SEPTE:OO::BER:i10, 1880 . • TAB LE OF CONTENTS. LITERARY.- THE FARMERS' ISSUE, THE INDIANS OJ.' NORTHERN MICHIGAN, THE FORCE OF EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC.- NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, I9 20 22 EDITORIALS, COLLEGE NEWS, PERSONALS, • . Enered at the Poetomoe at Agrloulu,.at College, Miohigan, as Se~ond-Class Mail Mfttter, Launt Thompson, Printer and Binder, Lansing. • MON + WM. F. HANSEN. FINE DRUGS, Medicines and Pure Chemicals, R. B. SHANK & CO., THE LEADING GB.C>OEB.S FANCY AND TOILET ARTICLES, OF LANSING, PERFUMES, Largest stock of Imported and Key West Cigars, Cigarettes and Fine Tobaccos. Next to PostofB.ce. LANSING, MICH. VOISELLE & LAROSE, STUDENTS' flEADQUARTERS FOH. Wall Panor and Ilocorations. All styles at Rock Bottom Prices. 200 \Vashington Avenue South. • Don't forget that l?0TTER & SWEENEY Are doing the Laundry Business at the College. H. KOSITCHEK & BROS., (Successors to H. LEDERER & SONS.) LEADERS OF Fa$hionable Glothiqg and Qeqt'$ Fu~ni$hing Qood$. LANSING, MICHIGAN. E. C. H 0 NEY, DENT IST_ Office opposite Hotel Downey, over Savigny and Christmas. 4. W. PATTERSON Has the Largest and Most Complete Line of lll\ .IDJ To be found in Lansing. Small profits and quick sales. Would be pleased to have all M. A. C. boys call and see me. 218 Washington Avenue South, Opp. Hudson House. I I TUE SPECUL U M. ABOt:IT ADVERTISE/"\ENTS. STUDENTS, L1£T us p ATRONlZE Tl!OSE WllO p ATRO:'U .,,Jd s in ce l\l nv. 1 81\~. JMh l ,Wl• wholly revised. Jn1tPh e11lar):{cd, an d "mn.11 \" Cl1!-Llv · illll"'l!'Btions added . · Price, b y mail, $1.25. L ib e r a l dis count to dealers and for cl ubs. Registered .~nropsb i res l\nd Hhort Horns o f th e m ost fashion able strain~ f11r sale. A . J. COOK, Author and Pu bl ish er , Lansin g. Mich. THAT CLOCK ON 1 HE WINDOW I• for the benefit o f the pnblic, n11d nlso to mn rk ttle 1or~tion or fl. ~. 'M8RG1\.n, J€w€k~. I ~ J AKE WATCH REPAIRING A SPEC I A LT Y. A fter Sl·curing your work once, J will rndrnvo r to keep you r pntronnge by doing it well. T II E SPECULUM. ((3Il[[C0A®® MIEJIDITCOAJL Cf3®1LiJLIE®JE 9 Corn er Prairie Avenu e and 26th Street, CHICAGO , ILL. Medi cal Department of the Northwestern University . Se ·sion of r890-9 i. N . S. DA VIS, M. D., LL. D., D ea n. Th t.:! Thirly 4 sccond Aunual Co.11rsc of Instruction will hq~in Tuesday, September z:\ll, 189o, and close Tucsd:iy, April zSth, 1891. 1.'hc course of instruction is g-radcd, student~ being- divirstanding why they take the position that th ey do. They mi suse their m ost sacred right when they vote without thought. There is another sl; g ht i~ s u e which per hap makes some difference in their party vo te, and that is the high licen <-' and free whi ·ky iss ue . But thi is not of vital import ance in the voter's discus ion as to which party ticket be sh all vote, a nd should not L et him be sure inRuen cc him in the least. that he is sending an h o nest and con cientiou man to the law-making cha mbers and he can feel certain that all will be d one that can be that worst of curses, the done to sup!)res liquor traffic. As long as the farmer remains divided be loses hi s time and his vote. Yea , it is greater than a loss of a vote; he aids politicnl cor ruption by offering an opportunity for unfit and di sho ne t men to obta in positions of tru ·t and honor. The method of such corruption is known to 1111. Th e immense quantities of money spe nt a t every election is only a proof of the corruption which must exist. The If be acts 11t farmer cannot act neutrally. all he must act directly for some good or he will produce ev il. In future campaigns where is the real iss ue to be? He cannot support both of the two parti e~ . . He ca n not be a stri ct Democra t nor For nearly half a a century h.tVe both parties been upheld, yet he find s himse lf and bis industry little in advan ce of fifty yea rs ago. stri ct Republican. It is his privilege a 11cl duty to put tbe old principles of free trade a nd protection in the background, and in their stead place q ue - tions of more vital