& ae i A il q | ol we than =~ reap TSS irr tp Ww. & GEOHGE 4 Cli, PRINTERS AKD saysieiie, vieumid mite, a aguas, og | nen | sh il Hi | HN BROAS, the One-Price Clothier, Undersells them all on Clothing Hats, Caps, and Gents’ Furnishing Gooods. CORNER MICHIGAN AND WASHINGTON AVENUES, LANSING. CQobtaLaHet ABA DYVDQVAHRTTETRS AT? SHULL & ALSDORE'S DRUG STORE. Drugs, I ‘erfumes, Chemicals, Tollet Avticles, and a General Line of Novelties anid Fancy (roots, —————— JOHNSON &z FOL, ny, RETAILERS or FINE DOMESTIC AND IMPORTED GROCERIES. OLD LAND OFFICE, a ‘Everything Hew | anil First Class at CASSEY & MERELL'S, Photographers. Also Artists in | Ink, Oil, and Crayon. N. B. After Angust 10th We will have A NEW GROUND GLASS SKYLIGHT in Our Studio, under which we will be able to produce as FINE PHOTOGRAPHIC WORK as any Studio in the State, OVER LAXSING NATIONAL BANK. CASSEY «& MERKEL. U. H. FORESTER, FIRST GLASS LIVERY. WHOLESALE ASD RETAIL Books, Stationery, Toys, aud Fancy Goods.) STUDENTS PATRONAGE SOLICITED. CORNER STORE, OPERA DLock, JIMMY MARKEY, LAD SIT Co, - - MTSE. | A ih d dictivanrs Pools ete oil] Ie calenne ev, Tcueted i ay a Mag wa Thictesbary Ho Joker, + Tea shoueanie In fet, the Hed oh ihe erent helper Of ihe greed Resins, pod in making these vaul steres af leaning avwiimble, ba para soir it in importance bn laricons themmeiven, "Fhe cal eT ii h ed Eacuuerad White rhite ‘ite oft Wiholosele and Retail Dealer in | WwW. D. SABIN, | | RE Oe a *ST¥oI001I43d YNOA HOS 3910 ¥ HARDWARE OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, at L310 S3AON 3HL Suad¥daMan 4NnOA HOd 301d ¥ AYUVNOMSIC HOA Od FOI Me ehanies? Tools, iz: ip 2 ai STOVES, HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS, ETC, =; Digikel, and hos muck the appearance of sifeer, ‘This finish com, Oo: Los Vyrs 5 cal hens I - = etry etl plating, the + in| top o sidor is ri = Henini A rende, ase reas rtehe, e iiking ‘Pop iia ii moe & wade dor hold newopapars and mapaziogs, Ges brieging Lerather ihe pot. [7 licalinns mot consten iy vederved tothe & Paper. t he Pveielicgl wed the Dictien. a ops or Scene WPROPER GS RA WP onsto Be, hues EAVSEVE, - MECH. L HE COLLEGE SPECULUM. LANSING, MICH., FT ete eae Vou, Il. AUGUST 1, 1882. No. 1. ee UTILITY. In deepest wood A flow ret stom ‘Keath unknown akles; Its petals brizht Ne'er gave their light To human oyes. But laden fair With bonuties rare, Tt called the bees: And fajntest. veins Tievealed the galina They stor'd in trees, An honest oan With Marntig’s ban Espied the flow'r; “Ah! little swaln, Thy life was vain Until this hour.” But Nature knew Of all that grew Nothing was vain: The restless tease OW busy bees Had rendewd gain. Tn honmev'd ralds And atolon alidls That lite bog; For Nature staid Was never made For haughty man, Me ene Selene a EE Crities and Criticism. EY LISCULS AVERY, ECLECTIC #O01ETY, The complexity of man’s nature, the wide differ- ence in the degree of completeness of development in his powers and capabilities, make him a eritic and a aubject of criticism. Some men are selfish and eriticise to be mean; many are thoughtless and use this eommon weapon, little noting the injury it causes; while a few eriticise honestly, and are prompted to action by a right motive, productive of only genuine eoodness, Fer- forming our work, as we do, under the keen eye of these erities (for they are never absent), it is not strange that we seldom finish a piece of work that fails to draw out comments, perhaps complimentary ones, but more likely the pith and point isin showin defects and exposing absurdities. These unkin remarks are often passed on a production that has | cost us much time and labor; when this is true they | can but excite unpleasant feelings, and if we are of a sensitive nature they will certainly be o source of much annoyance, and may cause many evils. Some men have cheated life of its true purpose, because of their lack of power to divert attention from the eriti- cisms heaped upon them. It may be safely said that our degree of suecess in whatever we undertake depends largely upon our power to take little note of unjust crificism, and to regard needless eriticism as the product of a mind governed by passion rather than discretion; when this is effected, we must learn to place the trne value on that eviticism which euards and elevates us, that fends to suppress our coarser nature, while it stimulates the finer to vigorous action, giving the mind absolute control of its pow- ers and establishing personal independence. Good opinions and good judgments are among man’s most valuable acquisitions, and come only by elaborate toil; when these are shown to the public as defective, the originator can but feel that he has failed to accomplish his purpose; but in this he ean be wrong, as there may be a want of ability in the eritic to judge correctly. The person who is ready to eriticise everything, and indulges much in criticism, should be called a talker rather than a eritie; noth- ing of value comes from him. This kind of criticism should pass unnoticed; let it be regarded as idle talk, indulged in by men having influence in a cirele of society composed of persons with no worthy aim for a motto, A more common kind of eriticism is that which is uncalled for, It seems very natural for some persons tu indulge in commenting on others; but back of this fault we find something to admire and respect. The eritie in question is likely to have a strong under- standing and a solid judgment; but even with these commanding qualities he is disliked, simply because he indulges largely in needless criticism. Even our best friends suffer under this common lash: but he who uses if cannot further his own cause. It has a reflex action. This same friend will undoubtedly have accomplishments that we secretly admire: they also have their defects; but we are given to expose the defects, while the perfeetions pass without praise, This criticism comes through habit and thoughtlessness, and cannot be taken as the true eati- mate we have for the person. Even the professors, in our best educational institutions, are not exempt from this habit. A student rises to recite; through fear he blunders along, only to resume his seat after making 2 miserable failure. This often oecurs when the student has a clear iden of the subject; but knowing the professor is ever ready to smile at his blunders, he is unable to concentrate his thoughts on the lesson. In time the student may be indifferent to remarks of this nature; but it seems like a costly experience for a cheap benetit, ut the day of ruling by scorn and sneers is nearly past, and the effeetive work being done by the just eritic is now in the advance. Every person should have, and the wise and unselfish person will have, much respect for the eritie whose brain is stored with the knowledge and wisdom of ages, working to reform defects in our nature. To profit and grow stronger under this mstruction we must throw aside that important air, which stifles progress instead of aiding it, and learn to regard the humiliation as an expres- sion of our desire to beeome more like the ideal man; this done, we are fitting subjects to instruct with little danger of bringing discredit on the instructor. These are studied critics, and as such they effect a Q THE COLLEGE BPECULUM. development in our abilities of more than ordinary perfectness; a perfectness not merely of beauty, but of strength; like a butress, however relieved with tracery, adds an air of solidity to the building 1t props. — — a Man and Society. LY W. E HALE, PHL DELTA THETS. To reveal precisely how far society unfolds and gives direction to individual minds, and to estimate all the impressions an individual makes upon his age, would be a difficult task. 5o inaudible, to the external world, are the many voices that speak, 80 invisible are the motives and impulses that move it, and often so difficult is it to trace the course in which thought communicates its power and accomplishes its urposes, that it is vain for us to hope fora perfect Hise osure of the subject. Still there are some bright fontures and some striking manifestations. Society is necessary to the perfect development of man. ow could a person living in solitude, remote from all association with his fellow men attam to an elevation equal to that which the social system is designed to give him? In such an isolated state some of the higher faculties of one’s nature must be partially, if not entirely, inactive. True, he might ave some kind of a conception of an author of his being—the savage and barbarian have this—still he could not accomplish the design of fellowship which is necessary to develop every element of his nature that is to act in the attainment of noble objects. It has always been the tendency of man, con- sciously or unconsciously, to work for the good of society. As men’s views become broadened they are coming to understand that there is no climate, or soil, on whose productions they do not have to depend ; no country in whose prosperity they are not inter- ested, Not only are men of every race at work for the good. of society, but they have been since the dawn of history. . The commercial intercourse of nations has hada tendency to introduce and correct all new conditions of progress. During the early periods of national existence there were many manifestations of man’s original power. Homer arose at the time when the predominant principle was “might makes right,” and in advance of this age wrote his songs, which in the highest advancement of the future the genius of learning will ever learn to turn back and consult. _ Michael Angelo, with no models of the past, orig inated the glories in painting which have never been excelled. Frequently society has made some severe varia- tions in native genius and effected partial transfor- mations without crushing all the high endowments of nature. Pascal for a time enriched society by the brilliancy of his wit and his conquests in thought. While in his strength the path of society led him into the ‘Seotnamian of the cloister, no more to enlighten Boc1eTy. While the spirit of the age has done much to call forth the most splendid triumphs of the mind, it has crushed the most lofty. The song of the poet Burns, while he dwelt in his woodland home, remote from the prevailing tendencies of society, felt nothing but the Joy elicited by the scenery of his native hills. But when he went forth beneath the dominion of public life, the joy of his former days faded away and in his song he commenced to breathe a plaintive lay. There is within man a power which has exerted on society, more than anything else, a lasting influence. It is the power of thought; thought that gives to man dominion over the beasts of the field, the birds of the air, and the fish of the sea; the mighty instrument that moves the affairs of the world. It has embodied itself in language and found the means of its own reservation, so that the thoughts of ages past ecome the thoughts of this. In society now and then some master intellect has appeared. efore his achievements the work of ages trembles and above the desolation of ancient power waves the banner of truth and power. Martin Luther left the monasteries for the halls of science, After delighting his audiences with his lec- tures on philosophy, the consideration of the state of society comes before his notice, With all the genius of his intellect he undertakes a reform and is vietori- O11S.. Thus some individual has exerted a controlling influence on society and agin society has directed the man. As each mind exerts its own influence, the charac- ter of society must depend largely upon what man makes it. If his views of life are elevated and he works for others’ good as well as his own, then he is fulfilling the highest objects in life, Surrounded by the associations of a pure society, he breathes a purer and better atmosphere, and may cultivate the good qualities of both the head and heart. Desirability of a College Education. EY F. F. ROGERS, UNION LITERARY S0CIETY. Many young men, about to quit the common or the union school and start in the business of life, have some thoughts of a college education, They may hare much desire for one, but the idea of spending four years in the vigor of youth within the walls of some college too often forever banishes this hope. Others have equally strong desires, but lack of means seems to put such an education far beyond their reach, This is a mistake. Qur colleges are full of students who are constantly proving that, in this country at least, young men of average ability, both physical and mental, can get a college education if they desire. The loss of time spent in its acquisition is the greatest drawback. No person feels this more keenly than the young alumnus, with his diploma in hand, seeking for the first time some profitable work in an unappreciating world, Yet who ever heard a eradu- ate regret the time he spent in college? If he has some difieulty at first, let us not be too ready to cen- sure him while there are plenty of his associates, who spent the same time at work and enjoying life, whose present prospects are no more flattering. Tt is never mentioned when the young men who never made any retensions in life meet with some misfortune that irls them again to the foot of the ladder, but let the college man take the same fall and many make it a business to spread the news and condemn his eduea- ion. It is true that too high an estimate is often placed on a college education, and far too much expected of it, both by its possessor and others who long to be of that class. The graduate who thinks he will no longer have to toil, but that when he leaves his alma mater he will be looked up to and honored by a host of admirers, will yet have many important lessons to THE COLLEGE SPECULTUM. tb learn by bitter experience Nothing is more errone- ous. The struggle for life is intense, and