| — gation iathe ‘Auld Region.
eB, ‘GULLEY, "Bo.

The rapid development of the agriculture
of the West since i845, whale afferding the
greatest opportunity ever known for com-
mercial advancement, hagsin its immediate
results had a depressing effect on the buei-

ness of farming in the Eastern States, 8D far -
as the production of ‘the staple cropé, cor,

wheat, beet and pork, are: ‘eoneerned.: THis:
unogense area of free lind, rich virgin “sell, 7

with cheap transportation to the Hast, Ree)

made its influence felt.
The change from grazing lands to 2 farm-
ing country has been so rapid, and the quan-

tity of crops produced so great that it has.

beta difficult for the eastern farmer ta adapt
himself to the new condition of things,

of the West wold Boan, be: occupieds’a ak
that the increased population’ “Bint ‘terea

exportation would in time bring | about ef
-things, and pricés’ of |:
farm products Cree Teach, them former 3.

former condition a

” level:

Senate. Conimitice, and. the: FEDOrt gga)

the:
Stich Called! Hitention -té: Hie! Spaxabiiey of still,
a further developing € the:  agtionltiseal produc.

acy Phe cheering thought that has helped to
bakty the eastern farmerthrough this time: OF)
depressidivis thebelief that the farming Jandy

| ig Was ‘Believed, in fact known, that nearly +}. Be
all at the country west of the . ZOOtK,~ meri"
diaui and south of the ‘goth degree. of Hititude,:|-
a séction eqtal: in ‘area #0: ‘Gire-fourth' rok the 4 4
centre United States,’ war either Hr oud iaitidus;:}
reaghy: broken, country; “OR Tsay; hatren -
ae ‘hothing eiuld ever be éxpetted | |
Beant 1grazing; ‘ward. cwhere: ‘eve “Stock- |
nie “would Ye: ‘sttbject: to. Serious Tesdes.:
hvestigation ‘afsthe’ Brick belt”. by :

LS

tion of the eoaniry: ty. the: 2398 of: waters) “3
Arrigation, but-to the present: time: cpeaple = cS
“yvho do not live in or have an interest: an: tHe!e
“arid heli” have looked.wr. ‘the: Ravesti gation: .
nnfavorably, and objetted, to. the! ee
ture of the public money Fat: erneys ie Bs

2s

industry in. this p st

=e

‘which ne ‘other tegion St oC ? “

Seat

“pe Pe She qiowts ee one fave ore Hes —
where. there is: Tittle: On Mee: Sabiy: AS ESg phe

Eee and: several othied eadtiiesy "and ot See se

tartal: country Has - “HOt: seve 25
4 werthy: of. seoasiderations<

_ Belete cen ato e

m
are

=a

“those: fitoPiltsats "peak ar Rey Hla to
cure land’ ‘Where ‘heenthe Sue bid. wade:
Spr Ovisicn™ for ‘végerion Sit efter ‘seeing
wheat Bas: Been adore, “zr ‘SRidying the’: “page
sibilities oF Sclenige easel Sand: ‘Hise GEL ’
water, Tam forced te.the conclusion that: ‘ee
‘yeally scientific: method of farming: is . Joly
possible where water.is nde: control, inherit
the fatener can feed‘ and: water :his - grows ee :
piste. “Bs ae may feel and: owt: here

ly Pods floods and dr oughts; he: applies EES
wate? when the. ORS should ‘Base: Sane.

THE

eee

A 5
had

"placing farmin é, aga business, on the basis
of manitacturings Tri 1a ‘ng subjecting | the

work “St the. season to the chance’of having

ans

far aif the particatar time that means a dif-*

| feedes. of. frm 25 percdat to go per cent of.
the yield: for with his hand on the headgate

of his canal, the fatmer may control the
growth af. his crops almost to the extent

that the engineer, with his hand on the

threttle valve of his engine, rerulates the
movement of the machinery in a factory. |

The and belt is subject to changes of
temperatere; crops may be influenced by

frosts, broken down by -winds, but these are -| .
universalidrawhacks and of minor import-
ances!’ Rainfall, too much or too little, or
| not at the tight time, ia the one thing that
| Causes. more anxiety.and greater oases the}.

country. ¢ even than anything else, .
he arid belt extends. from: Mexico to

aa Banta Piet

“te
clit
. vemperte, = Fr. this great ateacHimate may
“be feand adapted: te the growth ¢ of neatly ail

ate eae!

Bite fect, to ars thousasd feet, and a

jagticulieral - producss- knows. Along its |.
. Souther border the orange, lemon,.date and .

sk

‘ other Sétit- -tropical fy ults are: produced in
Lon as to quality and quantity, while

é

oF
ates
i
pe

aE

BRE cae yond

Nottana “atid: ta the (Coast Range .on the
A se Bhe: tillable dand hag - ayy élevation of: |

et cree imat dishes, gaa ire

S ps8. S50. to. bring. ig: uniform Sate cae

dermis SPeRe.

curing water and applying Ht to srowing
crops would prohibit ts general use. That
this id not the case is shown by the following
firures taken from the special report of U.
S Eneinser F.H. Newell for the censua,
Referring to Arizona he gives the average
cost of water right per acre on al! irrigated
, lands in Arizona as $7.07; the cost of clear-
ing and fitting the land for cultivation, $8.60,
which added io the purchase price paid the
government, $1.25, makes the total cost of
one acre of land ready for cultiv pokey ae
water, $id. G2, - .

The aunual rental for water averages
$1.55 per acre. This sum is paid to the
canal companies to keep up the canals, and
ln’private companies it is paid in assessments,

either in labor or in money to keep the canal
im repair, |

‘The above refers to land on which grain
and alfalfa are the principal crops. On fruit
farms the cost of leveling the land so that

| Water may be applied economicaily and
wWaeving.” from semi-tropical to. cool |

with least trouble is greater, varyieg from
$5 on level land, to $0 ber acre when there -
is considerable grading to be done. |
‘The cost of wateting the crop varies with .
the condition of the land; the more nearly
perfect the grade of the land, the less the. ss
_ labor of appl ying the Water. eee e
On fruit farms where. the: Jong, ig.
well graded before. FINDEN BeeE gd. Sou

PEARL ERS. Sy
See pat

—

: Tan
; ghee es

hore z § ae: even 160 antes it

Othe : ‘experimental farm. “pelongin “ zi e

bee

the station, one quite UREV EH. plese. of, :

era Eres

Ete tess than ee ee acre... Le — hag

SSE

oes HO more, aba 1s ee

oe ps ies wer. o

THE SPECULUM.

“ea

ing condition, we have, during the present,
> summer, urigated once a month, and: after
each -irigation the ground. is. cultivated -
‘theroughly, cross-hartewed. and, made ‘fine:
23 OL top. Having no rain -fall,. the soil re-
mains loose on the surface, and where. weeds
deo not Spring up wo. farther cultivation is
vstequiced wan tii the next, irrigation, :

Sine hestnning | ‘wur- work. onthe station
farms last Decerober, our men and teams
have in all lost three days’ time from bad
weather, We have had occasional rains
during. the winter, usually showers that
catsed no delay, only one all-day rai,

“Phis is due to the fact,that the rain-clonds .
nearly all pass over thie valleys and level
mésa lands, aad the ’ precipitation. takes’:

“place as the -clouds rise into ‘the: cooler ate.
“mosphere ¢ over the hills, -

ide. net tare to refer to the: ‘growth of
7 trees" or yield o£ érops in this udesert®
; country ; the actual facts, if stated to me be-"
‘fore I came here, would not have ‘been be.

: Jieved.

as ea es of what 18. done may be
formes. es Supposin g that. Bt tract ot land in.

an below. veithy gn. almost:

. constant. ‘sunnier temper Desay: ine, inom) se seu fo: tnakter what ie: Site
in the year, and @ goad: 8p Ethie tere oS ae tne eve qons 2

| .such.as the best April weather; ihe #6

be provided when needed, If one can Sip
- pose. such ; a case, and the growth under such
‘eOrditions, ‘he may form. seme. idea Ot
growth. in. the - ‘oreat desert”. of Arizona

_., under ” the improvements rapidly taking |

7 ~ Blase

cat

: Buta few. years azo fruits and: ‘yedetables |.
bes. ok any kind. cost.from fen to fifty, cents’ per 1
isund i in Ualifornia; fhey had" ta be: fauled:

aii, n

overland from. ‘the: Baste. oy. oo
x 2 ott of Califia i

Sn a .

ei by Adiigationy an

ee ee pa
aE

-

-
“he S

Ei weyers or ppl ee
Sfead thous deer aH
tae “ = hy
.

poe Ri rapidly axithe kusthiog seaeell tolhi pee:
_ der- of the year, and, that a genite 3 rain ‘could £

a ak : ithe. ‘he: range oF 2 A SCIENCE. underetectl: 8 ee
Sree? a all.

