THE SPECGLUM.

ae =~

VYoLuMe X.—WNo,. 6.

The History of a Bill.

ALBERT f. CHASE, ECLECTIC SOCIETY.

A bill is a draft of a proposed law pre-
sented to a Legislature. Before becoming a
law, it must go through certain processes
which will be outlined in this article.
joint resolution is similar in import to a bill.
All joint resolutions that direct the payment
of money, incur any expense, or propose an
amendment to the constitution, are gov-
erned by the rules that control the action of
a bill, A concurrent resolution is a farther
departure from bill. Generally, the
object is not so important, not
governed by such strict rules, as is a joint
resolution. All bills and joint and concur-
rent resolutions, except relative to
adjournment and to legislative expenses,
must be signed by the governor before they
take effect.

Bills may be introduced in either house,
They are introduced by a motion for leave,
or by a committee. At least one day pre-
vious to the day of introduction, a notice
must be given, which shall contain the title
ef the bill and the name of the member
who intends to introduce it. As a rule, bills
are not introduced by a committee, but by
the chairman in his own name. Bills cannot
be introduced by the governor or by the
people. The latter can petition the Legis-
lature for any law, but the bill must be
introduced by a member or a committee.
Each bill is given a number as it 1s intro-
duced, and this is known as the bill number.
All bills and joint resolutions must be intro-
‘duced during the first fifty days of the
session, but concurrent resolutions are intro-
duced at any time. If any bill is lost, a bill
having similar provisions cannot be intro-

n
and it is

those

AL

AGricutturar CoLitece, Micu., May to, 1891.

SS

— Fr

pee

_s

WHOLE No, 52.

| duced at the same session. To get around

this rule, two or three bills of similar pro-
visions are introduced at the same time. If
one of these is lost, another is brought up,
and by taking out a few objectional features,
it will be quite liable to pass.

All bills must have three readings in each
house before they are voted upon. Concur-
rent resolutions are read once and then laid
on the table for one day. A bill is read
twice by the title immediately upon its
introduction, and is then referred to a com-
mittee by the president. (We will sup-
pose that our bill has been introduced in the
Senate.) If the Senate so desire, the bill
will be laid on the table. All petitions and
remonstrances in reference to this bill are.
referred to the committee that has the bill.
The second and third readings must be on
different days, unless two-thirds of those
present decide differently. All bills must
be read twice before being referred to a

committee, or being amended.

The committee considers the bill
carefully, and its report generally decides
the fate of the bill. The committee gives.
the introducer a hearing on his bill. It also.
gives a hearing to any delegation or person
that wants to speak on the bill, | These
delegations or lobbyists have quite an influ-
ence in the passage of the bill. Four years ago,
Miss Frances E. Willard spoke to the
judiciary committee on the benefits to be
derived from the passage of the joint reso-
lution submitting an amendment to the
Constitution prohibiting the liquor traffic,
Asa result of her talk of less than half an
hour, the resolution was reported favorably

and afterwards passed both houses.

After considering the bill a sufficient time,
it is reported to the Senate with or without

very
$6

THE SPECULU M.

recommendation. One way for a committee
to kill a bill is to keep it—not to let the
Senate get hold of it. If the bill is not con-
sidered of much importance, it is reported to
the Senate without recommendation.
members of the committee are in favor of
the bill as it stands, they report it without
amendments, and recommend that it pass-
They may amend it or substitute a new bill
for it and recommend that the substitute, or
the bill when so amended, do pass. The

original, When a bill is reported in any
of the above ways, it is ordered printed,
referred to the committee of the whole, and
placed on the general order. As each bill
is ordered printed, it is given a new number,
which is known as the file number.
important bills may be put on the special
order instead of general order. They are
made the special order for a certain day, or
for a certain time on this day. When this
appointed hour comes, the house must lay
aside the business it is then transacting and
take up the special order.

Some

If the committee are not in favor of the
bill, they may recommend that it do not
pass, that it be laid on the table, or be
indefinitely postponed. In the first case, the
bill may be put on the general order, laid on
‘the table, or indefinitely postponed. To
indefinitely postpone the consideration of a
bill is to put it out of reach for the rest of
the session.
pose of killing it, it may be revived, but it is
very improbable that it will be, A com-
mittee may recommend that the bill be
referred to another committee, or to two
committees, if it believes that the bill does
not properly come under its consideration.

The committee of the whole is the Senate
resolved into a committee with a member in
the chair who is called there by the presi-
dent. The president takes a seat and may
debate all questions. When there is a tie,
he may give the casting vote.

«The rules of the house are observed in the

If the ©

et =

committee of the whole, so far as they may
be applicable, except that it (the committee )

| cannot refer a matter to any other com-
| mittee; it cannot adjourn; the previous ques-

tion shall not be enforced; the yeas and nays
shall not be called; a motion to indefinitely
postpone shall not be in order; a member
may speak more than once; the title or
enacting words of a bill or joint resolution
shall not be amended or stricken out.” All

| bills are considered in the order im which
substitute must have similar provisions as its |

| all the amendments.
make the same kinds of reports regarding a

eugene

lf a bill is tabled for the pur- |

' vote.

|
|

they were referred to the committee. All
amendments must be made on separate slips
of paper, as the Senate may not concur in
This committee may

bill as any other committee.

When the bill is reported from the com-
mittee of the whole with a favorable recom-
mendation, it is placed on the order of third
reading of bills. On the third reading,
there is little or no debate, as the bill has
already been fully discussed in the com-
mittee of the whole. No amendment can
be offered at this stage unless a majority
allow it, but it can be referred to a com-
mittee any time before the final vote is
taken, If the bill has not been through
the committee of the whole, it may be
amended on its third reading. The final
vote is taken by yeas and nays and the votes
recorded in the Journal. No member ts
excused from voting except by a special
vote of the Senate. It takes a majority of
the number elected to either house to pass
any bill, There are thirty-two senators
elected. If there are thirty-one present, a
majority of thirty-one (sixteen ) would not
carry the bill. Bills appropriating public
money for private or local purposes, and
joint resolutions proposing an amendment
to. the constitution, require a two-thirds
This is the same as before, two-.
thirds of those elected, being twenty-two in
the case of the Senate. After the bill is
passed, the title may be amended so that it
will have but one object, and will conform
THE

to the provisions of the bill. After the bill
is passed, it may be ordered to take imme-
ciate effect by a two-thirds vote. If this 1s
not done it takes effect ninety days after the
close of the session. Any member voting
on the prevailing side may move the recon-
sideration of the bill, This motion must be
made before the bill goes to the House.
No question can be reconsidered more than
once. If the vote is reconsidered, it brings
the bill back to the order of third reading
of bills; if not, the bill is sent to the House

with all papers in relation thereto.

When the bill is received in the House, it
is read twice and sent through the same
process as in the Senate. This process, of
course, will be different in details, but will
It
may be killed anywhere, but if it is passed
in the House in the same condition as when
it passed the Senate, it is sent to the Senate.
All bills are sent from one house to another,
The secretary of the
Senate and clerk of the House carry on
this correspondence. In this case, the clerk
sends the bill to the secretary stating that
the bill has passed without amendment.
The bill is then referred to the committee
on engrossment and enrollment, and a cor-
rect copy of it is made by one of the clerks
The bill is then signed
by the lieutenant governor, the speaker

be the same as to its general course.

by a message.

of this committee.

of the House, the president pro tempore of |

the Senate, and the speaker pro fenrpore
of the House. The bill is now sent to the
governor and the committee on engross-
ment and enrollment report the same to the
Senate.

Let us go back to the House. — If the bill
that passed the Senate does not pass in ‘the
House, the clerk of the House reports that
fact to the Senate. If the bill is amended
and then passed, the bill is sent to the
Senate, the clerk in his message stating
all the amendments. If the Senate concurs
in the atnendments, the bill proceeds as
previously described. The Senate may con-

SPE

*

CULUM. 87

cur in a part of the amendments, or in none.
In these cases, the bill is sent back to the
House. If the House yields, the bill is
sent to the Senate, and proceeds as before;
if not, each house appoints a conference
committee. These committees meet and
arrange the amendments as they think best,
generally making a compromise in the
amendments. If the bill, as they report it,
is passed in each house, it goes to the gov-
ernor as previously explained.

Ifthe governor signs it, he notifies the
Senate of the fact, as the bill originated in
the Senate. The bill is now an act, and
is deposited in the ofhce of the secretary of
State. If the governor does not sign it in
ten days, Sundays excepted, the bill becomes
a law, unless the adjournment of the Legis-
lature prevents him from returning it to the
Senate. He may approve within five days
after the adjournment of the Legislature,
any bill passed during the last five days of
the session, and the same becomes a law.
If he does not approve the bill, he vetoes
it, and sends it to the Senate with his
objections. The objections are entered on
the Journal, and the bill is reconsidered. It
then goes through a process similar to what
it passed through the first time, and upon
its passage, it must receive a two-thirds vote.
lf it does not receive this, it is lost; if it
does, it is sent to the House. If it receives
the votes of two-thirds of the members
elected to the House, it becomes alaw. It
is possible for it to live up to this point, and
then be killed.

Garrison Life.

LIEUT. J. J. CRITTENDEN, U. 5. A.

To delineate all the phases of the life of
an American soldier in garrison requires
more time and study than I can possibly
give to the stibject. Like society he has
been influenced by those changes for good
ot evil that surround him. T'wenty to
twenty-five years ago the larger part of the
85

army was west of the Missouri river or in
its immediate vicinity, where immigration
as yet had made comparatively few homes.
Here was the land of the buffalo hunter,
trapper, stage robber, and all desperate char-

acters that a more civilized state would not |

tolerate. The army no doubt carried its
share of bad spirits to this section but paid
for the negligence, in adding double the
amount of work to hold this elementin check
as well as outside influences, that acknowl-
edged no law but their own sweet will.
The country grew in population. Railroads
and telegraph lines extended and brought
the two sections, east and west, into closer
communication and those tendencies that
lead to mere recklessness and animal exis-
tence were brought under subjection to law
and order.

