NOVEMBER  10 1  18 8  e. 

,. 

T.ABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

LITERARY.-

PROF.  ANDERSON'S  INAUGURAL  AS  PRESIDENT OF 

THE SHAKESPEARE  CLUB, 

\VHAT  SHOULD  BE  THE  FUTURE  LAND  POLICY 

OF THE UNITED  STATES? 

\\IASHINGTON  IRVING, 
THE  BENEFITS  OF  EDUCATION, 

• 

SCIENTIFIC.-

N ATURAL  HISTORY  SOCIETY, 
MECHANICAL  CLUB, 

.,  -

EDITORIAL, 
COLLEGE  NEWS, 
PERSONALS, 

COLLEGES, 
EXCHANGES, 
ATHLETICS, 

61 

66 
68 
71 
73 
75 
77 
77 
77 

Entered  at  the  Postoffice  at  Agricultural  College,  MichigRn,  as  Second-Class  Mail  Matter. 

Launt Thompson,  Printer  and  Binder,  Lansing. 

T  H  E  S P  E  C  U L  U ~.t . 

The ~- C.  Lilley &  Co. 

HEADQUAR TERS  FOR 

J\1ILITARY  GOODS  OF  ALL  KINDS. 
REGALIA  SUPPLIES,  BAND  EQUIPMENTS,  AND 
UNIFOR1\1S  OF  ALL  DESCRIPTIONS. 

Special  Inducements  to  Swdents  and  those  getting  up  Clubs  or  Companies. 
COLUMBU S,  OHIO. 

L.  D.  Goss  THE  ONE-PRICE  CASH  SHOE  DEALER,  Respect 

fully Solicits  a share  of  your patronage.  Special  Prices  given 
to  Large  Orders.  Corner opposite  HOTEL  DOWNEY, 

LANSING,  MICH. 

J 

JOHN  HERRMANN, 

J.  s.  MOFFETT; 
roe: r@fal er flt q5 Ct 1 f 01~  ~wenty·two years'  experience  as a  Practical ~ 
IJENTIST 1 

· 

··· 

Dentist.  The only Dentist in  Lansing who 
is a  graduate of a  Dental  College. 

. 

228  Washmgton  Ave.  N, 
Opposite Opera House B1ock, 

1\cep,S"  t~e latge,S"t  ,S"electio11  of  fiT)c  Clotl1:-: 
ill  Cel\tral  j\1iCl,iga11. 

~ TYLE  ANO  WORKMANSHIP  THE  VERY  BEST 

U.  H.  FORESTER , 

WHOLESALE  AND  RETAIL 

Books, Stationery, Toys,  Fancy Goods 

THE  BIG  WIND OW,  WASH INGTON  A\'!>:., 

LANSING, 

-

•  MICHIGAN. 

BRIDGE  WORK  OR  TEETH  WITHOUT 
PLATES.  GOLD  OR  PORCELAIN 
CROWNS. 
Offi ce  ouer  hansinq  Na1ional  Hank,  hansiny. 

TH .'\ T  CLOCK  ON  "I HE  WINDOW 
ls for  th~ be1u·lil of the pnblic, and also  to  mark 
toe  lot·t1.tion  of 

, 

8.  ~.  M8RG~n, Jewele~. 

I  MAKE  WATCH  ltEPA!RING  A  SPECIALTY. 
A fl,:r  $1...'Curing  yonr  wnrk once,  I  wtll  endeavor to  keep vou r 
p>1trollttge  by  doing it well. 

• 

FINE SR0ES 

In  all Styles and  Prices that  are Right. 

Ladies'  Ha11d  T11r11s  i11  But/011,  Lace  aud  Cong·1·ess. 

VO/SELLE  &  LAROSE, 

GENT'S  SH0ES  A  Sf:>EGIAL rv. 

HEADQUARTERS  FOR 

- At the-

Wall  Panor  & nocorations. 

Cash Boot and Shoe Store. 
ro4  Washington  Ave.  N.  WOODSUM  &  CO. 

T  H  E  S P  E  C  U  L.  U  :\1 

NO T ICE .- You  are  cordia ll y  invitee!  to  i n~;)ec t  our  l:i rg e  stock  of 

Man's  and  Boys'  Clothing, 
tJ o}?,  F1 lir n·i ? ~ i ng  Goo6?  <\n 6  Neq4w~(\t'. 

K nee  Pants  fr om  four  to  fou r teen  y ears .  M EN'S  $ r.oo  PANTS  A  S PEC IALTY , 

,. . 

Y o urs  truly, 

MODEL  CIJOTHING  HOUf'.E 

10 9  w .. ~hingt o n  Av enue.  Lansill g . 

'Mich. 

A  LA R GE  A SS O R TM E NT  OF 

ALW.t. YS  ON  HAND. 

EXTRA  S P E C IA ~  FI GU RE S  TO  STUDENTS. 

M.  J .  BUCI-i:,- Opposite  t he  Opera  House. 

You  will  find  the  L a rgest  A s sort m en t  of 

Fine  Boots  &  Shoes 

BEE-KEEPE R ~ S  GUIDE, 

-Olt-

AT 

H.  A.  WOOUWORTH'S 

1 ~. 00 0 •n ld  si nee 1876 .  5.ur,u  sold  • in r.e  :1 ; n~· . 

1 ~~~. 

15th  1.(J(){) 

wholly  revist'd.  mu •·h  e 11l a rged . and  uut11y  Ct..!- ll)' 
illu 0 t"utio n s  11.d de d . 
P r ic e,  b y  m a il ,  $ u 15.  Li bera l  d iscou nt to de ale r s  an d  for 
clubs . 

Nea t ly 

D one . 

Regi•te red .::inropshi res  Rn d  ~h a r t  H orns of the most fashion 
able strai ns  fo r saJ.,. 
A  J.  COO K ,  A u thor a nd  Pu bl ish e r , 

La n sing.  M ic h. 

W.  H.  P8RIER 1 

First -.n1ass  Livory  ana ·Hacks. 

Stables  cor.  Capitol  A ve.  amt ' Vashte nn w  St. 

'f' c· le ph Oue  X o.  65. 

SEELY 
DRUGS, PERFUMES,  SPECTACLE& 

CITY  H ALL  -s =.. ocK , 

Lansing,  Micp. 

THE  SP E  C UL U M. 

MEilDil 

Co rn e r  P rairie  Avenue  and  26th  Stree t,  CH C AG O ,  ILL. 

Medical  Department  of  the  N orthwestern  U ni vcrsity .  S ession  of 

i889-90. 

N .  S.  DA VI S ,  M .  D .,  LL .  D .,  D ean. 
The  Thirly · first An nua l Course of  I nstructio n  will  i.Jegin  T uesday,  September 24lh 1  1889, ;rnd  close Tuc::tday,  Ap1·il  29U1,  1Ssx:>. 
The  course of  instruction is g raded, students being  divided  inlo  first,  second  and  third  year  classes .  App1ica11ls  for  admiss io n 
mus t  present dipl omas or  certificates from  recogn ized  colleges,  schools  of  science,  academics,  high  schools,  or  teachers'  ccrtifi· 
cates of  th e  fi rst  o r  seco nd grade, or snshtin a.  preliminary exami nation. 

The  meth od o f  inst ructio n  is conspicuously p ractica.1 1  and  is  apphcd  in  Lh~ wards of  the :\h:rcy nnd St.  Lllke's  Jlospitals daily 
at tile beds ide  of  th e  s ick ,  i11  the College A m phitheatres, and  in  t he Soulh Side Di spensary atlached to the  ollcgc,  where u pwa rds 
of  fo urtec11  th ousand  pa ti ents a rc  treated  annuall y.  Fees:  J\'Iatricul:Ltio 11  $5.  Lectures,  first  and  second  years,  each,  $75,  t hi rd 
year  free.  D em onstrator  $ 10 1  incl ud ing  mater ial.  O perative  Surgery  $5,  includ ing  111atcrial.  L aborato ry  $5.  B reakage  (re 
turnable ) $5.  J[ osp ita ls:  l\ [ercy $6, for t hi rd year students;  St.  Lukc1s  $5,  for  second  year  studcnLl:i;  fi nal  cxa111 i11ation  S30.  No 
extra  fees  fo r  Pri v<Lte  Classes  or  Microscopical  Laboratory. 

For further  inf ormation  or  annou ncement  add ress 

FRANK  BILLINGS,  M .  D., . cc'y,  '35 St.ate Street,  Chicago, 111. 

new ~fl~f crflcJ  @I0t~ifl~ ~f0re, 

II6  Washington  Avenue  South,  LANSING,  MICH. 
HEAD  QUARTERS  FR 

CLOTHING,  GENTS'  FURNISHING  GOODS,  HATS  and  CAPS. 

S u iti ngs  for  t he  old  and  young- Me n 's , Youths ',  Boys  a nd  Children's-alway s  in  s toc k  a nd  at  pri ces  th at 

de fy  co m petition.  Special  inducements  to  s tud ents. 

T h e  Largest,  Brightest and Lightest Store,  a nd th e  b est  s tock  to  s elect  from  in  L a ns ing. 
Specialties in  Ge nts '  Fine  Furnishings.  Don ' t  pass  us by whe n  in wan t  o f  a n ything in  o ur lin e.  Call  in . 

H.  RAZEK,  the  Low  Price  Clothier. 

B 

F.  SIMONS 

G.  J.  FOSTER , 

104  WASHINGTON  AVENUE, 
Displays  the  Finest 
and Largest Stock of 

- D ealer i n-

Dft\Y  QooTI,S  Boots,  Shoes  and  Rubbers, 

320 W ashing ton  Ave.,  La nsi ng,  Mi ch. 

I 

AND  CARPETS 

Th at  has  ever  been  opened  in  the  city.  You  will  always  I L 

find  goods as represented, and our prices at lhe bottom. 

awn 

_ Tennis _ Goods, _ Best _ Made 

J\)~t.~\\  G 1 LLorr}s 
rSlfee!  YPenz. 

FOR  ARTISTIC  USE  in  fin e  u rawinp, 

N os.  659  (C row-qu ill),  2go  and  291. 

F OR  F I N E  WRI T IN G, 

F O R  BROAD  WR ITI N G, 

N o.  303,  and  Ladies ',  170. 

N os.  294,  o8q  . .md  Stub Point, 849. 

F O R  G ENERA L  WR 1T!N •3, 

f'.los.  d,Od,  332 1  3go  and 60& . 
TH~ MOST  PERFECT  OF  PENS. 
Ge ld  Me do!  P ~r i s Exposi1io n,  18 78 . 
J oseph  Glllott  & Sons,  91  john  St. ,  New  York. 

TlIE  SPECULUM. 

ABER 'S  SHOE  STORE 
IS  HEADQUARTERS  FOR 

~eliable F oonwea~ ~pecialny 
Gents' Medium  and  Fine  Shoes. 

<SJ  Cf h€  ~oss er ailor $ 

9 

Is  making  the 

F IN£  !@)~£~~  ~UIT~, 

When  your  Shoes  arc  in  distress  call  Oil  Military  Suits  a  Specialty. 

ABER. 
JACKSON  BRO 'S. " M. A. C.  OLD  RELIABLE  BARBER." 
106  M.ICH.IGAN  A  VENUE,  LANSING, 

STUDENTS  GIVE  US  A CALL. 

IS  THE  HEADQUARTERS  FOR  COLLEGE  STUDENTS. 
FIVE  SKILLED  WORK.l\JEN  E  IPLOYED. 

Cfh€  1\.rmst~ong 1V\.ilitar}f  Suppli€s. 

Swords,  Belts,  Caps, 

Cap  Ornaments, 

.l-Ielmets,  Chapeanx, 

Shoulder 

traps, 

Epa1tlettes,  A iguillettes, 

Shoulder Iinots, 

Sashes,  Chevrons, 

Clotlling,  Flags,  Etc. 

Write  for  our  prices  on  any  of  the  aboYe  good  , or  on  any  other  Military,  Band,  or 

Society  Goods  you  may  wish  to  purchase.  PRICE  LISTS  FREE. 

The Arm.s trong Goods  Stand at the  Head. 

E .  A.  ARMSTRONG,  Detroit,  Mich . 

261  &  263  "'ooowAJ<D  An;. 

Jl-1  &  116  \ \ . ASlllNGTON  ,c-\\1£, 

Mich igan  School  1V\.od€rator. 

SEMI-MON'.l"HL Y. 

$1 .,50  per  Year.  The  OFFICIAL  ED U CATIONAL  PAPER  of  the  State. 

PRIMER OF MICHIGAN  IIISTOR Y, - W.].  Cox,  r 12  pp.,  clot!~, 40  cts. 

CIVIL GOVERN  IEi\T OF  MICIIIGA. 

,  H.  R. Pattengill, 96  pp., cloth,  30 cts. 

MANUAL  OF  ORTHOGRAPHY  AND  ELEMEr  TARY  SOUNDS,-H .  R. 

Pattengill, 64  pp.,  30  cts. 

THE MODERATOR one  year,  and  any  one  of  these  book  ,  $1.65. 

Address  H .  R .  PATTENGILL,  Lansing,  Mich. 

SPEC(:JL(:Jfl'L 

VOLUME  lX.-No. 4. 

AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE, Mrcu., :NoY.  rn,  i889. 

Prof.  Anderson's  Inaugural  as  P resi 
dent  of the  Shakespeare Club. 

As  everything done in a Shakespeare C lub 
must, of cour  e, he  fitted  with  an  appropriate 
quotation  fr.)m  the  master, I  ha\'c nothing  lo 
do  by  way  of  introduction  hut  to  repeat  to 
you  the  words  spoken  by  a  dancer  in  the 
epilogue to  our play  of  Henry  IV.  "First 
my  fear,  then  my  comte ·y,  last  my  pecch . 
~Iy fear  is  your displeasure,  my  courtesy  my 
duty,  and  my  speech  to  beg  your  pardons. 
lf you  look  for  a  good  speech  now,  you 
undo  me;  for  what  I  have  to  ay  is  of  mine 
own  making,  and  what  indeed  I  should  say 
wi ll ,  I  doubt,  prove  mine  own  marring." 