“Southera ‘Pexas are learning that Ahisy. ‘tate
|.grow fruits. and vegetables on the “deser

“Hon. | it is a/ ‘question GE sepph ivipe

| .clties. , 2
The people of Arizona, New ‘Medid. ated

eae

EAS

_ Fhe entire arid region seems to pee
the necessary sail and climate. to “Brodie, e
certain products in certain places j in: ‘Bréater:
perfechon than they can be grown gatside’
of the arid region. . re

The problem is new 3 it is s largely a: ques!
tion of engineering, in the handling. of: great
quantities of water in the most “econoniCal:
Way. ’

oy

preater pait” of all the alleys” ‘aiid: pa

oA Mie

the arid belt may be! ‘brought 1 under: cy steps

”
TA eras Jot!

water
aod -it will : reqiite 4 larse’ en te

a qt

ats ifs > Peseticanle ania its 38; s Loved: pee

-ganals ee couporate orgdabation oe Be
good security and onal seturng: x Sy the

wet

S: sCpldnhed ae references

ple, when its fariiers ‘and: Frat: growbis ii 7 ¥
Sisal *eouitrol: the. Orie ne that’ abere

—w. ater for: “gtowing’ “eropa?

| Mind: Reading: as an “Art

Ly. i STEWARD.

“

Mize. deading i is. popularly. inderstood ia - 7

ee
.-

Ee she’ artet divining: the thoughts of anothers:

‘thadugh § pine unknown BEERCY Phis iden

We: “beliete: te. ‘be. E false « one. “The explana-

, Tee: it. Gs that there, are. ‘those: awh :
THE SPECULUM.

LF

| sere tobe able to foHow us in our thoughts

“tm a certain extent, but a little careful con--

sideration and afew experiments will suffice
to show that this is accomplished by means

gE close abservation ‘of the action and fea-:

' Bares of the subject operated upon. Thus,
the mind-reader really reads expressions,
and interprets thoughts from them,

There are those, also, who, by means of
physical connection, seem to be able to form
mental relationship, and to thereby divine
eactain conceptions held fixedly in the mind

‘af the subject. Tt is of this latter kind of
‘mind-reading that we intend to write.

"da Hus method of mind-reading the oper-
ated fa usually blindfolded, and holds in phy-
“aon cornection with himself s second per-
“Son ithe “subject” as we have called him},
ah goncentrates his mind Bpon some object
Se be tou hy the operator, - This“ method
oe maak: weading. has been prasticed for if-
tee or Hesnty ‘Yeats, with a greater or less
“degre of subcese, "A. number of men have
: stile famous through the suceess of their
es "@sbibitions, and many | ‘ladies have
snedeel: Es ip private entertainments.

“Pha. wiethieds af securidg physical con. [

oestion ate quite numerous
oe, ARE are winst -nged:
Ses i. Fhe back of the meet hand is

, but the fellew-

‘es wa othe site - my

Ohta Set

oe nue. “aaet’ ps ‘the soot rhe ecille of one
a foucliing the papilie ofthe other.

es The band ofthe subject tests lightly
| BPH ehe shoutler of the operator, -

. . By theie various methods some astonish.
ng fenté have ‘beer. performed, such ag the
: ‘Sadie oT arial Eesey ects angen, swhich: the ub:
: ects. mind had: beer concentrated, : Fo Or Bae
| gerpis, | the opetiter-neay' be cshwt & SRP
eat room, “ae at teases while wet

‘celved and go where he is led.

will ‘Power... fe: subject: who Has. &:
ok mind ad: puttilent Sal paeree te 6
; cree

required to take a hat froma stand an
it upon a certain figure in the carpet.

it may be required that he go to a
part of the room and take a hanédlk.

from the hand of a certain lady, retur

it, and place it in the hat. YPerhaps h:
quired to do a dozen other things, an
be blindfolded while he does them
these. afrangements the operator

nothing, but the subject must keep hi
rigidly xed upon the things te be
The operator is now brought back-n
room, and if he be skillful, and the

be a good one, the arrangements mat
be carried out to the very’letter, and v
the slightest hesitation. In the san

many other feats are performed, wh:

the casual observer, seem mary elous,
However, there are certain expet
which may be tried that will make the
thing plain. Let the object to be fo
something upon the person of either £]
ject or the operator himself, aid he -
tnable to fod it. OF, Tet the subject
ne keeps his mind fixed upon the ob
be found, draw the operator slightly
another part of the room.. He will
- Fre
we get the impression that it ig ah

and sot an object, that the operator s

for, This idea is further ee yy
afew other things, ° a
The mind-reader ‘cannot describe’ é
ject which he finds any farther ‘than
enabled to de 86 hy the. devise of toured

‘cannot tell whether the: ‘piece “BE pa
finds is plain or haga picture upon. -it.

only impression he ‘gains from his sa
that of locality. The best results
tained by operating upon those Stibjec
are of a netyous temperament,’ ‘and

THE SPECULUM.

inusculartension and relaxation onthe part of

the subject that the operator is enabled te de- .

termine the locality of the object upon which
the subject concentrates bis mind.

- operator: does not find it,

enlar action that can aid the musctle-reader,
he again ioses his guide, and the search is
unsuccessiul,

itis a well established physiological fact’
bess |
extent, in accordance with tae action of the |
mind, and without, or in direct opposition to, ’
It is. from this fact that

that the muscles do acl, to a greater or

the action of will |
we get, our explanation.

. The mind of the subject, rigidly Fixed
‘upon the. object to be found, produces, .un- -

conscious muscular tension in that direction,

af which the skilled muscle- reader takes ad-—

vantage and follows in ‘the dir ection toward
which it tenda, | When he arrives at the spot
where the object is located the uncenscious
musculare elaxation of-his subject motifics him

D sanve

tee

=
:

eSome of

a number a things! ib Suevewion, until faally:
he gets the right 4 onigs cies 2 BER,
by shouts of applause from the audience; (ai
-his task.1s completed, .

Barer

Se brcome a “mind-reader. Not ali
fam become: experts, of course, for it requires
an. especially. delicate sense of feeling to de-

.iget readily the muscular tension in ordinary

subjects: but any ome-can practice it with,

the assurance of at least a limited amount - of
RAie

oe “Gh the evening af Taly o the Chenifcal and | Phy stea,

ead

ae s T.Gpa iy. add. mach: ofthe appafatag: Bo
3 “#6: cldaity’ understodd'as pissible:

Tf the -
object to be found is upon the person ofthe”
operator or ‘that of the subject himself, he:
eannot, either consciously or unconsciously, °
lead: the! ‘pperator: to it, and consequantly the:
Orit the subject :
has sufficient will power to control all mus: ;

GE dhe. fae: and he begins | to feel around: for .
jet fe a: piok: MPS. Pedvhaps he: picks ap

: 3 os mate at.this season OFS Yen <The vatiation”
alm this way any one maeht, with a litle

bok dacalty and. stud ents... The whole: labors |.

cet Se ‘Seudig gaya ‘the. oe.

_Tuesan.

j. W. eee

Tucson, probably more.’ ‘than finy “other. o
city of equal population 4 An the United Site “ :

Ta one. accustomed to ‘the ways. and’ eaergy : FF

peculiar city. More than one-haif ; Oe fhe
vicinity are the remnants of several. India:
tribes. ‘Passing along the narrow str ects, oie
will hear the Mexican language as eoquentiy a
as the English, — there. are 2 aleree B ‘Bee:

RoE

on i$ 3m ‘reality, an ‘adobe igs fs eee ad)
of the most: extensive: business planés dnclud.
ing banks and Hotels; abe serected: front ‘these
large sun-diled Bricks," Whe Awallg “or the
buildings Are BR! on ‘three: ebb a: thicktess
The rook arecflat and frequently: siadetion:
the same material, The adobe. hrlaks: are Be.
soft that: they. are “wasily..é¢ omibled.: ‘by she ig
hand, but thé raing arg Sointreqaent: abd: the:
walls so thick that: they will stand:for: years;
The adobe houses, of: thes spoorer. ‘class’ “ae:
Mexicans are without ‘Hodis, and, remind: fie.

ach ae hollow, cubes, ote rectangles,

eer car

ease

Whpeete ee Smee,

1 peisos ee - ee Heat « of his ale

Leventy to forty: abgives:!! The, ndobe: ‘hulk:
ing has not.this variation, ‘bat: the’ tempera
ture ig about’ the: sane: “both ‘day mad night... 2
At this season? “OF: ‘the: pear, ‘twa bouts after a’.
heavy shower" ‘one: would, not surm! se that
the broad: midisee - had. felt. the reviving in- :
fluence: ofa “drops oF rain. for Months, ; save:
far the. imprints ‘ete ‘By: the large rops 25

as bey: sink: ite” the. Todse:. eaxthy. . A foot | or-

“twee. froud: the diirigce thé ‘Soil, at- all ances
“pbthetyelrisagdry as powder, and . prob es
AB has ‘beelt'z0' for ages.!, “The dir is sondny
and: ‘the: ‘evaparstion, BO vapid. that “water

of the East and N orth, Tucson is indeed:ia 2

people are Mexicans, while in the. ‘close. :

_ rs . . . . . .
ee ee ="

-_.

THE SPECULUM,

placed aut in the open ait In a porous vessel
tems rapidly, Water direct from the well

- 8 @ Very warm, ana is generally coaled inthis
eee otiee before eine Ak to drink,

:  Biasy af the mere modern buildings are

“ot Sick er-wood, and are built with broad

greniiag, which are a great protection from
the bamine sun.