importance- the question of incorruptible and farm-lo\'ing represe111 a tives above all others. The manufacturing clement has not been asleep to the pliable state of politics durin g the last decade, and the 111;111y millionaires that h ave sprung into existence have been from this clas~. It is hi gh time th11t the trictly fa nnin g the elem ent ·h ould wend its way toward congressional halls. In fact, th e farmer has already begun his proper political career in th e "Farmers' Alliance" a1Hl the "Patron of Industry,'' and it is to these organizations that we must look for the future prosp erity Thou g h no t of the agricultural classes. formed o n stri ctly political bases, th ey bav e gradually gone in the direction where they are most ne~ded, and have hee.n working the fall campaign in nearly eve ry state in the Union. Their dnty is a g reat one, and their efforts must be long contin ued. They will have to wage w a r o n scores of trusts and the poorer monopolies that are grind in g classes clown. But farmers be the org ani zed for a high and definite purpose, keeping the immediate welfare of the agri cultural classe. in view, and th ere will be no difficulty whicb thev c11n not surm o unt. the strongest class Orga nized, they are in the weakest. the Un ited States; t111organized, let As long as they work for o ne purpo,e, and d o not lose sight of co nsiste ncy , they will lead the nation, and the seem in g differ ence in opinion among a people who sh o uld think a one, wil l no longer exist. And may We hope from the work of t bi s organization tbe grandest of industries may prosper, and t h e natural h o me of m an abound in abundance and comfo rt. The Indians of Northern Mich igan . FRANK BAUERLE, DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERN ITY. Comparative ly about the Northern Michigan. A little has been writteu tribes of Indians that inhabit small book has TIIE SPECULUM. 21 been published by one of these lndia11 . This man, who e Indian name, Mack-e-te be-nes!'iy, tran;,lated into English is Black bird, is tbe ~on of a war-chief of the Ottawa tribe. The history of his life and work is so closely connected with the present condi tion of his people, that a short sketch may be introduced here. When about twenty years of age his highest ambition was to obtain an education, so that he could help to enlighten his people. Rev. Allen Coe. a traveling missionary of that district, became acquainted with Blackbird at this time, and learning of his ambition, sent him to Ohio, where he was in school for two years. He wa afterward for two years a student at the State Normal Sch0ol at the expense of the government, but the allowance made him was so small that he was com pell eel to leave. He retnrned to Little Traverse to teach and work among his people. He ha been untiring in his efforts to better their condi tion. He has been their leader and counsel lor. It was through his efforts that they seemed the right to vote. He also induced the government to approp1:iate money to help carry on the work of education "mong the Indian . About i86o, he was appointed United States interpreter, and in i872 he became postmaster of Little Traver e. The portion of Michigan inhabited by the Indi1111s of whom Blackbird is a descendant is that embraced by the counties of Cheboy gan, Emmet, Charlevoix and Antrim. imple life. At the time the French missionaries were to come to this region, these beginning In the summer Indians lived a In the winter tbey they tilled the soil. moved to the Muskegon River to fi h iind Their principal city was situated bunt. where Harbor Springs is to -day, and here were held all their big councils. They had no laws, but were governed by the views of the majority except in times of war. The orders of the war chief were then supreme. Anyone who ha seeu the moral condition of these Indians of to-day would hiirdly believe that their forefather wer a fine and Yirtuous cla ·s of people. They were taught from earliest child hood of the Great Spirit, an cl had cornmanclmcnts resembl ing our own, which they were com pell