THE SPECULUM.

a

3

VoLUME X.—WNo. &,

nim a Le

The Benefits of the Agricultural Col-
lege to the Farmers.

EX:'GoY. C. G. LUCE.

The world moves, and the forces that con-
trol its movements are constantly changing.
We are now only emerging from the long
period of force and military power, where
powder, shot and shell have been the con-
trolling factors in the settlement of disputed
questions. Now thoughts, ideas and uni-
versal education are more and more recog-
nized as the safe and sure foundations upon
which society must rely for safety, perman-
ency and prosperity. But the onward march
of civilization, in its progress, is much like
the marching of a mighty army to conflict
and victory. With the bravest of men and
the ablest and most skillful of commanders,
there are retreats and many counter. marches.
And again, the successful commander of
men will see as he enters upon a life and
death struggle that his most important points
in the line of battle are well fortified,
guarded and protected. He will also see
that there are no gaps or weak places in the
whole line of battle where the enemy can
break through and thereby throw the whole
army into confusion. In the fierce competi.
tion and peaceful conflicts between the great
nations of the earth it has been demon-
strated that strength was found in education
and increased knowledge. England dis-
covered this at the Paris exposition, where
she found that she was being distanced on
many of her own chosen fields. A com-
mission was appointed to discover the cause.
They soon learned that Germany, France,
Holland and others were doing more for the
education of the masses of their people than
England was, and that they were thus ena-

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, Micu., JULY 10, 1891.

2 ee

WHOLE No. 54,

bled to gain upon, if not pass them, in the
race. English statesmen, having discovered’
the cause, hesitated not to apply the remedy,
and such a cry for the schoolmaster went
forth as was never heard in old England
before. The teachers responded to the call,
the people assented, and all rejoice. But
your readers may well ask what this bit of
history has todo with agricultural colleges
or agricultural education. Along through
the ages colleges for the education and
equipment of students for all of what are
known as the learned professions have
existed. For this purpose they have been
regarded as a necessity for centuries. Theo-
logical seminaries, medical colleges and law
schools dot the world and the nation over.
They are established and maintained without
stint or objection. But some years ago it
was made apparent to some of the captains
of our civilization that the one weak point
in our line of march was the crying want of
agricultural education. And this weak point
in the line of battle was found to be occupy-
ing the most important position on the whole
line, and this fact increased the desire of
those who realized and appreciated the truth
to fortify and strengthen the vital points,
No English statesman or philanthropist was
ever more anxious to build up and regain
this lost ground than were these men. For
this purpose, and through these influences,
the agricultural college was called into
existence. For this reason the legislature
was commanded by the constitution of this
State to “As soon as possible provide for the
establishment of an agricultural school.” In
obedience to this provision, and in harmony
with a growing, although far from a unani-
mous, public sentiment, our Agricultural

College commenced its official life. It was
SPECULUM.

TUE

just as certain then as now that our civiliza-
tion could not march successfully on to the
mighty achievements within its reach with
its center weak because not fortified by
proper and especial education, as it is that no
general can fight battles successfully with
All farmers
ought to sce—but some do not—what Eng-

his most vital point exposed.

land’s statesmen saw at the Paris show:
what we need is the schoolmaster to teach in
our line. That our colleges have not accom-
plished all that we fondly hoped is true.
Enterprises, and especially new ones, seldom
do. Mistakes have been made; but in this
respect they do not stand alone.
this should not discourage or cause us to
slacken our efforts; but it should stimulate
us to renewed efforts to avoid them in the
future,
command, if necessary, in order to remedy
mistakes. The Board at our college has
been almost universally composed of practi-
eal working farmers, imbued with an earnest
desire to strengthen and broaden the dwell-
ers in the rural homes. But we are some-
times doubtingly asked: “What have the
colleges done for agriculture, anyway?” I
might, Yankee fashion, answer the question
by asking another: “What have all of our
common schools and colleges done for the
people, anyway?” Sit down and compute
it in dollars and cents if you can. And this
is what is implied when the question in rela-
tion to agricultural colleges is asked. And
yet the schools furnish the bulwark of our
advanced and advancing civilization. These
are the foundations upon which the whole
structure rests.

But even

We should counsel, advise, and

They furnish a sure guar-
antee for the perpetuity of our institutions.
But they are much clder than agricultural
colleges, and before objectors ask us to make
out an itemized account of the. financial
benefits derived from the latter, will they
please make an effort to do the same for the

former? Other colleges had plans to model
after—established precedents to guide them;

Ours

not so with the agricultural colleges.

Se,

was a pioneer of its kind. It had to feel its
way along; it had to learn as it went,
Opinions differed in regard to its scope and
work. Some of us thought that it should
be more experimental from the start. But
with all of these embarrassing features to
overcome, and with all of the conflicts of
opinion to contend with, a good, and insome
respects a great, work has been accomplished.
And this work would not and probably
could not have been done elsewhere as well.
The crowning feature of the plan adopted
and the policy pursued is that which requires
aé/ students tu labor. Please remember that
the agricultural college lives, moves, and -
has its being @or the purpose of building up

this important branch of the public ¢ervice.
We are a great army, marching on to victory
But if agriculture,
which contributes the most by far in men
and means, is permitted to lag and weaken,
occupying the center, as it does, the whole
army isin peril. Farming implies toil and
labor. Every effort should be made to ren-
This is just what the
agricultural college does. I believe that
no faithful student ever left the M. A. C.,
after taking a four years’ course, without
feeling a downright respect for labor. No
matter what pursuit he may follow, the
honor and respect for labor have become a
part of him. This he can not escape if he
would, and would not if he could. This is
at least one point gained. And another akin
to this is found when the student goes out
and locates on the farm. The education
received, not only along the line of his chosen
occupation, but in other directions, gives
him a. vantage ground by using the well-
drilled brain to guide the hand more skilfully
in the performance of its tasks. And again
the information garnered by president and
professors and disseminated at the annual
series of institutes held in different parts of
the State not only adds to the general fund
of knowledge by imparting ascertained
facts, but this stimulates thought and inquiry

if all are kept in line,

der these honorable.
THE SPECULUM. I

ha
Cad

in the minds of others.
unexplored field for research and investiga-
tion before all the facts connected with the
earth’s production are understood and utilized
to the best advantage. The colleges are
now constituted experimental stations, and
as such are to act an important part in dis-
covering long hidden facts. Indeed, so im-
portant has this work seemed to me that |
was for many years inclined to think it
should have first received attention, There
are so many things we want to know and
ought to know, and do not know, in the
conduct of our farms, that some of us at
times become impatient. But with a clearer
perception of the work assumed, I am now
satisfied that it was commenced at the right
end of the line, Truths are developed so
slowly by experiments that if this had
been the chief work we should have given
up in despair long ago. They are too slow
and expensive for individual enterprise.
Indeed, nothing less than the government
itself can undertake such work, But oy con-
cert of action between colleges, and by a care-
ful and wise expenditure of the funds, great
results must crown the efforts now being
made; and when these results shall have been
realized, as they must surely be, agricultural
colleges will rise up and stand ahead of the
oldest and best colleges in the land. We
must remember that other colleges have been
educating professors for generations; agri-
cultural colleges had theirs to discover and
then to educate to a proper performance of
their duties. No man has more difficult
tasks to perform or problems to solve than
the professor of agriculture. To find one
we have to experiment. No other way to
secure one, especially as experience has not
fully determined just what we want. The
Board always requires wisdom in the deter-
mination of what is wanted, and then comes
the who. The people all need faith, hope
and patience.