Adthengh the days are hot; warm will
Gi express it-the nights ere cool, beauti-
$i sed otreshing. The people, as a rule,
Step 08 cobs out in the open alr, where they
are aehtom disturbed by rains or dews, Nat
evER 8 Hissquife, save in the iegpated dis-
Sich, to daslurh one’s repose.

Been, mbedgey with the thermometer from

est ‘norner nd the hie, are not

ie : orig Be swowkd. think, :

Bhove ie | = ay that the perspiration
_£eaperates, with its enading. effect, az rapally
: ae Si. formal. I cbave taken 2 tramp of
Mert or sae miles, with yascelem over m F
‘shesiger during the hottest part of the day,
bl gerne deeling mG lees fatigued than
: Saber ae: ‘tmap of equal length ona hot July
ace ba aiichigan,

“When one fret glances over the broad
sos ond, as der as he Tat ste, nothing meets
Ee enna growth Geshe creascte
ii 7 me ork) Seine and Khere ¥uT-

; gre Pope, tet he wai aurs Bis uiteation te
Sea hand tedlnige: Show oig. under the busbes,

Soe

a a vag Shes he. #0 eoniinally meet with .
Sag iaaigl Be: wi be seenisbed at: the ie
. of TOU ces

S86 ; ere CRE the sharpest ae
ASE op WE ty Bie ‘het bans he |

: G Hater Bas nob “dots: Ber
: ee ‘rebbg f thle fegion: SHEL & wiea- |

Le oes

side. Lt seems that no place can be too d
or hot for thers. The giant cactus, bar
cactus, and varlous arporescent forms are 1
mast conspicuaus of the imeny species,

Phe giant cactus frequently grows to t
height of So geet, and more than two fi
in diameter, In passing over the plain ¢
wili. occasionally see the bleaching ribs
one of these meonstér plants projecti
twenty or thirty feet into the air, the si
part having years before decayed aw:
Phe Indians are very fond of the fruit
this species, which they obtam ‘hy means
along, pointed pole. .

Tt is acommon expression that. everro
goes armed in the West aid South. IT fi
it even st with mearly all forms of vege!
tion. Trees, bushes and cacti’ are arr
with the sharpest: of spines, while if o
stoops to pick an innocent looking ann
the chances are ten to one.that he will ds
the plant to search for the cause of the pp:
in his fingers. Surely many of these pian
which live and thrive under such adver
circumstances represétit the “survival af 1
Httest.” Many ate protected by a den
coat of woot or down, hich adds great
ia ‘preventing the’ ‘esenpe . of - nods ta
Others have mere rudiments” of- Jeaves;- a3
green bark of the stem taking the: plac
leaves in the economy: of: plait growth.

in the vicinity of Pudtea as yet brat; Fatt
land is under cultivation? aly se ‘Snialt’: “—p
Gem of the agvieultural Brodacis comsurn:

idm the city: being ‘esiged -in- the: ‘ine edhia
cneighborhoad, |

Where. iftigation 4 is ‘poastk
the qrops are good and-of q- gyeut: Vatiet
A shett distance back. framrahe: ‘Pive

Ey evi
within the borders of “fhe: elty ‘the. Beciie
patched and dry ad of hat: tdecealut. ‘a

Soe

agricultural Purposes,
There arg sven bares

2 SE

THE SPECULUM,

is
Fee

i we
ats : oo

necessary io. keep them from the. sardens.

Tarantulas, scorpions and centipedes are fre-
quently found about the grounds and bitid-
ings. Nearly every day something new is

brought ie my desir. hy one-or. more: of the

score of Mexicans working -on-. the. “imiver-
_ sity. stounds, ©

=r

soe Map coat CIE NTIPIC.

eee

‘Natural History Society.

At the regular meeting of the Natural
History Society July 10, 1891, Professor
Hillman -gave.a short but interesting tall
on a few like species of butterflies, found in
both Nevada add ‘Michigai. Some of dif-
ferent gefiera were: also described:

ings: Such differences are probably brought
~ about by environment,
lest ait important factor in: this matter, as
-hot climates always claim the most bil.
‘Hant colors. Following this wid a lecture
-on “Fhe Law of Specialization” by Profes-
Ser McFaflatid,of Olivet,
SBE Seu. the main ‘thought. .
So ee is: ‘well resem

Pere ae ea i

litéle better’ that a: doe
-ouring his own food; clothings

- awithowt even a thoug bt. at outside’ ‘aid. - But. i:

perhaps ope of bis children develops: sore:
‘thing ef skill in the maniifacture of some
ekpeciak: article, as that of.atrows. ‘this at
once creates.a demand that can be supplied
wpnly wher others atd in furnishing the ma-
. terial. And cherey:for the first time, we
have a-dixision of labor,‘ which,: alt imabely,

abe tovregultiim a-climay of senae form, oL.civi- |.
he 2teLy eid: throughout the whole: beady. Bhis:
alls hacds in and. ‘Bot the. dae sobs des. [a ie

dizakio iss oe. Specialization ‘and: OEE: anization

soo

another form, Fhis time consisting,” sok: ‘OEE

‘The |
large colored drawings exhibited cave avery |!
: zoodl-idea ‘aft the different, colors and mark- * taches . ip sonre stationary, abject

‘Elevation is dcwbt-,.

Weé-give.a feyr E
: |) pears to be differentiated. for-tiescle. purpose
OF digestion: So. cane for the, A bss Sant} oe

- Reta mney ands 4 Sa eaeS v tes
Eas aap Stas Pate SS as on
wearer ha Gee st
*

— ) Acerics wl, ead be e treading on. her. nee. .

seen would be a particle of jelly- like: ae a

stance moving across the field, It is without
definite form, and yet. will contract: when’

‘jarred, thus indtable, It passes around-a bit

of organic matter and absorbs it as. food, ex-

creting’ the waste, thus meétabelic, - He oe

known to take up oxygen atid give off carbon -
dioxide, thins respitator y-  Andit is “observed .
to divide when grown so large that ithe ‘Sur-

face is unable to absorb food for the whole .
mass, and thus multiplies itskind. Soheré we
have a simple disked cell of protoplasm a
{called an ameba}, performing all ihe: 5.
sential futictions of life. We notice, ie

one cell, bt of a whale coloniy of eel
shape. cee the finger to.a glove. 2 aes 2 hea

x

like coil comes from. the’ ‘elosed: ce aie
| ohhe-dtber
end is fringed 4 with tentacles, probably con
eeThed in secur Ez food and passing: i, ‘into.the
stomach through the open, end... Phis: ‘gale
mal, & hydra, js made up af. two }distingy:
layers of cells, The. outside ‘layer seca tb.
be concermed lar gely in the matter. of repte-
duchon, while the. inner layer. of. cells "ape:

[with the, arbasiool

sent the thought. ae “lhaetrate>: the: ee 7

which, if.it belds.. good, uviakres “even: Rae.

the highest of orgahized! peings; HOME: “othier.=
than a great: colony.) of -amntebaclike | ‘eelles”

(some 4d dférértiated- for brotection, ag: ive. the.

skin,. others: forimotion,, ‘as’ i: the: ‘pousches, .
and still ‘others fa di gestion; asinthe stomach, -

is, is Ohi OT ae 4 FIs: “Broadest: ‘Senge.

“The Srottcer concluded with: the thonight

ses Lae altboiighy Geritany ‘is taking the lead in,

ate

Mie ‘Sciences; ASE: thete } ‘5B good ‘prospects: that ©

nan AREA At fey

THE SPECULOE 4M.

He suggests that we gerd a marine labor. |

atory, together with stations along the coast,
_where the lower forms may be found in
<dbundance, for the purbose of study. “Such
. facilities would aid greatly in advancing the
“vsclence of biology.

Clover and Free Nitrogen.

Ty hs. generally believed that planis do not
take up free nitrogen frora the air as an ele-

mentoffood. But an interesting experiment |
j pests.