To-day the life in a garrison is very much
as you see it here at the college; system
and order, regular work that must be done,
and is done, with its social life and amuse-
ments like that of a home. The personal
comforts of the men are looked after, the
commanding officer being directly respon-
sible (to his superior) for their welfare, and
having the same relation to the general
government that the president of your col-
lege has to the State of Michigan. In every
post the command is assigned by order and
no officer can place himself on duty or
assume command by virtue of his commis-
sion any more than any man with the degree
of M. S., B.S. or Ph. D. can take charge
of any one of the departments at this college
without authority. The rank of the com-
manding officer depends: upon the size of
the post and its importance. Generally he
is either a colonel, lieutenant colonel or
major, always the senior officer present for
duty. To assist him in the details and
administration of the life of the garrison,
lieutenants are selected to fill the various
departments, such as show special aptitude
for the work to be done. The two princi-
pal officers of this nature are his staff offi-

ee

THE SPECULUM.

ee

cers, adjutant and quartermaster, The
adjutant, under his direction, has charge of
the various rosters of service; will make,
publish and verify all details; will keep the
records of the post, and will perform such
military duty with troops as are required by
Through him the
post commander communicates with his
officers and men. He should be courteous
too, and on friendly terms with the officers
of the command he represents, and should
avoid all discussions of the orders or mill-
tary conduct of his superiors. He should
inform himself upon all points of military
usage and etiquette. He should endeavor
at all times to exert the influence belonging
to his station, in sustaining the reputation,
discipline and harmony of the garrison.
The adjutant has a sergeant major to
assist him in clerical work and other duties.

The duties of the quartermaster demand
in their performance, experience, discretion
and business qualifications. He is responsi-
ble for the transportation, equipage and
very largely all the public property pertain-
ing to the post, An assistant called post
quartermaster sergeant acts under his orders.

‘The doctor is an important person in
garrison; he has charge of the hospital, the
care of the sick and a general supervision
over the health of the command. There
are several assistants under the name of
hospital corps and the number that each
post has depends on the size of the garrison.
They are trained especially for the care of
sick and wounded and do nothing else.

tactics and regulations.

Other positions are such as acting com-
missary of subsistence, who takes care of
and issues rations to the different companies;

ordnance officer, who attends to the keep-
‘ing a supply of ammunition on hand as

well as other numerous articles pertaining to
this department. The recruiting officer
enlists those who present themselves at the
post for the service and can pass the neces-

gary examination, physical and for character,

The range officer has charge of the target
THE SPECULUM. 89

grounds, and during the firing season, he
sees that it is ready for use, The post treas-
urer has the care of the bakery and the sup-
plying of plenty of good fresh bread, also
in charge of post schools,

The private, most numerous and lowest
grade in the army, has all his wants attended
to. He has no responsibility except that of
keeping himself clean. Fuel, quarters, food,
clothing and equipment are furnished; there
is so much pay per month, with chances of
earning in addition to this regular allowance
from ten to fifteen dollars per month for
skilled labor or any work not the legitimate
duty of a soldier to perform. Men fre-
quently leave the service at the end of five
years enlistment with five and six hundred
to a thousand dollars saved. The duties of
asoldier are simple but exacting. Drills,
guards, inspections, policing of the garrison,
and some general repairing will cover about
what he does without extra compensation.
The government provides quite a number
of daily papers and magazines and has a
small miscellaneous library at each post.

The State Mining School.

A. L. WATERS, ‘90.

[ am requested to write to the “Spec.”
about the Michigan Mining School. One
of the most wonderful schools in the world,
as itis, 1 am pleased to introduce it to the
most famous school of Agriculture. Won-
derful because from a weak beginning in an
old engine house, a purely technical school,
situated in a northern latitude, it has risen in
five years to a leading position and has now
more students of mining engineering than
any other school on the continent.

The Mining School is a plain red sand-
stone building about the size and shape of
Williams Hall. It stands about one hun-
dred feet above Portage Lake on the brow
of a steep bank; the village of Houghton
lies to the west, and across the lake, clinging
to the hillside and a mile away, is Hancock.

Five large mines are working within a
radius of three miles, and nearly all the
great mines of the Lake Superior region are
within forty miles. In sight there are also
large stamp mills for getting the native
copper from its rock, and copper smelting
works and rolling mills to purify and manu-
facture the metal. The laboratories and class
rooms in the building are finely equipped
with most modern appliances. The
library is a rather poor affair, but every
effort is being made toimprove it. There
is also a small stamp mill fitted up with
modern ore-dressing machinery,

The teachers are mainly young men with
a reputation to make. There are only five
teachers but the four full professors are
rather extraordinary men. ‘There is not one
poor instructor here.

Mining engineering is taught here, and
all branches bearing upon it—chemistry,
geology, higher mathematics, . electrical
engineering, and related branches. The
course requires three years. The degrees
of E. M., and Ph. D. are given. It is sup-
posed to be a post-graduate course, but very
few of the fellows are post-graduates.. The
school is eminently practical. There is a
great deal of laboratory and. field . work.
Not only is there laboratory work in the
fall and winter terms, but half the year is
used for almost nothing else. Throughout
the year, excepting June and Christmas
time, we are here and put in seven hours a
day, five days a week; outside of this time
the lessons must be prepared. The fall and
winter terms are what we call “terrors.”
We carried eight studies during the winter
term; four of them were mathematics, in
which we recited from two to five times a
week. We had from three to five recita-
tions a day, the rest being laboratory work,
or drawing. Even the mechanical course
at M. A. C. is a perfect “snap” when com- ~
pared with this. Yet a man who has taken
his B.S. there is finely fitted to enter this

course.
90 THE SPECULUM.

Board is the main item of expense here.
We board in private houses, and pay from
$16 to $25 a month. It costs from
$400 to $1,000 a year, although I am
told three or four men are getting through
for about $300 a year.

The services of the students who study at.

the school are in demand. Every graduate but
one, and the large majority of those who
have studied here are now employed in
some branch of engineering or chemistry
connected with mining. At graduation
they receive from $400 to $1,500 per
year; the smaller amount being paid to men
who have yet tolearn the ways of the
world and the management of men. In the
few years that they have been out these
salaries have risen to amounts ranging from
$900 to $3,600.

Considering the fact that the school has
but sixty. students it makes a good showing
in athletics and were it near enough would
no doubt, enter the M. I. A. A. The
Athletic Association is well supported by the
students. We are particularly proud of the
foot-ball team, which is champion of this
région and we regret much that it is not
near enough to play games with the other
colleges of the State. Unless there are
stronger teams at Field Day than ever
before, I think it could defeat any of the
association teams, and it expects to “tackle”
the U. of M. team during the season. Base-
ball, tennis, boating, and other sports are
strongly encouraged.

M. A.C, has sent more men here than
any other college. Those now here are
Abbott of 87, Lawton of 88, Hooper with
‘90, Shattuck and Church with ’92. The
little colony now here hopes that it will be
allowed to welcome more next September.
The course is very thorough but any
average student who comes here with a
determination to work can get along.
Credits are given on physics, drawing and
anything else taken properly before. It is

most difficult to get a eredit in chemistry.

I had hard work getting a year’s credit
covering elementary and
Abbott is taking it all. After you have
been up here about a month you make up
your mind that you never saw a chemistry
before. The catalogue can be relied upon
as telling the exact facts, and can be got by
writing to the Director of the Mining

school, Houghton, Michigan.
Houghton, Mich., May, 189r.

chemistry,

Station Work as a Profession.

c. B. COLLINGWOOD, ‘85.

If it is true that experiment stations have
come to stay, a new profession has been
opened to young men. The student with a
desire for scientific investigation has, up to
now, usually found it necessary to become
a teacher or a doctor to enable him to carry
on his work, With the opening of more
than forty agricultural experiment stations,
each with its corps of workers, the field is
enlarged, and specially trained men are
required.

The distinction is purposely made between
teachers and station workers, because the
tendency seems to be to separate the two.
The teacher must be thoroughly conversant
with all branches of his science, and he
should have done some original work, but
most of all he must have the spirit of a
teacher, which is born and educated, not
made to order, He must be free to give his
undivided thought and time to methods of
presentation. On the other hand, while the
worker in a station must be broadly educated
in general science and particularly in his
especial department, he must be free to
devote his time to laborious investigation in
somewhat narrow lines. Some of our best
teachers may be our best station workers,
but to demand that an experimenter shall be
a teacher is like demanding that a minister
shall earn his living by teaching school six
days in the week, besides preaching Sunday.
A complete separation, in many cases, can-
THE

SPECULUM. 9!

not take place for some years yet, but it is
almost sure to come, and will help both
professions.

The young man who hopes to become a
successful station worker must possess certain
special qualifications besides thorough train-
ing in his particular branch of science. He
is fortunate if he has been brought up on a
farm. He will, by this training, have
acquired an understanding of the details of
farm work and a sympathy with the farmer
which is seldom otherwise gained. Unless
a young man finds himself in touch with the
farmers,and has good common sense, no mat-
ter what his scientific acquirements may be,
there is no place for him in station work.
That he should be educated in an agricultu-
ral college goes without saying. Such insti-
tutions furnish the most practical training
for such work, and few students from other
colleges would deliberately choose such a
profession.