That is,  I  think,  an  admirable  regulation 
of  the  French Academy, which requires each 
new  member to make  his  inaugural  a  eulogy 
of  the  departed  immortal  whose  place  he 
take ·;  and  I  am  sure  that  you  will  pardon 
me  to-night,  if,  in imitation  of  this  practice, 
I  say  a  few  word  in  grateful  recognition  of 
the services  of  President  MacEwan. 

In  the  language  of  the  Israelitish proYerb, 
"Let not  him  that  gir<leth  on  his  harness 
boast  him ·elf  as  he  that putteth  it  off." 
If 
the  president  who put off  his  harne  s  a  few 
short weeks ago  were  only  here  to-night  he 
might  be  j ustified  in boasting of  this pleasant 
circle  that  grew  up  under  hi  able  leader 
ship,  and  of this  pleasant  place  that  he pre 
pared  for your  entertainment. 
In  my  all 
too-brief 
intercourse  with  President  Mac 
Ewan  I  learned  to  appreciate  his  stirring 
activity, h is  earnestness of purpose, hi  manly 
fearlessness,  his  unguarded 
frankness  of 
expression, his  devotion to English literature, 
his delightful  sallies  of  wit,  his  oddly  origi 
nal  and  humorous  way  of  looking  at  what 
seem  to others  like  misfortunes.  All  these 

WHOL1£  No.  42. 
- - - - - - - - - -
qualities  made  him  exceptionally  useful  a · a 
leader in  the study of Shakespeare.  To para 
phrase  Antony's  language: 

"  Here was a  leader,  when comes such  another)" 

I  am  no  prcbidcnt  as  MacEwan  is,  but a~ 
you  know  me  all,  a  plain,  blunl  man  that 
lo,·c  my  friend. 

I  have  often  thought,  however,  that  the 
be  l  way  to do  honor  to  a  good  man,  and 
especially  to  a  good  teacher,  is  not  to  spend 
our  time  in  idle  repining for  his  loss,  but  to 
show  by  our  actions  that  he  has  been  able 
by  his  precepts  and  his  example  to  in ·pire 
us  to  do  better  work,  and  o,  in  a  measure, 
at  least,  to  fill  hi  place  now  that  he  has 
gone.  The greater  the  loss,  the  more  effort 
must  be  put  forth  to  make  it  up.  The 
departed  hero  may  hcn·e  been a better fighter 
than  any  one of  us,  but  let  us  close  up  the 
ranks  bravely,  and  turn  an  unwavering  and 
unbroken  front  toward  the  hostile  ranks of 
ignorance  and  Philistinism .  And  the  first 
stronghold  from  which  to  drive  ignorance 
and  Philistinism  is,  I take it, our own breast  . 
vVho  of  us,  if  he  made a  clean  breast  of  it, 
. would  not  ha\'e  to  disclose  some  ignorance 
in  occasional 
of  Shakespeare's  meaning 
pa sages  e\'ell  of  this  play?  vVho  of  us  i 
able  to  look  al  the  characters  here  depicted 
in  the broad, charitable, and  sympathetic way 
of  the  myriad-minded  man?  Shakespeare 
offers  us  the  richest  mine of intellectual  gold 
that  we can  find  in  any  language.  Anyone 
can pick  up  the  golden  nuggets  that  lie  on 
the surface, but if  we  want  to  get  the  full 
good of our bonanza, we must dig deeper, we 
must  bring  up  those  ponderous  quartz 
crushers,  the  Shakespearian  commentators. 
Let us  to  the  work,  each  armed  with  pick 
and  shovel. 

l 
I 

62 

THE  SPECULUM. 

of  the  United States? 

J.  A.  WHITE,  UNION  LITERARY  SOCIETY. 

What Should be the Future Land Policy  This  land  was  given,  it is  true,  for  the  laud-
able  purpose  of  promoting  internal  improve 
ment; but one  wonders  that  the  statesmen of 
those  times,  yersecl  111  the  science  of  govern 
ment and  socitd  econqmy  as  many  of  them 
undoubtedly  were,  <lid  not  foresee  the  evils 
to  come  from  clispos:ng  of  ~uch vast  areas, 
thereby  opening  to  speculators  and  foreign 
land lords the opportunity to become possessed 
_\_  careful  consider 
of  immen  e  estate ~ . 
ation  would  ha 1·e  enabled  them  to  see  in 
Europe  the el'il  effects  of  the  accumulation 
of  large  tracts  of  land  by  single  individuals; 
that  it  acts  as  a  serious  menace  to  republican 
go1·ernment.  Surely  a  money  subsidy  paid 
to  the  roads  would  have  been  more  econom 
ical. 

The question  is  a  momentous  one to every 
citizen  of  the  Republic.  The  land  policy  to 
be  pursued  by  our  government in  the  future 
will  not  only  affect  the  present,  hut  wil l  be 
of  vital  importance  to  succeeding  genera 
tions.  The evils  existing  in  many European 
countries  are  largely  d ue  to  their  systems  of 
land  tenure.  That the  policy of  the govern 
ment in  the  past regarding the public domain 
was  not  as  it should  have  been  will  be  ad-
rnitted  by  all  ""hen  we  consider  what  effect 
the  continuance  of such  a  policy  wou ld  have 
on our  future  welfare.  One  ha  but to glance 
at the  last census return  to become convinced 
that  one  of .  the  1-vorst  foreign  elements 
among · us  is  European  landlord ism.  That 
concomitant of  poverty  among  the masses is 
~ :1lready  deep  rooted  and  th riv ing  in  our  soil. 

But  this  is  not  the  worst;  there  has  been 
acquired  and  improved  by  thirty  non-resi 
dent aliens  alone  within  the past half century 
an  area  equal  in  extent  to  the  lower  penin 
sula of  Michigan.  This land  was  purchased 
by  these  foreigners  with  the  intention  of 
establishing  in  free  America  the same  ac 
cursed  system  that,  in  the  British  Islands, 
has  reared  the  elegant palace  and  within  it 
shadow  erected  a  hundred  ho1·els  of  misery . 
Resident  landlords  are  little  less  to  be dread 
ed  than  foreign  one  .  Four  men  in  this 
country' at present  own  landed  estates  larger 
in  extent  than  the  three southern  New Eng 
land  States. 
In  addition  to  this  we  learn 
from  the  last census  that  of  the  increase  in 
the  number  of  farms  in  the  United  States 
from  1870  to  1880  tho  e  of  one  hundred 
acres  or  Jes - increased  only  eight  per cent, 
while  those  above  one  thousand  ~er.es in 
creased  eight  hundred  per  cent.  The  same 
cen  us  shows  that  there  were  then  consider 
ably  more  than  a  million  tenant farmers  in 
this  country . 
Ireland  in  the  mo.st  glorious 
days  of  landlordism  bad  not  two-thirds  that 
number.  This  serves  to  illustrate  the  ten 
dP.ncy  of  the  past  land  policy of th is country. 

The  American  people  have  for  many 
years  been  engaged  in  a  mad race for wealth, 
and  foreigner  coming  to  our  shores  havie 

F}.;,im  various  sources  since  its  establish 
ment  the  gen em\  go1·ernment came into pos 
session  of  vast  tracts  of  land.  After  mak 
ing  allowance  for  swamp  lands  and  Indian 
reservations  there  was  left  over  one  billion 
acres  of  amble  land  .  This  should  have 
heen  reserved and guarded with a jealous care 
for  the  use  of  the  present and coming gener 
ations.  This  amount  of  land  would  have 
been  sufficient 
to  supply,  for  centuries  to 
come,  that portion  0f  our  population  which 
would  naturally  engage  in  farming.  But 
how  m uch  of  this  land  is  ~tt  present  left  for 
settlement?  The records  of  the  land  office 
show  but  very  little. 
\ i\That  has  caused  this 
waste  of  the  people's  heritage?  And  may 
they  not justly demand of  their  law-makers 
_such  measures  as  "'ill  reserve  to  their pos 
terity  what  is  not  necessary  for  present 
actual  wants? 

Since  the  year 

i850  congress  gave  to 
railroad  corporations  over  two  hundred  mil 
lion  acres  of  land,  an  area  more  than  five 
times  as  large  as  the  State of  Michigan. 

THE  SPECULUM . 

caught  the  same  spirit and  have  made  it  the 
one object of their ambition. This has perhaps 
worked  more  good  than  evil 
in  the  past, 
while  it  could  be  done  without  working 
much  injury  to  anyone;  but there  will  come 
a  time,  and  it  is  not  far  distant,  when  this 
desire  to  acquire  great  wealth  must cease 
from  the  fact  that  it  will  be  impossible  to 
gratify  it  in  a  legitimate  way.  Land, the 
main  source  of speculative wealth,  is  rapidly 
being  taken  up.  The  child  of  to-clay  will 
live  to  see  the time when every acre of arable 
land  in  the  United  States  will  command  a 
price  fro.m  fifty  dollars  upward.  The  time 
is rapidly approaching when the entire tillable 
area of the  c.ountry will  be  tinder  cultivation. 
The history of  European  land  tenure  shows 
us  that  the  countries in  which  the  culti\'ator 
owns  the  ·oil  he  tills  are  the most prosperous 
and  the  people  the  most  contented.  Other 
count-r:ies  having  the  tenant  system  prosper, 
if  they prosper  at  all,  at  the  expense  of  a 
r  o government, if  we 
part of  their citizens. 
judge by  the past,  has  an  unlimited  lease  of 
existence  if  one  class  of  its  people  thrive;; 
while  another class  degenerates. 

"  I)I  fares the land,  to hastening ills a  prey, 

\Nhere wealth  accumulates and men  decay." 
It is  agreed  by  the  leading  political  econ 
omists  that  an  ideal  ystem  of  Janel  tenure is 
that in  which every  man  owns  the  Janel  he 
cul ti Yates,  having control of no  more than, by 
proper  care,  he can till  successfully and well. 
If such  a  ystem  as  this  has  been  tried  and 
found  to  be  the  best,  might  not  our  legisla 
tors  en.act  laws  gradually  looking  toward 
that  encl?  Various  theories  have  been  pro 
posed  advocating  an  equitable solution  of this 
question.  Socialism  offers its uncertain plan, 
and  the  chimerical  scheme of  nationalization 
has been  advanced  and  both  have  many sup 
porters. 
I  either  has  the  favorable  sanction 
of  history,  and  common  sense  seems  to  be 
against both.  The only  way out of  the diffi 
culty  is  through  a  movement in  congress.  A 
law should  be enacted  limiting the amount of 
land  that can  be  taken  up by  a11y  one  person 
to -one :· hundred  · and  sixty  acres.  Aliens 

should  be  prevented  from  acquiring  title  to 
real  estate  of  any  kind.  No  more  land 
should  be given to  corporations  for  any  pur 
If it  becomes  necessary  for 
pose  whatever. 
the  government  to  aid  any  enterprise  that 
will  be  a  public benefit,  let  that aid  be  given 
in  money.  All  unearned  grants  should  be 
declared  forfeited  and  rescn·ed  for  actual 
settlers. 

A  nation's wealth  lies  in its soil.  The hum 
_of  machinery  is  heard  only  after  the  field, 
the  forest,  the  mine  have  yielded  their  treas 
ures.  Agriculture  furnishes  by  far the  larg 
est  portion  of  the  wealth  of  the  country. 
These  facts  are  worth taking into  considera 
tion in formulating our future land policy.  Let 
us . hope  that  our  legislators  will  solve  this 
land  question  in  the  near  future  and  in  uch 
a  manner  as  will -insure  to  our country a  con 
tinuation  of  the prosperity that it  has enjoyed 
in  the  past. 

Washington  Irving. 

WM.  ENDERS,  PHI  DELTA  THETA  FRATERNITY. 

There  is  a  beauty  about  the  fame  and 
character  of vVashington  Irving  that  makes 
us  contemplate  them  with  an  ever,increasing 
delight.'  Few  men  have  such  a  personal 
identification  with  their  literary  composition, 
or  have  combined  with  admiration  of  their 
genius  that  welcome  into  the  purest  affec 
tions  of  their  readers. 
·The  repetition  of 
that  name  never  becomes  tiresome.  No · 
caprice  of  fashion  tempts  us  to  put  it  aside 
in  favor  of some  new  idol. 

the 

lr\'ing began  his  career  almost  with  the 
beginning  of  the present century.  The first 
rich  vein  of  humor 
indications  of  his 
appeared  in  the"] onathan  Oldsty le  Letters" 
published  in 
ilforning  Cltronicle  in 
1802.  His  health  at  this  time  being  some 
what  impaired,  he  spent  a  few  years  travel 
ing  in  Europe.  Shortly  after  his  return  to 
this  country he  wrote  the  charming  papers 
in  "Salmagundi,"  which  at once  establi  bed _ 
his  ·  reputation  as  a  shrewd · observer·  of 

c 

THE  SPECULUM. 

. ociety, a  graphic delineator  of  manners, and 
a  moral  teacher  whose  quaint  humor  kindly 
It  was 
tempered  the  bitterness  of  hi  wit. 
not,  howe,·er,  until 
the  appearance  of 
"Knickerbocker.,  that  his  unique  powers  in 
thi  direction  were  displayed,  giving  that 
promise  of  a  golden  harvest  which  has  been 
redeemed  so  many  times  in  hi  various  pro 
ductions. 

