—. oe -CGLGM. YoOoLuUME XITIL.—-No. 2. —. AGRICULTURAL CoLLEGE, Micn., Szpr. 15, 1894. WHOLE No, 80. Address of President Daniel 5. Strange Before the Alumni Association. BrorgerR ALumNi—Again we have } gathered to exchange kindly greeting, to grasp each other by the hand, to look each other in the eye, to scan the old familiar faces now marked by unfamiliar lines or fringed by looks of unfamiliar hue. We have cathered here amid the scenes which memory ever will recall as those amidst which happy days of youth were passed. A few old buildmgs stand as land- marks of our day; the campus oaks are not much changed; the knolis and vales are where they were. But other things have changed. ‘Stately halls adorn the grounds; the trees we planted in our youth are forests now; new shrubs and plants-——quite like the old are everywhere. So of the friends we knew-—only a few remain to bind with links of gold and hooks of steel our affections to the col- lege of our youth. New formsand faces now adorn familiar chairs, but the spirit that pervades the whoie, like the beauty and the fragrance of the flowers, is much the same as thal we breathed and that which shaped our lives for good so many years ago. The students friends we knew are now grown men. We giadly greet them here with scarcely more than time to say “How fare you now?”’——then, Fare you well!?’—io ask after the friends of other days now scattered round the earth, of some we have not seen for years, of some we scarce can hope to see again, of others stili whose forms wl he ‘er be seen by. mortal eye. We. gladly now recall in this brief hour the memories of the past, our. college pranks, our follies. and our: frailties as ee a well as the toilsome tasks we did and the lessons that we learned. With pleasure and with profit too, we spend an hour in the laboratories listening to our instructors of other days as they tell us of the triumphs they have won, of the new methods they have learned, of the new dresses, long and short, which infant . science has donned since first: she oped her eyes to smile inte ours. : | We have gathered here,. no’ Jonger boys, but a band. of educated men. ‘Be=.. yond the words of greeting-and inquiry | what themes should claim our thoughts. . for the brief hour that we remain? — If some have won distinction in the realm of literature, poetry or art, it is weil to hear from them in their especial fields of thought. If others have battled in the cause of right and won their spurs, we gladly haiithem in their mount. If others — have won distinction in research for truth we gladly learn of their discoveries. One. alumni oration was but.a thesis on the theme of “Storms,” but it was by one of . our number who knew more of. storms than any other living. man ‘and. “Proudly we listen at such a time. _ But to me it seems unfit’ that we, as-~ sembled here, should glorify that Sen we should. deprecate. College ‘pranks | may sometimes be excused, ‘sometimes overlooked, their memory sometimes properly recalled, But theft is theft, and drunkenness at: best-is shame.: An as- sembled band. of educated men owing our education, in. part, at least, directly to. the kindness of our state. and to the generosity of our nation, it were fitter far that we devote a httle of our time to weighty questions of the state which now demand the thought of earnest men. . One theme there is, above all other themes, which well may claim much of our thought, not only on triennial 18 THE SPECULUM, eal a / Per. el - “days, but én all the: days: that he between othe welfare'of our Alma Mater. | OAS letter’ came “to me recently, and BeustTess Copies’ to each one of you, ask- jag for-our best thought on ‘themes such aS theses «What do-the farmers expect “the éollepé. to do for.themh? For their ~ Boys? “Fortheir girls?.Do they favor the: smechattical course as an adjunct? Wi: donot more farmers’ sons attend? Esithé-college course too long, expensive, of impracticable, or. is a college course not: thought ‘to be. essential? © What changes can you suggest in the college course? “In: the policy of the college? | Would a short and optional course of but tworyears be popularr.. What. do you ‘think ofa. short winter: term of: three ménths in: dairying, stock-ieeding or vet- enihary; ofconce: for all,.a.shorter ques- Oe requiring: angwet covering all of these -aawhatig-the mission.of our-college? ackiof tiine)-forbids discussion now pon this. ‘theme, but take these questions “RAE a to-your homes to pohder there for: three full: years... “meeting.to héatsthése and kindred ques- tions well discussed with: earnest purpose Ha our souls. “Lec Education and the State. Delivered iby C “E. Smith, Rea before the Alumii Associa- a Se from Morenci Observer of Axe. Li, + Wot Tes is undoubtedly trie that the average man does not receive the amount of direct penefit-from_a college education that the masses: expect: him to secure. The col Tege man’ whos engages im business. or enters..2 profession very soon finds that “he is. dinable to translate a Latin or Greek _.Sentenée; Gr.solve.a complex mathemati- seal: problem, ands aqothe opinion of many the.time spent in ‘learning how to do these tiiege that. ate. afterward : forgotten is | ; ediication’: ignore: ‘the; indirect effect of these years -of training... They. arGd. women. IT hope at our next . AWAY eS JE Hose - whg,.: take this: failures s.| destruction.” [tons of various. ‘Kinds: were inaugurated, ; habit of ‘attention’ and study | at an age when habits are easily formed, gives hima mental grasp which enables him te selve more readily the graver problesis which come upin the affairs of life: the views mankind from a higher vantage ground and from this standpoint takes ma larger His standard as to. how,, things ought to be done in the community at large has been raised. | _ There is employed throughout our land - avast army of talent in giving and direct-- ing the education of our-young men and — Niiilions of dollars are used. -in _ endowments and millions are paid: out di- rectly in furthering educational: oppertuni- : ties.. Many ‘ofthese. institutions:are sup- - ported by direct taxation: andthe -ques- : tion may well be asked; “Do: the people | receiving the benefit of this education: re-— turn value received to the’ State-for fur- | nishing them these. opportunities?. Does it pay the State. from ‘a. financial...stand- point to support educational.institutions?”. It is pertinent at this: time,--when. por- tions of the country have been-in'a. ‘state bordering on anarchy, when.aill ‘business has been stopped, .when~arsoii) and- riot have had. full. sway, when: the’honest laborer has been “driven away: from his work by force, when -the: governors. In several ‘of the States have./been in. open sympathy with the. mob, cwhel the'loss of. "property has amounted to: millions: of dole. lars, to glance at sortie, of. the: causesiead-, | ing to this cendition and:see their, isrelation : _ to liberal education. Our governmenit is Resale up on 1 the the- ory that it requires no especially. educated - class te administer its affairs. If. was. es- tablished with a belief that-every man in the republic was qualified to fill any office to which he mighi be-called... While this is not nor never. has. been. true, the nation. was fortunate in its, early..yearsin, having: for.its leaders. men. of education,.-and.the- - broad lines on:.which it was “established, _ show the effect of their wisdou.,. Many | predicted that Ahe’- re public. “wend bé a do not realize ‘that, the: effort t he student | ‘Many. hoped : and. plotted | for its Movements: “and sorganiza- . THE SPECULUM. our flourished fer a time and passed away; | midst if we support the American anarchy. but the republic lived. We have a right toask of any move- ment, “What has it done for man? Has it quickened the current of progress? Has it helped to advance man’s social condi- tion??? * Our recent labor disturbances were brought about under the plea of ad- vancing the cause of the man who toils. The educated classes have the whole range of human history from which to reason and more naturally wil draw cor- rect conclusions regarding the effect of any political or suctal movement. They know that the expense of the recent disturbances will eventually be paid by the laborers themselves. Instead of helping their con- dition, it has placed upon them additional burdens. liad they been contrelled by honesi leaders, or had they numbered in their ranks a sufficient number belonging tothe liberally educated classes, the whole trouble would have been avoided. Phere are a class of demagogues who, having made a failure of life, seem to de- rive their only pleasure in arousing dis- content and stirring up strife among the working classes. These parties become labor leaders and induce the workmen to believe that they are being ground down by the iron heel of capital. This talk in the man does oo harm further than to | arouse discontent and dissatisfaction. Very few believe in the anarchy that Santo practiced