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THE  COI_JLEGE  SPEC.ULUM. 

VoL.  IL-No.  3. 

LANSING,  MICH:,  APRIL  2,  1883. 

WHOLE  No.  7. 

Dreaming. 

TlParl  nt  the  me<'ling  of  lhe  Alnmnt  of  the  l\Jichignn  Stale  Agri 

-cul1urul  r.otlege,  Aug.  15,  18tit,  Uy  !4~.  llodgman,  :u:!.. 

TJie  shadows of evening are quietly  falling 
.  And  draping  the earth for  its season of rest: 
The whippoorwill out in  the thorntrce is  calling; 
With  clear  plaintive note to his mate he is calling; 
The wild  echoes answer him out from  the  west. 

I  sit in  the gloaming and  dream of  my roaming, 

My roaming when  life seemed  all happy and  bright; 
And memory comes bringing,  with laugllter a1HI  singing 
Whose tones thrill the heart like a  fairy  bell riuging, 
Sweet dreams overflowing the soul with  clel ght. 

Those fairy-like visions have eornething elysian, 
So sweet and so mellowed  by passage of time, 
Such tinges of  sadness commingled with gladness, 
The gladness subdued and refined  by  the sadness, 
Like the harmonics sweet of a  musical chime. 

They ask of the zeµhyr  that onward is gliding, 
What burden of  blessings it bears on  the air, 
Huw the leaflet shall gain of the life  it is bringing, 
A morsel of rood  from  the atmosphere wriDging, 

Heceiving from  eartll,  air,  and sunshine a  share. 

They watch  where in  biding the worm  is abiding, 
Destroyi1 g  tlie  plant or the fruit on  the tree, 
And  see  the clull  worm  to the chrysalis changing, 
Perchance to a  butterfly lnzily ranging 

Mid  flowers  and sunshine,  gay,  tireless and free . 

They follow  the track of the  ru shing tornado, 
And  whirlwinds th:tt circle careering along 

To gle11n  from the midst of thRil'  raging commotion 
Th e  laws which  must govern the air in  its motion 
And  which to its nature and substance belong. 

They 11.re  working in  every department of labor, 
And  studying every clepartmeut of  thought; 

But the gems of their thought,  and  the wealth of their labor, 
They bring to ennoble  the  husbandman's labor, 
And  help  him  to rank in  scale where he ought. 

And  Fancy,  her magical pinions outspreading, 

Soars away  o·rnr valley and  mountain and plain, 

And  mingles the past with  its memories olcleu, 
The future  with  I.lopes  ever joyous and golchm, 

And  the present with all of its pl<Jasure  and  pain. 

For the farmer who goes to the storehouse of nature 

To gather for all of  the nations their bread, 

Has ranked,  since  the days of old  Adam's creation, 
Low clown  in  the scale of the world's estimation; 
Walked humbly  behind while  the  warrior led. 

I  see,  on  a  mountain,  a  crystalline fountain, 

Whose waters glide rippling and dancing along; 
They  peep  under ledges,  and wi11cl  among sedges, 
And waucler  mid  fern leaves and  thickets and  hedges, 

As they dance down  the mounta.n side all the clay long; 

Then  threading the valley they  linger to dally 

lly meadows and fields  that are  waving  witl1 grain: 
By lakelets th11t  laug-h  when the merry wiDds  blow them, 
'!'all  grasses that noel  to the nestlings  below them, 

And  sweet clover blossoms that sprinkle the plain. 

Th ey always are tlowiJ.1g- and eyer are growing; 

The rill h;  a  river and reaches the sea; 

On  its banks there are hamlets and  cities abiding, 
And  boats on its waters at  eventide gliding 

To meet the great ships floating  in  frum  the sea. 

Thus ever progressing tlley scatter their  blessiDgs 

From  mountain  to ocean ill  bountHul  train, 

The birds lave thl'ir sit.les in  the cool rippling wnters, 
Th e  herds·slake their thirst in  the health giving waters, 
Then seek their repose neath the trees of  the  plain. 

The  soldiers and  statiismen  have gone on  before him; 

Philosophers.  painters,  and poets,  and  all 

Of the men  who have followed  more favored  vocations, 
Wh ere rank must be won  by the  mind's  cultivation, 
i:itoocl  first,  and the farmer  has followed  them all. 

For he followed  the steps of hi s  fathers before him, 

Content w:th the things which  were known  and  were tried; 

Till the sweet voiue  of libertv over tho  ocean 
Awoke in  his heart a  more  noble  emotion, 

And callucl  him  to  make a  new home o'er the tide. 

And  freedom  awokfl in him  new aspirations, 

A thirst for  more knowledge,  more  vigor of  mind, 

A restless ende,wor to  better his station; 
'l'o stand  as compared with  the rest of the nation, 

As capable,  honest,  and pure,  ancl  r efi 11ecl. 

Auel  he found  that to work out the problem  before him, 

His mind  mast lie  busy as well as his .hand; 

That farmers from henceforth must be their own  teachers; 
Must do as good  brain  work as lawyers or preachers; 

Or rank evermore in  the laggardly  band. 

And  now,  like  the fountain  that gushed from  the mountain, 

Cornes a. well-spring of knowledge, pure, priceless, and grand; 

The  waters that flow  from  its bosom  are living 
Young spirits,  who,  toiling  and strh·ing,  are giving 
The best of their lives 1ur the good or  the la.Del. 

Tirnt  fountain  of knowledge is a  husbandman's college, 
Where the lord  of  the soil of  its mysteries learus; 

Where he searches the caskets of  earth for their treasures, 
The storm-cloufl and sunshine enquiringly measures 
To gather the knowledge for which his soul burns. 

And  hither  come thronging the youth who are longing 

For merited honor,  distinction,  and farne;-

With  forms  that are sturdy and cheeks that are ruddy, 
And  hearts never flinching from  labor or  stucly, 
"Press onward," thciJ.·  motto ;-perfection their aim. 

That work must be clone that is  full  of  attnwtion, 
And  farmers the men wllo  have got it to  do, 
In orchard a11d  meadow aml  every surrouncliug, 
The secrets of nature are richly  abounding, 

And  farmers the men who  must bring them  to view. 

s ·o  he entered the work with the strength  of  conviction, 

With blows strong ancl  sturdy all  over the land, 

The forest reechoed  the sounds of his chopping; 
The prairies he checkered with fields  be was cropping; 

And plenty rewarded the work of his hand. 

Tall spires pointing upward the pathway to heaven, 

Mute witnesses they to  his  virtue and truth; 

While school-houses standing along the broad highways 
Or bowered mid trees in  the cool shady by-ways, 

All tell of  his care for  the culture of youth. 

They search the sweet bowers of the wilclwood  for flowers, 

They follow  the rootlets clown  deep as they  toil, 
They trace the cruclc sap in its upward  path going, 
As ever from rootlet to leaf it is flowing, 

To leam how the plant gathers strength froru  the soil. 

Tis the fruit of his labors I  see in  my dreaming, 
As thoughts of  the future are filling  the brain, 

And  picture our Country-a rapturous vision 
The home of free  millions,  a  dwelling  elysian, 
Like the garden of Eden reopened  again. 

2 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

Where tho  husbandman oquala the  peer in position; 

Where  virtue and  intellect rule in  the Janel; 
Where titles to place in  the world 's  estimation 
Are  based  upon  virtue and such education 

As  bring-s out the best that there is in  the  man. 

* 
The sweet stars of evening above me are shining ; 

* 

* 

* 

* 

* 

The ujght-birds away in the starlight  have flowu; 

And far in  the forest their notes are repeating, 
The tone softly reaching the ear with its greeting, 
The purest and sweetest that ever was known. 

* 

Illy  senses now wander in  dreamland  no longer; 
In thought to my old college home I  return, 
To  seek for  the fountain,  the high inspiration, 
The home of the husbandman's new education, 

Where he in  his hopes for the future  may  turn. 

I  find  there the fountain  with waters upwelling, 

Which flow,  like  the rill of my dream,  to the sea, 

Its sources lie  deep in  the hearts of the  nation, 
In homes of the humble and  lowly in  station, 

And  the waters that flow  from  the fountain  are free. 

All honor I'll give to my old  Alma Mater; 

Good  cheer to the ch ildren  she's sending abroad; 

To cheer up  the working,  awaken the  sleeping; 
To search out the secrets which nature is keeping; 
And  bring the world nearer perfection and Goel. 

Debt  and  Responsibility  of  ()ivilization. 

BY  EUGENE  F .  LAW,  ECLECTIC  SOCIETY. 

Every  factor  and  element  that  enters  into  and 
forms  a imrt  of  modern  civilization is  the result of  a 
long and intricate process of  development.  The earth 
came  not  into existence ready fitted  to  be  a  dwelling 
place for life, but countless ages passed, and innumer 
able changes took place before it could support the low 
est fOl'ms;  and with a slow but perpetual development, 
it  became  the  home of  curious  vegetable  forms  and 
animal  monsters,  until  it _was finally capable of  sus 
In  a  like  manner  all  the  ideas  that 
taining  man . 
Jmve modified  and revolutioniz ed the moral and intel 
lectual life  of mankind have been  developments. 

The world,  at present, is  too  likely to look  at civili 
zation  as  something  for  which  much  credit  is  due 
itself  for  building up  and  sustaining, rather  than as 
an inheritance for  which it is responsible.  That men 
are created with  equal  rights we  now recognize  as  a 
principle  upon which  is  based  all  true equity in  the 
government  of  man;  yet  self-evident  as  this  may 
seem,  it  cost  many  a  painful  struggle  to  secure its 
recognition in the political  philosophy of  any nation; 
and the blood  of  the noblest and  best  has  been shed 
in its vindication.  In the history of  the English peo 
ple  every  concession  of  kings,  from  the  charter  of 
Henry  the  first,  that  has  been  incorporated  into 
English  law,  has cost  the  lives  of  many  pioneers of 
liberty;  and  human equality under  our own  govern 
ment  existed only in  theory,  until  a  cruel  war  blot 
ted from  our land the curse of  slavery. 

Science,  now  so  closely connected with civilization, 
has  not  been  elevated  to  its  present  position  by  the 
bravery  of  armies,  nor  by the  skill  of  generals  and 
statesmen;  but  rather  by  the  quiet working  of  the 
'rhe world 
noblest faculties  of  the  human  intellect. 
now  rejoices in  the victories of  science;  and  its cost 
seems  to  lie  chiefly  in  the  brilliant · minds  that  its 
interesting  problems .attract from  the other vocations 
of  life;  but it has not always been thus.  Science has 
had its martyrs.  Nearly  every  advance  made  in  its 
early  history  involved  the  rejection  of  established 
authority,  and  for  their  bravery in refnsing to  adopt 

what they lmew to be false, men have suffered.  Those 
who  die  upon  the  field  of  battle  fighting  bravely to 
sustain  a  right  principle,  deserve  all  the  honor that 
man  can  bestow;  but  those  who  have  studied  out, 
preserved,  and  promulgated  the  great  truths  of 
science,  when to  do  so  '<Vas  to  court  persecution in its 
worst  forms,  are  the  greatest  heroes.  Their  work 
involved persistent courage for  a  life time, the fruit  of 
which  could seldom  Lenefit  themselves;  hence,  theirs 
was  the highest forms  of  heroism,  for  it included self 
sacrifice  in doing  more  than  duty.  Such  men  were 
the  pioneers  of  science,  ancl  their  intellectual  and 
moral  grandeur  shone  far  out  of  the  dark  ages  in 
which  they  lived,  a  noble  prophecy  of  what  science 
was  to  achieve  for  the  world.  Civilization  has  not 
only  the  benefit  of  their  work,  but  the  inheritance 
of  their example. 

· 

Free  speech  and  free  press  are  the  natural  out 
growths of  republics;  but they have become so  impor 
tant,  that a  free  government  must depend upon them 
for  its  existence,  and  a  republic  thus  sustained and 
perpetuated symbolizes the highest type of  enlighten 
ment that the world has yet  known.  The free expres 
sion of  opinion is the worst enemy of  tyranny.  Popes 
and  bishops  have  proclaimed  against  it,  for  it  is  a 
deadly foe  of  bigotry  and  superstition. 
Its  struggle 
has  been long,  painful and expensive;  and in the old 
world it yet contends with despotism, and impatiently 
awaits recognition;  but  men must yet end their lives 
in  dungeons,  and  on  Siberia's  frozen  plains .  The 
arm of  the execution er,  directed  by malice and ignor 
ance,  tyranny and oppression,  must silence those who 
would  have  voiced  the longings for  liberty of  millions 
before free  expression of thought will gain the  ascend 
ancy. 

Nowhere  does  the world  seem to  be more indebted 
to  the past than in literature. 
'l'o the vast accumula 
tions  of  past  literary  labor  we  look  for  one  of  the 
great  educating ancl  refining forces  of  modern times. 
8cience  and  art  have  caught  and  stereotyped  the 
thoughts  of  the  intellectual  giants  of  all  ages,  and 
have  placed  before us  the result of  the literary labor 
and  genius of  the  past.  These acquisitions  not only 
directly  enlighten  the  world,  but  they  nourish  and 
stimulate talent and thus make it possible for literary 
genius  to  be  perpetuated.  Every  great  book  repre 
sents  more  or  less  of  the  life  work  of  some  master 
mind;  and it is  at this  expense  only,  that the world's 
literature has been enriched by such works as enlighten 
mankind. 

Hal:ltened  and encouraged  by the  achievements ancl 
laborious  accumulations of  the  past,  civilization has 
continued  to  advance.  With  this  advance  comes  a 
greater  degree  of  r esponsibility. 
'l'he  questions  that 
excite the  world to-day aro more  complex  and  impor 
tant than those of  earlier civilizations,  and at present 
the  whole  social  and  political  world  is  stirred  to its 
very center concerning its future.  Love  and hope for 
our national  institutions  bids  us  prophesy their  per 
manence;  but  looking  at  it  in the  broad light of  the 
general principles of history, unless we can prove that 
this young republic  of  the westem world rests upon a 
basis much different from  that on  which those of  the 
past  have  depended,  there  is  no  good  reason  to pre 
dict  its  stability. 
'l'h e  great  causes  of  the  decay  of 
nations have usually come from within.  During their 
most  glorious  periods the seeds  of  decay  have  germi 
nated. 
Internal strife ruined Greece.  Huns or Goths 
would never have reduced  Rome to  a  state of  barbar 
ism,  had  not  wealth  and  luxury  first  prepared  the 
way.  We  have  the  benefit  of  the experience of  past 
nations,  and  we  are  responsible  for  all  tlle means  by 
'l'o science 
which civilization has been strengthened . 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

·3 

we  are  indebted  for  man's  po~ition in  relation  _to  / 
nature,  and  as  it develops  and  is  trnsted  by man its 
representatives become responsible for  that trust. 

When the principles of  natural science  are properly 
mingled with those of  political and social science, and 
the whole incorporated  into  the  government of  ma!1, 
when rulers  and  legislators recognize the  responsibil 
ity of  their  trust  and  acknowledge  by  their  actions 
that no government is  worthy  the name that  d~es no~ 
protect  alike  the  interests of  all,  when  the  mmds of 
the people  are  broadened and made more  libe_n~l _a?d 
intelligent  by education, then will  the responsibilities 
of  civilization be  sustained in  such  a  manner as to  be 
a  token that man recognizes  his  responsibility to  the 
past. 

Theo rizing . 

BY  L.  A.  BUELL,  DELTA  TAU  DELTA . 

Man is  by nature a  theorizer. 

It is  to  this propen 
sity  that  society  owes  its  development  and  science 
and art their  progress,  for  the  theoris.t  who  attempts 
to  account for  either mental or physical  phenomena, 
or he· who  speculates  on  the  result  of  any combina 
tion  of  physical  forces  only  evolves  principles  and 
laws  that  are  as  old  as  our  world.  The  forces  he 
discovers  have  only  awaited  the  call of  man to leap 
into action . 

'l'he unfolding of  nature's laws  and the application 
of  them  by  man have necessarily been slow processes, 
but undoubtedly they were much retarded by the  con 
servatism which  characterized  our race  up  to  within 
a  few  centuries . 