With  his  ucce  sive  pt1blications  a  new 
intellectual  character  was  dis 
phase  of  hi 
played,  but  without  any  decrea  e  of 
the 
admiration  which  had  already  stamped  him 
as  a  favorite.  "The Sketch Book," "Brace 
bridge  Hall,"  and  "Tales  of  a  Traveler" 
reYealed  a  magic  felicity  of  description  and 
pathetic  tendernes.  which  gave  a  more  mel 
low  beauty  to  hi 
composition;  while  his 
"Life of  Columbus"  establi. hed  his  reputa 
tion  for  unrivaled  skill  in  sustaining  the  con 
tinued  intere ·t  of  a  narrati,·e. 

Between  the date  of  Irving's fir  t  publica 
tion  in  "Salmacrundi,"  and  that  of  his  last, 
"Life  of  Wa. hington,"  America  ha  pro 
duced  a  literature  of  her  own,  and  England 
has  renewed  her  literary  youth. 
In Irving's 
boyhood  America had  carcely  half  a  dozen 
In  his  old  age  . he  could 
writers of  note. 
boast of such  hi  torians as Bancroft,  Pre  cott 
and  Motley;  of  such  poet.  a  Longfellow 
and  Bryant;  of  Cooper  in  fiction;  of Emer 
son,  and  many  other ethical  writer. .  Eng 
land,  11lso,  has  !"lot  been 
The 
eighteenth  century produced  but  three great 
historians;  the  nineteenl h,  thrice  that  m11n 
ber.  Byron  may  not  be  the  greatest  poet  of 
the  nineteenth  century  hut  he  i  greater 
than  any  the eighteenth  produced. 
In  such 
able  hands  a 
ir  John  Herschel, 
science  has produced  a  literature  of  its  own. 

those  of 

fruitless. 

To have attained the position which Irving 
ha  won  among such  competitors,  in  an  age 
which  forgets  as  read ii y  as 
it  applauds,  is 
the  lot  of  few .  During  the  half  century  in 
which  his  pen  was  at  work,  many  bright 
lights grew dim.  His 
till  shine  on,  and, 
notwithstanding  the  many rivals  which  h~ve 

burst  upon  our  view,  no  one  has  shown  a 
di  po  ition  to  extinguish  it. 

In effect,  Irving  is  already  installed  upon 
the  helves  as  a  clas  ic.  His  smooth,  flowing 
tyle  makes  him  worthy  to  be  read  by  every 
man.  Be  hi 
theme  what  it  may,  whether 
a  "Dutch  tea  and  turnout"  or  a  "Siege  of 
Granada,"  a  "Prairie fire"  or  :i  "Yorkshire 
Christnrns dinner,"  we  find  the  same  charm 
ing style. 
it  is  not 
It does  not  extend  far; 
Tt  has,  musi 
a  style  for  profound  subjects. 
cally  peaking,  but one . et  of  keys,  and  can 
giYe  but  little  meaning  to passages  requiring 
di:ipason  grandeur or  trumpet stop.  It better 
expres  e.  ballad  mu . ic,  or,  perh:ips,  even  the 
mellifluous  cadences  of  Bellini,  or  the  glid 
ing  graces  of  Haydn.  Therefore  it  cannot 
be  called  a  perfect  style;  hut  in  its  proper 
track  it  Aow  on  "unhasting,  yet  unresting, 
with  the  musical  ripple  of  a  oft  murmur." 

land. 

In·ing  is  peculiarly  a  "national  writer." 
He  has  sought  hi 
inspiration  in  the  iakes 
and  stream  ,  the  hills  :ind 
,·alleys  of  his 
1  o  poet  has  succeeded  in 
natiYe 
throwing  such  a  pell  of  romance  around 
our  familiar  scenery.  By  his  pen  the  lordly 
heights  of  the  Hudson  have  become  classic 
Ile  h:i.  peopled  every  forest  dell 
ground . 
with  the  weird  being  of  hi 
fancy .  Al 
though  he  loved  the  beauties  of  his  nati,·e 
land,  he  corned  that  narrowne  s  of  exclu 
sive  partiality.  He gathered  that  which  is 
precious  :ind  beautiful  from  e\·ery  country, 
finding  material  for  his  gorgeous  pictures  in 
the  anc1:stral  glories  of  England'  castles  as 
well  as  :ilong  the  banks  of  his  native  riYer. 

In·ing's  moral  character  commands  the 
admiration  of all  men.  Tllere  is  something 
that  makes Irving and Scott personally loved 
by  their  thousands  of  renders  who  know 
comparatively  little  :ibout  their  real  person 
It is  ome  quality in what they wrote. 
ality. 
Each  may  define  it  a  he  will,  but  however 
we  may  estimate  it,  there  is  no  way  of 
accounting 
influence  without 
In  his  tribute  to  Irving,  the 
this  quality. 
noble  Thackeray, who  understQod  wdl the 

for  Irving'. 

THE  SPECULUM. 

I 

real  value  of  mere  literary  merit,  quoted 
Scott's  <ly ing  words  to  Lockhart,  "Be  a 
good  man,  my  dear."  We know  well  that 
the great author  of  "Henry  E  mon<l,"  and 
the  g reat author of "Heart of  Mid- Lothian," 
recog nized  the  neces  ity  of  charity, purity, 
and  faith  in  literature.  These are  benefices; 
and  judge  Irving  as  you  will,  hi 
i  a  benefi 
cent  li terature.  He  loved  a  pure  life;  he 
had  faith 
fellow-being  ;  he  could 
ympathize  with  the  !owe  t  and  was  not 
subservient  to  the  highest. 

in  hi 

The  Benefits  of  Education. 

S.  K.  BOYD,  ECLECTIC  SOCIETY. 

Man  ha 

it  in  his  power  to  make  thi 
world  a  Paradise  of  tranquil  beauty  or  a 
fum ing  hel l  of di  content and misery. 
\ Veil 
had 
hakespcare  reasoned 
the 
when  he said : 

immortal 

" Ignorance is  the curse of God ; 
Know ledge the wing wherewith  we  By  to heaven ." 
Ignorance  and indolence  go  hand  in  hand, 
while  learning  carries  in  its  acquisition  labor 
and  thought. 

Learning by study  must be won: 
'Twas ne'er entailed  from  son to son. 

right 

We  see  all  about  us  the  re  ult  of  the 
work  of  ed ucation.  How  va  tly  different 
the  people  of  this, our own lovely  land,  from 
the  uned ucated  race  of  the  dark  continent. 
They  delig ht  not  in  peace  and  harmony, 
the  characteri  tic  of  education  and  refine 
ment;  but  rejoice  in  war,  cruelty, and  con 
fu sion.  Among  them 
tr  ddcn 
beneath  the  powerful  foot  of  might,  and 
civil  liberty  i  a  thing  unknown .  vVhy  i 
t his  vast d ifference?  For the  si m pie  rca  on 
that education  and  religion  have  rai  eel  and 
improved  the  minds  of  the  people  of  our 
country  and  created  a  entiment  of  equality 
and  freedom  ;  have  made  it  possible  that 
every  one  who will  but  make  the  effort  may 
have  that  w hich  will  raise  him  aboYe  the 
brute  and  g ive  h im  power over  his  own  el 
s  Webster 
and  inclination  . 
fish  desire 

is 

aid: 

"  It  is  on! y  religion  and  morals 

ha 
and  knowledge  that  can  make  men  respect 
able  and  happy  under  any  form  of  govern 
ment." 

The de  ire fo1·  education becomes more and 
more general as ci,·ilization  progresses.  The 
mind of man  eeks tori  c above the finite and 
reach  out towards  the  infinite.  The trained 
mind  sees  in  the  still  night,  not  on ly  specks 
of  light,  but  numerous  '"'·oriels  that  roll  in 
maje  tic  splendor  through  the  vast  realm  of 
space. 
It  has  measured  them  and  defined 
their  course in the heaven  .  Knowledge has 
enabled  man  to  harne  - the  vapor  and  com 
pel  them  to do  hi  will;  it  has  enabled  him 
to  bring  the  lightning  from  it 
throne  of 
terror in  the  sky,  to  carry  his  me  sages  over 
continent  and  under  ocean  with  a rapidity 
that  is  rivaled  only  by  the  tran  mis  ion  of 
light. 

Knowledge  is  power,  and  tho  c  who  pos 
ess  it  hold  an  influence  over, and a power  to 
wa  , less  educated  minds  than  their  own. 
The  use  of  this power for  the ach·anccment 
of  mankind  will  paye  the  way  to  peace  and 
prosperity for  tho ·e  to  whom it  results  may 
It  is  true,  education  makes a  bad 
de  cend. 
man  wor  e; but its tendency i  not to degrade 
men. 
If  a  per  on  is  not  bad  beyond  the 
reach  of·  any  influence  he  will  be  benefited 
by  educ~tion.  Tbe influence  for good great 
ly  overbalance  and  holds in  check the  light 
increa  e  of 
is 
proYed  by  the steady  increase  of  civilization 
where  there  is  increa  c of  educational  advan 
tage. 

influence  for  wrong .  Thi 

E  lucation  i 

the  fir ·t  principle  of  every 
free  government.  Monarch  hear  its  voice 
and  trern ble  on  their de  po tic  thrones.  The 
greatnes  of  ancient  Greece  wa  clue,  not  to 
her  plenclor and  magnificence, not to her vast 
territory  and  innumerable  strong-hold  ,  but 
to  her  wise  teachers,  her  great  . cholars,  and 
\Vhile the people 
her intelligent  tate  men. 
listened  to  their teaching  she  flourished  and 
prospered; and  be  fell  only  when  her  citi 
zen  became  engros  eel  in  the  gayetie  and 

66 

THE  SPECULUM. 

ic 

luxuries  of  the  barbarians  and  refused  to  lis 
\Vhat 
ten  to  the  admonitions  of  wi  dom. 
charm  would  all  her  ancient  greatness  hold 
for  u  were  it  not  for  her  cla 
literature 
and  the great principle  and  law ·  of  science 
di  coYered  by  her  immortal  philosopher  ? 
They haYe  been  handed  down  through  the 
age  , and form the foundation of the literature 
and  science  of  our  own  times. 
Wherever  civilization 

reigns,  whereYer 
equal  right and  liberty hold their  way, there 
you  will  find  education  courted  and  ought. 
The  fir  t  work  of  our  Pilgrim  father  on 
arriving  in  the  New  \V orld  was  to  build 
school-hou  e  and  e  tabli ·h  churche  .  The 
rcsu lt  is  a  nation  which  is  excelled  by  no 
other  that the sun  hine  upon; a land of  free 
schools  and  college  ;  a  land  of  ciYil  and  re 
ligious  liberty;  a land where harmony reigns. 
Our country stands  at  the head of ciYilization 
only  becau  e  of  its  great  educational  advan 
institutions  are  surpassed  by 
tages.  Our 
tho  e  of  no  other  nation.  Let  us 
triYe  to 
adyance  and  maintain  them  that  we  may 
ever  see  our  nation  enrolled  first 
the 
record  of  education,  refinement  and  civili 
zation. 

in 

CIENTIFIC. 

Natural  History  S ociety. 

of  ome 

the  re  ult 

At  the  meeting  of  the  i  atural  History 
Society  on  October 18th, Mr. C.  B. vValdron 
intere  ting 
reported 
experiment  made  to  determine  the  source 
of  acridity  in  plants. 
It is  well  known  that 
some  plants,  notably  the  Indian  turnip,  are 
very  acrid.  Dr.  Stahl, a  German  hotani  t, 
has  advanced  the  theory  that  this  acri lity  is 
due  to  the  presence  in  the  plant of  certain 
cry  tals,  which  when  eaten  penetrate  the 
tongue  and  gum 
and  produce  a  burning 
ir.  \Valdron  tc~ted  fuchsia, 
sensation. 
tradescantia  ,  and  cacti,  and found  that while 
they  contained  these  cry  tals,  they  were  not 
acrid.  He al  o  separated  the  crystals  from 
<111  acrid  plant  by  filtration  and  found  that 

the  acridity  still  remained.  He  therefore 
thought that  acridity  is  not  caused  by  the 
cry  tals,  although  it  is a  noticeable  fact  that 
that  portion  of  the  plant  which  contains  the 
mo  t  cry  tals  is  the  most  acrid. 

fr.  Butterlield  gave  the  results  of  hi 

study  of  the  Brown  Rot  of  plums.  This 
disea ·e  is  not confined  to  plum  ,  but  attacks 
cherric  ,  pears and  apple  . 
or  is  it  confined 
the  twigs  and 
it  attacks 
to  the  fruit,  a 
leaves  a ·  well.  The  disease  is  propagated 
by  pore  .  These  arc  wa  bed  or  blown 
from  di  eased  fruit  upon  unaffected  fruit, 
transmit  the 
and  under  fayorable  condition 
disease.  The fruit,  when  attacked,  become 
brown,  then dry  and  shriveled .  The  twigs 
become dark  and  soft. 
In  order to  carefully 
study  the  growth  of  the  spore  ,  Mr.  Butter 
field  attempted  to  cultivate  them  in  water 
and  in  pear  juice, but  found  that on ly  those 
in pear  juice  fully  developed .  He  found 
that  cvcral  mycelia may  tart from  the  same 
, pore, but  u  ually  only  one  i · developed. 
It 
ha  been  asserted  that  the  c  mycclia  can 
penetrate  the  fruit,  even  though  the  skin 
firm  and  uninjured.  To  test  this,  Mr. 
Butterfield  punctured  the skin  on  one side  of 
a  plum  and  owed  some  spores  upon  the 
injured  urface.  He also  sowed  ome . pores 
on  the  uninjured  side.  The  plum  became 
affected  with  the  di  ea  e  only  on  the  punc 
tured  side. 

Mr. 

iswander  revi.ewed 

the  work  of 
Prof. Forhe  of Illinois relating .to contagiou 
di  ca  e  of  in  ccts. 
ion  which 
followed.  Dr.  Mayo  de  cribed  nmous 
method  of  rearing  microbes,  with  especial 
isolation  of  pathogenic 
reference  to 
Yarietic  . 