There is yet a Vast

The South spent $5,000,000 for educational purposes
in 1880, and $21,000,000 in 1883. —

oo

The Navy—Old and New.

L. €. BROOKS, UNTON. LITERARY SOCIETY.

In 1814, a most ingenious and enterpris-
ing citizen of the United States, to whom
the world is indebted for the general adop-
tion, though not for the original applica-
tion, of the power of steam to the propelling
of boats, conceived that the same power
might be employed to move a floating . bat-
tery, carrying heavy guns, for the protec-
tion of the Atlantic frontier of our Repub-
lic. The plan was submitted by Robert
Fulton to the American Executive. Con-
gress, influenced by the most liberal and
patriotic spirit, appropriated money for the
experiment, and the navy department ap-
pointed commissioners to superintend the
construction of a convenient vessel, under
the direciion of Mr. Fulton, for making the
experiment. On the twentieth of October,
1814, the vessel was launched at New York,
amidst the plaudits of a vast crowd of citi-
zens, and in a very short time after her
equipment was completed. The machines
in weight and size surpassed anything of
the kind ever before seen in America. The
vessel presented a structure resting-upon two
boats, and keels separated from end to end
by a canal fifteen feet wide, and one hun-
dred and fifty-six feet long. One boat con-
tained the cauldrons of copper to prepare
the steam, the vast cylinder of iron, with
piston, lever and wheels, occupied a part of
its fellow, and the great water-wheel re-
volved in the space between them. The
main or gun deck supported her armament,
and was protected by a bulwark of solid
timber nearly five feet thick. This was
pierced with thirty port holes to enable as_
many thirty-two pounders to fire red-hot
balls. Her upper or spar-deck was plain,
and she was to be propelled by her enginery
alone.

At length, all matters were ready for a
trial of the machinery which was to urge

this bulky affair through the water. This
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a = = a

was accomplished June 1,1815. She proved
herself capable of opposing the wind, and
stemming the tide, of crossing currents, and
of being steered among vessels riding at
anchor, though the weather was boisterous,
and the water rough. Her performance
demonstrated that the project was succesful;
no doubt remained that a floating battery,
composed of heavy artillery, could be moved
by steam. It was universally agreed that
we possessed a new ally against every mari-
time invader. The city of New York was
considered as having the means of rendering
itself invincible. The Delaware, the Chesa-
peake, Long Island Sound, and every other
bay and harbor in the Nation could be pro-
tected by the same tremendous power.

But the days of the old wooden walls are
over. The Monitor absolutely revolution-
ized naval architecture so far as concerned
war vessels, and the good work progresses.
Providing the expectations of our capable
Secretary of the Navy are fulfilled, some
time in 1893 we may have a fleet of twenty
battle ships, with coast defenders, cruisers,
and torpedo boats in suitable proportions for
efficient defense, and an establishment in
such working order
machinery, officers, men, reserves, and ves-
sels, that it can be brought without delay
into effective action.

as to  admunistrative

A navy being a fighting force, and being
required for that purpose only, we must
have ships that can both attack and defend,
and the modern battle ship is the represen-
tative of this class.

The three that are now being built, the
“Indiana” and “ Massachusetts,” at Cramp
and. Sons’ yard, Philadelphia, and the “Ore-
gon” at the Union Iron Works, San Fran-
cisco, each with a displacement of 10,000
tons and acost of over $3,000,000, are’ ex-
pected to be the equals, if not the superiors,
of any similar vessels afloat.

A model, which to all appearance will be
identical with these battle-ships, will be
presented te us at the Columbian Exposi-

a

| tion, as an object lesson, with the hopes that

the prairie people will take an interest in the
navy when they see what one of her ships
of war is like and will not in future be-
grudge $3,000,000 for one ship. The model
ship will be 348 feet in length and 69
feet in width. There will be mounted 50
guns of all calibres, from the great thirteen
inch monster, that carries a projectile weigh-
ing 1,100 pounds, to the one-pounder,
rapid-fire gun and the Gatling.
thing appertaining to the fully equipped
battle-ship will be seen in its proper place.
Turrets, torpedo-boats, anchors, chain cables,
davits, awnings, deck fittings, and the appli-
ances for working all of these things will
be shown. The thirteen-inch guns, of
which there are four, will be models, as the
real gun and carriage weighs more than one
hundred ions, and would require a building
of great strength for support. The super-
structure will show the cabins, state-rooms,
mess-rooms, tables for the crew and other
fittings. There will be exhibited on the
berth-deck the machinery by which the
ship will be operated, charts and instru-
ments of navigation, ordnance implements,
samples of provisions, clothing,etc. There
will also be portraits of naval heroes
from the time of Paul Jones to Farragut,
Foote, and Porter, and the costumes of the
navy from 1774 tothe present time will be
worn by the attendants. Officers and ma-
tines will be detailed to il'ustrate the disci-
pline and mode of lifeon ship-board. Even
the sailor of the future must be trained to
duties that he used to know nothing about.
The change in the character of the ordnance
on the ship calls for a new drill.

There longer necessary much
knowledge of the wind and its moods, so
far as the wind is considered as a propelling
power. It will not have to be considered
when the time comes for getting under way,
and battles will be fought between great
fleets without its treacherous aid. Students
of naval tactics will no longer find it neces-

Every-

is no
THE

SPECULUM.

125

sary to study modes of attack from the wind-
ward and leeward, or the effect of shifting
winds during engagements, or the relative
values of wind in fights between singleships
and between fleets.

The coming sailor must be more of a
soldier, more of a machinist, more of a
mathematician, though he may not be so
familiar with the masthead as is the  pictur-
esque old salt with rings in his ears and
curls on his shoulders. He must
spring in his step and a snap inhiseye. He
must know more about a dynamo than
about blocks and sheets and spars. To se-
cure for these new shins a force of men who
will represent the brains, the ambition, the
courage, and the patriotism of the American
people as well as these ships represent the
American mechanical genius, is the most
important task to which the Secretary of the
Navy has addressed himself.

That an American navy worthy of the
American people will be built need no
longer be questioned, for both political par-
ties are now committed to such a policy,
while a beginning has already been made
that must excite the hearty approval of
every one who becomes familiar with the
subject.

have a

How We Talk.