eel to obey. Cases of murcler were very rare. Tradition speaks of on! y one instance, in which an Ottawa killed a Chippewa. This "!most resulted in a bloody war, which was only prevented by the Ottawas ceding the Grand Traverse region to the Chippewas. This is the reason why Chippewns are found in this region at the present dny. These early Indians a\·oided the use of intoxicating drinks and profane language, and continued virtuous until the white man began to teach them his vices. \/Var, Just before the trouble arose between the French and English governments· in Amer ica, the Indians of these tribes were very numerous They were always friendly to the interests of the French king, whom they called their "Great Father." During the the warriors of French and Indian these from tribes were once returning Montreal. As they were leaving they were pre ented with a small tin box by the Brit ish authorities, who told them that this box contained something that would work great good among them. It was given to them ·with the strict injunction that they were not to open it until they arrived at their home . The e ignorant beings believed all that was told them, and immediately upon their arri val at home, proceedecl to open the box. They found numerou;, smaller boxes, one within the other, and finally came to one about an inch long, which, when opened, was found to contain some mouldy particles. They could not see what great good this was to do them, but in a few days it was made known to them by the outbreak of small pox. The ravages of the disease must have terrible. The great Indian doctors been were themselves taken down with it. vVholc families and even the entire population 22 TIIE SPECULUM. of c1tieti died. Lo .. g Villngc, their chief city, extending from Mackinac Island to Seven-mile Point near Harbor Springs, was one of these cities . 111 these tribes occurred Anoth r great misfortune _that happened i8oo. The to the chief Shawnee Prophet, brother of Tccumse '' , cnt his emissaries among these tribes to tell them that the Great Spiri.t was angry with them because they were living after the style of the white man. And fur ther that the Great Spirit had ordered them to go west, and live 111 their old primitive sty le, and if they cl id not go he would shake the earth as evidence of his anger. A great many of the Indians became frightened at the prophecy and 1110\'cd to the VI' est. It happened that Michigan did have an carth q uakc at about thi~ time, which so frightened the remainder that most of them followed their brethren. The poor cleludecl creatures, not being acclimatized, died in great num bers . These arc the two misfortunes which greatly reclucecl their numbers. Blackbird says : "My ow n race, once a very powerful, numerous and war-like t ribe of Indian who boldly trod upon this soil, is near the end of its existence. In a few more generations they will be so interming·lcd with the Caucasian race as hardly to be dis tinguished as descendant of the Indian nations, and their language will be lost." The present condition of these Indians as regards education, is a little more encourag ing than it was ten yea 1 s ago. The Indian children attend the public schools, and in Harbor Spring there is a con vent used expressly in the education of these Indians, where they have an attendance of about one It is a charitable institution, but hundred. as the expenses constantly increased with the attendance, they were obliged to obtain aid from the government. The children as a rul e are bright irnd intelligent. The Indi a ns a re a very religious cl;iss of people. Most of th em belong to the Catho this church, in lic church. The prie t in order to be under ·tood hy all of his audience, preaches first in German, then in English, In and finally Petoskey the Indians have a church of their own, presided 01·er by an Indian minister. in the Indian language. They learn all The moral condition of the Indians now found in Nor them Michigan is, neverthclcs , very low. They u e intoxicating drinks to is killing many of such an extent that it them. the