In  the di  cu 

the 

Dr.  Beal  gave  a  short  talk  on  Curly 
or  Birds-eye  Maple.  This i  mo  t  abundant 
tatc,  especially 
in  the  northern  part  of  the 
along  the  west coast.  On  good  land  in  thi 
region  perhap  one  maple  in  twenty-five 
may  be  affected,  but  on  poor  land  perhap 
not  more  than  one  in  fifty  will  be  affected. 

THE  SPECULUM. 

thought 

The  Indians 

The  affected 
trees  can  be  told  from  the 
others  only  by  removing  the  bark.  On 
doing  this  the  inner  bark  will  be  found  tq 
be  covered by  little  pits  into  which  fit  little 
conical  projections,  which  are  found  on  the 
these 
sap-wood. 
"eyes" were  due  to  injuries  caused  by  birds, 
hence  the  name  "Birds-eye  Maple."  The 
true cause, however, is  not known.  Dr. Beal 
found  that  at  the  bottom  of  each  pit  is  a 
little  yellow  spot,  which  may  have  some 
thing  to  do  with  it  formation . 
In  addition 
to  hard  maple  "birds-eyes"  are  found  in  red 
In 
maple,  silver  maple, beech  and  hickory. 
the  latter the  conical  projections  are  found 
on  the  inner bark,  and  the  pits  in  the  wood. 

Mr.  Himebaugh  gave the result  of obser 
vations  on  the  variation  of  leaves  of  dande 
lion,  afte1  which  Mr .  G.  C .  Davis  read  a 
paper  on  the  whip-tailed  scorpion,  and  Mr. 
U.  P.  Hedrick  read  the  following  paper  on 

PETOSKEY  STONES. 

In  the Devonian strata of rocks  is  found  a 
rich  and  beautiful  assortment of  marine  fos 
sils.  Wherever  this  stratum  crop~ out  there 
is  almost sure to  be  numerous  specimens  of 
one or another  kind  of  corals.  Near Petos 
key is  a  large  lim estone  cliff,  an outcroppin g 
of  this  stratum .  At different  depths in  this 
rock  there  is  a  mass of  blue  clay,  imbedded 
in  which  are  found  the  c_orals  known  a 
"Petoskey  Stones."  These corals  are  found 
at  but few  other  places in  the  United  States 
- or for  that  matter, in  the  world.  A  few 
have  been  found  at places  on the  Ohio riYer, 
and  a  few  more  at  Iowa  City,  Iowa,  but  at 
no  place  in  such  abundance  and  beauty as  at 
Petoskey.  Their proper  place  is  imbedded 
in the  limestone cliffs, but long ages of  wash 
ing  and  dashing · of ·waves  against  the  cliffs 
have  torn  portions  of  them  away,  and  cast 
the  corals  upon  the shore or  in  the  hallow 
water  near  the  shere, where  they lie  spark 
ling  and  glistening  in  the  clear  water,  form 
.ing  not  the  least  att raction  of  the  Petoskey 
·summer resort  . 

l 

inch 

named 

The stones  range from  the size  of  a  man's 
head  to  that  of  a  walnut,  the  most  common 
size  being  that of the  fist.  They are  almost 
invariably  shaped  like a  "patty  pan ."  The 
scientific  name  of  the  most  common  coral  is 
Acervztlaria  Davidsonia, 
from 
Davidson,  a  writer  on  fossils.  The  upper 
the  Acervztlaria  Davidsonia  is 
surface  of 
covered  with  four,  five  and  six  sided  cell s· 
in  diameter. 
about  a  quarter  of  an 
Around  each  cell  is  a  delicate  crenulated 
In the  mid cl le  of  the  cell  there  seem 
wall. 
to  be  a  cylindrical  wall,  which  in  reality 
\l\Tithin  this  apparent  cylin 
does  not exist. 
der sinks  a  pit  about  an  eighth  of  an  inch in 
depth,  with  radiating  lines  running  to  the 
outer  or  six-sided  walls.  These  are  the 
radiating  plates, 
upper  edges  of  vertical 
which  extend  the  whole  depth  of  the  coral 
mass.  The forms  are  quite  beautiful  with 
out polishing,  still  by  polishing certain  inter 
nal  shadows  are  brought out  with admirable 
If the  stone  be  split 
clearness  and  beauty. 
vertically,  and  one  surface  polished,  you  see 
the  entire  face  CO\'ered  with  delicate  lines, 
giving  the  polished  surface  the  appearance 
of finely  woven  cloth. 

Prof.  Winchell  of  the  State  University, 
says :  "It is  quite  wonderful  to  see,  by  the 
aid  of  the  microscope,  the  numerous  para 
sitic  creatures  which  attach  themselves  to 
the Acervztlaria Davidsonia.  The  surface 
was sometime  a  whole  world.  Here a  little 
biYalve  shell  spreads  it 
rootlets  out  and 
makes  it  elf  secure.  Here  are . numerous 
coiled  shell  of  the  cla  s  worms.  Here 
gathered together  in  dense  ma  es  are  little 
corals  consisting  of  comet-shaped  tubelets. 
Another  coral  was  beautiful,  small  and  deli 
cate,  and  so  extremely  fine  that  it  seemed 
almost  like  a  spider-web  trailing  over  the 
surface. 
In  fact  one  finds  an  amazing  num 
ber of  variations  in  whicheYer  part  he  may 
examine  the  stone. 

Besides  the Acervularia Davidsonia there 
is  another fine  coral  found  on  the  shores  of 
It  is  called  Favosites 
Little  Traverse Bay. 

68 

THE·  SPECULUM. 

Alpenensis. 
It  is  shaped 
like  a  potato, 
round ish  or  oblong,  and · is  covered  with 
small  cell-mouths  which  are  nearly  circu lar 
in  outlin e,  but  are  often  angular  in  shape 
fr om  mutual  crowding.  When  the stone i 
the  tubes 
split  and  one  surface  polished, 
which  run  through  it  can  be  seen  very 
clearly. 

These  two  corals  are  the  corals  distinctly 
known as  "Petoskey  Stones,"  but the sum 
mer  tourist  finds  both  in  the  shops  of  the 
lapid arist,  and  on  the beach, many  specimens 
which  r ival  them in  bea uty  but  not in  abun 
In  the  shops  the  stones  are  ground 
dance. 
on  rapidly  revolving  grindstones  into  many 
different  shapes, such  as  that  of  the  heart,  a 
book,  a  paper-weight,  a  shoe,  or  are  mod 
eled  after  almost  any  object  t he  designer 
may  desire.  After  being  ground  they  are 
polishe<l  by  rubbing  them rapidly on  woolen 
cloth  saturated  w ith oxalic  acid.  They  are 
the  show-cases, 
then  tastily  arranged 
am!d,  perhaps,  rare  and  beautiful  specimens 
from  all  parts  of the  globe.  The stones  are 
now  for  sale,  and  the  law  of  adaptation  to 
in  the 
s urroun_dings 
dealer's  stony  heart  as  he  g ives  the  stones 
-some  absurd  name  and  sells  them for four  or 
five  times  their  value. 

illustrated 

is  nicely 

in 

On the  beach, arranged  by  Dame Nature, 
sti ll  they  lie,  mingled  with  stones  of  almost 
all  hues,  their  beauty  brought  out  all  the 
In  fact  it is  here  that 
more  by  the  contrast. 
they  show  the  most  beauty,  eit her  as  they 
lie  sparklipg  and glistening in  the clear water 
or  as  they  are  tossed  hither  and  thither  by 
monster  waves  in  which  they  sparkle  only 
for  a  second,  and  then  are  supplanted  by 
those  of  more  b rilli ant hue. 

Mechanical  Club. 

The  meeting of the  Mechanical Club,  held 
October  4,  was  one  of  unu sual  interest. 
Although  young  in  years,  this  society  is 
destined  to take  a  place in college  affairs par 
allel  w ith  that held  by  the  Natural  History 

f. 

Society.  Following  is  a  brief  abstract  of 
the  program: 

Mr.  \IV.  Hall read  an article  on  the Brook 
ly n  Bridge.  The great task  was  undertaken 
to  satisfy  the  demands  of  New  York  and 
Brooklyn  for  rapid  comm unication.  One of 
the  early  supporters  of  the  scheme  was  Mr. 
William  Kingsley.  Success  is  due  to  the 
energy a nd  ab ility  of  the  eng ineers, John A. 
R mblin g  and  his  son.  Th e  paper contained 
a detailed  account  of  the  work  of  construc 
tion . 

A  paper  on  Brick  Making  by  Mr.  vVillis 
E . Chapman  contained the following points: 
Art of brick-making  is  forty  centuries  old; 
was  known  to  Romans  and  Egyptians. 
U niform  siz es  were  established  by  Charles 
I.  The  methods  of  manufacture  vary  in 
different  climates.  Machine  brick  do  not 
equal  the  hand-made  article.  The  industry 
must  grow as  forests  are  cleared  away-. 

The Di ving  Bell  was  the  subject  of  an 
essay  by  Mr.  E.  P.  Safford.  This  is  no 
modern invention,  for  it was known in  prin 
ciple  350 years  ago.  Lasi ver  mentions  see 
ing  two  Greeks  go  down  into  the  water  ·in 
an inverted vessel  without getting  wet.  The 
principle is  very  simple.  The vessel  is  con 
stantly  supplied  w ith  air,  and  thus  the  water 
is  excl uded .  To  illustrate :  float  a  lighted 
candle  on  the  water,  cover  with  a  glass  cup 
and  force  into  the  water;  the  candle  con 
tinues  to  burn.  The early  diving bells were 
very  crud e-made  of  wood.  They  were 
sent to  the  sudace for  fresh  air.  L ater  air 
was  sent down in  casks.  The  modern  div 
ing  bell  is  an  iron  box haYing a constant sup 
ply  of  fresh  air pumped  to  it.  Used  much 
in  p reparing  surface  for  foundations.  Ope 
rators  suffer  from 
increased  atmospheric 
pressure  if  the  bell is  lowered  rapid! y. 

Prof.  Holdsworth  gave  an  interesting  and 
instructive  talk  on  drawing 
instruments, 
with  several  illustrations.  He  showed  the 

THE .  SPECULUM. 

relative value of  several  instruments in  most 
common  use.  Lieut.  Simpson  and  several 
others  followed  with  excellent  suggestion 
on  the purchase,  use  and care of  in  truments. 
Mr.  Percy  Barlow  gaYe  a  select  reading 
on  the  method  of  producing  aluminum  by 
means  of  the  electric current. 

instantly  the  rock  crumbled.  The task  till 
remained  of  removing 
the  broken  rock, 
which  requ ired  300,000 pounds  of powder 
a  much  as  was  used  in  the  original  explo 
sion .  This  work  of  ten  years co  t  the  gov 
ernment $1,000,000,  but  the  benefit  deriYed 
supersede  the  great  cost. 

this  pa  sage. 

A  paper was read  by  Mr.  J.  R.  McColl 
on  the  Flood-gate  explosion  at  Hell-gate, 
New  York .  This  dangerour,  pas  age  wa 
known 
to  the  early  Dutch  sailors,  who 
called  it Hurl-gate.  The  name  has  suffered 
transformation  into  Hell-gate, a  1~ore appro 
priate  name  from  a  sailor's  point  of  Yiew. 
As early  a  1848  Congress  began  to  agitate 
the  improvement  of 
Some 
minor improYements  were made.  The great 
ta  k  of  removing  Flood-rock,  which,  at  its 
highest  point,  stand  250  feet  abon  the 
water,  began  at  a  much  later  date.  This 
rock consist  of hornblende gneiss, containing 
~eins of  quartz .  The  ection  cut,  twenty 
six  feet  below  low  tide,  has  an  area  of  nine 
acres.  A  shaft wa  sunk  near  the  center  of 
the · island,  sixty-four  feet  below  low  tide. 
From this excavations were made  in all  direc 
tions,  care  being  taken  to  follow  the  contour 
of  the  surface.  When  the  work  of  excava 
tion  was  completed,  80,166  cubic  yards  of 
solid  rock,  or  two-uinths  of  the  entire  mass, 
had  been  removed.  ·  That  which  remained 
was  a  roof  from 
ten  to  twenty-four  feet 
thick,  and  467  pillars  fifteen  feet  square. 
These  were  drilled  with  13,286  holes  to 
receive  the  explosives,  care  being  taken  that 
the  bla  ted  rock  should be in  nearly uniform 
pieces.  The explosive u  eel  was rack-a-rock, 
a  compound  of  chlorate  of  potash  and  cli 
nitro-benzole.  Thi  was  put into  cartridges 
containing  six  pounds.  The  paper  gave  a 
complete description  of  the  electric  arrange 
ments  for  discharging  the explosi,·es.  When 
all  was  arranged  the  passages  were  flooded 
with  water.  At  r 1 :14  A.  M.,  October  ro, 
2885,._the  little  daughter  of  Chief-Engineer 
Gen.  Newton  closed  the  local  ciu:rent,  and 

Mr.  C .  P .  Hulburd  ga\'e  an  interesting 
talk  on  Wire and  it  Insulation.  He prefaced 
hi 
the 
talk  by  giving  a  cogiparison  of 
amount  of  wire  used  in  . this  country  and 
other 
for  electrical  purpose  .  He  then 
spoke  of  the  prominence  into  which  copper 
wire was coming for telegraph and  telephone 
purpose  ,  giying  as  the  reason  it  superior 
conductivity.  He then  poke  of  the  methods 
of  measuring,  and  gave  a  comparison  of  the 
seyeral  gauge 
the 
methods of  insulation, illustrating  by samples 
of bare  and  insulated  wire. 

in  use.  He  spoke  of 

vVe  are  indebted  to  Prof.  Durand  for  the 

following  de  cription  of 

THE  NEW  DYNAMO. 

