown
beneath. The antenns are black, while the
front, mouth parts and legs are yellowish
brown, In some specimens the femora and
tarsi are dusky, and the under side of the
abdomen quite dark in color. In some spec-
imens of the scores examined the upper part
of the abdomen is yellowish brown, except
the pedicel and tip which are always black.
There seems to be much variation in the
color of the legs and abdomen, though in
most cases the dorsal surface is black and the
ventral surface and legs brown. The occi-
put, or collar, connecting the head and tho-
rax is brown. The antennze are sixteen
jointed in the female (Fig. 3) and seventeen
in the male. They are cylindrical, recurv-
ed and thick set with short, light-colored
hairs. The first two joints are shorter and

we

| .
' thicker than the others.

THE SPECULUM.

ee a

The succeeding
joints are close together, equal and cylin-
drical, except the last, which is longer and
conical. The abdomen is lanceolate and all
the joints are freely movable, so that this
organ can be bent abruptly down, or even
beneath the body. The venation of the
wings (Fig. 3) is simple and the first discoi-
dal cellisincomplete. This parasite belongs
to the family Braconidw as is shown by the
simple venation of the wings. We also see
that it belongs to the genus Aphidius; as the
discoidal cell is incomplete, the abdomen is
lanceolate, the antennz sixteen or seventeen
jointed, and the ventral valves of the abdo-
men in the female simple. It differs from
A. Avenaphis, Fitch (see New York Report,
Vol. 6, p.95) which we also find here work-
ing side by side with this new species, but in
far less numbers, in the following respects:
It has sixteen or seventeen jointed instead of
nineteen or twenty jointed antennew. The
color is yellowish brown instead of honey
yellow, The first two joints of the antenna,
the pedicel of the abdomen, and a spot on
the suture between the second and third
joints of the abdomen are honey yellow in
S. Avenaphis, while all are black in this
species. The joints of the antennz are closer
set; less pedicelated in this species than in A.
Avenaphis.
Silos, Ensilage and Silage, by Dr. M.
Miles.

This masterly treatise is no surprise to any
of the old pupils of the author, for in it they
see the same scientific ability, power of
research, and genius at generalization, that
made him a favorite and revered teacher.
Such a work as this at once refutes the asser-
tion, sometimes made, that it is difficult to
make agricultural topics interesting to our
students. Once vivify such themes by a
broad basis of scientific facts, and surround
them with that research and acunfen that
brings to bear all the best that is known in
this and all other countries; and the enthusi-
THE SPECULUM. 15

asm of students will be raised to the highest
pitch, Indeed it is only to the student that
such a treatise will bring the best fruit, only
by the student that it will receive its full
appreciation.

In the first two chapters, the evolution of
the silo is explained. Pliny is quoted as
describing how grain is preserved by bury-
ing. Thus grain could be kept from insects,
and preserved from years of plenty to times
of famine. Next we are shown how roots
were pulped and mixed with dry cut straw
and grain, firstly to furnish succulent food;
secondly to make dry straw palatable and
digestible; and thirdly to utilize grain which
otherwise is often passed undigested, and so
lost.

The author shows that M. Auguste Gof-
fart was not the first to practice and describe
this method of preserving green food. Even
before 1842 under-ground silos were success-
It was not till 1870
made available in

fully used in Germany.
that the method was
France. °

The use of maize or Indian corn for silage
originated with Herr Adolph Reihlen of
Stuttgart, who had previously preserved beet
leaves in silos.

In 1875 Dr. Miles made silos by digging
pits, and in the Country Gentleman Oct. 5,
1846, he gives an account of what others had
done in Germany and France, and the results
of his own experiments. He then spoke
hopefully of this method of preserving suc-
culent food for winter use.

Dr. Francis Morris of Maryland built a
silo in 1876, and published the results of
this experience in 1577, the same year that
Goffart of France published his book. In
the winter of 1878-9 Goffart’s work was
translated into English and published in New
York. Thus it is that Goffart has received
the credit as the inventor of the silo, and the
discoverer of this method of preserving
green food, Goffart’s silos of heavy mason-
ry and the rule of heavy weighting have
done much to retard progress towards the

more inexpensive and desirable methods.

This chapter on fermentation is athorough-
ly scientific exposition of the very latest
views on this fascinating subject. The tneo-
ries of Gay, Sussac and Liebig are explained;
and the classic experiments of Tyndall and
Pasteur are detailed, which at once settled
the question as to the true nature of fermen-
tation. Dr, Miles explains the two kinds of
fermentation, and gives an admirable exposi-
tion of the importance of this subject in
biology. It is explained how ferment germs
often succumb to the heat that is produced

| by their own production and development.

The method of constructing a silo is fully
described with carefully prepared illustra-
tions. Dr, Miles advises only wood above
the ground, and renders the silo air-tigint by
use of coal tar and pitch, so mixed as to ren-
der them easily handled. He urges that all
the wood be coated and that the material be
put on hot. The advice to only sheet on the
inside where the silo is in the barn, is I think
mistaken. The double-walled silo is neces-
sary inside as well as out, to protect against
frost.

We are glad that Dr. Miles discourages
the use of partitions and advises against
heavy weighting. Without question this
advice is wise. He is also correct in advis-
ing that the opening run from base to within
two or three feet of the top, and that the
door consist of narrow boards to close the
opening as filling advances.

Dr. Miles shows that southern corn may
not be the most profitable variety for the
north. He shows why thick planting is not
advisable from the standpoint of both science
and practice. In like way it is shown that
the corn, which is the most profitable crop
for silage, must be permitted to mature in
order to give the best results. This not only
secures the most but the best food material.

Dr. Miles urges in favor of slow filling,
that the silage may be sweet. We know
from personal experience that rapid filling

| will give most excellent silage. While the
16

THE SPECULUM.

= ==

silo may be filled slowly if desired, it is just
as well to fill rapidly if found more conven-
ient. If the corn is dry when put in and is
mature—glazed—and well trodden about the
edge, we will guarantee success, whether the
filling be slow or rapid. Of course the silo
must be air tight and frost proof.
We have no hesitation in saying that this
work is the most admirable and complete
. treatise on this subject ever written. It is
plain, comprehensive, scientific and accurate.
No farmer can afford to be without a silo,
and any one contemplating building a silo
should certainly procure and read this admir-
able treatise. Experience, trained observa-
tion and scientific ability makes a strong trio.
This admirable work fully proves that this
is true, A. J. Cook.