the busy world will trample on the timid graduate with iho more thought for his rights and feelings than for those of the burly rustic who never saw a college. A familiarity with Latin verbs or a scanty knowledge of chemistry and botany will not pive the possessor a passport to success. It is in only a few professions that people can gain a living by these, and not there without years of preparation, We are told that ninety-nine per cent of our population must gain a living Ny some kind of manual labor. But shall we leave all higher education to the remaining one per cent? It should not be expected that all who get a college education are to gain a support directly from it, and so long as that hope is cherished many will be sadly disappointed, A general college education does not fit a person for a particular profession, but merely makes a broad and cultured man. It does not unfit him for the active duties of any business, but leaves him free to cope with the world in life’s great strug- gle; and with his culture as the servant, not the master, he may hope to gain a prominent sorial posi- ion, This may seem like small pay for s0 much time spent in college, and perhaps it would be if this were all. The graduate may not get honors, he may not find work where his education comes into immediate use, and he may feel four years behind the young man who started in business when he entered college, but he now has something which money cannot buy, and which he only can fully appreciate. He has a mind at his command, disciplined by mathematics, famil- iar with the general laws of natural science, and well stored with the best thoughts of the best men of all ages. He has more than this. He has a fair esti- mate of his own powers, determined by association with his equals on terms where no caste is recog- nized, exeept ability. In no place will a person sooner find his own level than in an American college. Here the rich and poor meet on the same pround. Shame that pass current in the outer world are here soon discovered by fellow students, and the would-be deceiver sinks forever to his deserved plane. With all this the rougher edges of his nature are ground off, the student becomes a more agreeable companion, while he receives a stimulus to greater effort that nothing else ean give. In fact, he lays a foundation for a character worthy of a man in any business or profession. Now whieh life will be the more pleasant, nay, the more profitable, his who spent the four years at work, neslecting the culture of man’s best faculties for other pleasures, or his who spent tle same time try- ing to develop to the fullest extent those same heaven- horn powers? Money is the goal toward which all mankind are struggling, and is the unit of value by which all earthly things are measured. lis is not wholly wrong, for nothing but money will insure the comforts and most of the pleasures of earth, while its lack, no matter how great the culture and other attainments, will bring poverty, with all its suffering. Yet, with all this, money is of no value except for the necessities and luxuries it will bring. Its getting may be a pleasure, lut the college man is not debarred from this. As our country develops competition in all business and professions becomes more intense, and the suec- cessful man is he who is prepared for the contest, who understands human nature, who becomes dis- heartened at nothing, but pergeveres to the end and ‘faints not.” Such men are the majority of those that our colleges are annually throwing upon the land. There is a sort of struggle in every college that is hard to describe, but which tends to bring out all the energies and aspirations its students possess. It gives self-confidence, without conceit, and a determination to succeed that is of no small value. This it gives in addition to the culture it bestows. The graduate looks wpon the world as a man of less education cannot, He sees through his glass, more or less clearly, as he may have ground the lenses more or less perfectly, all peoples of all ages and classifies them according to their merits as civilizers. He looks out upon the vast ocean of human knowl- edge, and thongh he has but a drop, forms a feeble estimate of its immensity, and feels that in his drop are some perfect elements of the grand whole. Sue & hope inspires the college student while toiling for his education. If to realize it he loses a few years from other work, he may yet outstrip the one who plodded on continually. But should he never do that, he is living many lives in one, and when his day of work is over be will be fully persuaded that “That life is long which answers life’s great end.” = Talent and Labor. BY ED. A DARTMESS, DELTA TAU DELTA SOULETT, Is there any excellence without great labor? Or are we firm adherents to the old maxim, “Labor conquers all things 2 While it is true that persons differ in ability for making rapid advancement in certain lines of work, or in intellectual power for pursuing certain branches of science, yet does it necessarily follow that superiority in any department of life is gained by little exertion ? There are some who contend that eminence is due more to natural ability than to the patient work of years; that greatness is a gift of nature rather than the wages of toil. Natural ability has done much, but labor has done more. Those who have become illustrious in the world have always reinforced their natural ability with so much intellectual exertion that it is safer to say that their greatness is due more to their untiring energy in continued toil than to what natural talent they may have possessed. Yet some, like the ancients, see in their imaginations that soddess of the Fates that carefully spins into the thread of life the fibers of destiny and immortal fame. Are they right? Is it true that we are born reat, or is every man’s rank mainly dependent upon iia own exertions? Let the past decide. The page of history is adorned by the names of men who have won their imperishable fame, not by rank or riches, net by chance or birthright, not alone by nature’s gift, but by toilzome mental drudgery for years. Ask the inventor how that majestic machine, with its almost intelligent movements, was con- structed, Ask the musician how she became able to call forth from the silent instrument those heavenly melodies. Ask the writer how that soul-inspiring yoem came to flow from his pen. Ask the painter how he became able to place those almost breathing Ask the scientist how the forms upon the canvas. They would stores of science have been enriched. all answer in the language of Dryden— “What the child admired The youth endeavored, aud the man acquired.” Adding to talent the patient toil of years accom- plished these great ends. We, seeing the perfect A THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. fruits of their labor, are too apt to account for them solely by saying that heaven has favored such per- Bons ith Bu ¢ faculties. While this may be true, et is this the only reason that they stand on the ights of eminence? Ah! no; it is not all due to superior faculties. Natural talent will never reach eminence unless carried up the rugged steeps by labor, Men of fame seldom arise from families of the rich, but nearly always from those of humble rank. Instead of coming from that class which, generally speaking, hold labor in contempt, great men may usually Xe traced to families who live by labor, The rich man, surrounded by all the luxuries of earth, is not obliged to exert his powers to main- tain himself, and he seldom does. Although he may possess as much natural talent as the poor man, yet that talent alone accomplishes naught. Therefore we do not trace the great men of the world to families of wealth. No, they come from lower rank. They learned to love labor, and labor won for them their way to eminence. . ur assertions here are not unsubstantiated. His- tory will sustain us on this point. Read the life of Stephenson, who built the locomo- tive: of Herschel, Kepler, and Copernicus, who swept the heavens with their telescopes; of Franklin, the scientist and statesman ; of Spurgeon, Luther, Clay, and Henry, who swayed the people by the power of their oratory; of Hogarth, Sharp, Tassie, and Lough, who charmed the world with their art. All these men had to labor before they could eat. While struggling to support themselves and families, they were toiling with their studies. Have the world’s greatest men been workers, or did natural ability accomplish all? These results are due to both labor and talent combined, but more to labor than talent, Some one has said: “A pound of labor with an ounce of talent will achieve greater results than a pound of talent with an ounce of labor.” We believe it. History proves it. The shores of fortune are to-day strewn with the wrecks of men of natural talent, who sank in sight of land because they did not toil to reach the port, while men of less abilities have, by dint of labor, anchored safely. Although there are those in the world who fail to eee that greatness is secured by labor, yet the men who have attained eminence understood that labor was required. Hear Calhoun’s reply to his school- fellows who jeered at him because he devoted so much of his time to study: “If I do not improve my time while here, I shall not acquit myself well when in congress.” He knew the secret of great men’s success. When Michael Angelo was asked why he did not marry, he replied: “Painting is my wife, and my works are my children.” Although he possessed great natural talent, yet he devoted all his time and energies to his chosen art. _ Natural ability is a very useful instrument in hew- ing the way through obstacles along the road to suc- cess; yet an instrument is worth nothing unless in the hands of a live workman. The sluggard accom- plishes nothing with the same tools that a diligent workman builds an edifice that causes the whole world to turn a wondering eye. A man may have natural ability, but will this make him great in spite of himself? No; “Mortar and stones are nothing but stones and mortar until the builder makes them something else.” Talent will remain passive unless brought into activity by an active agent. The tiny germ in the acorn will not develop if it be not sur- rounded by favorable conditions; but when favored, it becomes the mighty oak that defies the tempest and towers high above the surrounding country. 50 it is with natural talent. It remains dormant unless nurtured by culture. But when this talent is culti- vated, we have an intellect that shines with a con- spicuous brightness in the constellation of great men, We hope the time will come when the fledgling from a mushroom institution will cease to plume his wings so that he may be borne by favorable winds to the pinnacle of fame. Nothing but labor will make our advance as constant as the light of sunrise. The man who, when he has launched his bark on the ocean of life, takes simply his natural ability aboard to pilot him to some haven of greatness, soon finds that natural ability alone furnishes no motive power. His drifting bark is carried round and round, and the beacon light of the shining haven, which he so plainly saw when he first set out, is now hidden from view by th: mists and fogs of disappointment and error. Other men sail by him and are soon out of sight. Round and round he floats, and finally his light goes out, and his cargo of precious talents, wrapped in the shrouds of dispair, is swallowed up in the maelstrom of failure. e sullen waters close over him and not a spar of good is left behind to mark his existence. The world misses him not and it ig as if he had not been. . But had he taken on board the enginery of labor, his course would have been direct, his progress con- stant, and buoyed up by success, he would have sailed his majestic craft safely and cast anchor with other men of renown in the harbor of greatness. "The heights by great men reached and kept Were not attained by sudden flight; But they while their companions slept Were toiling upward in the right.” SCIENTIFIC. a a ila a a a a a a laa ll all alll ld al a ad i te Care of Cisterns for Rain-water. For domestic comfort and cleanliness an abundant, supply of rain-water is indispensable wherever the soil-water is hard. The cistern and its surroundings require careful consideration to preserve the water im a sweet and wholesome condition. Of course it must be preserved from the inflowing of any filth from any source; it must also be preserved from all gaseous contamination from any sewer or cesepool in ite neighborhood, because noxious gases and foul odors will readily be absorbed by water to such an extent as to render it unfit for use. These facts have long been recognized. But there are other ways in which the water in a cistern may acquire an intolerable odor which are not so generally recognized. When trees grow in the vicinity of the house the waste materials of tree rowth in the shape of blossoms, seeds, pollen, eaves, éte., fall on the roof and are carried by rain- water into the cistern; the waste of the shingles or “weather-beat” is also carried into the cistern. This accumulation of organie matter soon settles to the bottom of the cistern, where it undergoes slow decom- position —the water at the bottom of the cistern absorbs the products of this decomposition, and thus acquires after a time a very offensive. odor, while the water at the top of the cistern may be almost entirely free from bad odor. The pump usually takes water from the bottom of the cistern; when this bottom water delivered by the pump becomes too offensive for endurance the decree goes forth to “clean out the THE COLLEGE &PECULUM. 