or that Herr Most preaches, but there is a kind of anarchy which these in- flammatory speeches has aronsed and that is the anarchy of persistently refusing to obey law, It is the anarchy illustrated during the recent railroad strikes when a mob jeers at the order of the United States court when it is being read to them. They have lost respect for law in the ab- stract, and not until companies of soldiers come to enforce the court’s order do they obey. This is anarchy pure and simple, and it is even more pernicious, because it jacks the cheap frankness'that catries the red flag and hurls the bomb. ‘Of what avail is it. to condole with France and Spain over the bloody crop of European anarchists that has: grown up in: their | which masquerades among us under the lying disguise of labor agitation? OF. what value are the lessons of history,-of - what value is our carefully perfected sys- . tem of government, if license is to be sub~ stituted for liberty and labor is to go un- protected of lawr We had to suffer the disgrace afew weeks ago, when ail traffic was stopped in Chicago, of seeing the mayor go to Dictator Debs, at whose or- der all ratlroad men bad quit work, and | ask permission to run one train out of the stock yards. Think of it! The mayor of this great city, with all the police force — and State troops at his back, instead df ordering the thing to be done-and ‘then seeing that his order was. executéd, goes. to this seliconstituted autocrat. and: asks... permission to move a. train, and -why? Simply because the mayor thought by.se _ doing that he could catch the Jaber vote which might be useful to him in carrying. out his political ambitions;.and this ex- plains largely one.of the causes of. all the labor disturbances.. The politicians toy and coquette with these people, over~ looking minor offences for tear of losing” votes, til by and by a crisis comes; then | political party Hnes are. dropped. and'we | have. to decide whether we -shall. stand with those who uphold law and-order, or. with these who are againstit, © <. 0. We.say the politicians are at fault, and we may well ask who makes the politi- . clans? Phe educated man pays-too ttle - attention to politics. -He should make - his inGuence felt in some -political party. if the two great political parties could be led by their scholarly and thinking men many of the abuses of which we complaia- would cease, When a great painting is demanded the nation expects its geniuses to work atthe canvas. When we wish to hear a song we must call on some one who can sing. I[€ politics is the science of national life, national success, and happi- ness, each age . should: send into the ‘held only its most capable men. - Our nation has permitted tts politics to become so de- graded that the grossly ignorant ofttimes mistake themselves for statesmen. Unless we who are not wage earners in the nar- “yowesense, purify our methods of norin- vgting,electing or appointing officials, or legislative bodies, we must not wonder at the use. by. minority: of wage AES of any AS Te Tichs., Every invention, even though it may ‘make the inventor enormously rich, contributes to the great fund of. wealth, and every one has been benefited by. it. The dissatisfaction and unrest which the pestilent social agitators are continually : trying to arouse by an appeal to the de- structive impulses of human nature has RO place i in a conntry likeours. There is ” no’ secial condition. so low that men have “Hot fisen’ ‘from it, and they can still rise from it, With few exceptions ‘the pri- vate wealth of our country has been: ac- -cunilated by those who now possesa it. Most‘of them began poor and humble, and by thrift, industry, economy aod self | denial, they toiled up the’ascent to _pres- ent success. “That road 'is still open: AG large” per cent of the men who will be | 3 rich fifty years hence are now poor, Or | they. will’ be the sons of men new: poor. is “only laggards, cowards: And mals -Conténis who: would destroy ‘or obstruct). 7, : tbe way by whieh: their’. children “OF: they themselves might rise. . Hin ble foundation upon which it. was: formed trust of creeds. |. ideas. - “bora here” or abroad, whether: they “a are it lifts: tis head bat: her will not Tend® ‘hier self to. a movement: ‘that: would | proclaiie.: . a. certain. rengious.f ‘Faith: _sponsibility. of. the individual. - 3 Ley Were, ‘expended: onthe part of social. j teformers’ cata: their By. ‘nypathizers i.. iry- : i We See the” Tepliblie & at ihe ihe: of. a to: Ost nomen tous” ‘century, in: the: history: We have’ so far met every difficuliy: aud triumphed” over évery danger, “bue: thee generations that have: passed away: have not exhausted the fields. There: are sth. problems te’ be met and solved.” ' Pros perity cannot exist among one class une. less it exists among the others: > The: man whe toils with his hands and the’ man who toils with his brain have a com! mon interest. There are perhaps three. things which are more likely to’ under mine the foundation of the republic than- any others, and these are sectional jealee ousy, conflict of social Classes’ and: diss. No nation ‘can’ flourish if one part is hostilé:-to another” “parti: There can be no north, né'south; no east no west, but a united effort forthé ad vancement of the ififerests Gf ical com mon country. A liberal: education: Wi tend to develop a trué~ and= ‘devoted American spirit. It will rise: ‘above’ ay row partisan views. It will’ develop’ ine telligence in thought ‘and action; beth within and without. political party. ‘nes. Tt will not permit social caste:ér religious creed to be the basis of a. man’s: fitness for office, or of his devotion" YecAmerican At “compels! ith to" realize: ‘that’ political’ organizations’ must be: ‘without regard: to whether: thei ‘associates: “were Catholic ‘or: Protestant, Fen or: ‘Gentile, bankers" Or: bakers, professional’ Menor dttisans. «The man “with*a, Tiberal” édticasS tion’ is: “bound towhate: “bigotry” wherever” every. maria Digot. because he “embraces “A liberal education, impresses the. Fee If less. en-.- mice ‘transform all the. world at once = : aid each - indi vidual: would exercise what - ‘Pinfluencé fe Could “in: bringing _ about’ a ; better condition: ‘ot. affairs 1 in his own little citcle of” acquaintance and influence, an jiimian progress” secure upon: the: ‘8ta°"| impulse. would’ be given to advancement | THE SPECULUM. a social ‘conditions that would . bring about a social revolution. The Christian ‘the individual and its central thought is “Ipany talents, what hast thou done with hem?” In the divine economy, I see no o Hagen why some men may not be as di- “ vinely called to make money as to lead *. pations or command armies or conduct great social reforms. The manner in which they use their wealth is the thing for which they will be held responsible. The earth was made for man, but it is not necessary that it should be exactly ,. the same.to each one, nor is it required “tHat.the earth and the fullness thereof should be equally divided among all its : “ahabitants ‘There was given to man in the begin- ‘wing avery simple world, but its possi- “ Bilides: were infinite. We must therefore eee of man as marching from one to eee New. ddeas must come each day. There . can “be no such thing as a fixed social life or “politics or religion. The world will make. new thoughts. Kings. have at- _tempted to make the human race stand Poon = availed to keep crowns from failing and “Hiberty from springing up from the dust. phe: Calvinists attempted | to make their feed. ‘perpetual, ‘but what flourished so Ronpbanly, ina ‘past Century dies sud- oe ‘Chath is ; cainied along. by the same : rresistible. ‘growth cf the race and boast- Ho ol beigg:, founded on arock still finds ote the: Fock: moves. The. oa of the Sof mmoney, “chiréh: “and © “State ‘religion emphasized the emancipation of. ‘the. idea of stewardship, “I gave thee so | oat. to. Pal rach: one: Jaind. ‘all the: powers cannot . ee the: human’ intellect or poo the A 3 aeore “| animal: life. . Most of the older philoso. ja! '-phers, and botanists, however, regarded | the nd reduction of seed as a mere. process.of | ae wea analogous’ to the’ production oe Bigs eaves. - ae sts “recognized: a sexual - difference an aera from the ignorant and depraved classes, in the main, that the foes of human liberty — arise. It is. the problem of our age to find that politics, that morals, that social phil- osophy, that religion that shall give. the greatest aid in man’s development: ~Let us study these problems. Let-us remem- ber that cur institutions are on trial and can be preserved only by a free and. in- telligent people. There was inscribed on that magnificent peristyle in the beautiful Court of Honor at the Werld’s. Fair an old prophecy, which, by honest and earn- est efforts on the part of all good citizens, will in the evolution of the years become more and more a reality,.‘“Ye shall Know the truth and the truth shall nas “Fou free.” | . 