THE SPECURUM,

Fe

PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE COLLEGE YEAR,
BY THE STUDENTS

OF THE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE,

ee o-_

TRESS, To CENTS A VYHAR; SinGle NWomnees, 1) Cents.
ADVERTISING RATES MADE KNOWN ON APPIICATION,

eer All subscriptions will be regarded as continued, unless
we are notified to the contrary.

If this item is marked, your subscription is in arrears,

> ——

BOARD OF DIRECTORS.

UNION LITEEARY SOCIETY.
W, Bancock, Ju. Editor-in-Chief, Literary Articles and
Editorials.

NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY.
A. Fi. Cornpier, . . -

PHI DELTA THETA FRATERNITY.
Jay R. McCott, " - College News.

DPELTA TAU DELTA FRATERNITY.
BR. K. BENTLEY, . - . -

ECLECTIC sOCIR TY.
_- Colleges and Exchanges.

=e

Science,

Athletics,

RK, BA. McPaenson,

OLYMPIC SOCIETY,

C, EF. Tirriscer, - Personals.

Business Manager.
Asst. Business Manager.
‘Trensurer.

F..J. STAHL, -
F. W. ASHTON, . *
Sec. H. G. Rerno.nps - " -

AcricuLturnaL CoLLece, AuG. 10, 1889.

Wru the liveliest sense of its responsibilty
the new Board assumes the task of conduct-
ing THE SPECULUM throughout the coming
college year. Our earnest desire is that our
efforts will be as fruitful as those of each

ee ee

sor —

Seven years ago THE
SPECULUM Was a fourteen-page quarterly

preceding Board.

wearily struggling for a mere existence; now,
thanks to those having had the paper in
charge each successive year, it has grown to
a monthly with each volume possessing near-
ly twice the reading matter of the original.
Then the subscribers’ list scarcely exceeded
three hundred, now eight hundred copies
will no more than suffice. Then serious
doubts as to the future success of the enter-
prise were entertained by many, even by the
Chiefs themselves, as indicated in their edi-
torials; now, the most pessimistic are silent.
That the students of the Michigan Agricul-
tural College can edit a paper comparing
favorably with any of its exchanges has been
All are aware and
willing to admit that the task of carrying on

fully demonstrated.

a paper, in addition to the routine college
duties, is no easy one, and for that reason we
beg that our mistakes and shortcomings may
be criticised with kindly magnanimity.
However, should our work fall below the
standard, we are determined that our failure
shall not be attributable toa lack of earnest,

conscientious effort.

WE wish respectfully to call the attention
of many of our readers, especially the
Alumni, to the fact that they are behind on
their subscriptions. The financial support
of THE Srecutum depends greatly upon
the Alumni, and right nobly have they ex-
tended assistance; but at present there are
many who, no doubt because of carelessness
or engrossing occupations, have failed tokeep
a balance in their favor upon the Business
Manager’s account book. All students and
Alumni are interested in transactions taking
place around their Alma Mater,and for that
reason cannot afford to dispense with Tur
SPECULUM. We beg, therefore, that those -
receiving notices from the Manager, or find-
ing the article at the head of this department.
marked, will. forward their money, renew
their subscription and accept our thanks,
THE SPECULUM.

A]

Facutty meetings took place with such
frequency during the first weeks of July as
to puzzle one not acquainted with the busi-
ness on hand, but that these conferences have
been fraught with serious measures, chapel
announcements clearly attest.

Going back but a quarter of a century we
find every conceivable form of hazing in
popular vogue in our colleges. Nor was
this practice confined to the lower grades of
educational institutions, but we shall find
colleges whose reputation for efficient
instruction was world-wide, alike disgraced
by these cowardly actions of their students.
Owing, however, to rigid measures on the
part of faculties and the extreme unpopular-
ity in which perpetrators of such jokes
found themselves, personal abuse of this
sort has gradually fallen into disuse. Haz-
ing in this college has been nearly extinct
for four or five years; but to the humiliation
and disgust of all rule-observing students, an
affair took place one Friday night not long
since in which a lower classman, already ill,
was thrown into nervous paroxysms from
which he did not recover for several days.
By action of the faculty one participant has
been expelled, two suspended (one for two
years, the other for one), while two have
received public and several private repri-
mands, Though it is a debatable question
whether or not this sentence In some cases
is too severe, this much is certain: the young
men who thus commit offenses whereby the
whole college is brought under reproach, are
deserving of summary punishment.

Mitrrary drill this term, so far as hour
and amount is concerned, has been about as
unsatisfactory as it well could be. It has
taken place immediately after supper, 6.30
o'clock, and the results have been most
annoying. Coming directly from the exer-
tions of drill cadets are heated, excited, and
consequently indisposed to study when the
study bell rings. Two-thirds of the petty
disturbances within the dormitories . are

pone

directly chargeable to the fact that our drill
has been at an unsuitable hour. Again, if
drill is to be compulsory, we should have it
more than three hours per week. This
small amount of time does not give one an
opportunity of becoming at,all proficient in
military tactics and science, and if we are not
to make a success of it, the time thus spent
could be put to a better advantage. Stu-
dents have not taken the interest in drill that
they would have taken had the time devoted
to it been five hours each week instead of
three. '

——

On the first day of July last the State
Board of Agriculture, at a meeting held on
the College grounds, investigated the long-
continued trouble between Prof. Johnson, on
the one hand, and the students and faculty on
the other. At that investigation the students
who were called in were examined by Prof.
Johnson and Dr, Kedzie, the latter acting in
behalf of the faculty. But one result was
possible from an impartial inquiry: the Board
decided that for the best interests of the
College, the professor ought to resign, and
accordingly asked for his resignation. Since
that time Prof. Johnson and his friends have
filled the papers with assertions and crimina-
tions against the students and faculty, which,
were their authors called upon to substanti-
ate, they would find themselves beyond their
depth, ‘

Because Prof. Johnson was not allowed
the presence of a certain “friend” at the in-
vestigation, it is claimed that, therefore, the
Professor has been unfairly treated. Was
the investigation held for the purpose of
allowing a lawyer to dodge the truth through
the alleys of legal technicalities? or was its
aim, rather, to arrive at the facts of the case?
Besides, the Board considered themselves
perfectly capable of sifting the evidence
without the aid of a lawyer.