5 cistern,” when only a comparatively small amount of dark brown organie matter is found at the bottom of the cistern, rain-water it remains odorless for a time, but in a year or two the same accumulation of organic matter will cause a return of offensive odors. Having tried this experiment of cleaning, watehing, and smelling till the novelty had worn off, I diseov- ered that the surface water remained free from bad odor even when the bottom water was intolerable. then tried the experiment of raising the end of the lead pipe of the pump from the bottom of the cistern nearly to the top of the water, so that the pump would draw the water from the upper part of the cistern, when the offense ceased at once and did not return for three years. A few days ago complaint was made about the cistern water, when examination showed that the rope supporting the lead pipe had broken and the pipe had fallen back nearly to the bot- tom of the cistern. I gathered specimens of water from the top and the bottom of the cistern for examination. The surface water was clear, odorless, and fit for use; the water from the bottom of the cistern contained exfoliations of the trees and a considerable amount of brownish- black organic matter too much decomposed to admit of ready identification ; the water had a disagreeable odor, especially noticeable when it became warm; it was swarming with microscopic animalcules. Analysis of thé water showed that the surface water contained two milligrams of free ammonia in a litre, and yielded five milligrams of albuminoid ammonia to the litre; the bottom water contained tive milligrams of free ammonia to the litre, and yielded fifteen milligrams of albuminoid ammonia to the litre. The bottom water is thus seen to contain three times as much nitrogenous impurity as the surface water. Nitrites were not detected in either water by Price’s test. Since the impurities are mostly at the bottom of the cistern and good water at the top, by keeping the receiving end of the pump-pipe near the surface of the water we avoid most of these impurities. The pipe may be suspended by a wire, or, better still, b attaching the pipe to a tin drum (air-tight), which will foat the pipe at a certain distance from the sur- face of the water. Many persons will justly regard with suspicion this layer af vecorn sing organic matter at the bottom of the cistern, and will ask how it can be avoided with- out emptying the cistern. Some recommend filtering the water through porous brick while it is numped. For this purpose they make a filter box about two feet aquare by setting porous brick edgewise in water- lime mortar, so as to inclose a space in which the pump-pipe terminates, 50 that no water can enter this filter-space except by filtering through the brick. Tf this filter-box is made water-tight at the edges of the brick by cement, all solid matter will be excluded from the pump, but dissolved substances and odors will not be excluded. A self-cleaning cistern may easily be secured by cnusing the surplus water or overtlow to be withdrawn from the bottom of the cistern, so as to sweep out all bottom dirt whenever there is an overtlow. In mak- ing a cistern excavate a small pit a foot deep and two feet wide in bottom of the cistern and directl below the place in the wall where the overtiow drain 1s placed, and let the bottom of the cistern slope towards this eateh-well, so that all solid matters will flow into this pit. Make an overtlow pipe of galvanized iron in the shape of the letter f, this pipe three inches in When the cistern is again filled with | through the cistern wall into the overflow drain. The — diameter, reaching nearly to the bottom of the pit, and the arehed part of the top of the pipe passing top of the pipe is placed at the height where we wish to check the filling of the cistern; when the cistern fills to the top of our f the water will flow through this pipe as a syphon, but all the water which flows from the cistern must come from the bottom of our eateh-well, and any dirt in this basin will be swept out by the first stream of water that overflows, Cuis- terns of the usual construction may be kept in very fair condition by causing the overflow to come from the bottom of the cistern, thus removing the cause of foul odors. By punching a small air-hole in the top of the overflow pipe all danger of emptying the cis- tern by the action of a syphon will be obviated entirely. If the cistern is constructed so as to exclude all vermin, is made frost-tight, has a catch-basin and overflow pipe from the bottom, and the lead pipe secured to an air-tight tin drum which will keep the open end of pipe near the surface of the water, such cistern will keep itself in good condition for any length of time. ; As the overflow is usually managed, it is only the comparatively clean surface water of the cistern that flows away, and the accumulated filth at the bottom is saved for domestic use. This is cheap, easy, and unsanitary. ‘ Yet show I unto you a more excellent way.” Analytical Results in the Class-room. The Sophomore class in their work in chemical analysis have combined work and play in the analysia of various substanees which at different times have flooded the markets of our State. Some of the results already reached by the class are given here, with the eost of the article and the price at which it was offered for sale: 1. Coaline, Eight ounces of sal soda (carbonate of sodium) in a gallon of water, with a few drops of nitro-benzol to pive if an agreeable odor, Costs 3 cents a gallon; retail price 40 cents. ®, Sirer Plating Fleid. An ounce vial of solution of nitrate of mereury, which will form a temporary silvery coating when rubbed on brass, copper, or silver, Which speedily tarnishes when exposed to the air. Coat 8 cents; retail price 50 cents. 3. Nickel Plating Fluid ia the same as 2, except that a little nitrate of copper and nitrate of nickel are added to the solution of nitrate of mereury. Cost 3 cents: retail price 40 to 7 cents. 4, Fire Test Powders, to prevent explosions in kero- sene lamps, the breaking of lamps and chimneys, and the danger of burning from the use of low-grade oil. These are pill-boxes containing one or two ounces of common salt, colored with analine red. Cost 1 cent a box: retail price 60 cents, or two fora dollar. 5. Fire Proof Powder from Wisconsin is water-lime. Cost 4 cent; retail price not known. G. ailcer Polish, Pill-box filled with water-lime. Cost } cent; retail price 25 cents. ; 7. Ozone. A package of about } pound weight, consisting of pulverized sulphur, colored with lamp- black and scented with oil of cinnamon. Cost 4 cents: retail price $2.00. 8, Spear's Preserrative Fluid consists of one ounce of bisulphite of soda dissolved in a pint of water, Cost 6 cents; retail price $1.50. . Marie Fontaine's Moth and Freckle Cure. For external use only. Put the contents of this package 6 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. into an eight ounce bottle, and then fill with rain- water, ‘Che package contains $2 grains of corrosive sublimate, or mercuric chloride. Cost } cent; retail price 50 cents. This is only a part of the nostrums examined by the class in chemical analysis, and other substances, such as Sozodont, Mrs. Allen’s Hair Dye, and Bt. Jacob's Oil await their turn. ie Meteorological Observations. (ne of the characteristics of modern science is the close and even-plodding observation of natural phe- nomena for determining natural laws, In no depart- ment is this pains-taking method more necessary than in determining the meteorological conditions of any locality; the fact that 25 years’ continuous obser- vations are considered necessary simply to determine the average temperature of any place is one illustra- tion in point. Many hold in light esteem the fruits of a harvest so slow to ripen, yet this is the price which must often be paid for valuable truth—all the more perhaps because its usefulness is not apparent to gasnal, observation. Next to truthfulness the most characteristic element of the scientific method is atience. In matters spiritual we are told “‘ he that ieveth shall not make haste.” In matters scien- tific we must not make haste if we would have aught worth believing. As a slight contribution to the study of the meteo- rology of Central Michigan I present the following summary of 17 years’ observations taken at the State Agricultural College, relating to the state of moisture in ae air in the different months of the year, 1864 to BERS [Sebel] bow vee #8 2 |eeF S|S sa i ak re eee® e2uSe gite cts =3 MONTHE. e's oe we «! é3 “eS eS SS. - =] == . i gree EoGSelescss| Esk | & q a i Janwary wee] THO 1.48 #6. Ald 16°00 February ........| 80.70 1.49 a7 130 18°37 March -......... 77.10 1.84 55 155 24° 40 April... -..| TO00 2. 1.14 2o8 oo" 45 May 2.0.0.0. 72.88 4.10 1.50 wot 49°50 Jute. .c...-..2e.| TBE | 5.78 1.8 a oo" 62 July... 2222 -22.| 78.58 6.11 1.78 -61l i446 August.... 2.20. Bo. 5a §.83 1.81 rh 0.23 Beptember ...... Bz. oo 4.83 1.0% 429 54". 00 October,.... 222.) 78.76 3.26 Ati 261 41°14 November. ...... 78.60 ROT a8 ATS O8°,15 December... 2... $1.10 1.53 Ait L237 19°.05 AVOTARB.... 005 TB.O1 o.08 1.02 ote a0. °18 This table will repay careful study. The fact that the difference between the average temperature of dew point and the average temperature of the open air in the center of our State is less than 8°, and the fact that the average temperature of the summer months is less than 9° above the temperature of dew point for the same months, are conditions of yast Bignificance in our meteorology. They show the action of some force which gives stability to our eli- mate and saves us alike from the burning heats and parching droughts of the western plains. This equal- izing and controlling force is to be found in the girdle of lakes clasping our borders, which, like the fabled Cestus of Venus, presents every symbol of beauty to woo the loving ministries of nature. ArpiieD CHEMIstRY.—Some of the alleged applica- tions of chemistry in medicine as claimed in adver- tisements of quack remedies are of an astonishing nature, and would make Davy and Lavoisier “ stare and gasp.” But some of the applications of chem- istry to agriculture are nearly as startling, especially in the line of patent fertilizers. A shining example has come under our notice: ‘“* The Vitative Compound, or Beed and Plant Invigorator! This compound is purely chemical in its character and effects, contain- ing in a condensed form those ingredients 80 gener- ally deficient in the soil, and yet so essential to the immediate and certain germination of the seed, and the vigorous and rapid growth of the plant. Price $1.00, Address Waugaman & Co., Blairsville, Pa. Patented April 21st, 1874.” The box contains between one and two ounces of a mixture of sulphate of zinc, acetate of lead, and alam. The cost of the materials to fill the box will not exceed two or three cents, while the price is $1.00, The patentee ia correct in saying that those ingredi- ents are generally deficient in the soil—in fact the best of crops have been raised for thousands of years on soils whieh were destitute of sulphate of zine, alum, and acetate of lead—yet he is very seriously mistaken when he claims that they are “essential to the immediate and certain germination of the seed and the vigorous and rapid growth of the plant.” What possible influence can white vitriol, sugar of lead, and alum have on the germination of seed or development of the plant? Zine, lead, and alumina form no part of the chemicals of agriculture. The intrinsic value of this mixture for the purposes stated isa nullity. But if any one wants to try their virtue he can obtain the materials for much less than a dol- lar an ounce from any drug store in theland. If any one will demonstrate the superior excellence of this chemical farrago as a ‘seed and plant invigorator,” we Will richly reward his industry and perseverance by presenting him with a copy of THe CoLLecse Spec- ULUM. _ = INFLUENCE OF LOCAL HEAT ON PLANT GROWTH.—The general fact that increase of temperature accelerates lant growth is well known, but the fact that heat ocally applied may cause vigorous growth of some part of the plant while the rest of the plant remains ormant is not 80 generally known. Keepera of hot- houses have occasionally observed that a branch of a grape vine brought into a hot-house may unfold its uds even while the rest of the vine remains dor- mant while exposed ont-doors, and the roots may be in frozen ground, A good illustration of early growth of part of the lant by reason of local heat was observed on the ollege grounds early this spring. The south wall of Prof. McEwan's house is covered by a magnificent growth of Virginia creeper. The buds of most of the plant were waiting for warm weather and showed no signs of active growth, but the buds in front of an open chamber window showed a striking contrast. The window sash was raised about four inches and in this condition was left for many weeks. The warmer air from this chamber flowed over the leaf buds of the vine and called them into early activity, so that a fringe of green Jeaves bordered the window sill some weeks before the rest of the plant leaved out. This chaplet of living green was seen and admired by a large number of persons, Not only may premature growth be secured by local heat, but increased growth throughout the season and earlier maturity of blossom and fruit THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. 7 may be secured by local heat. This subject opens an interesting field for study and experiment to the florist and fruit-srower, The system of wall and terrace culture is only one illustration of this rinciple. A board placed behind a peach, pear, or unch of grapes, by intensifying the sun's heat, may produce an earlier or more perfect ripening than would be possible by simple exposure in the open air, THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. — ee me a —= Pullis livid Quarterly, oo the Ist of Angust, Oetoher, April, and June, EY THE SUDENTS 0 FR a THE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, Trius, 50 Crests 4A Year; —o SINGLE N@MBERS, 15 Cents. AUNVERTIBIEG RATES MADE KXOWS ON AFELICGATION. Ca" All subseriptions will be regarded as continued unless | we are nmotilied ta the contrary, == BeAr 8 Erith. 