Cc. BR. WINEGAR, OLYMPIC 50CIETY.

The art of talking should and does’ im-
ply thinking; yet as one listens to the gib-
bering of his fellows in a crowd, the momen-
tary chats at “hops” and receptions, or even
- our every day table-talk, he must be con-
vinced that nothing is more foreign to such
conversation than thought. By the word
thought in this connection, however, is. not
meant the same stern, formal action of the
brain that gets a geometry lesson, but the use
of that faculty to judge of the propriety of
what to say and when to say it.

Some people seem to think it their duty
on meeting you to keep up an incessant

er

talking whether they say anything or not,
in which case you are said to have been
entertained. Oftentimes this same class of
talkers will span over a beautiful space of.
silence, which they seem to abhor as nature
does a vacuum, by filling it with a miscella-
neous accumulation of words.

On the other hand there are those who do
not feel quite sure what would please their.
listeners, and hesitate to speak first; they
are slow to form acquaintances, but acquain-
tances once formed are lasting. For this
class of talkers there is every hope, not only
of their becoming fluent talkers, but enter-
tainers as well.

The habit of thoughtless talking is a bad
one and hard to overcome, for like other
bad habits it has its fascinations. Why, what
can be more pleasant than chatting for hours
atea time without a “horrid” thought to.
bother you? All common sense is sacrificed
for merriment, and the talker for a time
yields to its soothing influence, as does the
smoker to his pipe. Such a form of conver-
sation can only live in its own company, and
this from its very nature, will not be of a-
high order.

The evils of this light talking are at once.
manifest. It steals from the indulger much
valuable time; it litters the mind with trash,
which eventually crowds out the better
thoughts, and leaves one an easy victim to
inferior companionship.

We see this loose talking, as it 1s some-
times called, cropping out in society, at pub-
lic gatherings, and even in colleges; where-
ever there is a crowd to fan it into life; for
folly will not thrive alone.

One phase of this habit presents itself in
the form of a continued repetition of some

phrase or word, which starts from some

place, nobody knows where, and spreads
with lightning rapidity over the country.
This rages for a season or until some orig-
inal thinker starts another. If you don’t.
believe “ we are in it” just keep your ears.
open for a little while. This little phrase
126

THE SPECULUM.

seems to have effectually driven “rats” from
the scene of action in search of “chestnuts,”
which are not an average crop this year.
Fortunately one has to be a little choice of
his language at present or the ever ready,
“you make me tired,” will put an end to
the conversation.

To the moderately original punster we
would give all due praise. It is only those
that treasure up and make collections of
these trivial sayings, and then deal them out
in a haphazard manner, that deserve to be
criticized, in fact it is always the memorizer
that does the least thinking. |

Then there is the formal talker, who has
a little speech for particular occasions and on
such occasions always delivers that little
speech. Such people need our tenderest
sympathy, for their friends are few. A sym-
pathy must exist between speaker and lis-
tener before a conversation can be carried on
successfully. But few talkers can hold the
attention and entertain all classes of people,
because of the difference in human nature
and human thought; this, however, is the
ideal toward which all should aim.

It is useless to talk at random or on a sub-
ject that interests yourself alone, thinking of
course your companion will be interested al-
so. Itis necessary to catch the eye, to at
least assure yourself that your listener is not
asleep, to listen to his own talk and by so
doing discover his peculiarities and in what
he is interested; after all this has been deter-
mined you may find that you can please him
best by leaving him to his own thoughts.
“What a man wants to do,” says O. W.
Holmes, “in talking to a stranger, is to pet
and to give as much of the best and most
real life that belongs to the two talkers as
the time will let him,”

Talk is a serious thing, though all talk
should not be serious. It is the great indi-
cation of character; one does not choose his
friends for their beauty or style of dress, but
rather the choice is made through mutual

sympathies, expressed by speech. How

|

necessary then in talking, which is but the
expressing of our thoughts, that thought not
only accompany our remarks, but that it be
of the best quality we are capable of making
it. If the old adage, think twice before
you speak, is too strong, it will still serve
you well if the dose is reduced one-half:

Take it at meal-time or wherever you zo,

It will help you in talking with friend or with foe.

Your old chums may leave you, but what do you
care,

For their talk without thinking was too much to
bear.

= Sri

SCLlENTIFIC.

Influence of the Geology of a Region
upon its Agriculture.—II.

In mountainous districts the farming is
necessarily of the rudest sort, and is largely
confined to grazing. The very lay of the
land compels it. It is here that the farmer
“looks up the chimney to see if the cows
are coming home.” Consider in this con-
nection the mountain farming of North
Carolina or the mountain dairying of Swit-
zetland.

The plains are capable of the highest pos-
sible development if the soil be suitable, and
they are generally of the best. Study the
«Black soils” of Russia, the plains of Hun-
gary or the prairies of our own West.
River valleys or the dry beds of fresh water
seas of all lands are the most fertile, being a
mixture of rocks, not the pulverized remains
of any single formation, and almost any-
thing that is suited to the climate thrives
well on these mixed soils.

Soils from pulverized sand rock, whether
on the coast or left as drift, seem suitable
with proper moisture for fruits and conifer-
ous trees, but fail utterly with the grains —
and succeed only very moderately with the
forage grasses. See the sands of New
Jersey and the Atlantic coast as well as
those of our own North.

With a fair degree of fertility these sands
THE SPECULUM.

127

—

are the most famous potato regions of the
world through perhaps not yet able to
yield the grains, See again our own north-
ern Michigan.

The “wheat lands” are decidedly calcare-
ous, or rest upon a bed of limestone. Not
that large crops of wheat are not raised upon
the rich alluvial soils, but the grain 1s darker
in color and less even in berry. See the
difference between the wheat from our own
“openings” and from the “timber lands.”
While the former excels in wheat it is
decidedly second in oats, and neither crop
will thrive upon the muck where the pepper-
mint is in its glory.

Indian corn perhaps thrives upon a greater
variety of soils than any other crop; still it
evinces a decided preference for alluvial soils,
as well as does tobacco, Cotton thrives
upon a variety of soils, but the Sea Island
only upon the richest.

Kentucky blue grass, though the cosmop-
olite among grasses, still decidedly prefers
a soil resting upon a bed of limestone, agree-
ing with wheat in this particular, and makes
but a sorry success upon sand. Red clover
is said to fail utterly on the soils of the
South that contain iron.

Sugar-bearing plants yield a lower per
cent of sweet when grown on low dark
soils, and in case of the maple the product
is decidedly darker in color.

Fibrous plants depend for a good fibre
upon a proper soil and none of them so far
as I know will succeed upon one that is
poor.

Oats, though gross feeders, require strong
soils, while rye is far less particular.