The dynamo  which  has  been  under  con 
struction  in  the  Machine  Shop  during  the 
summer  and fall  terms,  was completed Octo 
ber  21,  and  has  since  reguhu·ly  furnisl{et! 
light for  the  machine  and  wood  shops. 

It  is  an 

The general  intere  t  which  is  taken  in  it 
will  perhaps  warrant  a  somewhat  cletailed 
incandescent-light 
description. 
lamps, 
dynamo,  with  a  capacity  of  fifty 
requiring  fifty  volts  each .  The  winding  is 
what is  technically  termed  "shunt."  ThRt 
is,  the  current  developed  m 
the  RrmRture 
to  one  main  connection,  where  it 
flows 
divides  into  two  portion  ,  one of  which  goes 
around  the  field-magnet,  thus  maintaining 
the  magnetic  field,  while  the  other  flows 
through  the  lamp circuit  ,  mi  ing  the  carbon 
filaments  to incancle. cence,  and  thus furni  b 
ing  the  light.  The  e  two  portions  then 
unite  at the other main connection and  thence 
flow  to  the  armature,  thus  completing  the 
eritire  circuit. 

• 

THE  SPECULUM. 

The  lamps  are  arranged  in  five  independ 
ent  circuits,  any  or  all  of  which  may  be 
thrown  in  or  out  at  the  switch board.  Two 
of  these  circuits  light  the  machine shop,  and 
three  the  wood  shop.  A  lamp  circuit  con 
sist  of  two  wire  strung  along  together, or 
parallel, whence  the  name  usually  given  to 
this  kind  of  distribution- " in  parallel." 
Bridging  across  between  these  wires  are 
placed  the  cords  carrying  the  current  to  the 
lamps,  and  at  ti  ~ir  ends  the  lamps  them 
selves.  By  the simple attachment of  a  little 
cylinder  of  wood  to  the cord,  the  lamps  are 
readily  adjustable  to  any  height; and  as  each 
machine  is  furnished  with  one, the  light  may 
be placed  where  most  needed  for  the  work 
in  hand. 

It is  a  peculiarity  of  this  method  of distri 
bution,  that in  order  to have  all  lamps  burn 
with  equal  brightness, whether  many  or  few 
are  turned  on  in  a  circuit,  the  difference  of 
potential  between  the  main  wires  should  be 
constant.  This requi1·es  the  development  of 
a constant electro-motive force in  the dynamo. 
This  requires that the product of the strength 
of  the field  by the  reYolutions should  remain 
constant.  The  engine  is  usually  controlled 
by a  governor,  and  therefore  the  revolutions 
'1-vill  usually  remain  constant,  or  nearly  so. 
II ence  the  strength  of  the  field  must  remain 
constant;  and,  that  this  may  be so,  the  same 
current  must always  flow  through  it.  But 
it  will  be  remembered  that  the  current com 
ing  from  the armature divides  into two  main 
branches,  one  only  of  which  trm·erses  the 
field  coils.  This  is  the  current  which  must 
remain  constant. 

I  ow  it is  a  principle  governing  the  bifur 
in 
cation  of  a  current  that  the  parts  are 
\'ersely  proportional  to the  resistances  of  the 
two parts  of  the  circuit.  Of these two parts 
the  field  remains  con  tant,  while  the  other 
Yaries  with the  number  of  lamps  thrown  in, 
and  since  ench  lamp  furnishes  another cha11-
nel  for  the passage  of  the  current, it  follows 
that this  resistance  will  be  great  with  a  few 
lamps,  a·nd  small  with  many.  With  few 

lamps, 
then,  the  lamp  resistance  will  be 
large,  and  the  total  resistance  of  the  double 
circuit  large,  and  hence  the  current  small. 
Of  this current,  however,  by  the  principle 
above,  a  large fraction  will  be  sent  through 
the  field.  W ~ have,  then,  in  this case, going 
through  the  field,  a  larg ..  fraction  of  a  small 
current.  With  many. lamps  it  would  appear 
in  the  same  way  that  we  should  have  a 
smaller  fraction  of  a  larger  current,  and  it  is 
easy  to show  mathematically  that  in  fact  the 
field  current will  be  the  same  in  each  case, 
no  matter how  many  lamps  may  be  turned 
on  or  off. 

In  the  above, the  resistance  of  ~he  arma 
ture  has  been  omitted . 
Its  presence  will 
cause  a  very  slight departure  from  the  exact 
rnle  as  developed  above,  but only  slight,  and 
if  the  armature  resistance  is  small, it  will  be 
practically  unappreciable.  Accorcli,1gly,  in 
dynamos  of this  type,  for  this  among  other 
rensons,  the  armature  resistance  is  made  as 
small  as  possible,  and  in  the  shop dynamo 
is  about one-fifth  of  an  ohm. 

The  above  will  serve  in  an  elementary 
way  to  show  how  it  is  that  with  the  engine 
going  at a  constant speed  the dynamo is  self 
governing,  giving the  same  brilliancy to  one 
light,  a dozen,  or fifty. 

The  castings,  armature  and  commutator 
were obtained  in  Chicago  at  a  cost -of  $180. 
The  cost  of  the  dynamo  finished  is  $475, 
the difference  representing  the  value  of  the 
work  put  upon  it  here. 
Several  changes 
were  made  in  proportion  and  design  as  in 
tended  by  the  dealer,  and  with  apparently 
good  results,  since  the  full  electro-motive 
force  is  obtained on  about  i,l)oo  revolutions 
per  minute ;111d  fifty-five  pounds  wire  in  the 
field,  instead  of  2,000  revolutions  and  sixty 
two pound$, ns  were called for by the dealer's 
directions . 

The wiring  of the  buildings, putting  up of 
the  lamps,  sockets, etc.,  was  all  done  by  the 
;.hop  force,  so  that  the in.,tallation as a  whole 
stands  very  nearly  entire  as  an  example  of 
home  industry.  Taken  altogether, the plant 

• 

THE  SPECULUM. 

is  a  great addition to the  shops, besides show 
iug  to  what practical  purposes  student-labor, 
·under proper  guidance,  may  be  turned. 

THE  Sf'E GBll BM. 

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AGRICULTURAL  COLLEGE,  Nov.  10,  1889. 

WE  apologize  for 

the  many  slips  111 
proof-reading  that  appeared  m  the  October 
SPECULUM.  The  truth  is,  all  the  Board 
were  not in  College  at  the  ti me,  and  those 
who  remained  were  obliged  lo  do  double 
duty,  hence,  111 
the  necessary  hurry,  errors 
wel'e  overlooked . 

Now  that  the  local  oratorical  contest  is 
fresh  in  the  minds  of  the  M.  A.  C.  students, 
it  may  not be  inappropriate  to  again  ag-itate 
the  scheme  of  organizing  a  State  Inter 
Collegiate  Oratorical  Association.  Organi 
this  kind  exist  rn  other  states. 
zations  of 
Are  the  colleges  of  Michigan  any  less  enter 
prising than  their sister institutions?  If they 
are;noWolverinewill  admit  it;  hut  if  we 

would  maintain  our position  among  the  col 
leges  of  the  country,  this  qualification  mus 
not  be  neglected.  The  good  that  follovv 
from  an  intimate  connection  of  the  colleges 
of  the  state  is  too  apparent  to  need  enum 
eration. 

In  the fall  of  1887  the students of  this  col 
lege  appointed  a  committee  whose  duty  i 
was  to  take  steps  looking  toward  the  forma 
tion  of  an  inter-collegiate  oratorical  associa 
tion.  The plan  was  to  make  the  contest; 
feature  of  our  field-days.  Though  no  sati 
factory  reason  was  set forth,  the  idea  seems 
to  have  been  unfavorably  entertained.  We 
are  afraid  that  indifference  constituted  the 
chief  cause  of  its  rejection.  The  project  i 
worthy  of  another consideration, and thougl 
it  is  now  too  late  to  make  proper  arrange 
ments  for  having  such  a  contest at  our  nex 
field-day,  committees  might  be  appointed,  a 
constitution  drafted,  and  matters  put  unclc1 
way  for  an  oratorical  contest  111 
the  spring 
of  '91.  Let  u 

try . 

FoR  the  benefit of  those  who do  not  fu ll) 
understand  the  difficulties  existing 
the 
settlement of  the  late  oratorical  contest,  we 
give  the  following  explanation : 

111 

The constitution  provides  that  the  mark 
ings  of  the  judges  shall  be  on  the  scale  of 
It says  further,  "The  grades  of  eacl 
100. 
judge shall  be  ranked  r,  2,  3,  etc.  The  ora 
tor  ranked  first  by  four  or  more  judges shal 
If  no  orator  1s  so 
be awarded first  honors. 
ranked  first,  the  orator  the  sum  of  whose 
ranks  is  least shall  receive  first  honors."  vVe 
give  the  markings  of  the  judges,  with  the 
ranks  and 
the 
evening  of  the  contest: 

results,  as  announced  on 

.l\AMES. 