0, LOWE, Editor-in-Chief... lim. 1. . KE DMIE. 2.2... .....--- ---.Liteniry Articles and eviews. eoseesees BCL, BE, WOOT WUD oo a ee ee ee College Nowe. Jha Ti. TEDIE DD, 02. eens oun ened eens e nme eee eee cece eneneeeeeenen aman Forgonals, U. E. SMITH, Secretary... Correspondence, Exchanges, aml Colleges. ee ee ee | Business Maniger, PROM, &. OEMS oo ee eee ees wens enon enon eune eee "Treasurer, == = LANSING, MICH., AUGUST 1, 1583. — — J —- THE SpecvLtum has successfully passed its first era and it is with renewed efforts and a feeling of increas- ed confidence that it commences the second year of its existence. Organized as an experiment, it has proved itself worthy of the able support of both stu- dents and alumni. The success which it has attained is notably due to this support and to the admirable way in which it was managed, But the work must not stop here, as if we were content with these results, This is an age of progressive advancement, and it is only by continued and eareful work that Tue Srecv- LUM can expect to maintain its position with first- class eadllege journals. What we need to do at pres- ent is to place it on a sure foundation and to make it as permanent as the college itself. To thus per- petuate the paper and to furnish its patrons with interesting reading matter will be our first aim. It is with reluctance that the corps of editors assumes the duty of editing and sustaining THe SPECULUM, for it has become a very responsible work. While there is a chance for improvement in several directions, they can only promise to do their best to effect it. There is a growing tendency on the part of the students to think that Tue Srecviwst is simply a product of the editors, which is an impression that should be immediately corrected. One of its com- mendable features has been the originality of the thought expressed, but if this be maintained it must also receive the universal support of both alumnus and undergraduate. It is the exponent of the students, a ind proposes not only to express their particular needs, but to advocate those ideas that will ultimately benefit the college. When the students contribute more generally to the paper in a literary way, then will it have a stronger hold upon them and be assured of more general success. The high standard of purity which has so far been a characteristic of the paper will be preserved in the future. Articles that possess no merit or have no direct aim eannot expect to be reflected in THe Srrc- tLum. Especial care will be taken to make the per- soudls as full and interesting as possible, and it is hoped that the alumni will give material aid to the editor of this department by sending to him all per- sonal items of interest. No very important clianges will be made at present. The literary articles, instead of being solicited from the students at large, will be written by representatives from the four different literary societies, and will to a certain degree indicate the character of their work. By this plan we intend not only to receive good, readable articles without being troubled with the work of securing a writer, but also to encourage students in more effective society work, The tint of the cover has been changed for ohne more permanent and still equally attractive. We hope we may be assisted in our earnest efforts to pub- lish a good magazine and that we may be kindly cor- rected wherein we are wrong, thus. tending to make Tue Srecutum one of the best of college papers. We cant attention to the present condition of our ehapel and the need of anew one, To one who is familiar with the College or to one who has ever vis- ited it, the fact need scarcely be mentioned. In the infaney of the College, when classes were small and exercises but poorly attended, our chapel accommo- dated all, and in appearance accorded well with the other rooms and buildings. But sinee that time if has strode rapidly forward, and the appearance of our chapel is now no longer in harmony with the newer laboratories and class-rooms, Classes have increased in numbers, and on some occasions, as at commencement, when we most need a pleasant, com- modious chapel, it falls far short of accommodating those who desire to attend the exercises. In fact, a small party besides our regular students fills it to overflowing. In our daily routine we notice the defects of our chapel. Morning after morning we enter it and again and again notice its poor condi- tion; the appearance of the room itself is so simple that it fails to awaken in us that feeling of reverence. which is due. On Wednesdays even the terrified ora- tor sees amid the confused ideas of lis wandering mind its ill, unworthy appearance. None of the members of the College can be satisfied with it, and we hope that it will soon be replaced by one of which we may not be ashamed, We may claim for our Col- lege the honor of being the pioneer, that it has been, to a marked degree, an examplar for the agricultural colleges of other States, and inasmuch as success has 8 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. always attended its efforts, nothing should be left undone that a prosperous appearance demands or that may add in any way to the effectiveness of its work. Neither should we be quietly supplanted by other States. We have but to look west to see the fine, commodious chapel of the Towa or Kansas Agri- enlitural College, both many years our junior. While we do not advocate any extravagance, we think that Michigan can well afford her Acrieultural College a suitable chapel. The College is becoming better and more popular every day. Laboratories, with conven- ient and well-furnished elass-rooms, add beauty and thoroughness and show mucl+ advancement. Our new library and museum we may speak of with pride. Large and commodious bars besides their usefulness add greatly to the looks of the farm. The general appearance of the College in all its depart- ments indicates a thriving condition, and in order that it may continue to be blessed with prosperity so conspicuous a portion of the institution as the chapel ought not and cannot be neglected. We aca urge each alumnus, who possibly can, to attend the coming reunion. It will be largely attend- ed, over two-thirds of those who have answered the Secretary's circular saying they will come. The local committee will endeavor to make the alumni and their friends as comfortable as circumstances will admit. Transportation to and from town will be low. | All the railroads entering Lansing that have been heard from—all have been heard from save one— grant reduced rates to those attending these exer- cises. So the expenses will be low. In order to get the reduced rates the alumni and their accompanying friends must have certificates from the alumni Seere- tary. Therefore, if you have not already done so, it is important that you write to the Secretary the num- ber of friends coming with you and the road on which you will come. With the assurance of a large reunion, few incon- veniences, and low expenses, every alumnus within reach ought to be present. It comes ata time when you can well afford to break loose from daily duties for a short time and visit Alma Mater. You will be interested in revisiting the College and freshening the memories of some of the most pleasant years of your life; in meeting and becoming acquainted with other alumni, in élasping the hands of old eollege friends and classmates, and learning of their trials and sue- cesses in life, * Come! Do not let little things prevent you from coming, but put everything aside for at least one day and attend the reunion, Oxe OF THE prime objects of our labor system is to illustrate the principles taught in the class-room. To do this there must be an intimate relation between . the teacher and the superintendent of the work. In fact, the only way to carry this out effectively is to have each kind of work in charge of the professor who teaches the study relating to it. Under the present condition of affairs the horti- cultural department is not as valuable, practically, 18 it should be. In the elass-room we are taught the most improved and economical methods of growing fruit, caring for orchards, and other similar opera- tions pertaining to horticulture. If, then, while at work, we could make a direct application of these theories they would become valuable to the student. But, to our loss, this eannot be done, He who has eharge of the work adopts a system differing, in nearly every particular, from the one taught us, so that what was learned in class becomes of no value as anal while at work. It thus becomes a matter of importance that hg who imparts instruction atone time should direct its application at another. The college has grown to such an extent that there ia plenty of work for professors of both botany and horticulture. The prosperous condition of affairs on the farm department illustrates the effectiveness of the princi- ple. It is hoped that this matter will not only receive thought from the proper authorities, but action that will benefit both students and college. Ir 1s aratiryiG to the friends of this college to know that itis very popular throughout the country and that its work is appreciated for its real value. Its growth has not been rapid but it has been sure. Those who were engaged in founding this college pursued their work with untiring energy. The way in which difficulties were met and overeome in this task and the one that followed in placing the school on 2 aolid basis, indicates the spirit that accompanied the labor. Men who have spent the best part of their lives for the sake of this college are just beginning to reap their rewards. It is strange yet itis true that some of the most radieal opposition eomes from the farmers. Their lack of sympathy for this kind of education is simply due to ignorance, They over- estimate the amount of money that it costs the people of the State to support this institution, and they underrate its value to the agricultural classe§. But. since self praise is not very weighty, perhaps one would be better able to pass judgment if he knew how we were esteemed by those who live outside of our State. Jt is testimony that speaks for itself. A late issue of the New York Tribune says: “An institution lke the Michigan Agricultural Collecze, or that of Iowa, is worth to the farming interests of this country a dozen ‘Departments of Agriculture’ like the one at Washington, which the country pays for at the rate of say half a million dollars a year.” Another paragraph advises, “farmers and others who have sons to educate to apply for and read the annual catalogues of the following excellent institu- tions: Agricultural College, Lansing, Mich.: Agri- cultural College, Ames, Iowa; * * * At the time Clawson wheat was introduced ‘into this State it proved to be a very valuable variety for the THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. farmers to raise. not graded as first-class wheat. A prominent Chi- cago paper said recently that when Dv. Redaie exposed this frand and proved the wheat to be of a superior quality, he saved more money for the farm- evs of Michigan than it has cost to maintain this Collece simee its foundation. Very complimentary notices iIndecd, but considering the source they can- not be regarded as meaningless. Farmers of Michi- gan this Colleve is looking out for vour best interests, It has alvendy done enough to merit your hearty support. In the future use your influence im its favor and thus mid it in doing valuable work for your people. Maxy¥ vanvuanLe ideas are derived from the lecture which is delivered before the students once each fort- night by some member of the faculty, But of late there lins developed a desire to hear professors from other colleges or some of the public leeturers of note. To supply this demand we have been favored, wnder the auspices of the Young Men’s Christian Agsocia- tion, with two excellent lectures. While upon this organization must be conferred the honor of intro- ducing the project, yet in the mimis of many there seers to be a more satisfactory method of operating it, The better way of having a course of lectures 1s through the means of an association formed for that special purpose. If, then, it has for its prominent features the remedied objections to the present sys- tem, it is something that should be established here atonce, The lectures are at the expense of the stu- dents and should consequently be under their control. Then, too, with a more general organization, com- posed of most of the students, one would be justified in engaging the more expensive speakers. The most costly is seldom the best, still there are some profes- sional leeturers whom we would like to hear, but this could only be done at a considerable outlay of money, The objection to the present system is that the Young Men's Christian Association has only a few members, the number being limited in consequence of the faet thnt no one ean join who is not already a member of some church. This places the whole matter in the hands of a few, when, instead, the wishes of all should be consulted in order to gratify their taste as far as possible. A lecture asscciation would obviate this, and at the same time have a more solul finan- cinl basis. If this matter should receive the prompt attention of the students, it would result In many hiehly entertaining lectures. il Copsideralle has been said azainat ihe present workings of the labor avstein in the horticultural department. In the whole | welghs 210 lbs., while one member looks down on the world digeusston we do not remember to have heard one werd in ite favor, There can be no doubt that the work is very poorly super- intended, owing