1. SCLENTIFIC. Le Rambling Notes on Plant Breeding: By W. M: Munson, Crass om ’88. - (Professor of Fiorticulture in the Maine State College.) ~ | Previous to the beginning of the seven: teenth century, little was known about the | phenomena of ‘plant life save that which. may be learned’ from dealing with plants in the practical operations of general agti- culture and gardening. It was known,» for instance, that roots serve to fx the plants in the soil and to supply them with food; that buds develop into. shoots and that blossoms precede fruits and seeds. But so far as known there was only “a very indistinct notion as to thé connection between the essential organs of flowers and. the formation of perfect seeds. Since the time of Aristotle, comparisons have. been drawn between vegetable and the’: tithe of. Pliny natural- THE sPBCULUM. cialeiian a eee Tt DD planits: ‘But this differénce was not associs. | a@téd with: the process of reprodiction : Plants wére distinguished as male and-fé 4 1 gamber of varieties and forms” hasbeen of the: hature of organs held- at this time, | the coliparison with animal reproduction was Hot drawn. to its logical conclusion. *_ To Rudolph Jacob Camerarius we are - indebted for the establishment by careful - male but because of the teleological view experiment (1691-94,) of the fact of true sexuality in plants. The work of Came- rarius was verified by Keelreuter- and | Sprengel some eighty years later; but these men were in advance of their time and “received little encouragement. In spite af the conclusions of Keelreuter and Sprengel, of Knight, of Herbert, and of Joseph’ Geer tner’ many able botanists ’ déubted the general prevalence of sexual- ity UY plants even so late as 2830. © | “?Tast a century age, in ‘1793; Konrad | Spréigel published a work on the “Fertis lization of Hlowers,” in which the princi- ple aftérwards more fully worked out by Darwin, that nature as arule provides for . ér6Ss-fertilization, was suggested; but not tintil the appearance of Darwin’s admir- ible work -on “Cress and Self-Fertiliza: tion in the Vegetable Kingdom,” in 1876, Was the lmportanceé’ of : éross- fertilization | ‘and-of thé proper selection of male and : feniale ‘parents. fealized ‘to any great -ex- tenEL? Offspring: “tPherée are about’ £07,600 species ‘of flowering plants, and of these 4,233 species aréidiown fo havé furnished food for . nrait ‘at some ‘timée*_ either: habitualhy OF { OF this number | during famine periods, about’ one-fourth, or ‘méré than’. 2,006 apédies;are or: have at sometime been cul- Bat iiany ofthese: Species: present artes ae withoue muiber, 2.2 ae dp ye ae have: each, Bivens more: € that S000 of tan. -and the intelligent: ccultiire. bf. ae Bane producing edibie partes: gans best fitted for -self- perpetiiation, re : the species, to such an extent that ‘sone | Species would-be utterlysinedpable of ex istence: if dropped’ frome ealtivatione - worthy Not until. that time were there: any | i iniportanit™ ‘systematic efforts made to-ap- | . ply the principles of selection ‘with awew | x Bich ‘trapstnitting certain definite qualities te 7 Us in its alld ‘state: aves: Ray" a: “supeesds [ook the White Blephants: ‘ot the: Hebrons: | Orthe Burbanks of to-day. 200; péa ‘and bean each: E56) ‘and oth i species, fram 10 to 106 ir. mores: ‘Now the developnient ‘of this. “gtea the gradual outgrowth, in many easesy cénturies of care and selection 6n'the pan. ‘The apple, the: pear, ihe ‘bean, the cabbage, wheat and sonie’ ‘others’ are ‘Known to have been undef cultivation: for 2 more than 4,000 years; while most of otft ~ cultivated fruits and vegetables have been _ cultivated for from 500 to 2,G00-yeats. “0.6 In the progress of civilization the: He. ginnings | are ees limited. o Phere f custom of gathering: foots andi Srne pide 3 oThreus oh allih He ages nature has been produseg: ‘plan best fitted 10 meet thé struggle to ae énce. - She has ‘beet: developing ‘Slants OE the Strangest constitntions™ hed WHEEL gardiess of other features; ) "It" recuneed for man to develop those “organs: “best suited to his needs; and this he -has: donc; regardless of the natural requitements, “of “Ve ery. few plants now entivated. “ubpe ‘a “ob cultivation ‘ty the wild state; “the : radish i An: HS: “wild state! tee Te mae The tomate, long: grown. as a-curiosity and. called even. wathin the? wmemiory: ‘OL! Some “now living, : the: “love apple,” is very small. and: insig’:. * Hificant int its wild state; while’ the aj ppler » ps searcely: larger: than- a wild cherty. tivated for human food. At: the present Lh. time there are about: 300 different, species.” dade: cultivation: deat an important extort: te Phe: ‘first: step-in. thé ‘improvement ofe plants: Was: the: observation by man that... : “Certain plants: were ‘good for food: Dare! oof ARTE Says han was ‘first attracted to edible” the a apk op them for food.” plants-by° ‘obser y ‘ving that the apes used. ‘Necessity is an import- - yaa att “ane: factor 3 ify, ditecting the first Step: “The er ranster ‘of edible plants to the placé- of 24 ss PHE SPECULUM. ee : habitation was @ very natural second step. -- Usually the plants were. those. growing - do the immediate vicinity, so that this step \ consisted simply in affording better en- vironment. In. some cases, however, . plants were obtained from relatively cis~ » tant places, thus involving the principal ° ob acclimatization, which, at the present ~ day, is regarded as of the. eed im- portan Ce. “Fhe selection of the best individual . plants constituted the next step in the scale of improvement; and until a com- paratively recent date this was the high- est point reached. But- during the last twenty years a marked advance has been made in the application of the laws of heredity to the production. of improved types. _ .; Breeders of fine stock, are not nnmind- : ful ‘of the importance, ot pedigree. A Sunol and’ a ‘Naney. Hanks | are not the ‘chance product of. the prairie. They are ythe result of careful crossing | and selec- “tion with a definite end in view. The “phenomenal. dairy cows of the present day. have. been. obtained in similar ways, sand we know that very. diferent methods sare followed, in producing: different ty pes. Bo: in’ the vegetable kingdom, crossing --and'selection, combined with suitable en- ‘vironment and intelligent culture—in tain. fixed. types. in view, afford.a fascinat- ‘practical agriculture, 5... ie Js: perhaps unnecessary ce ae time ‘to. go. into. sdetails. concerning the act of pollination’ of. ‘the; aprocess. of fertilization. “Suffice it to say In the: wechanical opera- - -tion_ef:crossing, plants, the first act is to th emasculate., the flower intended as the female: parents: : Ebis. done, the flower is -ecovered with a paper sor: touslin,. bag till p the: stigma ~ matures, when, ents As: applied .and:; the. ‘fldwer is. ‘again _ mixture. of foreign: pollen: ee TE -other, words, careful breeding—with cer-. ig. field for. investigation, and one.of the | highest importance’ ia: its, bearing upon ie “pollen, from : «the individual designed as. ‘the. male. pare ent, Species. of the pollinations made are effective in producing fruit, even with those plants which cross very readily, the results .are highly satisfactory. ? At is well proved, as stated by. Bailey in.a. recent lecture, “that crossing is good for the resulting offspring because the differences between the parents | carry over new combinations. of characters, . or at least new powers into the Crosses. It is a process of revitdlization.” . Darwin was the first to show the value of this re- vitalizing of offspring and that this. is the ultimate end of ‘cross-fertilization. He showed that. “self-fertilization. tends’ to weaken the- offspring. as compared with its natural: condition;.that- crossing. ~ between different. plants. of the same.vas riety gives stronger and. more. productive ° offspring than arises from. self-fertiliza- tion; that crossing between stocks of. the same variety grown in different places ‘or - under different conditions gives, better offspring than crossing between. different plants grown In the same- ‘place or. under © similar conditions.” He alsa showed that | as arule flowers are arranged so as.to provide for cross- fertilization. In fact the whole matter is summed up in. the one aphorism used by Darwin: “Nature | abhors perpetual self-fertilization,’ = The limits to which cross-breeding. i is | either possible or profitable. are not yet well understood. We have accepted, the principle that occasional cr ossing of close- ly . related plants—-plants . of the, same species—is beneficial in strengthesing the ' offspring; but crossing plants -of different species tends to produce . variable. off spring, and if the diiterence in the parents is wide, the offspring is often weakened. So the famous aphorism of Darwin.-is changed by Bailey to read: “Nature ab- hors ‘both perpetnal . self- fertilization. and hybridization.” 3 ‘Some of the most valued prochicts. ie garden and conservatory, are. the.results - : : SE Ay bridization—cressing.