Let it be supposed that the student is in
his second year at college, and that he has,
after due deliberation, decided to enter this
new profession, What can he best do
besides take the regular work laid out for
him? He will, of course, devote as much
time as possible to his chosen branch of
science. Besides this it will be of great
value to him to become thoroughly ac-
quainted with the history and literature of
agricultural experiments.
his thoughts the right direction and enable
him to avoid errors and useless repetitions.
To do this he should, while a student, gain
a working knowledge of at least one of the
foreign languages, preferably German. He
should keep posted on the work done at the
different stations in this country, and study
carefully the experimental work done at the
station connected with his college.

All this gives the student a good deal of
work and it will be well if he can extend his
course by one or two years as a post gradu-
ate. Nothing could be more valuable to the
student at this time than a few years as

This will give .

assistant in his home station. If he could
have a year of foreign travel it would be of
great value, but most agricultural college
students have to defer that for some years.
As the work of the station becomes more
scientific more thoroughly equipped men
will be demanded. While the number of
workers will always be limited, the time
seems far distant when one who has chosen
to fit himself for this profession cannot find
a position. Probably but few will care to
make this their life work, but to those who
do the prospect is good. The work of
the stations has just commenced, but already
they are recognized as a factor in agricultu-
ral progress. The man who comes well
equipped to his work can give his time to
the investigation of the interesting and com-
plex problems that underlie the science of
agriculture. This, to those who choose it,
is a constant struggle, a ceaseless endeavor, a
continual unfolding. Every success, every
problem solved will bring enough of praise
and honor to satisfy any man. Other pro-
fessions offer their peculiar advantages, but to
the young man who expects to devote him-
self to some branch of scientific work, and
who chooses to prepare himself thoroughly,
few professions offer a more promising field
of development than that of worker in an

agricultural experiment station.
Tucson, Arizona.

Climate in the Willamette Valley.

Hi, T. FRENCH, 85.

The first question which naturally arises
in the mind of a person who is studying the
geography of any county or locality, is
regarding the climate of that particular place.
And there is no feature of any locality with
reference to which it is more difficult to get
reliable information than this. If we con-
sult the average paper of the locality the
picture is often too highly colored, because
of its real-estate patronage. On the othe
92 THE SPECULUM.

hand, if the emigrant who has become dis-
couraged because of some ill luck, and has
taken the back trail, is consulted, the picture
is dismal beyond the powers of the imagin-
ation to brighten.

After a residence in the Willamette Val-
ley of nearly two years, I am of the opinion
that there are many advantages of climate
existing here over those of many other
States in the Union; but even in this beau-
tiful and fertile valley there are some objec-
tions to the climatic conditions. One of
the most noticeable of these conditions, from
an agricultural point of view, is the rainy
season. This season is not conducive to the
welfare of live stock, unless the stock is pro-
vided with proper shelter, and is supplied
with some food besides that furnished by
the pasture. Stock will /zve on the hills
and in the valley all winter without extra
food or shelter, but there is a wast difference
between living and thriving. It requires
four or five years to mature stock when
cared for in this way, which with proper
shelter and food would mature in two or
three years. Hence I think I see a disad-
vantage even in the comparatively mild
winters of the Willamette Valley.

Another pinching time for stock and crops
is during the dry season, which prevails
through July, August, and all, or at least the
larger portion, of September. There is
very little green vegetation in sight in the
valley or on the foot hills during this period.
The farmers are beginning to make the
deficiency good by growing some forage
crop, such as corn. The silo is coming into
use to furnish a means of storing green
clover, rye, peas and oats, to feed during
the dry season. These two seasons, viz.,
the wet and the dry, are, to my mind, the
greatest objections to the climatic features of
the Willamette Valley, and even these have
their advantages. The dry season insures
the harvesting of grain without damage, and
the rainy season produces a vigorous growth
of grass for stock; and it is claimed by the

native Oregonian that the rainy weather is
very conducive to the health of the people
who live in the valley.

Among the climatic features which are an
advantage, and assist in making any locality
desirable, is the very even temperature
which prevails throughout the year. The
mean monthly temperature in the valley dur-
ing the year is from 48 to 55 degrees, with
a mean daily temperature of 35 degrees
during the coldest month, and 68 degrees
during the hottest. Proximity to the sea,
where the warming influences of the Japan
current are exerted, prevents an extremely
low temperature at any time. The sea
breeze, which prevails throughout a large
portion of the valley during the summer
months, prevents the temperature from
reaching a very high point, even in the hot-
test months. The temperature is so uniform
that many vegetables will thrive out of doors
during the entire winter; cabbage, broccoli,
turnips, and.during the past winter peas
have not been harmed. Potatoes planted
last November were not injured, and are
coming on very early this spring, Fruit
buds are seldom killed by frost, and the
oldest inhabitants say that the more hardy
fruits never fail to bear. In fact so much
faith is placed in the success of the fruit
crop that over three hundred acres have
been set out to prunes within three or four
miles of the college during the past winter.
Equally large areas have been set out in
other portions of the valley.

At the time of this writing fruit trees of
all kinds are in blossom, and grass and
grain have a remarkable growth. Much of
the winter wheat is two feet in height.
Meadow foxtail, sweet vernal grass, some of
the broom grasses and orchard grass are
heading out. There are many minor fea-
tures of the climate of the valley which
space forbids mentioning. Cyclones are
unknown, and thunderstorms are very rate:
In short there are few sudden changes of
any kind affecting the climatic conditions of

the valley.
Corvallis, Oregon, April 25, 1891.
THE SPECULUM. . 93

SCIANTIFIC.

Natural History Society.

At the meeting of the Natural History
Society, April 11, Mr. B. W. Peet read an
article on crystallization, illustrating it by
the stereoptiocn. Mr. Peet said:

Crystallization is the process by which
the molecules of a substance, which is in
the state of a liquid, unite in regular form
when it solidifies by cooling or evaporation.
If the process is slow and undisturbed the
molecules assume a regular arrangement,
each substance taking a determinate form
according to its natural laws; but if the
process is rapid or disturbed the external
form may be more or less irregular. The
term crystallization comes from a Greek
word meaning ice or frozen water, and sub-
sequently transferred to pure transparent
stones cut into seals, and, as was thought,
only produced in the extreme cold of the
lofty passes of the Alps.

It is not wonderful that the beautiful
forms, colors and physical properties of
crystals attracted considerable attention even
in the so.called dark ages. Some of the
beliefs of the ancients are quite amusing.

A philosopher of the thirteenth cen-
tury tells how the cold in the lofty moun-
tains makes the ice so dry that it congeais
into crystals. In the seventeenth century a
Dane wrote a treatise on crystallization and
stated that the origin of crystallization was
doubtful but they evidently grew from
without by the addition of new layers of
minute particles carried to the crystal by a
fluid and laid down specially at the ends.

Many theories were advanced. shortly
after this but none of particular notice until
we come to the theory of Linneus. His
notions regarding their formation were very
imperfect yet he made many important dis-
coveries that were afterward grounds for
other scientists to form a more perfect
theory. a

—aus.

Delisle discovered in 1783, that amidst the
various forms which crystals took, they did
not vary in one thing and that was the
angle of incidence or the respective inclina-
tions of the faces to each other. How much
he studied the matter may be judged from
the fact that he gave ‘soo regular forms
besides the 4o described by Linnzus.

Soon after this Haiiy made his celebrated
theory of the structure of crystals. He
say's that in each mineral there exists an ‘iIn-
tegrant or molecule. These
molecules are marked in different species by
distinct and determinate forms except in a
few regular bodies, such as the cube, which
do not admit of variation. From these
integrant molecules all the various crystals
found in each species are built up according
to certain definite laws,and thus secondary
crystals, as he names them, are produced.
The secondary crystal, which covers the
primitive form so as to disguise it in so
many different ways, he supposed to be
enveloping matter made up of a series of
laming, each decreasing in extent either
equally in all directions or only at certain
parts. :

The great advance secured by the theory
of Hatiy’s was the firm establishment of the
idea that the forms of crystals were not
irregular but definite and based on fixed
and ascertained laws and also “the law of
symmetry,” that is when any change of a
crystal form took .place by its combination
with other forms, all similar parts, angles,
edges and faces were modified in the same
way atthe same time. He also advanced
the theory that different chemicals could be
told by the different forms that crystals
took.

Weiss, to whom we are indebted for the
present theory, discarded the idea of inte-
grant molecules and pointed out for the first
time the importance of the axis of crystals.
“The axis” he says, “is truly the line gov-—
erning every figure round which the whole
is uniformly disposed. All parts look to it

primitive
94 THE SPECULUM.

eee

and by it they are bound together as by a
common chain.”

The general principles of crystallography
are as follows:

1. A crystal is bounded by plane surfaces,
symmetrically arranged about certain imag-
inary lines called axes.

z. A crystal has an internal structure
which is directly related to the external
form, and the axil lines or directions.

3. The various forms of crystals belong
to six systems of crystallization: The iso-
metric or cubical form, tetragonal, ortho-
rhombic, monoclinic or where the vertical
axis is inclined to one but at righ: angles to
the other, triclinic or three unequal axes
intersecting at oblique angles, and hexag-
onal,

4. Each species while having a constant
axial ratio may still crystallize in a variety of
forms; an example is seen in the diamond.

5. The physical characters of crystals
have a direct relat'on to the forms and axes.

6. The angles of the crystals of a species
though essentially constant are subject to
small variations.

Twin or compound crystals sometimes
form. While twin crystals form when cir-
cumstances are favorable, in other cases the
solidifying material becomes an aggregate
of crystalline particles.