perhaps to the fact that one man la obliged ta Jeachle after everything. We belleve, however, that the students could do much to improve the syatem, if they reatly desired, Gece, honest work would surely help. Try it. It is but just to say that the grounds look much better than they did wt his time last yeur. But in order to defraud them it was | ! i a COLEERGE s * ee a a a i a a a Ba i Union College has made President Arthur an LL. D. Harvard hes received over $300,000 in gifta during the poat year, Fill Beta Kappa bas recently eatablished a chapter at Cornell University, Benatar Poseph Erown lias given 350,000 te the State Univer. alty of Georria, the interest of which is ta be used to aid in Slucebinig [Or YOUN nen, Columbia is the wealthieat college in the United States, and oue of the largest in nuwber of atidents, She bas had during the last vear 1ak7 students. Over one hundred students geaduated from the Medioal Depart. ment of the Michigan University at the last commencement, nnd forty from the School of Pharmacy. At Yale's commencement, all the alumol of more than fifty years’ standing were lnvited to take seatson the platform, Half a dozen or mare old gray-sheaded men came forward. The Indies’ hall at Olivet, which was destruyed by flre last spring, is being rapidly rebullt. Itis intended to have it ready for oecupiey at the opening af the winter term in December. The Hon. Thomas FP. Bayard delivered an oration on ** Daniel Webster" before the Phil Beta Kappa society at Dartmouth commencement, in commemoration of the centenary of Web. éber’s death, At the Mass. Agvicultural College great attention is given the nursery, and in a tanner that makes it quite an lioportant source of revenue. Over 16,000 young fruit trees were sold from there last spring. Frof, Howard, who, for the past two years, has had ¢harge of the musical departinent of Olivet College, closed his labors there in June to aceept a more lucrative position in the Boaton Conservatory of Music. J. K. Myers, of Louisville, Ky., has been elected Professor of Chemistry and Fliyeies of the Agricultural and Mechanical Col- leve of Miss., to fill the vacancy enuaed by the death of Prot. hi. BF. Redele, of class of ‘TL. The first college paper ever published in the United States originated at Dartmouth, It was called the Gazeffle and made lta appearance In Auguat, 1790. Daniel Webster was at one time a coutributor te ibs pores. Dr. Chadbourne, the new president of Massachusetts Agri- eultural Collere, isa DD. D. He was at one time president of Williams College, where he served some time as a professor, and bas ales been president of Wisconsin University. The students of Iowa Agricultural College must have had an exellent opportunity to observe the effects of drainage. Under the supervision of Frof. Knapp over five niles of drain tile have bec laid on the college far during the present season. Frank F. Jewett, for the past two years Instructor in Chemia- try in Oberlin College, has been appointed Professor of Chem- istry in that institution, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Prof. W. KK. Kedzie, & graduate of this College of the class cb “TO Prof, Wm. ‘Prokeee, of the Wiseoneln University, a promi- nent writer on botanical subjeels, who visited our colleges a year agro, ling recently taken unto himself a wife from among the fair daughters of Madison. We congratulate the Professor and ' also the fortunate lady. The honorary degree of Ph. I. has been conferred on Miss Alice Freeman, the newly elected president of Wellesley Col- lege, by Michigan University, Six members of the faculty of Wellesley are graduates of the University. It apeaks well for western institutions when the East looks to them for lnatructors, Freat, Seelye, of Armherst, is sugzested by some of the Mas- suchueetts papers as a possible candidate for Governor, and Priest. Eliott, of Harvard, is also spoken of as a congressional candidate, It is seldom that we see prominent educators taking an active part ln politics. Perhaps it would aid in purifying the eyeterm if we had more, ; The average annual expense for the four years of the gradu- ating clacs of Michigan University has been $39, Their heavy from a height of Gift. 4)in. Their average age is 23 yre. 2 mos.: the oldest member being 2 yrs. 9 mos., and the youngest 19 yrs. Ginos. Out of 202 persons who entered only (4 graduated, The average age of the graduating class of Yale is 22 yra. 1 mo., the youngest member being 20 yra. 1 mo., the oldest do vra. Goins. One man weighs 200 lbs., one ie 6 ft. 24 in, in | height, and one wears a Tj hat, having the largest head on 10 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. Yale's record, Thirty-cight Intend to be lawyers, 17 doctors, 8 teachers, 4 missionaries, and 29 business men. The average expense for the course was $867 for the Freshman year, sag for the Sephomore, $1,048 for the Junior, and $1,063 for the Benior, It is Impossible for us who have never witnessed such a spec- tacle to realize fully the loss Grinnell College, of Towa, has suf- fered by the terrible cyclone that passed over there afew weeks Two of their main buildings were completely demolished and a third was consumed by fire, caused by the combustion of some chemicals in the laboratory, It will take thema long time to recover from this blow, but with true weatern energy they have set about obtaining funds sufficient to rebuild, Itis to ba hoped that its alumni and frlends will respond liberally in this her darkest hour. The meeting of the Teachers of Agricultura was held at the Towa State Agricultural College July 4-7, The atbendanos was not large; bat the meeting was one of interest and profit, The tlme was oceupled in the discussion in an informal way of tho following topica: Farmers’ Institutes; Courses of Study for Agricultural Colleges; Labor of Students, Shall it be Compul- sory? Is it Better to have the College Farm Large or Samal]? Shall it be Used for Experiments or Farmed for Profit? Co-ope- rative Experiments; Apparatus for Illustration in Teaching Practical Agriculture; ete. A wide diversity of opinion and practice was apparent in the remarks of delegates from the dif- ferent colleges. Compulsory student labor was only required at our College (Mich.), and this is the problem which other colleges as wellas our own must solve, Frof. ‘Townsend, of Ohio, was elected President and Henry, of Wis., Secretary. The next meeting will be at Columbus, Ohio, in June, 1653. The Iowa Agricultural College, though young in years (orgaa- ized in 1869) has taken a place in the front rank of our agricult- ural echools, It is located about two miles from Ames, a pleas- ant village in the central county of the State, Story. The approach to the college, through the spacious campus, gives & stranger a pleasant impression of the buildings and surround. ings. The buildings, with the exception of the main edifice, are plain in external appearanee, but finished and furnished for con- venience in use. ‘The farm department is most ably managed by Prof. Knapp, who is giving special attention to the cultiva- tion of the grasses to which the farm seema adapted, and is breeding Short-horn and Holstein cattle, Percheron horses, and Southdown sheep. An experimental creamery, to be enlarged soon, is used in making some experiments and in glying instruc- tion in the best methods of making butter and cheese, two of the great staples of Iowa agriculture, The fleld experiments are on quite a large seale, eome forty acres being devoted to this purpose. Evidences of order and system were apparent everywhere on the farm premises, Prof. Budd, who hascharge of the horticulture, is in northern Europe, sent there by the Iowa State Board of Agriculture to study the hardy fruits of that region, Heis doing valuable work and developing his depart- ment in a most creditable manner, Frest. Welch, who hag been the President of the College since its organization, is well known in Michigan as a former Principal of the Normal School and a member of the State Board of Education. COLLEGE NEWS. Ti Saag eee Da ti eg a The new tool shed is completed. Bubserlbe for Toe Srecenyem; Vol. IL Send for the Commencment Annual, Come to the Alumni Reunion Augost 16th. The new News Gatherer makes his bow to the public. The roof of old College Hall is being repaired by Mr. Mohn. The number of visitors to the College is larger than ever this year. The farm department recently purchased a “ Buckeye " twine self-binder. Dr. A. Jd. Murray, of Detroit, is lecturing to the Seniors in veterinary ecience, Vol. lof THE SrectLum will be printed at the office of the Lonainy Republican, A large black dog recently attended a lecture in meteorology, He seemed to enjoy it. Prof. Cook recently delivered an exceedingly practical lecture on ‘Smoking and Drinking.” The Sentore have secured Speil's orchestra, of Detroit, for commencement and class-day. _ The cherteal experiments with regard to the amount of sugar in sorghum will be repeated this vear. Aa The commencement exercises will be held under canvas. A large tent has been secured at Battle Creek. During Ita flrat year the College legal bar has only tried one case. Is the mew system o foilure, or are we growlug more orderly? Prof. Bessey, of Towa, gave the class In entomology a ehort talk recently. He urged chiefly the tmportance of labora. tory work. A large party of students attended the commencement at Ann Arbor: The University isa great place, but “there's no place like home,” The Juniors enjoyed their short course in apiculture. Prof. Cook has a national reputation as an Entomologist, and ls a decided enthusiast. The old ball grounds have been given up, and a new “din. mond "laid out on the other side of the road, The striker now faces to the southeast. The varlous literary socloties will probably hold banquets and reunions at commencement. The Deltas will celebrate their 10th birthday Aug. 14th. The Eelecties held the only literary meeting in College July jet. Delegations from the other societies attended and enjoyed the hospitality of the lively ‘* Tleks.” An effort will be made to publish the Senlor clasa-day exer- cises and orations in pamphlet form for the benefit of these who desire Some souveuir of the occasion. The Wth national convention of the Delta Tau Delta Frater- nity will be held at Cleveland, Ohlo, Aug. 24th, Quite a number of delegates will go from the chapter here. Work has at last been started on the road between Lansing and the College. By the memory of many along and muddy walk from town, we hope the good work will gu on. Mr, H. U1. Harrington, of Miss., is taking a special course in chemistry -with Dr. Kedzie. Mr, H. was assistant to the late Prof. BR. F. Kedzie at the A. and M. College of Miss. Prof. Samuel Dickie, of Alblon College, lectured before the students June 2d. His subject was “Robert Burns," and the lecture is considered one of the best ever delivered here. Mountings, Including driving clock and right ascension and declension circles, were recently received from London for the telescope. These, when put in place, will add much to its use. A Junior with a bug net and bottle ig the most impresaive sight of the term thus far, Seekers after the beautiful are respectfully referred to a dignified member of "83 in full pursuit of a butterfly. The College garden, though hardly equal to last year's, shows in some departments the reault of good management. Pota- toes, peas, and onions look best. Considerable celery has been set out of late. Many Freahmen are doing excellent work in botany this year, Each one will prepare a thesis showing the results of original investigations. This branch of the study grows more popular with euch year. Dr, Kedzie gave the Juniora three hours of experiments in electricity recently. ‘The Charge of the Heavy Brigade" was a very small affair by the side of the charge of electricity he gave the class in a body. The Sophomores are having a good drill in rhetorieals under Mr. Harrower. Each one delivers two original declamations before the class, We expect a tremendous outpouring of elo- quence from them next term. Fishing at Pine Lake ia all the rage, Quite a number of stu- dent parties have been out, but most have returned with the traditional ‘‘fisherman’s luck.” The largest fish thus far has been caught by Mra. Mallory. The rumor has recently been started that one of our Seniors is married. We trust it ls without foundation. We look to the class of ‘823 for example and inspiration. Boch an example should be discouraged at once. The Wednesday afternoon rhetoricals are generally well attended by students. Itis hard to expect students to Naten with profound attention to old farmers’ institute lectures, as they are sometimes called upon to do, The College band provided musle for the celebration of Deco- ration Day at Lansing. Much of the dignity was taken from their departure from College by the appearance of the mule team sent from Lansing for their conveyance. The cattle on the farm were never in bettar condition than at present, The popularity of the herd ie evinced by the number of orders recelved. The demand for Herefords and Galloways is best. Considerable stock ia sold to old students and alumui. Orders have been received this term for seventeen Southdown lambe, seven going to Judge Marston, of Saginaw. THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. — 11 The fine Hereford calf on the farm was recently sold to a Lan- eiyr busines man. The eile was the shortest on record, It took just sixteen words to complete the bargain: * What's that ealf worth the day he's one year old?" “"&a00,"° “Tl take him.” At the Sherthomn sale in Chieageo laste June Prof, Jolineen eocuped a bull andl three yearling heifers for the College Hered, They are Col. Arcourt 2d, by 2d Duke of Northumberland, bred by Winslow Bros. aud Mary, loan Duchess, aml Imported Mar- tiet, bred by A. d, Streeter & Bon, The College band played at Pine Lake at the Fourth of duly eelobration. They returned in an exhausted comdlthon on the meornitye of the Sth. ‘Their music was all blown away. anil thev seemed most cminenthy “fit for treasen's stratagems and spoils," Their music during the day was exeellout, The comdltion of crops : Ay jeseyi - | - + crumb de i ys am tie Burm many le: ches ritedd as fl \uler. Stulents were forbidden ta enter the patel. We have lows: Hayan excellent crop amk well seeared, yield will be about two and one-half tons per were, ja fine. DPotataes, cits, amd ports sew, backward, as itis in all parts of the eceunty. Capitol Grange, of Lansing, held a pienie on the grounds June Sih. ner were net entirely satiated with their feast, and wiil probably Herb Pepeut the experiment. The faculty said grace in an impressive and somewhat expensive mini, Pref, Gook takes a peirdanable pride in the appenrance of his plum trees. He spent ten minutes for fifteen nights in ilnstrat- ing to the Juniors his method of destroying the plum curculio, ronotedic bela meerem pele. AS CoS Cy Las he he lis pore pel nis om two trees than the whele College orchard con saw, Group pietures seem to be the style, Last year the RrECU- Luu Eds. cracked the plotegrapher’s instrument tally, He has securel ao new oone, however, and the rush begins agin, The Freshmen tend with a pleture of their chias oMecers, and the College cholr, anxious to perpetuate their fare, come next. Rev. L. B. Platt, of Qwoeen, lectured before the ¥. M. C. A. July 21st on “The Pawnec Indians. * The lecturer had spent some time with the Pawnees, and his descriptions of the buffato hunt, Indian battle, ete,, were very entertaining and instructive. After the lecture Prof. and Mrs, Cook entertained the Juniors at their home, where the aspiring entormologists pussed a very pleasant eveuing. Quite a number of students turned themselves into canvassers last vacation. Tho honest fanners of Clinton and Shiawassee eounties are just recovering from the wind ence bed bey theses book-agents in endeavoring to show forth the beauties of ™ The Royal Path of Life." Students who have relurned alive from the seene of conflict state that while large sume of money are to be made at canvassing, they are perfectly ready to give up their chance. The Ex. Commitiec of the State Ag’l Bechet, with mernbers of the Pioneer Society, the State Grange, etc., visited the Col- lege June 8th. After several hours spent in examining the Col- lege and grounds, a meeting was held in the chapel. Short specehes were made by Preeklent Abhet, Governor Jerome, Philo Parsons, and others, which were well received by the stu- dents. ‘The advice of Governor Jerome, “don't fhind of leaving Michigen,” was particularly good. The averige The wheat Com is somewhat The alumni reunion promises to be a great success, Every slumnue and old student should plan to be here. “Come back to your mother, ve children; fou Shae, Who have wandered, like truants, for fortune and fame! With a smile on her face, ed a sprig in her cap, She calls you to feast from her bountiful lap ‘Take a whiff from our tiebla, and your excellent wives Will declare it’s all nonsense insuring your lives.” The College Pun and Conundrum Club, whoee doings were chronicled in Vol 1, has gone the way of all flesh. It was ensy for its members to compose puns, but so much time was spent in explaining them that the project proved unprofitable, [ts last addition to literature is worthy of note, The remark wae rake to the President of the elub thut the College orchard looked very plcturesyuc, A gleam of Light flaahed for an instant in the dull eyes of the chief as he answered, “ Yes, | have often picked yer esc-ulent fruit there.” Prof, Cook ia conducting a namber of curlons experiments this vear, The Juniors follow the experiments with original investigations, He will try te find just how poiaonous Paris green amd London purple a1, and if anything: can be fowl te take their places, Sooinll quantities of Paris green will be placed an yours apples and other fruits tu see how much eon le weed with safety. In the aplary efforts will be made to discover the nature of the droppings found at the bottom of the hives. Do bens ever breed without pollen? How much honey is tisaeck ith inaking comb, atl ean the queen Lecorme lertilised In the lives? The students that help thomeelves tea pieuie din- | | awell, near Williams Hall. |W. B. Kirby: date, Aug. dth. The experiments on the farm are progressing finely. Flve varieties of wheat were received from the Department of Agri- culture, at Washington, and eight from Prof. Lazenby, at the Ohio State University, Of the varieties received from Waslhi- ington the Rennett & Arnold's Gold Medal promise the best, while of the other the Champion Amber and York White scem preferable. The plat of Bailey's Enailage corn is the wonder of the nelghborhood, and in fact the whole space devoted bo exper. iments 15 a model for order and trift. Dr, Beal spoke in chapel recently on the subject of fruit-pick= ing, Considerable damage has been done in the past by atu- dents carelessly helping themselves to fruit laid aside for exper- imental purposes. It ia certainly hard to have ones experi- ments tulied inthis way. If the experimental lots were labeled plainly “Experiment” we do not think they would be meth nolested. The matter of strawberries was mentioned im puurtic- had strawberries at the boarding hall from the Colleze garden just twice, Berries have rotted on the vines, It is hard to see vegetable matter decay when the students could casily have prevented decom position. A“ Union Meeting” of the four literary societies was held in the rocins of the Union Literary Soclety July 7th. Each society orchestra piayed two selections, and a short literary programme was given as follews: Eseay by Mr. Page, of the Eclectics; poem by Mr. Hailey, of the Phis; story by Mr. Eldridge, of the Union Lits, and recitations by Mr. Collingwood, of the Deltas, The music and literary exercises were excellent, flute solos by Mr. Rauchiues being partleularly good, After the exerclacs, the heavy literary weights forgot their dignity In a general dance in the armory, We understand this was the firet meeting of the hind ever held in college, It was adechled suecess, and reflects thuch eredit upon its vriginators. May there be more to folleew, It is amusing sometimes to watch a stranger to the Institution attempt to drink some water from the sulphur spring, known as We saw such an attempt made an honest farmer last week, He had walked about the grounds till heated and thiraty: he spied the pump, with its tempting. looking dipper hanging so pieturesquely from the nail, Ashe joyously worked the handle, ylalons of “The Old Gaken Bucket” and the home of his childhood flashed through his mind, but when he took one taste of the solution of ** sulphide of hydro- gon” that eame gushing from the pump, a pained expression came over hia face, and he walked away a sadder, equally thirsty, and wiser man, Students of Williams Hall elther drink this water or travel to Wella Hall and enjoy a solution of ¢lay and momen. The various class-day exereises promise to be unusually inter- esting this year. The Seniors will hold their exercises at the College, while the three lower classes will celebrate at the Lan- aing House, The officers are us follows: Senlora—President, J. H. Irish: Grater, J. W. Beaumont; Poot, J. M. MeClear; Historian, T. F. Millapaugh; Prophet, E. A. Murphy; Btatlatl- clan, W. H. Colfron; Toast Master, L. H. Bailey, Jr. In the game order the Junior officers are—W. F. Hoyt, A. C. Bird, A. C. Redding, L. A. Buell, C. P. Bush, J. T. Mathews, and A, M,. Bamber; date, Aug. 11th. The Sophomores—O. C. Lillie, C. E. Smith, W. D. Tarry, C. P. Gillett, O. 8. Bristol, J. Ib, Hill, and The Freshmen—H. W. Meeker, D. J. Strvker, E. Ik. Lake, J. B. Leonard, W. D. Watkina, FP. B. Otis, and E. $8. Antisdale; date, July 28th. The members of the new Editorial Board take the liberty of introducing themselves to the readers of THE SPECULUM. Cur innate motesty prevents our saying anything in regard to the per- sonal appearance or literary attainments of the new Board. Po- litically we are eomewhat divided, there being four Republicans, two Independents, and one Denmoerat. On the subject of co- education four are most decidedly In favor and three equally decked sygalnst: the negatives, though in the minority, occupy much the position of the Irishtnan who was “ willing to be con- yineed, but I'd like to see the man that could convince me," We shall endeavor to slay by the helm and steer the new SPEC- UTLUM in much the same course she took last year, louking to students and alumni for help and encouragement. In this department we shall try to present “College News” in au attractive form, and at the same time keep our eves open, ready to commend what is goo and erltleise what la wrong—" for some must witch while some must sleep; so runs the world away." Co-cducation is probably destined to become the great lsaue in College polities. The question has been gomewhat discussed, but thus far we think ne expression of feeling in the matter has been taken. It is suid that straws show which way the wine Liows, and recently a SPECULUM man sharpened up hls pencil, and started out to canvass the Colloge, or in other words to toss upe “straw.” The reault shows that a perfect tornado is blow- ing in favor of co-education., 167 students were interviewed, 12 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. Of these 147 are in favor and 10 areagainst. The vote analysed shows that one Freshman, two Sophomores, one Junior, and five Seniors oppose the measure. Varlous theories are advanced to explain away the fact that one-half of the opposition comes from the Senior class, The advocates of tha measure claim that the Seniors, belng about to close their College course, are insensible to the advantages and charms of the society of ladies. On the other hand, it is clalmed that the perchology and logic of the Senior year have brought the Senior to the bot- tom of every question, and hence they have discovered argu ments against co-education that cannot be seen by Freshmen, A majority of the faculty are also believed to favor the measure. “BPE RSONALS. THe Evliter of this Department desires the carnest co-operntion of the alumolin alding him lo fll these columna with interesting iLema. Give occupation since graduation, what offices held, whether married ar net, ete, Let this receive prompt-attention from overy Alumnna. mig ee ae ee a ea L. A. Lilly, "77, will be here commencement week. DeWitt C. Postle, '75, la farming near Columbus, Ohio. A. 8. Hume, "74, has bought a large farm near Lansing. c. B. F. Bangs, '76, is now located on a farm near Lansing. J. A. Briggs, ‘79, was admitted to the bar at Monroe in April, James Braselngton, 76, is a farmer and teacher at Hart, Mich. Frank L. Carpenter, ‘73, la practicing law in Grand Rapids, Mich. J. W. Higbee, Ti, is an aplarlet at Walla Walla, Washington Territory. B. D. Halstead, ‘71, ia one of the examiners of schools in Pas- galc, N. d. J. L. H. Knight, ‘81, is Myrth, Neb. Orrin Harris, for one year with the boys of "83, is teaching near Pontiac, D. W. Andrews, once with 79, is in the insurance business at Stanton, Mich. M. 8. Thomas, 79, is the candidate for the class cup at the coming reunion. George A. Young, for nearly two years with '74, is a machiniat at Battle Croek. i B. F. Haletead, '73, is a lawyer at Harbor Springs. He is also Justice of the Peace. W. E. Plimton, formerly with the class of ‘72, is practicing law in St. Joseph, Mich. C. Pirnle Cronk, 70, entered the Signal Service Department at Fort Myer, Va., July 1. A. E. Calkins, 'T2, graduated in the department of medicine at the University last June, George DD, Faxon, a member of ‘TG for three years, is a pros- percus farmer near Lyons, Mich. C.F. Davis, "80, is Professor of Chemistry and Mathematics in the Agricultural College of Colorado. T. E. Dryden, ‘79, entered into partnership with his father in the hardware business at Allegan, March Ist. L. W. Dickerson, onee with 72, has recently been‘ coining " money through the rise of Detroit real estate. A. E. Smith, "81, is selling goods in Illinois for a Chicago firm. He will enter the Rush M College this fall. H. W. Wixon, once with the class of 'T8, has been in the hard- ware business at Crowell for the last five yeara, W. L. Kelley, for three years with the class of 'T5, is farming in Kansas. He ie married and has two children. Daniel Strange, ‘67, has expended over $5,000 In improve- ments on his farm at Oneida, during the past year. C. E. Bush, ‘61, intends to spend next winter in the South, principally in Florida, for the benetit of his health, Staley N. Chapin, for two years with "71, is engaged in the dry goods business in Chicago. He is not married. Cc. L. Bemis, "T4, superintendent of schools at Portland, Mich., has had his salary raised to $1,000 per annum. Prof. Johnson attended the Association of Professors of Agri- culture held at the Iowa Agricultural Colloge, July 4-7. Dusty" Oakes, "T4, has given up farming, and is now study- ing law in Ionia, He takes quite an interest in politics. * John E. Taylor, '76, is a prosperous farmer at Belding, Mich. He is chiefly interested in stock raising. He 6 married, pleazantly situated on a farm near William Sloss, '76, 18 summering at Petoskey. He thinks of lovating there permanently. He ia not in very good health. Miss E. F. Sherwood, one of the teachers in the pubile achools at Alpena, is here taking a course in manipulation in physics. James W. Gifford, once with '78, owns a large claim in Idaho, where he is engaged in mining. Hie address is Albion, Idaho. Byron J. Robertaon, once with the boys of #2, was married to Misa Kosamond Gray, of Breedaville, Van Buren Co., July 23. David E. Hinman, who was a student