| between. differs. Covered to await? development - “of. fmitey, (In careful. work. the tnale: parent, as: also: 7 : covered. with. a. cbag., tes, prevent. apy. ads “In some . groups: of, plants,: atm ad “however, hybrids are very tare and.diffi.. « _ cult: to.obtain,, while in: others. hybrids, are. ) frequent. . For, example, the: mustard,” THE SPECULU Me, - es family, which includes .some of, the most important garden Ve: setables, | bas” very ‘few hybrids, while the different species of the orchid family. cross.very. freely. Asa rule, closely. related species will cross readily, while | widely diuterent species cross with difficulty.” But here again isa rule which has very marked exceptions.’ It seems impossible to cross any of the varieties of the winter squash — —Cucuréiita maxima—such as Hubbard, ‘Sibley, etc., with varieties of summer squash or with the pumpkin—~ Cucurbita pepo; while we feel safe. in saying the cucumber and the musk melon cannot be crossed. In commen with animals, cul- tivated plants cross much more readily than do wild plants of the same species. - An illustration of this fact is the success- fal cross between the peach and the plum but the offspring of this union was a ‘mule (4. ¢. a sterile hybrid}. . Any one can perform operation of crossing plants, but the hap- hazard uniting of individuals is of little To breed plants intelligently I- value. have said we must have a distinct type in inind and work toward QUE | ideal. eh oaye ‘ception of the’ effects likely: AELATE “festations of infliéyce, 0° | Immediate effect: of: polled ~dn the par. ent frvit:-may properly : Abe: considered, ‘al. word “Secondary effect. of crossing: “SIDGEs thes reciprocal crosses. are mot. always ae: “prime. object of all pollinationis, the: “pron |: iduction of .seedj: but. because : “abe ES) i portance at 15. usually. considered: aga: ‘dis-} ctook-neck, but I have. never. There has: long, beens 2: tinct, question... ‘warm, digcussion:as.to whether there: are any, inimediate. ‘external’ effects:.of: LOBE | bie. evidence-at hand. at, ‘the. -pres- sot Gime. would. indieate.: that: ‘within. cer | usestricted limits: théere-is san-imme:. ; | ot wariety, or what may be the underly - Ow | | problem. diate visible. effect-of:. pollen—as.. SEEN, in . ie. pea: ‘thé bean: and * “Indian..corn+ ther hand) itis equally” certain: that the mechanical : ‘por In. order to do this, we must have some con- ; to be ptow |. duced. ‘The. ‘effects! of: ‘créssing: may be ‘considered under. three: distinct: -Q@TOUDpS + Ammediate effect.on-the patent rut; ase. inal effect, or.the: effect.:on. offspring = Bees : -condary ‘effects, including 3 all “other: maiit- | saiiie;, no inatter. which i is. used asthe oso . ot the. female: parent, » yo aby . | péssible,. however, to” pes our. moa | bush. scalloped squash with ; the: Surry 1: bush scalloped.- Other cases of a ‘supilar : the: greater: portion. of: food: plants, . wwhich |, ete WP have receiv ed $ pecial ‘study’ de Je hibit immediate’ effects of opoller # other | Species are in”, ‘dispute 2 question temains one, of a problems.” ing, as would be expected, ae the offspring; and it is’ of. the: Greate Importance that care be. aused: in the selec tion of parents. If the parents “are. ve different in character the offspring 5 wit | probably be weak. In other -words:: be yond certain limits, the more, violent. th: cross the weaker the offspring, 2) Buta ee before stated, the CONVENSE | AS. Re races 18 mere. vigorous. thai: te var e] Tn breeding . plants... a8, we : mee : ‘the | same. “general - ‘Fules holds Neve breed for. tmore!.than:.one: character a once. TE bréeding « for, color: and i is wished to retain, ze, and: form, it fed tion of these chatacters’ TD. ‘the: ‘pare at 3 In selecting parents, ‘the: question: ant urally arises as. to. which. shall: be: emiad the male and which ‘the female ‘parent if arder:to -produce:certain probable, results dt-svas: formally held that-in. case of a hy brid the female’ parent: gives. constitutic and vigor, While the «male, parent. gives forth, size; cdlot, etc. At. thes presen time, however, dE 18. generally. concede thatthe results. swill. approximate! your et fens female: parents at. will, In. other “Ble, For example, I-may cross: sayellow yet. “been : able te cross the crook- neck . with, the Be nature are not. infrequent. “Why: this failure? Is it due toa constitutional ee -cuilarity ; to the form-of the ovarkim ;: to. a 7 weakness of the pollen of the one . species ing cause? Here again is an unsolved ‘TI might speak of some of the s se econe ar THE SPECULUM, 3 éffects of pollination; of the effect on form “and size of fruit; of the stimulating effect | “OE pollen; of the possibility of superfoeta- elon} and other related ‘questions which “seem of much importance in the study. of 2 plant breeding, but these rambiing notes a “are already far too extended. : “Bot what is the significance of all this f “taille about breeding? From the earliest “ities, by conscious and by unconscious | ‘selections by natural and by artificial in- “tércrossing ; by culture; by protection; by “@ares-in other words by éreeding, our ‘“eoltivated plants have been brought ‘ta : €heir present state, They now demand “thé Same watchful care on the part of the “grower, as is required from the - breeder “ob the better classes of horses, sheep’ and “éattle. “Well bred plants, as is true of Pavel bred: animals, can net stand neglect. | “Aas wellas Canndtive stock. - Pos before - ‘noted, the: highest step’ in. he: aeproverient’ ‘of planis—that of cross- brdeding—~is™ of < cOmparatively’. recent. origins: Ttis the climax of all effort in thie ditéction; aud to it we must look ‘in our endeavors to secure hardy or other- Sige desirable ‘sorts of fruits and vegeta- ‘eplesin: the shortest possible time. In this “way we may hope to unite the quality of “gore Southern. varieties with the hardi- : ness and pr oductiveness: of our northern TERE: fila ishew and promising. The experise: as’ ‘conipared “with ‘that attending stock-bréeding + is slight; whilé the results are!-miore: quickly known and are far- reaching’: dn’ their value:’ To insure the Peso ssultsy ‘However, we thust-first learo: ‘ihiore. of thie awe’ Obtaining i in this branch “Of Stience; we niust know ‘more of the re- ations Between catise and. effect, that we inay: ‘proéedd* along the most profitable ditiess< But “in'the’ search: ‘after Jaws we tay follow the: ‘priticiples: ‘already: egthb- fished “atid: may-tse those ‘plants. which: ‘are: of eCoridnic “importance, that’ per-. | ‘Ghante tHE preliniinary work may ‘BOE be | : cwithout immediate ‘practical value. (SY = cs : . . “. . aan eee WARRL a aE pies : Me Pee en ee ; "The freshinan élasd hag sity: seven fmenibers Tour | een : a those - which: Te: shelters, : THE SPEC PUREISHED MONTHLY DURING THE COLLEGE GE YEAR, BY THE STUDENTS Or THE MICHIGAN SPATE AGRICULTURAL ¢,0LLEGE, rs Parr. Tznms, 7o CENTS 4A NEAR] SINGLE NUMBERS, Cents APVRRTISIN HATES MADE KNOWN ON APPLICATION, | ee All subseriptions will be regarded as continued, unless we are notified to the contrary. ee _ BOARD OF CONTROL. W, C. BAGLEY, «© ~ - Plu Delta Dheta Fraternity, #ditor-i th-Cbhief. _ ss “s ABSSOGIATH EDITORS. F, EE. REYWOLDS, = c. PL ‘Close, Delta Pau Pelta Fraternity. - Olympic. Society. fs. MASSELINE, HH, FLAKE, | . Uniot Literary Soriety. me Hesperian Sodiety. 7 W, ©, Stepping, S. EH. Furros, ; _, Beleckie Society. _Cohanbian Society, . Mt. W. Bo. TOM, = oe . .,)\ Business Manuger,” I, L. Simmons, a Asst, Business Manager, Sec. 1 4. Burrzrrimip, = - nm ‘Treasurer. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, SEPT. 15, 1844. Notice to Subscribers. The business management has fourid it necessary to require ail subscriptions to be paid in advance hereafter. If yow ‘are in arrears with your subscription please _ attend to the matter at orice, otherwise your. names will be dropped from onr subscription ° list. Address ali busiiiess communications to . | M. WwW. FuuTon, : | Business Manager, 7 al _ ANOTHER college year: with its rourid of work and pleasure is upon us —dull, monotonous work, with but httle time. far enjoyment, it may seem to some—tg oth- ers it may ‘be a work full of-life and io- : teresty. the performance of which is pleas- | loure in itself, -but whatever - | ‘|swhatever the year before us may: bavéin i maybe,» smtoregwe have. done ‘our: part, ifveith- “strong: jnited.. effort, owe strive: forthe: “prosperity of, the. ‘college . and: the: ‘welfare - Discord. 