“hrowght before the class in ‘agricultural
chemistry does not seem to accord with this
View, at leaet'as far as some of the legu-
“ininous plants ‘like the clover and pea are
‘fonéerned,
| . Biv ‘pots avere carefully filled with clean,
a sand, first subjected to red Heat, to dave
@ffall organic materials, and ‘consequently
alk combined nitrogen. The ash elements
s gseeatial to plant etewth were then added
and the-pots watered with distilled water and
: ‘planted to clover. Both pots thus far-have
.Feéerved precisely the same treatment, and
new. to one-is added a little watery solution
of garden soit containing the microdemes
swihtse work is fo‘be noticed after some three
Bess: five months of growth. After this time
the: ‘twospots are compared. The one re-
_ogelving no microdemes bas grown scarcely
i. two iniches tall; not a particle more than the
eal iiagen in the original seed would allow,
: while. the. other is niany hundred times larger,
ee and heaithy | plant. On ‘examin.
| Mag fie ‘roots‘they: are found to be covered
cath tittle warts or tubercles. The roots
ofthe small plant bave none.
. Dwe qitestions now present themsely es.
First; hat based these tubercles if not the

imlrodemes And. secondly, 3 aS RO combifed -
aitrogen : was ladded:“to’ the. - sand, what Hag.

been. the. oe of ie, oe i, dot, that

i: ARETE oie

ses seat

2 dbs Soule Be = oo

-always withio . reach,

A chee Nek HH Be

fs hoiling, point,

Kerosene Emulsion as an ins@ctici

——————

Economic entomelosy has been pak
rapid progress since the establishmeat
experimen? stationsin so many of our Sta
The leading and most important factor
this work necessarily has been, and will
the discovery and preparation of the s
plest and, at the same time, the most eff
ual insecticides that we can to combat
more successfully with the hosts of in:
Tf any houschoeld commodity can
made a useful and effectnai intecticide,
for the same paurpese, a combination of :
eral accomplish the same resulf with bat
tle trouble, we have a remedy that will
the most likely to be used by those. in n
of such a weapon for warfare, ¥iz.:.
The arsenites
various forms can‘ bd kept m supply,
are easily applied with good effect,
this reason they are the most comme
used of any. Other contestants are antes
the Geld of usefuljess for first place,

one at present seem to stand as goo
“chance as the berogene emulsion- its var.
forms.

it is made from water, seap
kerosene—three of the cheapest and ql
common substances of the honsebold sap
After repeatedly experimenting cami |
ing the various formule gives for prépa
the emulsion, we have.made a deciled p
erence for. the properiens. advocated

used by Prof. Gookfat several yORTS.. |

This was not. hecausé<we were- partial,

‘because a stable emulsion could not be nr

satisfactorily when other PRODOLEHS Vy
used, The following.is. the marine:
which itis made, ‘Pe tavo quarts fw
add ‘one quart af, soft: SOA a. Gpe-Lo:
»pound hard soap, and heat the: whee, to
» When: fhe: Soe: SI Sisco!

Tai

oPECUL U A,

emulsifying at is ready for use as soon as -
diiuted,

Por the dilutien we have always recom-
mended adding enough water te miake. one
part of kerosene in evety fifteen of the
diimte emnuiien. We find, however, from
experiments made on the foliage of various -
calibrated planis, that 2 POGE quality ‘of 3 SO4p -
is much more apt te mjure the foliage than
an ennulnios made from a higher srade of |

S080, SBU consequently a few such planis as |
pea and cucumber vines and rose Duehes are
migured by one iG fifteen. ofthe mixture. On
the same foliace with a geod gradeef soap,
we haye been abie io amply. one to twelve.
without injury, dis far as our experiments
‘heve been carried, preference seema ts be
‘conaiderably. in favor of the ard soap for an 4

emtision, Less than @ year aro a new ”
farm of this emulsion was frst madeknown |
to the public a3 gientioned in the previous’
‘gurdbers of this issue. Jt has been experi-
mented with by us quite extensively this
season, end in comparison with the original.
‘emivision, proves itself far superior in every
_ deastadice. Wei may term it pyrethro-kero-
Bene. amulgion, ae it only differs in makiag an:
ERE oat L af pyrethosi by: Altering the-kero. |.
- the extract instead ae te tae ;
the other emulsions: Be is. aes wwe
other excellent insecticide Wiailisted) aa Dy”
the bo acting in unison the affect ds the.
qaote certain and the more evident from the
first. Another very interesting and practi-
eal point fegardiag this was develaped by us
ig our work with it this season, While the
-elfect upon the insects is greatly increased,
the liability to foliage injury is prepertien-
@ily lessened. By this twe-fold result ker:
“egene alates ‘CER Be jaade to jell. aimost

SB

gi the: powder: nal aie Dene cs

accomplished by the other, - The dapreda- _
tions. of the cedling math -cevld never -be

prevented by Kerosene emulsion, as jit kills

only by actual contact, On the other hand
the poisons maye no effect upon the true
bugs, as they feed only. by sucking. the sap
from within. Reverse the two remedics,
‘and we fird both effectual, All soit bodied
insects are very silscephble to a spray of the
emulsion, and even those with hard: sheils
have to succumo. It seeras quite evident
from the trials at this station and others, .
that nothug has yet been found equal: -
taine emulsion for the tose chafer which |
has 0 long beffled the afforts ma oe
molagists. and horticulturists, ena:
S20 95 shout the orily remed fs ee: el eS
Gestray plant Hee, and ¥s also found ss superar:
io ail other remedies in treating. Nee, ticks," "
efc., on put domestic animals, Thus we sed. ©
that the emulsion must be a favorste remedy,
because it is useful for se many pests, easily
made, cheap, and eifectual in its woik. .
G. &.. Davis, a

dive! ;

Profesanrs Bailey, Wheeler and Hicks botanist
Five Lake recently. Among other plants, a. speride ag
Segre = NBS found - that. WAS, snkcnown: oS white

Breer

vines Boop

“peur: Hone ther “are: Stave. epeciat: Sebenis- a
“aor. Several are Going ‘special : ORE HE. isckaiey vik
enlomolocy and ‘physics, Thet the. Rdyaniages of |
this college for such study are appreciated is” eho
Dy the namber of teachers mow in attendptites “ae
ware also here last suriner, rE

Noone visiting the colleze sheuld ‘Baile sae 7
experimental Reld ob the farm... Eaperidienis-aie., AO
progress te delermine:-the -comparadivk walvel “of ~
diferent varieties af plabte. “The efett. of. ‘eresbisig .

‘ig being elasety ‘bbaeryed. ” Oynis . are -Seing grown

with deepens. shallow. catvation Gn! Soi ranging in’
fextate from, sights. Sanit: ig heady: Gah Pary: eight

. ne! crarjetios of pptabo ts mebbing tested.. Different, Dipts -

“aye planted: “AREA bins See BE. renee, 755 H0 a “asd,

7 f lebhge der ieckionna fa Bills ant Gthers indritis,

a eR Babe Site (Sheath cittiraiion,
PROSE OG TT, wenh: ‘petatoes | 4844 eharee of F,- Bo

weenie

Sravesta: PES inst pesapllews ¢ of jeny ever tried bere. - .

te 1 et ote secs ae shes soaie af he resale at a

ee ee
a RAT 1
THE S&PE@G VLUM.

——"

THE SPECGLUM.

eS. Honey PESING THE COLLEGE FEAR,
"BY ‘THE STUDEN TS

aera ‘Shiga Stare ASBICULTURAL COLLEGE,
Bens, 5 GEE a Wan) iss.e BM usteers, 1g Cars,
‘APSR TTING BASES abe RAOWS OM afPLicarion.

| SBPAE setordplions wif be sezarded as contleved, unless
WEE HEE BGEHEEG 2a tee tonirary.

2 this Pein ds somrked, Fonr sebecplion isin arrears,
deug#heal>e OE ROLTORS.

ECLECTIC BOTLEY,

ee

wT

i

‘E@tor-in- Chiet.
LSterary Ayticias and Fediboriads.

HESPERLAN SICIETY.

BW, Pees,

av. avis, Colluse Pel bars,
‘RELA Tau DELEA FRATERNITY,

H. oot Trane,

; ENIGN LIFERARY SOCIETY,

steer BaeLas,” .

gon. JEHI PELE S THwtA VRAPERNITY.
sc ceud Relieges and Ecsite,

ScLente,
GEPSEIC eRe I . .

= 7

Peronals.
Athistics

+

oy

[oe

Themeax, - r Boshugis Manas ET,
; Hass > - Asst, Business Majasey.

Repent ORAL Cotumex, Ave. 10, 1801,

aL.

| Ww iTH this number the SPECULUM begins
7 the slevenih year of itsexistence. Its finan.

7 al prospects are in a fair condition, ita sub.
scription list amy numbering over 600. °
a Sine years ago the Spacuum was a four-
tes. page es ea r struggling for

SEER egies

it Lie

— oe plovicualy, Bpdect by the
ae ae srigit endeavor i “Beep. ep ab
SRE S SibL tb Such Jan, extent. as bp: exclade:

a
o
oe
*

[Sag ectroh ke chan i
‘thee Satedatie call Shean ove: ebeails DT

Las

ses Hi
"ahs = 7
rie .

Z

We were somewhat disappointed to h
chat the new catalogue will not be oat a:
shout commencement. We understand i
to be an improvement on the old catalag
it is to be a little largerin size, a finer quai
of paper, and several views of scenes on
college grounds, There are some char:
in the program, though fust what, we
unable to tell, with. the exception of
change in the setlior fallterm studies, T
part of the program is very unsatisfactory
say the least. Aodlogy and botany 0
the same hour, so these who wish take bi
are unable todoso, Agricultural engine
ing is dropped from the course, and noihi
put in its place.. Those who do.4
Geet drill are obliged -to take chemi
physies, Yet senior studies are said to:
elective. To be sure the new rule passed
the State Board, that manual. labor for ¢
senlors is hereafter compulsory, will accer
partly for the inconvenience of arranger
of studies, but it does not excuse the facu
from giving ws more elective studies. Wh
we see the whole-ptogram we hope it
not be as enticizable as the part mention
The old catalogue was. surely a poor adv.
tisement of the excellent teaming, the: #
lege furnishes, and new that we-are-te. ha
a good advertisement of the. collzge. lat eve
student see that his friends: ate. Supplied . AY
A catalogue, aril hes shes é £48:
| Represented. : xe

“pnt-abont . commencement: tinke, soak to Ee
‘tain portraits and: shetelies.< of: eek fa

a. . “
ae
zp : .
~

SS Ree te: eas Hues His ie “ : —

: age than Duck ‘et: ethe past

. . oat

o oe
7 affeer..