here when the college firet opened in 1857, is a prominent lawyer in Buchanan, Mich. Dr, J, T. Frazer, ‘72, has relinquished his veterinary practice, and is confining himself wholly to farming at Fowlerville, N. Y. Arthur Elsby, once with '82, graduated from the Grand Rap- ida Business College in ‘81. He is now teaching at Oakfield, Mich. E. UC. Spalding, for two years with "82, made the College a short visit last week, He had juat returned from a trip through the Weat. H. OC. Sessions, once with the clase of "70, is a prominent candidate for congress from hls district. His address ls Tonla, ee th ‘83, is all rod in Imer, formerly with ' a tadlroad surveyor Ononon. the Northern Pacific R.R. His address is Pendle- ton, Oregon. F. E. Miller, more definitely, “Major Miller," once with the clase of "69, is pleasantly located on a farm of his own near Grand Rapids. Cc. B. Charles, "79, the very successful farmer of Bangor, i this year “cutting tons of grass" where two years ago was a tamarack swamp. Just as we go to press word comes from F, W. Hastings, "78, stating that “she ia healthy and weighs seven pounds.” She arrived on July 24. R. T. McNaughton, "78, ls studying landscape gardening at Chicago, to better prepare himaelf for his work on the cemetery grounds near Jackson. H. A. Haigh, "74, has written a series of articles on Rural Law, which have been published in the late numbers of the American Agriculturist, A. B. Poebles, "77, completed his theological course at Ober- lin, Ohio, last June. He haa settled at Mackinaw as pastor of the Presbyterian church. W. S. Hough, once with "83, took a prominent part in the French play, ‘‘ Les Plaideurs,” which was acted at the Univer- sity commencement week. L. A. Strong, a student here for nearly two years with the class of "83, has been teaching and farming since leaving. His address is Vicksburg, Mich. Mise Ella Wood, formerly ao member of "#2, who has been spending the t year at President Falrchild's in Kansas, has returned from her western trip. Dwight B. Waldo, with ‘85, has been obliged to leave College for this term and next on account of poor health. He expects to return again next spring. Art. Turner, ‘81, was a successful teacher last year. He con- templates taking a trip to Northern Michigan to prospect a little. He says he will take in the triennial, Cc. W. Gammon, ‘79, owns a large elevator on the Bacramento River, and is doing a thriving business. He la one of the State Commissioners of Horticulture of California. The early graduates will be pleased to learn that John &. Strange, 69, has recently introduced military on his farm at Oneide. His forces consist chlefly of light infantry. W. W. Bemis, "76, taught school for some tlme after graduat- ing. He is now farming near Tonia, He intends hereafter to make sheep raising a specialty. Married Oct. 9, 1878, W. C. Morden, once with "83, was compelled to leave College on account of poor health, He is now farming near Clyde, Sanilac Co. It is rumored that he is soon to be married. It is reported that W. W. Daniels, ‘#4, Profeasor of Chemistry in the University of Wisconsin, is again visiting Europe during his summer vacation. He is completing his travels of a year ago. E. B, Fairfield, ‘71, and wife, formerly Mary L. Jones for two years with 72, have moved from Tecumseh to Grand Haven, where Mr, Fairfield has been appointed superintendent of achools. George E. Breck, "78, and wife, of Paw Paw, are taking a wedding tour through Wisconsin and Minnesota, and around the Great Lakes, They will return in Ume to be here at alumni reunion. THE COLLEGE S8FECTULUM. 13 John J. Bush, Jr., once with the boys of '83, has left college to take charge of his father’s business at Pentwater, He now expects to return next year and complete hia course with ‘Bd, L. A. Potter, once with 78, after leaving here, taught school for two years. He afterwards took oa course of study in the Detroit Medical College, graduating in 1880, He is now located at Hitcheotk, Towa, De. J. B. Griswold, one of the most prominent physlclans of Grand Rapida, and U. 5, Medical Examiner for his district, was & student here in 15635. He took a select course, making a ape- cialty of chemistry. Frank Benton, 'T9, recently shipped over three hundred Syr- ian and Cyprian queen bees to D. A, Jones, Ontario, Canada, all but two of which died en route, owing to the vessel being caught in the lecbergs. Mra. M. J. CG. Merrill, "@1, has bought a piece of land near Jackson, Which she will set out to amall fruits, taking charge of the work hereelf. She is one of the leading officers in the State Temperance Association. J. B, Ware, once with "82, hes just returned from a business trip to Mississipi. He ja soon to move from Grand Rapids to Rig Rapide, where he will have charge of the central offiee of three large lumber firms. E. ¥. Reynolds, once a member of the class of ‘72, completed the selentific course in Yale College two years ago. He has just graduated from the law school of Columbia College. His pres- ent address is Old Mission, Mich. A. N. Potter, assistant in mathematica at the University, spent afew days looking over the College some weeks since, 6 ie preparing a series of articles on Michigan schools and col- leges for a Pennsylvania echool journal. 8. T. Elliott, once with the bovs of ‘82, ia chief book-keeaper In the treasury department of the Massachusetts Benefit Aseo- ciation, the largest codperative life inaurance company in New England. Mr. Elijott is located at Boston. Edwin Fairchild, son of President G. T, Fairchild of the Kan- a6 Agricultural College, recently spent Sunday at the College. He is accompanying his father on an eastern trip, and while his father went on to Oberlin he came via Laneing. J. W. Macklem, for nearly three years with ‘78, taught school for three years after loaving College. He then entered the law department of the University, where he remained for one year. He is now practicing law at Minden, Sanilac Co. O. H. Hovey, once with ‘TH, is a graduate of the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music. He edited a musical journal and was a music teacher for several yeara. He is at present located at Reed City, and is editor of the Reed City News. Willlam Caldwell, 76, apent the first yoar after graduating In reading and in making a special atudy of some of the branches of his college course, In "77 he engaged in farming at Com- merce, where he still remains, He is unmarried. L. A. Hurlbut, 67, has been recently making extensive Im- provement in his orange grove, and is now one of the largest orange culturista in Florida, His property is aituated within the corporation of Crescent City, and is very valuable, C,. L. Ingersoll, ‘74, haa resigned his position as Professor of Agriculture in Purdue University. He has acevepted the Presi- dency of the Colorado Agricultural College, where his work begins August 1. We congratulate Colorado on her choice. E. J. Wiley, a member of '73 for two years, rocontly vialted the college. After leaving here he entered the Illinois Indus- trial University, graduating in 1873. For the last three years he has been principal of the public schools at Sault de Sie, Marie, Herbert Bamber, ‘81, has returned from Utah, where he has been engaged for the. past nine months as a railroad surveyor. He intends to enter the University this fall to take his pr il course in civil engineering. He will be here at the alutnnt reunion. Lt. B. Barber, for over three years with "$3, is very sick at hia home near North Lansing. He was taken with gastritis while teaching last winter, the disease assuming a very dangerous form, and becoming more complicated by the setting in of diabetes, ¢. E. Bessev, ‘69, Professor of Botany In the Agricultoral College of Iowa, recently spent afew days at the College. He waa one of those employed to lecture in the scientific depart- ment of the Peabody Institute, Salem, Mase., during the sum- mer course. I. P. Finley, '73, was taken severely sick in Missourl while studying up the tornadoes that have recently passed over that State, and was brought to his home in Ypsilantl He is now gradually Improving, and hopes to be able to be here at the Alumni reanion. L. F. Ingersoll, "74, left Button's Bay April 1 and tovk a two months’ tour through the East, visiting New York, Boston, and Washington. He has since been preepecting in Colorado and has finally settled at Fort Collins, where he continues the prac- lice of medicine. Willlam E. Frager, 70, graduated at Rosh Medical College, Chicago. He located at Lockport, Illinois, where he was very successful. Several years ago he was obliged to go south for his health, and has since been practielng at White Sulphur Springs, Hamilton Co., Florida. Oliver BR. Foote, who was drowned at Bouth Haven, July 13, was for two years a member of the class of "78. He was con- sidered by all who knew him as one of the most promising stu- dents in college, and his many friends formed while here will be deeply grieved at the sad news, Prof, 8. M. Tracy, '68, of the University of Missouri, in com- pany with two other professors, started forthe Iowa Agricultu- ral College to attend the meeting of the Professors of Acvicult- ure, recently held there, but was obliged.to give up his trip on account of the waah-outs on the railroads. C.J. Strang, 78, completed hia courae of study in theology at Andover, Mass., last June, but was not granted a diploma on acecunt af entertaining certain religious views in opposition to those taught at that Institation, His present ress is Decatur, Mich. He will be here commencement week. Oscar Clute, ‘#2, has a flourishing class in apiculture, for which his large aplary, thorough knowledge, extenalve library, and intelligent experience admirably fit him. Heretofore our our own State has been alone in this kind of work, and we are Jad to hear that Mr. Clute bas made the commencement in Wit. Hon. C. W. Garfield, 'T0, recently visited the Colloge. He ia urged to run again for the Legislature, but positively declines, owing to the ssurea of his other duties. It is currently reported that Mr. Garfield was offered the position of Professor of Agriculture at Purdue University, after the resignation of Prof, Ingersoll. Our business manager, Mr. D. C. Holliday, Jr., has been absent from College for the greater part of-this term, on account of sickness. He went to his home at New Orleans, La, to recelye treatment from hia father, Dr. D. C. Holliday. He is now greatly improved in health, and expects to again be with us before the close of the term. Henry Lapham, who was a student here in “65, pald the Col- lege a visit a short time elnce, He took a select course in chem- latry and botany, and has since been farming at Milwaukee, Wis. He ja son of the late J, I, Lapham, who was one of the moat eminent scientiata of Wisconsin, and for many years pres- ident of the State Historical Society. E. M. Preston, "62, has been obliged to give up his proposed visit to the college during eqmmencement week, on account of the unsettled state of business in the mining regions through- out California. Mr. Preston is a banker at Nevada City, Cal., and is not directly connected with mining; bot aa all business in that locality is to a considerable extent dependent upon the min- ing interesta, he thinks best not to leave. James P. Lewis, '7#, haa been engaged In farming since grad- uating, until last March, when he sold his farm and went into the hardware business in Firth, Nebraska, He is very euccess- ful and lies the business much better than farming, He has lost all his patrictiam for Michigan, king Nebraska much bet- ter: but he still retaine his love for his Alma Mater. He is not married and expresses great respect for a bachelor’s life. It always does the hearta of the friends of our college good to hear of the prosperity of its graduates, especially if they are erfecting their college education on a farm. Mr, Frank P. Hagenbueh, "79, is sureiy doing this, No young farmer in Mich- igan is more fortunately aituated than he, A beautiful farm, immense bara, a convenient and tasteful house, and a pretly and intellizent wife, are enough to make any man happy. He will be with ua commencement. G. F. Bea "68, taught school the winter after graduation. Tn the spring of "69 he recebred the appointment of deputy clerk of Genesee Co., which position he held for one year. He then entered the law office of Geo. H. Durand, Flint, Mich. In ‘70 he was admitted to the bar and began the practice of law at Lapeer, where he remained for two years. Since ‘72 he has been located at Detroit, where he has a good practice. He takes an active interest in politica. He is still unmarried. Dr. Kedzle, Prof. Cook, and Dr. Beal, and possibly President Abbot, Secretary Baird, and Prof, Johnson will attend the American Association for the Advancement of Science, to be held in Montreal, Ang. 24-26, Dr. Kedzie will present to the eoclety an article on ‘The sourees of mi en in planta, Prof. Cook will present articles on ‘‘ Danger in the use of Lon- 14 THE COLLEGE SPECULUM. don purple and Paris green as insecticides,” and * Do bees votd their feces in the dry state?” Dr. Beal will give an article on “Testing seeds.” We have received and read with great pleasure the commence- ment edition of the Brazos Co, (Texas) paper, which gives in full the exercises at the recent commencement of the Texas Agri- cultural and Mechanical College. We were especially pleased te note the high and generous praise that was given to the agri- cultural department, under the supervision of Prof. Cc... Georgeson, '78. There are frequent references, on the part of the President, editor, and Board, to the excellence and progress evinced in the management of this department. On the evening of June 14 occurred the formal opening of Prof. Prentiss’ new botanical laboratories and conservatories at Corneil University, there being a company of about