Again, Professor Johnson proceeds to
strike at the students’ petition to Governor
Luce in an “analysis,” which, after due
18 THE

SPECULUM.

boiling presents nothing but assertions im-
possible for him to prove and having no
foundation. His declaration that lower class-
men were bulldozed into signing that peti-
tion is only one of the many curious state-
nents he seems to consider himself called
upon to make. Students were nef jeered
when refusing to put their names to the peti-
tion; that no pressure was brought to bear
and that the young men were allowed to act
as they saw fit those who circulated the

petition are ready to attest.
When a member-of the freshman class

indignantly denied the accusation against the
independency of himself and his fellows,
Professor Johnson attempts to show by epi-
theting the article as “fresh” and by refer-
ence to its anonymous character that a lower
classman is not its author. However, when
a day or two following, the writer declar-
ed his identity in an article over his signa-

ture, no chance for doubt was left.
Much stress has been laid upon the sup-

bosed spurious character of the college
news appearing in one of the Lansing papers.
Do Professor Johnson and his friend, the
editor of the “Farmer,” remember how the
latter obtained the matter for his version of
the trouble? Have they forgotten that,
while here onthe College grounds, the editor
was the guest of the Professor and from him

learned the correct state of affairs.

We are sensible of the fact that these writ-
ings have produced a feeling of antipathy
against the students and the faculty; a con-
viction that Professor Johnson has been
maltreated: a fear that there
exists a determination to cut from the Col-
lege its greatest and distinguishing feature,
the department of agriculture. Every effort
has been made to belittle us, to misrepresent
us, to hold us up as rioters and “breeders of
sedition,” but we are confident that an inves-
tigation into the facts will show how erron-
eous are the impressions received thereby,

and that, in spite of Professor Johnson's
‘statement to the contrary, the good order of
the College has been greatly due to the
efforts of its students.

shamefull y

——r

Just before taking our material to the
printer we are in receipt of the following:

“FOR THE SPECULUM.

« Mr. Eprror, Dear Sir.:

« T am very sorry indeed that the M. A,
C. boys have insisted on a change in the
Prof. of Agriculture. Prof. Johnson was a
kind, able and efficient teacher; also a thor-
ough, practical farmer. The reasons as-
signed for his resignation are in my opinion
not the real ones.

“Prof. Johnson has been requested to
resign simply because he has stamina (or
backbone) enough to enforce the rules of
the college. In short, his resignation was
caused simply on account of his * docking
the boys.’ The boys dislike very much to
work on the farm, especially at ditching, and
because Prof. Johnson will not pay them for °
sitting under a shade tree, or in a fence cor-
ner, or robbing a neighbor's orchard, etc,, he
is to be ousted. Prof. Johnson has been too
lenient. He removed, or caused to be
removed the stigma of laziness from where
it rightfully belongs.

“ Because Professor Johnson has stamina
enough to enforce the ‘docking rule’ is the
very reason why he should be kept in that
position. The farmers of Michigan prefer
usefulness to idleness, and any boy that will
not work ought to be docked, and the Pro-
fessor that does it ought to be supported by
the State Board of Agriculture.

“ Yours respectfully,
“Cas. McDiarmip, Class *84.
“ Bear Lake, Manistee Co., Mich.”

Our comment will be brief. The letter
exposes its own infirmities. It is a fair sam-
ple of the not only childish, but wishy-
washy, articles by which many of Prof.
Johnson’s friends are striving to bolster him
up.

COLLEGE NEWS.

a

Club F. vs. Toothpicks.

Pres. Clute's family have arrived. 5

Lewis Reynolds has been quite sick.

The steps of Wells Hall are being repaired. |
Tennis and base ball have become a mania.

A new tennis court is seen by the Engine house.
Prof, King, of Olivet, was on the Erounds July ro.

shes don’t the Seniors brace up and have a class-
ay!
THE SPECULUM.

19

——— —--—— =

The new Annual Catalogue will be ont in a few
days.

L. A. Bregger, °85, was at the College over Sunday,
July 7.

Cc. J. Strang, of Lansing, was on the grounds re-
cently.

Lieut. Simpson and wife have been entertaining
friends.

Each of the mechanical seniors is busy working up
a thesis.

Miss Mamie McLouth, "89, was at. the College July
8 and 19.

A. B. Goodwin,
Sunday, Aug. 4.
The mother and sister of Secretary Reynolds’ wife
are visiting here. :

Mr. D. Strange, '67, of Grand Ledge, will lecture in
the chapel Wed., August 14.

About fifty volumes of magazines have been sent
from the library to the bindery.

Dr. R. C. Kedzie paid a visit to the Grayling exper-
ment station, returning July 25.

W. A. Morse, '35, from Middleville, was here Aug.
5, bringing a student with him. .

Several horticultural reports from different states
have been received at the library.

_ Mr. H. T. French has gone to begin his work in
the Agricultural College of Oregon.

A new Manvel windmill takes the place of the one
blown down by the wind of July 28.

Mrs. ©. L. Crandall and daughter started for Har-
bor Springs, July 22, for a vacation.

j. H. F. Mullett and K. L. Butterfield returned from
the Northfield conference the 15th ult.

A 50-candescent light dynamo is being built in the
mechanical shops to light the shops and library.

A movem:nt is on foot to bring drill and all parts
of the military course under the marking system.

On July 8, Dr. Beal returned from the Grayling
experiment station. He reports everything well.

The Union Literary Society banquet in club D;
Olympic in club A, and Phi Delta Theta in club B.

What! Is there going tobe another rs, in Howard
Terrace? Well, Lyster, you have our congratulations.

Students in the botanical department are getting
specimens, drawings and photographs ready for the
fair. ?

John Petrie, principal of the Brockway Centre
schools, spent a few days with his brother, William
Petrie.

The brass foundry in connection with the mechanical
shops is in operation under the supervision of J. H.
Freeman,

L. F, Kinney, professor of horticulture in the Rhode

Island experiment station, was the guest of Prof.
Taft lately.

'S8, was on the grounds over

te

——

Ex-Pres. Abbot spent Sunday, Aug, 4, with Pres.
Clute. Although feeble, he is able with assistance to

| get around,

Prof. Cook will deliver a lecture on “Insect Work
and Remedies” at the Farmers’ Picnic, Aug. 18 at
Pleasant Lake,

The superintendent of the schools at Dowagiac,
Mr. J. R. Miller, recently returned, after specializing
chemistry here.

Mr. W. P. Bowen, instructor in mathematics in the
Normal, spent three weeks in special work in chemis-
try at the College.