‘THE SPECULUM.
ever, fo write their superior qnalities, and T he. literary exercises will take Pee
we conoid not suggest any sowvetdr a student | Thursday morning at ten o'clock. Phe.

or an alumnus would. prize more. than ashort
sketch of his itstractars at- college, along

with the history of Be © growth af bas Alma

Mater:

i

ALL those wha. have: been-or are ‘connected
ane the! ‘colkage ate aware that there bas al-

ways ‘heer a ‘deficiency 1 in our work system.

“There has never been the interest taken by
the students that there should be,
erally known that one of the objects of an

agricultural college is to perform experi- -
ments and report tothe State the results of -
But is jt a gaod idea -
to have the professors do al! the experiment-
| sak: areal, ‘abd. report to the students in form -
Je Tectures, or refer them to the bulletins they
it seems to us the ideal work af :
AB agricultural . college should be experi.
The student -

the m7 estigations, -

send ont?

__qaental Work gor. each student.
will: not only take more interestin his work,

‘but he wlEE get" more benefit from his labor,

‘Cur | .present Professor of Agriculture 19
| - trying this scheme, and from all appearances
7 math: Segeient PURCESS, students ghus em-
a = apLeculay about working

Phe “sophomores:
“dar crop ‘te grows:

| “experimenting on the feeding of animals.
“Phis ig a2 new experiment in the work sys-
fem, and time enly remains to tell its results,

ALL the students. as well aS the alumni

shontd attend ‘the alent reunion on “Thurs. ‘)-
It.

eB © ‘and | PiRlay,! August 13. and 1d.
ss ey g BORE ghee. aa _ three years, and: “the

acted

:
Bee TTS
a nae a

it-is gen- -

es ie a: 4 sis. hose that bave gone

_ program is as follows: gration by Hoa. nee

ng: hefore the bell tings, 41
ave Seach given a pariicu.. 2 % es
‘ang Yeferied® te veadigg: ae,
matte: that they may gain full, haowlelge |< ‘an
of its history aud best metheds of grea th, :
-“The-seniors-that eleet work an the farm are °

Rane Fane.
One: Bitte. deserted ‘special. Stisen ior, tbat ata ninehaad
-bamely, botind:votiuies Of: ‘RutHamsiend. Blemgirs oe
2 “AgeidaltiPats: Chemistry and: ‘Physiglogy., ‘from BE
mj “Eaweek: = ec AdT the ‘hooks purchased’ ‘have beeti Haced |
| Abe!
ee ae JP eauations Tiave bea ree

A. Farr, "70; poem by “Frank Hodgemeny.
625 history by Prod. ©..2,.Gillette, “sg. .
Thursday afternoon will be- given ap: tees .
business and class meetings, to he followed”.
by 3 aa in the evening. Priday miorne «-°

Bo core

of President Williams, ‘rst pe exident ‘of the _
colleze, and Prof. A. J. Cook, a similar
review of the werk of Prot 7. © o. Holmes poe
the first Professor of Horticulture, AEE the :

weather permits, these papers will probably.

ater

be followed by a picnic Inach on the colleges:
lawn. | | So

ee 2
AT a oe of : the Students" Orekies
tion held July atst, the following #eEaloo

wo Ft zur:

were adopted: 2

WHEREAS, Our Heavenly Father, | in the ‘aispensa-
tion of his Providence, has permitted death fo rexipve
from us cur beloved friend, Mrs. Friedericke ‘Reape
per; therefore be it nee

Rested, That, as students of itie Nichigate Ags:
euttural Callege, we do jotn in aympathy witghe eee
reaved busband, who has been Jeft to -nndiin she:
untiniely death of a kind and dosing . wife,.and oes
ep cea de ee th ste 2 He: ee ee ee

eee

ne fy

“fa?

Ninety-seven: wolntes Hace been tia tindiedibnaty

: thine sesen : Lat thease Lert donated. ©

Seppetiment stale “library, Valuable: inihoine
eived, Among then are: eS
ene Sniithsoninis ‘Tnstinnte,; sed sey

oe tty

= ffent Been

Sits Fieri Bi Braids
igh THE

gPRCUL UM.

—_—_—_—oee

COLLEGE NAH S.

rae

- Commencement will be que eek caries then asaal.
Becrstary Reyaokda has reiurned from his easiert
“ip. :
| =#L A. Burnett ie taking a yatetion in the Eaatern
Biates.
Several hew rustic enaie have bees ordered for the
ESRIPHS.
‘Te Sisseg Ferry, af Lowell, are the ouests of Miss
Sinclair.
Hany visitors are seen upon the grounds neatly
eeery tay.
A hard weed Goer gilli be put in the armory before
CORIBLERT EGER,
itive, F, 3. Horse rey in Lausing, fron) Srer-
Sy, isis aT.
Feat. Blonigomery, of Olivet College, spent a day
hare rerentiy.
President Lite apeat & week at the Alma Sanita-
», SBR reegndly.
) be cd gatalozue wil probably be out before
“boinennement,
. a-Presigent Fairchild, of Oberlin Collere, is the
gaes af Br. Kedsizn —
"Phe building of a new gtesebeuse was authorized
iy the State Board, July ia,
The Pai Delta Theins entertained their lady friends
on Uae eagbing of Taly 7.

' Sreleseor Grawn and famfhy hove returned to their
‘serge tn Traverse City,

FES. Fioliswarth and Mrs, Revachis are visiting in
ihenertbern part of the State.
_ Tas dormitories have been thoreughiy cleaged and
‘Sire haw in goo condition.
ee Ane Watking and Mins Fredria Baldwin
meen visitiog their brothers here,

olapent wl baee phetographs of all the old

oo sia tebaesn, gaindent ak Ohertin, visited
: — atures. te fem park nit he month,

“3, EE Sener, S28, Hey ef the Jaa dzpariment of
Be G. gf... as: ‘been vishine ol frignds here.

| pee ied er ke Expevisient Baile af HHarrinon
7 “srwhboned 42 Being in foe growing condition.

nae Pee andiabtly place in frent af the forcing house has
Sittes traisior med i inte 8 wail acrauged parlerre.

‘ The Tale ther asf tite. Graage Fister eaatains an
pettigle: soe? Bdereriny which | anerrene shagid read.

wee

ve ae ans 2. TRE eens a: ‘Wiliams, Stall.

Sag iyinbig SAS bape Havelosde. quite aiten- z

co ee

1 ete ee te

per |

Det a gg ge ee al Dy

tate Board of c Agriculture, attended chape
July 0,

GT Jenks, 759, bas beet here for a short
ying brine from Sand Beach to deterrtune

for farm use-
The indications are that the nezt fresh

willbe very jarge. several applications ha
been received,

Onialy 24 the Junlors neld class- day #3
Grand Ledge. In the evening a farewell ba
givento the Seiers.

L. EB, Vite, ‘98, Has left college, "He:
quite extensively through fhe Eastert State
ture to Cornell in the fall-

Plagls far bot-water heating will soon bes
President’?s House, the Horticultural Labor
the south end of College Hall. ~

ftis oroiabte that the foundation of the tik
cai Laboratoty will be begun soot, “The t
work will ao¢ be commenced unill spring. |

The Hesperian Society will hald its.comn
Gaiquel om Eridsy evening, AUEUSE. an
sacieties ali baziquet on the Following Tuest

The question of 4 street rail way from L
the college is being freshly agitated. “It no+
theuzh there was some chatce of calr having
desired tamcd.

Prot, McParland's lecture ip the chapel,
wae weil attended, The lecture was of a
mature ancl ayas secured by the Natura
Society. ;

A project is under way th" Construct a a
TwHNE track near the patade ground, :
had beet obtained From the faculty, and Wor
begun neack term, :

- In
Br ered

Waile in <Germany last winter, ‘Biok “Frait
parchased, for vse in the laboratary: hete;' ‘Baye
at apparatus of a-much-Aner: ‘Aaality fan: dn
he preeuted dn ghis COURITYS:° fag “nee

. Tuberculosis .. -haé:. appeared anone: th
apine, The, ‘Vupgs. of the dispasca: eS
hardenad, preséaling. ‘aS differents Sppears
thas of cate similarly ‘affected, | eee

The stewards of clubs for next ‘teria Be as
fib 4. WL Paddock; Clah B; AL e. Steven
E.H. Pethami gs; Einb D, Gas Heke £
AL Hathaway ; Chib ¥, 0. Be Winesary

:
The Tunbors Werg entertained | Aba

en

Cook on the avening’ tt Jaly. a “ERE

‘ius

dram totps (2): was dof tilly appeetis ed 3s
tertainments. mere. ve io : eee en
THE SPE

CULUM. | 7 say

I

The Farm Department ismeking a usigue collection,
Whea cangleted itagil consist of the piiman bars of
every SnGews kind of moning machine. The gearkag
of guy one can thea be easily compared mete es oi
Tho Bolasical Departinent with soon “tiride Ree
isbets for the pleats inthe will garden wid the “ de!-
ta,” and the trees and shihs growing on the campus,

Tats will be of greai: advautage to these: ‘wishing. ter

-raske 2 apecial'stndy inthis divection.