Copernicus  dared  not  to  present  directly  to  the 
world the truth he had  demonstrated to himself.  He 
secured himself  from  attack  by  a  stratagem,  by flat 
tering  the  man  supposed  to  ~e infallible,  by  dedi 
cating his work through  a  cardmal to the Pope. 

And  Galileo who announced that the world  revolved 
on  its axis was pronounced  a  heretic,  and under pain 
of  most  cruel  torture  was forced  to recant,  but as  be 
said  "  it does  move for  all that." 

Scholars and scientists 110wever  are no longer pun 
ished as magicians,  and  man  is  allowed  to  exercise 
freely the  powers  that  are  transformin~ the  wilder 
ness into Edens-powers  that  are  makmg the forces 
of  nature subservient to his race. 

How  meager  must  have  been the knowledge of  the 
early representatives  of  our  race,  yet how  gr~at w~re 
the possibilities  before them !  Let  us tr)'.  to  imagme 
their condition .  Surrounded  on  every  side  by  mys 
teries·  with  no  idea  of  time,  distance,  or  quantity; 
often :Uisled by  the  apparent"  operations. in  nat~u:e; 
with  air  earth, fire,  and  water as the ultimate divis 
ions  of  'matter,  they  began  the  work  of  discovery 
that has resulted  in  the  diverse,  abstract  sciences  of 
our time.  in fact that bas resulted  in our  civilization 
with all !ts concomitants. 

Our civilization  is  brain  power stored  up, ·and it is 

truly said that, 
"Not a  truth has to art or science been  giYen, 

But brows have ached for it, and  souls have toiled and striven." 
Discovery has  always  been  a  deductive  process,  a 
reduction  from  the  concrete  to  the  abstract.  But 
before there can be a more abstract division of a science 
the concrete division must  present a  new set of  ques 
tion  to  be  solved.  And  it  is  just  at  this  point that 
man as a  theorizer finds  a  broad fi eld for  action. 

There are two ways of discovery;  we  may speculate 
on the result of  combinations  of  forces  and discover 

by testing  our  theories,  or we  may  assume a  reason 
able hypothesis  and  proceed  to  prove  it.  Thus  the 
misty conceptions  of  the  imagination  take form  and 
become tangible .  And  it  is  not  strange that man's 
desire to  to  know  the  mysterious  and the infinite,  in 
connection with  his  desii·e  for  personal  gratification 
in  innumerable ways,  has  led  him  to  false  theories, 
to theories  that apparently  meet  the requirements of 
tbe case  in  question  but  which  at  the  same tim~ are 
absolutely false. 

Such  theories  pervade  almost all sciences  and  are 
most disastrous to education.  The student  of  science 
masters  many  principles  only  to  find  that  some 
brighter genius  has  found  them to be  entirely wrong. 
The  system  that  exalted  our  humble  sphere  suffi 
ciently  to  make  it  the  center  of  the universe;  that 
confinecl  each  planet  to  its  orbit  by supposing  it  to 
move  on  the  inside  of  a  crystalline,  spherical shell, 
whose radius was equal to  the distance from the earth 
to  the particular  planet;  that  accounted for  irregu 
larities  in  the  movements  of  planets by giving  them 
an  additional  circular  motion; 
the  system  that 
received  the  papal  seal  of  infallibility,  and  found 
ardent defenders in most of  the wise men for  over two 
thousand years,  was  found  insufficient  at last,  and it 
vanished  in  mid air before  the  demonstrations  of  a· 
Copernicus . 

'!.'his  instability  has  a  tendency  to  make students 
sceptical as  to the truth of every proposition presented 
in the sciences  which  they study.  The application of 
a  false  theory is a  waste  of  force,  even  more,  it may 
be ruinous.  The plan of  an architect may be  a model 
of  elegance and towering grandeur, but if he has mis 
judged the  strength  of  materials  to  be  used  in  the 
structure it will fall  under its own  weight. 

The demand of  our  time  is  that  education,  espec 
ially,  shall  be  preeminently  practical;  that  it  shall 
fit  men to meet the  stern  conflicts  of life  bravely and 
triumphantly,  rather than  produce cloistered wisdom 
In  fact,  Mr. 
that  looks  upon  labor  with  disdain. 
Parton's  "Ideal  University" is  but  the  embodiment 
of  a  prevailing  public  sentiment.  Along  with  this 
demand  there  is  a  growing  tendency  to  regard  the 
theoretical  and  practical  as  directly  opposing  each 
other.  To  say  that  this  man  is  theoretical or that 
proposition is,  perhaps, theoretically true, is  to  apply 
terms of  reproaGh  of  a  very  scathing  nature.  And 
surely if theory  is  not  put  to  practice, if  the  model 
wrought out  by reason  and polished by the  imagina 
tion is  held in the  mind  and  is  never constructed  of 
material things,  of  what  use  is  it?  It may  be  food 
for  man's  spiritual  nature,  but  to  satisfy men of this 
practical age  they  must  have  something  more  sub 
stantial. 

But the fact is  theory is  the  great  chart  by  which 
·all successful artisans are working to-clay.  Who can 
paint fruit that he  has  never  seen  so  that birds will 
pick at it,  or who that  has  never  had his sight could 
chisel  from  a  rough  marble  block  a  perfect  human 
form?  Moreover,  who  can hew  out his  own fortune 
successfully without having it pictured out before  him, 
without knowing what will be the  result of  each blow 
before it is  struck?  "  To  be  destitute of an ideal is  to 
want the best motive of  effort." 

Beyond  the  poet's  sweet  dream  lives 
The  eternal  epic  of  the  man. 
He  wisest  is  who  only  gives, 
True  to  himself,  the  best  he  can; 
Who,  driftiug  in  the  winds  of  praise, 
The  inward  monitor  obeys; 
And,  wit.h  the  boldness  that  confesses  friar, 
Takes  in  the  crowded  sail,  and lets his conscience steer. 

-Whittier. 

4 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

State  Weather  Service. 

The  weather ·is  one  of  those  pervading  influences 
which  touch  all  classes  and  conditions  of  society. 
It is the topic of  conversation of ignorant and learned, 
of  high  and  low.  Every  business,  industry,  and 
pursuit of life is  molded and  shaped by  the  weather. 
But  agriculture  and  commerce  are  at the mercy of 
the  weather. 
I  here  use  agriculture  in  its  widest 
sense  as  soil-producers,  whether  the  product  be 
graius,  grasses, fruits,  and  flocks,  or  the elaborated 
products  of  these,  just as I  use  commerce  to  repre 
sent  the  carriers  of  products, whether  the  means of 
carrying be  ships,  boats,  cars,  or wagons wearily toil 
ing over the highway. 

The United  8tates  signal  service has given  a  sense 
of  security and protection to the shipping interests of 
incalcuable worth.  The benefits of  the storm signals 
and warnings are so great that no  person of  ordinary 
prudence would consent to  abandon them even if  the 
cost were  ten fold  what it is. 
In the domain of  com 
merce the signal service bas come to  stay. 

But there  are other interests which need the protec 
tion  of  science as well  as those of  commerce. 
I  wish 
to  call attention to  three  propositions  which  deserve 
earnest consideration. 

1.  That  no  industry,  except  navigation,  is so  com 
pletely at the mercy of  the  weather  as agriculture in 
its widest  sense. 

2.  That  in  the  magnitude  of  the  interests  thus 
threatened, agriculture outweighs  all others in impur 
tance.  Vast  as  are  the  interests  of  commerce  they 
are only a  drop in the  bucket  when  compared  with 
those of  agriculture. 
Indeed  without  the  sustaining 
influence of  agriculture commerce itself would vanish 
like the dew of morning.  If the demands of the ship 
ping interests are imperative,  why  should the greater 
interests of  agriculture be forgotten? 

3.  Timely  warnings  of  impending  meteorological 
clangers  might  be  given  by the  signal  service  which 
would  be  of  incalculable  worth  to  the  agricultural 
interests. 

· 

Take as example the  rainy weather from the 9th to 
the 16th of last July whereby one-fourth of  the wheat 
crop  of  this  State  was  rnined,  entailing  a  loss  of 
many million  dollars upon the  farmers  of  this  State. 
The peculiar meteorological conditions which promote 
the  sprouting  of  wheat  still  in  the  harvest  field 
warmth and  excessive  moisture,  a  slowly falling  bar 
ometer  with  tendency to frequent  showers  and tardy 
evaporation-were known for  days before the damage 
was clone.  Meteorological observers  in the State had 
noticed  and  commented  upon  the  peculiar  atmos 
pheric  conditions,  and  had  predicted  a  protracted 
storm as  early as the 6th of  July, while the  damaging 
storm did not begin  till the night of  the 9th.  On the 
4th the mean  daily temperature at  this college  was  a 
trifle  above 59°F. but  it  steadily  rose  day  by  day till 
the  9th  when  it  reached  77°F.  At  the  same  time  the 
mean temperature  of the  clew  point  rnse  even-paced with 
the  tempernture  of the  open nil',  the  mean  temperature 
of  the dew  point on the 9th  being 18°F.  above that of 
the 4th of  the month. 
In  other  words,  the  absolute 
amount  of  vapor  of  water  in  the  air  had  increased 
more tha!l 75  per cent in five  days-from 4! grains to 
7 2-5  grams  of  water  in  each  cubic  foot  of  air. 
In 
the mean time,  as early as the forenoon  of  'l'hursday, 
the  6th  of  July,  long  bands  of  cirro-stratus  clouds 
drew  across  the  sky,  and  by  2  P.  M.  one-half  the 

face  of  the  sky was  covi:ll"erl  with  the  these  celestial 
storm-signals, warning of  coming change.  If specific 
warning had been given  om  farmers  at  that  time or 
eveu  on Friday morning,  e-very  sheaf  of  wlleat might 
have been safely housed  and the farmers of  Michigan 
saved. froID  a loss  of  more than  ·'1,000,000. 

'rhe damage  inflicted  by the  meteorological  condi 
tions last July is  not isolated  and  exceptional.  The 
frosts  of  the 18th and 21st of  September, 1863,  which 
killed the half-ripe corn of  all the northwest;  the frost 
of  17th of  September 1875, which did so  much damage 
to the  corn,  and  the  wave  of  cold  which  on  18th  of 
October,  1875,  froze  millions  of  bushels of  apples, 
might have been  known and  timely warning  given to 
ward off  their effects if  adequate  means of  announc 
ing the danger had been  provided  and  put  in  opera 
tion .  The clangers of  the past will menace the future 
unless  timely  provision  is  made  to  guard  against 
their  attacks. 

Those  who  have  attentively  studied  the  meteor 
ology  of  this continent,  especially as  unfolded by the 
signal service, have observed  that storms and meteor 
ological  changes are not the fitful  and lawless  distur 
bances they were once regarded.  " The wind  bloweth 
where it listeth,  and  thou  hearest  the  sound  thereof 
but  canst  not  tell  whence  it  cometh  or whither it 
goetb," was trne of the meteorology of 2,000 yeal'S' ago, 
but some  progress  has  been  made  since  then  in the 
study  of  natural  phenomena. 
In  the  language  of 
Gov. Porter 

The Jaws  that  govern  the  condition  and  movements  of  the 
atmosphere are, as all scientific persons now  believe,  as fixetl  as 
those which  govern  the  ocean  currents  and  the  movements of 
the planets.  The inconveniences which we suffer from the vicis 
situdes of the atmosphere proceed chiefly from  a want or  knowl 
edge.  It is pleasant, however,  to  know  that  nature  is  always 
willing to lend a  key to the  diligent,  to  give  them  access to her 
"mysteries,"  and  to  teach that  what  seems  mystery is not in 
trnth so,  and that not chance but law rules the universe. 

The  great  distnrbances  of 

the  atmosphere,  the 
waves of  heat and  cold,  of  high  barometer  and low 
barometer,  of  moist  and  dry-in  other  words,  the 
meteorological storms of  continental sweep--ha ve  for 
the  most  part  their  starting  point  or  incubating 
ground  in  the  high  plains  of  Dakota and Manitoba, 
from  whence  they  pursue  a  somewhat  definite  path 
southeast, then east  and  finally  northeast,  the  path 
being  changed  and  deflected  by  meteorological con 
ditions in the neighboring regions, such as local areas 
of  barometric disturbance,  moisture,  heat,  etc., etc. 

Knowing the time of  beginning  of  a  storm in the 
far  northwest,  the  violence  of  the  attending  distur 
bance  and  the  meteorological  conditions  along  the 
path of  the storm, the  chief  signal  officer  is  enabled 
to foretell  many hours  and  sometimes  for  clays  in 
advance  the  nature, progress  and  direction  of  any 
great storm and  to  announce  the  conditions  which 
will  prevail in the country outside of  tlle track of  the 
storm but  in its  neighborhood.  The  progress  of  the 
storm is from  20  to 50 miles  an hour. 

l\Iany  persons remember  the  bursting  of  the  clam 
on  Mill  river,  in  Mass.,  some  ten  or  a  dozen  years 
ago,  and how the good  deacon dashed down  the valley 
on  bis white  mare  to  warn  tlie  inhabitants  of  the 
coming destruction,  and  how  many  lives  were  saved 
thereby.  When these  storms  come  sweeping  down 
upon  us  with  railroad  speed  we  need  some  swift 
footed  herald to  warn  us  of  the  coming  danger,  and 
this we  secure  by the  telegraph. 

In the majority of  great  storms  the  prediction of 
the course,  violence  and  the  accompaniments of  the 
storm  can  be  foretold  with  great  accuracy,  and  so 
long  before  their  advent  tbat the public may be  pre 
'rhese storm-warnings 
pared to  withstand its  onset. 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

5 

the public haYe  a  right  to demand at the hands of the 
general government. 

I  advocate no  storm-warnings like those of  the late 
Wiggins-foolhardy guesses,  without science or sense 
but capable of  great mischief in a  too  credulous pub 
lic.  It would  be  a  boon  to  true science if  some inter 
national commission  could  arrest and confine all the 
meteorological cranks  that infest our continent.  The 
folly  of  such false  prophets should not bring discredit 
on  sci ... nce.  Navigation  remains  and  ships  will  yet 
plough the sea even  though the thistle-down is  sucked 
beneath  the  ocean  wave.  When  the  public come to 
a  better  knowledge  of  the  laws  of  meteorology the 
vaporings  of  these  cranks  will  floa.t  by  as  silent and 
unnotic ed as  thistle-down in a  September breeze. 

The duty of  the general government tu  give  signals 
of danger to  agriculturalists  has been recognized to  a 
certain extent by the promise of  the  signal service to 
give warning  of  coming  frosts  to  the  cotton growers 
of  the south  and the tobacco  raisers  of  the  middle 
States. 
Indeed  the  signal  service  has  got the thing 
down  to  so  fine  a  point  that  I  found  the  following 
item  in a  Boston paper last fall : 

A rrnngements  ha•e  been made  with  the signal service bureau 
at Washin~ton for  Lhe  establishment of  a  system  of frost  warn 
ings  for  tho  benefit of  the cranberry-growers  of  Cape  Cod.  A 
list of stations to which  it is desired that these wal'llings be sent, 
has been forwarded  to chief  signal  officer  Hazen. 

This is  all  right.  The  cotton  grower  and  tobacco 
raiser  have  a  right  to  warnings  of  coming  clanger. 
Even the cranberry  patch  is  entitled  to  its  share  of 
attention  from  the  general  government.  But  while 
these departments of  agriculture  receive  the  benig 
nant  attention  of  the  signal  service,  why  should the 
I 
vastly greater agricultural  interests  be  forgotten? 
do  not  complain  that  the  signal  service  "pays tithe 
of  mint and anise  and cummin," but do  object that it 
has  "  omitted the weightier matters of  the law,  judg 
ment,  mercy  and  faith:  these  ought  ye  to  ha1:e  clo11e 
ancl  not to  leare  the  other  u.ndone."  The  general  gov 
ernment, through the  signal  service,  should  hold the 
shield  of  its  protection  over  land  as  over  sea,  over 
corn  field  as  over  tobacco  plant, over  hay  field  as 
over  cranberry marsh,  over wheat field as  over  cotton 
plantation,  over  orchards  and  vineyards,  and  the 
cattle upon a  thousand hills  and prairie le<tS. 