7 THE SPECULEM, _r. whether. between students and faculty, or ; within the’ ranks of either—discord can never fail to work evil. be reached, there must be har mony—-har- mony. of. ‘will, harmony of spirit, harmony of purpose. This alone, is the condition of progress. ‘THe Srecutum would call attention to the remarks made by Dr. Edwards ata recent meeting of the Bible class as indic- ative of a sentiment which exists in the mind of every self-respecting student. Hazing,in any form, is a relic of that past which we would all forget. While the incoming student should neither be . fawned upon nor toadied to by the upper . Classmen, yet he demands, and in most instances (unfortunately there are some | exceptions ) he deserves the treatment ac- corded to a gentleman. ethics of college life require a somewhat extended course of study before they can be mastered by the novice, and until such knowledge can be gained, at least, the experienced should be lenient with the failings of the initiate. Even the traditional sophomore should be able to do this with- out sacrificing a great deal of his charac+ teristic dignity. _TuRovcH the wisdom of the powers that be, our campus. is now partially re- lieved from the medieval gloom, which was wont, after . nightfall, ‘like aveurtaio. ‘green house is so brilliantly illominated when the main drive from the West ‘Gate to College Hall is in almost total darkness; why a double row of lights |. | lication, but because we considered it of “such. nature as “would forbid its. being .- adorns Faculty. Row, sven, between the five principal college buildings, the night-., dy. wanderer, must:.-3tilly pulde | his.course. | aby the. stars these. are. questions, wihich;: AG: the chance. cobserver, are, re puzzling, te say: the least. If the goal is to this term, the library Was. open: drow se ae The peculiar rary on aa ee morving. ae tba ; used more during this: period. than : could have been made is. hard to.imapiz s00n be revived: : ) remarks made sid -the-“lagt “issuebE Vie SPECULUM., concerning. society: publica |. tions. the Union: Bia thete: was ge -demane ae to envelop. it. | ‘While we appr éciate this | -evidence.of wisdoni,-it seems to us that.a : “httle better judgment might have been. exercised in the distribution of the:iamps. |! Why the neighborhood back of the |. : net meet.’ Gey could: ‘hot, fi: colleges publish matters of a private na ture? Tur r new arrangement : “of, the fea ce hours seems: mest ‘unfortunate. See the system which Was in operation tnt) en in the morning until £8 elve at nog * serch ee bea tele as from half past twelve until Six ii: the. see ternoon and from half: “past. SLX antl ie past nine in the evening. These. were” hours that could accommodate everyou Be: To be sure they were longer than tn: most: college libraries, but it must be. retnemc: - bered that the time of students. here: igs taken up during the day almostientirely by classes, farm and shop labor, avd: Jabs | = oratory work, so that per actically. the only time that can be spent, in the: fibeaysome: S sists of the spare tooments- just: before. chapel, directly after’. inner: and, ee a rane een in the. Aas veth Dow 2 any other, save, perhaps; during. he afters | noon of the sane day: Upon what lea changes so". -deleterions e the? ‘college It is tobe ateeee thar. the. old:s system na will : “Tun Ce Lat: takes: exception t 40 othe “To the: various” BOCTETION; PE aah ge ap ao justice. fo the: whole : “Tue Sercurum-has. already cote 41. ceded the latier-siatement and suggested: 7 aremedy. by. which such matters | could: 1 be published . without’ injury: to anyones’. oT his point: Was conceded Het because we ~ food consideréd such n made public. -In case such matter can. be-made+ public. it. may appear in THE: SPECULUM. with'as much propriety as in: a any other paper of open circulation. | 28 PHE SPECULUM. — ee a <'BHe Union Lit next makes. the state- ment that THE Srecurum has not lost a ULE. S. member from its mailing list ‘since. the first publication of their paper. lt: “might be well to remark in this con-’ nection that several subscribers to THE SPECULUM, while they still appear on our lists ‘are in arrears for their subscriptions, and evidently have their wants supplied -elséwhere. Be that as it may, the Cnzon Lit is entirely evading the point in mak- ing” this statement, as Tue Specutum in criticising the society publications was not attempting to defend itself so much from present dangers as from those which até likely to threaten it in the future. It ‘Gannet be denied -that the Alumnus who rééeives all the important. news of the col- Jég€and that portion of the Adumni in which hes most’ interested, by meaiis “of . his! society paper, can. ‘after a time find * it possible” to- get along withont Pur “SPECULUM, | : 3 : COLLEC GE NEWS ao Pe fe M BOTANICAL LABORA TOR ¥, ; ere is an extra’ class: in botany at 5 o’clack, to Ssdecomimodate j jubiors who are back .in that subject. S an The addition to the botanic garden is now ready 0. fore cthe setting out of plants. The seed for the grass walks has already been sown, 3 Nore ‘FROM THE ‘HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT. . ee HEF. Danning will-be assistant superintendent ee in: abe. poultry: department at the State fair, The. demand for. the July Raspberry. Bulletin has. - been. 0. great that the supply,. &, 500 copies; is 5 exhatisted. A second edition of 2,000 Coptes has been a ordered. Gene Boo ee “One i awe niéeds of: the college, dénion- stidted by this sitimer’s: drought, is 4 ‘sufficient sup- plydfiwater with which to water ‘the lawris, and the _ yegétables.and fruit trees of the gardens. The. ‘poultry: house: and yards are completed and: will: he: stocked with, birds: about Oct, 1, Incubators: “liwHl be-urining by. tat, time. 0B hand, seven. of the leading: varieties of chickens. Prats, SOB: Heiges, -chief of the. Divisioa of Potnal: ry “egy: of the Department: of Ce at _Washingiog, op F wt oa ede: ‘held at: Brooblyn, WY: piled ihe” State ‘Poreuieursl Sectety. "apee tH Re 4c SEP eeh. 1G. “.- Davis attended: the: Cotivention: ‘of the! : “South: ‘Haver: and: ‘mnde* “as eas -thifough bali rr JE Aaaeeiean Association. of Econemic Entomologists: sd . | Bp during. vacation, . Sohal. dy Bde nh. ph BE 2k. EIOWBE section. OF: the: State,’ Pecos eee Professors: Taft. and. Davis: attended: the + Summer, -Necessity aud Methods of [rrigation. 7 Who said the faculty was Feaky? | State, Aug. 23d, an a vacation trip. ; with their daughter, Mrs. _ At present there’ are’ |. ‘. their home in lowe. meeting of the State Horticultural Society at South: Haven, Aug. 21-23. Several subjects of discussion. were, Injuriotis insects, Diseases of Fruits and the. The fruit growers of the lake shore were present in large mune bers and nearly all took occasion to visit the sub experiment station. They ex pressed satisfaction with the work being done there. | The Horticultural Depariment will make EH, an exhibit at the State fair in the line of wax fruits, models of vegetables, garden seeds, novelties in veg- etables grown this year in the gardens, and new vari- etics of apples and pears. There will also be shown methods of pruning frukk trees, methods of grafting and budding, drawings illustrating propagation of plants, methods of greenhouse construction, and the tere common diseases of fruits Aid vegetables together with insecticides and. fongicides. eee oe ABOUT EMERe CAMPUS. “BRE roof of the observatoty is béing repaired: 57 We are pleased to hear that Mrs. ‘Weil is rapidly recovering. The total number of classification cards takes! mit: mt this term is 250. ' Miss Lilian Wheeler expects to start for California the first of nexi month. The annual report of the State Board of Agriculture for £03 has been published, : : Professer -Smitii’s motnen started: for New. York Mr. aod Mrs. Willlam Kedaie were the guests. “of _ their brother, Dr. Kedzie, last week. Miss Bertha Holdsworth, niece of Pref. Holdsworth, . has entered the regular college work. Mrs. ‘Weodward, of Evanston, Il, is staying with “her daughter, Mrs. P. M: Chamberlain. nes Mrs. Philip B. Woodworth aud het son, Paul, are . visiting the Woodworth farnily at Centreville. Mrs. Nellie Kedzie, Professor of domestic economy, . atthe Ransas Agricultural College has returned: te. her: | home, : All of the old rubbish stored in Abbott Hall ‘pase: ment bas been removed .and.- consecrated ia the flames. Meg and Mrs, Barclay, who spent the summer. here Noble, have, returned to “Professor Vedder attended the Abgtist meetivg of. Bo er oe “Mie Mtheridge, of Chicago, M Ire. “Snell, 98 St. Johns: THE SPECULUM, ville, NM. Y¥.,. and Miss Derotha Vedder, of Ithaca, N, ¥., are the guests of Prof. and Mis. Vedder, The entire heating system of Abbot Hall Bas been taken out and the brary furnace with a new system of pipes and radiators i¢ being put in. The class rooms on the secand floor of College Hail -aré being wired for electric Hghts. They will be op- erated from the experimental Brosh dyname. L. C. Brooks will have charge of the mechanical and horticultural exhibits at the State Fair. H, BE, Van Norman will have charge of the dairy exbibie. Numbers four and five of the series of press bulletins were issued during August. Number four is on the ‘Stinking Smut of Wheat.’ Number five treats of “The Russian Thistie.” The Street Car Company will furnish wire and current and the college will furnish poles and lamps to light about sixty rods of the toad from the entrance toward the president’ s house, At the greenhouse are several semi-tropical plants in’ fiuit—the Afese cavendisati or dwari banana; the Musa sapienium or regular banana of cammerce: a guava ’ and a pomerranate, President Gorton and Professar Smith attended the Tri-State Grange picnic at Bawbeese Park near Hillsdale, on Aug. 22. President Gorton gave an address on Agricultural Education. About 160 of the college population attended the Y. M. CoA. reception. A well nrepsred program was rendered, after which the remainder of the evening was spent in social games and conversation, Dr, Kedzie has lately received a Fairbanks patent improved grain tester for ascertaining the exact? weight of a bushel of any kind of grain and the per- centage of dirt or foul seed in the grain, :An. -effart.. is being made .to get the Michigan : Weather Bureau transferred to Lansing and placed - under..the control of the State Board of Agriculture. , The. object is to make the bureau of more service tc farmers, Qa. Lhursday, sept. 6, President Gorton and Troc- tats Kedzie and Beal sitencded the funeral of Helen. Wells, daughter of Hon. Franklin Wells, af Constab- tine. college, Lieutenant E. A. Lewis is at Port Leavenworth; Bad Kansas, attending the examinations for promotion, The lieutenant is the.only mae in the division ofthe - army. : to. which | “he. a assigned who: is. staking: ed 2xa mination... Sokeagheara _& beautifal Horai tribute was. sent irom the : wolWeeks aga’ DE. ‘Giarig ge was $ called” 6 ; Manistee - tO vestigate: a fepdited’ outbreak of foat and tacit | i Wo. 26, the State. resembled the foot and mouth eoaee of Europe. yet : ti Was tot the same, Late reports state that. the. affected animals, about twenty in all, are cured. . The faculty, out of the innate kindness of its: heart, _ excused students from all college duties on the after- noon cf Labor Day, Sept. 3. Many of the students availed themselves of the opportunity ta attend the. races at the fair grounds. Severalof the boys par’ _ ticipated and were successful in winning prizes. Prof, Crozier has made some observations in regard te the production of seed im the Canada thistle. In. some patches of thistles the flowers are all staminate, - in other patches they are all pistillate. Ip the neigh-- borhood of the college only two patches: have been = found that have perfect Howers and a ‘produce es The Northwestern Farmer published at winnipeg Manitoba, has considered the veterinary bulletin; Noe” Ifo, by Dr. E. A. A, Grange af sufficient: importance, . to be published entire in its columns. \lé-Has.even: gone to the expense of making cuts showing ihe: ‘points: of interest in the horse exacily as is shown in the” bulletin, _ one Hon. Alpha Messer, lecturer of the National Grange: made the college a second visit on Monday, Aug. 27--~ * Mr. Messer is also master of the State Grange: of: Vermont and is intimately acquainted with the work “ done in agriculture in the colleges of New England. -. He expressed himself as highly pleased, both with © the equipment of M. A. C. in agriculture and horti-. calture, and with the methods of instrictién: He. lock speciai note of the student labor and fegarded™ that system as one. of the niost important, features of OUT. college. He noted also. the many: ibprovenie “Indicated a healthy growth. FARM DEPARTMENT NOTES. Eades : Pilty-eight acres of oats on the farnz- wave. a yield of ee, 2,400 bushels. so 3 oe ee —_ i The first crop of Lathryus eeeeets ‘produced: ‘an abundance of hay, but little or no seed, The. secand: : crop: produced wood seed. oy ° The variety test of wheat gave the following. yields ° oper, acre: Poole, 38 bu.; Egyptian, 38 bu.; Rudy, ab ba. Beihh aoa OCeoy, 36 bu.; Clawson, 34 Bus: anid: ‘Earl y Red Clawson, 32 ba. 7.) “Sparks: from an engine'on the D. L. & N. Railroad “Started a fire which burned over about one-half of field ‘Fire has also been raging in the south woods cy ate Tee, of where one-half mle of rail fenee has been burned, 7 Assent: Ovsyankitis of Ver kine aise: fede’ Like” 7 . Bailéals Siberia, whe: was: a ‘student Hate twee Months; a Meas eft, for: Hamburg, 6 Gerin: =) ‘ORL ibis! way hone: te iw Ninety bushels of golden. shaft seed: wheat from , Canada hasbeen recelved by the : Agricultural” . Deparinent, and’ has beer distributed to farmers of Three bushels of Currell wheat has been | . received from Kansas, and will be sown for’ ‘experi ment on the fart, ‘ A ‘comparative - féeding experiment with pigs. is” eHSeaSE 6 Sinong. caste a that place, ‘While the disease * a being conducted to test the relative value of ground | ¢ wa” . THE SPECULUM, ee “0d uoground wheat, with a limited amount of fresh : $kim milk. The pigs are divided into twa Ipts of five each. “Phe object is to ascertain what the value of wheat sis for fattening swine atthe present low price of the “gtain, “Bhi Angoumis grain moth is ‘creating quite a dis- turbance in, the agricultural museum. The world’s iets: grain exhibit, both in the litthe boxes and the large cases, is being badiy eaten and filled with the “yee. and dirt made by the litlle caterpillar. This pain moth is a serious pest in the south, but it ““geldony - comes this far north. Undoubtedly it was {Drought to the agricultural building in the exhibit Bron, ome other state, and was then brought with Lear exhibit when itreturned from Chicago. Several : Made are new busily at worl on the exhibit with ve er ed baese cater Tas ihe: oe shop's students are working entirely oe Blue pn as. Vinvectual ee This has been a ” | Brof! “Woodworth: ‘an a recent ee Egon eater ‘opportunity. to purchase such neuen evev caval the: fact to titis Coaus We ated : assaciation:. Se kt ota east foe Grasses. ay — and wash room BEN, recently been painted, | a | Pton’ 3: weleare: he: read” ‘a Paper. oh. Sealey: afte: whieh: ‘thie: “HonS ‘Alpha. Messer; Lecturer. _ Before: the Society: fer: 7 | aay to Bee: ‘the: cadets: ditt paler which, they. wet: F their, several: ways homes shat at ot ; Py LL Professor Wheeler was sent to Charlevoix by the’ station council to investigate areport of the presence Russian thistle at that place. The genuine -Russian thistle is there, but is confined to aspace of about two hundred feet along one of :the principal streets of .: the village, It was probably introduced by means of bailed hay shipped in fram the northwest where the thistle is prevalent. The professor brought back thirty-five plants which have been pressed and will be sent to different towns along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan for the purpose of giving people iE. idea of the appearance of the pest, that they may rec- ognize it should it appear. A FARMERS’ PICNIC, The tri-county farmers’ picnic held at M. A.C. on. Friday, August 2gth, was a complete success. The jolly picnickers ‘began to arrive at 7 o'clock a. M. and soon hundreds were scattered over the campus visit- ing all poiuts of interest, The management states that 3,500 ceople attended the Picnic. Everything was arranged to accommedate the crowd as far as pos- sible. (Guides were all about the buildings and grounds to show things of interest to visitors ard a check reom in the armory was SU hee) for their ac- commodation. Same of the people were taken it by @ practical joke which several students could not resist playing. Signs setting forth the wonders of a museum of Wax figures were posted about one of the entrances of Wells hall. About ese people climbed three long flights of stairs to find nothing but an empty hall-way- with arow of locked doors on each side, Most of them returned smiling, while a few “couldn't see any thing f funny about it.” _ Dinner was served at neon and by ta’clock all was ‘in readiness for the toasts which were to be given in the armory. The armory was crowded with peopie, and yet it seemed to make no diminution in the- crowd outside which was scattered about the cam- a : , : F. A, OQsberne responded to ‘The Farmer as a Spoke - in the Political Wheel;’? Airs. Amanda Gunnison re. sponded to "Co- education at M. A; C.;" G. Carpenter responded to “A typical: Hen'’s nest;? Mrs. H. C. - .