Crystallization may take place from solu-
tion; from long continued heat without
fusion; for instance, the heat required to
temper steel is far from fusion, yet it allows
achange in size of grains throughout the
mass. It may also form in any circum-
stance that favors the combination of the ele-
ments of a compound.

Ruskin describes crystallization to little
children something similar to the following:
He says to the children, “When you ran in
from the garden against one another in the
passage you were-in the state of solution,
and gradual confluence; when you got
seated in those orderly rows, each in your
proper place, you became crystalline. This

is just what the atoms of a mineral do, if
they can; whenever they get disordered,
they get into order again as soon as maybe.”
In answer to how the atoms arranged them-
selves in regular order, he explained to them
by supposing a pile of bricks lay on the
ground in the state of confusion. Now if a
fairy should come along and say “bricks, go
to your places,” and the bricks formed a
splendid mansion, it would be an illustration
of how crystals are formed. The.atoms are
the bricks, nature the fairy, and the crystals
the splendid mansions.

The remainder of the evening was occu-
pied by Prof. Woodworth, who illustrated
Edison’s phonograph to the entire satisfac-
tion of his audience. Several popular songs
and airs were reproduced, after which Presi-
dent Clute recited a poem into the machine,
and this was successfully repreduced a few
minutes later. As a last number on the
list the college yell was given, which made
such an impression on the phonograph that
it responded with almost as much enthusiasm
as was manifested by the audience.

The new catalogues are receiving a great amount of
work and thought just at present by the faculty. Sev-
eral needed changes will be madein the courses, The
catalogue is to be illustrated by numerous views of the
buildings and scenery of our college.

Thursday, April 30, a committee of the different
colleges of Michigan which belong to the M. I. A, A.
held a meeting at Eaton Rapids. The committee con-
sisted of one member of the faculty of each of the re-
spective colleges, Prof. Kingsbury Bachelder repre-
sented Hillsdale College, Prof. H. D. Wild, Olivet Col-
lege, Dr. F. M. Taylor, Albion College, and Secretary
H. G. Reynolds, M. A.C. The object of the meeting
was to devise the best plan for having the faculties
represented in the counsels of the M. IJ. A. A.

The following societies have elected officers for the
summer term: Hesperian, president, D. N. Stowell;
vice-president, H. N. Peck; secretary, V. J. Hooper;
treasurer, H. M. Goss. Union Literary, president, A.
R. Locke; vice-president, L. Burnett; secretary, E.
J. Hale; treasurer, C. S. Goodwin. Olympic, presi-
dent, H. W. Mumford; viee-president, G. W. Davis;
secretary, V. J. Willie; treasurer, F. S. Payne. Phi
Delta Theta, president, V. H. Lowe; secretary H. D.
Baker ; treasurer, R. C. Bristol. Eclectic, president,
EK. L. Butterfield; vice-president, G. A. Waterman ;
secretary, A. T. Stevens; treasurer, C. L. Clark.
THE SPECULUM. 95

THE SPEC4RdM.

PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE COLLEGE YEAR,
BY THE STUDENTS

Or THE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE.

TERMS, 75 CENTS A YEAR; SINGLE NUMBERS, 10 CENTS.
ADVERTISING RATES MADE KNOWN ON APPLICATION.

GF" All subscriptions will be regarded as continued, unless
we are notified to the contrary.

If this item is marked, your subscription is in arrears,

THE MODERATOR.

This superior educational journal and THe Srecv-
Lum will be sent to any address at $2 per year.

BOARD oF EDITORS.

ECLECTIC S SOCIETY.
K. L. BUTTERFIELD, . Editor-in-Chief,
Literary Articles and Editorials.

PHI DELTA THETA FRATERNITY.

YH. Lowe, - - - Science.
OLYMPIC SOCIETY.
H, W. Mumroxp, = = College News,
UsION LITERARY SOCIETY.
A, R. Locre, - = . Personals.

HESPERIAN SOCIETY.
§. C. Dunpore, . - Colleges and Exchanges.

DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERNITY.

Frank BAveERLe, Athletics.

Ws, A... Fox, . .
See . HINESoON, .
Ec, H. G. REYNOLDs,

Business Manager.
Asst, Business Manager.
Treasurer.

AgiicuLTURAL CoLLece, May 10, 1891.

THE action of the Faculty in excusing
the students from drill, that they might have
time for training in athletics, seems to be
thoroughly appreciated by most of the boys.
And now our fellows have small excuse if
they do not do credit to themselves at the
June field day. M. A. C. students have
always been under the disadvantage of lack
of time for training. Considering this fact,
they have done wonderfully well in previ-
ous years. But our sister colleges are this
year working hard for success. _We must
do the same. Fellows, do your best. Let
not the fame of our college in athletics be
tarnished by any fault or weakness of yours
when the test comes.

Ir must be wonderfully interesting to
those who drivé upon the grounds Sunday

afternoon to witness the interest which their
appearance incites in the minds of many.
Immediately the grating of wheels is heard,
a group of eager faces besieges each window
in the hall, and eager eyes peer at the
occupants of the carriage. No doubt our
friends, the visitors, pity the spectators of
their pleasure and excuse them on grounds
it were not best to mention. Would two
hundred “co-eds” tend to remove this
source of annoyance to visitors? Who will
answer?

Tue college rules are about ready for
With them will be published
the constitutions of the Student’s Government,
Students’ Organization, and the Club Board-
ing Association. Also there will be printed in
the same volume, the organic law of the
institution, and such later laws, State and
National, as have had an important bearing
upon the college, All this matter will
make a pamphlet of some fifty pages, and
will be a valuable document for all friends
of the college to possess.

distribution.

In looking over the rules we have but
little to criticise, and if we had, it might not
be best to anticipate. There are a few
minor rules, however, that seem hardly
worthy a place in the government of a body
of college men. We will not incur the
responsibility of such rules being broken by
mentioning them in a detractory way. We
would say this, however, that every rule
ought to be enforced. No matter how small
a matter it may be, if an unenforced rule
stands ina college publication, it weakens the
government. Nearly every college has a
mass of rules that help advertise the merits
of the school to trusting parents, but of
whose very existence a third of the faculty
and nine-tenths of the students are usually
unaware. We hope that no such condition
of things will be able to exist here.

INASMUCH as. there seems to be a senti-
ment in the faculty looking toward con-
96 THE SPECULUM.

siderable changes in the course of study, we
take the liberty of presenting our ideas upon
a portion of the subject. The following is
a program simply for the Senior year,
Agricultural course: |

SENIOR YEAR.
Fali Term.

8-9, Ag. Engineering.
Zoology.
g-10, English History and Constitution.
1-11, German or French.
g-11, Zoology—laboratory work, 10 weeks.
11-12, Veterinary Science.
Psychology.
1- 3, Chemical Physics, ro weeks.
2- 4, Veterinary Dissection, 2 weeks.
3- §, Zoology—laboratory work, 1o weeks.
Bacteriology, 10 weeks—lectures and
laboratory work,
I- §, Labor,
Spring Tern.
8- 9, American History and Constitution.
Civil Engineering.
German or French.
g-io, Meteorology, %. Horticulture, ™%.
English Literature.
1-11, Geology.
Moral Philosophy.
11-12, Veterinary Science.
1- 3, Chemistry. Experiments.
3- §, Horticulture. Laboratory work, 1 hour, %
termi.
Veterinary. Laboratory, 4 term—dissections
etc., 2 hours per day, rst half of term.
Original researches in Zoology, Entomology,
Botany, Bacteriology, 2 or 5 days per week.
1- 5, Labor.

Sustner Tere.

8- 9, American Literature,
Military Science.

g-10, Political Economy.
German or French.

8-10, Botany or Forestry.
to-11, Agriculture.
ti-12, Veterinary Science.

Astronomy.

1- 3, Chemistry.

3- §, Original researches as in spring term.

1- 5, Labor.

Nine weeks advance in summer term, examina-
tions over by the Tuesday before the baccalaureate
sermon,

Drill in all terms as at present.

Two hours of laboratory work count as one hour,
except chemical physics, which counts eight hours per
week. Drill counts two hours per week. Seventeen

hours per week required with drill, twenty without
drill.

It will be seen that the principal changes
are in giving a course in English and
American History and Constitution; a course
in English and American Literature; German
or French; ten hours a week of laboratory
work in Zoology; a course in Bacteriology;
a full term of Geology; an additional term
in Agriculture; opportunity for original
research. A critic may say we have
excluded labor. By no means. There is
left a chance for two or four hours each

_afternoon in any work the student and pro-

fessor determine upon. It might be the
charge of certain crops for the year, ora
portion of it; it might be library work on
leading questions in agriculture.

By this arrangement the student desiring
largely a literary course could elect it. The
student who wished a purely scientific course
could take it. A man who intended to fol-
low farming, gardening, fruit raising, bee
keeping, floriculture, could spend the entire
year in the most practical preparation for it,
giving, if he wished, as much as four hours
aday to such work. The first three years
of the course should not be elective, but
when a man arrives at his Senior year, it is

‘useless and unwise to hamper his ambitions

by confining his efforts.

The merits. of this arrangement speak for
themselves. There are no doubt demerits, and
each reader will discover them for himself. At
best this program is only suggestive. Yet
we trust it may be of value to those inter-
ested in our course,

COLLEGE NEWS.

Any one having a copy THE SrecuLuM, No. 37,
June, 1889, to dispose of, will please notify Mr. J. C.
Hinkson.

The State Board of Agriculture met Monday night
and Tuesday of last week.

The entrances to many of our buildings have been
much brightened by paint.

There are nine students in college this term who are
sons or daughters of former graduates.

THE SPECULUM.

97

oe!