Dr. Mayo returned July 2 from Chicago, where he
had been on veterinary business connected with the
experiment station,

Mr. D. F. Wilson, a graduate of the Normal and
principal of the Napoleon schools, is taking a special
course in chemistry.

Prof. Taft read a paper on Cress Fertilization at the
meeting of the Horticultural Society, July 23 and
24, at Devil’s Lake, Lewawee Co.

Four societies have elected officers as follows:

Phi Della Theta—President, J. H. F. Mullett; Secre- .
tary, Dean Park; Treasurer, V. H. Lowe.

Olympic—President, L. W. Spaulding; vice Presi-
dent, H. 2. Ward; Secretary, W. Paddock; Treasurer,
C. F. Cook.

Union Liferary—President, Chas. Ferris; vice-Pres-
ident, A. F. Gordon; Secretary, Chas. Angell; Treas-
urer, A. F. Kneen.

Eclectic—President, H. L. Bunnell; vice-President,
H. H. Doty; Secretary, G. C Monroe; Treasurer, B.
©. Johnson; Marshal, B, W. Peet.

Four commencement programmes of the society
banquets will be as follows:

Felectic--President's address, Alex Moore; statis-
tics, 5S. K. Boyd; prophecy, C. P. Hulburd; society
paper, L. W. Rice; toast master, W. W. Morrison.

Phi Delta Thefa—Fresident’s address, R. 5. Baker;
history, J. R. MeColl: society paper, O.° J. Root; ora-
tion, C. F. Baker; prophecy, V. H. Lowe; W. L. Simp-
son, toast master.

Union Liferary—President’s address, J. W, O'Ban-
non; oration, J. W. Earle; history, T. F. McGrath;
poem, W. 5. Palmer; prophecy, W. Babcock, Jr.; toast
master, R. J. Cleland.

Olvmpic—President's address, L. Churchill; history,
E. A. Holden; guitar solo, W. Paddock; oration, A.
L. Marhoff: poem, L. A, Clinton; prophecy, L. W.
Spaulding; toast master, H. A. Martin.

The mechanical club has been reorganized. and
from the interest shown at the last meeting, ison good
footing. The following programme was rendered:
July 12; How tin is made, Thos. Bradford; American
mills, G. J. Jenks; Measuring machfhes, Prof. Drirand;
Wood turning, W. G. Steward; Fatigue of metals, Wm.
Petrie; Construction of dams, Chas, Stone; Biography
of Descartes, Fred Goodenough; Uses of aluminum,
©. J. Root, Discussions followed the papers and
many interesting points were brought out.
20

THE SPECULUM.

— =,

R. H, and A. W. Stanley have left for Connecticut.
R. H. will perhaps return at the opening of the fall
term

College hall is much improved in looks by the newly
arched windows and other repairs which it is under-
going.

_ ‘The seniors were givena reception by Sec, Reynolds
on Friday evening, Aug. 2. A very enjoyable time is
reported.

The name of F. E. Stronp appears in the list
of summer students Heisa graduate of the Normal
and principal of the Tawas City schools

Drs. Kedzie and Beal and Prof. Cook will attend
the American Association for Advancement of Science,
which meets this year in Toronto, Aug. 25.

Miss Moore from Shelton, Conn. has been visiting
her cousin, Mrs, Durand, since July 4. She and Miss
Smith will go east together after commencement.

A meeting of the Experiment Station entomologists
is called at Toronto, Ontario, Aug 22. Prof. Cook will
represent the Agricultural College at the meeting.

Mr. J. M. Aldrich, a graduate of the Dakota Agricul-
tural College and now assistant entumologist of that
institution, will study with Prof. Cook this winter.

T. BR. McClure, originally of "29, is temporarily fill-
ing the position of librarian, left vacant by the resigna-

tion of Miss Abbot. He will enter college again next
fall.

The Lapeer High School is represented in our sum-
mer school by Miss Emma Loughname a graduate of
the Normal, who is taking a special course in chem-
istry.

Pres. Clute has manifested his interest in agriculture
by joining the Capitol Grange. He speaks before a
Grange picnic held at Mr. Foster's of Williamston,
Aug. 9.

A new large museum case has just been completed
for the family Cervida: which will about fill it. Also,

numerous stands are being made to remount many
specimens.

The Mella along the river contains about one hun-
dred kinds of grasses and forage plants. Some of the
seeds sown last September are scarcely out of the
ground yet.

The Horticultural department promises to be well

represented in apples, pears, grapes, potatoes, toma-
toes, cabbages, squashes, onions, and celery at the
coming state fair.

Prof. Cook's bulletin No. 51 is out and treats of the
enemies of the plant louse which has done so much

damage in this state. One new species of Araconid
parasite is described.

The Association for the Advancement of Agricultu-
ral Science, of which Dr. Kedzie is President, meets
in Toronto, Aug. 26. Dr. Beale and Prof. Cook are
also members and will attend.

The Junior class-day at Grand Ledge was an event |
of the 26th ult. The pleasures of the boating, banquet, |

toasts, and ball room furnished enjoyment not soon
to be forgotten by all participants.
The VY. M,C. A. is getting out a hand book contain-

ing a map of the grounds and all sorts of general infor-
mation concerning the College. It will be issued in

| time for use by the incoming students,

Seneca Taylor, a lawyer of St. Louis, Mo. who was
probably the first student that ever entered the M. A.
¢., as he came here three weeks before the first term
opened, spent Aug. rst visiting the College.

The ground for the bath house has been broken and
work begun. It will be a building 16xjo ft. and will
have twelve plunge bath tubs, The building will be
situated about thirty feet east of the boiler house.

The stewards inthe boarding clubs for next term
are as follows: Club ‘A,’ J. H. Freeman; club “B,"
C. E. Bowen; club "C," H. H. Doty; club''D,"’ H. L.
Bunnell; club “E,’’ Chas. Ferris; club “F,"’ H. 2. Ward.

Eaton County Horticultural Society had an excur-
sion to the College Aug. 7. About 300 were present,
and reports of all departments were looked up by

special committees, who will present them at some
future meeting.

Dr. M. Wilchens, professor of Agriculture in the
school of Vienna, Austria, spent a few days at the col-
lege. He is making a tour of American agricultural

colleges, (this being the tenth he has visited), tolearn
American methods,

Mrs. Ella Kedzie, who has charge of the Art depart-
ment at Olivet. and her sister, Miss Hattie Gale, a
graduate of the Kansas Agrictltural College, together
with Mrs. Nellie Kedzie, professor of Domestic Econ-

omy at the Kansas Agricultural College, are the guests
of Dr. and Mrs. Kedzie.