'fo  carry out  this  plan  a  State  weather  service 
should be  organized to which the signal service should 
promptly  send  by  telegraph  special  agricnltural  clan 
ger  signals  when  untimely  frosts,  storm s,  waves  of 
unusual cold  or heat, or other meteorological  disturb 
ances  are impending which threaten any of  the great 
·agricultural  interests.  These  agricnltural  clrmger 
signals  might  be  announced  by any means  thn,t  will 
attract 
immediate  attention,  e.  g.,  a  danger  fiag 
displayed  on  the  locomotive  of  every railroad  train 
carrying  U.  S.  mail  in  the  threatened  district; 
the· 
sounding of  danger signals by  blowing the locomotive 
whistle in some  characteristic way; 
the  display of  a 
danger flag  at every postoftice  receiving  a  daily mail, 
etc. 
.  It will be  objected that  such  signals  will  not reach 
every farmer,  yet a  great  many  will  be  r eached,  and 
in time more perfect ways will  be discovered by which 
greater  numbers may  be  warned. 

I  do  not desire  to  criticise  the  signal  service  for 
I  recognize the great good it 
anything  it  has  done. 
has  done  in  the  large  contributions  it  has  made 
towards making meteorology an exact science, and the 
property and lives  it has  saved  by 'its  danger  signals 
for  commerce. 
I  only  desire  to  see  its  usefulness 
extended into wider fields  by  doing  for  the  proclllcer 
what it has so  well  done for  the carrier. 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

Publisher!  Q11nrterly,  on  th e  1st  of  August,  October,  A1iril,  nnd  Juue, 

BY  THE  STUDENTS 
-OF -

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LA.NSING,  MICH.,  APRIL  2,  1883. 

No  ONE  thing has  caused  more  trouble  alike to the 
managers  of  this  institution and  its  students  than 
the old boarding system.  Being  und er  the  control of 
the faculy it was  a  constant  trial  on their part to see 
that it was  operated  to  the  best  advantage.  To  the 
students it  was equally objectionable since it failed to 
provide  palatable  food  in  suitable  quantities.  That 
it  has  been  a  ground  for  dispute  between  faculty, 
stewn, rd,  and  student,  even  under  its  best  manage 
ment  is  enough  to  condemn  its  efficiency  and  pro 
nounce it a  failure. 

the 

· college  authorities  by  placing 

Now  that we  have the improved  plan of  club board 
ing  the  prospects  for  the  future  are  brighter;  not 
alone to  the  student, but the college  itself will r eceive 
a  new  impetus .  It  will  furnish  better board to the 
student  which  does  much  to  make  him  genial  and 
law abiding;  it will  bring  a  feeling  of  relief  to  the 
r esponsibility 
where  it  properly  belongs, i .  e.,  in  the  hands  of  the 
students .  At  present  it  is  a  matter  of  experiment; 
but by systematizing  the  operations  it is intended to 
lower  the  price  of  board,  which  is  an  important 
factor  in  the  student's  expense account.  Since it is 
to  be  controlled by the students  stricter  economy will 
praCticed for  no one  can expect careful oversight from 
a  disinterested steward .  Another thing  greatly in its 
favor is the tendency to obviate the disgraceful  scenes 
that  sometimes  took  place  in  the  old  dining hall. 
'.fhis  method will  abolish a  gren,t  many of  the  objec 
tions  that  young  men  have  had  in  entering  this 
college  and we  hope  that  every friend  of  the  institu 
tion  will  spread the news ·of this improvement. 

THE  11'.lETHOD  of  choosing  commencement  orators 
which has been practiced here in the past, and which 
has  generally  proved  so  unsatisfactory  has  at  last 
been  changed .  Now, instead of  being  drawn  by  lot, 
they are  elected  by the faculty,  each  member  select 
ing  those he deems  best able to fill  the office. 

G 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

There  has  al ways  been  a  portion  of  the  students 
who  prefer  a  lecture  by  some  noted  educator  to 
orations  by  the  class.  There  is in favor  of  this  sys 
tem  the  benefit  derived  from the  address,  together 
with the banishment of  the ill feelings  that are  some 
times engendered in the  consideration of  this  subject. 
The  efficiency  of  the  system,  as  it  now  stands 
It will  be 
depends  upon  the  action  of  the  faculty. 
successful as long as they allow the element of  fairness 
to  enter their cleterminations,-ineffectual when they 
are governed by their prejudices . 

'rhere is  a  matter  related to  this same  subject that 
still  needs  attention  and  that  is  the  eligibility  of  a 
student  to  become  an  orator.  Those  seniors  who 
have not passed all studies up to those  of  the present 
time  are debarred this right.  As the next commence 
ment only two  societies will  be  represented.  Most  of 
the  seniors  belonging  to  those  societies  were  made 
ineligible  by  circumstances  over  which  they had  no 
control.  A more equal distribution would have given 
better  satisfaction,  yet  the  present  senior  class is  so 
near a  unit that no  one may have fear  of  any dissen 
sion.  There  should  be  no  such  qualification.  A 
professor  should  have  the  right  to  choose  any  one 
who  has  avowedly  expressed  his  determination  to 
graduate. 
'l'his  restriction  while  being of  no  advan 
tage  to  the  students,  does  them  actual  harm.  It is 
intended  to  incite  promptness  but  it  rather  affords 
them a loophole  through  which  they  may  evade  the 
responsibility  of  an  orator.  The  student  who,  pur 
posely,  lags behind  his  class  surely  incurs  detrim.en 
tal effects.  In order  to  prevent  neglect  of  duty and 
encourage promptness the system should be  amended 
so  as to  be  practical and thereby a  success. 

WE  NOTICE  in  back  numbers  of  THE  8PECULUM, 
several  editorials  favoring  the  establishment  of  a 
department of  military science  at  this  college.  The 
arguments  used are very plausible,  but  only one  side 
of  the question is given.  There are two sides to  every 
question,  and we  think the other side  should be heard 
from  on this point.  The  proposed  plan  is  not  with 
out its  disadvantages. 
'rhe  statement  is  made,  that 
the students favor  the  measure .  We  do  not  believe 
one  student  in  five  understands  what  a  "depart 
ment of  military science"  would include .  It is great 
fun to  turn out  now  and  then  with  the  cadets.  We 
found  it  so  when  we  were  freshmen .  No  soldier 
returning from a hard fought battle ever marched with 
a  prouder  step  than  did  our  gallant  company  of  a 
dozen,  returning  from  the  annual  "target  shoot." 
This  was  great  fun;  but  when  the  strict  military 
discipline that the  "military science" would  bring in 
began  to  be  enforced,  the  advocates  of  the  measure 
would long for  the goocl  old  days.  Then  again,  what 
time  have  we  to  drill. 
If we  are  not  misinformed, 
our college  is  the only one  of  its  class  that  pretends 
to  enforce the labor  system.  We  claim  that if  com 
plete military science should be  introduced here,  and 
we  surely do  not want anything that is  not complete, 

the bbor system must be  either  sadly broken into,  or 
entirely done  away with.  The man who  works  faith  
fully  for  three hours on  the  farm  or  garden,  and pre 
pares his lessons understandingly,  has little  time left 
for  "military  science."  The  remainder  of  his  time 
can  bs  spent  far  more  profitably  at reading, rest,  or 
recreation.  We have no time at present.  Will it pay 
to  cripple the labor system which  all  admit is  becom 
ing more  and more efficient?  The  point  has  hereto 
fore  been  made  that  our  armory  should  be  used. 
This room  is  now  occupieCl  by  two  boarding  clubs, 
and  the  arms  have  been  sent  back  to  the  capitol. 
Where  once  the  freshman  cadet  stumbled  over  his 
own  feet  in  a  vain  effort  to  "right  about face,,.,  the 
hungry student now rushes to his meals. 
·The gleam 
ing bayonet has given place to  the peaceful knife  ancl 
fork .  May the change be  permanent. 

THAT  NATURAL  power of  speech which enables  one  to 
freely  and  distinctly  utter  his  thoughts  is  surely  a 
beneficent  gift.  But,  to  the  majority,  this  is  an 
acquirement rather  than an inheritance.  Many per 
sons  are capable  of  thinking  profoundly  and of  reas  
oning logically, yet lack the power of presenting those 
ideas  in  an  intellig~ble  manner.  Look  through this 
college  and  see if it is  not true of  its  students !  Are 
they as proficient public  speakers as  they ought to  be 
or  might  reasonably  expect  to  be  with  an  average 
amount  of  training? 

The especial province of  this  college is  to  teach the 
scientific  studies  and  their  apulication,  yet  in  addi 
tion  to  this  it  proposes  to  teach  the  student  those 
branches  "which  cultivate his taste ancl  enable  him 
to  give  expression  to  his  knowledge  and  opinions." 
The  present  course in English  composition is  a  good 
one. 
'l'he required  critical  essays  give  an insight to 
the peculiarites  of  style  of  different  authors  besides 
making one  better acquainted with English literature, 
but that parfof the rhetorical work which is intended 
to  aid in giving expression to thoughts is  not thorough 
enough.  The freshman's  declamations do  not receive 
the  proper  amount  of  preparation,  which  is  clue  to 
lack  of  interest, in turn clue  to  his  not  knowing  the 
importance of  this kind of  instruction.  This need of 
better  training is  seen  daily in the  class-room  where 
the  student either  follows  the  text or  blunders in the 
recitation.  It  would  not  be  so  with  an  increased 
vocabulary of  words  so  that  their  language might be 
pointed  or with an easy feeling  while  reciting,  so  that 
they  might  be  energetic,  for  one  may  write  ever  so 
well,  yet, if,  in the  delivery,  his  time is given to posi 
tion and  gesture  he  will  fail  in  expression.  During 
the first  year a  large  amount of  the time set aside for 
rhetoricals  should  be  given  to  declamations  with the 
idea in view  of  strengthening the  memory and in giv 
ing them this graceful  appearance while speaking. 

The argument that farmers  do  not require this kind 
of  education is  a,s  false  on  the  face  of  it as it is  con 
It is  important  that  the 
temptible  to  advance  it. 
coming farmer should be  educated and that, too,  over 

,  . 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

7 

a  large range of  topics, but it is equally important that 
he  should be able to  impart those principles  as  effect 
ually  as  possible.  No  other  class  of  people  are  in 
such  want  of  it,  and  to  meet  this  almost  universal 
neecl  THE  SPECULUM  proposes tliat a  thorough  course 
of  elocution  be  added to  the college  curriculum. 

DR.  CALDWELL,  in  an  article  on  Agricultural  Col 
leges,  in a  recent  number  of  the  Rural  Jew  Yorker 
refers  to  our  college  as the  most  successful  one  of 
the  kind  established  in  any  State.  Similar  high 
praise  is  granted  to  our  institution  by  Secretary W. 
I.  Chambel'lain  in  the  same  paper  for  March  24th, 
of  the  current  volume.  Secretary  Chamberlain,  in 
an  open  letter  to  the  Legislature  of  Ohio,  widely 
circulated  in  the  papers  of  that  State,  dwells ·more 
at  length  on  the  excellence  of  this  college  and  the 
methods  which  have  been  adopted  to  bring  it  to 
the  front.  The  above  expre  sions  only  voice  the 
general  sentiment of  agricultural  writers  throughout 
the  country . 

What  is  it that has given  to  our college  this proud 
position  among  the  colleges  of  this  class?  It is, 
plainly,  the  actual  demonstration  that  graduates  of 
an  agricultural college  can be induced, if  the  proper 
training  be  given,  to  return  to  the  farm. 

No  praise,  however  eloquent,  will  so  commend one 
of  these  colleges  to  the  agricultural  classes,  as  the 
fact  that  its  graduates  do  become  farmers.  That 
one-half  of  our  alumni  do  become  actual  tillers  of 
the  soil,  and  a  considerable  fraction  of  the  remain 
der own  and manage farms,  in  a  way  to  win  general 
respect,  is  unquestionably what gives  us  onr prestige. 
Other  colleges  have  as  able  professors,  more  costly 
apparatus,  and  far  more  extensive  libraries.  Ours 
alone  educates  any  considerable  number  of  actual 
farmers. 

Why  does  our  college  win  in  this  most  desirable 

feature  while  the  other  similar  institutions  fail? 

Doubtless  one  important  reason  is  tllat  we  have 
its  kindred  departments  of 
kept  agricultural  and 
labor in the front ground.  Those colleges which have 
extensiYe  courses  in  engineering,  the  classics,  and 
what  ever  else  makes  up  a  great  university,  may 
win  students,  and a  great  name,  but  they  will  never 
flood  the  country  with  cultured farmers.  Alack  the 
clay,  when  our  college  introduces  even  tlie mechanic 
arts,  farther  than  is  necessary  to  make  skillful 
farmers.  The  makers  of  steam  engines,  and  the 
holders  of  the  plow,  will  not,  we  believe, fraternize. 
The  neat  polish  of  the  turning  lathe  can  but  work 
discontent  in  the  minds  of  the  youth  fresh  from 
the  ditch  or  the  compost,  in  the  susceptible  period 
before  mature  judgment  guides  the  mind  to  more 
just  conclusions.  Tradition,  the  press,  in  fact  the 
very  atmosphere  of  our· time  makes  it  imperatiYe 
that  we  keep  our  eye  single  to  agriculture  and  its 
interests  would  we  maintain  our  prestige .  Hence a 
institution  was  wisely  created.  Equal 
separate 
wisdom  has  kept  other  industries  than  those  relat-

ing to  agriculture away.  Wise  councils  will  be  slow 
to  vary  the  conduct  of  affairs  in  this  respect in  the 
future . 

The  second,  and  equally  weighty  reason  that  we 
show  such a  favorable  record,  comes  from  our  labor 
system . 
'l'hree  hours  of  actual  manual  labor  so 
directed  as  to  be  productive,  keeps  the  student  in 
sympathy  ·with  labor,  so  that  going  on  to  a  farm 
at  the  close  of  his  school  life,  is  not  like  springing 
from  a  precipice.  Withhold all manual labor during 
the  years  of  student  life,  and  there  is  developed  a 
habit  of  mind  no  less  than  muscle,  which  makes 
farm  life  distasteful,  and  generally  in  the  >ery  few 
cases  where  it  is  adopted unsuccessful.  Book  farm 
ers  are often worthy the ridicule they receive,  through 
no  fault  of  the books  however.  Our  college has fully 
<lemonstratecl  that  while  this  manual  labor  is  no 
obstacle, but the rather a help to the  best mental effort 
ancl  progress,  it  builds  up  such  habits  of  thought, 
taste,  and  physical  ac.tivity  as  impel  towards  the 
farm,  rather  than drive  from it. 

That  the  graduates,  especially  the  older  ones, 
appreciate  this  fact  is  seen  in  the  vehement  attack 
which  they  made  upon  the  idea of  a  change of time 
in vacations,  at the last alumni meeting as endanger 
ing  this  most  vital  feature  of  our  college.  Every 
true  friend  of  our  college,  student,  graduate,  or 
officer,  recognizes  the  transcendent  importance  of 
this  characteristic of  our institution, and if  thought 
ful  will  clo  all  in  his  power  to  promote  its  well 
being. 