Wa;;:;:;~=:~ W 75 75 536 1 SP m 92121  •s 
2 
fh1 bcnck ... ....•...•........  96  85 86 
1  3
18 
1 
Hall ............. .. .........  95  6' 92)4 3 
6
'>9)4 
6 
65  84  It  5  4 
12  2i}f 
\Vard ... ...... .... ........... 97
1
~~~ter·ti·~~'.'..:::::::.:::::::: ~~.~ ~~Y:;I~  ~  ~  ~g ~ ~~ ~  ~  !  ~ 
= 

7
5 
7
f>G  64  79 4)4 5 

~.>.)of  33~, •  4

,  ~146 665~ 7

>2 

~ 

THE  SPECULUM. 

It will  be  noticed  that  whenever  a  judge 
has  marked  two  or  more  tie,  these  orators 
have  been  placed  midway betwe<!n  the  ranks 
whjch  the  highest  and  lowest  would  have 
occupied  had  there  been  no such  tie. 

On  the other  hand, it  is claimed  that  when 
tvvo  or  more  are  marked  equal  by  any  judge 
they  should  both be put  in  the  regular  rank 
together, and all  those coming after advanced 
a  rank . 
\Ve  give  the  rankings  and  res ults 
following  from  this  made  of  procedure: 

NAME~. 

Composition. 

RANK. 

D elivery .  I ~ j 
- - - - -E e  
I cE'2 

RANK. 

\ \ "aters  ..........................•.....  5 
Babcock .. ... ...... ... ... . . . .. . . . . ......  2 
Hall  .............. ...... ........... .......  3 
Ward ..... ..................•...........  1 
Butterfield.. ..... ...... ...... .........  4 
Fox .. ....................................  G 

3 
1 
6 
1i 
2 
4 

6 
3 
l 
4 
5 
2 

1 
4 
3 
4 
2 
5 

2 
3 
3 
4 
J 
5 

i 

The results  differ  widely  enough . 
The  proposition  is  now  made  to  amend 
he  constitution. 
\Vhile we  are  m  favor  of 
changing  the manner of  marking, we believe 
that  not  one  of  the  new  scheme 
free 
It is  proposed  to a·scertain 
from  objections. 
he  standing  of  each  orator  by  taking  the 
sum  of  his  percentages. 
In.  providing  for 
wo separate  sets  of  judges  the  intention  is 
hat  composition  and  delivery  ~hall  have 
equal  weight  in  determining  the  best  orator. 
Thi s  is  as  it should  be;  hut  when  the  stand 
ng is  indicated  by  the  sum  of  all  the  per 
centages,  this  distinction  no  longer  exists; 
md,  as  will  be  seen  by  examining  the  first 
able,  the  s um  of  an  orator's  percentages 
11ight  give  him  first  honors,  though  he  be 
ower  than  another  when  composition  and 
delivery are  offset,  each  to  each.  W oulcl  it 
10t be better  to  rank  the  sums  of  the  p er 
centages in  composition  and  the sums  of  the 
percentages  ll1  delivery  separately,  and  then 
let  the sum  of each  orator's  two  ranks deter-
11ine  his  final  position? 

IN  the  Jllliclzigan  Farmer  of  October  i9, 
lppeard  an  article  strongly  condemning  the 
College,  and  especially  the president,  for  the 
appearance  in  the Harrow  of  certain  saloon 
advertisements.  While  the  true  purpose  is 

not,  as  purported,  a  moral  one,  the  prime 
object being  a stealthy  attack  because of  the 
removal  of the  former  professor  of  agricul 
ture,  impressions  of  the most  erroneous  kind 
are  made  upon  the  mind  of  a  reader  unafi:.: 
quaintecl  with  the  true  circumstances.  THIE 
SPECULUM  begs  leave  to  say  a  few  words 
with  reference  to  some  of  the state ments  of 
this article. 

,· 

it. 

It is further  claimed  that the  fac 

The  false  idea  is  carried  that the  I-farrow 
is  the  publication  of  the  College;  that  it  1s 
" semi-official,"  as  the  writer  is  pleased  to 
It  has  been  customary  for  each 
call 
sophomore  class  to  put out  charing  the  sum 
mer  term  a  book  known  as  the  Harrow. 
Each  class  consults  its  own  interests  as  to 
whether  it  will  or  will  not  publish  thip 
annual. 
that  the 
It  cannot  be  claimed 
sophomore  class  repre ·en ts  the  College,  for 
it  constitutes  but  about  one-fourth  of  the 
students. 
ulty  mu st  have  known  what  was  to  appear 
in the Harrow, since they excused the  editors 
from  labor  that  the  work  of  publication 
might be  carried  on.  vVhat sophistry I  The 
Harrow  board  were  exe mpted  from  labor 
on  the  departments  and  allowed  to  go  to 
Lansing, but  does  it  necessarily  follow  that 
the  faculty  were  aware  upon what particular 
the  objectionable  aclverfr;ements 
occasion 
were  obtained?  The fact  is  the faculty knew 
absolutely  nothing  .concerning  what  adver 
tisements  were  to  appear  till  the  books  wei·e 
printed,  and  for  the  most part distributed.  It 
is  not only  unjust,  but  absurd,  to  charge "to 
the  whole College what a  single  class  is  re 
sponsible fur, and vvhat the students as  a  body 
and  the faculty  severely  condemn. 

As  has been  said,  the  object  of  that  mali 
cious  article  is not  to  expose  the internal  rot~ 
tennes  which  the  writer  pretends  to  believe 
exists. 
It too plainly  appears  that  the  pre 
tended  examiner's secret  motive  is  a  malevo 
lent spite  against  the  College  authorities  for 
their action  in  the  Johnson  trouble.  W ·hat 
has  the  following,  for  example,  to  do  with 
discountenancing  the  appearance  cif  "whisky 

r 

TIIE  SPECULUM. 

73 

th an 

in competency, 

ads."  in  the .l-larrow:  "It may  be more  con 
sonant  with  lhe  moral  standards  that  deter 
mine  the  action  of  the  said  Board  (of  Agri 
culture) 
to  demand  the  resignation  of  an 
incompetent profeshor, in  the  absence  of  any 
to 
evidence  provin g 
offend  a  patronizin g  liq uor-cl ealer  or  excl ude 
the  aloon  influence  from  t he  Coll ege. 
It 
looks  as  though  a  B oard  that  will  perpetrate 
the  absolute  tyrann y  that  characterized  the 
treatment  of  a  late  member  of  the  faculty, 
will  be  in capable  of 
those  deli cate  moral 
instinct  that  w o uld  g uard  the  yout h  of  the 
College  against  contact with  the  ·aloon .  The 
moral  obliquity  that would  admit as evide nce 
a  'secret  circular,'  anonymous  and  as  fu ll  of 
false  statements,  misrepresentations  of  facts, 
and  libelous  in sinuati ons  as  any document of 
rece nt  times,  would  hardl y  be  expected  to 
apply  a  prohibitory  law,  eyen  to  a n  in stitu  
tion  of  learning-.  The printing  of  the  sa id 
circular, its secret  circulation, and it  presenta 
tion  as  a  filed  bill  of  accusations  without 
sending  a  copy  to  the  accused  that  he  might 
meet  the  c harges,  was  an  indi cation  of  'rot 
tenness'  a nd  of  unpara ll eled  maliciou  ness, 
to  say  the least  of  it."  Here,  in  hi.  frenzy, 
the  writer  unconsciously  drops  t he  mask  of 
moral  zeal  behind  which  he  has  been  se re 
nading, and  unintentiona lly  revea ls  hi s  trne 
color.  The a uth or,  if  h e  really  did  inquire 
into  the  affair,  purposely  misrepresents,  or 
else  liis  a  urn ed  name  of  "Examiner"  is  a 
misnomer. 

Since  writing  the  above  we  haYe  recc i,·cd 
the  following,  which  more  plainly  indi cates 
the  truth in  the  matter : 

On  account  of 

the  m1  representations 
made  in  the 1lficlzig-an  Farmer  of  October 
i9,  i889,  in  an  article  headed  "Something 
Rotten  in  Denmark,"  directed  again  t  the 
President,  Faculty,  and  studen ts  of 
the 
Michigan  _<\g riculturnl  College,  concerning 
the  two  liqu or  ac!Yertisements  published  in 
the  Harro w, we  wish  to  state  that the Presi 
dent and  F aculty,  and  the  st ud ents  not  o n 

the  hoard  of  editors  of  the  }farrow,  knew 
nothin g  whatever  about  the  advertiseme nts 
to  be  published,  and  therefore  certainly  had 
nothing  to  do  with  their  publication .  The 
members of  the  }farrow  Board were  elected 
hy  the  Sophomore  class  (class  of  '9 1 ),  and 
were  give n  unlimited  control, both  in  regard 
to  finances  and  o nten h .  The liqu o r  adver 
tisements  were  taken  from  a  busi;iess  point 
of  view,  as  do  other  similar  coll ege  publica 
tions,  a nd 
the  und er signed ,  as  Eclitor-in 
Chicf  and  Business  1Ianag-er,  respective ly, 
arc  the  ones  upon  w horn  the  blame  hould 
fall. 

J.  L.  POTTER. 
F.  w.  ASHTON. 

COL LEGE  NEWS . 

The term  closes Nove m be r  15. 

Prof.  Anderson  remains  here  during  the  vacation. 

The Zoologica l Department has a  live ow l a nd  a  live 

ha wk. 

The bear and  coyote skins  will  be  mounted  in  th e 

museum. 

Prof  Durand expects to  recreate  in  the  East when 

school  closes. 

Miss  l\Jary  Carpenter,  '88,  is  spending  a  few  days 

on  the grounds. 

Dr. and  Mrs.  Kedzie will spe nd  part of the Jong vaca 

tion  in  'A-'ashington. 

George  Petr ie  of  Ola,  spent  a  few  days  with  his 

brot her,  Wm.  Petrie. 

C.  E.  Burns,  with  '91, 

is  work in g  in  the  Detroit 

Electric Light Works. 

Miss  R.  M.  Proud,  Mrs.  Beal's sister,  starts  soon  for 

a  visit  in  Philadelphia. 

Prof.  Carpenter will  probably spend part of the  win 

ter at Cornell  University. 

Mr.  H.  C.  Conkling  from  Tecumseh  recently  visited 

his  son-i n -law,  Mr.  Dewey. 

Drs.  Beal  a nd  Kedz1e  visi1ed  the Experiment Sta 

tion  at Gray ling,  th e  3d  ult. 

Dr.  Beal  expects to  finish  the  second  volume  of  his 

work on  Grasses this  winter. 

Two things don't fail  to do-pay your board bill, and 

subscribe for THE SPECULUM. 

Dr.  Beal  visited  the Experiment Stations of Baldwin 

and  vValton  about three weeks ago. 

The  Lepidoptera  of  the  l\Ici\Jillan  co llectio n  have 
been  transferred  to  the regular co ll ege cases  and the 
Coleoptera put in their cases. 

74 

THE  SPEC  L  M. 

The  skeletons  of a  chimpanzee,  manatee  and  por 

poise will  reach the college in  a  few  days. 

The  Eclectic  Society gave an  entertainment  at  the 
Capitol  Grange,  Nov.  r.  A  very interesting  program 
is  reported. 

An  auxanometer,  a  machine  for  measuring  plant 
growth,  has  been  madt:  in the shops  for  the  Botanical 
Department. 

Pres.  Clute gave a  reception  to  the  instructors  and 
experiment  station  assistants,  Oct.  11.  A very pleas 
ant time is  reported. 

Prof.  David  Howell,  with  '66,  was elected one of the 
vice-presidents of the State Y.  M. C.  A. at the convention 
at Coldwater last month. 

The  Y.  M.  C.  A.  sent  three  delegates ,  Chas  Ferris, 
J.  H.  F.  Mullett and J.  R.  McColl,  to the State Conven 
tion at  Coldwater,  Oct.  10-13. 

Hallowe'en night passed quite quietly,  but not  with 
out  a  pig  pen,  a  few  agricultural  implements,  cord 
wood,  etc.,  slightly out of place. 

The October and 

ovember  numbers  of  the  Fann 
journal  contain  the  biographies  and  excellent  like· 
nesses of Dr.  Beal  and  Prof.  ook. 

l\Iany  things  which  otherwise  would  be  bought  for 
the Botanical Department, such as handles and various 
articles of wood,  will  be made in  the shop. 

Prof.  Davenport,  at the end of the term, will  visit  the 
Fat Stock Show at Chicago  and  from  there  will  visit 
the Kansas and other Agricultural  Colleges. 

Prof.  Cook has  received  an  invitation  to  attend  the 
New York  Farmers'  Institutes,  about  fifty  in  number. 
He contemplates putting in  two  weeks there. 

Dr.  Beal  is  getting up a  collection  of  photographs of 
botanists,  among which  is  a  fine , large likeness of Prof. 
Asa  Gray.  He  expects  to  include  foreign  botanists 
as  well. 

It is  quite  probable  that  President  Clute and  per 
haps one of the other professors will  attend  the  meet 
ing of College~ and  Experiment  Stations  at Washing 
ton  soon . 

The report of the  Michigan Horticultural  ociety  for 
1888  contains addresses and biographies together with 
excellent cuts of  ex-President  Willits,  Dr.  Kedzie and 
Prof.  Cook. 

About 140 of the photographs of  lumber camps  and 
scenes of Northern  Michigan  are  now  put  up  in  the 
Botanical  Laboratory just out  ide  the  Botanical  Mus 
eum  proper. 

Over thirty college boys attended  the  First Presby 
terian Church  in  Lansing,  Sunday evening,  Oct.  27th, 
to hear Rev. Mr. Jordan's sermon on" The Young  Ian 
and Society." 

Dr.  Beal  has  presented  his  fine  collection  of  2,000 
species of p!ants  to  the  college.  The  collection  has 
occupied  many  years  in  gathering  from  Maine,  New 
York,  Michigan,  Europe  and  various  sources,  and 
contains  many rare and  valuable specimens. 

The  library  has  purchased  213  bound  books, some 
dating back as far  as  1799.  Twenty five  bound  vol 
umes  and  twenty-nine  unbound  volumes  have  been 
donated to  it. 

Prof.  Taft  and  Dr.  Beal  attended  the  Grange at 
White Oak,  a  drive of twenty-seven  miles.  Among the 
papers read  was one  by J.  D.  Towar,  '85,  and one  by 
R.  H.  Wilson,  '89. 

The  Hesperian  Society  have  come  out  with  a  new 
pin. 
It is of a  very unique design,  consisting of a  star 
with a  ruby in  the  center,  and  attached  to  a  chain,  a 
crescent,  also set in  rubies. 

Mr.  C.  F.  Wheeler from  Hubbardston  r.omes  here at 
the end of the term to  take  up  the  Botanical  Depart 
ment of the  Experiment Station.  He brings  with  him 
a  fine  herbarium which  he gives the college. 

The stewards of the different boarding clubs for next 
term  are  elected  as  follows:  "A," J.  H.  Freeman; 