The programme of exercises for commencement time
will be as follows: Olympic, Eclectic and Delta Tau
Delta banquets, Friday Eve,; Baccalaureate address,
Sunday at 2:30 P, M.; Union Literary Society and
Phi Delta Theta banquets, Monday Eve.; Commence-
ment exercises, Tuesday, 10 A. M.; Inaugural address,

Tuesday, 3P. M.; President's reception, Tuesday 7 to
IOP, M.

The new Agricultural College ‘Triennial,’ is receiv-
ing compliments from all quarters. Its freedom from
errors throws great credit on the work of Prof. F. 5.
Kedzie, It contains the names, addresses and occupa-
tions of all living Alumni, andthe names and dates of
deaths of those who are dead. It also contains a list

of those who have been officers at the College, together
with other information.

The resignation of Prof. Johnson was accepted at the
meeting of the State Board, Aug. 6. Prof. Pattengill
assistant in English Literature, more prominently
known as editor and publisher of the Michigan School
Moderator was asked to resign on account of anedito-
rial he had in his paper concerning Prof. MacEwen's
dismissal, The department of English Literature has
been made the department of English Literature and
Modern Languages and Prof. Edward P, Anderson
THE SPECULUM. 21

of the Ohio University at Athens, has been called to
succeed Prof. MacEwan. A separate department, as
that of Physics, has been created, with P. B. Wood-
worth as assistant professor.

Dr. Beal's report of the experiment station work
contains some very interesting items. The dry weather
so far has been very adverse to the success of grass
and forage crops. Grape vines made but feeble growth
and were wiiter killed, while neither Alfalfa nor June
grass are promising A difference is manifested be-
tween planis of the same branch. Mammoth clover
does better than red; especially when fertilized by
superphosphates, esewe has succeeded better than
timothy; the Russian trees are more promising than
our natives; strawberries do very well. One general
conclusion is reached that the old worn-out land is of
little value without fertilizers.

The union meeting of the societies took place in the
chapel July rg.. The following interesting programme
was enjoyed by all: Parody, RK. H. Stanley; Character-
ization of Helen Huwt Jackson, D. A. Garfield; De-
scriptive essay—Northfield, K. L. Butterfield; Decla-
mation, C. T. Baldwin; Debate—Resolved, That Ex-
Presidents should be made U.5. Senators for life.
Affirmative, H. L. Bunnell; Negative, W. G. Steward:
Prophecy of the class of "89, R.S. Baker; Poem—A
Hero of the Comemaugh Valley, W.S. Palmer; Ora-
tion—Patriotism nosubstitute for Christianity, William
Lightbody; College paper, Lemuel Churchill; Reverie,
Frank Paine. Music was furnished by the glee club.

Se

PERSONALS,

We desire the earnest co-opertion of every person
who has ever been connected with the college in try-
ing to make this department an interesting one, Let
every alumnus and every person who has been with
classes here send in news to the editor of this depart-
ment, often, thus making his work much easier and the
department more interesting to all.

What the Class of "Bg Will do.

H. A. Stewart will farm.

H. A. Martin will study law.

L. W. Rice will work in a hotel.

R. H. Wilson is going to work on the farm.

©. C. Hollister says he will work at his trade.

Geo, L, Chase will work in a bank in Detroit.

A. D. Baker will work in an office at Lansing.

H, E. Weed will make a specialty of entomology.
Will Curtis does not know as yet what he will do.
F. M. Seibert will study medicine at the University.
Cc. H. Todd will go home on his father’s stock farm.
(;. J. Jenks will engage in some mercantile pursuit.

E. J. Lodeman says, ‘' Don't ask me for a few days

yet,”
F. M. Paine will assist Mr. Koapper in the green-
house.

A. G, Wilson intends studying medicine at the Uni-
versity.

A. L. Marhoff will survey either near his home orin
the West.

W. L. Rossman will teach one year and will then
study law.

G.C. Davis will make a specialty of botany and
entomology.

J. W. Earle and W. E. Rohnert contemplate going
to Australia,

W. E. Davis is undecided—says he thinks he will
do something.

D. A. Garfield expects to go to Chicago in a com-
mission office,

W. 5. Palmer will farm for a short time, Expects to
get married soon.

J. W. Toumey will take a trip up north and will
teach next winter.

F. J. Niswander is at sea as yet.
stay with Prof. Cook.

Thos, McGrath thinks he willteach next winter, fur -
ther he is not certain.

We think he will

G. L. Flower will go into a machine shop as ap-
prentice draughtsman.

L. A. Clinton expects to stay at home for awhile.
He will then study law.

Yeiji Ekeda will attend some college in the East.
Does not know which yet.

Lemuel Churchill will begin studying medicine at
the University in September,

W. H. VanDevort will rest next winter and go into
a machine shopin the spring.

Rolla J. Cleland will study law before a great while.
He wishes to rest awhile first.

F, N. Clark will either work ina railroad office at
Harrison or at home on the farm.

R. 8. Baker will work for awhile at home in a store,
Will study law at some future time.

J. W. O'Bannon will go home for a short time, after
which he will study law at the University.

“Wm. Lightbody will go home for the present and
will probably study law in the near future.

Birtley K, Canfield says he will study art in New
York or Europe until he gets it down fine.

E, Pagelson will continue in his present position as
professor of drawing at the South Dakota Agricultural
College,

David Anderson will remain at the college as assist-
ant in the Horticultural Department of the Experimen-
tal Station.

W. J. Meyers will hold his present position until the
year is finished when he intends returning to M. A. C.
to study again.

Alexander Moore will work at carpenter trade for
one year with the exception of next winter, when he
expects to teach.
22

THE SPECULUM.

Mary Smith will visit her sister. Mrs. L. H. Bailey,
at Cornell for a year. Says studies are done for awhile
when she graduates.

The Holden brothers are undecided as yet what
they will do.
Siate Normal or home on the farm.

©. J. Root is undecided. He may go into some
machine shop or into the hardware business. He will
gu East for a short time after graduation.

“G. L. Flower, D, A. Garfield, F. M, Seibert and W.

H. VanDevort will be among the number who go
around the lakes in the boat, The Iota, now nearly
finished.

‘Or.