In the  early  years  of 

the  college  with  its  few 
students,  the  managing  of  the  labor  was  compar 
tively  simple and  easy.  With  our  greatly  increased 
numbers,  this  is  no  longer  true.  To  secnre  the 
greatest  success  two  things  are  imperative: 
:First, 
time  and  pains  to  instruct  each  student  in 
more 
every  manual  operation  of  the  farm  ancl  garden; 
each  student should be  shown  personally just bow to 
handle  a  plow,  to  manipulate  a  hoe,  and  to  swing 
an  axe,  no  less  than  to  lay  tile,  to  plan  buildings, 
and to feed  ancl  breed thoroughbred stock.  Secondly, 
there  should  be  ample  supenision  so  that  the  pro 
fessors  ·should  have  time  to  thoroughly  accomplish 
the  aboYe  "·ork,  as  the  first  depends  on  the second. 
This matter of  competent  supervision is  one of  para 
mount  importance.  As  we  understand,  Professors 
Johnson  and  Satterlee  are  united  in  a  plan  which 
promises  such  relief  that  hereafter  tlie  instruction 
It is  this:  For the first  three  years 
can  be  given. 
of  the  course,  the  students  are  to  understand  that 
faithful  service,  studious  attention 
to  instructions 
in  manipulation,  and  aptness  and  skill  in  their 
work  "l>ill  secure  the  position of  foreman  when  they 
reach  their  senior  year,  with  extra  remuneration. 
Thus  the  added  supervision  will  be  at  hand,  which 
of  itself  will  be  Yaluable  discipline for the  students. 
The  honor  and  extra  recompense  will be  a  constant 
incentive  to  the  best  effort  all  through  the  course. 
The  relief  giYen  to  the  professors  in  charge  of  the 

8 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

work  will  permit  the  desirable  instruction  in  all 
the various manipulations of the garden and farm.  As 
fewer  foremen will  ha Ye to  be employed,  there >rill  be 
funds  at  command  to  pay the extra  amount  for  the 
snpenision,  which  would  need  to  be  but  a  small 
amount.  Surely,  if  this  scheme  can  be  realized  it 
-'·ill  be  another  triumph  for  our  labor  system . 

One  other  feature  is  just  adopted.  There  is  to 
be  no  excuse from  work  except such as woulcl  excuse 
from  class.  And  when  the  work  is  insufficient,  all 
are  to  be  excused  a  "[lart  of  the  time,  and  no  one 
all the time.  This,  too,  is greatly to  be  commended. 

The fresh man  class shows a  total matriculation of G3. 
'l'he Juniors are making a  thorough study  of  the cat. 
Tb ere was a  marked improvement  in  student labor last term. 

Let the good work go on. 

We are ofad  to note an  improvement  in  the  condition  of  the 

road between the  College and Lansing. 

Mr.  L.A. Ross of the  freshman class cut his foot quite severely 

several weeks ago.  He is just getting about again. 

Dr. Kedzifl  "hangs his  banner on the outer wall."  The  sign 

over the door or the chemical laboratory is very neat. 

The college asks of the State  57,822 this year.  This includes 
$18,000  for  a  mechanical  department,  and  a  small  sum for  an 
instructor in  "military science." 

A  short time  ago we found  an  old  piece  of  white cloth with a 
It brought back the stirring 

dust pan printed in black upon  it. 
times of  the  "anti dust pan campaign." 

There is a  marked improvement in the conduct of  students at 
meals  under  the  new  boarding  system.  The change from  the 
rattle  and  disorder  of  the  old  dining  room is a  most agreeable 
one. 

We  understand  that an  effort  will  be made to form  a  College 
orchestra.  We hope it will succeed.  There are plenty of musi 
cians wasting their sweetness on  the  desert  air.  Let  them  be 
organized. 

Several students claiming to have  no  other home besides  the 
College,  attempted  to  vote  at Okemos  last  fall  but  were  not 
allowed to do so. 
Is there no  law  to  cover  this  case?  A man 
must live somewhere. 

The State Board of Agriculture met at the College shortly after 
the opening of the term.  They re-organized with Hon. Franklin 
Wells as chairman.  The new  members are  Hon .  David Rising, 
and Hon.  Henry Chamberlain. 

Under the new boarding  system  the  groceries are purchased 
at  wholesale  in  Detroit,  and  milk,  butter  and  vegetables  are 
obtained  from  neighboring  farmers.  The  business  is divided, 
one steward  buying nll the meat, another all the vegetables,  and 
a  third all the  groceries. 

Who is this gentleman in such a brown study?  Is  he  a  poet? 
Is  he  a  philosopher  thinking  out  some  world  startling 
No. 
theory?  No. 
Is he a  defeated  candidate for  the Senate?  No, 
my child, be is the steward of a  boarding  club.  He is wondering 
what be will have for  dinner. 

Scene in  Logic:  Professor.  "Does the  effect  ever  come be 
fore  the cause?"  Senior.  (after a  thoughtful pause),  "Yes sir." 
Professor.  "Name  an  instance."  Senior.  (suddenly  remem 
bering  his  work  on  the  horticultural  department),  "When  I 
wheel a  wheelborrvw  before me." 

It .is highly probable that a  very strong College  base  ball club 
will  be  formed  this  year.  Students  are enthusiastic  over  the 
project,  and it is doubtful  if  the  College  ever  possessed  better 
material for  such a  club than at present.  A meeting will soon be 
held  to complete an  organization. 

The  Seniors  elect€'d 

their  elass  officers I ast  fall  as  follows: 
President  D.  C.  Holliday,  Jr.,  Vice  President  H.  W.  Baird, 
Secretary E.  J.  Fletch1'r,  Treasurer  H.  A.  Danville,  Jr.,  Orator 
W.  A.  llablke,  Poet H.  W.  Collingwood,  Historian H .  C.  :Kixon, 
Prophet  J.  I.  Breck,  Si!ttistician  M.  St.  John,  Toast-master 
Eugene Law. 

We  do  not  remcmbc1·  a  tiwe  in  the past four years when  the 
students  have  preserved  better order than  at  present.  Much 
has  been  mid  against  the  "students' organization," and  yet we 

bolic,-e it has been,  and  can  still  be  made a  success.  Persons 
who criticise  the  conduct  of  our  students,  do  not  think  or  the 
conduct of students at other collegt's. 

The steward  of a  c  rtain  boarditi<r  club recently discornrcd  a 
defective drain  in  close  proximity  to  his  kitchen. 
It "·as evi 
dently a  very defective  drain,  and  one  that called  for  immediate 
action.  The alarm was sounde l  and  in  a  s'1ort  time  the entire 
engineering department appcarncl  upon  the seen€'.  With tremb 
ling haste the sanitarian  reformers  tore up  the  floor  and found, 
folded  in  the embrace of death a-m1is decumcmns. 

The statement of  College  expenditures  in  the circular issued 
last winter is  the  fairest  \\"C  have  vet seen.  Whv would  it not 
be a  good  plan  to settle  this  vexed. question  by  stating what it 
has  cost  students  in  the  past  to  complete  the  course.  For 
instance,  quoting from  the statistics of the last class we  find  the 
average  expense  to  be  763  for  the  course,  or about  190  per 
year.  Tho  least  economical  student  went  through  for  1,200 
or  300  per year,  and  the  most  economieal  for  "550,  or  about 

140  per year. 
Readers of the  last  SPECULUJII  will remember  an·  article stat 
ing tha,t  an addition  to  the  price  of  board  had  been made,  and 
asking why it  had  been  clone.  Last  fall  a  committee  was np 
pointcd  to  investigate  the  matter.  They  fouud  that the extra 
25  cents per week  bad  been  added  to  pay  a  debt contracted 
during the fall  term of 1881.  The  steward's  books show that if 
the full  amount had been  eharged  to the students  at  that  time, 
board  would  have  been  over  4  per  week.  The late  steward 
was very popular  with  students,  but  his  administration  cannot 
be said to have been an economical one. 

The old plan of  selecting  commencement  orntors by  lot,  has 
always  caused  more  or  less  dissatisfaction.  It has seemed  as 
if the  College went blindly searching  in  a  hat  for  men  to repre 
sent her.  The seniors determined to try and change the  system 
of selection.  They petitioned the faculty lai;t fall  to grant them 
the  privilege of selecting the orators themselves.  This  seemed 
fair as the class provides· the  entertainment  and  pays  the  ex  
penses.  The class proposed  taking two  men  from  each of the 
four literary societies  in  College.  The faculty  refused  to grant 
the petition, but  submitted a  new  plan of their own,  which  was 
agreed to  by  the  class.  Each  member of  the  faculty  selects 
from  the  members  of  the  class  who  have  completed  all  back 
exercises,  the eight men who have in  his  opinion  done  the best 
work in  his  own  department.  The  names  appearing  on  the 
greater  number  of  lists  are  selected  for  the  orators. 
The 
orators  for  this  year  are,  H.  W.  Baird,  A.  M.  Bamber,  L.  A. 
Buell,  W.  F.  Hoyt,  A.  F.  Kinnan,  J .  T.  Mathews,  F.  F.  Rogers, 
and  C.  M.  Weed.  This list scorns to give general satisfaction. 

THE  CLUB  SYSTEJ\I.-Students who were in college at the time 
THE  SPE  ULUJII  was started will  remember that it was in acer 
tain sense the  outgrowth  or  the  trouble concerning board.  At 
the second indignation meeting held in the chapel THE SPECULUM 
the 
was  first  proposed,  and  at  each  subsequent  meeting 
paper was  discussed  and at last started.  It is not strange that 
the paper attacked the old  system  of boarding.  Hardly a  num 
ber has been printed that does not  contain  a  plea for  some new 
boarding  plan  by  which  students  might  secure  good  board  at 
fair  prices. 
It is  with  peculiar  pleasure  therefore  that  we 
announce that the efforts of  THE  SPECULUM  in this line, at least, 
have met with  success.  During  the  greater  part of last term, 
the question of changing the manner of boarding  was  consitler 
ably discussed by the sLUdents.  It bad become evident to many 
that tho old  plan was  both expensive and unhealthy.  The high 
price  of  board  was  evidently driving  students  away from  the 
College,  and many of  those who  remained  were much dissatis 
fied  with  the quality of the food .  It was  evident that a.  change 
was necessary.  The  only  practical  change  seemed  to  be  the 
adoption in  some form  of the club system of boarding.  Various 
plans  were  proposed,  such  as  class  clubs,  society  clubs,  etc., 
but none met with entire favor.  At last at a  general meeting of 
students a  committee was  appoiuted  to look  the matte1· up,  and 
suggest some plan  for  division  of  the  students.  After several 
meetings and much discussion,  the report of the committee was 
accepted,  and a  constitution  drawn  up  by them  adopted.  The 
State  Board of Agriculture  consented to  the change,  and made 
the necessary changes  of  rooms  with  the  money  derived  from 
the sale of  the  College  furniture.  They  appointed a committee 
consisting  of  Pres.  Abbot, Dr.  Kedzifl,  and  Prof.  Carpenter,  to 
have general o,·ersight of the system.  The State Board deserve 
the  thanks  of  the  students  for  their  acLion.  The division of 
students was left to a committee elected for the purpose.  It was 
agreed that no society or no class should  control any club.  Each 
club was to  elect a  steward who  should  have charge of  the busi 
ness management,  and  be  responsible to an auditing  cowrnittee" 
of  three  members.  Five  clubs  were  organized  and  stewards 
elected  as  follows:  Club  "A"  A.  M.  Bamber,  "B" H.  W.  Col 
lingwood,  "C" R. l\I. Hemphill, Jr.," D"  C.  C.  Lillie,  "E" M.  St 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

Juhn.  The stewards were  elected  011  the  last  day  of  the fall 
term,  and  the students  went away,  many  of them it is feared, 
wondering  how  the  whole  thing  would  turn  out.  During  the 
winter the rooms  were arranged  under the eye  of Prof.  Carpen 
ter.  The  old  dinino- room is now divided  by wooden partitions 
into three rooms.  The  armory has  also  been divided,  and now 
serves for  two  clubs.  Much  praise  is  due  Prof.  Carpenter for 
the energ-y  with  which  he  pushed  the  work to its  accomplish 
ment.  At  the  opening  of  the  spring  term  three  club;;  were 
started.  One  more  was  started  at  the  end  of tw0 weeks,  and 
the last one week later.  There are now 30 students in eac:1 club. 
Of course  this system is as yet only  an experiment.  Of  course 
we have seen only the pleasant side thus far,  but up to the prcs 
()nt  time it  has  surely  been  a  decided  success. 
It seems  to 
include the two points  for  which  students have striven so long. 
The food  being  pre1  ared in  smaller  quantities  is  of far better 
quality,  and  a  person  directly  interested  has  charge  of  the 
finances.  The students have no  excuse if they are cheated now. 
Board thus far  has  varied  from  2.35  to  '2. 75  per week.  Stu 
dents seem to prefer good  board at a  fair price,  to an attempt to 
reduce the  price at the expense  of  their  stomach.  Everything 
seems to favor  the new system,  but  the  students must remem 
ber that the success of  the  enterprise depends to a  large extent 
upon  themselves. 

'1' 1rn  Etlitor of  this Dcpnrtmcnt desires the cnrnest co .operntiou of 
the alum11i in nil.ling him  to  fill  these  columns with  interesting  items. 
Gn·c occnpat.ion  since  grncluaLion, whnt  offices  held,  whet.her  mnrricd 
or uot, etc.  Let this receive 1n·ompt attention from e,·ery nlumnns. 

Wm.  H.  Smith,  '75,  is now at Cedar  Springs,  Mich. 
E.  D.  Millis,  '82,  is foreman  of  the  Horticultural  department. 
F.  E.  Skeels,  '78,  is the father of twin babies,  a  boy  and  girl. 
C .  B.  Charles,  '79,  is master of the Van Buren county  Grange. 
R.  B.  Barber,  three  years  with '82,  is  slowly  recovering  his 

health. 

Geo.  A.  Royce,  '75,  is clerk to  the committee on  judiciary this 

session. 

"Vet"  Share tallies lumber at Ludington, Mich.  Ho  was once 

with '81. 

T.  F.  l\'Iillspaugh,  '82,  is clerking in  a  drug  store  at Walden, 

New York. 

Henry H .  Jenison,  '(;7,  is a  member  of  the  present  Michigan 

legislature. 

C.  B.  Plummer,  '82,  is  running a  saw mill  at  Boyne,  Charlc  

''oix county. 

Chas.  S.  Crandall, '73,  is engaged in  manufacturing at Harbor 

Springs,  Mich. 

Joseph A.  Horton,  '76,  is a  farmer  at  Osceola,  Cassia county, 

Idaho Territory. 

Thomas  H .  Rees,  once  with '85,  now  at  West  Point,  stands 

forth in his class. 

A.  H.  Voight  is  working  for a  large furniture  firm  at  Los 

Angelos,  California. 

John R.  Shelton,  '82, is a  clerk in the office of the  Secretary of 

State, Lansing,  Mich. 

D .  C.  Oakes,  '74,  is deputy county clerk of Ionia county.  His 

address is Lyons,  Mich. 

J.  S.  Gray,  formerly a  student  in this college,  is  a  member of 

the Michigan legislature. 

W.  H.  Goss,  '82,  is  farming  at  Bangor,  Mich.  He  wins  the 

class cup of '82  if rumor is true. 

E.T. Wood, for one  year  with '84, has  just graduated  at  llfay 

hew's Business  College,  Detroit. 

Will  S.  Holdsworth,  '78,  is  a  designer  and  dra::ghtsman  at 

No.  157  LaSalle St.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Carl  V.  Hinman,  '78,  is  junior  member  of  the firm  of  Ross & 

Hinman, druggists,  Portland,  Mich. 

A.  L.  Bemis,  for  two  years with  '83,  is  canvassing  for  "The 

Heart of the World," at Scranton,  Pa. 

W.  S.  Hough,  once with the  boys  of  '83,  is  president  of  the 

junior class in  tho  Michigan  university. 

R.  D.  Sessions,  ''i8,  was elected  county clerk  of  Ionia  co;mty 

on the Republican  ticket last November. 

E.  E.  Vance,  for over two  years with  '82,  has returned to col 

lege  this term,  and will graduate with '84. 

N.  P.  Graham,  for  more than  three  years a  member of '79,  is 

teaching school in the Yillage  of Manton,  Mich 

W.  J.  I  rice,  once a  popular steward at tho college,  is a  travel 

ing agent for  Christiancy  &  Co.,  Grand Rapids. 

H.  E.  Emmons,  '78,  is still doing a  thriving business as a  flour 

and feed  merchant,  47  Congress street  west,  Detroit. 

Will Norton,  once a  member of '75,  is prosecuting att.orncy or 

Charlevoix county.  He is located  at Boyne  City,  :Mich. 

W.  K.  Prudden, '78,  was married Jan.  3rd to Miss Birdie Whit 

ney of Lansing.  THE  8PECUL  M  sends congratulations. 

S.  M.  McKee,  formerly  with '84,  is attending school at Oberlin 

at present.  He goes to  Minnesota to spend the summer. 

Everest Dyckman,  once with '78,  st.ill  leads  a  bachelor  life  at 

South Haven,  Mich .,  where he is engaged in fruit farrniDg. 