two hundred and fifty present, The Professor recelyed many congratulations on the sueeess of the department since placed in his care. On July lhe and Mrs. Prentiss sailed for England, where he will spend his summer vacation. He stays in London and at Kew for three weeks, and the’rest of the time in South England, principally on the Isle of Wight, He will return about Sept. 16. REVIEWS. ee — er a a i iii INSECTS INJURIOUS TO FOREST AND 8HADE TREE, ULLE. TIN NO. 7 OF THE EXSTOMOLOGIOAL COMMISSION OF THE DEPARTMEST OF THE INTERIOR. aA. S. Packard, Jan., M.D, Washington, 144. This important work is a fit associate of the reporis that have been previously issued by the able Entomological Commission bof the Interior De ent. It contalns 255 pages, and is well illustrated. The that it is mainly a compilation and con- tains but little original matter, is no serious criticism. Dr. Packard has, ina very able manner, brought together the facta that were already known in regard to the various pests that attack our forest and shade trees, ao that now for the first time the practical men can get at them without securing o large library. The d a are full, the illustrations accurate and admirable, and the indexes of species attacking different trees, and the general index, can but prove of great value to entomologists. In this connection, we take pleasure In calling the attention of our entom readers to the several reports that will be found of great aid and interest in the pursuit of entomology, especially to those interested in the economic phase of the subject. Firat in importance and value are the reports of Riley, the Missouri State Reports. There are nine velumes of theese reports, and the rank of the author as the first economic ento- mologist in the world, his admirable skill as an artist, and his great opportunity, having devoted his time exclusively to this study, and having a wide correspondence with the practical agriculturists of the country no leas than with the sclontists, make theae reports of exceeding value to the practical entomol- ogista of the country. It is to be regretted that these reporta are out of print, and must be secured at second hand. The full set can be had at from $21 to B24. Prof. Riley bas just got out an index for the whole set of the reports, which adds materially to their value. The reporta of the Entomological Cormmiselon connected with the Department of the Interior, are also of much interest and value. Frof. Riley is chief of this Commission, and is ably supported by Professors Thomas and Packard. The reports of the Entomological Branch of the Agricultural Department, especially those of Dr. Riley and Prof. Comstock, are of exceed- ing value. All of these may be secured at the Departments from which they proceed. If one falla to secure them by per- sonal application, he may insure success by procuring the aid of a member of congress. Rivaling the reports of Riley in value are the reports of Illinois. These were commenced by the lamented Walsh, whose grand work in practical entomology stands unequaled, and whose influence in this field has extended wide through our country. After the death of Walsh the work was ably continued under Baron, and after the latter's death by Thomas, who has just issued the eleventh report. It is presumable that these reports can be secured through the state department of Tilincis. If not, they can be procured at second hand book sbores. Last but not least we mention the 14 reports of the late Dr. Asa Fitch of New York. - Dr. Fitch was long the honored state entomologist of New York, and the early reports are specially desirable, The American Entomologist, threa volumes, is aléo of no little value to the working entomologist, These volumes, as aléo the reports of Fitch, must be secured at second hand. EXCHANGES. . ne nt a Ra a8 ge ga ag il a a On assuming the position of exchange editor, and as one by one we glance over the contenta of our exchangea and notice the almost universal feeling of regret expressed by the retiring editors, we wonder if they regret the leaving more than we do the commencing. But fate decrees that we say something in this department and so we must. Moat of the last numbers of our exchanges are filled with inter- eating matter relating to their commencement or Senior class-day exercises. Some contain glowlng accounts of the anticipated pleasure during vacation; othera review the past and draw lew eons for the future; a few tell of misfortune and disappoint. ment. Allseem to welcome with gladness the closing of another college year and a few weeks’ recreation. The last number of the Chronicle is eapecially interesting, containing the rather lengthy Senior class-day exercises in full. Each exercise ia well written, but we think the class history is worthy of special menthon. The News Letter contains a well-written article entitled “A Pilea for Western Culture.” Considering the misfortunes under which they have labored, all its departments are very creditable. The material Inside the 'Versify in a measure atones for its ugly and uninviting external appearance. The College Journal remarks that it is a growing custom among college papers to give their last number to commence- ment exercises, and that, belleving it to be a good idea, they have adopted it. Asa matter of fact, ton pages, including the cover, are filled with advertizements and only eight devoted to reading matter, Quite a number of our exchanges might be eriticlaed for thia. They devote so much space to advertise. menta that they resemble an advertising circular more than a college journal, The Kaoz Studen!, as usual, le readable and entertaining. The synopses of the class-day orations are especially pleas- ing. Taually we consider the synopsis of an oration rather reading, but these are exceptions. The Student will be published bi-monthly during the coming year. We hope it will not lower its present high standard of excellence by so doing. We think itis the experience of most college students that when they sum up their expenses at the close of the year, they find them considerably more than that mentioned in the cata- logue of their respective institutions. We notice an editorial in the College Tranacrip?, published at the Ohio Wesleyan Univer- sity, upon this subject which so well accords with our views that we reprint a portion of it; The writer speaks first of the desire that all young men have of obtaining the most they can for the least money and the consequent strife among colleges to herald abroad the lowest possible ficures. Its own catalogue gives the average annual expense of each student as one hundred and fifty dollars, In regard to this the writer says: ‘“' The faculty does not intend to deceive, but the figures furnished are mis- leading. They are like all catalogue figures, and tell what a student may spend, but not what he does spend. There is aomething down deep in every American that tells him he must live like around him. While he is a student he must do as his class does, as his society does, as the majority of the students do, and thus expenses often depend less upon tuition and board than upon the prevailing disposition of the students and the custome of the college." The writer then gives atatistics from the graduating class, showing that thelr average annual ¢xpongse had been two hundred and seventy-five dollars, and of the class of ‘80 two hundred and twenty-five, and concludes that the annual average expense of each student is two hundred and fifty dollars. This exceeds the catalogue's figures by the mod- erate sum of one hundred dollars. We were pleased to read the above article in the Transcript, aa it furnishes just the informa- tion every young man wishes to obtain of an inatitution before he enters it, but which cannot be given in a catalogue's estimate of expense. The July number of the University Quarterly is just at hand. It contains a portrait of Prof. Henry Draper on the frontisplece, and gives quite an extended account of his career. It contains, also, several light but rather entertaining articles. The Quar- ferly has concluded to abolish the exchange department and gives ita reasona therefor, We think the personal department of the Quurterly rather incomplete, if its editora wish to enlist the hearty support of its alumni. The ex. man of the Niagara Index says he feels kindly towards every one, This will pleage the papers that he has been raking over the coals so much lately. We like his style of finishing up. He comes out squarely with his farewell and says he is glad to say it, and nothing could induce him to stay longer, We acknowledge the receipt of all our exchanges and exterd to them a cordial greeting for the coming year. a SPUDENTS WILL FIND AT G. W. KFRARY’S STORE A Large and Fine Stock of GENTS’ HATS AND CAPS IN THE LATEST STYLES. aw SLT LTELCLArScr, COMMERCIAL JOB PRINTING, L7S Wusahingion Avenue, Over J. WW. Higgs's Groeery, LANSING, MICH, MRS. J. G. ISBELL, Froprietor. BRATES, #2.00 PER DAY. ]. 0. HUFFMAN'S WORLD RENOWNED CANDIES. Siam reine melieses tame, Arend per piel, Chomamim tally, Scents per pound Pineapple tity, A cents per poured. Bite nity, 20 cents per peur, Viblla tally, BP cents per pound, Straw. berry laity, Meenas per pound. ALL HOWE FADE GOODS WARKASTED STRICTLY FORE. For Bread and lee Cream I[ Challenge the “World, ORDERS FOR PARTIES FILLED ON SHORT NOTICE, —e IONIA CITY LAUNDRY. Collars and Cujfs a Specialty. GOOD WORK GUARANTEED. COREY & OLMSTEAL, TOILA., - - - MICE. ce ee LANSING, MICH, | HUDSON HOUSE. M. HUDSON, Proprietor. LANSING, MICH RATES, 82.00 PER DAY. E. FRHRAZEL, + AT — ~ en 1 ~ PALACE DINING HALL. Opposite Afend's Halls A FUL LIXE OF CANDIES, CARES, OVSTENS, ETU., FINE: CATES A SPECIALTY. N. EL. RING'S RESTAURANT! On Michizin Arena, opposic Hepulticnn Ofiice, Laweing, Wiel, NEATEST AND BEST PLAGE IN THE GITY FOR MEALS zi. ttachedl! a Swe hee! Da Teas In SPE ASSST. Mo Saloon HEADQUARTERS FOR COLLEGE BOYS! Vv. ©. ROE, Bakery, Conlectionery, and hestanrant IGE CREAM AND OYSTERS IN SEASON. wunehes at all Hiscurs. ClGARS AND TOBACCO, 10= Michigan Avenue, Laneine. STUDENTS:—It will Pay You to Call on W. G. PATTERSON for Boots, Shoes, and Rubbers. REPAIRING NEATLY DONE, Washington Avenue, Lansing. ONE-PRICE BOOT 1254 wt Washingtom Awan, AND SHOE LANSING, Mich. eS © PECK, ESSELSTYN & CO. MANUFACTURERS OF AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN CRACKERS, CAKES, SWEET GOODS, AND CANDIES OF ALL KINDs, LANSING. - - MICHIGAN. — JOHN HERMANN, Opposite Opera Block, MERCHANT TAILOR, KEEPS THE LARGEST AND BEST STOCK OF Merchant Tailer’s Gaads IN MICHIGAN, BEST FIT FOR THE LEAST MONEY. Students, Come and Bee Ife. B. P. RICHMOND, JHwW Bl nant) LAW SING, MICHIGATL. R. R. WILSON EEEFS THE ZnT BHT staTs. Michigan dve., Opposite Chapman House. DAVIS’ CAPITAL BARBER 114 VWrashington Ave., Lansing. TT. AT. DAVIS, Fropricteor. SHOP, FIRST-CLASS WORK GUARANTEED. MOFFETT & JOHNSON, EN TiS TS .a Nitrous Oxide Gas or Vitalized Air given for the getiniess extraction of Teeth. Southzast corner of Washington and Mich. Aves, Lansing. GOODRICH HOUSE Lansing, Mich. 3 —— THIS HOUSE IS FOR SALE. APPLY FOR TERMS. PATBEHN TS! We continue toe get as Solicitera far Patents, Carants, Trade Marks, Copyrights, eté., for the United Stites, Cunads, Culm, Eng land, Franed, German, ete. Wo have heel thirty-five yours’ experience, Hatenia ¢liatnedd (rough wa are noticed in the SCoRNTIFIC AMER. CAN. $0.20 0 rear, shows the Progress of Science, is very interesting, and has an Address MOSS & OOF, Patent Solicitors, Purk Row, Kew York, This large and splemlid ilmetrated weekly paper, Cnormeans circulation. Publishers of SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, Uf Hana book abeaut Patents free, B - E". S [CMON S, 127 Washington Avenue, Dispnays ron tHe FALL TRADE tae FINEST axp LARGEST STOCK or DRY GOODS AND CARPETS THAT IT HAS EVER BEEN OUR PLEASURE TO OFTEN IN THE CITY. YOU WILL ALWAYS FIND GOODS JUST AS REPRESENTED, AND OUR PRICES TO THE BOTTOM. HE. WW. DART NHALIET IN HEAVY AND SHELF HARDWARE, GLASS, ETC., ALSO AGENT FOR THE CELEBRATED WHRHTMOHRE AZ HEH, Garland eal Steve and Maple Vced Steere. BUY YOUR BOOTS AND SHOES Of a Live and Liberal Firm. WE CARRY THE LARGEST STOCK IN LANSING, BEING LARGE BUYERS WE CAN SELL CHEAPEST, WE CAN ALWAFS FIT AND SUIT YOU, GET YOUR REPAIRING DONE AT OUR STORE, STUDENTS INTERESTS COME FIRST AT A. ABER’S. H. H. LARNED, GROCKERY, CHINA, LAMPS. 124 Washington Awente, L+} LANSING, - - - MICE. D. W. & M. J. BUOK, THE LARGEST AND MOST EXTENSIVE FURNITURE DEALERS IN CENTRAL MICHIGAN, KEEP AN IMMENSE STOCK AND SELL THE CHEAPEST And Wou will Always Find What You Want AT PRICHS TO SUIT YOU. — TNWDHbBRBTARING «4 SPH OCOTALTY. 798 and 195 Washington Avene, Corver Tonia Street, Opposite Opera House, Lansing. FACULTY. es THEOPHILUS C. ABBOT, LL. D., PRESIDENT, _ Professor of Mental Philosophy and Logic. ROBERT C. KEDZIE, A. M., M. D., Professor of Chemistry and Curator of the Chemical Laboratory. ALBERT J. COOK, M. 5., Professor of Zodlogey and Entomology, and Curator of the General Museuin. WILLIAM J. BEAL, M. 5., PH. D., Professor of Botany and Horticulture, and Curator of the Botanical . ‘Museum. Rev. ROBERT G. BAIRD, Secretary. ROLLA C, CARPENTER, M. 6., C. E., Professor of Mathematies and Civil Engineer. SAMUEL JOHNSON, Professor of Practical Agriculture. ELIAS J. MacEWAN, M. A., Professor of English Language and Literature, and Librarian. GEORGE H. HARROWER., B. A., é _ Instructor in History and Political Economy, FRANK 8. KEDZIE, B. &., Assistant in Chemistry, LOUIS G. CARPENTER, B. &., Assistant in Mathematics. A. J. MURRAY, Y. &., Lecturer in Veterinary. LOUIS KNAPPER, Superintendent of Horticultural Department. “JAMES CASSIDY, Florist. ABRAM §. BIRCH, Foreman of the Farm. WILLIAM C, LATTA, 5B. &., Assistant in Farm Experiments. JAMES TROOP, F. &., Assistant im Horticultural Experiments. CON. B. MALLORY, Steward.