A slight difference in soil makes all the
difference between success or failure, and
these differences may be found exceedingly
close together. It is the hammock lands
somewhat above the general level of the
sandy plain that constitutes the orange lands
of Florida and is characterized by a constitu-
ent of broken shells, resembling though in
slight degree the shell lime and sand deposits

/ a,

which when quarried and allowed to dry
and harden make the famous coquina stone
of the early Spanish Americans.

In our own North, the hills with a slight
admixture of gravel are, strangely, better soils
than the sandy plains between, unless they
rest at a slight depth upon a bed of marl.

Examples might be multiplied indefinitely,
all tending to show that all crops have their
preferences for particular soils; that some
succeed only upon those of certain character,
and that the nature of the rock from which
a given soil has been formed will largely
decide the capacity of that soil to yield
agricultural crops; in other words, that tne
geology of a soil cannot be safely ignored,
but is arough and ready means of judging
of its possibilities.

Cross at right angles a mountain chain, or
any of our great glacial moraines of the
North, and note the sudden and absolute
changes to be recognized on every hand,
following in every case the well defined dif-
ferences in soils, The writer knows one
farm whose boundary upon the northeast is a
glacial moraine affording a stone fence some
four feet high, or rather deep, for it is
several rods in width, while the field itsel£ is
entirely free from stone.

Sudden changes are always confined of
course to regions of tilted strata or of glacial
moraines, but the pronounced characteristics
of large areas, depending uponthe character
of their underlying rock, or the nature of
the drift, courts study, and the time will
come when more attention will be given to
the natural constitution of our soils.

EvuGENE DavENportT.

Natural History Society.

=

Regular meeting of the Natural History
Society, June 12, 1891,

The meeting was called to order by Pres-
ident V. H. Lowe. C. F. Baker presented
an atticle on a few of the phases of cell
division, touching more especially on the
125

THE SPECULUM.

—— =

division of the chromatin band in the nucleus.
R. B. Pickett then presented the following
article on

FOXES.

Subdivision in the classification of animals
is carried toa much greater extent than in
that of plants. While in botany the terms
order and family are almost synonomous, in
zoology there is a great difference in their
meaning. The orders in the animal king-
dom are always divided into super-families,
and these sub-divided into families. In cases
where Providence has not constructed the
animals so that they may be divided and
sub-divided into groups enough, a single
group is given two or three of the “uncivil-
ized” names, so that the regularity of the
classification may not be impaired. For
example the dogs, wolves, foxes and a few
other animals, from their resemblances to
each other must be classified in the same
group. They all belong to the order Car-
nivora. But they differ so much from all
other animals of this order that they cannot
be included under another group as a subdi-
vision, so they must be ranked as a main
division of the order, and as such are given
thesuper-family name of Cynoidea. As this
super-family cannot be divided into more
than one family it is given a family name of
Canidae. The two principal genera of this
family are vulpes or foxes, and canis which
includes wolves, dogs, jackals, etc. The
vulpes includes seventeen species which are
distributed throughout all the continents ex-
cept-South America and Australia. In this
country we have the common red fox, vu/-
pes fulvus or vulpes vulgaris pensylvania-
cus, and the gray fox, valfes virginianus,
while a. third, found in the Rocky Mountain
region, has been named the Large Prairie
Fox, yet it is thought to he but a variety of
the common species. The gray fox was
formerly quite numerous in the timbered por-
tions of eastern United States. In Washing-
ton’s time it was this fox that the Virginia

gentlemen chose to hunt in preference to the

smaller red fox whose deeper cunning made it
more difficult to catch, and whose fur was less
valued, But at present it is not found in the
settled parts of the country. A few speci-
mens remain in secluded parts of the Appa-
lachian mountains. The rest have retreated
West and North before civilization which
destroyed the timber and its means of sus-
tenance. While the gray fox receded be-
fore civilization, the red fox has advanced
with it. The reason given for the extinc-
tion of the gray fox is that it did not dig its
own burrow, but depended upon natural
caves, or burrows of animals. And when
the forests were destroyed and the country
settled, sufficiently secluded places could not
be found for it to rear its young. Another
reason is that it did not possess the cunning
strategic faculty of escaping the hunter that
the red fox does. Our red fox resembles
very closely the English fox, and in cunning
and strategy certainly ranks as high. It is
with this one that this paper has to do, not so
much from a scientific standpoint as an ob-
ject of game, and as the ordinary people, if
I may use the term, know him.

Red foxes are, at present, quite numerous
in even the the thickly settled farming
regions in the southern, as well as in the
northern part of this State. I have no
doubt that if there is a person living in this
vicinity that is addicted to fox-hunting, and
is posted in the art, he could tell us of the
locality of one or more dens within a radius
of two or three miles of this place.

A specimen of vulpes fulvus (red fox)
from the college museum was exhibited, and
the rest of the article consisted of an expla-
nation of a map illustrating several fox-hunts
that were made during the three previous

winters, in the northwestern part of Jack-
aon county,

Mr. G. C. Davis gave an account of some
experiments with insecticides, conducted by
him at South Haven. He also made some
remarks in regard to the insect fauna of
THE SPECULUM.

129.

that place. Large numbers of insects, espe-
cially Coleoptera, were found on the shore
of the lake, where they had been washed
up by the waves. Many of these undoubt-

edly drifted up from Northern Illinois.
C, F, Baker, Secretary.

THE SPECUhdM,

ee

PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE COLLEGE YEAR,
BY THE STUDENTS

Or THE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE,

LS

TERMS, 75 CENTS A YEAR; SINGLE NUMBERS, 10 CENTS,
ADVERTISING KATES MADE KNOWN ON APPLICATION.

ee" All subscriptions will be regarded as continued, unless
we are notified to the contrary.

“‘Té this item is marked, your subscription is in arrears.

Sa ee

THE MODERATOR,
This superior educational journal and THE Srecu-
LUM will be sent to any address at $2 per year.

er

BOARD OF EHDITORE.

ECLECTIC S0CIETY,
K, L. BurtreR FIELD, Editor-in-Chick
Literary Articles and Editorials,

PHI DELTA THETA FRATERNITY.
VW. HL LirnveE,  - - « “

OLYMPIC SOCIETY.
H, W. MuM¥Fonp, = . .
UNION LITERARY S50CIETY.
A. R. Locke, " . * =

HESPERIAN SOCIETY,
5. C. Dunpore, - - Colleres and Exchanges.

DELTA TAU DELTA FRATERNITY.
Frank BaveEsLe, " 7 «

Science,
College News,

Personals,

Auth beties.

Business Manager.
“Asst, Business Manager.
Treasurer,

. E, Hinkson,
<, B, Hae, * -
Sec. H. G. Raevyouns, - :

a — Said

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, JULY 10, 1591.