E.  0.  Ladd,  '78,  is father of  the first boy born  to any member 

of the class.  The young  lad  was born  November 28,  1882. 

Frank  L.  Carpenter,  '73,  lately  spent  a  day  visiting  the 

college.  He is  a  successful lawyer in  Grand Rapids,  Mich. 

W.  D.  Place,  '68,  runs  a  large  farm  about  three  miles  out of 

Ionia,  and dispenses  "pure  milk"  to the  inhabitants  within: 

L.  W.  Hoyt, '82,  is  at  present in  the  employ of Robinson  and 

Lacey, New  Orleans,  La.  His address is 188  Gravicr  street. 

0. P.  Gulley,  '79,  has  charge  of  the  Gulley  farm,  Dearborn, 

Mich.  He is successful,  contented,  still a bachelor and happy. 

Wm.  H.  Coffron,  '82,  spent  the  fall and  winte1· at the college 
as an  assistant in  chemistry.  He is now at North Branch, Mich. 
Enos  Northrop,  who took a  special course at the college in '79, 
was recently married to  a  very estimable  lady at  Mason,  Mich. 
Sherm.  Upton,  '81,  did  a  good  business  at portrait painting in 
Paw Paw  last season.  Has  not made his plans for  future  work 
yet. 

Frank Wells,  once with '73,  has given  up  the hotel business at 
Harbor Springs,  lVIich.,  and will soon  go  to  Ohio  on  a  pleasure 
trip. 

John  F.  Evert,  '82,  bas  just  finished  a  successful  term  of 
school  at Moore Park,  l\lich.  He will engage in farming for the 
summer. 

A.  E.  Ball, for  a  time with the class of '81, is a  very successful 
farmer of Iroquois,  Dakota.  Was  married last  fall  to a  lady of 
that place. 

C.  P .  Cronk,'79. who has been in the Signal Service department 
at Washington for nearly a  year,  will  soou  take  bis station  at 
Cape Henry. 

Will E.  Bale,  '82,  is at.  home  on  the  farm .  During the  past 
winter he had charge  of the experiments  in  feeding  ensilage at 
this College. 

M.  S.  and W.  L.  Thomas,  '79,  have sold  their  fine  farm  near 
De  atur, and  will remove  to Dakota, where they have purchased 
a  large  farm. 

Charles W.  Crossmnn,  '82,  has  canvassed  during  the  winter 
for  a  book entitled  "The Great West."  His  address  is  Benton 
Harbor,  Mich. 

Elliott  Langley,  for  OYer  a  year  with  '82,  was  at  "·ork  at 
Cadillac,  Mich.,  for  a  short time  this winter, but has returned to 
Grand Rapids. 

· 
N.  A.  Earle,  who  was a  special student  in  chemistry for  some 
time,  is making  a  good  reputation  as  attorney at  law in  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich. 

Geo.  E .  Breck,  '78,  is junior member of the law firm,  Crane & 
Breck,  of Paw Paw.  He has a  large law practice and is in every 
way  successful. 

J.  W.  Macklem,  once with '78,  has closed out  his law business 
at Minden,  and is  uow junior partner in a  prosperous law firm  at 
Lexington,  Mich. 

L.  A.  Lilly,  '77,  has  removed  from  Allegan,  Mich,  to  New 
Sharon,  Iowa,  at which  place  he  took  charge  of  a  lar;.;e  stock 
farm,  February 1st. 

C.  J.  Strang,  '78,  is located at Keelersville, Van Buren county, 
as  pastor  of  the  (;ongrcgational  church.  His  congregation 
s, eak highly  of  him. 

A.  J.  Chappell,  '82, has  entered  into  an  engagement  for  one 
year as deputy county surveyor  in  Moutcalrn  county.  His ad  
dress is McBricles,  Mich. 

Ira B.  Gage,  class of '76,  is spendin 00  the winter at his father's 
at  Dowagiac,  Mich.  He has  been engaged in  wheat farming  in 
Dakota for the past year. 

R.  H .  Gulley,  class of '78,  is  principal of  the  Dea.rborn  public 
schools,  and  is very attentive to a  very  p1·etty lady  whom rumo1· 
says he may one clay  wed. 

10 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

Mrs.  l\I.  J.  C.  Merrell,  '  1,  rejoicPs in  an  addition of two to her 
family,-ber  father  aud  mother-who  will hereafter  divide  her 
sorrows,  and double her  joys. 

"Jake "  Hollingsworth,  '!i2,  is foreman or Riggs' fruit and seed 
farm,  Francisco,  Mich.  He  has  engaged  for  a  year,  and  will 
make it his home if he likes it. 

L.  B .  Walton,  one  year  with  '  4,  has  been  farming-,  since he 
left college,  near  Attica.  Lapeer  couuty.  He  was  married  last 
November to l\Iiss Hattie West. 

R.  Haigh,  Jr.,  '69,  is  gh•ing  bis  attention  to  life  insurance 
work, at South HaYen,  l\Iich.  His family  has been spending the 
winter  at Nashville,  T ennessee. 

J ohn  Sht"rman,  formerally  with  class  or '8 1, is  senior  partn  r 
of the firm  of  Sherman Bros',  Ludington, Mi ch.  They arc gen 
eral stationers and book  sellers. 

Sam L ong,  for two years with '76,  was married  last year.  H e 
is  a  farmer at Dearborn, Mich.  Has a  pretty home,  and  is  the 
happy  father of a bouncing baby  bor. 

W.  I.  Lillie,  '81,  has  been  teaching  a  winter  school  nt Denni 
son,  Mich .  He returns to  Grand  HaYcn  to  continue  tho  study 
of law in the office  or Geo.  A.  Farr,  '70. 

Frank  S.  KPdzie,  '77,  at the  ·lose or last  fall 's t erm  wont on  n 
hunting expedition to  'ortbern Michigan .  H e saw a  great rnaJ1y 
"fresh tracks," but did not find  the bem·. 

S.  W.  Duncomb,  who left  his  class  to  enlist in  '62,  is United 
SLates Land  Commissioner  at  Aberd ee n,  Dakota.  He  bas  a 
large property in  Van  Buron  county,  :Mich. 

Frank J.  Annis,  '75,  is doing a  fl ourishing law bu  iness  at Fort 

Collins,  Colorado.  H e  is a  member of tho  tinn or Haynes,  Dun 
ning and  Annis,  of  Fort Collins,  and  Greeley. 

Will  SlOS$,  '76,  has recently been  made  partner in  a  hardware 

firm  at Big  l~apid s.  He  was  married l\Iarch  G to Miss  Ida Wil 
cox,  daughter of tho senior  member of the lirm. 

J.  S.  P a rd ee,  '78,  graduated at th e  Ru  b  Medical  College last 
year.  H e  is located- at New  Troy.  Berrien  county,  and ls  hav 
ing a  good practice. 

·was  married last October. 

James Troop,  '78,  has  just  r eturned  from  Han·ard  where he 
has been taking a special cou rse in botany.  Htl will have charge 
of the  horticulture experiments  for  ruiotbcr y ear. 

F .  C.  Smith,  once  with  the  boys  of '82,  o-ocs  to  Dakota  this 
spring.  Ho  has engaged as a  s urveyor,  Wages from  sL""<  to  ten 
dollars  per day,  and  board about the $ame per week. 

W.  W.  Palmer ,  '81,  has  r ecently  purchased  a  large  farm  at 
Garrison,  Benton  county ,  Iowa,  which  he  will  make  his  future 
hom e.  Ho  intends to  make a  specialty of stock raising. 

W.  H .  Bristol,  formerly  with  '83,  will  complete  the  junior 
year in  the law department this month.  He will spend the vaca 
tion at East Saginaw in  the oJTicc of  Holden and Kendricks. 

B.  S.  Palmer,  '81,  graduates from  the dental department of the 
University  the comini:r  commencement.  H e  is  president  of bis 
class.  He will return to  Pawl aw  to practice his profession. 

Dr.  Byron D.  Halsted,  '71,  managing  editor  of  the  American 
Agriculturalists, was  married  last summe r  to a  lady of Pas  aic, 
New York,  and now resides at that pleasant  'ew  York suburb. 

W.  H.  J a kway s,  '76,  is  teaching  at  Terre  Coupee,  Ind.  Ho 
has followed  that profession since  graduating,  with  the  excep 
tion of one year.  Has taught fifty months since leaying college. 

Mason  Gray,  '77,  has ente1·ed into  a  partnership with  Dr.  L e  
Baron of  Pontiac.  H e  has built  up  a  good  practice,  and is fast 
gaining popularity in  that  flourisbiug  litllc  city  as a  successful 
M.  D. 

W.  B.  Kirby,  of '84,  will not return  to  college this year, having 
accepted a  position in  the  bank  of  Nesbitt  &  Miller.  8chool 
craft,  l\Iich.  Ho  now expects to return and complete the course 
with '85. 

Warren  A.  Wells,  '68,  is teaching a  select school at Vicksburg, 
Mich.  During th e  cold  weather in  January he was badly frozen 
while walking  from  Scott!"  to  Vieksburg,  an1l  has not  yet  fully 
recovered. 

W.  L.  Carpenter,  '75,  is meeting with good success in  tho law 
at Detroit.  He has  acquired tho  reputation or  being one of  the 
brigbest  and  most  thorou 0 h  of  the  younger  members  of  the 
D etroit bar. 

Chas.  W.  Gammon,  '79,  of Richland,  Cal., is  at present located 
at  Los Angelos,  where  he  is  s peculating  in  oranges.  He  will 
r emain  there about  throe  months.  He may possibly take a  trip 
cast this  fall. 

C.  R .  Dart,  '81,  who  entered  the  UniYcrsity  last  fall  to  take 
the course in  civil  engineering  was  olJliged  t o leave  after two 
months' study on  account of  ill  health.  He has  been  com·al 
escing at Petoskey. 

Prof.  S.  M.  Tracy,  '68,  has  been  Sccreta1·y  of the Mississippi 
Valley  Horticultural  8ociuty.  At a  recent  meeting  in  New 
Orleans,  La.,  he refused  r e -election  and  was  presented  with a 
handsome gold watch. 

Frank  Robson,  '78,  was  admitted  to the bar last fall.  He has 
been attending lectures in  the law  department of the University 
during  the past  winter,  and  takes  his  degree of  LL.  B.  at  the 
coming commencement. 

R.  L .  Frost,  once  with  '84,  the  man  who  used  to  talk  like  a 
steam  engine,  has been  making  steam  engines  at  the  Michigan 
Iron  Works,  Cadillac,  during  tho  last  fall  and  winter.  Ho  loft 
for New  Mexico this spring. 

J.  A.  Brig~s. '7'J,  went west  la.st fall  for  hi s  health,. locating at 
Denver,  Colorado,  whern  ho  has  opened  a  law  offic "  His 
disea  e  is an affection  of  the luno-s  and is very serious.  Ho  will 
make Denver his future home. 

The colle"c bas a  strong friend  and  supporter  in  the Legi  la 
ture this  session .  in  Senator  C.  J.  l\Ionroe,  of  South  Haven. 
Ho  was  a  member  of  the  first  class  1.hnt  entered,  but  only 
remained with them two years. 

F.  P.  Davis,  of the class of '68,  is  in  the  employ of the  Cana 
dian  Pacific Railway.  He hns char;!C of a  putty locating tho  line 
from  the summit of the Rocky l\J ountains eastwa rd .  Ho  expects 
to make l\lichigan  a  visit this  sprill"". 

Alva  ShenYood, '81,  has been teaching during the past winter. 

but bas  now r eturned  to tho farm at  ew  Troy,  l\lich.  He pre 
sented  a  paper  on  "Our Agricultural Colleges," at tho farmers' 
institute recently held in  that section . 

Martin T.  Rainier,  74,  has  been  ordained  as  pastor  of  the 
Congregational church,  and  is  now  stationed  at Clarion,  Iowa _ 
Martin will visit Michigan  this summer and  we  presume  he will 
enjoy  " pen insular apples," now as well as then. 

Capt.  Geo.  W.  Haigh, who was  with the first cla ss that entered 
the  col!ege,  but  who  left with  nearly  all  his  class mates to go 
to  the  war,  is  a  prosperous  farmer  near Manketo,  Minn esota_ 
He has a  son nearly  old enough to enter coll  gc. 

One of  the best articles following the Newhall House disaster. 
looking  toward  efficient  means of  escape  in  case  of  fire,  wus 
contributed  by  Eugene  Davenport,  class of '78,  to the Post and 
Tribune,  and has been copied in  many other papers. 

D.  S.  Lincoln,  '8 1,  is in  tho asylum  for  the  insane  at his own 
native city,  St.  Poters,  ~1innesota.  He is acting as attendant at 
present but will have charge of the floral department and grounds, 
and  vegetable and fruit gardens during the summer. 

R.  B.  Norton,  '79, is at present dealing in  thoroughbred  merino 
sheep at Henrietta,  T exas.  He  expects  to  close  out  his  shccp 
trade  this  summer  and  go to New Mex ico,  wh ere he will  again 
engnge in the stock business,  making cattle a  specialty. 

R.  l\'I.  Brooks, '73,  is farming at Wacousta, l\Iich.  Ho has just 
been fortunate  enough to secure a  pension from  the government. 
for injmies received in the late  war.  Good!  If any one clcscrvcs 
a  pension he docs,  for memories  of  Andersonville are  ever with. 
him. 

Cass Herrington,  for three  years  with  '78,  is ha,·lng  bis tasto 
of  political honors.  He was  e lected  circuit  court commissioner 
of  Oakland co unty at the last  election .  Cuss  is  popular and  his 
election  shows the nppreciation of his friends for bis energy and 
talent. 

W.  A.  R owe,  '73,  is farming  nl'nr  Mason,  l\Iicb.  He is secre 
tary  of the county  board  of  sehool  examiners.  Of  the  fifteen 
who graduated in  '73, be with  J.  L.  Morrice and F.  L.  Carpenter 
remain  unmarried.  Tho  rest haye  buried  their  woes  in  other 
bosoms. 

Jay R.  Monroe,  '78,  has r eturned from  Colorado where he  has 
been engngcd  in  mining  operations  for  sc,·cral  years,  and  has 
accepted a  position  in  the  first  national  ua11k  at  South  Haven, 
which  was  made  vacant  by  the  sad  death  of  0.  R.  Foote  last 
summer. 

J.  L.  H.  Knight,  '81,  has charge of a  largo  farm  belonging to 
bis father at L ee's Park,  Nebraska.  He  is  well  suited  with his 
western  homo,  and  would  advise  all  his  friends  who are not 
already pleasantly situated  to follow  bis example.  His address 
is Myrtle,  Neb. 

C.  A.  Dockstader,  '81,  has at last discovered a  business  suited 

to bis aesthetic taste,  and now he s ings 

"A magnet hung in  a  hardware shop, 
And  all  around was a  loving  crop," etc. 

He is in the office of a wholesale hardware firm at Cadillac, Mich., 
one  of  the  liveliest,  busiest,  most  flouri shing,  little  cities  of 
Northern  l\lichigan.  People  who live  in  the  slow-and -Pasy old 
settled towns have but little notion  of business life in th ese lum 
bering cities. 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

11 

Ray  Sessions,  '79,  has  been  farming  at  Maple  Rapids  since 
graduation.  He has given special attention to stock  raising.  He 
was married in 18  1,  but was  left  alone by  the death of his wife 
ten  months  after,  and is now living with his  brother who  owns 
the joining farm. 

C.  D.  Phelps,  '81,  entered  the  University last fall  to take the 
course in  ch·il  engineering,  hut  was  compelled  to  leave  aftC'r 
completing the  first  semester,  on  account  of  the failurc  of bis 
eyes.  Ho  will  rest ihem  during  the summer,  and try and com 
plete his course next year. 

Fort Collins  (Col.) papers speak in highest terms of commen 
dation of  the  superintendent  of  schools  in  that  city.  Saying 
that under his charge they  are  laking  new  departures  weekly 
toward  a  morn  complete  system.  W.  W.  Remington,  class of 
'SO,  ii;  this superintendent. 