Prof. F. 5. Kedzie is expected home about May 15.

A general house cleaning day is a long felt want of
the boys.

Inspection of the cadet corps took place Monday,
May 4, at one o'clock, P. .

L. A. Clinton recently visited his home in Grand
Rapids, where he enjoyed a ten days’ vacation.

Dr. Grange has been appointed to take charge of
the experiment station veterinary department at the
World's Fair.

Thomas Gunson, of Saginaw, has been engaged to
oversee the work done on the lawn and drives the
present season.

Messrs. A. B. Cook, C. T. Cook, L. A. Clinton and
C. B. Cook were in Owosso, Sunday, April 19, eating
maple sugar with friends.

Prof. Davenport, in company with Mr. Glidden,
spent a few days recently at the Baldwin, Walton and
Grayling experiment stations.

Prof. L. R. Taft attended a horticultural meeting at
Hart, and made a visit to the Grayling Experiment
Station during the last days of April.

The chemical department is in receipt of a large
number of samples of fertilizers, which are to be sub-
jected to chemical analysis in the near future.

Two bulletins will soon be issued, one by
Prof. Cook and G. C. Davis on Kerosene Emulsion,
Some New Insects, and one by Dr. Grange, on Foot
Kot in Sheep.

Arrangements are being made for the Summer
School, and from numerous applications that have
already come in we should predict astill larger attend-
ance than last year.

A horse belonging to Mr. Munn has been under
electrical treatment for about two weeks. The dis-
ease is Azoturia, a condition which is often very obsti-
nate and slow to yield.

President Clute, while in Ann Arbor seeking a bac-
teriologist, Saturday, April 18, was much gratified to
learn of the good work that is being done by former

‘students and graduates of M. A. C.

The senior class in civil engineering went to Pine
Lake, Thursday, Apri! 30, to triangulate the lake.
They finished their work Saturday noon, and returned
to college, a happier and a wiser class.

A few of the boys could mot resist going down town
last Tuesday night, but the ‘‘Temptations’’ at the
opera house did not seem to trouble them as much as
their “reception” at the Hudson House.

P. G. Holden has been at his home in Oviatt for the
‘past two weeks, He was called there by the sickness
of his mother, who was striken down by paralysis.
She has been dangerously ill, but is now reported as
improving.

Prof. Davenport and Mr. Clinton will leave soon for
a visit to the experiment stations in the northern part
Of ths State. Mr. Clinton'will spend the greater part

od

a

of the season laboring in the interests of the experi-
ment stations connected with the college,

The geology class, accompanied by a few seniors
and ladies of the college, spent Saturday, April 25, at
Grand Ledge. The class in geology of Olivet College
also spent the same day there. All had an enjoyable
time, or, at least, were happy to get back on M. A. C.
grounds.

Two hundred and ten bound volumes and twenty-
five unbound volumes have been added to our library
by purchase, and ten volumes have been presented
during the last month. These books are principally
works on education adapted to students who teach
winter schools.

C. F. Baker recently took from the muscles of a sun-
fish caught in Cedar River, a large number of mature
fluke-worms. The adult fluke is often found in the
liver, kidneys, and various other organs of the anatomy
of many animals, but there seems to be no account of
its existence in the muscles previous to this discovery.

The Farm Department has recently received some
excellent samples of wool of the Merino breeds from
H. R. Dewey, of Grand Blanc, and W. E. Boyd, of
Delhi Mills; of Shropshire from F. B. Mumford, Mos-
cow, Mich.; of the the Leicestershire from John Kelly,
Shakspere, Ontario, and of the Lincoln from Wm.
Oliver.

An abnormally developed common water snake
(fropidonaius sipedon) was dissected a few days ago
in the zoological laboratory. The stomach was found
to contain three fish. The largest one was about six
inches in length, and had evidently been captured by
the snake in the fish’s effort to capture another small
fish, about three inches in length.

Dr. Hunting, ex-president of Alma College, lectured
in the chapel, Friday evening, April 3, subject,
Pictures and Parables. Every one present was con-
vinced that Dr. Hunting is a man of scholarly ability,
Another interesting lecture was given by Dr. Butter-
field, president of Olivet College, Friday evening,
May 1. His subject was William Tyndall. There was
a good attendance at both lectures.

Dr. Beal offers four prizes of one dollar, seventy-
five, fifty and twenty-five cents to undergraduates of
the college who will prepare and mount for him in the
best manner, specimens of hepatica, basswood, man-
drake, shepherd’s purse or sugar maple, the same to
be ready by August 1, 1891. No one can compete for
more than one prize, and he reserves the privilege to
withhold the prizés in case the specimens are un-
worthy.

The following books will be used in the senior liter-
ature class next term: Franklin's Autobiography,
Irving’s History of New York, Hawthorne’s Scar-
let Letter, Longfellow’s Evangeline, Bryant's Ulysses,
Whittier’s Snow Bound, Lowell's Vision of Sir Launfal,
Emerson's Essays, Thoreau'’s Succession of Forest
Trees, Bayard Taylor's Lars, and Howells’s A Year in
98 THE SPECULUM.

a Venetian Palace. In senior rhetoricals the class
will study books I and II of Milton’s Paradise Lost.

The union meeting of the societies and fraternities
ofthe college occurred Friday evening, April 24, at
which the following program was listened to by a
large number of the students and faculty: Poem, A.
C. Sly; of the Union Literary Society ; Scientific
Essay, C. F. Baker, of Phi Delta Theta: Oration, H.
W. Mumford, of the Olympic Society ; Parody, W. D.
Groesbeck, of Delta Tau Delta; Prophecy, D. W.
Stowell, of the Hesperian Society, and a college paper
by George C, Monroe, of the Eclectic Society, Two

selections of music were rendered by the college
orchestra,

PERSONALS.

- We-desire the earnest co-operation of every person
who has ever been connected with the college in try-
ing 'to make this department an interesting one Let
every alumnus and every person who has been with
classes here send in news to the editor of this depart-
ment, often, thus making his work much easier and
the department more interesting to all

Prof. E. J. MacEwan, of Madison, Wisconsin, pro-

poses visiting Europe this summer.
"62.

E, M, Preston has sent a large geological collection
of minerals to the college museum. This is his second
valuable collection given to the college.

69.

Richard Haigh is no longer Deputy Oil Inspector at
Kalamazoo, Cause, indirect effect of last fali’s elec-

C. E. Bessey is one of the five botanists of the
United States, appointed to investigate into physio-
logical problems in botany, and to report the result at
the annual meeting of American scientists,

"74.

. L. Bemis, Superintendent of Ionia County Schools,
has been engaged as superintendent of the Ionia
high school,

There is an article published in pamphlet, which is
re-printed from the Medical Journal of August 9, 18go.
The subject is “The Cause and Remedies for Suits
for Malpractice,” read by Dr. F. J, Groner, of Grand
Rapids, before the medical scciety last fall. It is an
able article, and being published in pamphlet form,
will enable all interested to read and learn its merits.

A. 5. Hume is supervisor of Lansing Township, Ing-
ham Co, So say the people thereof.

President C. L. Ingersoll, of the Colorado Agricultu-
ral College, has resigned his office to accept the chair
of Agriculture in the University of Nebraska.

7
75
C. I. Goodwin, at the April election, was elected

supervisor of Orange Township, Ionia county, by the
Republican party.

Robert Caine, who has been in the mining business
in Colorado, is home at Battle Creek, hustling the real
estate business. From all appearances he is distanc-
ing other real estate men of the city. He has suc-
ceeded in getting the common council to lay out the
first boulevard of the city, a mile long, and extending
in front of his farm.

D, C. Postle is dealer in all kinds of lumber, drain
tile and coal at Galloway, Ohio. His prospects are
good. He has established a trade peculiarly gratify-
ing to himself. He manufactures tile on the large
scale, and has an exclusive trade in coal and lumber.

"76.

Wm. Caldwell, one of Oakland county’s best farm-
ers, made a short visit to the college recently. He
has recovered from that close call of his last fall, of
being chosen State representative.

t
57.

A. B. Simonson, practicing physician and surgeon
for the Calumet and Hecla Mining Company, is in a
Prosperous way of business. He reports good health,
pleasant work and plenty of it.

7B.
G, E. Breck will soon visit England for the purpose

of importing another lot of Shropshire sheep and
Cleveland Bay horses.

C. J. Strang, editor ofthe Michigan Agriculturist, in
Lansing, has moved to Olivet.

7ST.

L. B. Hall, of the Belding high school, has been re-
engaged as principal for the coming two years. What
more could better convey to us the fact that Mr. Hall
has those friends in Belding who appreciate his efforts.

A. H. Voight is interested in an exhibition of fruit
from Lower California, to be held in Chicago soon,

The exhibition will later in the season be taken further
east.

"82, .

W. #H. Coffron has been appointed by “Uncle
Sam” to the pension department at Washington, sal-

ary, $2,400. He is also instructor in chemistry in the
University of Georgetown.

T. F. Millspaugh is in a good plump condition. He
has a smooth face and a jovial expression. Why?
He is a successful farmer at Lyons, Mich.

"Bs.
W. 5S. Kedzie is recuperating in Washington.
F. F. Rogers read a paper at the Marlette Institute

last winter. He is now moved from Marlette to Port
Huron, where he continues his business as civil

engineer.
Alice A, Johnson is stenographer for the Lansing
Building and Loan Association.

W. A. Gage and wife paid the college a visit a short
time ago.
THE SPECULUM. 99

"BS.

A bouncing boy, one and a half months old, to H. T.
French and wife of Corvallis, Oregon.