vices of the white man, and carry them to greater execs~ than he does. The men work on the farms in the summer and in the lumber camps in the winter. The quaws help to support their families by making curiosities of birch bark and sweet grass, which they sell to the region cl uring the rcsorters vi iting this ummcr season. The history of the Indian tribes in Amer ica is one of great interest. The problem of our treatment of the fast-climinishing remnant of the race is one not easy of so lu tion. JVIuch inju tice has been clone the red man by his white brothe1·. Our gove rnment should recognize this, and n e what means arc possible to help the Indians to become useful citizens of the land. The Force of Education. EURTON A. HILLS, OLYMPIC SOCIETY. Educ:ition, in its growth, develops a force that is eve r pre sing outward and onwa rd . It is contintwll_v enlarg·ing its sphere, until it pervade all the regions of thought, demol ishes the obstiicles to enlightenment, and carries it. inquiries into e1·cry field of enter pri e iinJ spec ulation . Eclucat1on is radical rather than conservative. It is not content with repose, hnt is eyer sweeping onward like a mighty river, broaden ing and clecpcn- it goes, and carryi ng everyt hin g 111g a irre istible but steady it with an before force. fancies, the dearest The fonde st creeds, and the profoundest theories of miin kind, arc not free from its undermining Ignorance, prcjud ice, upcrstition influence. TIIE SPECULUM. anwn the blood vessels. Under the microscope a little of the mescntery wh;ch ha been touched with venom soon loses its normal charac teri tics and the small vessel become cov ered with bunches with hlood oozing from them. Alcohol, contrary to the belief of many, is not a g reat remedy for snake bites. Mr. 1itchell ays: "Venom from our poisonous snakes may he kept in alcohol twenty-eight years and not lose it~ power to kill." Permanganate of pota h Mitchell gives as the best remedy, and be i probably the best authority on the subject. The rattlesnakes of this country vary izc; some being eight and one greatly in half feet in len gth . They arc generally di tributed throu ghout the United States, in the Southwest several spec ies being found. East of the Mississippi River there are three specie , on! y one being found in this \Vest of the Mi . sis&ippi twelve or State. thirteen species are found. Only two gen era of snakes have rattles, the moccasin, which i common with u , and the true rat tlesnake found farther outh. OBSERVATIONS. Mr. is wander reported the following: "On the muck-bed near the greenhouse our common grasshopper are very dark. On the li g ht sand near the road the same pccies is Ycry much lighter. This would indicate that these in cct have the power of mimicry." Dr. Beal called attention to a patch of Bermuda gras, which is rapidl y spread in g over the lawn. Thi s grass make a good lawn. Bert Cook: "vVhen nature docs not pro tect in one way she does in another. A few days ago I noticed a bird watching what appeared to he a mass of stick · on one of the trees on the it proved to be a great number of larva~ with their head sticking out in every direction. I thought the bird did From appearance lawn. - On examination not know where to take hold . A few days I noticed that these sa me larvre were later covered with a mass of white which upon investigation proved to be the cocoons of parasites upon the larv m." THE Sf)E GH11HM. PIJBLISIIED ~IONTIILY DVItlNG THE IJOLLEGE rEAli, BY THE STUDE TS OF TUE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. BOARD OF DI.RECTORS. ECLECTIC SOCIETY. K . L. DUTTEHFlELD, - - - Editor-in-Chief, Literary Articles and Editorials. J. \Y . ToUMEY, NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Science. PHI DELTA THETA FRATERNITY. V. l £. LowE, . College News. J. L. l,OTTEH., DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERNITY. Athletics. If. \V. l\luMFOHD, OLYMPIC SOCIETY. Colleges and Exchanges. UNION LITERARY SOCIETY. A. R. LOCKE, \V. A. Fox, J.E. lh NKSON, . E . 11. G. REYNOLDS, Personals. Business Manager. Asst. Business Manager. Treasurer. 