Jay Sessions,  '74,  has given  up  the  practice  of  law at  Ionia, 
and  returned to his farm  with a  determination to make his occu 
pation a  success.  Stock r.aising receives his principal attention . 
Has a  happy  family  of  a  wife  and  one  daughter.  His  present 
address is  Maple  Rapids,  lliich. 

Ga.ylord  Thompson,  '82,  has  been  traveling  in  Pennsylvania 
and Missouri for a  Chicago firm  during  the  past fall and  winter, 
but having come to the conclusion that farming is his only natural 
calling,  he will devote ihe  surnmer  to  raising  the  standard  of 
agriculture  in  Oakland  county. 

Harry Wilcox,  '79,  has  been  teaching  during  the  past  winter 
at his home at Rochester,  Mich.  He was recently elected Pres 
ident of  the  Oakland  County  Teachers'  Association  which  is a 
good  inclorsement  of  his  success  as a  teacher.  Ho will  return 
Lo  the farm io spend the summer. 

W.  H.  Buq:rnss,  '81,  is  hard at work in  tho  law office  of  Avery 
Bros.,  Port Huron,  Mich.,  and will  be admitted to the bar during 
the summer.  He received  the Republican  nomination for Rep 
resentative  in  Sa.nilac  county,  but,  like  so  many  others,  was 
defeated by a  very small majority by fusion. 

John E.  Taylor,  '76,  since  the  last  issue  of  THE  SPECULUM 
has  traveled  through  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and  most  of 
Canada,  in  search  of  his  future  location,  but  has come to  the 
conclusion  that  Michigan  offers  the  best  opportuuities for  suc 
cess,  and can still be addressed  at Otisco,  Mich. 

Chas.  W.  Garfield, class of '70,  has  become associate editor of 
the  Grand  Rap~ds  "Daily  Democrat."  He continues bis  work 
as secretary orthe State Horticultural Society,  having organized 
a  number  of  county  societies  during the  winter.  He says the 
State society was never in a  niore flourishing  condition. 

Frank S.  Sleeper,  '68,  is  a  prosperous  farmer  at  Galesburg, 
Mich.  He does not care  enough  for  his  Alma  Mater to  take  a 
trip  to sec  her,  and docs  not attend any of  the  meetings of  tho 
alumni.  It is not often that  THE  SPECULUM  has to report such 
a  case as this,  uut nature is  over producing monstrosities. 

The series of arLicles on rural law which have  appeared  in  the 
late numbers of the  American  Agriculturist  have  met with such 
marked success that their author,  Henry A.  Haigh,  '74,  has  been 
induced to write a" Hand Book of  Law," for the  use of formers 
and mechanics.  The  Orange Judd  Co.  are to be the  publishers. 
F.  J.  Grover,  '74,  is practicing mfldicine  at Big Hapids, where 
he  has  been  since  July,  1880.  Has  a  constantly  increasing 
practice,  and is well satisfied with  his profession.  He is  physi 
cian and surgeon to Mercy  Hospital,  an  institution  that  cares 
for about a  thousand  patients  annually,  being  largely  surgica.J. 
cases. 

Will.  Farnsworth  is  a  staid  old  married  man  now.  It would 
do tho hearts of  the boys of  old '82  good  lo  see  this matured, 
mild-eyed  paternal,  dandling  bis  pink-eared  progeny  on  his 
knee.  Lo!  this  is the swag~ering Soph.  who once  upon  a  time 
concocted some of  the most  diabolical  schemes  the  work!  ever 
heard  of. 

E .  M.  Preston,  '62,  who is  president  of  the  Citizens' Bank at 
Nevada City,  Caliiornia,  has employed  his  leisure  hours  during 
tho past year in  writing  a  work  illustrative  of  the  scenes and 
events among the hydraulic gold  mines.  His business  interests 
reouire so  nrnch attention that he will be  unable to speedily com 
plete his  undertaking. 

A.  G.  Gulley,  '1i8,  who has been superintendent of  the nursery 
at South I-liwen  for  the  past  few  years,  started  for  the  west 
Febrnary 25th.  He  takes  charge  of  an  extensive  forest  tree 
nurser)' at Fresno,  Fresno county,  California.  His rngagement 
lasts for four years,  and if  suited with his  position  be will  m.ake 
the west his future  borne. 

AnJrcw  Burnett,  who  was  a  member  of  '84  for  nearly  two 
years,  is  the  bo  s  telephone  man.  To  see  him  flying  around 
these little towns  looking  after  new  lines,  staying  at  the  first 
class  hotels,  SJ!Joking  the  best cigars,  and  covering  half a  dozen 
chairs with  his lona: Crame.  one would imagine him to  be old Dell 
himselL  Burnett fa  all  solid. 

W.  0.  Fritz, '77,  completed  lbe  course of study at tbe  V<~lpar­
aiso business institnto last  No,·embcr.  Soon  after  he  rE'ceivod 
the appointment  of  farm  foreman  at  Purdue  University,  and 
reports himself  much  pleased  with  his  work  there.  He is con 
nected  with  the  experimental  departm ent,  and  is  rendering 
valuable services to  the Uni\~ersity . 

M.  S.  Lowder,  '72,  is very successful in his farming operations 
at Salem,  Iowa.  Last  year  was  a  poor  year,  but he  hopes [or 
better times in  ihe  future,  keeps in  good spirits,  and still ret.cins 
his  customary  weight  of  two  hundred  and  ten  pounds.  Has 
twenty heatl  or pure Shorthorns all  doing  finely.  Was married 
seven years ago,  and has two little girls. 

Emory  C.  White, wbo was a  member of the class of '82 for two 
years,  will graduate  at  Purdue  University with  the class of '83. 
He  is  at  present  instructor  in  book  keeping  at  that  place. 
Through his  exertions  the students of the  University have just 
succeeded in  oro-anizing  a  Natural History  Society, which in his 
workings will  be patterned  after om·  own. 

Beaumont  and  Dockstader  are  together  again.  They  are 
learni11g  to  play  the  flute.  And  the  suffering  boarders  of  the 
American House,  at  Cadillac,  l\Iich.,  are all leaving.  The pro  
prietor,  however,  will not .drive  away  the villainous  musicians, 
under Lile  vai11  delusion that  they may be  able  to  play duets for 
his summer boarders during  the next season. 

F.  W.  Hastings,  '78,  who  bas  been  postmastC'r  at  St.  Louis, 
Mich., for the last three years,  has resigned his office  on account 
of ill  health.  During that time  he  increased the  income  of  that 
office  from  1,100  to $2,000.  He has received  the appointment of 
U.  S.  postal ciork on the  line  between East Saginaw  and  Lake 
view  with  starting  point  at  St.  Louis.  He  is  recovering his 
health. 

0.  E .  Angstman, whom tho  boys of '75  will always remember 
for his  penchant for  the  use of carpenter tools,  still  pritles  him 
self in  hls ingenuity  in  that  kind  of  work.  Although  now  en 
gaged in  law  at  Monroe,  i\iich.,  his  office  al'd  house  are  filled 
with  cases,  cabinets,  etc.,  the  work  of  his own  bantls during 
leisure  hours.  His  recreation 
thus  turned  to  valuable 
account. 

is 

L.  B.  Hall,  '82,  thinks  of  g-oing  to Dakota  after  fmisbiDg  his 
year's school al Grattan.  When  he has seen the world,  acquired 
his fortune,  and  made a  few  otbor  arrangements  he  will  enter 
the law department of  the University.  His next stop will  be io 
get married,  but from  that point onward  his  fnture  he does not 
foretell.  Hall's friends say  that the order of  his  plans are likely 
to be just reversed. 

Linc.  Avery,  '82,  will  close  his  year·s  school  at  Brockway, 
Mich.,  in June,  after which  ho  wUl  commence  the stndv of law 
with  his  brother at  Port  Huron.  He  will enter the Uni\·et·sity 
nl'xt fall.  A very is  doing  good  work  as  a  member  or  the  St. 
Clair county  boarrl  of  school  examiners,  and  his  wide  spread 
po1  ulariiy,  combined  with  his  determination  to  succeed in his 
profession, is sure to  win  honor  for  himself and our  College  in 
his Yicinity. 

G.  \ \' .  Grover,  '81,  taught school the wiDtcr  after  graduating. 
In the spring  ho  became  proprietor of  a  drug store at Concord, 
Mich.,  where ho  remained for about four months.  Ho th ell  sold 
out  and  "loafed"  the  remainder  of  the  summer.  Has  been 
teaching  the  past  winter  near  Jackson.  Expects  to  go into a 
railroad  office  in  the  spring.  George  evidentiy  iDtends  to 
acquaint himself witb all the  occupations  so  as  to  be prepared 
for any emerge11cy. 

L.  H.  Bailey,  Jr.,  '82,  is  very  a!{reeably  sitnatod  as assistant 
in  the  herbatfoms and uotanic gardens of  Harvartl  Univorsity 
the finest institutions of their  kind on this side o[ the globe.  He 
secured  the  position  through  tbe  recommendation of  Dr.  Beal. 
He  began operations  there  Jan.  1st.  Previous  to that time  he 
was  one  of  the  local  stali  of  the  Springfield,  Ill.,  "Aforning 
Monitor."  SPECULUM  readers  will remember Mr.  Bailey as its 
first editor-in-chief. 

S.  M.  Millard,  '64,  although  a  prominent  lawyer  in  Chicago, 
still retains  his  love  for  agricultural  pu rsuits,  amusiDa:  himself 
with  architecture,  landscape,  etc.  He has a homo  twenty-three 
miles north  of  the city,  at Highland Park,  and  the  bluff  where 
be bas large grounds,  and enjoys his lawns and flower bods.  He 
is trustee and a  member of  the  executive  board o[  the  "Illinois 
Industrial University," one of  thfl  most successful schools of the 
kind  in  the country. 

Charles A.  Jowell,  '62,  is head  salcsnran  in  a  wholl'sale  hard 
ware store  at  Springfield,  ;\Jo.,  where  he  rernoved  two  years 
ago in  hopes of restoring the failing  health  of  his  wife.  But the 
climate proved of no  avail, and  we  are pained to learn of her death 
from  consnmption,  which  occurred  last  September.  On  going 
to  Springfield  Mr.  Jewell  leased  his  fine  farm  and  property  in 
Adrian for  a  term  of  five  years,  which  is  the  reason  for  his 
remaining  away.  He will  return  to  his  agricultural  pursuits at 
the expiration of that time . 

• 

12 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM. 

for  all improvements. 
point you will confer a  great personttl  favor. 

If you  will  kindly  enlighten  me  on  this 

Very respcctfull!, 

E.  D. 

DR.  KEDZIE'S  REPLY. 

There are many causes which contribute to  making 
maple sugar of  a  dark  color,  such  as  old  and discol 
ored buckets and  storetroughs, the  soluble  materials 
washed from the bark by rain and carried into  the  sap 
during a  long storm, the influence of  burning or cara 
melizing the sugar  on  the  sides  of  the  kettle  or  pan, 
which  converts  some  of  the sugar  into a  deep  brown 
substance that will  color a  large amount of  sugar. 
·  Most  persons  recognize  the  fact  that  brown  and 
discolored wooden  vessels,  and  burning  the sugar on 
the  sides  of  the  pan  will  darken  the  sugar. 
I  turn 
my attention to  another cause which E. D.  has called 
out in his letter.  Atmospheric  oxidation  and especi 
ally the influence  of  the  most  active  oxidizing agent, 
ozone,  seems to  convert a  small amount of  sugar into 
a  coloring  agent  of  considerable 
intensity,  and 
imparts  a  brown  color  to  maple sugar as  ordinarily 
made.  The coloring in part takes place  Lefore  evap 
oration, when the sap  is  stored  for  any  time,  and in 
part during  the  boiling.  It is  well  known  that  any 
saccharine  fluid  boiled  in  the  alkaline  condition 
will  become  strongly colored,  but  it  is not  generally 
known  that  maple  sap  contains  ammonia. 

If maple sap  could be  gathered and kept  in  vessels 
incapable of  coloring it, excluded from  oxidizing influ 
ences,  and evaporated in the neutral  or  slightly acid 
condition,  the  product  would  Le  white  sugar.  But 
the profit for  this kind of  sugar-making woulcl  hardly 
'l'he fact is that maple sugar is  too 
pay the expense. 
good  a  material to be  degraded to the manufacture of 
loaf sugar.  The exquisite flavor  of  well  made maple 
sugar is  something more precious than the bald sweet 
ness of  common white sugar.  Yet the maple sugar is 
more prized if it is free  from  much color,  especially if 
the other qualities of  the  sugar  are  preserved  at the 
same  time.  The  material  which  gives  the  delicious 
flavor to maple sugar is something distinct from  mere 
sweetness.  It seems to  be  volatile  to  some  extent, 
for when  maple  syrup,  or  sugar  in  the  moist  condi 
tion is  kept  for  some  time,  the flavor  is lost.  But if 
the  syrup  is  sealed  up  in  glass  jars  or  soldered  up. 
air-tight in  tin  cans, the  flavor  is  preserved  for  any 
length of  time, if the sugar is  made into  hard and dry 
cakes,  the flavor  is  preserved for  some time. 

In answer  to  E.  D.'s  second question  I  reply that 
the only substance  fulfilling  all  bis  conditions is the 
It is not a  material which you  can 
sulphurous  acid. 
buy in the market in sufficient state of  purity for  such 
uses, but you can make some for your own use at small 
expense.  Make  a  box  15  inches  square  and  3  feet 
rear  the  top  place a. 
high,  without top  and bottom . 
tight  shelf  on  one  side  inclining  downwards  at  an 
angle of  15 degrees so  that any liquid will readily flow 
down the inclination,  and  let  this  shelf  reach within 
four inches  of  the other side of  the  box :  four inches 
below  the  free  edge  of  this  shelf place another shelf 
on the opposite  side  of  the  box  and  with  the  same 
inclination as the first  shelf,  and  then two  additional 
shelves,  one  on each  side  and  arranged  in  the  same 
way,  so  that any sap allowed  to  flow  over  the  upper 
shelf will  flow  clown  and  fall  in  a  thin  sheet or tine 
drops  on  the  shelf  opposite,  and  from  this  in  like 
manner on the next shelf, and thus pour or  drop three 
times before it  reaches  the  bottom  shelf,  the  edge  of 
which has  a  trough or groove  to  carry the  sap  out of 
In  the  bottom 
the box into some tub  or  receptacle. 
of  the  box place an old tin  pan  with  some  hot ashes, 

Frnnk Hodgman,  '62, is county surveyor of Kalamazoo county. 
He was  the  organizer  of  the  "Husbandman's  Club," of  that 
county, one  of the best clubs of the kind in  the  State, and is now 
its secretary.  He is engaged in  the  preparation  of a  new  man 
ual of surveying for  the Michigan  State engineers and surveyors' 
association,  of which  he is n.n  able member.  The new manual is 
to contain much  matter not  found  in  any of the other works on 
the subject,  while  it  will  omit  most  of  the  mathematical work 
contained in the text books on  surveying.  The work  is  nearly 
ready for the press. 

Ernest H.  Bradner,  '69,  was  principally  engageu  in  teaching 
for  the past  twelve  years  up  to last !'all,  when  his health failed 
him,  and he was advised to devote his entire time to agricultural 
pursuits as the only  means  of  restoring  his lost strength.  He 
prefers the  "gold1m State" to" poor old  simple l\lichigan,"  and 
has made  it  his  home  ever  since  graduating.  He  thinks  often 
and lovingly of hii;  Alma  Mater  and  hopes  sometime  to  again 
visit  her.  Tbo  California  State  Teachers' Life  Diploma  was 
.granted him  two years since.  Has  been married three years to 
a  Michigan la<ly  and advises  all  his  friends  to look for wives in 
no other  State. 