L. ¥. Beebe says that the last time he was on the
grounds he was lonesome, “ Not a person there that I
knew—not a building, save one, that I recognized.”
He speaks of the times when he with “‘ Big Allen, Bob
Bagley, Doc Hollister, Dickey, the Clutes and others
chopped the timber, dug the stumps and the ditches
all for from seven to ten cents an hour.” He is at
present life insurance agent on the road, east and west,
and letters will reach him at Utica, N.Y.

"GT.

A.C, Prutzman manufacturer, Three Rivers, Mich.
was on the grounds during the first of the term for the

first time in twenty years.
6s.

Frank S&S. Burton lobbied for the Rhines's voting
machine last winter in Lansing.

James Satterlee was recently appointed assistant
secretary of State Agricultural Society at New York,
and has moved to Albany.

‘I.

E. B. Fairfield is special agent of the Wy. W. Mutual
Life Insurance Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. He was on
the grounds a few days ago.

B. D. Halsted, professor of botany at Rutgers. Col-
lege, New Brunswick, N. J., says, ‘‘ 1 donot care to be
without The Speculum.”

Prof, E. M. Shelton, who has been professor of agri-
culture in the Kansas Agricultural College, has been
appointed secretary of agriculture to one of the
provinees of Australia. This is an honorable as well
asa profitable position. The secretary of agriculture
was asked to send the best man in the country and he
chose E,M. His salary will be $3,750 per year.

. "74.

Wm. Cook is a member of Constitutional Conven-
tion of Montana.

! 75.

Albert A, Crane is banker and lawyer in Gaylord,
Mich. He is also president of that village.

O. E. Angstman, successful lawyer of Detroit,
addressed the Y. M. C. A, at the college Sunday July
28, Subject: “ Trial of Pontius Pilate."’

"7h.

J. E. Taylor is a successful farmer at Gienuinlle,

Mich,

Either, they will go from here to the

oie eae eee ee

ete es

Donald H. Kedzie is aspiring to be postmaster in
Lordsburg, New Mexico. May success crown your
efforts, Donald,

Jie

Success is attending Magon W. Gray as physician
and health officer at Pontiac, Mich.

(has. Bloodgood is physician at Kalamazoo,

eh

J. 5. Pardee is a successful physician in Three Oaks.

C. C. Georgeson is professor of horticulture in the
Imperial College of Agriculture, Tokio, Japan.

W. EK. Prodden, real estate dealer and breeder of
fine horses, Lansing, Mich, while riding in one of the
Owosso races was thrown from his sulky and some-
what injured. Let some one else ride the sulky, Will.

L. G. Carpenter and wife are as happy as can be. It
is a boy born July g.

O. P. Gulley is farming at Dearborn,

WITH "79.

B, H, Dyckman is a restaurant ke eper at St. Louis,

Missouri.
; ; "SO, ; .
F. A, Gulley, director of Experimental Station, Col-

lege Station, Texas. Started a few days ago for
Europe. Henry Haigh, of 74, who is his brother-in-
law, accompanies him. They will examine several
European Experiment Stations, as well as travel.

‘SI.
W.R. Hubbertis physician and druggist at Michigan

City, Dakota.

W. G. Simonson, attorney at law, Alliance, Neb. Is
also mayor of the city.

A. H. Voigt, furniture dealer, Los Angeles, Califor-
nia, writes: “I will introduce to my friends A. H,
Voigt, Jr., born May 21st, and I am now looking for-
ward to the time when he may be a familiar person on
the M. A.C. campus. No doubt by that time ladies will
have first-class accommodations there: and in such an
event my young hopeful may be accompanied by his
sister two years his senior."

"B2.

J. H. Irish, prosecuting attorney of Becker Co.,
Detroit, Minn., was on the grounds recently.

G. W. Thompson, lawyer, Minneapolis, Minn., in
1887 had an attack of typhoid fever. -Erysipelas set in
after the fever and resulted in the loss of the use of his
left arm. He was married in the fall of 1888.

WITH 'S2.

E. W. Crofts is farming near Grass Lake, Mich.

A. 5. Osborn is teacher of penmanship and book-
keeper in the Business College at Rochester, N. Y. He
is also contributor to the Buffalo Business Educator.

"83.

J. N. Smith has resigned his position as superin-
tendent of the Durango, Colorado, schools in order to
accept a much better position in the Chicago schools.
He henceforth will make that city his home.

WITH '83.

E. D. Hutton is clerk of the Third National Bank,

Detroit, Mich,

W. HH." Bristol is attorney at law and_ planter at
Shreveport, Louisiana,
THE SPECULUM, 23

"S4.
Homer D. Luce now occupies the former store of
Franklin Wells, Lansing, as druggist.

C. E. Smith is superintendent of schools at School-
craft, Mich., and also member of the Kalamazoo county
board of examiners.

WitrH ‘S84.

D. J. Gillam is fire insurance agent, Lansing Mich,

Cc. H. Hoyt is farming at Irving, Mich.

Robt, W. Hemphill, jr., is paying teller, Dime Sav-
ings Bank, 118 Cass ave., Detroit, Mich.

E. R, Lake, Prof. of Botany and Horticulture at the
Oregon State Agricultural College, is spending his
summer on the Pacific coast.

"86,

Harry B. Howe is on his father's farm at Buchanan,
Mich. He says he would like to visit us for a few
days and play a game of ball with us.

The fullowing is taken from the Detroit Evening
News: “ The case of the People ws. Goodrich for
murder at Frankfort ended today, E. A. Whitney,

attorney for defendant, made a very able and eloquent:

argument which failed not to carry conviction. The
jury wete out twenty minutes and brought in a ver
dict of ‘not guilty, ”’
Witn "86.
Kizo Tamari is Prof. of Agriculture in the Imperial
College of Agriculture, Tokio, Japan.

Will Welch is traveling for a wholesale tobacco
establishment. He is a fine salesman.
"87.
E. A. Burnett, who is farming jat Bancroft, Mich.,
was on the grounds a short time ago.

The following was clipped from the letter of a gradu-
ate now in Frankfort: ‘‘H. L. Chapin recently paidmea
visit. He had just finished a three month's contract on
the Ann Arbor railroad and was on his way to his
home in St. Ignace.

Cc. L. Himebaugh, farmer and teacher at Burr Oak,
Mich, is author and publisher of Himebaugh's Exami-
nation Register.

C. E. St. Johns, instructor of chemistry in the State
Normal, was on the grounds a short time ago.

Mary L. Carpenter taught last winter and is now
staying at home in Orion. She will be present at
commencement, the guest of Miss Jessie Bealw.