J. W. Matthews, principal of the Grand Rapids high
school, will be at M. A. C. to attend the summer nor-
mal.

E, R. Lake is Secretary ofthe Horticultural Society
of Oregon.

H. E. Thomas has opened a law office in the post-
office block in Lansing. He was recently elected
circuit court commissioner.

"86

E. A. Whitney, a successful lawyer and news-
paper editor in Frankfort, Mich., visited the college
this spring.

Wm. &. Rummler is practicing law in Chicago, cor-
ner Lake and Clark streets.

"By.

Married in Chicago, March 31, 1891, Minerva Wil-
kinson, of Clifford, Mich., and W.E. Sanson. Home,
Glenwood, Ill., where Mr. Sanson is superintendent
of an industrial farm for boys,

O.C. Wheeler was elected treasurer of Lansing
township, Ingham county, this spring.

W. W. Diehl willtake the degree of Ph. D., at Gar-
rett's Biblical Institute, in June.

H. W. McArdle has received an appointment as
assistant in botanyin the North Dakota Agricultural
College.

"88.

A. B. Cordley on April roth took the special civil
service examination for a position in entomology in
that department at Washington.

G. L. Teller, of the Industrial College of Arkansas,
reports lively and agreeable times. From the insti-
tution there have lately been several resignations.
Fellows, keep one eye open.

Dale Smith has lately returned from Montana, and
flow proposes going into the mercantile business in
Portland, Mich. Dale surprised his friends at the
college by giving them a short Sunday call.

Paul M. Chamberlain was married in Chicago, April

‘93, to Miss Olivia Langdon Woodward, daughter of
the late Rev. Dr. and Mrs. Geo. Wheelock of that
city. While taking a course in mechanical engineer-
ing at Cornell University, N. Y., he met Miss Wheelock
who was pursuing a course in landscape gardening.
The bride is a descendant, on her father’s side,
through tengenerations, of Miles Standish, Her an-
céstry on her mother’s side are no less remarkable.
Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlain ‘will reside in Waynesbor-
ough, Pa.

WITH ‘88.

Hamlin R. Case is chief officer and manager of a
railroad company. Office, 1123 Douglas street, Sioux
City, Towa. vt

até

L. A. Clinton, assistant to the director of agricul-

tural experiment stations of Michigan, will spend con-
siderable time this spring and summer upon the
northern stations.

Frank Seibert is at the Worcester Medical College,
in Cleveland, where he will graduate in June,

B. K. Canfield will return from Europe, where he is
studying art, and anticipates spending much of his
time at his Alma Mater.

E. G. Lodeman takes Mr. Munson’s place at Cornell
University, N. Y¥., as assistant in horticulture.
‘ Lodie” has interesting work and understands how
to accomplish a great deal of it.

Married, Monday evening, March 23, 1891, Corinne —
M., daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Wm. E. Aldrich, of Har-
rison, to F. N. Clark. They were married at the. res-
idence of the bride’s parents, and have made their
home at Ludington, Mich., where Mr, Clark is
employed as billing clerk in the T. & R. M. R. R.
dock office. Says F. N., ‘‘success to M. A.C." Says
M. A. C., “‘ ditto to him.”

Alex. Moore is in a law office in Port Huron. When
last seen by a friend of his he held a blank divorce
bill in his hand and was seeking for a woman.

"go.

J. R. McColl will spend the summer at M. A. C.,
studying. He is now at the University of Tennessee
at Knoxville, engaged as instructor.

Thomas McGrath was elected township treasurer
by the republican party at the April election.
There must be quite a change in Tom's political tac-
tics since the M. A. C. Cleveland Club followed his
leadership to Lansing, the occasion being a demo-
cratic “ blow-out."

W. W. Morrison will take a trip west this summer
with the U. of M. Glee Club.

WITH ‘or.

H. B. Fuller finishes teaching district school in one
month, and then will start for the east, where he begins
the pleasures (?) of West Point life. :

W. J. Graves can be seen almost any day busily
employed in the city of Adrian.

WITH “gz.

E, P. Hulburd is electrical engineer, 939 Wilso
Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. He has lately been at
Rochester, N. ¥., repairing electrical railway gene-
rators.

Chas. Nichols finds a pleasant and profitable situa-
tion in Michigan's State-house.

L. B. Plummer is employed as assistant in the
department of agricultural science of the Maine Agri-
cultural College. ;

Books received—Civil Government of the United
States. By W.C. Hewett Complete, 105 pp., cloth,
25 cents. H.R. Pattengill, Lansing, publisher. This
is, in form, a brief commentary on our Constitution,
suited to younger students. In substance it isa val-
uable little book for any citizen,
THE SPECULUM. |

100

-

COLLEGES,

Yale has a Japanese professor.

The Government is building a $100,000 gymnasium
for the West Point; students,

America has 360 universities and colleges, 4,240
professors, and 69,400 students.

Six hundred and fifty students are considered as a
small entering class at Oxford.

The Michigan University has seventeen graduates
in congress. Harvard has sixteen and Yale eleven.

The number of books in the college libraries of the
‘United States has been estimated at 3,000,000.— Ar.

The attendance of students at Berea college last
‘year was madeup of 198 colored and 157 white per-
“sons.

The number of elective courses opened to the
academic Juniors and Seniors of Yale are one hundred
and nineteen.

Dartmouth claims to be the originator of college

journalism, Daniel Webster being the first editor o
such a paper.

The University of Michigan is represented by every
State in the Union but three; and also by twelve
foreign countries,

Professors above sixty-five years of age and having
served fifteen years at Columbia College, are retired
on half pay.—Ax.

The University of Texas is provided with an endow-
ment of over 2,300,000 acres of land, besides half a
million dollars in bonds,

EXCHANGES.

The Central College Gest contains a very sugges-
tive article on “Tears, Idle Tears."

The decféa Fictoriana has quite a lengthy article on
*‘Manliness,”’ worthy of careful perusal.

“The Child is Father to the Man” is a most
instructive article of the Notre Dame ScAolastic.

“Reading maketh a full man." We wonder
whether this can be applied to the readers of the
Exchanges and Colleges.

“The Campus’ gives its Exchange and College
department its proper place. The Exchanges are
given their due merits and comments. The extracts
taken contain the gist of the important articles so as
to get the exchange reader to think.

Extemporaneous speaking is sadly neglected
among our colleges and universities. We would
suggest that more ofan effort should be made to have
it a special feature in our rhetoricals and societies.
There is no other feature so important as this. It
cultivates precision, ease and intelligence.

We quote the following commendable editorial from
the Ji/ini:
“A man’s worth is measured not by the record he

te ee

makes when all circumstances are favorable to the
accomplishment of his ends, but by the spirit he mani--
fests when his horizon is darkened by threatening
clouds, when the once rosy morning has turned into
the blackest night. When. left alone, he is obliged,
unaided, to contend with the great problems and
mysteries of existence which appear to grow more and
more numerous and formidable as he comes into
more direct contact with the realities of life. Many of
us geton smoothly and seemingly with great success
but the moment we come toa point where deter-
tiination, persistence and will power are required,
we become utterly powerless, unable to accomplish
anything ourselves, and incapable of being utilized by
those who would make use ofus. We encounter a
study that is difficult and immediately give it up in
despair where if we had made an effort we would have
succeeded. Independence, courage, manliness,
should ever be ours.”
EIN HELDENLIED.

He held her hand, she held his hat,
I held my breath and lay right flat;
They kissed then;
I saw them do it.

He held that kissing was no crime,
She held her head up every time,
IT held my peace and wrote this rhyme,
And they
Thought no one knew it.—#eholden.

ATHLETICS.

Foot BALL.

Friday afternoon, the 17th of April, the Olivet and
M. A, C. foot-ball teams contested at the base-ball
park in Lansing. The M. A.C. boys played a good
game considering the time they had trained, but the
Olivets had considerably the best cf the contest, owing
to their superior skill. The features of the game were
Stowe's rushes, Ferry's running, Wright's guarding,
and Frost's and Mulheron's tackling. The score was
72 to o,in favor of Olivet. Saturday, May 2, our boys
played a return game with the Olivets on their
grounds, The game resulted 78 to o, in favor of
Olivet.

Base BAL.

The base ball season has opened here good and
early, which shows that the boys are intending to
make a determined fight for the championship this
year. Their first game was with the University team,
April 18. The game was not exciting, and devoid of
any special features except our boys’ inability to hitthe

ball, and the battery work of both sides, Score:
132345 6 7 8 2 B BH. E.
U. of Myce TL 1 Oo 1 2 O61 oO 4 WOW 6

MAL ee eee OF OO OO OO 0 Oo oO 4 FT
Batteries—Robinson and Abbott, Burnett and Wil-
son. Umpire—Seymour.
April 25 our boys played a return game with the U.
of M. team at Ann Arbor, hoping they would redeem
THE SPECULUM.

LOT

themselves, but their hopes were not fully realized, as
the score will show.

1 Bae 6 eT Eo oe, Be.

ceuenesueecs 100 0 012 4 I 14

Me ne 231425 10823 * 4
Ratteries—Burnett and Wilson, Codd and Walsh.

Umpire—Seymour.
The Athletics of Lansing, and the M. A, C, teams

played ball at the Lansing ball park May 2. The fea-
tures ofthe game were Burnett’s fine pitching and

Gibbs's terrific batting (?). Score :
i ones $66 C0 Dow ee ee ee ee es ee 3
a tar cee os 200 110 5 5 3

Batteries—S. Smith and A. Smith, Burnett and
Wilson, Umpire—W. Clute.

FIELD DAY.