'AGRICULTURAL CoLLEGE, SEPT. ro, 1890. vV E account for the absence of athletic news nncl the department of Colleges and Exchanges, by the fact that the respective field of research in these lines arc at present in n state of innocuous disuetude. EVERY man in college ought to attend the It is no "goody-goody" Sunday School. organization, but a place for earnest men to get informati on, without which the world regards college graduates with su picion as to their attainments. · WouLD it not be practicable, and if so, profitable, to have an occasiona l Wednes day afternoon lecture by some gentleman of wide reputation who is not connected with 26 T II E SP E C U LU M. and politicians of the college? There are lawyers, judges, physicians influence throughout the State who would undoubt edly be pleased to speak to us. These lec tures could come on days when no other exerci e is provided, and would not deprive us of the regular lectures by the faculty. We would thus get away from science for a time, and come into a little closer touch with the wo rld. We are too apt to be aliens to much that transpires outside. We are apt to forget the world's workers and their work . Perhaps such lectures might serve to interest us, and make us broader in our conceptions and sympathies. May not the experiment be tried? A FEW friends of the Patrons of Industry have taken offense at the article in the June number of T HE SPECULUM, bearing the · title of the organization. We beg them to remember th at the literary articles appearing in this paper do not neces5arily expre hooks ~ufficiently to di cover the standing of the club. vVe are aware 1 hat t_bis would take more time for the 111embers of the committee, but they are well paid, and while the new order of things would simply make the position of committee-mim a more important, and therefore a more exacting, one, the duties would be no more onerous than those now pcrforn (f by officers without other ren 11erat1on. A FEW of the many letters received by the oflicers at the college are curiosities. Some people evidently expect to obtain an Agricultural Encyclopedia nothing. Here is a sample received by a professor in New York , and ent here, probably because the information of the New York people is somewhat limited: "Der Sir for " Plea-.;e can you inform of the following best Breeds & Crossbreeds Stock & Poultry for most profit & economy easy keeping healthy hardy well built for Breeding farm purposes & labor horses for breeding labor yet some lively wishing tu get a pair of mares for breeding and work on the farm cattle for milk butter Chease breeding beef working oxen etc Sheep for best mutton wool early lambs large size easy keeping healthy hardy to best stan storms in summer in pastures away from home etc And where is best to purchase each of above to the most advantage profit & economy and as near as you kriow the probable prices of each from young up for I. a pair. Yz dozen and 1 dozen at a time and t'.1e probable charges of all mentioned above etc to send here or ship here." Finally, after asking one hundred and three separate questions about poultry, potato diggers, grr.ins, grasses, clover, fruits, books, etc., etc., the writer kindly says: "take plenty of time to answer all in full except potatoe diger to sow with wheat & rye de along as I may need answers etc." to use s•ion grasse Evi lently the writer "extensive" farming. COLLEGE NEWS. Three "co-eds" in the Freshman class. L. Churchill, '89, visited the college recently. Fifty-three mechanicals work in the iron shop. P. B. Woodworth spent last vacation at home. Prof. Davenport attended the Detroit exposiLion. Mr. Campbell and wife have gone to California, to live.