Alunini, imagine G. L. Teller, who is now assistant
in chemistry, trying to ride on a low safety bicycle.
However, it is George's way, ‘‘he gets there just the
same,”’

¢% Mary L. Harrison is nurse at Harper's Hospital,
Detroit, Mich. She will have a vacation for a few
weeks, during which time she will be present at com-
mencement.
WITH ‘89.
Geo. L. Foot is teaching a Sunday-school class at
his home in Indiana. He says crops are good.

‘by a seore of fourteen to nineteen.

a oe ail

WITH "go.
James W. Campbell and mother have gone to Cali-
fornia.

H. D. Robson is helping his father in a drug store at
Williamston, Mich,

E, A. Prickett is attending Business College at
Indianapolis, Ind.

G. F. Bristol has been working with a surveying
party locating an extension ofthe C. & W. M. railroad
from Baldwin to Traverse City.

F. B. Plimpton is teaching school and at the same
time studying law at Benton Harbor, his home.

Miss Ella Taylor, who is at home, at present, expects
to go to Indiana soon for an extended visit.

Daisy Champion, who has been teaching in Ohio for
nearly a year, is now enjoying 4 vacation at home,
She whipped seven boys in three days. She leaves a
fine record as a teacher.

Nellie McCurdy is teaching near ths college.

COLLEGES.

The Vale-Harvard eight oared race for 1559 was won
by Yale College.

Cornell University has graduated a class of nineteen
in journalism.

The president of the Pekin University is translating
Shakespeare's works into Chinese,

Henry ©. Sage, of Ithaca, N. Y., has given $300,000
to the Cornell library.

A funeral was held over the remains of the class
excuses, archives, and ‘‘ponies” of the graduating class
at the University of Wisconsin,

All of the Justices of the Supreme Court of the United
States are college graduates, except Justice Miller,
who graduated from a medical school.

ATHLETICS.

The gymnasium has been much improved lately by
the addition of new apparatus, consisting of chest ex-
panding machines, a whirligig and other things of

ess importance, The gymnasium is now very thor-
oughly equipped and should receive great attention
from the students.

During July the second nine had a series of games
in which they were more successful than the first nine.
They have won four out of five games played. On the
fourth of July they won from Fowlerville and William-
ston. Since then they defeated the Reform School
nine and anine at Eagle. The only game lost was
with the Reform School boys.

The seniors and alumni had their annual ball game
on the grounds July 27th, the seniors being victorious
The features of
the game were the home ron by Hollister and the
numerous cases of erratic judgment on both sides, at
the bat aswell as in the field. The following is the
score by innings. °

123465 678 @ & Bu E
Alumni... 14d4otogaidit bk Ww
Seniors wis. 320612833 * 19 6 9
THE SPECULUM.

a a ee

ae

J. A. TURNER,

(Successor to A. Turner),

rig Michigan Avenue, Lansing.

231, 233, 235, 237 Wasmugion sivcnue 5., LAnsinc, MIcu.

THOROUGH:

WeELL EQUIPPED:

PRACTICAL.

One of the finest suites of Rooms in the Country and a large, wide-awake Faculty.

DEPARTMENTS: Commercial, Short-hand, Elocution, Type-writing, Normal, Penmanship.
Expenses low. Don't decide to go Elsewhere until you have sent for our Year Book.

JOHNSON & MINER, Proprietors and Mangers of the Michigan School Bureau.

Crotty Bros.

Have a Full Line of

Base Ball Goods, Lawn ‘Tennis,
Lacrosse and Croquet Sets,
Gymnasium Goods, Hammocks, Tents,
Lawn Chairs and Camp Stools.
‘“The Victor’’ Bicycles and Safeties.
Ladies’ and Children’s Tricycles.
Agents for the OVERMAN WHEEL Co.

ae te

WH. H. PRENTICE. ART. G. KIEP,

PRENTICE & KIEF,
Merchant + Tailors.

Fine Pantings, Svitings and Overcoatings.
Military Uniforms a Specialty.
Fs A Perfect Fit Guarantesd.

Removed to 224 Washington Avenue South, Lansing, Mich.
Sirk Hats PrREssSED AND CLEANED.

WILL IT PAY

To give $3.00 per dozen for Cabi- |
net Photographs, when we Posl-
TIVELY GUARANTEE just as good for
$2.00 as can be had in the city of
Lansing. Special rates to all connect-
ed with the M. A. C. We solicit a
trial, which will be Free of Charge if
not Perfectly Satisfactory.

Cheney & Lawson.

BEE-KEEPER’S GUIDE.

—

Manual of the Apiary.

14,000 sold since 1876. 5.000 sold since May, 1883. 15th 1,000

wholly revised, murh evlarged, and many custl
illustrations added. * .

Price, by mail, $1.25. Aelbare) cllmootink to dealers and for
cluba, :

Registered snropehires and Short Horns of the most fashion-
able strains for sale,

A. J. COOK, Author and Publisher,
Lansing, Mich,

THE SPECULUM.

The M. C. Lilley & Co.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

MILITARY GOODS OF ALL KINDS.

REGALIA SUPPLIES, BAND EQUIPMENTS, AND
UNIFORMS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS.

Special Inducements to Siudents and those getting up Clubs or Companies.

COLUMBUS, OHIO.

THE ONE-PRICE CASH SHOE DEALER, Respect-
| |] GSS fully S8licits a share of your patronage. Special Prices given

to Large Orders. Corner opposite Hore, Downey,
LANSING, MICH.

JOHN HERRMANN, Poy
Merchant Gailor | 7s... LIST?

Twenty-two years’ experience asa Practical

. Dentist. The only Dentist in Lansing who
228 Washington Ave. N., is a graduate of a Dental College.

Opposite Opera House Bjock, BriIpGE Work or TEETH WITHOUT

Keeps the largest selection of fine Cloths PLATES. GOLD OR PORCELAIN
in Central Michigan. CROWNS.

STYLE AND WORKMANSHIP THE very Best | Office over Lansing National Bank, Lansing.

THAT CLOCK ON THE WINDOW

U. H. FORESTE R, Ts for the hengftor the publics and aleo to mark
5. B. MORGAN, Jeweler,

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL I MAKE WATCH REPAIRING A SPECIALTY.

After securing your work once, I will endeavor to keep your
patronage by doing it well,

Books, Stationery, Toys, Fancy Goods

eee. FINE SROES

In all Styles and Prices that are Right,
LANSING, - - - - MICHIGAN.