Pe, Michigan Farticr of | Taly 280 contains aii mt
‘yorlal which every person whe bas any interest in the
Agricniturea! College should read, Wede not intenal
te criticise the article, but will simply say that Ht is
mich the same as. several others thet heave appeared
in the same sheet.

Ata recent mecting of Mie Slate Board of Agricssi-
ture Prof. Wig, whe is at presen? Assistant Professer
of Mathematics at Cornel Unlsersity, was elected te
the chair of Mathematios, and (iv Engiseening #¢ |
thix eolieee. Hi A, Benpeitwas meade Asstitant Pro-
feaeor-al Auvienttare with 2 aslary of $:0n0 & Fear.
Mire, Lanton, of NHSs) Was Slected ta take Miss Sin-
dieir's place as Hbrarian. G. H. Hicks wasappointed

inghuctor in bolauy, W..Babcock imstrgetor in math-
amatics, ad 0. FL Baker iustrector in Eodingy.
BUTERE OCOUPATIONS OF “gr.
€: PB. Locke will study law. |
. & FB, Raeen ts undecided.
FW, Asbion will study lew.
‘92 Siteke Pater with inke.e vaqation.. ao

H. B. Wisegar silt oe a adie bad rs Ds
#4, WV. Runioed will follarw. farming ob: ahgscow,
Bich.
. 2. EL Greeson ill Ea the Philadelphia Vetere
ALY: Eeitege,
‘Ey Ad: det rH dadoe a Gaeiree as tthe Chicaze Yeter-
sadty Sd iecs,
oe be ‘Waterniab wall accept he first — fob
. “Re Bekon ‘ar tyke a  podegtndate course BR
gig ender me. Beal |

drawing ina draughting office.

. tinge in his present line of work, botany.

“ 5 se ” A
. oe tte we . fon
nmin
: et
"y

Oe eae sil el Et i Plot ad Hates $

iG, A, Goodenough will follow some line at mechan-
ical Wath, probably ag a teacher.

W. Enders will aooly the principies of mechanical

C.F, Wheeler will receive nis degree and then com-

A. T. Sweeney has beer offered & good position is
Chicago, which he will probably accept. .

%. iL. Butterfield will remain flere 25 Assistant Sec’
rebary of the State Boacd of Agricyiture.

¥.5. Hillyer says: ‘fam not quite certain what i
will do, but I shell probably workin a machine sLop??

BR. 1. Crawford will continue bis work as “teacher a.
Richmond, Mich. Some Hme in the future be wit be
= farmer. _

A, BR. Locke will be in teresied in. fattapnd ee ae
time, and ailleo into § S0R18 permanent boisthess: teat
yearariwe, — Te EES

Hirs. 3. Ef, Hilinan writ return to Reno, New
mediately after, commencement. The , prolesapt, ae
gins his fall term, esely in September. na rg

S, 0. Dun@ore hasa fruit farm of Sve hondred sete:
at Lake Side, California. He will be engaged: in. thie: :

cultivation of arsages, grapes and fags, ae ABE, a
“PRERSONAL Ss: eee

We desire the earnest Mt-operation of query: pits Po
who has ewer been coanected with the solteze fatra cae
ing t@ make this department an interesting de: eh 2
every alumiwis and every persia whe has-been: seth es
classes here send in news io ihe editor of jai d eae 4

ae 5 sedition sh cinity “aching ce

pear FE — issue.
The following giamni have expressed the: intent

ox possibility af being present at the EEUTLEOT |,

Adanis Bagley, . Fas. Satterlee.” eee TE
"Oz. Fam, 3. Strange pS NMED ne

R.. Haigh, Pe

Pres. CO. Crate, ;
Peat. wilkins.

Frank Hodgman. - Loe 7 ao rat FD ag
i <: Sece ee “Hon. Cede. a Gasield..
Sen. W. Bart dees Geo. A. Fare. 2 ~ Pe.
: : A, BO Pinmeyy oo e092
a ‘Ss. ae Oy

“peok Been, D. Hie: ‘
iGeq. D, Morey‘. .
om. a Sea leL ae =

ae .

oa
Lad
a
448.

ee ee ll TY

THE SPECULUM.

“RL L. _ Carpenter,

7 e “PE Halstead.

_ F4.
roe ‘Berns;

Dr. F. }. Grosier, -

Henry ‘A. Haizh,

Prot. C. L. Ingersoil, -

Hetiry: P. Jerney,
Arthur Lowell;
Donald MacPherson,
D, &, Oakes, —
Rev. ML. T. Ranier,
Jay. Sessions.
ig
. . BA. Neving, .
2 OEE, Gatbenier
“as? Goodwin,”
23 pale eee
hog sae ave
: Frank I. Anois.“
eee a
Gates Le, Staniaed,:

Ww. Be -Jakways.:. :

Fier Siaecingin,..
ESE reo, ©
ee
oa

wes 2 a gees

= es iad od

foo op

Paes aarti at

2 bor ingetie Deveapeei ‘Mise Alice A. Jotenson,.

: S HSB, Eiaminis,
a Chas. C. rats a
ORE ML Gulley, = Sioa

ae Brak E. Feasts.

a “A. ‘e Bird,

i Hilson Detana,-
oe Chas. Baker,
Bs “Bnet. Breeky: : 7
us os = Liseliyin Botany De

, Ba,
“Cyrus F. Crandail.
"Oz.
Catrolt W. Clark,
A. E, Smith, |

WS. Delano,

C. AY Bockstader, -

- Arthur Jonés,
' (has, MM. Kenney,

Waleer I. Lithie,
Lk 4S. Lincatn,

Chas. W. Weird,

Aiwa Sherw aod,

_W. G, Simonson.

=" . 7 "84,
‘Lificola Avery,

EN. Ball,
_ Jue. ae eee
75> Mes: Atice Weed Coulter, .
./ a B..Halt, *
op BL irish,
. EB, Eis,
wens Thee, FL -Alepaiick,

"85.

‘L A. Buell,
A M. Emery,

OE. Hows,

Tao. S. Matthews,

a et FE, Rogers,
a E; Stith,
an ‘Strah EE, Woed,

. BE.

Tro. J, Bush,
Bsr EK. HH}, -

. Calvin €. Lite,

: KD Lace,
os Bet. i. Porter, -
ft E.,-Sinith,

Ses Birvker,

Geo, 5. French,
j. E. Hanimond,
nc. Heuker,
Henry N. Jenner,

‘Vira. BR. Rumler,

Geo, I. Spangier,
27
7B, Bates,
Frank BR. Smith,
E. A. Burett,
Geo, C. Crandall,
®, C. Wheeler, .
Chas. 5. Whitmore,
H, H. Wiade.
25
Louis A. Bregger, |
A. E, Euison,
H. B. Canpen,
Prof. Nelson 3. Mara,
Birs. MC, Maga,
R. H. Cary,
Chas. B, Cook.
Arthur B, Condiey,
Frank 3. Free,

F. H. Hali,

Fiot. F. H. Hitlmar,
Glen TD. Perrigo,
D. A. Sot,

r Win. F. Staiev. -

Bo. .
F. M, Glark,

A. F: Allen,

BK. A. Holder,

A. G. Wilson,
ALD. Baker,
‘Lemuel Churchili,
Lovie A, Clinton,
Wil Curtis, .
Gager C. Davis,
WW. &. Davis,
Perry G, Holden,
O.C. Hollister,

A, L., Harhod,
Harry A. Biartin,
FAG. W. GO’ Banner,
‘Eder. By. Pagetson,
Frank BM. Payne,
WS. Palmer, -
E, UW. Rice;

Hobart A. Shewart,

R. B.. Wilson.

jay BR. MeSaoill,
. Chas, Ferris,
ics, Poster, .
Harris F. Hall,
Howard J. rind,

BR, B. MeFrberson,

W. W. Morrisea,
j. WH. P. Malest,
EB. BF, Sitiogs,
ma, A. Siritker,
@ AS Turner

land, Kan, makes no bausts of
‘| phenomenal success, but shows-a Bienes fall-of werk
‘| for himself and his brother farmers that omy 2 shad
: of large capabilities contd keep it from fat failure. ots

‘Gd.

a

Lewis Vanderbilt, Pheville, Cab’ - *pagiees shat! ihe,

"| digtaneé prevents his attending # dl = ienatal +

ee

“eh

oh. A. Harlhurt wil ated = zaiscinn 2 shih aod
| his orange grove near Grescent CHy, Fia., in, 2. BRESCH,.
+ éharine ‘conimenceprent, week...