The M. I. A. A, committee held its first meeting in
Jackson at the Hibbard -House, Saturday, April 11,
and élected the following officers: President, O. T.
Bolt of Hillsdale; vice president, C. E. Barr of Albion ;
secretary, W. Brooks of Olivet; treasurer, A. C. Sly
of M. A. C.

It was moved and carried that field day be held the
qth, §th and 6th of June. The following rules were
then adopted.”

Rule I. All entries shall be in the hands of the sec-
retary a week before field day begins.

Rule Il. No person can be a contestant who has
not been a student enrolled in one of the colleges of the
association, within a year previous,

Amendment to Rule If, Each contestant must
bring a certificate from the president of his college or
principal of department certifying his connection with
the institution according to rule II.

Rule III. Any contestant forfeits his rights in the
contest who is not on the ground when the event is
called, provided the event is called according to pro-
£Tami,

Rule IV. But three entries may be sent to the sec-
retary by each college in any given sport. Only the
two first named may become contestants, except one of
them shall, either through sickness or injury, be unable
to participate.

Rule V. The limits for weights in boxing and
wrestling shall be as follows:

Feather weight, 120 Ib, and under ; light weight, 120
Ib., 140 Ib.; middle weight, 140 Ib., 160 1b,; heavy
weight, 160 Ib. and over, <A tax of $200 was then
Taal sted epPortioned according to the number of
rah in the different institutions, certified by

cretary or president of each institution.

ALL-aAROUND CHAMPIONSHIP,

The method of determining the all-around cham-
Pionship has been changed and the prize will be
awarded according to the customs in eastern associa-
a wien for the championship must qualify

Wien of the ten following sports:
roan Hk, Sparring, standing broad jump, 8% ft..
aah gh jump, 4 ft., 9 in.; 100 yards dash, 114
‘1 44° yards dash, 62 sec; hitch and kick, 7 ft.

k

throwing base ball, 285 ft.; throwing hammer, 55 ft. ;
1oo yards hurdle race, 22 sec,

The qualifications of each contestant in wrestling
and sparring will be decided by two judges and the
referee, Each first prize in these ten sports counts
five points for the winner toward the all-around
championship, providing he is a qualified contestant.
Second prize counts three, and third one. However,
if the contestant is not qualified, his record in any one
sport will not be considered in determining the
championship.

The following is the program for field day:

THURSDAY AFTERNOON.
Foot-ball, . = - M. A. C. vs. Olivet.

THURSDAY EVENING,
Reception.
Fripay Mognino, § o'clock.

100 yards, dash, : - Silver medal
Throwing hammer, : - “ ee
Putting shot, - - - =
Safety race, 880 yards, - “
Broad handspring jump, - -
High handspring jump, - - a
High somersault, - . - Memento,
50 yards backward dash, ee
Standing hop, step and jump, -
Running hop, step and jump, -

4 ae
ae ec

te

Silver medal,
ae i

10 O'CLOCE.

M. A. C —Olivet.
Hillsdale— Albion.

Base ball, - - - Albion vs M, A. C.

FRIDAY AFTERNOON, 1:30 O'CLOCK.

M. A. C.—Albion.
i Olivet—Hillsdale

Silver medal

ca ci

Lawn tennis—doubles, -

Tennis—singles, - -

Pole vault, = = . -
Standing high kick, - - -
Running high kick, - . -
Hitch and kick, - - .
Kick, both feet, -  — - - :
Half mile run, . - .
Standing broad jump, - -
Running broad jump, - -
Standing three jumps, -

44o yards bicycle race, - -
Fancy bicycle contest,
220 yards hurdle race, - -

ed vf

ia aa
cd fe

fa an

ig a .
ta aa
cd ita
aa ve
ia ad

a | ed

Base ball, winners, - - - Pennant.
FRIDAY EVENING.
Wrestling—catch as catch can.

Feather weight, - - Silver medal.

Light weight, - “ - “ ae

Middle weight, - - - af ™

Heavy weight, —- - - “ af

Fencing exhibition, = - a Memento.
“Horizontal bar, - : > Silver medal,

ib td

Indian club swinging, . -
[Oz

THE SPECULUM.

SATURDAY FORENOON, § O'CLOCK.

ad place.
Silver medals.
Silver medal.

Base ball, losers, - - -
Tennis, doubles, winners, =
120 yards hurdle race, > -
Mile relay race, - - -

Three legged race, - - - Silver medals.
Standing high jump, u = Silver medal.
Running high jump, - a “

Cup.

SATURDAY AFTERNOON, 1:30 O'CLOCK.
Silver medal.

ce ae

Tennis, singles, winners,
Mile bicycle race,

440 yards dash. . -
Base ball throw, ~ = : “ a
Passing rugby, - - - ia ac
Kicking rugby, - - .
Foot ball, Olivet vs. Albion, - Z

thy et

Cup.
NoTEs,

All those wishing to attend field day at Olivet
should hand in their names to our representative, Mr.
Sly, before the beginning of next term, so that they
may be provided for.

At the last meeting of the M. I. A. A. committee in
Jackson, April 25, it was decided to secure M. C.
Murphy of the D. A. C. as referee.

R. E. Brackett has secured the contract for making
the medals this year. Mr. Brackett made them for the
last feld day and gave excellent satisfaction.

The A. A. U. rules were adopted by the association
te govern all sports this year.

Each college in the association will not put a gold
medal on its particular sport as heretofore. The four
sports on which the gold medals will be placed are to
be decided by the M. I, A, A. committee.

J. A. Collins, instructor in the D, A. C., was
secured by our field day management to give the boys
instruction, during the week beginning May 4. He
refereed the contests inthe local field day, and was
prevailed upon to take part in some of the indoor
sports. He is undoubtedly the best athlete, besides
being a good instructor, in the northwest and we
should feel ourselves fortunate in securing him.

LocaLt Freto Day,

The M. A. C. annual field day was held in Lansing,
Saturday, May 9. The indoor sports took place in the
armory the evening of May 8, consisting of sparring,
wrestling, fencing, bar performance, high kicking, etc.
Saturday, at Washington Park, the outdoor contests
in running, jumping, hurdling, etc., took place, There
was a game of base ball between the M. A. C, and M.
A. A. teams. This field day was held for the purpose
of deciding the ones who shall represent us in the con-
tests at Olivet. The paper went to press before com-
plete results could be secured.

IN
OUR Manufacturing

Department

Weemploy the

Largest force of

Skilled Designers and

Jewelers in the State, and

Have unequaled facilities for
Producing Artistic Jewelry and
Society Badges of Every Description.

Wright, Kay & Co.,
IMPORTERS & JEWELERS.

104 Woodward Ave, = *

ee —_— a

R. B. SHANK & CO.,
THE LEADING
GHROCHRS

20 Washington Avenue South,

Don’t forget that

WILLEY & BENTLEY

Are doing the Laundry Business at

the College.
THE SPECULUM.

GENTS’ FINE SHOES

{04 Washington Avenue North.

A SPECIALTY.
MADE TO

DENTS IN STYLES AND PRICES.
104.

EXTRA EFFORT
PLEASE COLLEGE STL-

PARMELEE & JESSOP.

FOR THE FINEST

Photodraphi¢é + Work

—Go TO—

CASSEY & RILEY,

OVER LANSING NATIONAL BANK,

SPECIAL RATES TO STUDENTS.

OUT-DOOR GROUPS MADE ON SHORT NOTICE.

T. H. SEDINA,

THE MERCHANT TAILOR,

Is so busy removing to the new and elegant

store built for him by Mr. P. L. Daniels
that he has not time to tell the boys of the
M. A. C. about his new goods. But he will
be able to take care of all who are in need

, of Suitings, or any thing in his line.

GIVE HIM A CALL.

FRED W. BERTCH,

Wholesale and retail dealer in Fresh and Salt

MBAT'S

POULTRY, GAME IN SEASON.

No. 333. Washington Ave. South.

Telephonic Communication

s LION *¢ [} PHARMACY.

WM. F. HANSEN.
FINE DRUGS,
Medicines and Pure Chemicals,

FANCY AND TOILET ARTICLES,

PERFUMES,

Largest stock of Imported and Key West
Cigars, Cigarettes and Fine Tobaccos.

MICH

Next to Postoffiice. LANSING,

binds

VOISELLE & LAROSE,

STUDENTS HEADQUARTERS Fou

Wall Paper and Decorations.

All styles at Rock Bottom Prices,
THE SPECULUM.

us

EB, D. LUCH,

DRUGS.

PERFUMES AND CIGARS.

Opposite National Bank,

Lansing, Michigan.

“ AJ that Glisters is not Gold.”

We dc not boast of a fine brick building
and elegant parlors. Our Gallery is neat
and commodious, and no better light in Cen-
tral Michigan. After an experience of thirty-
four years, and always doing my own oper-
ating, I claim the right to say that I can, I
will, and I do make the FINEST photo-
graphs in the city of Lansing. Try me and
see. It will cost you nothing if I fail.
Special rates to all connected with M. A. C.

CHENEY.

201 Washington Ave. 5.

Buy your Writing

Students, desks, Book-cases,

Chairs, Tables, Cots, Mattresses,

etc., of

COWLES BROS.,

FURNITURE DEALERS.

Lowest prices in the city,

235 Washington Ave. 5.
LANSING -

COLLEGE BUS

Leaves College at 8:30 A. M, and 1:30 P. M.

RETURNING:
Leaves Lansing at 10:30 A. M., and 4:30 P. M.

All packages, etc., left at A. M. Emery’s
will be promptly attended to.

STRATTON.

|

DENTIST ?

Twenty-two years’ experience asa Practical
Dentist. The only Dentist in Lansing who
is a graduate of a Dental College.

Bripce Work orn TEETH WITHOUT
PLATES. GOLD OR PORCELAIN
CROWNS.