Prof.  C.  E.  Bessey,  '69,  of  the  Iowa  agricultural  college,  has 
been  spending  the  winter  with  his  family  in  the  east,-one 
month in  and about New York city,  and two months on Martha's 
Vineyard.  During January  and  February he  gave  a  course  of 
lectures on  botany  in  Plummer  Hall,  of  the  Essex  Institute. 
Topic:  "Sorne  Problems  in  Vegetable  Physiology."  During 
the winter in  his visits at Cambridge he enjoyed the opportunity 
of  making  n  careful  examination  of  Dr.  Goodale's  recently 
imported apparatus for  phy  iological work in botany.  Its value 
is between  3,000  and  ''4,000  and  is  the  finest  in this country. 
Prof.  Bessey continues to  be  the botanical editor or  tho Ameri 
can Naturalist.  The Iowa college is  building  him  a  house,  and 
has raised  his salary two hundred  dollars  for  tho  ensuing yell,t'. 
He hopes to  complete  bis  new  "Elementary  Botany,"  by  mid 
summer. 

John P.  Finley,  '73,  has  performed  an  immense  amount  of 
work fo1·  the  signal  service  department  during  the  past  year. 
He prepared  a  pamphlet of  nineteen pages on" Tomado Studies 
for 1882," a  pamphlet of  thirty pages on" Tornadoes, their Char 
acteristics and  Dangers,"  a  voluminous report on the  tornadoes 
or the year,  not yet ready for publicatio11,  and  five  circulars  on 
"Storms," varying- from  two to eight pages ea.ch. 
In September 
he was ordered  to  the Johns Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  to 
take a  special course in physics,  mathematics,  French,  and  Ger 
man. 
In  October his  publications  received  honorable  mcnLion 
before the Paris Acadamy of Sciences at the Imperial Observatory 
and Inslitute of Christiania,Norway, and at the Imperial Observ 
atory  and  Institute  of  St.  Petersburg,  Russia. 
In  November 
he received the high honor of  "Fellow by Comtesy" of Johns Hop 
kins University. 
In January,  18  3,  he commenced the  prepara 
tion  of  an  important  and  extended  pnper  on  the  subject  of 
"Ocean l\lcteorolqgy," which he will probably finish in the course 
of eighteen months. 

Maple  Sugar  Making. 

WOODLAND,  MICH.,  March 22,  1883. 

DR.  R.  0.  KEDZIE,  Agriculturnl  College,  Lansing, Mich.: 

DEAR  Sm:  Being  of  an  inquisitive  turn,  and  knmving  you 
had always kindly answered my questions in the past I  send you 
the following  in  the interest of maple sugar makers. 

1.  Is not the well  known  brown  color  of  maple  sugar duo  to 
the action of the atmosphere or the  ozone in  it,  i.  e.,  does it not 
affect the sap of the maple the same as  it  does  the  juice  of  the 
apple,  etc.? 

2.  If this  is  so  is  there  any  substance  that  can  be  added  to 
prevent  the  coloring,  or  remove  it  afterwards,  and  in  no  way 
injure the sugar for eating? 

The reasons for laying tho brown color of sugar to atmospheric 
action are quite  numerous.  The  longer  it  stands  before  being 
boiled the  ''browner"  it  will  be.  The same cliect follows  con 
tinued  boiling,  but  nothing  but  min  water,  sour  sap,  or  burnt 
sugar will  make  it  either  black  or  red.  The  longer  sugar  is 
exposed to the air,  the more it takes on  this brown  color,  unless 
the molas  cs is drained out of it.  To sum  all  up,  it  seems  that 
so long as any portion is in  the liquid  state  it  wiJI  be colored  by 
.  standing.  Some  seasons are  worse  than  others,  and  some days, 

also. 

I  am largely interested in  the sugar business,  and  am  anxious 

• 

THE  COLLEGE  SPECULUM . 

13 

form 

these  one  or  two  ounces  of  sulphur 
and  drop  on 
which  will  burn  and 
sulphur  dioxide, 
which  \\"ill  pass  upward  and  come  in  contact  with 
the  descending  sap  as  it  flows  over  the  shelves, 
will  be  dissolved  by it and thus form sulphurous acid. 
The sap which  thus flows  from  some  reservoir at the 
top of  your sulphuring box,  over the  shelves  and  into 
a  receptacle at the bottom will acquire more acid than 
is necessary to ward off  the effects of  ozone of  the air; 
a  little of  this added to the sap in store-just enough 
to  cause it to redden  blue  litmus paper-will prevent 
the browning of  the  sugar  during  boiling  to  a  large 
extent.  The  sulphurous  acid  being  very  volatile, 
will boil off  during evaporation  ·and  leave  no residue 
behind. 

The sap which bas been  sulpmized  in  the  passage 
through  the  box  may  be  bottled  up  and  kept  (well 
corked)  for  some time without  parting  with its  acid . 
In this  way  it  will  not  be  necessary to keep  the sul 
phuring box in constant use. 

The  sulphites  and  bisulphites  of  soda  and  lime 
which  are sometimes  recommended  for  this purpose, 
will  leave  a  quantity  of  foreign  salts  in  the  sugar 
which  will  render  it · bitterish  and  distasteful,  and 
destroy the flavor  and  aroma  of  the  sugar which are 
its crowning excellence. 

There are 7060  students from  America in  German institutions. 
Oberlin bas 1,49:l students enrolled in  the various departments. 
It is  reported that Mrs.  A.  T.  Stewart will put  4,000,000 into 

a  colloge in New  York. 

The eost of elub board for the  stuuents of Ohio  State Univer 

sity for  the month of January was $3.36  per week. 

Dr.  Chadbourne,  who  was  appointed  President of the Massa 

chusetts Agricultural College only last  summer,  is dead. 

Rutgers  was awardAd  the  hundred  dollars  by the American 
College song  book  publishers  for  having  sent  in  the  best col 
lection of college songs. 

The Literary Societies  of  the  Kansas  State  Unirnrsity  have 
invited  Col.  Robert Ingersoll to deliver their annual oration next 
June.  He has accepted the  invitation. 

AL  present there are in  the  United States 64 Greek Letter Fra 
ternities  having  487  chapters,  35  chapter  houses,  70  alumni 
chapters,  and a  total membership of 62,256. 

Seven graduates of  Ann  Arbor  have  been elected  to the next 
If  we  are  to  judge  the  next Congress by the past, 

Congress. 
we should say this was a  bad give away on  Ann Arbor. 

Pres.  Eliot  says  the  lowest  sum  for  which  a  student  can 
speud a  year  at  Harvard  University  is $650,  and if he wants to 
live  with a  greater degree of com.fort he ought to have  1,300. 

On account of the studying  done  on  Sundays the Vassar fac 
ulty have changed the weekly holiday from Saturday to Monday. 
If they would  only adopt  co-education,  they  would probably  be 
no longer annoyed  by the girls studying on this day. 

We were pleased to  notice  the  following  item  in  one  of  the 
numbers of  the Purdue  concerning W.  C.  Latta,  of  the  class  of 
'77:  "Prof. Latta,  our  new  instructor  in Agriculture,  is highly 
esteemed  by  his  students.  He  is  lively  and  euergetic  in  the 
recitations  and  makes  them  iuteresting.  So  says  one  of  his 
students." 

The old  aDd  wealthy college of  William  and  Mary's bas had  to 
close  its  doors  for  want  of  students.  It had  one student last 
year,  but as he had  to  bear  the  blame  of all college tricks per 
petrated  during  the  year,  and  as he  could  not  conscientiously 
Jinish  his  soplioruore  year  without  some  fre8hman  to  haze,  ho 
concluded to  complete his .-iducation  elsewhere. 

Students  at Williams  CollegA  are  requested  to  attend  both 
morning  and  eveuing  chapel.  The  st11dents  throDgh  one  of 
their oro-ans  seemed  to  seriously  object.  They  are  willing  to 
attend in  the  morning  but  think  they can  enjoy  their supper as 
well  without a  second dose. 
It is not usually  difficult to get the 
chapel  exercises  thoroughly  committed  during  the  first  term 
even if you  hear them but once a  day.  We do not wonder that the 
Wi1liams  students  protest,  especially  if  their chapel like our::i  is 
kept at a  temperaLure  near the freezing  point. 

Mueb  comment ha  gone the  rounds  of  tho  press  co~cerning 
the strong free  trade principles arlvocated  by  Professor Sumner 
of  Yale.  A. few weeks ago the  Willimantic  Linen Co.  iuvitod the 
Professor and  members of the senior class to  visit their immense 
factories,  and  observe  the  beneficial  workings  of  protection . 
About two  hundred Yale  men  availed  themselves  of  the invita 
tion,  and were  given a  royal  banquet  by  the  monopoly.  The 
following  item  appeared in  a  local  paper a  day or two after their 
visit:  "Two of  tho Yale  studeuts  got  mashed  on  a  couple  of 
mill girls during  their  re(!ent  visit to the Willimantic  Linen  Co.'s 
factories.  They made an appointment with them,  and stayed in 
Willimantic  over  night,  but of course the girls were too sensible 
to put in an  appearance.  Then the fellows got tmppy  over their 
disappointment.  The  female  operatives of the mills,  instead  of 
the mills themselves,  would seem to  be  the ones  who  will  need 
protection.  if all  the colleges in the  land  are  to  be  let  loose  on 
them  in  this way." 

Sometime last year the faculty  of  Purdue  University  refused 
to  admit a  student because  he  would  not  pledge himself not to 
join  any  fraternity  in  college.  The  students  contested  their 
power to refuse him  admission  on these  grounds,  and the  case 
was carried to  the  Supreme  bench,  where  the  decision  of  the 
faculty  was  sustained.  A bill  has  recently passed the Indiana 
legislature forbidding the  exclusion of  any student from  a  State 
institution on  account  of  his  belonging  to any s.ociety or Greek 
letter fraternity.  We  presume now  the question is permanently 
settled. 
'.!.'he  Wabash contains  the  following  in  regard  to the 
affair:  "The passage of  the bill  settles  a  long  and  continued 
struggle between  the  Signa Chi  fraternity and Dr.  White,  presi 
dent of Purdue University,  giving  to the  Sig-s  the victory.  Much 
time and  money has been spent on each side,  and  now that  it is 
settled  it  is  to  be  hoped that we  will  hear  no  more of it.  The  · 
other  fraternities  congratulate  thP.  Bigs  on  their  success,  for 
they feel  that although they had no p'lrsonal interest in  the fight, 
the principles of fraternities  should  be vindio:ated.  Fraternities 
no doubt have their faults  as  well  as  all  human  organizations, 
but they certainly contain  some good,  for  they  have been sub 
jected to· the severest tests and  still  exist,  wilh  good  prospects 
of continuing to exist as  long  as  colleges."  Pres.  White claims 
that the students have 110  right to  take  action  against  the  fac 
ulty even though a  higher power favor them.  On  account of the 
action of the legislature hQ  has resigned his position. 

We  are indebted to Dr.  Beal for  the following notes on some of 

our loading industrial institutions: 

Iu these t imes there is a  growing intere  t  manifested in  indus 
trial  etlucation.  There are about  40  agricultural  colleges  in  the 
United States,  quite a number of which are very liberally equipped 
with all  that is necessary  to make them strong  i11stitutions. 

During the past winter it has been my good fortune to visit for the 
first time four of (,hese colleges, the plaus of which are quite similar, 
making the  agricultural  college a  tlepartment  of  an university. 
The four institutions referred  to  are the University of Wisconsin, 
the  Industrial  University of  Illinois,  Purdue  University in  Indi 
ana,  aud  Ohio State University  at Columbus. 
I  present as they 
occur to  mA  a  few  notes which  I hope may interest your readers. 
At Champaigu, Illinois, the literary societies have neatly designed 
programs  with  names  of  officers and  business for  the meeting. 
'i'he  headiugs  are  permanent,  but  the  changeable  portion  is 
inserted  over  a  blank  space  left  on  the  sheet.  The whole is 
neatly framed  anti  displayed  near  the  college  bulletin  before 
every  meeting of the  society.  The chapels,  halls and  recitation 
rooms  of all  these Uni,•ersities wore neat and well kept. 
In each 
case the large  number  of  ladies  about  the premises may have 
had sonrnthing to  do i11  sustaining good  order and keeping things 
tidy. 
In  each  case  the  ladies  made  the  government  of  the 
stutlents easier Ior their presence.  Most of  the students (and in 
one case all)  procure rooms and IJoard  in  private families.  The 
colleges all have u1ilitary  drill,  aud  for  the  little  time  spent the 
faculties  are  quite  unanimous  in its favor.  The boys generally 
like  it; they  nre  strai.,htened  up  and  get rid  of  uncouth  man 
ners. 
In two or  more of the colleges  the  suboruinate  military 
officers are selected from  those  students taking highest rank in 
their studies.  At Champaign the roll of each  company is called, 
and then the students march in anti out of chapel to the music of a 
large brass IJantl .  A  large  choir  of  twenty  or  more  persons 
aided  by  an organ and qther  musi,·al  instruments,  together with 
singing  by  most  of  the  students  muke  the  chapel  exercises 
quite impressive.  The  students' government  at  this  place ex 
tending <ill  about  town is  said  to  work aumirably.  It has been 
somewhat changed within  a  yt>ar.  A club system  of boarding is 
common,  a  club often  including members of  both sexes. 
I  heard 
of no instance wboro  board  ran  lower  than  2.50  per week.  It 
was generally consiuerably above this figure. 

All  of  the  uni\·ersities  have  shops  where  the  students in  cer 
tain  courses work in  wood  and  iron .  This  shop  work  is  unh·er 
sally popular and not hard to manage.  The agricultural students 
have  more  or  less  shop-\.ork,  for  which  they are  marked,  and 
the mark-; go on  record and  couut  accordiug  to the quality,  the 

14 

THE  CO LLE GE  SPECULUM. 

same  as  for  lectures  and  laboratory  work.  For  E'ix  or  eight 
years 8.  similar  plan  has been adopted with  reference to certain 
instructh·e works in  the college, such as potting plants, budding, 
and grafting". 

Some  of  these  universities  are  older  than  others  and  nave 
more money to use,  but all  seem to me  are  on  a  better pion  for 
our times than the old fashioned literary university.  Laboratory 
work--a  training of  the hands to work Rnd  the eyes to sec-goes 
along with  mental cultme.  This  plan  is bound to become more 
and more I opular as time advances. 

. 

Jn  some  of  these  colleges,  one- third  or  more  of  the  senior 

orations or literary  exercises  even,  at commencement,  are illus 
trated  and  the illustrations brought on  to the platform and shown 
to the persons present.  Wisconsin university is the oldest of the 
four and was started on  a  plan  much  like  that of  our own  State 
university.  Th e  establishment  of  agricultural  and  mechanical 
departments  has been recently grafted  into the  university,  but 
the  cions  do  not  thrive  as  well  as  the  parent  branches. 
'.l'he 
additions are weak  and  over-shadowed  and  fail  to  draw  their 
share  of sustenance in  the form  of  money and students. 

The  writer was invited  by a  convention  of  the State Agricult 
ural  and  the  State  Horticultural  societies  with  a  sprinkling of 
members of the Legislature to speak  on  this  subject  of  uniting 
an  agricultmal  school  to  a  university.  While  he  was  there  a 
bill was drawn  up and  presented in  the Legislature, to make the 
agricultural department a  separate college and to remove it from 
Madison . 

Whil e  at Indiana, fiv e  or six or the faculty of Purdue University 
posted  off  sixty miles  to  tho  State  capitol  to  see  about  their 
appropriation.  All  did  not  run  smoothly,  on  account  of  some 
former action  in reference  to secret  societies. 

That the general public is laking  a greater interest  in  College 
affairs wo11ld  be inferred  from  the  fact  that  some of the leadiug 
daily  papers  now  devote  regurally  a  column  of  their  weekly 
editions to college news. 

We  notice  the following in  the  Chicago  Tribun e regarding the 
oratorical  contest  recently  held  in  tbat  city: 
''There was  an 
oratorical contest in  this city last night,  but so far as beard from 
no damage has been done to the shipping on the lake.  Oratory 
is a valuable acquisition.  Some  of  the  best  orators in  o nr col 
leges frequently  make  good  third  basemen  after  graduating." 
Evidently the  Tribune reporter  failed  to receive  an invitation to 
the banquet following  the exercises. 