Roswell, Liftis vende. ia double- a His Sein
Mers are passed af Doopersy Hle,. Mick., and. ae wane

“Tin. Wesson, Mise,
WoW. Reynolds resets that ‘iis.

foes. Beat Cast

SBR ke apolis will demand his Pig het eee ae

Seng das: 4A. Dace. oo ee BE. Sgn Se Z

“Geo, Monies 8077S |. BAH. Felker and, Richard My. Slocuan Saceaead
Hy E. Thoma ld Sympathy tothe novitistes on ‘the Sercgneay pegs

peers ar

fo Both’ guide the editétial pen; the ieaer me Se re

Moe iatter “is. Mound eRe, Sr “Dake hE ERE
AS iret Sieh eaeainad e Frazels wide re das
dhe Solowing weitien, ‘by BL J.-G4ician af ‘Sak diet;
oh ee Tat ay taba yon. dant: Ing. B, Prdvete
an aia ee ager sty epee) 1: Buried. ‘sien rane

a

He
FRE

SPECULUM.

149

ey

53,
Prot, cn. i. Carpenser, of Carnell, found a ball saene
im DIGETeaS io welrase pis return, Fuly 22. a
jas. L. Bogricg iz Hiepety esurty freasnrer of Esn-
met TennaiFs.
be Hat mf specie ions

“>

Wiltien iene SEE gives és best efforts te dis farm
fe BetetantsS. Deda:

Po eae RS aiiienall ‘Hixtdes ds time between his trait
eee aed ‘stay-mil at Newberg; Gre, He writes, “We
Saw Some big lows, as yauch as sixty-four jashes dism-
gier, Cut ons tree thetwas seventyone inches across
the stump inside the hark, which was len inches
thivk = ft emt twa hamdred in Jencth aw bees, which
ernie oper azeno feet Seventy-cHret feet af hep
defi 7T .

oF
at qommenting ep ils satesss, posimasier #, A.

Hevies, of Geseso, Mich. admis that be dtews fis

Badery a Brome ang - 3 regularly 32 any inmumbent
opght a.

Yiean F, Griswold, Northville, is one of the farming -

‘minority whe 2an yeoert, “ut of debt a8 money ia
Soa ad
ooo.

B, , Haspaen and Dongid H. Kedzie send tie as |

gudlesion secretary ibeir regmete, the former Fresca
: Befieeue, dake, the better from Lordsburg, N. 2.

god. BP. emop, Set te, Mlavie, writes Cast F, of.
[temas ae spin sia, Baty SmrvesOr ae Sy

Bot. FT. Bic Nauehton § is 2 a landecape gapieser i in

Tacoma, Wash., re Uhicage ofthe Paciic canst.
"7th
BL. Mewvion isin dhe insuraace business at Guthrie,
Giishoma Ter,
_ B4.
_Sea. WF, Grever seeds Hemeand regrets from Hart

Seed, &. Debote, whare-be is eget and operator for
BEL SLE BR |

5 Bee, BE 7. fo eepenter shybts the degree conferred ,
oy. Alea Sate ereletieg Ag substitute thot of Had A ap

TR.

oo —— sears, made M4. Ga shot? an

ween a oe .
by peer,
ree 4 - ae "

: TA
pide te

son pte

However, he outs “farmer” befoee it in -

i
7:

:
rt I
Be Sree ee Paes . .
saci rian 4
moa .

ef Fane Be OER SS aclip: af

andant doubler.

‘<TaeT

H.-T, Lapeies is Superintendent of Sehouis at West
eed Bei. -

Rire. Alice Weed Coulter constitutes an entire, self
appointed beard of “more missions’ at her Grand
Rapisis ofaee.

‘OE

dmund Schoetzow gives netice of removal frat
Volinia te Marcellas, Mick., where be ia principal of
schools and # member ifthe county beard of SRR
ars

H, W. Baird will *oume? with ether mersbertl he
fraternity at Charlevoiz, airing August. ae

.
D =
D wt te
.

dicing Physician, Mrs. Antisdale, 2 sister efahe T.
opdece, of (5; died @ fom aegis: Be, eae

“Tick” Edling will ieave ti presenpaon tetiter
Fen acquaintances at the triensial.’ - oe :

3. H. Dewey writes, ‘2 wisited the. ouriculistal, wah -
jeves of Texas, New Mexice and Arizona on bay Webt
ern tip, bet found nething equaite M.A. 0" He,
promises 2 description of them for 2 future’ Seecunam,. wet

‘Prof. LC. Colbere, of the Lndvernity, pf Wyoming:
varites: “I am very Susy Gein up Ey Gepartment.
Miswauder is here hard at pagh, piaking. wet enti
ingects of tke State. ‘Be fare a) send. ve 4 gee

W. E. Rhoasrt weit is 5 Gab jad cial epie om
2 ea 8 the! oul

“e Wy. “Spaulding: eee FEE. "Seueulem: ieee. bors ':
Catumer, where he is employed” iy Abe: oho. of: us

i Centennial Capper Hine, 2

Carda are received anpoanting for Angst qin: sae .
wedding of Miss Bianche 028 ant Wi, Ws SESE oS
at Bryan, (thie. a

Were a

Barry H. Hunter sen@oresaids tania: cote reed
enclosed with, Bis renewal § dot atthe SPEDE EEE

Rennis aiitiee ideae® the” spi sess goes
lately by Reelessoy Chom eo aieraace 7 ee,

Sega bs egasaimations as. arey. ere “conduct

; “so ee ESTEE es, igdnaaped tn the dant Jskues sf. ate

2
ae ae

Er] &. Aniisdais is gow at Berrien ‘Center, & peed

Sle Be
ea AB
THE SPEC

>ULUM.

“That what.astudent can write on a subject in an bout
: “or tre wher his mind is in agtate ofexcitemiest is ony
8 fair test of his knowledge. The following is from
. the Anchor: |

“ehMest students enter the examination room with

the feeling of one with a patehed broadcloth coat whe
. Shters-the society of his friends, He is iliatease. He

‘clasps his knees and. orays within himself, * His goog | °

will have mercy Upow me, and sive me ah easy ques-
“tion F. Mow: we know that some students have
studied faithfully and can enter. with a great Geal of
seli-conhdenece, Butte most itis a period of anxtous

 spspense, It consists of lingering about the campus
for ‘three days, agreeable cimpany to nebedy and a
burden to averpbody. For you cautiet be social and
Fou involuntarily speak af what will be asked upon

examination. No one wil come ta speak te you for
you have ET book under your arm, 7

, . The address delivered to the graduating class of
“Rigedelage Polytechnic institute. by Charles Mae Don-
ald ‘appears in-the last issue of the Polyéechmic. it fs

: fuit of very practical adyice to engineers and a large
Bart af Ht aight | be taken as.such by others. The

, Shem 6 of his disedurse is ‘stated § inthe following brief’

“axtiact : . ‘The accurate kee of knowledge i is the true
. measure of ite vale. It matters not bow mitch infor-
© ation. the-stident may carry anay with him from
‘enllege ; if he -has-not acquired accurate methods he is

sint

a NOTRE: thats teetess 16 his employer.”

Ge anid that no graduate of Vassar haa ever heen
-Aivoréed, from her busband, itis quite evident that
Sehecntthor of the following little yerse did not have
-thisia rind, aod did mot appreciate the true worth of
Ro college coteds :

SA Da ube. “OW college maid,
Uberetcae’s 0) er Bald in bogkery,
' Why tins afraid «+
GF Sa er a

wae

“,
eal
-

terns tay comein. the-way famake them
“not beta aise at weinhtended., to proniote gol feeling,
. Bot bec ewe: wish: ‘te afte. or disagree. with it, but
sak ave Serpriséd at its: appéearatice, *in spite of the
ehlidish éfinteisny: itrade by the defeated and dejected
i NSIS. freta “another eoliegs, on the entertainment

eee ‘Boa 9 ANE wmciye axe
ae oe ae Shite, iter? 7 ae

roost pleasant events, and
EASA ‘thie mest friendly nature. We sincerely .

nothenwine:.Mecopy an exiractfront the Olivet Ache,

1

apring- -boards, etc.

AFTAL EPICS.

Athletics at the U. 5. Navai Acades

—

Having beea requested to give a sksich mf athietix
at ibe TU, S. Naval Acades=y as it was from 1876 "A
Ihave complied in so far as the ipllowing Rasiy an
imperfect sketch tay anseer te porpdss it rice.

First 25 regards plant, 12, bufidings and eged
ment. The gyinnasiem was a buliding erected? on
small ontagoual fart as foundatives, and -it thenefo
partook ofthe same generalshape. Ti was tere starts
in height, the roof rising from allsiges as en oclagon
pyramid, giving in the center of the second aor
fofty clear space for arleging trapeze, rope facger
etc. Only a porilon ofthe fist Becr was wiflived E
gymnasium purposes, Here were fecated the beg
ing alleys, two in number, aek aan weeED aeaaaae
ten-pins, *

(in the second Aeor was the gypenesten:. prape
This Hoor consisted af the main ceserel zoe, act:
gonai in shépe, aboul sevedir-tve feel in. diame
with a clased-in promenade ar eatery aba eg’
feet witle extending neariy around the outside. |
this Guier galery were loceiek variens puller an
rowing weights. The main Soar wee fRirie well sx:
plied with the apoarains in she ai that Gime, consh

dng of Jumb-hells and Tndian cise, horieottel thar

Parallel bars, dowble swinging trapege. fome et
wooden ladders, hareczs me Fumping and wantin
PR FMRI Sas alway scge
during recreation hours me voluntary Braces, aed,
Was Tare to. enter af such iimes without finding ay
engages in such work.