Tue value of good lectures 15 unques-
tioned, and yet the r benefits do not seem to
be appreciated by some. If there is an ad-
mis-ion fee to such entertainments the chapel
is far from crowded; if none, perhaps a
somewhat larger attendance may be observed.
Of course we do not mean to say that there
is a general want of support to the lecturers
who address us, but only that some of the
students, and others, who could ju t as well
attend, do not do so, and thus show a lack of
interest in and appreciation of advantages.

ae

It is to be hoped that in the future first-class
lecturers can secure large audiences, so that
the occasional engagement of such men can
be justified. —

oy

WHILE it is very gratifying to the friends
of the college that so many of our young
alumni are taking high positions in similar
institutions, it can nut be denied that the
policy of “‘professor-culture” is one not
always conducive to the best interests of our
own college. It tends to produce soil-
exhaustion unless the crop
on the farm. No sooner is a man trained
into a valuable assistant to a professor than
an attractive call takes him away. Then
the process is repeated. When a department
gets hold of an able man as an assistant, it
should possess money enough to retain him

can be retained

for aterm of years. We now have a few
instances of this, and in every case we believe
the efficiency of the department is greatly

augmented,

RETROSPECTION is the employment of
old age, and is not for the young man. And
yet, as the years march by in quick succes-
sion until a long-expected occasion ap-
proaches, none can avoid the reflective
mood. Especially is this true of him about
to leave his Alma Mater, bearing with him
the seal of his full adoption as one of her
honored children.
one a vivid recollection of those first few
days onthe campus, when took place the
change from what might appropriately be
termed the larval period of boyhood, into the
cocoon of collegiate life; and within these
walls, during four years, has a further won-
derful process of transformation been carried
on, until now he is about to break forth fully
developed, and only at the present moment
entirely ready to begin his true life. Very
likely memory is caught in a series of more
wonderful capers. It pulls down the “stack”

There comes to such a

-in one’s own room, and builds another in

it succeeds, without much
able-bodied

that of a fellow;
effort, in catching a large,
130

THE SPECULUM.

“duck ;” it visits the fruit garden at unseason-
able hours; it looks with present non-
chalance upon the once fearful specimens of
« goose-eggs,” and is in general very erratic.
Yet it takes occasion, before it ceases its
wanderings, to peep into the old familiar
“box;” affectionately grasps the friendly
hand of “pard;” seeks the kindly society
hall; wanders by moonlight under the arms
of the great oaks. Ah, these college days!
When shall we see their like again? May
the joy of the recent past inspire us for the
sterner future. |

As it is customary at this time for “ye
editors” to bid their friends farewell, so must
we take leave of our SpEcULUM readers in
the conventional manner. But not alone
from a sense of propriety would we do this.
It would indeed be sad for us to leave, with-
out a word of parting, a task so thoroughly
enjoyable as ours has been; a real acquaint-
ance so cordial as has grown up between the
editors and the genial persons known by the
general term of “readers,” an object so liv-
ing and personal as THE SPECULUM has be-
come tous. Soafew words with you all
and we will leave you.

We believed the established policy of THE
SprcuLuM.to be sound, and consequently
have endeavored to carry into our work the
same principles of kindly criticism, fairness,
and common sense that have imbued our
predecessors. We have never had great
aspirations to p»se as radicals in our conduct
of the paper. And so, if it can be said that
we have not suffered THE SPECULUM to re-
lapse into any less degree of vigor and of
worth than it has possessed heretofore, we
shall feel that our labor has not been in vain.

And now we bid Tue Srecutum and its
readers farewell. As the years roll on, and
other men take up the work, you may forget

us and what we have tried to do for you. |

We can never forget you and the wonderful
help you have been to us.

COLLEGE NEWS.
A special number of the SpecuLvm will probably be
published about commencement time. It will con-
tain portraits and sketches of the Faculty and various
scenes on the campus, together with other interesting

matter.

Miss Goodwin is visiting at the college.

Senators Taylor and Toan visited the college June 25.

Secretary Reynolds is enjoying a four weeks’ rest.

Professor Edwards has been granted the degree of
LL. D.

The seniors have decided to have a class day and no
lecture. .

L. C. Gibbs enjoyed a visit from his father a few
days since.

Mr. and Mrs. Pattison recently spent a day with
their son.

Miss Latson, of the Lansing Blind School, is one of
our simmer students.

Mrs. C. J. Monroe, of South Haven, visited her son,
George, the last of June.

L, A. Clinton was at the Harrison Experiment Sta-
tion, June 18 and 19.

Cc. F. Baker is assisting Prof. Cook in the Entomo-
logical Department.

A. B. Chase entertained his mother and sister at the
college for a few days last week.

Dr. Scott, President of the Ohio State University,
was at the college a few days since.

Prof. McFarland, of Olivet College, lectured in the
college chapel Friday evening, July 3.

Our campus has been the rendezvous for several
picnic parties during the past few weeks.

President Clute gave an address at the closing exer-
cises of the Blind School, Tuesday, June 23.

The Botanical Club spent Saturday, June 27, at
Grand Ledge. Some rare plants were obtained.

Mr. C. H. Clute and family of New York recently
spent a few days with their cousin, President Clute.

Mr.. Goodenough takes Professor Colburn's class
in mechanics, and Mr. Hilly er his mechanical drawing
class.

Prof. Vandevort's lecture on “‘ Five weeks on the
Continent” was listened to with much interest and
pleasure.

The senior class was agreeably entertained by the
Feronians, at Dr. Beal's, on the evening of June rt,
and by Dr, and Mrs. Durand, Friday evening, June 19.

Professor Meyers left forthe State Agricultural Col-
lege of Colorado, June 22. Mr. Babcock will have
charge of Professor Meyers's classes in geometry dur-
ing the summer season.
Atthe regular hour for Sunday morning chapel,
8:30 a. M., beginning June 25, will be given a series of
half-hour talks by the following professors: Dr. Du-
rand, Dr. Kedzie, Professor Cook, Dr. Edwards, Dr.
Beal.

The lecture delivered in chapel, Friday evening, |
are assessed, levied and paid, which tax when col-

June 26, by Rev. D. M. Fiske, of Jackson, was enjoyed
by all present. His subject, “ Wanted, By the
Twentieth Century, A Man,” was one which would
naturally excite interest. As treated by the speaker
it was practical and pleasing.

Sir John Bennet Lawes, of Rothamstead, England,
has presented the college library nine valuable vol-
umes which contain the results of the experiments
carried on at the Rothamstead Farm for many succes-
sive years.