"B,"  B.  0.  Johnson;  "C," F.  W.  Ashton;  "D,"  H. 
L.  Bunnell; "E," Chas.  Ferris;  "F," H. Z.  Ward. 

E.  R.  Lake,  '85,  professor of botany of Oregon  Agri 
cultural  College,  writes  that  the  college  there  has 
opened  with  a  large increase of students and more ex 
tensive equipments in  the  line of professors,  buildings 
and  additions. 

F.  N.  Clark,  '89,  is  at  Harrison working ina railroad 
office at good  wages. 
In  a  letter  he  expresses his  in 
tention of  going into  the fruit  business when sufficent 
capital  is  at his  command.  As  all  M.  A.  C.  boys  are, 
Fred  is ever loyal  to  the college and  its concerns. 

A complete  list of all  varieties of garden  plant seeds 
is  coming into the Botanical  Department for the Botan 
J.C. Vaughan of Chicago, J.  M.  Thor 
ical  Museum. 
burn &  Co.  of N.  Y.,  D.  Landreth  &  Sons of  Philadel 
phia and  D.  M.  Ferry &  Co.  of Detroit are  the contri 
butors. 

Without comment we  copy  the  following  from  the 
Orange Judd Farmer:  "Prof. Samuel Johnson,  lately 
of the  Michigan  Agricultural  College,  is  mentioned  as 
the farmers'  candidate for  governor  of  the  Wolverine 
Commonwealth.  He  is  eminently fitted  for the high 
position." 

The  Eclectic Society held a  successful  banquet and 
hop the 4th of October.  The Olympic and  Union  Lit 
erary Societies indulged in similar recreation after the 
oratorical  contest,  Oct.  25th.  The  Phi  Delta  Theta 
fraternity celebrated the evening of November  1st in  a 
like  enjoyable manner. 

].  R.  Mott one of the sec's  of  the  National  Y.  M.  C. 
A.  and a graduate of Cornell University, was here over 
Sunday,  November 3d.  He addressed  the  college  in 
place of the  regular afternoon  services,  after which  he 
met the  members of  the  association  in  a  conference, 
discussing  various  phases  of  the Y.  M.  C.  A.  work. 
The evening meeting was also led by him,  in  which  he 
gave the already started  missionary project more defi 
nite  plan.  He not only laid open greater  possibilities 
in  this  line but  especially increased  the  probabilities 
of  l\!.  A.  C.  for  missionary work  in  the Japanese field. 

Ti-IE  SPECULUM. 

75 

The new Agricultural Laboratory is  rapidly  reaching 
completion  and will  probably be finished  by the  first 
of January .  The plan has been carefullystuclied, mak 
ing the building both commodious and conven ient,  and 
its already imposing appearance promises a handsome 
structure.  The  heating  will  be  done by a  hot  water 
apparatus planned by Prof.  Carpenter and  made injthe 
shops. 

Officers in the  societies  have  been  elected  for  the 
next  term  as  follows:  Olympic-president,  M.  E. 
Greeson;  vice· president,  J.  W .  White;  secretary,  P. 
F.  Lawton; treasurer, J.  W. Lamb.  Hesperian- pres 
ident.-T. A. Sanderson; vice·president, J. A.  Shotwell; 
secretary,  L.  E.  Plumber;  treasurer,  C.  H.  Spencer. 
Phi  Delta Theta-president,  H.  E.  Bunce;  secretary, 
B.  F.  Hall;  treasure~.  C.  F.  Rittinger.  Union  Liter 
ary--president,  0.  A.  Turner;  vice-president,  E. 
Bradford; secretary,  T.  Bradford;  treasurer,  E.  Wal 
dron .  Eclectic-president,  R.  B.  McPherson;  vice 
president,  E . G.  Cooney;  secretary,  H.  V .  Shattuck; 
treasurer,  W.  S.  Howland. 

One  important  event  of  the  college  year,  was  the 
oratorical contest, given  in  the chapel, Oct.  25th.  The 
contestants representing the three societies, th e  Olym 
pic,  Union  Literary and  Eclectic were six 111  number. 
After the calling to  order  by Pres.  G.  B.  Church,  the 
following  program  interspersed with  fine  music by the 
college  orchestra,  was  rendered.  Cremation  Prefer 
able to  Inhumation,  H.  Z.  Ward;  A  Reading  Know 
ledge Should be an  Essential Qualification of a  Voter, 
W.  A. Fox;  Our  Political  Institutions,  Warren  Bab 
cock;  Indifference to Crime,  H.  J .  Hall ;  Some  Influ 
ences of the  Puritans,  K.  L.  Butterfield;  Woman's 
Heroism  During  the  Rebelli on,  A.  L.  Waters.  The 
decision of  the  judges  has not been  fully  determined 
yet. 

From THE SPECULUM  of August,  i885,  we  copy  the 
following :  "Our efficient  engineer,  Mr.  James Wise 
man, will take the position of foreman ofthe'iron shops. 
Mr.  Wiseman  is,  perhaps,  as  well  fitted  for  this  posi 
tion as any man  in the State.  He  served  an  appren 
ticeship of  five  years  in  the  Glasgow  machine shops; 
was a  journeyman two or three  years, and  for  the ten 
years prior to  i88o was the  chief engineer on one of the 
largest  steamers  belonging to the mail and  passenger 
line  from  England  to  Calcutta.  He  left  this  position 
voluntarily,  because  of  the  complete  isolation  from 
his  family.  He  could  reach  his  home  only once  in 
seven years.  Mr.  Wiseman  is  a  man of very temper 
ate habits,  not even using  tobacco."  The proficiency 
of  Mr.  W.  for  the  position  he  has filled  for  over four 
years  is  recognized  by all  those  who  have  been  under 
his charge.  He has  not only shown  skill as master of 
the machine shops, but a large engine, shaper, wood and 
iron lathes, small engines, tools , and an almost unlimit 
ed  list of various other articles and  repairs  commend 
him as utilizing the students' labor to instructive,  prac 
tical  and  profitable ends.  Mr.  W.  has  accepted a  pos 
ition as boiler and  machinery inspector  for the Ameri 
can  Boiler  and  Machinery  Insurance  Company, and 

his  territory  will  be  the  State  of  Tennessee,  Nash 
ville  being his headquarters.  He left for  his new field 
of labor,  Oct.  3i.  The day before leaving the mechani 
cal students gathered  in the  shop  and  presented  him 
with  an  elegant  silver  water-se rviee  as  a  token  of 
appreciation  of  his  labors  among them.  He  carries 
with him the well  wishes of  many  fri e nds  for  success 
in  his new  work. 

PERSONALS. 

We  desire the earnest  co ·operation of  every person 
who has ever been  connected  with  the college  in  try 
ing to  make  this  department an  interesting one.  Let 
every alumnus and  every  person  who  has  been  with 
classes here send  in  ne ws to the editor of this  depart 
ment,  often,  thus  making  his  work  much easier  and 
the department  more interesting to  all. 

'68. 
J.  Swift sends  in  the  best  correspondence  received 
since we have  been  Personal Editor.  He writes:  "My 
present occupation  is  that  of  enduring  a  bad  spell  of 
rainy weather.  As soon as possible I  expect to resume 
my former occupation of land scape  and  practical sur 
veyor,  together with  farming and  book-selling to fill  in 
odd times. 
I  have five  boys  and  and  one  girl  on the 
road 
to  fame-through  the  Agricultural  College  if 
possible."  Mr.  Swift sends  us  good  advice,  and  sug 
gests a  doctrine  of  which  he  will  find  us  an  ardent, 
though  youthful,  supporter. 

'69. 
R.  Haigh,  Jr.,  is  oil  inspector  and  life  insurance 
agent at  Kalamazoo.  He says that wh e n  he  does any 
thing  remarkable  or  strikes  something  rich, he  will 
notify  us at once.  We remain expectant. 

'7 r. 

R.  M.  Slocum is  head  over heels  in  Dakota  politics. 
He says.  "I think  the older states could pattern  after 
us  with  profit.  We h ave carried  Prohibition,  adopted 
a  good  constitution, and elected  a  straight Republican 
ticket.''  Mr.  Slocum  has  been  tendered  the  position 
of county  clerk  at Vedette,  and  he thinks  of publish 
ing a  thoroughbred  Republican  newspaper also. 

'74. 
L.  F.  Ingersoll  is a  surgeon and  physician at  Grand 
Junction,  Colorado.  He says:  "I would  not return to 
Michigan  to  Ii ve  for  the best  farm  in  the  State. 
I  al 
ways have a  kindly thought  for  my  Alma  Mater,  and 
will  perhaps some time  visit  you." 

C.  S.  Ingersoil is  junior partner in  the firm  of fnger 
soll  &  Perry, attorneys  at  law,  Garden  City,  ·Kansas. 
They also do  business  in  insurance,  abstracts  of  title, 
and farm and city loans. 

'78. 
We see by looking  over  The  Orchard  and  Garden 
that  Prof. J.  Troop is  one of the special contributors to 
that journal.  He has also  recently  issued  a  "Descrip 
tive  list of the grasses of  Indiana,"  which  is  sent  QUt 
as Bulletin  No.  28,  from  the experiment station. 

76 

THE  SPECUL  M. 

Prof.  C.  C.  Georgeson  and  family  have  returned 
from Japan,  and he is  now  connected  with  the firm  of 
T.  Lovell  &  Co .,  of  Little  Silver,  N.  J.,  nurserymen 
and  publishers of  Orchard and Garden. 

E.  D.  A.  True writes  from  Armada,  Mich.:  "I  am 
still  farming.  Tell  the  boys  that  I  am  getting  bald, 
and am  still  a  bachelor. 
I  am also clown  for  the t  wn 
of Armada,  and  the  biggest  fool  in  Michigan,  except 
one or two of the boys of '7S."  E.  0.  would  make  a 
splendid Sophomore. 

E.  0.  Ladd  is a  successful  farmer  and  fruit  grower 
at Old  Mission.  He was a  delegate to  the last session 
of the State G range,  and  takes  an  active  interest  in 
Grange  work.  He  is  now  special  agent  for  Grand 
Ttaverse and  Leelanaw  counties. 

'79. 
C.  P.  Cronk of Baltimore  sends  us  in  something  lo 
jingle,  and  pay up old scores.  He says:  "l enjoy  the 
news THE  SPECULUM  brings me of  my  friends  and  of 
the  College  too  well  lo  think  of  doing  without  it. 
Charles Sumner called upon  us  a  week  or  two  since. 
He was on his  way to 
ew  York  in  attendance  upon 
important legal  business.  Charley  looked  prosperous 
and happy-just  what  he  is-and  his  figure  has  lost 
none of its old-lime rotundity." 

In  the October SPECULUM  we said that W.  E.  Gam 
mon  netted  last  year  $7,000  from  his  100-acre  fruit 
farm  in  Cal.  The  facts  are only about  sixty acres are 
devoted  to  fruit  growing,  while  the  receipts  from  this 
industry were  9,000 

\.Ve  beg  pardon. 

WITH  '87. 

H.  S.  Thiers and A.  M.  Woodmansee  are  president 
and secretary  respectively of Ellsworth County  ( Kan .) 
Teachers '  Association.  H.  S.  teaches at Langley and 
A.  l\l. at Venango.  Both  are  living  in  si ngle blessed 
ness 

'88. 

And  a  voice spake from  afar ofT,  saying,  "Send two 
copies of THE SPECULUM  lo 12 S. State St. until further 
notified."  Signed,  \V. J.  Hinkson and  VV.  R.  Rumler, 
students  in  law and  literature,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Clark  Ilubbell  has  been 

tudying law  for  almost  a 
year at  Port  Huron,  l\Iich.,  and  will  soon  hang  out  a 
shingl e. 

\.VrrH  '88. 
\V.  E.  Greilick  is a  merchant at Norrisville,  Mich., 
and  wishes the  boys to  come  and  see  him  sometime. 
He  reports himself as doing splendidly,  weighing  ap 
proximately 300 pounds. 

'So. 

'  9. 

C.  T.  Crandall  is  an attorney,  with  a  lively  practice, 
at Crystal Falls,  Mich.  He  is  now  serving  his  third 
term  as County Prosecuting Attorney. 

A.  G.  Wilson  of Mason was on the grounds late ly and 
seems to be rather badly crippled up,  in  fact  looks  as 
if a  hurricane had struck  him. 

'Sr. 
The State Republican convention of Nebraska nom 
inated J.  L.  H.  Knight  for  Regent of the University of 
Nebraska for  a  six-year  term,  on  the  8th  inst.  The 
nomin ation  is equivalent to  an  election. 

W.  S.  Delano sends in a  renewal for THE SPEC  LUM, 
which attests that he hasn't forgotten  his  Alma  Mater. 
H e  is  a  prominent seedsman al  Lee  Park,  Neb. 

S.  Upton says that he has  lost  track  of  THE SPECU 
LUM  or THE SPECULUM  of  him,  and wishes  to  renew. 
Although  "it is not best  for  man  to  be  alone,"  he  is 
still  unmarried.  He says it pays.  He  is  a  successful 
furniture dealer in  Elm Creek,  Neb. 

Clinton, Curtis and  Lightbody are engaged  in  rural 

busi1.1ess. 

We  understand  that  H.  A.  Martin  has taken  unto 
him a  wife.  We wish  you  luck  and  happiness,  Harry . 
Perhaps  we  will  get married  sometime and  then  you 
can  return  the favor. 

WITH  '89. 

C.  M. Underhill  has been engaged  as  merchant  and 
lumberman  for  five  years  at  Pentwater,  Mich.  Chas. 
has  become quite a  prominent  citizen  and has a  good_ 
ly  official  and  political  record. 

Chas.  Leipprandt  is  a  farmer  and  dairyman  near 

Hayes. 

'S4. 

J. J.  Howard  is a  teacher at  Iosco,  Mich. 

C.  E.  Kelly  is  running  an  apiary  and  vineyard  at 
Lisbon,  Mich.  He  was  a  pedagogue  for  nearly  a 
dozen  years but was obliged lo drop the  profession on 
accou nt of poor health. 

WITH  '84. 

R.  R.  Briggs was acting as  "1  rinler's  devil,"  from 

'81  to "83 1  but is  now  farming al  Romeo. 

WITH  '90. 
Geo .  D.  i\lena  died  at home,  Sept.  18th,  from  a  hurt 
received from  falling  from  a  scaffolding.  George was  a 
splendid  fellow  and  no  one  can  appreciate  the 
loss 
more than  his  college  friends. 
\.Ve  extend  the  sym 
pathy of THE SPECULUM  to the  bereaved family. 

\V.  II.  Culver  is  book -keeper  and  stenographer at 

'85. 

89  Euclid  avenue, Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Willard  Brumfield  has  been  engaged  in  the Signal 