The regular aft fequired evmnasiem Fork WAS CEI
a week curing the Sephomtors and Funier years, “24
exercises in the Sophonars year censisted af ninci
gyimaasians work, including randing, juiushig! shal
ing, dimple exercises om honzoenishend painiiel- pais
hse of weights, dunti-betisy peitiaas: ‘Hhthes:; teas
exercises, ete,

. The work of the Tanfor Fear mae 423 boring.

In addition to this rasze of exercised hire 9 WES F
quired work in fencing aud bred-sward exerct
amounting to abmit one exercige 4 week for near
ihe four veers. ADE three-fourths: a this ‘Gave ow
dives io fencing or arercises withthe, smugly atord..

fait. The reniainder was devoted: te Giotd ewan

and Single “sticks. Fe jnstrictons’ “eth. these, eaeERS
were 8 Brench master, and beg es
Ponts coutitey hetwben: TEioe :
UL Ue.

The éxerebzes - “this -noted sie the |

athletics. . og -

Phere’ was ay academy sing; sone dd excel
_ iit’ WOE: and” ranked tell with? ‘Burroldding Anstitir:

arnt BS

| " tietis. * ‘Bach. class ‘also ‘had ‘ifs, own ming, and. class *
‘ games. were played muchis at.M. AY Ch. ‘Boot. ball wes
thats ‘fer its: ‘traneltion stdee frdai the: ale data “art twenty
years’ ago, whet it was foo# ball and Was only. kicked,

to. ttie modern form of the vane as ive And it to-day.
“Podtcbail was therefore played but Ilttle, though an

é aeedstinal vatoe keptus from forgetiing ie: altogether,

* Baw: tennis was theoin its infaucy in this country,
The Naval Academy was ove of the first places in the
United States where it was played, Dring those years
however, it gained mo footheld among the studetts,
It was brought there by officers who bad become fa-
Tiliar with it among the English, and io the odicers it
was restricted. Among them Doweverit became ex-

.ceedingly popular, and thet great enthusiasm over .
~‘a.game which seemed to consist simply im knocking -
a little seft bajl back and forth over a net prefudiced -

“many of the students against: the game before they |

“became fambgar with. the rules and patticuler -
poitets which aade it justly £0 teat a faworite,
Lacrosse was also played to some extent, and having,
as it does, some features of both tennis and foot: ball,
itin a measnre answered for Doth,
For track athletics, there was atrack of about one —
“quarter TaHe, Rept in good order and always available
‘for walking, rnuning, etc. The athletic evenis of the
year were iwa in number, & #ournament, as it was
- calted, Tor general indoor athletics,: mene a field-day -
ee fee Sibdoon. sports. ERS Naval Academy WAS Con.

ce o place id-the winter the eae
“the isemer all ‘at the ‘Vpual dnc i gees

tested for. Fencing, among: Be Tove HE = cae Lee eo ep ien Hace dtias tt Pans ore
animportast part. At thedield-day Rie shetty tis aeeui: . ve rae reading” Virgitys ‘ret ? Aid th
on such occasions were contested far. cwitht S68 sine: cr oe ao ae ‘throw my STUER. aime. Hers,” that:

thé addition of such events as climbing a treased: ‘pale.
or catehing a greased pig, by way of amusement.
le may be surprising that nothing has been said 3
about shell racing. This form of college athletics has ©
never reached a high degree of development at the
Naval Academy for the simple reason that a crew, in.
_obder ta make any show Whatever ia a race, must
‘have time to train and ptactice together. There, :
nithing was ¢xcused, no regular duty was ever remiit- :
ited on acconet of athletics, and consequently & boats]

pe had no ‘chance to do themselves justice. “RToSt: éf al

thre « classes, haweyer, had shelis, and. considerable: ge -

Sof theta. Was Made im season, but they never. ‘eitered er

“Jatgery as & component part of the so- called athteti ie Squate’ “os: Brookly a Of « statue of Henry hy

sporty |
a Ti. he: tite gnid! Page gives sana’ ‘the. Mere a
‘dollawer ‘dthietics: wba : received: an “enormous impeties <2

tis development, and that the above sketch feck cee
- Heine a fair. exposition of their Preseze: state! ont
‘niatter. The sketch will not, perhaps; be withouttins =

Bal. YOM AE PE
eer wea tee

: ‘fas :as far as 1 got, professor,”

ofa

"ap

and fag: ,Waderzone. preat. developmianf. : Tg ashe: SB

fs ees

presumed hatte, aecal Acadesty bas. partakba. at:

terest however, 4s showing the condition of athletics. e
froin iwelve to fifieen years ago at an “instination, . :
which aimed to Pive to such sabjects a Fair represen.
tation, . -W. F. Durany.
The affairs ofthe Wi. 1, A. A. ‘have at last seer a
straightened ont and Satistactarity settled for, thé. -
season. Weowe many thanks to our representative.
for his sincere and hard work for the interests ofthe’ .
colleges. Itis hoped that the Association will eleet Its
heyw committee this fall, that they may devise. a Hew :
constitution Moré ft harmony with the oe dei
mands than that whder which it sow exists.

The ball game which occurred upon, thie resists
Tule 22, hetwreeti the Battle Creek ¥. Mt, Ghee
hore teams, resus ad in the following store.

‘423 a we 7 F2
o.oo ee :
ee 7

eons ns

Oo od
DD: “OH.
Base on batis, B. Suk MAL C., 5,
Burnett struck

mile racing track next teri.
abotnd the present bal! grounds,
this fall to the sitidents will be das, inorder: “ter See ;
track graded, _ Nest apt ing, by making. ange. of: thé

poo

It ts hoped that allathtetes, ag. wall as: alt (stadenne
will ake advantage ofthe. ingreasi: dacilities for sesuit:
dn ney ao ee he. atiteticsiaudard ofthe: Silicon
Jab the Satedie ne dete oe ‘best: pilateelal tb if

_cProtesior
—# That was Ts far. Snonghs you mays sit
down." - . Pay

Si was told to- day that: a “coupie’ of ‘bag? -_

lars toed to rob Jay. Gould's safe the | ‘other. 4

night, and they atteaily got in among his |
railroad securities.” «Were “‘ehey ‘dikcévered ?”

’Nof they “were” ¢lad. to: eats away alive.”
Phe water owas. Fery: ‘deep, aiid if seems that a

neither. BE, then, could: SWUM stg SP

a i

Phe vesdat ‘eeéetion | “he the City: Hail a

Ear. Reécher;. gives a peeuliae : interest to”.
thes Sieh 5 sarmphiet. just: issued’ by pti
cs EpGaetind Ae Hutburt, setailing the Beecher...

ried sevig: Iaely, held at Plypiout.
THE SPECULUM.

Gents Fine Shoes, A

404 ‘Washington Avenue North, 174." ©

Bor the Finest

a “ Qahedoor Groups
: Made on

-_
30

ahert Dotics.

“

ee Se. ELS! saad ©

: er Prost, oO

E
t

Ee

“Pp

Photographie Work |
=e to

CASSEY or RILEY.

eae eee National Bank.

‘POULTRY, GAME IN. SBABON.

SRECEAE RATES fae SPULEW ES.

B, #B. Ervyvas,

GW, Frrearan.
* Treasurer.

whe ee Sec'y and 3Car

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pee Es “MICHIGAN.

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Jeb Yodueme oAdistie Jew. elry’ and
ane Badees ¢ of sey ‘Peseription

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FA SPECIALTY, ‘Extra effort wade to please. |.

* COLLEGE STUDENTS in styles and prices.

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Wholesale dod retail dealer in Freeh and Salt

-tue Washington Ave, South... .- ene
Tt sleohonte Mom mu rication , ae

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IMPORTED, and

Pure Chemicals, webs
Paney and tf
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ae 7h es ret, tae -

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HOUSE FURNISHINGS, | Largest Line ite ‘the. City.

inte ON J

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AP epee HATS, CAPS,

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GENES FURNISHING

Larges? selention
GOGR5,

of Ping gloPhs . | » =: ASpeciaity, sy

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it Cestral iHichigan, , , Students and Gthers, Gwe =e mz Saiee

a ov . SRE aan WE OREM att Te Vea Beep 1. 113 Washington 2mm Piet.

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FRI tat Glisters is wot Bold”: c OLLEG BR

— ‘Bot Bleck ds fas brick haitdieg and ste — ae

oda bette Hehe fo Coonra! Michigan Sher ae) —_ 8:90 a: A an a
exporiancs af telibp Heal” pause
Ty OWE aperstisg. i claiy abe: eight af Sey. sete)
can, 2 wilt, 480 7 So mabe the FINEST PHOT Y
GRAPES in the City of Latsreg. Te¥ me spa sce.
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PFHE SPECULUM.

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WY. A. JOHNSON, Preprietor aed Manager of the Michigan School Bur

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mt Chthier. “. Goods. ;

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