Office over Lansing National Bank, Lansing.

JOHN HERRMANN, |

Merchant Sailor

228 Washington Ave. N,,

Opposite Opera House Block,

Keeps the largest selection of fine Cloths
in Central Michigan.

STYLE AND WORKMANSHIP THE VERY BEST

U. H. FORESTER,

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL

Books, Stationery, Toys, Fancy Goods
THE BIG WINDOW, WASHINGTON AVE.,

LANSING. WICHIGAN.

| iL eS) Ib I Gb IK 9
THE CLOTHIER.
Headquarters for Fine Clothing

Hats, Caps and Gents’ Furnishing Goods
& Specialty.

STUDENTS and OTHERS, Give vs a Call! -.

112 Washington Avenue North,

THE SPECULUM.

ABOdT ADVERTISEMENTS.

STUDENTS, Ler us PATRONIZE THOSE WHO PATRONIZE US. THOSE} WHO TAKE

ENouGcH INTEREST IN US TO ADVERTISE IN OUR PAPER SURELY
DeEsERVE Our PATRONAGE.

YOU WiLbl wane

A New Har soon, and in looking for a place to supply your wants permit
me to call attention to my Hat Department, believing it the largest and finest
in this city. Selected personally in the Eastern markets, you can depend
upon the styles being the very latest, and prices right. If you want a high-
grade hat, buy none but the Celebrated Youman’s New York Hat—the finest,
nattiest hat made for young men. Also full and compiete line of Knox, Miller
and Dunlap shapes at $2.50, $3.00, and $3.50.

The Automatic, Lace-back Suspender is unquestionably the best wearing,
most comfortable suspender on the market. I have them at 5oc., 75c., and
$1.00. Try them, and you will use no other.

Neckwear is a department that receives much of my attention, and am
always prepared to show you the latest novelties as they appear.

It will be to your interest to look through my Underwear stock before
making your purchases. I bought it right, and am prepared to make you
attractive prices. One Dollar buys the best suit of Merino Underwear you
ever saw; Shirt finished with French neck and ribbed bottom; Drawers with
satteen fronts and straps. Wool underwear from $1.50 suit to $7.50.

When you buy an Umbrella, get a good one—only costs a trifle more than
‘one of these trashy things made to sell and not expected to wear. The
Century” is undoubtedly the best wearing cover made, and guaranteed in
every particular. Come in and see them before buying.

For a nice dress shirt you will be pleased with the Columbia or Monarch—
fine fitting and always the latest styles.

For 50 cents, will sell you the “‘Giant’’ Unlaundered Shirt, the best-made
and finest fitting shirt on the market at that price; and 75 cents buys the finest
Unlaundered Shirt I carry, and is a better shirt than you have paid $1.00 for
many a time.

Collars, Cuffs, Canes, Handkerchiefs, Hosiery, Gloves, Mufflers, Jewelry,
in fact anything in the way of nice furnishings, you will find in my stock.
Always pleased to show my stock, even though you do not wish to purchase.
Students’ patronage respectfully solicited.

ELGIN MIFFLIN, The Furnisher,
No. 103 Washington Avenue North.

——
THE SPECULUM.

Michigan School J¥\oderator,

SELII-LONTHLY=.

$1.50 per Year.

The OFFICIAL EDUCATIONAL PAPER of the State.

PRIMER OF MICHIGAN HISTORY,—W. J. Cox, 112 pp., cloth, 40 cts.
CIVIL GOVERNMENT OF MICHIGAN,—H. R. Pattengill, 96 pp., cloth, 30 cts.
MANUAL OF ORTHOGRAPHY AND ELEMENTARY SOUNDS,—H. R.

Pattengill, 64 pp., 30 cts.

THE MODERATOR one year, and any one of these books, $1.65.

Address H R PATTENGILL, Lansing,

Mich

The M. C. Lilley & Co.

HEADQUARTERS FOR

MILITARY GOODS OF ALL KINDS.

REGALIA SUPPLIES, BAND EQUIPMENTS, AND
UNIFORMS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS.

Special Inducements to Students and those getting up Clubs or Corrpanies. ©

COLUMBUS,

OHIO.

ARTHUR A. EICHER,

LIVERY,

Boarding and Feed Bart.

106 Grand Street North,

Lansing,” Mich.

SHHLY
DRUGS, PERFUMES, SPECTACLES.

CITY HALL BLOCH,
Lansing, Mich.

BEE-KEEPER'S GUIDE,

Manual ef the Apiary.

14,000 sold since 1876. 5.000 sold since Mar, 18k. 16th 1,000
wholly revised. much enlarged. and many costly
illustrations added.

Price, by mail, $125. Liberal discount to dealers and for
eluba,

Registered anropshires and Short Hornsof the most fashion-
able strains for sale,

A. J. COOE, Author and Publisher,
Lansing, Mich.

—

W. H. PORTER,

First-Class Livery and Hacks,

Stables cor, Capitol Ave, and Washtenaw 5t,
tlephone No. 65.

| THAT CLOCK ON THE WINDOW

Ja for the benefit of the public, and also to mark
the location of

B. B. MORGAN, Jeweler,

I MAKE WATCH REPAIRING A SPECIALTY.

After securing your work once, I will endeavor to keep your
patronage by doing it well. -

—
= 7
THE SPECULUM.

CHICAGO MEDICAL COLLEGE,

Corner Prairie Avenue and a6th Street, CHICAGO, ILL,

Medical Department of the Northwestern University. Session of 1890-91.
N, 8. DAVIS, M. D., LL. D., Dean.

The Thirty-secoml Annual Course of Instruction will begin Tuesday, September 23d, 1800, and close Tuesday, April 28th, 1891.
fhe course of instruction is graded, students being divided into first, second and third year classes, Applicants for admission
must present diplomas or certificates from recognized colleges, schools of science, academies, high schools, or teachers’ certifi-
cules of the first or second grade, or sustain a preliminary examination, ;

The methed of instruction is conspicuously practical, and is applied in the wards of the Mercy and St. Luke's Hospitals daily
at the bedside of the sick, in the South Side Dispensary and Amphitheatres attached to the College, where upwards of fourteen
thousand jealients are treated an nually. Pees: Matriculation $s. Lectures, first and second years, cach, #5. third year
free. Demonstrator $10, including mtterial, Operative Surgery $5, including material. Laboratory $5, Hreakage (re-
turnabler $s. Hospitals : Mercy $6, for third year students; St. Luke's Be, for second year students; final examination #30, a
extra fees for Private Classes.

For further information or announcement address

FRANK BILLINGS, M. D,, Sec’y, 235 State Street, Chicago, Ill.

DENTIST. | LUNCH COUNTER.
L. G. PULLEN, D.D.S. | DEE GERI.

Recently of Philadelphia, has located in this :
City to practice the profession of Dental The Best Lunches and Warm

Surgery. P ossessing every modern appli- Meals at all hours.
ance for the successful treatment of the
natural teeth, also the replacement of lost Deference shown to M, A. C. boys.

teeth by the most approved artificial sub-

stitutes. Office, 103 Washington Avenue, G. M. HAST Y,

over Mifflin’s store, Lansin , Mich, 117 Washington Ave. S.
5

J. S. MOFFETT, IF YOU WANT A NICE

DEN LIST ! Suit or Spring Overcoat,

Twenty-two years’ experience asa Practical
Dentist. The only Dentist in Lansing who
is a graduate of a Dental College.

Hat or Cap, or anything in the Furnishing Goods line,
give usa call, All goods marked in plain figures,

BripGe Work or TreetH WrrHout
Plates. GoLp oR PoRCELAIN SOB BECE,

CROWNS.
Office over Lansing National Bank, Lansing.

- yostrl GILlorrg
Dteel Pens.

FOR ARTISTIC USE in fine howe
Nos. 699 (Crow-quill), 290 and gr.
#OR FINE WREEL G,
No. 303 and Ladies’, 170,
FOR BROAD WRITING,

: Nos. a8g and Stub Point, G49.
FOR GENERAL erties,
Nos. 404, 933, 390 and Goy.

TY MOST PERFECT OF PENS.

Geld Medal Paris Exposition, 1678.
Joseoh Gillott & Sons, gi John St., New York.

11 Michigan Avenue E, THE CLOTHIER.

THE SPECULUM.

COLLEGE BOYS, yO eaters CMe ra ait for the wagon.”
College Text Books and Stationery Constant! y on Hand. |
A Large Stock of Miscellaneous Books, Albums, Paintings, Engravings,

Gold Pens, Wirt’s Fountain Pens, Picture Frames and Wall Paper,
at Reduced Rates to the Students.

Pror. McEwan’s $100 Liprary in stock.
A. M. EMERY, 113 Michigan Avenue.

THIS YOUNG LADY

(EVIDENTLY A CO-ED.,)

Is Admiring a Pair of Aber’s Fine Shoes!

Why should she not be on an equal
“footing,” both in Shoes and in Col-

lege, with the boys?

A SPHCIAL FEA TUESI

for young men. In fact it is Uoaph iv td Ay ie
headquarters for ck %

H. KOSITCHEK & BROS.,

(Successors to H. LEDERER & SONS.)
LEADERS OF

Fashionable Clothing and Gent's Furnishisg Goods,

LANSING, MICHIGAN.

J. RR. POTTER, MUSIC.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE Latest Music, Guitars, Banjos, Violins, Organs, Pianos, in
fact, everything in the line of

, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS,
B A RA B E RB S HO P, At rock bottom pri ices. Students’ patronage respectfully
- licited.
Room 28, Williams Hall. S SANBORN & CO,, Opera House Block.