The following is a copy of the bill relating to the
college appropriation as finally passed by the Legisla-
ture:

Sectiox 1. The People of the Siate of Michigan
enact, That there shall be and is hereby appropriated
out of the State Treasury, four thousand five hundred
dollars for the rebuilding of the greenhause ; seven
hundred dollars for heating the south half of College
hall: five hundred dollars for heating of the horticul-
tural laboratory: seven hundred and fifty dollars for
permanent heating apparatus; twenty-one hundred
dollars for the farm department; fifteen hundred dol-
lars for the mechanical department; five hundred and
seventy dollars for the horticultural department; five
hundred and thirty dollars for the greenhouse; five
hundred dollars for the botanical department; one
hundred dollars for the veterinary department; five
hundred dollars for the chemical department; five
hundred dollars for the physical department ; seven
hundred dollars for the zoological department; two
thousand forty-five dollars for the steam works depart-
ment: two hundred dollars for the mathematical and
engineering department ; one hundred and fifty dollars
for the English department; five hundred dollars for
the military depariment ; two thousand dollars for the
library: two hundred and fifty dollars for the
drafting department ; seven thousand eight hundred
dollars for the repair of buildings, steam and water
works: eight thousand dollars for student labor; fif-
teen hundred dollars for farmers’ institutes; ten
thousand dollars to replace botanical laboratory; a
total of forty-five thousand eight hundred and ninety-
five dollars, of which one half shall be paid in the year
one thousand eight hundred and ninety-one, and one-
half inthe year one thousand eight hundred and nine-
ty-two, which said moneys provided for in this act, or
so much thereof as may be necessary, shall be ex-
pended under the direction of the State Board of Agri-
culture for the purposes aforesaid, and shall be drawn
from the treasury on presentation of the proper certifi-
cate of said board to the Auditor General and on his
warrants to the State Treasurer.

Sec, 2. There shall be assessed upon the taxable
property of the State in the year one thousand eight

ee

131

hundred and ninety-one the sum of twenty-two thou-
sand nine hundred and forty-seven dollars and fifty
cents, and in the year one thousand eight hundred and
ninety-two the sum of twenty-two thousand nine hun-
dred and forty-seven dollars and fifty cents, to be
assessed and levied in like manner as other taxes

lected shall be credited to the general fund to re-im-

burse the same for the sums to be drawn therefrom
as provided for in this act.

Hon. Henry Chamberlain, of Grand Rapids, will be
gratefully remembered by friends of the college for
his efforts in behalf of the college bill, The delay in
its passage will greatly inconvenience buijding this
year, but the board hope to have the foundation of the
new botanical laboratory complet.d this fall, also ex-
pect the greenhouse will be ready for fall and winter
use. We can do nothing more than to express our
regret that certain features of the bill were stricken

. Omt.

PERSONALS.

We desire the earnest co-operation of every person
who has ever been connected with the college in try-
ing to make this department an interesting one. Let
every alumnus and every person who has been with
classes here send in news to the editor of this depart-
ment, often, thus making his work much easier and
the department more interesting to all.

Cards have been received by our Faculty announc-
ing the marriage of Miss Anna Fairchild, daughter of
President Fairchild of the Kansas Agricultural College,
who was at one time connected with M. A. C.

"By.

“We are happy to announce that Frank Hodgman’s
health has considerably improved, and he will present
the poem at the Triennial, instead of being unable to
do so, as was reported in a late issue o: the SFEcULUM.

G7.
W. W. Tracy, with D. M. Ferry & Co., Detroit,
visited the college June 28, where he has two sons in
attendance. He promises to send two more at the
beginning of next year.
68.
F. S. Burton of Detroit has favored our legislature

by his attention and interest in the passage of a bill
introducing the Rhines Voting Machine into our bal-

lot system.
"70.
G. A. Farr, orator for the alumni reunion, will be
on hand with his oration in due time.

74-

R. H. McDowell has resigned his position in the
department of agriculture in the Colorado Agricultn-
132

THE SPECULUM.

ral College at Fort Collins, to accept the chair of agri-
culture in the Nevada Agricultural College,

Donald MacPherson, attorney-at-law in Washing-
ton, D. C., has a very satisfactory practice. He
spends his spare time in reading upon scientific ques-
tions and political and ethical issues ofthe day. Such
time not so engaged is spent in recuperation and mak-
ing provisions for the family comforts of himself, his
wife and one child.

76.

W. W. Bemis has been elected Commissioner of
Schools of Ionia Co. Itis a noticeable fact that our
graduates play a prominent part in the educational
institutions of Ionia Co. L. B. Hall and E. A.
Murphy of '82, with W. W. Bemis as chairman, consti-
tute the board of school examiners.

told,

F. E. Robson, lately one of Lansing’s lawyers, has
removed his office to Detroit where already he is doing
an excellent business.

R. H. Gulley will spend the summer studying Greek
under Dr. Edwards of the literary department at M.
A, C.

Cc. C. Georgeson, professor of agriculture in the
Kansas Agriculture College, has finished his first year's
work there, and promises attendance at the triennial
reunion.

F. E. Skeels is doing a handsome business in sur-
veying and landscape gardening in the city of Grand
Rapids.

WITH '79.

Frank Barnett is general missionary of the Ameri-
can Baptist Home Missionary Society, having his
headquarters at Ogden City, Utah. His wife was a
Michigan girl. . He is the happy father of four chil-

dren...
ir,

Dr. W. R. Hubbert has now returned from Michigan
City, Dakota, and is now practicing his profession in
Detroit, Michigan.

"82.

A.J. Chappell of Alba, Michigan, bolds his position
as commissioner of county schools for another year.

Married, June 24, at St. Joseph, Michigan, W. L.
Snyder to Miss Emma L, Parsons.

83.

J. H. Smith, a Chicago school teacher, visited the

college during the last of June.
"85.

E. A. Bartmess sailed from New York, June 27, on
the steamer “City of Rome” bound for Glasgow,
Scotland. He will spend the entire summer visiting
places of literary and historical interest, going as far
south on the continent as Rome, and returning to his
home at Lowell, Mass., in the autumn.

J. W. Matthews proposes to take work at his Alma
Mater as a summer student this term.

SE

SS,

A. E, Bulson graduated at the Rush Medical Col-
lege, Chicago, IIl., last month and will locate for prac-
tice in Jackson, Mich.

C. B, Cook will fill the vacancy caused by the resigna-
tion of F. J, Niswander from the entomological depart-
ment of the M. A. C.

F. H. Hillman is again with his Alma Mater pursu-
ing studies for his M. 5. degree, while Mrs. Hillman
honors the class of 'g1 by being a member,

L. C, Colburn, late assistant here in mathematics,
has resigned his position to accept an appointment as
professor of physics and mechanics in the University
of Wyoming.

WITH ‘88.

Will Hannaford has begun his career asa minister
of the Gospel, and is preaching in Pierport, Manistee
Co., Mich.

"Bg.

F. M. Paine is working at home on the Richview

Stock Farm at Rockford, Mich.

W. E, Palmer and “Deacon” Earle, with headquar-
ters at Albion, Indiana, will canvass for the Encyclo-
pedia Britannica during the summer, spending only
time enough to attend commencement.

David Anderson is studying law at Paw Paw, Mich.

On June 19 and 20 L. A. Clinton, assistant on the
Agricultural Experiment Station, reviewed the work
of the station at Harrison, Mich. He reports the crops
growing finely.

W. E. Davis, who has been teaching since gradua-
tion in the first literary department of the blind school
is now at the college taking work in mechanical
drawing and mathematics.