· Mr. Thurtell visited his parents during last vaca tiO'n. An unusually large number visited the library last month. Mr. Curtis, foreman oftbe wood shop, is on hand at work. Miss Carrie Burnett has been appointed assistant k W. E. Palmer if he knows where Mr. Miller's tobacco is. vV. H. Van Oevort visited his home in Nt:w York state recently. The Mechanical Freshmen work in two divisions in the woodshop. It has been suggested that the faculty be invited to attend chapel. The Mechanical department will make a small exhibit at the State fair. G. C. Davis is absent at Pine Hluff, Arkansas, work· ing up the cotton ball worm. Paul Theodore, teacher in the blacksmith shop, is giving excellent satisfaction. Some exceptionally fine work has been done in the iron-shop during the past term. Lieut. Simpson is having his annual difficulty with poison contractecl from poison ivy. About thirty, including many of th~ sub L•culty, are taking German under Prof. Edwards. · College will be closed on Thursday, September I I, to allow those desiring to attend the fair. The Horticultural department will make a display of vegetables and fruits at the State fair. Mr. Gulley and family now occupy rooms in the Ter· race. Mrs. Gulley teaches the juvenile school. A number of former members of the class of '90 were back to see their old class mates graduate. But fourteen books were adJed to the library last month, twdve by donalion and two by purchase. Lit:ut Simpson is making preparations to move in to the house rt:cently occupied by Prof. Carpenter. President Clute introduct:d the next governor(?) at the republican reception held at Lansing, August 29. Prof Taft atlend~d the meeting uf the Grand Valley orticultural Society, held at Grand Rapids, August " t 28 THE SPECULUM. New steps have been recently built at the front entrance of Williams hall and at the rear of \,\'ells hall. The bees are beginning to "brace up," and are gath< ring large quantiti.-s of honey from the golden rod. Mrs Beal, Secretary Reynolds and wife attended the funeral of Mrs. Prof. MacEwan al Kalamazoo, Sept 1. A new line shaft will soon be placed in the east side of the iron shop and some light machinery on the east bend1es. Rev. Jordon, of Lansing, preached an excellent ser mon to a large audience in the chapel Sunday, Aug· ust 31. It is reported tlrnt Dr. Beal went to Lansing the morning that Barnum's show was there, lo gel his ho1·se shod. Mrs. Nellie Kedzie, Professor of D0111estic Economy at Kansas' Agricultural College, visited recently at Dr. Kedzie's. Miss Anna Cavanah of Iowa City, Iowa, a student at Harper Hospital training school, was a guest of Mrs. Clute recently. President Clute addres.;ed the farmers at the follow ing places: Gr.u1d Ledge, Aug. 6; Park Lake, Aug 9; Lake Odessa, Aug, 22. Dr. Kedzie returned from Washington where he attended the annual meetin.; of the Society of Experi mental Chemists. Prof. Edwards, wife and two children have taken possession of the cottage, for the professor of English literature, on Faculty Row. J. H. Hale, of Glastonbury, C·mnecticut, memb -! r of the bo:ird of agric<1lture of th tt state, addressed the students in chapel recently. Of the seventy -five members of the freshman class, forty eight are in the mechanical course, leaving but twenty-seven in the agricultural. Prof. Taft's bulletin, No. 63, is becoming more and more popular. He recently received the fifth request for the cuts used in its illustration. Ex · President Willits, assistant secretary of agricul ture, has been chosen chairman of the committee on arrangements for the world's fair. H. 'vV. Mumford has returned from Lake Gene,·a, Wis., where he was sent by the Y. M. C. A. as a dele gate to the " Lake Geneva Training School." The new check system, now used in the iron shop tool room, works very satisfactorily and adds much to the neatness and dispatch of keeping the shop. The increased number of students working in the iron shop will necessitate the removal of some of the light machinery and bench work to the gallery. The Botanical department is making large collec tions of fungi with reference lo future study. Dr. Beal says that this is the best time of year to collect them. A large number of plants have be~n collected IJy the Botai1ical department this year, swelling the her· barium until it now contains about three thousand specimens. Friday evening, Augu~t 9, Profs. Davenport and l-Io'dsworth and their wives entertained the members of the senior class, with the addition of the co eds and a few of their friends. The ste wards for the l>0ardi11g clubs are as fol · lows: "A, " iV. 0. Hedrick, "B." W. A. Fox, "C," G. C. Muuroe, "D," K. L Butterfield, "E," W. I. Herron, "F," C. T. Cook. Prof. Cook presided as president of the Entomol.1gi C Cl if 01" 228 Washington Ave. N., Opposite Opera House B1ock, Reep~ tl1e latge~t ~electioI) of fiI)e Clotli.