|: Everette to “Fresh air; and Jerome Dell to “The 7 Gates Ajar,” | “After. a. short qieemeesion the Eelectic Society oo “A Spehieatea rendered a. selection which. was followed ‘by: oar a adiréss-of > wéleome by: President - aL. G, Gorton, ne! “The Union Literary. Saciety siting quartet entertained ee gon pcthe: audience. with a.selection; and: Hon. O. G.. Pen- ee aon fad: ne pee The Sugar Maples of “Canmat / hell-was: called. -apon: Ce Mehigadi Att the: smeeting ‘of. the: Botanical Chi. of: fa, srespond . to President’: Gore: Geoige. Fisher of ‘the: college. sang &: Sonor : the ‘Natioral: Gratize:: ‘spoke: ‘onl The. Grange.!?s: sco Ae four: 8 clock: ‘the: Visitors: dsseinbled- Ott: “thie aan: THE SP E C ‘Y i a Meo ae = a a Le PERS ONAL S.. We desire the earnest co-operation of every persou who has ever heen connected with the college in try- ing to make this department an imeresting one. Let every alumnus and every person who has been with classes here send in news to the editor of the depart- ment, often, thus making: tis work much easier and ihe department more interesting to all. ae eA REUNION NoOTES.. The triennial reunion of 1894 will jong be remem- bered by those who were present as the mast success- fil and happiest reunion ever held at the college. The ‘old boys’? came from all over the United States to Visit at least once more their Alma Mater and to shake hands with friends who had become almost as dear as brothers while working for a common cause during their stay atM. A.C. The bearty laugh was passed around frequently and all had a pleasant and profitable time. The alumni dinner was served in College hall, on Friday at 2 PF. M. Tables were spread in the chapel for 300 and still more than loo more compelied to.eatonthelawn. The toastmaster for the occasion was Hon. Chas, Garfield. The toasts were inkerest- ing, well rendered, and brought back to mind CAN y. incidents of former days. . After dinner, about 5 P. uw, the alumni atiourned to the chemica! laboratory and transacted the necessary business of the association. “A proposition to publish a scientific quarterly was discussed to some extent but nothing definite was decided. The following officers were elected: Business Officers--President, M.D. Chatterton,’ 63; vice président, C.J. Foreman,’ 94: secretarys F. 5, Ked- zie, 177; treasurer, P. B. Woodworth, '86. Literary officers—Orator, J. W, Beaumont, eaiee alternate, C. B.. Collingwood, "BS. | Poet—J. E. ‘Hammond, eye Hoyt, 785. . Historian—W. Babcock, 89; alternate, Jas. Satter. jee, 69. - Aftersome discussion on tatters of tocal import: ance, the association adjourned until 189). At § o'clock the alunini’ program was tendered “in in the armory. The program was an excellent. Ore in every respect. Ht showed that, the grad Bales of MM. A. C. Possess literary as well as business abilities..4/:- The president’s address by Dy. Strange af én called alternate, Ch as. H, in the institution during the last few years. posed some important questions as to the. changes | in the course of study, such as ashorter course and spec. - ial courses in dairyibg and veterinary: © . . The historian, Oo, c. Howe, of | BS began with some f. 7 pleasing ‘yeferences’ ‘to the Brst, days in’ coliega, He} gavea Wefy thorossh and ‘compte! bee “sketch of the’ nine fs . graduates. wha. had died since Sgn. RUSE Rn eee 7 . Education and) Me, Relation: ic. tbe ‘Beate’? + was, # abe -r - pari of Tue SpecuL um. i ‘SuanvardeD hak. ‘Gage: Ca t c: jonata manny a liberal’ education. ‘He pattlcularly, ahesca influence of the teacher on. the future citizens GEO Oe nation, The dddress is published i itt, fall ant t asSHTat A poem writtert by H.W. Collingwood. esp: Bod read by ©. ‘B: Coliingwoed of 85,0 Was "ADL eee tribute to ole college days. Old stories Het: ever. . new, were presented im am attractive and NERY, jn teresting manner. ee ne ne The invitation, ‘Come, and trip it. ass - ye E05" : ou the light fantastic toe’? was accepted by. shan y and, | kept up tilla late hour. The next day nearly all went home well, satisGed, a and with the feeling that the bonds of ftiendship and. patriotism which connects them with their Aima Mater, : had been renewed and strengthened... ok eae = The following alummi registered, at t the: physiead | laboratory: DB pas auf Chas. EK. Hollister. Pee oe WErH, bi, AM. BD, Chattertea, AL. Gunnison, 5. M. Miflard, an W. B. Cobb, BD, Strange, i Hi Jetiniss Geo. T. Beasley, ee “ j. 5. Strange. oS “Wis ‘fo. =&#B, EL Benedict and wife,” oe W. ‘Garkeld., = J. Sessions and wife 2 Chas. Goodwin. . = "Wriee! 16. ie a 2 Boveily, oy ER & Kedsie and wie, Co i. Goodwin “Bac ° WW. kK Piades, . pe * Buck,’ Ae Ke ‘Robtison. OES. : T Troop, E. Daveaport and wite, AW. 8. H sidsworth end a0 : wife, ‘EL 0. Eade and wife. aftention to the many changes that had Deon wroaght |: Tt Bro. i Big. ein “ SAGE ee © B, Samer, ‘AL ze Crozier. a Poa DB, 8. -Liticol, a Sherwood: os Sag ee Ly re aaiphy, 7 aw; SC aLEES B. Coulter, Mrs. a E Coulter,” oe ASL. Bid ane wite, A c. ‘Redding GO. C. Howels.. re z. Bash, pa THE SPECULUM. —2 og BE 7 “Winw Bas . eed wifes a sarc: ‘and. wife, - «.. RB. Collingwood. and EH Hoyt, JJ Bush, H. M. Wells, 7, D. Towar, L.A: ‘Breegar Pp M : Chamberlain, 1 H. E.. ‘Haron, Bree: W. M. Mitnson, | ues ‘Patmer: R.’'S. Baker, W. H. Van- Hilson, & al. ‘Jenks, G. C. Davis and oF raieg ©. A. Turner, WwW, Babcock a EG. Clark, Hi. am Ward, G. R. McColl. ck W Peet Bs Gs Bros, HE B. a m ate He an bea Be ee. Sete BoE Slag pepe ss es H 5 “whitney ¥ Watkins me B. “Chapmiany. J: oe are ew. Barker, S. J. eee aa Calonita. hee vent Hie. sonwers a Be ie place the Text: mornlagy: “Ht e. haa. asad 0 as. instrlietor. at the California Assembly, ee I Cresby, & ‘ Bristol, Is ye ae ware Cook, AL Te Rae As : te Charlevota, Mich.. oe a . Col of Detroit.: oo ee Ki. Hi. Jennison was present at the reunion. The fact is remarkable since it was the first reunion. he attended in 20 years. | WitTH ’69. Lewis G. Palmer, formerly State Senator, Ate the U. S. District Attorney of Western District of Michigan, is conducting a successful law business in Big Rapids, Mich. 76, . jJatnes Brassington, lawyer at Hatt, Mich., has chosen for his avecation the management of an ex- tensive fruit farm, C. &. F. Bangs still continues at his old trade, that of druggist, but has moved from Arcata, Calitornia, ta Grand Ledge, Mich. W. W. Bemis visited the coliege Atigust 3o. Ira B. Gage attended the reunion for the first time since graduation, He is not married but is the mayor of Dowagiac, Mich, a OFF. OT Prof, W.C, Latta took in the reunion ‘and atthe same time examined the horticultural and agricultural laboratories, with a view of building similar struc: tures at Purdue University, Ind, . Winn ' TF. . Zebedee Beverly bas been ‘renominated, “without | opposition, for register of deeds of Cass county, Mich, Be , A. A. Crozier’s bulletin on ''The Raspberry” is:in such demand that he has issued asecond and some- what enlarged eclition. F. E, Skeels is secretary of the Rent county egricul- tural society and chairman of the board of supervisors of Grand Rapids, Mich. - WITH 78. Dr. Corcoran has an extensive tiedical: practice in Huron county, Mich. oT WITH "50,0 + HH. H. Mills holds the position of captain in. the Whittier State Reform School at Whittier, Cal. _ WITH 733. . W. 5. Kirby conducts a jewelry business. at. ‘Lan- sing, Mich. Mr Beaman hasa dourishing drug eétablishment he B: Bates has accepted a be position, with Mober at ct yo oe Hall deri ins war Hf aepartingit at Washi ngton, a at ae a wet wes PO od THE SPECULUM. agg ‘ard Evarts Weed, of the Mississippi Agricultural Col- | ‘Jege, to Miss Edith Estella Freeman of Lausing. THE SPECULUM extends congtatulations | and. wishes them along and happy life, .- : Prof. G. C. Davis ‘desotibed anew “species of mealy bugs that lives. ch the clover root before a. meeting of the American Association for. the Advance- ment of Science recently held at Brooklyn, N.Y. He also tead a paper on “New: insects of the Season.’ a WITH 89, : _ Dr. J. J. Howard has a steadily increasing practice -as. physician and surgeon at Byron, Mich. *9a, Dr. Js- H, Mullett and Miss Clare Pemberton Stepped into the sacred boat of wedded life, Aug. 22. THE SPECULUM wishes them a tong and successful voyage, B. F, Simons has taken the entire management of *, the firm, GB. B. Simons & Co. of Lansing, Mich, a WITH? "gO, - Paul Woodworth, U. of M,, '93, is practicing Jaw in: ”. Huron Co., and is alse deputy prosecttting attorney of the same county. Pret, C.F. Baker of Fort Collins, Col., made a mountain-trip.during his vacation. He encountered many. difficulties but accomplished his purpose in. “finding many bugs and in picking up several new “ species. of plants. -He found some arctic willows two “inches high, at dn elevation of 12,000 feet. shortly after writing the above, we received the .anpouncement of the marriage of C, F, Baker and “Miss Ninette Evans of Fort Collins, Col. The cere- : .Mony occurred August 29. THE SPECULUM extends. congratula tons. G. A. Goodnough visited his home at Davison dur- : ing conitheticement; but failed to call at the college. -K&. L. Butterfield is doing excellent work as editor an of the Grange Visitor, The “Our Work” edition af ANE. 16 J ig especially interesting and instructive, . Edwin DeBarr is professor of chemistry and physics in. the University of Oklahoma. Bo Db. W. Trine will. ‘not return to the ‘Maine Agricul. - ‘tural College, but will engsge in fruit: culture at. Springport, Mich. - . ae Wine? 92. a . &. Percival recently. divided. his time een the : : “college and the young ladies: of. Lansing: He’ was ‘on : his return trip. from, the. bicycle’: meet in Colorado,if M : ‘nae 2: ts. "Bhs is. “put. three! seconds. more. ‘than. the: _ i where he represented the Boston Journal: and thie © aS -eariship ofthe t on ee oe a in, ._migehanieal _enbibest ee } come Tibeolpnate. aie. has:hade he: offer of tthe . AL &.. Basabaga'h has ws veces a. Sesttiona as: inistiictor. Pes ATHLETICS: FY WW. Kramer j is manager f fort the ensiting year, aodha s 19. 