Ladies Hand Turns in Budion, Lace and Congress.

VOISELLE & LAROSE, | GENT’S SHOES A SPECIALTY,

HEADQUARTERS FOR —At the—

Cash Boot and Shoe Store.
Wall Paper & Decorations. oo ycopsum & co.

THE SPECULUM

NOTICE.— You are cordially invited to inspect our large stock of

Mens and Boys Clothing,

Tai, Furnishing Goods ano Neckwear.

Knee Pants from four to fourteen years. Mewn’s $1.00 Pants A SPECIALTY.

Yours truly,

MODEL CLOTHING HOUSE,

109 Washireton Averne, Lansing, Wich.

FURNITURE!

A LARGE ASSORTMENT oF

Writing Tables, Desks, Chaits, &é..

EXTRA SPECIAL FIGURES TO STUDENTS.
M. J. BUCK, Opposite the Opera House.

You will find the Largest Assortment of | BEE- KE . " ¥
Fine Boots & Shoes EPER'S GUIDE,

Manual of | she Apiary:

| 1000 sald since 87 5d Hid s situ Atay, (ERS. 15th 1,000
Wholly rev on ein ot. am id many ’ costly
‘aly tratic its nildec

j
| Price, by mail, $1.25. Liberal discount to dealers and for
115 N. Washington Ave, clubs.

Repairing | Registered snropshires and Short Hornsof the most fashion-
Neatly i able striina fur sale,

A. J. COOK, Author and Publisher,
Lansing, Mich,

Done.

—

W. H. PORTER, BELY

First-Class nn ait ‘Hlths _ DRUGS, PERFUMES, SPECTACLES.

| CITY HALI
| : BI I
Stables cor. Capitol Ave, and Washten aad LOCK, .
Telephone No. Gf Lansing, Mich.

THE SPECULUM.

- OHIGA 50 MEDICAL COL LEGE,

Corner Prairie Avenue and 26th Street, CHCAGO, ILL.

Medical Department of the Northwestern University. Session of 1889-90.
N. S. DAVIS, M. D., LL. D., Dean.

The Thirty-first Annual Course of Instruction will begin Tuesday, September 24th, 1539, and close ‘Tuesday, April agth, 1590,
The course of instruction is graded, students being divided into first, sccond and third year classes. Applicants for admission

mast present diplomas or certificates Ero raognized colleges, schools of science, academies, high schools, or teachers’ certifi

eqites of the first or second grade, or sustain a preliminary examination.
The method of instruction is conspicuously practical, and is applied in the wards of the Mercy and St. Luke's Hospitals daily

at the bedside of the sick, in the Ca leze Amphitheatres, and in the South Side Dispensary attached tothe College, where upwards
of fourteen thousand patients ure treated annually. Fees: Matriculation $2. Lectures, first and second years, each, $75, third
Demonstrator $io, including material. Operative Surgery $s, including material, Laboratory $5. Breakage {re -

year free.
turnable} $%. Hlospitals: Mercy $4, for third year students; St. Luke's $3, for secoml year students; final examination $30. Ma
extra fees for Private Classes or Microscopical Laboratory.

For further information or announcement address

FRANK BILLINGS, M. D., Sec'y, 235 State Street, Chicago, TIL

DS

New England Clothing Store,
116 Washington Avenue South, LANSING, MICH.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

CLOTHING, GENTS’ FURNISHING GOODS, HATS and CAPS.

Suitings for the old and young—Met's, Youths’, Boys and Children’s--always in stock and at prices that

defy competition, Special inducements to students.
The Largest, Brightest and Lightest Store, and the best stock to select from in Lansing. ;
Specialties in Gents’ Fine Furnishings. Don't pass us by when in want of anything in our line. Call in.

H. RAZEK, the Low Price Clothier.

B F SIMONSJG. J. FOSTER,

104 WASHINGTON AVENUE, —Dealer in—

Displays the Filvest |
Boots, Shoes and Rubbers,

aud Largest Stock o {

f
(
1) AY G O O YD s | 320 Washington Ave., Lansing, Mich.

AND CARPETS | eS

That has ever been opened in the city. You will always | 7 ae ; ;
lind goods as represented, and our prices at the bottom. Lawn - Tennis - Goods, - Best - Made

———

j sett GILLorng
Steel “Pens.

FOR ARTISTIC USE ia fing drawings,
os. Oo a «i*
FOR FINE WR ING, “gal, 399 -
a. and Ladies’, 1
#OR BROAD WRITING, ie
, #8) and Stub Point, B49.

Nos,
FOR GENERAL WRITING,
Nos, 404, 392, 390 mand bog. |-

THE MOST PERFECT OF PENS.

Gold Medal Paris Exposition, IBTS8.
losenh Gillett & Sons, gt John St., New York.

—— —

THE SPECULUM.

eee ee

ABER’ S SHOE STORE. oR HH, SEDINA,
IS HEADQUARTERS FOR & The Ross Tailor &
Reliable Footwear Specialty fs making the
Gents’ Medium and Fine Shoes. FINE PRESS SUITS,
When your Shoes are in distress call on Military Suits ad Specialty.
A BHR. - STUDENTS GIVE US A CALL.

JACKSON BRO’S. “M. A. C. OLD RELIABLE BARBER.”

106 MICHIGAN AVENUE, LANSING,

IS THE HEADQUARTERS FOR COLLEGE STUDENTS.

FIVE SKILLED WORKMEN EMPLOYED.

231, 233, 235, 237 Washington Avenue $., LAnsinc, Micu.
THoROUGH. WELL EQUIPPED, PRACTICAL.

One of the finest suites of Rooms in the Country and a large, wide-awake Faculty.
DEPARTMENTS: Commercial, Short-hand, Elocution, Type-writing, Normal, Penmanship.
Expenses low, Don't decide to go Elsewhere until you have sent for our Year Book.

JOHNSON & MINER, Proprietors a and Managers of the Michigan School Bureau.

Crotty Bros. BRENTICE & KIEF.

Have a Full Line of

Base Ball Goods, Lawn ‘Tennis, Merchant + Tailors.

Lacrosse and Croquet Sets,

Lawn Chairs and Camp Stools. Military Uniforms a Specialty
‘“The Victor’? Bicycles and Safeties. A Perfect Fit Guaranteed.
Ladies’ and Children’s Tricycles. Removed to 22 Washington Avenue South, Lausing, Mich

Agents for the OVERMAN WHEEL Co. | Sirk Hats Pressep anp CLEANED