~ i11 Cell tt'al ]\lic~iga11. STYLE AND WORKMANSHIP THE VERY B E ST U. H. FORESTER, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL Books, Stationery, Toys, Fancy Goods THE BIG WINDOW, WASHINGTON AVE., LANSING, MICH. LANSING. • ~TCHIGAN. THE DEEP GUT Carries a complete line of LAD ms' and GENTS' BooTS and SHOES and F RNISHING GooDS. We are sole agents for the HOOPER and GovE HAT. Also have in stock a fine line of Military Gloves, and we specially court the college trade. I. D. BRACKETT, Prop. 312 W ashi ngton Ave. So uth . Heatlquarte1·s fo1· Fine Clotlting H at•. Caps ancl GentR' Furnishing Gouds a spt'ciaity. SiUDRNTS and DiHRRS, Giue us a Call I 11 2 \\"ashi ngton A venue North. ; 231, 233, 235, 237 \Vashington Avenue S., LANSIXG, Mrcu. Thorough, \Vell Equipped, Practical. One of the finest suites of rooms in the country, and a large, wide-awake Faculty. DEPARTlllENTs-Commerc.:ial, Short-hand, Elocution, Type-writing, Normal, Penmanship. Expenses low. Don't decide to go elsewhere until you haYe sent for our Year-Book. W. A. JOHNSON. Proprietor and Manager of the Michigan School Bureau. 'J\TEBBE:R & BU-CK:. WE CARRY ALL THE a.wa~i>U iq)\1~ 1 ·Ufl~~ ft ~lJl~ ni) [a~~~ We are Sole AgentsUfor the Celebrated DUNLAP HAT. Special Attention Paid to College Trade. Call and See Us. 224 WASHINGTON A VE. SOUTH. P. S.-Have just receiyed a full line of Gordon and Stanley Sashes, and Gents' Fine Black Cassi mere Underwear. Michigan State Agricultural College. ! ) P. 0., Agricultural College. Express and Freight Office Lansing. The institution has a teaching force of twenty professors and instructors, and is thoroughly equipped with apparatus for scientific investigation, and with machinery and tools for the use of students in the Department of Mechanic Arts. The Library contains over 10,000 volumes, consisting largely of scientific works. The General Museum and Veterinary Museum are well filled. FOUR YEARS ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THE COURSE -WHICH EMBRACES- Cltemi"stry, Mathematics, Mechanics, !I>rm11ing, :Botany, .Zoology, Yeteri"n ary, .EngUslt Language and Idlerature, .French, German, and .JJtil'itary .2 acti'cs. From two to three hours labor on each working day, except Saturdays. Maximum rate paid for labor, eight cents an hour. A" Summer School" for the accommodation of teachers and others who desire to study special branches for a few weeks. Summer students have all the advantages of the regular classes, and of individual work in the Laboratories. RATEs.-Tuition free to residents of the State; $5 per term for non-residents. Club Boarding, from $z.25 to $z.75 per week. O.A.LEN'D.A.R FOR THE YEAR 1eeo. Monday, February 24, 18<)o, Spring term begins at 8 p. m., the first week continuing through Saturday. Friday, April 41 Examinations on the half-term studies. Thursday, May II, Examinations begin. Friday, May 16, Spring term ends at noon. Monday, May 26, Summer term begins at 8 p. m., the first week continuing through Saturday. Thursday, July 3, Examinations on the half-term studies. Thutsday, August 14, Examina· tions begin. Friday, August 15, Summer term ends at noon for all but the graduating class. Sunday, August 17, Baccalaureate sermon. Tuesday, August 19, Commencement. Monday, Au&"ust 25, College year begins at 8 p. m., the first week continuing through Saturday. Friday, October 4, Examinations on the half-term studies. Thursday, November 14, Examinations begin. Friday, November 15, Autumn term ends. 1891--Monday, February 23, Spring term begins at 8 p. m., the first week continuing through Saturday, For Catalogue apply to 0. CLUTE, President, or HENRY G. REYNOLDS, Secretary.