Geo. J. Jenks, of Sand Beach, and a heavy mustache
are taking special work in chemistry for a few weeks
this term.

F, J. Niswander, assistant fortwo years in the Ento-—
mological Department at M. A, C., has been called
to the chair of agriculture and entomology at the State
University of Wyoming. :

B. K. Canfield has returned from Paris, and is liable
to call upon his Alma Mater almost any day.

WITH "8g.

George L. Foote, again made happy.
girl. Cigars next, George.

"go,

John W. Toan is employed in one of Portland's lead-
ing drug stores, Quite recently he took a short recre-
ation by visiting the college

J. R. McColl will spend his vaca ion from the Uni-
versity at Knoxville, Tenn., studying amidst the
familiar scenes of his college days.

H E. Bunce, of St. Clair County, after spending a,
few months’ sailing upon the lakes, visited his old

familiar haunts, tried the college bus, and then
returned to his father’s farm.

It is another
THE SPECULUM.

—— — — a “2 ae

133

W.J. Meyers, late of the Mechanical Department at
M.A. C., has accepted the professorship of mathemat-
ics in the Colorado Agricultural College, where two
years ago he was employed.

A. L. Waters, of the State Mining School at Hough-
ton, Mich., favored his college friends with a visit in
early June, and lacked notin enthusiasm on Field
Day at Olivet. Mr. Waters speaks approvingly of the
Mining School.

WITH ‘gt.

G. H. Hicks succeeds J. W. Toumey as assistant to
Dr. Beal in botany.

Geo. Church has a length of about six feet. The
mining school where he is attending, with class of "93,
is as well adapted to growth and health as to educa-
tional desires.

WiTH "93.

J. I. Vincent's many friends will be glad to learn that
he successfully passed the entrance examination at
West Point last month.

— ee

COLLEGES.

a.

Back pay of teachers in Spain now amounts to $700,-
000.

Boston has $40,000 worth of pianos in her public
schools.

Idaho is to have a University, an Agricultural Col-
lege and a Normal School.

The youngest student ever graduated from Yale is
Charles Chauncey, age 15 years.

The ground will shortly be broken for the Chicago
University, and the academic department buildings
will be begun at once.

Out of the 365 colleges in the United States, 204 are

co-educational, and women constitute 55 per cent of
the undergraduates,— £2.

It is said that Bismarck studied thirteen hours a day
while at college. We wonder if the students at the
Agricultural College do the same.

The New Stanford University buildings, which are
rapidly approaching completion, are situated at Palo
Alto, on an estate of 8,000 acres, which reaches from
the valley of the bay of San Francisco to the foot hills

of the coast range.

The following are the figures for the greatest known
libraries : Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, 2,290,000 vol-
umes; British Museum, 1,550,000 volumes bound, and
50,000 pamphlets; Imperial Public, St. Petersburg,
1,000,000 printed volumes; the famous library of
Alexander, destroyed 273 A. D., 7oo,o00 volumes;
Royal Berlin, 700,000 printed volumes and 15,000
mss.; library of Congress, Washington, 396,000 vol-
umes and 396,000 pamphlets.

h

er

sae

Ss

EXCHANGES.

A college needs poise as well as an individual. Poise
for a college means the respect that its students have
for it, combined with their respect for other institu-
tions. The proportion should be half and half. A
loyalty to our college that can see no good in other

| colleges, is narrow. Arespect for other institutions

at the expense of the one that gives us our education
igmean. And all that poise means for an individual
it means for a college. It means a dignity that is not
stiff; a freedom that is not mistaken for boldness.—
Ex.

Cheer a good play; cheer a good hit. If we are
ahead or behind, cheer anyway. If we are retired,
cheer.—£.

The Washburn Argo has a well-written article en-
titled “It Does Pay.’ It is well worth attention, aud
the truths contained are helpful to its readers.

A patriotic student is never a “chronic kicker.”
Never attend an institution that you cannot heartily
endorse.

They both to church together went,
On devotion doubtless bent ;

The preacher preached quite fervently
On Sadducee and Pharisee.

Asthey together homeward walked,
They both upon the sermon talked,
Said he to her, “why, don't you see,
We're Pharisee and Sadducee.”

She turned on him her great blue eyes
With one swift look of sad surprise,
He quickly hastened to aver

He was her ardent worshiper.

Said he to her, “Why, don't you see,
You are the only fair [ see,

And since you never can love me,

*T is that that makes me sad, you see.”
—hichinson Liberal.

The Niagara Index seems to intimate that it is the
only infallible college paper printed. The June issue
will leave no good impression on the minds of its read-
ers, It seems that the editor of the department ‘‘Our
Table,’’ delighted to show his smartness at the expi-
ration of his editorship. His keenness of thought
and his ability as acrtic are remarkable. We do not
believe in giving long descriptions or narrations of
facts that may be put in a few words. We try to
instruct, not to blur the mind with gleaming generali-
ties. And now, since the Niagara Jndea cat, Tom,
is dead, we will not need to diagnose the case any

further.

We wish that the students would remember the fol-
lowing stanza, as quoted :
“Come to the exchange table,
*T is sucha pieasant sight
To see the college papers,
So beautiful and bright.”
134

THE SPECULUM.

— ieee

I DID NOT SUIT,

Down on my knees I seize her hand,
That maiden peerless in the land,
“(Q), fair one, let me press my suit!"

With throbbing heart I swear my love
By all the stars that shine above—
Oh, if'she'd only follow suit!

Her frigid words my life- blood freeze,

“Tf you kneel there and bag your knees,

[think you'll have te press your suit.”
« —FArinonian

FAREWELL.

"T is yout last call for copy, O! managing eds,
'Tis the Lest time for locals
We “ll rack our old heads,

YT is the last time in print we ‘ll see immortalized,
Our products of penius—
So much underprized.

There is rest for the weary in store upon carth 5
There is something to live for,
There's gladness and mirth.

Farewell, ye kind readers, you "ve treated us well,
The ' Varsity doings
Are the last we shall tell.—£x.

ATHLETICS.

BASE BEALL.

Saturday, June 27, M.A. C. played a game of base
ball at Sparta with the club of that place. The game
was called promptly at half past two, and as Weide-
man did not arrive until after the first inning, Ganzell,
a Sparta player, was secured to fill his place during
that time. M.A. C.'s only run was made ona three
base-hit by Ganzell who finally scored. Mr. Gibb’s
brother, of Grand Haven, was in the box for M. A. C.
and considering the little practice he had, pitched a
good game. The hard hitting of Sparta and the clean
fieldings on both sides were the principal features of

the game.
Score :
1 # 38 4 56 6 FT #8 @ FH, BT. E.
Spartan O fF O O O 2 2 O * 9 1
M.A. Cu... 1 8 0 0 80 OO oO OO OO 1 2 8

_. Three base-hit, Ganzell of M.A. C., Stolen bases, Sparta I.