W.  E.  Snyder,  who  used  to  be  a  pedagogue,  is  a 

Service at  Roseburg,  Oregon , for  nearly six years. 

cabinet  maker at Constantine, Mich. 

'86. 

B.  L  Jenks is now  in  the emp loy  of \Voods, Jenks  & 

A.  C.  Himebaugh  is a  farmer  and  shipper  of  baled 
hay and straw at  Bronson.  He was a  delegat~  to  the 
in 
Det}locratic  County  Convention  at  Coldwater 

Co., 

leveland, Ohio. 

\VITH  '91. 

Harry  Doty  is  engaged  in 

the  shoe  business  at 

ugust. 

Detroit. 

THE  SPECU LUM. 

77 

COLLE GES . 

ATHLETICS . 

I~ .. 

•• 

Michigan should be  proud of the University  it  being 
the  only  Weste rn  ed ucational  institution to  which  the 
Pan  Ameri can  Congress  made an  especial  visit. 

From the exchanges it  may be seen that the colleges 
all  over  th e  country are  increasing  materially  in  at 
te ndance, while  imp rovements in other directions seem 
to  keep  pace with  th e  num ber of scholars. 

Harvard  bas  365,000  volumes  in  her library;  Yale, 
200,000;  Cornell,  150,000;  Columbia,  90,000;  Brown, 
66,ooo;  Princeton,  65,000.-Ex. 

Prof.  Todd , of Amherst  College,  is  to  lead  the  Gov 
ernment expedition  to  Southwestern  Africa  to observe 
the total eclipse of th e  sun on  Dec . 22.-Ex. 

On e  hundred  a nd seventy young Americans were in 

th e  University of Berlin  last year.-Ex. 

EXCHANGES . 

Each  mail  is  bringing in  exchanges,  both o ld  friends 
and  new.  H owever  several exchanges  have  failed  to 
put in  an  appearance as  yet this yea r,  but  we  hope  to 
see them  all  with  us  before the term  c loses. 

The  unique  cover  of the  Fordham  Monthly  forms  a 
pleasing contrast  to  th e  exterior  of  many of  our  ex· 
changes. 
In  its  literary  department  the articles are 
well  writte n  and  appropriate.  The  article  entitled 
"An Unworked Vein," contains some  good  anecdotes 
and  suggestions  for  those  who  would  win  fame  by 
novel  writing.  Th e  writer showed o ne  essential  of  a 
good  novelist in  his choice of a  title  for  the article. 

A  striking d e fect  in  the  Hesperia11  is the ab,ence of 
a  literary department.  Unless the paper  is  published 
simply  for  th e  purpose of allowing  the editors  to  talk, 
this  should  be  re med ied.  This  paper,  like  several 
others,  has  fallen  into  the  habit of  trying  lo  imitate 
some  of  the  great  humorous  writers and the result is 
not  d ec idedly satisfactory  in  every case.  The  paper 
would  undoubtedly  be  much  improved  if  it  were 
changed  to a  monthly. 

The  Co!tege  .Iude;t:  for  October  is  an  interesting 
number.  Howeve r, on  looki ng  over  the  article  on 
Poe 's" Haunted  Palace,"  th e  effect of two much para 
graphing is  apparent,  g iving a  decidedly unsubstantial 
apearance.  Th e  article reads too  much  like the  notes 
in a  school  read er. 

In  th e  K entucky  Un iversity  Tablet  is  an  article en 
titled,  "Whither  Are  We  Tending,"  which  presents 
many of the most  crying evils of the day and  asks that 
American  citize ns 
take  hold  and  suppress  them . 
·The' article is  well  writte n  and deserving of praise.  In 
the exchange column  we  note  the  follow ing  which  it 
will  be  well  for  all  of  us  to take to  heart:  "We are 
willing to be criticised  for  it  is  the  only way through 
which  we  can  approach  the  heights of  perfection  and 
success.'' 

The  Dakota  Collegian  is  out in  a  new  cover  and 
with  the  contents  increased  to  twenty  pages.  This 
shows a  spirit of prosp erity  in  the  D.  A.  C. 

Other exchanges we  would  gladly notice  but space 

Saturday,  Oct.  r9,  the  College  ball  team  played  a 
game at  Lansing  with  a  team  composed  partly of local 
and  partly of State league players.  Up to  the seventh 
inning the College  team  had  the  game  well  in  ha nd , 
and appeared  to  be  sure  winners;  but  at  this  point, 
while all  eyes  were centered on  the  game,  the  mascot 
of tl1e  Lansing team, unloosed from  its place of confin e 
ment under the grand stand, that bleary·eyed  monster 
familiarly  known  to  the  base  ball  fraternity  as  "O ld 
Razzle-Dazzle," 
the  un s uspecti ng 
College  players  with  appalling  ferocity.  The  poor 
players in  vain  attempt  to appea ·e  his  wrath  by  pre 
senting  the  opposing  cl ub  with  several  runs.  Tbe 
pitcher and  infield  suffered  111ost  from  his  attacks,  and 
before the  monster could  be  quieted  a nd  led  back  to 
his  den  the  fateful  ninth  inning  had  passed  a nd  th e 
small boy  had  chalked the  winning  run  on  the  score 
board  for  the  Lans in g  team.  T he  score by innings is 
as  follows: 

rushed  upon 

M.  A.  C. 
Lansing, 

2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  R  BH  E 
IO 
6 
Two ba. e  hits,  !VI.  A.  C.,  1;  Lansing,  r.  Struck out 
by Burnett,  7;  Fowler,  r.  Time of game,  2  hours  a nd 
·20  minutes.  Umpire,  Morrison. 

3 
o  o  4  3  6  14 

I  3  O 
o  o  o 

IO  12 
7 

O 

O 

I 

Saturday, Oct.  26th,  the college  team  aga in  played 
the  Lansings,  and though  they indulged  in  some very 
erratic playing, managed to win the game, a  result that 
the  very  poor playing of  the  opposite  team did  much 
to  bring about.  The poor playing of the College team 
appears to  be due pri ncipallr  to  a  lack  of good,  thor  
ough practice, and  to an apparent lack of knowledge of 
the points of the game.  Also,  the captain  of  the  team 
should  have a  thorough  knowledge of the playing rul es 
so  as to  prevent being bulldozed  by  the  p layers of th e 
opposing club.  The score  by  innings  was as follows 

1\1.  A.  C., 
Lansing,  · 

I  O 
o  o 
Two-hase  hits,  Gibbs. 

2345678R J J H E 
3  15  13  4 
5  6 
2 
Three-base  hits,  Fowler. 
Home-runs,  Cordle)',  2 .  Double play, Foster to Gard 
ner.  Struck out by  Burnett. 8,  by  Fantz, 3;  by  Man 
assau,  2.  Time of game,  2  hours. 

2  o  3  o 

2  6  2  O 

~ 

I N 
OUR  Manufacturing 

Department 
We employ  the 
Largest  force  of 
Sk ill ed  De  igne rs  and 
Jewelers  in  t he State, and 
Have  un equaled  fac iliti es  for 
Producing  Artistic Jewelry  a nd 
Society  Badges  of EYcry  Description. 

Wright,  Kay- &.  Co., 

IMPORTERS  &  JEWELERS, 

prohibits. 

140  Woodward  Ave., 

DETROIT. 

' ), I 

THE  SPECULUM . 

FOR  THE  FINEST 

P-Qotogt'apl)ic  + W otk 
CASSEY  & RILEY, 

- GO  TO-

Over  Lansing Natlonal  Bank. 

SPECIAL  RATES  TO  STUDENTS. 

OUT-DOOR  GR OU T'R  l\ IA'DE  0'.'<  RHOR T  NOT ICE. 

\ f f .  RAPLEE, 
Wholesale and  Retail  Dealer  in 
Jewelry-,  Watches,  Gloc~s, 
Diamonds, Siluer and  Pla1ed  Ware. 

119  Washington  Ave.,  Lansing. 

REPAIRING  NEATLY  DONE. 

STUDENT S  FIND  AT 

G.  W.  FR~RY'8 8'r0R€ 

. A large and fine  line of 

GENT'S  HATS  AND  CAPS. 

IN  ALL  THE  LATEST  STYLES. 

Blanchard  & Beebe 

SELL  THE  BEST 

If yo u  w ant  Sty lis h  F urni ture,  go  to 

CO WLE S  BROS. 

AT  THE  LOWEST  P RICES. 

If y ou  want  G ood  F urniture,  go  to 

C OWLE S  BROS. 

Call and  see  before  purchasing  elsewliere. 

BLANCHARD  &  BEEBE, 

2 18  Wa, hfngton  Ave.,  Smith Block. 

If yo u  w ant  Cheap  Furniture,  go  to 

R e pairing  Neatly  Done. 

CO\VL ES  BRO S. 

Hud son  &  Baird  Block , 

235  Wash ing ton  Ave.  S.,  La nsi ng,  Mi ch.  Y Q U  WI LL  FIND  US 

Special  Intlu cc 111 c 11 ts  to  Stud e nts. 

D irectlyopposite l-IotelDow ney,in oneofth e Best 

].  C.  HUFFMAN, 
BAKER  ·.  ana  ·.  CONFECTIONER, 

Ma kes the  Be~t Bread a nd Ice Cream . 

304 W ashington  Ave.  N., 

Lansing ,  Mi ch. 

G11onna Floor  Photo[ranh  Gallorios 

In th e  State.  W e  do all  kinds  of work  known  to 
th e  a rt , a nd  always  try to  excel  all  com 
petition .  We offer 

8pecial  Inducements 

to  all  co nn ected  wit h  the  STATE  AGRICULTURAL 
COLLEGE. 

SA VIGNY  &  CHRISTMAS. 

r 

DON )T  PURCHASE 

Anything  in  the  Furnishing  Line until  you  ha\'e  looked  through  my  stock. 
I  give  it  My  Entire Attention and  am always  in  position  to  show  the  Latest 
Styles and  Novelties  as soon  as  they  appear.  My  Hat and  Cap  Stock  is  the 
Largest and  Most  Complete  in  this  city,  and  when  you  want  Shirts,  Collars, 
Cuffs,  Canes,  Umbrellas,  Handkerchiefs,  Hosiery,  Underwear,  N eckwear, 
Suspenders,  Gloves,  Mufflers,  in  fact  anything  in  the  way of  Nice Furnishings 
you  will  find  it  in  my  stock.  Always pleased  to  show  my  stock,  even though 
you  do  not  wish  to  purchase.  Students' patronage  respectfully  solicited. 

ELGIN  MIFFLIN, 

THE  FURNISHER. 

231,  2 33,  235,  237  Washington  Avenue  S.,  LANS~NG, J\lrc11. 

THOROUGH1  WELL  EQUIPPED1  PRACTICAL. 

One  of the  finest  suites  of  Rooms  in  the  Country  and  a  large,  wide-awake  Facu lty . 
DEPARTMENTS:  Commercial, Short-hand, E locution,  Type-writing, Normal, Penmanship. 
Expenses l ow.  Don't decide to go Elsewhere until you have sent for our  Year Book • 
JOHNSON  &  MINER,  Proprietors and  Managers of the  Michigan School Bureau. 

• 

L~ BECK, 

1!BS  mE. (IJ'l!•l~ll. 
Headquarters fo1·  Fine Clotlti11g 

Ua ts,  Caps and Gents' Furnishing Goods 
a  specialty. 

STUDHNiS  and  OiHHRS,  Gilrn 
. 

112  ll' tt  hingtou  A venue  North. 

tfs  a  Call! 

WILL  IT  PAY 
To  give $3.00  per  dozen  for  Cabi  
net  Photographs,  when  we  Posr 
TIVEL Y  GUARANTEE  just as  good  for 
$z .oo  as  can  be  had  in  the  city  of 
Lansing.  Special rates to all connect 
ed  with  the  M.  A.  C.  VI e  solicit  a 
trial,  which  will  be  Free  of  Charge  if 
not  Perfectly  Sati  factory. 

Cheney  & Lawson . 

BROAS 

The  One-Price  Clothier  undersell 

them  all  on  Clothing,  Hats,  Cap  ,  and 

Gents  Furnishing  Goods. 

CORNER  WASHING TON  and  MICHIGAN  A VENUES,  LANSING. 

(f) 
... 
(f) 
~  w 
..., 
~  z 

<fl 
;,. 
'J) 

Ypsilanti,  :r..;rich.  Circulars  on  Application . 

P.  R.  CLEARY,  PRESIDENT. 

:E:_  LEDE~E~ &  SON""S 
Are Ileadquartcrs for  Gent  'Furni~hings, Hats and  Cap;,.  Special  Prices given to Student  . 

IIJWashington AvenuetNorth.  H . LEDERER  &  SONS , the Clothiers. 
Big  Line ql Gold a11d  Stiver  Tipped  Umbrellas jttsl recetved. 

Best  Goods T  Prices  the  Lowest T 
J.  A.  !URNERj 

( Succe ·sor  to 

.  Turner), 

WM,  ll.  PRENTICE. 

ART.  G.  K!E1'. 

PRENTICE  &  KIEF 
:Nf etCl\al\t + Tailots.  FRESH AND SALT 

Wholesale and Retail Dealer in 

' 

FRED. W.  BERTCH, 

, , 

\ 

r, 

finB  PanHngs,  8ui1ings  and  OuercoaHngs. 

Military Uniforms  a  Specialty. 

A  Perfect  Fit  Guaranteed. 

Removed to 224 Washington Avenue South,  Lansing, Mich. 
SILK  HATS  PRESSED  AND  CLEANED. 

:?Y.1:E A  TS. 

POULTRY  AND  GAME  IN  SEASON. 

No.  833 Washington Avenue  South. 

Telephonic  Communication. 

.. 

riQLLEfiE  BQ'{~  Make  A.  M.  EMERY'S  Book Store 
p,  your Headquarters while you  " wait for the wagon.'' 
lJ 

l:{ 
Oollege  Text Books and Stationery Constantly on Hand. 
A Lar[o  Stock  or Miscollanoons  Booksl Albums, Paintin[s,  En[raviJJ[s. 

Gold  Pens, Wirt's Fountain Pens,  Picture Frames and  Wall Paper, 
at Reduced Rates to the Students. 

PROF.  McEwAN's  $100  LIBRARY  in stock. 

A.  M.  EMERY,  II3  Michigan  A venue. 

Michigan • State  $ Agricultural  $ College. 

P.  0 ..  Agricultural College.  Express and  Freight  Office,  Lansing. 
The institution  has  a teaching force of twenty professors and instructors, and is  thoroughly 
equipped  with apparatus  for  scientific  investigation,  and  with  machinery  and  tools  for  the 
use  of students in the  Department of  Mechanic  Arts. 

The Library contains over  ro,ooo  Yolumes,  consisting largely  of  scientific  works. 
The General  Museum  and  Museums  of  Botany,  Forestry  and  Veterinary  are  well  filled 

FOUR  YEARS  ARE  REQUIRED  TO  COMPLETE THE COURSE 

--WHICH EMBRACES--
Cltenl'istry, .JJtalltematics,  .l?'techanics,  !IJrawz'ng, :Botany, Zoology,  Yeterin 
ary,  .English  Language  and Li'terature,  .French, 
German,  and .lJtilitary  2 actz'cs. 

Three  hours  labor  on  each  working  day,  except  Saturdays.  Maximum  rate  paid  for 

labor, eight cents  an  hour. 

RATES.-Tuition free  to residents  of the State; $5  per term  for  non-residents. 
Club  Boarding,  from  $z.oo  to  $z.50  per  week. 

CALENDAR  FOR  THE  YEARS  1889-'90. 
Monday,  May 27,  1889,  Summer term  begins at 8 p.  m., the first week continuing through Saturday.  Friday, 
July 5,  Examinations  on  half term-studies.  Thursday,  August  15,  Examinations  begin.  Friday,  August  r6, 
Summer term ends at noon for  all but the graduating class.  Sunday,  August 18,  Baccalaureate sermon.  Tues 
day,  August 20,  Commencement.  Monday,  August 26,  College year begins at 8 p.  m.,  the first week continuing 
through Saturday.  Friday, October 4,  Examinations on half term studies.  Thursday,  November r4,  Examina 
tions begin.  Friday,  November 15,  Autumn term ends.  Monday,  February 24,  1890,  Spring  term  begins  at  8 
p.  m.,  the first week continuing through Saturday. 

For Catalogue apply to OSCAR  CLUTE,  President,  or HENRY G.  REYNOLDS,  Sec'y.