The  Coup  d'Etat  is  a  tasteful looking  sheet  from  Knox  Col 
lege. 
Its editorials are sound,  and all its departments complete 
with the exception of the alumni notes.  These are sadly wanting. 
The Hamilton  College J!Ionlhly comes to band with an abund 
ance of  literary  articles,  rather  to  many we should say in  pro 
portion to the local matter.  Most of the  articles  show  original 
thought, and the paper e ,·idently  carries out the  intention  of its 
editors iu  being ''an exponent, especiall y in the drill the students 
receive in  English  composition." 

From  Washington  University  come  two  excellent  papers, 
The  Student  Lif P,  publish  d  by  the  literary  students,  is  well 
conducted in all  its  departments,  and  reflects credit on its man 
agers;  The  Palette  Scrapings,  from  the  same  uniYersity,  is 
conducted  by  the  students  of  the  art  school,  and  is  the first 
production  of  the  kiJlCI  ever  attPmpted  i.Jy  art students.  The 
last number  contains  a  number  of  pleasing  drawings  besides 
some good literary  matter.  The publication of th is  sheet opens 
a  new field  in  college journalism, and we wish for it a  successful 
career. 

Tho last number of  the  rarsily  contains  the  following  con  

cerning the would  be famous  weather prophet: 
A gay old professor named  Wiggins 
Said a  storm  was to  visit these  diggins; 

But he had  to postpone 
His intended cyclone, 

For the  s un  caused a  hitch in  his  riggins. 

Of the  many  distinguished  men  who  have  gone  forth  from 
the classic  portals of  our  Alma Master, we  can  not  claim  one, 
named by a  local  paper as a graduate of this college.  To  Albert 
University belongs the honor of educating Prof.E.Stone Wiggins. 
The  subject of  co-education  still  agitates  the college  wurld. 
Au  unsuccessful  attempt  has  been  rncently  made  to  admit 
women to  Columbia.  The  boys  evidently  did not desire  their 
company  if the  following  resolution  expresses  the  opinion  of 
the majority:  "Resolved,  That it is the  fixed  opinion  and  firm 
conviction  of the Senior class  of  Columbia  College,  that the co 
education  of the sexes is undesirable from an educational as well 
as  a moral standpoint,  and that ,its introduction  here  would  bo 

a  fatal blow to  the  future  welfare  and  prosperity  of  the  insti 
tution."  It is amusing  to  notice the  comments of  the different 
papers regarding  the above  note.  The J:anter:n  wl~ose ~d itors 
are evidently badly gone on the co-eds, relieves itself m  this way: 
"The aborn  resolution  is the  sort of  'bosh '  the  Seniors or  Col 
umi.Jia  spend their time formulating into  resolutions. 
'Tis a  pity 
that that senior  class have  so far  missed  all  the benefits which 
a  college  training is supposed  to  bestow,  not  the  least  among 
which  is  common  sense."  The  Lantern  soems to  fo rget that 
there are  two sides to all  questions,  and  that a  man  has a  per 
f  ct right to express his  convictions  concerning a  question even 
if it  does not exactly agree with every  one  else. 

The  N-iagara Index,  in  an  article of  considerable  length,  dis 
cusses  the  action  or  the  trustees  of  Columbia  in  refusing  to 
admit women,  and clos  s  as  follows:  "From this it appears that 
those who have  the  welfare  of  Columbia at heart do  not wish to 
j eopardize the interests of the college and  th wart its  real aim  by 
the admittance  of  women.  The  mutual  influence  of  tbc sexes 
when brought together  in  the same  institution  is derogatory  to 
the well-being of each.  While the trustees express their willing 
ness and determination to afford  all  the  possible facilities for the 
furtherance  of female  education,  they  do  not  wish  to  permit 
the prattling gum-chewers  to disturb the equanim ity of the col 
lege sprites."  Still  another  writer  on  this  topic,  in  an  arli?le 
in  the  Student Life,  among other  things  says:  "Co-ed ucation 
is the only moans whereby a  thorough  universal  education  can 
be acquired.  About two hundred of the universities and colleges 
of the  United  States  have  adopted  co-education; among  those 
best  known  are  the  Universities  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin, 
Cornell and  Syrncuse Universities in New York,  and  Washington 
Unive rsity in  Missouri.  From  the  fact  that  co -education  has. 
been maintained in  these instituti ons of learning is proof enough 
that  no  eYil  results  from  it."  Wbi.le  we  take  but  Yery  little 
interest  in  this  subject  ourselves  yet  were  we  asked  for an 
expression  or opinion  we should  say the following  ed itorial from 
the  Colleae :Mercury of the college of the city of New York very 
nearly coin cided with ou r own view of the case:  "·when we come 
to  tho  question  of  co-education  and  th e  competition  of  women 
with men,  the case has a  different aspect.  Much  can  be said  on 
both  sides .of  the  question from  a  theoretical  point of  view,  and 
practically it has not been  so thoroughly tested as to afford  con  
vincing  proof  either pro or con . 
In many colleges,  both in this 
country  and abroad, it has been tried for a  short time  with vary 
ing  success.  On  one  hand,  we  have  the  example  of  Cornell, 
Oberlin,  Wesleyan,  and  the  university of  Cambridge  and Lon 
don,  11nd  on the  other  the  university  of  St.  Petersburg and  the 
recent trouble at Syracuse.  However other colleges may excit 
edly  wrangle  about  this  question,  it  has  no  practical  impor 
tance  for  us.  We  can  sit  calmly  on  our  safe  pinnacle  and 
moralize upon the  theory of co-education, with little fear  that  it 
will  e,·cr  come near us." 

"The  followil1g  ebullition  of  our  editorial  pen 

The  March  number  of  the  College  Courier,  among  other 
excellent  editorials  bus  the  following  which  might  be  applied 
with  considerable  force  to  many  rooms  in  our  own  dormitor 
is 
ies: 
intended  exclusively 
for  gentlemen:  President  Potter,  of 
Union  College,  according  to  a  great  many  of  our  exchanges, 
has  offt:red  a  prize  to  the  student  keeping  the  neatest  room. 
This  action  has  called  forth  considerable  comment,  favorable 
and  otherwise.  One  religious  weekly  hHs  vigorously protested 
against  such  act!on  on  the  ground  that  it  will  tend  to  create 
an  extnwagaut  spirit  among  students.  We  rna rcely  see  the 
propriety  in  offering  a  reward  to  the  student  keepin"'  a  neat 
room. 
If some  system  could  be  devised  by  which  those  who 
do  not  do  so  should  be  punished,  it  would  be  a  morfl  prac 
tical  measure.  Belonging  to  students  of  our  college  there  are 
rooms  and  rooms. 
In  some  of  these  rooms  it  is  alwavs  a 
plea.sure  to  spend  a  few  minutes.  Others we  positively  di:ead 
to  enter.  The  difference  arises  not  from  the  fact  that  some 
rooms  are  furnished  more  luxuriously  than  others.  Some  of 
the  most  expensively  furnished  rooms  belong  to  the  latter 
class. 
'.l'he  difference  arises  from  circumstances  fully  unde1· 
the  contro l  of  everv  student.  There  are  little  indescribable 
things  that  give  an air  o[  rf'finement  to  a  room  and  which  it 
is  certainly  no  mark  of  manliness  to  ovcrlool<;  no  indication 
or  femil1inity  to  regard.  But  aside  from  the  pleasure  of  hav 
ing  a  neat  room,  there are practical considerations in  its favor. 
Not  only  will  a  room  JC1ok  better  for  having  the  books  and 
papers  neatly  arranged,  but  in  the  college course  a  very  con 
siderable amount  of  time  will  be  saved by  knowing  just where 
to  put  your  hands  on  books  of  reference.  This  may  seem  a 
very  little  thing;  it  is  not  so.  Moreover  we  canuot  but  b~ 
inl1uenced  by  our  surroundings.  Just  what  effect  it  will  have 
on  a  man  to  spend  four  or  five  years  of  his  life  in  a  room 
which  never  has  a  genuinely  neat  appearance,  we  do  not 
attempt  to  say.  These  inliucuces  are  too  snbtile  to  be  thus 
analyzed.  But  we  feel  assured  that  the  influence  will  not  be 
beneficial." 

STUDENTS  \VILL  FIND  AT 

G.  w.  FRARY'S  STORE 

A  Large  and  Fine  Stocli:  o-t• 

GEN,._rS'  HATS  AND  CAPS 

IN   THE  LATEST   STYLES .  

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T.:S::O~::E'SOJ::.:r. 

COMMERCIAL  JOB  PRINTING. 

178  "W"ashington  Avenuf', 

Over J .  W.  H iggs's  Grocery,  LANSING ,  MICH . 

HUDSON  HOUSE, 

M.  HUDSON,  Proprietor. 

LANSING,  MICH. 

RATES,  $2.00  PER  DAY. 

LANSING  HOUSE, 

MRS.  J.  G.  ISBELL,  Proprietor. 

•  LANSING,  MICH. 

RATES.  $~.00 PER  DAY. 

E.  FR .AZEL ,  
PALACE  DINING  HALL. 

Oppo.•ite  M ead's  Hall. 
A  }'U LL  UNE  O•'  CAJ\'DIES,  CAliES,  OYSTEHS,  ETC., 
FINE  CAKES  A  SPECIALTY. 

J.  C.  HUFFMAN'S  WORLD  RENOWNED  CANDIES.  N.  E.  KI NG' S  RE ST AURA NT. 

Steam  refined  molass es  camly,  20  rente  per  poun<l.  Cinnam:m  taffy, 
20  cents  per  pound .  Pinenp1j 10  taffy ,  20  cents  pe r  vonnd.  Lem on 
taffy, 20  rents  pQr  pouncl.  Vanilla  taffy,  20  cents  per  pound.  Straw. 
berry  taffy , 20  cents per pounrl. 

AU ,  l!Ol! E-i!IA DE  GOOD  WARRA!ITED  STUICTLY  P URE . 
F or  Bread  and  I ce  Cream  I  Challenge  the  World. 
ORDERS  FOR  PARTIES  FILLED  ON  SHORT  NOTICE. 

On  l\Iichigan Avenue, opposite Rcpul.Jlican  Office,  Lansing, Mich. 

NEATEST  AND  BEST  PLACE  IN  THE  CITY  FOR  MEALS. 
No  Saloon  Attache d! 

:t:C::E:  CE.::E:A:ll.I!:  Al>'r:D  OYST::E:E.S  :tl>'r  S::E:.A.SOl>'r. 

IONIA  CIT.Y  LAUNDRY. 

Collm·s  and  Cuffs  a  Specialty. 

GOOD  WORK  GUARANTEED. 

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~IC::S::. 

HEADQUARTERS  FOR  COLLEGE  BOYS! 

~. El.  :El..C>E, 

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ICE  CREAM  AND  OYSTERS  IN  SEASON. 
Lunches  at  all  :::a:::ou.rs_ 
CIGAR,  A  D  TOBACCO. 
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STUDENTS:-It  will  Pay  You  to  Call  on  °"r· G.  PATTERSON  for  Boots,  Shoes, 

and  Rubbers. 

REPAIRING  NEATLY  DONE, 

Washington  A venue,  Lansing. 

T.AY-LOR,  &  OO_'S 

ONE-PRICE B001-, ANT)  SHOE HOUSE, 

I  25  WashiuA"ton  Avenue,  LANSING.  Mich. 

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MANUFACTURERS  OF  AND  WHOLESALE  DEALERS  IN 

CRACKERS,  CAJ(ES,  S\VEET  Goons, 

AND  CANDIES  OF  ALL  KINDS, 

JOHN  HERMANN, 
Oppos ite  Opera  Block, 

MERCHAN'l"' TAILOR, 

KEKl'S  TH~J LARGEST  AND  DEST  STOCK  OF 

•~~~~~mit  ~~u~~~:lS  <l~J:Ji~:lS 

IN  MICHIGAN. 

BEST  FIT  FOR  THE  LEAST  MONEY. 

Stud ents,  Co1ne  and  See  Me. 

JE-v.T'ELE:R_ 

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GOODRICH  HOUNE, 

Lansing,  Mich. 

MICHIGAN. 

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KEEPS  THE 

ONLY  FI RST-CLASS  LAUNDRY 

Michi_gan  .Jlve.,_ Opposite  Chapman House. 

DAVIS'  CAPITAL  BARBER  SHOP, 
114  Washington  Ave.,  Lansing. 

J" -

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FIRST-CLASS  WORK  GUARANTEED. 

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~DEN TISTS.~ 

Ni 11•ous  Oxide  Gas  01·  Vitalized  Afr  given  f01•  tlte 
painless  ext1·action  of ':I.'eeth. 
South3ast corner  of  Washington  and  Mich. Aves., Lansing. 

1i,,;r;1. 

11'82. 

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USED  BY  AI.L 
BREWERS,  SORGHUM,  AND  SUGAR  MAKERS. 
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THlS  HOUSE  IS FOR  SALE.  APPLY  FOR  TV.R:\IS. 

Box 1218. 

37  North P eters St.,  New  Orleans,  La. 

H.  BON~ ABEL, 

:a -

127  Washington  Avenue, 

DISPLAYS  FOR  THE  FALL  TRADE  THE  FINEST  AND  LARGES'l'  Sl'OCK  OF 

DRY  GOODS  AND  CARPETS 

THAT  IT  HAS  EVER  BEEN  OUR  PLEASURE  TO  OPEN  IN  .THE  CITY. 

YOU  WILL  ALWAYS  FI,';D  GOODS  JUST  AS  REPRESENTED,  A~D OUR  PRICES  TO  THE  BOTTOM. 

-vv - D..AR,T., 

DEALER  IN 

HEAVY  AND  SHELF  HARDWARE,  GLASS,  ETC., 

ALSO  A.GENT  FOR  TUE 

C  E  L  E  B 

:El. .A.. T  E 

::I:> 

"VV" E  T 

l.W:  C>  H.. E 

.A. .X. E ,  

Garland  Coal  Stove  a:n.d  :lv.'.Caple  ""VV'ood  Stove. 

.BUY  YOUR  BOOTS  AND  SHOES 
Of a  Live  arid  Liberal  lr'irm. 

WE  CARRY  THE  LARGEST  STOCK  IN LANSING, 

BEING  LARGE  BUYERS  WE  CAN  SELL  CHEAPEST, 

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GET  YOUR  REPAIRING  DONE  AT  OUR  STORE, 

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12  4 

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And  You  ~ill  Al-w-ays  Find  What  You  Want 

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193  and  195  Washington  Avenue,  Con1er  Ionia  Street,  Opposite  Opera  House,  Lansing. 

FACU LTY. 

THEOPHILUS  C.  ABBOT,  LL.  D .,  PRESIDENT, 
Professor  of  Mental  Philosophy  and  Logic. 

ROBERT  C.  KEDZIE,  A.  M.,  ~I.  D., 
Professor of  Chemistry  and  Curator  of  the  Chemical  Laboratory. 

ALBERT  J .  COOK,  M.  S., 
Professor  of  Zoology  and  Entomology,  and  Curator  of  the  General 
Museum. 

WILLIAM  J .  BEAL,  M.  S.,  PH.  D., 
Professor  of  Botany  and  Forestry,  and  Curator  of  the  Botanical 
Museum. 

ROBERT  G.  BAIRD, 
Secretary. 

ROLLA  C.  CARPENTER,  M.  S.,  C.  E., 
Professor  of  Mathematics  and  Civil  Engineering. 

SAMUEL  JOHNSON, 
Professor  of  Practical  Agriculture and Superintendent of  the Farm. 

ELIAS  J.  MAcEWAN,  M.  A., 
P rofessor  of  English  Language  and  Literature,  and  Librarian. 

GEORGE  H .  HARROWER,  B.  A., 
P rofessor  of  History  and  Political  Economy. 

JAMES  SATTERLEE,  M.  S., 
Professor  of  HorticulLure,  and  Superintendent of  HorLiculturaJ 
Department. 

FRANK  S.  KEDZIE,  M.  S., 
Assistant  in  Chemistry, 

LOUIS  G.  CARPENTER,  B.  S., 
Assistant  in  Mathematics. 

LOUIS  KNAPPER, 
Florist. 

ABRAM  S.  BIRCH, 
Foreman  of  the  Farm. 

JAMES  TROOP,  B.  S., 
Assis La.nt  in  Horticultural  Experiments. 

EUGENE  D.  MILLIS,  B.  S., 
Foreman of the Vegetable Garden.