Struck out by Hodgins 16, Gibbs 5. Wild pitches, Gibbs 5.
Double plays, Gibbs to Rittinger—Burnett to Rittinger. Time
of game 1 hr, 30min, Umpire, Clute.

Training for Long Distance Running.

E. H. POLHAMUS.

Until within a few years long distance running was
something utterly scorned by the amateur athletes of
the world. Lately, however, it has been rapidly
rising in the estimation of the sporting fraternity, and
now it holds a place in athletic sports second to but
few ifany. Formerly it was thought to be a natural
gift to be able to run a distance over half a mile, but
but now we know that any and every one can excel

in the sport under proper conditions of health and
training.

When thinking of distance racing, the first and fore-
most thing to be thought of, is health. “Am I physi-
cally able to undergo the training requisite to
long distance running,” is a question which every
amateur aspirant after laurels in that direction
should ask himself.

In general one's own feelings may be safely fol-
lowed, If you are subject to palpitation of the heart
or excessive coughing after violent exercise, you are
not fit fora runner. Your heart and lungs are unable

| vo bear the strain that will be brought upon them.

Hence desist from this form of contest and turn your
attention to some other less severe in its nature.

Provided your heart and Jungs seem strong, the
first thing on going into training, is to thoroughly
purge the system of any impurities which it may have
gathered during a period of inactivity. This will give
the vital organs a new impetus and put them into
goad condition for their subsequent work.

The diet should also be chosen with regard for health.
Grease, spices, pastry and “‘slops,’’ as many of the so
called beverages, may be termed, should most em-
phatically be banished from the fare of the runner.
Plenty of vegetables, a respectable amount of meat
and stale bread together with fruits should be sufh-
cient for one’s diet while in training.

Of course there is no need of going into a discussion

r as to the evil of liquor and tobacco on the system.

You must all be thoroughly acquainted with that.

As soon asthe body recuperates from the effect of
the new diet, the regular training may be systematic-
ally commenced. The candidate cannot do better
than begin by walking regularly every day, three or
four miles at a medium pace, to harden the muscles.
Of this distance a few hundred yards may be covered
at a “dog trot,”’ in order to test the runner's real
powers and increase his wind.

As the training progresses the distance run should
be daily lengthened until one or two miles can be run
quite fast. Now the race for which you are in train-
ing should receive special attention. The runner
ought to ascertain at what points he is strongest and
where if any, he should “spurt,"’ where run for wind
and in fact everything needful in running the race.

When in good condition the athlete should be able
to cover the distance with as little fatigue as he would
walk a quarter of a mile at commencement of train-
ing, If he can do this he is in superb form,

In running the pace should be carefully judged. A
runner's trunk ought to lean slightly forward when he
is in motion, the toes supporting the entire weight of
the body. The head must be erect with chin slightly
drawn in and the chest well expanded. In fact he
should try and cultivate an easy, graceful movement,
the length of the step corresponding to his best ideas,
after patient trial and. practice,

Lastly, in all running keep up your pace until the
tape has been passed. Many races are won in this
way and many lost by inattention to this fact.
THE SPECULUM.

Gents’ Kine Shoes, A

{04 Washington Avenue North. {Q4,

FA SPECIALTY. Extra effort made to please .

» COLLEGE STUDENTS in styles and prices.

© Parmelee 6 Jessop,

EE

For the Finest
Photographic Work !
Go +

CASSEY & RILEY.

. Over Lansing Sational Bank, . . 6

Eo
-

Out-door. Groups
STiade on
Short Dotice.

SPECTAL RATES TO STUDENTS.

ay
e

j. J. Frost, B, F. Daves,

President, Treasurer,

G, W. FReeemMan,
Sec’y and Mer,

Ainderson Froad Cart Co. |

Wesefoecturers of Fine

Read, Track and Speed Carts,

LANSING, MICHIGAN,

IN
OUR Manufacturing

Department

We employ the

Largest force of

Skilled Designers and

Jewelers in the State, and

Have unequaled facilities for
Prodacing Artistic Jewelry and
Society Badges of Every Description.

Wright, Kay & Co,
IMPORTERS & JEWELERS.

104 Woodward Ave, = - DETROIT.

Don't forget that _
WILLEY & BENTLEY
Are doing the Laundry Business at
the College.

FRED W. BERTCH,

Wholesale and retail dealer in Fresh and Salt

MB ATI's

POULTRY, GAME IN SEASON.
No. 333 Washington Ave. South.

Telephonic Communication.

HIOM | PHARMACY

Wh. F. HANSEN,

LARGEST STOCK of | |

. Fine Drugs,

.. Medicines,

‘| Pure Chemicals,
| Fancy and

'| Toilet Articles,

FINE ToBAccos. |-| Perfumes.
Next to Postoffics, LANSING, MICH.

IMPORTED, and
KEY WEST CIGARS,

CIGARETTES and

VOISELLE & LAROSE,

STUDENTS’ HEADQUARTERS FOR

Wall Paper and Decorations.

All styles at Rock Bottom Prices.

R. B. SHANK & CO.,

THE LEADING

GROCERS

OF LANSING,

200 Washington Avenue South.
THE SPECULUM.

ee =

INRY GOODS, - - °
HOUSE FU RNISHINGS, Largest Line in the City. 3K
CARPETS, ETC. -

B. F. SINONS,

STUDENTS are cor-
Se Everything Guaranteed Satisfactory. dially invited to inspect
our Goods : . '

JOHN HERRMANN, |--LOOIS BECK..-
MERCHANT TAILOR,; —_ The Clothier.

Largest selection oe BURNISHING 1) For FINE
of Fine cloths . . A Specialty. . J CLOTHING.
in Central SMNichigan. Students and Others, Give us a Call.

. . STYLE AND WoREMANSHIF THE VERY Best. . . . 112 Washington Avenue North.

We do not beast of a fine brick building and ele-
gant parlors. Our Gallery is neat and commodious, | Leaves College at 5:30 a. M. and 1:30 P, M.

and no better light in Central Michigan. After an
experience of thirty-four years, and always doing

my own operating, I claim the right to say that I . . ;
can, I will, and I do make the FINEST PHOTo- | Leaves Lansing at 10:30 a. M., and 4:30 P. M.

GRAPHS in the City of Lansing. Try me and see. All packages, etc., left at A. M. Emery’s
j i if I fail. S&S ial rates t : -
It will cost you nothing i a) pecial rates 1° | will be promptly attended to,

all connected with M. A. C.
CNENEY. 7 STRATTON.

RETURNING: ;

21 Washington Ave. 5.

(COWLES BROS. 3 > > >

Carry a Fine Line of Cheap, Medium and Fine

FURNITURE

And will positively give you the LOWEST PRICES in the city.

E make especial effort to PLEASE MM. A. C
235 Washington Avenue South, Val all conffected with the .