10-61. as University, . of | Emile Smith,‘ M. E, Cornell, 94. is doing. special. work tn electrical engineering, eee oe E. H. aS is reported. to: be. in . very: y- poor : health, tas C. J. Foreman has received the appointment of | assistant - librarian, . = tC. C. Pashby succeeds Mr, Hatch as instructor: in mathematics. E. V. Newell will act as foreman of the machine shops for the fall term. H,. W. Tracy is in Maine working for D. M: Ferry . & (To, R, 5. Campbell and wife stopped a few hours: at the Be college Aug. 28, while ou their way to Saranac, whiete a Mr. Campbell will commence his work as me i ‘te ndant of the ce OoAES a 2 a Wood worth, “He is’ ‘taking charge ce “tte oor ee is ee father’s farms. _ oe | Wire’ a4. 0 “ s _ Haskins, the ruuner, is still on the track. Be wou: the race at Imiay City and claims to “have e scooped ; - $325,” rr H. D. Baker writes: ‘i aoe beén working’ for watiaus real estate concerns ever since leaving éol- = ' jega, ta various capacities from ‘Swipés’ to manager = —-sometimes including all the intermediate stages?" F With the Cae of the lass’ t! 26 7 z ie! tollege toses { two of her best: athletes: and” iiost. spopula Caer = Mr. FL R, Poss: and Mr.: “John We: ‘Rittinger oF will be hard. to: ceplace, ; -bat: perhaps by eer eat some new ones. swill- ‘be. Geveloped. that are waiti ng “— them on the pase Salt: fed: Me. Ao eo best stock in the. lass.” “On Sept. “ast. ndey layed Se practice game - with a: bine ; picked “frit: the: “other. classes i in ihe fe eglieee gy was defeated by’ a, ‘score. (OE fer: .M. A. Co won! “her. me ot: thes prizes:¢ on ere oe ‘consid ering the number oF contéstatits fron the college, oe » HE? ‘Ce “Gaudern’ WOT ASE: Tit ‘the’ ‘halfmile. This: _ time. made: by. tacyy: ne Vpsilanti,. The race-:was ‘College. index. OAM -retir fie thanks: te-Président Gorton of the Agri- Senltural© ij eke f6r ati. Pyultation- tc. the commence- Sei ee ECISe es recently: held. For a practical, thor- = one ScIenUHE € ducation thereis no tistititien in the = orn A States superior ta: oureosit A Agdcunure fal Cal- = ee cee ae die ¥ sie Babee eit! " Whatue grand. oppartinity: is effered- by. the literary: See Whe or ele: college for. the: cuitivations. obthé: best: 2 hers: Stee easta aside. Bethany, Collegian: - WORTHY: ‘Af auythibig is the. dott. of one of. the: leadees oS wee Molhodist preachers | in Texas.\.: This inotts. is: eel e words the careful consideration. of every. Gre. 2) eee Mone Bes xelianne Se opien to" “opportunity” aS. walt ‘ag to other-thines. 1-2 is, and how. waritonly" this: oppottimity” ‘1s. + decline: nothings: ‘het catrive ke Bb. ie Have: ee thelr paper Snes, “hs Prof, Turner of Edinburgh, receives $20,000 salary which is the largest renumeration of any coilega professor in the world.—Zx. ' The public free schaois of the United States are at present educating 13,250,000 children. —A®. ; “Pray answer ie this What shape is a kiss 0 maiden mast charming and fickle.” “Why sir,” answered she "Tt seemeth to me That I surely should cali it Adlip-tickle.’—fa In Prussia teaching is a life business, and the teacher is a State afficer, who receives a pension when he becomes incepaciated by age for profitabie labor, Celege Treaings. aru Martin W. Hudson, Proprietor, Open Day and Miett. a ha Dairy funch —-AND-— yster Fiouse. 121 Washington Ave. 3., Lansing, Mich, Markey “LIVERY CROTTY BROS., TRY. 106 and 105 Washte- naw? sirect east. Books and Stationery, Washingten Avenne North, THE SPECULUM. °F ray T ens SP mancr ewes? DETROIT, MICH. THE ONLY- ——» . DEPOT i ie: GENT Ral: MICHIGAT. oe i # ST U D E N TS . a _ We buy and sell more. speck: than, we Will find the largest stock of Carpets, Curtains, Blankets, any other drug firm ln, The city. - _ : Bea ‘Soreads, Ready-mide Sheets aid Pillow Cases and all - " ip = ~House-furnishing Goods, at Dat BURNHAM & CO.’S. TRAT EB Prices always the cheanest. . 44n Michigan Ave. E. THE PROGRESSIVE. DRUGGIST |04—Washihngton Avenue North — 104 THE SPECULUM. eet ee me OME made thin and light, for ease and comfort; others medium weight J. Nee ANG heavy as the occasion demands,—a// attached to uppers of as good "materials as are known to the modern art of shee making; some of fine Aan- “garoo; many of the popular Preach patent calf stock; others of Russia leather in tan, color: and-black, made up in pretty styles, serviceable and. long wearing. _ sie dave added to. our already popular M. A.C. line a new shoe known, — as the Needle Point, or the late razor toe style}: somewhat lighter. stock: and... hand-sewed shoes. . We offer these at $3. so per pair. a rr 2 2 : “Thanking you for your liberal patronage, we wish you 4. plegsant vaca: tit: and will: be pleased to see you ail next term. : 3 Pad es 490 3 Wa SHINGTOMN AVE. SOUTH. ' W. E. TRAGER, PEALER IN ‘s. & E. SHARPSTEEN _ Photographers, Corner¥ Washes cae rst cies (Successors te passer dea -) We: are always ready — fake views Or srOUps:: No pour, work allowed te leave: our. -gallery. a PHOTOS: ON ‘YOUR. WATCH, | roe : othe oa nPnES a 8 teia "of ‘posiness farming, 4 is a | bask farm: : un, Bit or ‘Linen: SEO apg pian tohaveand gladly buy. °° epee ore ee ; STUDENTS: can make 3 money selling: it. ' | : “4 = Writé to W.Anprrog: & Co. Reece eee New York cin THE eee _ = TO Apvernise IN ° All College People, Students and Faculty, patronize our advertisers, “Are essential garments i in ‘this, climate. and. if. oe you think of owning ‘one’ 7 fancy it will bé to” your advantage to see what Lam showing in: that. a oe Bags Te way before making your’ purchase. There is: nothing j in the way of a top coat that ‘will afford — you the same pleasure and comfort as a first: class Mackintosh. My Wool Coats are all cemented, strapped and sewn on, and guaranteed water-preote. 300.09 - PAT FE crs ied fora ms are & AovEbas 7. foc ca On the. market, ‘at the price, than the ‘Men’ S: Un. : dérwear I offer at‘ONr DOLLAR per suit. Carry all the different grades i 10. “the ‘finee qualities, and at right prices. eT Le ‘s@omplete | lines: ‘of. Hats, Caps; Canes, Umbrellas, oo Shirts, ‘Hosiery, Handkerchiels. Students’ patronage. respectiully. g THE sSPEC.ULU M. =. SCHOOL, OF ENGINEERING, ae ” ESTABLISHED 1824, Locsl exAmunations for entrance prov ited Tot. mend for s, catalogte to the Director. eer ae FINE LINE OF — oo Le TELLA, Diamonds, Watches, Clocks _ Roper lie of Five Waiches and Jewelry ‘Jewelry, Siiverware and Optical Goods on hand. a specially. 7 a . ' aan Lansing, Mich. | HOLLISTER BLOCK. °° i SPECIAL RATES TO COLLEGE STUDENTS. Pare ? : ‘ 7 XT. Make A.M. Emery'’s Book Store your head- - a i: i Po quarters whiie you “wait for the wagon.” - uur ee A Large Stock of “College Text Books and ‘Stationery, Miscellaneous Books, Albums, 7) Gold Pens,” | Paintings and Engravings. | oie War t's Fountain. Pens, : ° Prof. Maclwan’'s $100 Library ig, Picture Frames and | ‘Wall Paper tn Stock, Gilead Rates oS Students. wos Ave. A. M. eM E RY. 7 SEVERANCE BROS. BAKE RY, «OYSTERS: | RESTAURANT, aD CONFECTIONERY. IGE CREAM. : - 106 and 108 Waste: 7 I TV ER Y _ = oO ae paoe casi... : pests Washington Avenue South. LansiIne, MicH. Pe ee | Glasses Carefully and Aouretely Pitted, Oe LANSING, MICH, THE SPECULUM, Nasty’ Ss Gem Lunch, a 7 Washington Ave . South: LEADING LUNCH COUNTER : Im’ THE CITY. . Good COFFEE, OYSTERS, PIE, SOUP, Ete. ee"Open untt! mid night. Me errocn. UNIVERSITY | a, ST nn MEP! CAL SCROOL, (SHICAGO MEDICAL COLLEGE} | NE S. Davis, M.D.; Lhe “D, Dean. Offers a carefully graded course of four years. in the Liniversity courses, which are specially preparatory to the study of. Medicine, take advanced sland:mnyg, “The new egparate buildings for Ww ‘ork, and additions to Mercy ihe terchi ing facilities of the Collere, For circulars of information address the secretary, | DR, FRANK. BIL-LIN GS, 3 State St, Chicage, | Goltege’ =< Opposite Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL. ‘Fhe Winter term begins September, 1894, and ends April, 1895. Total fees, Fis each Winter term. and a isboratary de- posit, which is returnable. Porer snr gtaded COUTSER, arith advanced standing for sradwaies in pharndcy atid uhiversity preparatary courses prior. to the stidy of medicine,’ and Fabordtory facilities heise cre apnital elreudar ot inférmation apply to E, Quine; 1. D.) ' Pres, of the Paculty, 813 W.. Harrison St., ‘Chicago. | ‘fies, “Proenred in + the: Uw. S., and all a3 . foreign countries upon the ingest Tteascnable terms; trade-marks, neo ip peo le eee oe Et ee oe antl patent ‘Baginess ae every description “promptly an and i skillfully attended to: 85 years! ex perience. eé report whether invention 13 patentable or not free of charge. Onur fee not due ont] patent is wilowed. St. page: book iree. - H, 8. Wirnsenw. & Co,, Putent Lawyers, rr -Washinglon; D. aa Lr —r THE NAME us REMEMBER $30.00. ta $50.00 ceca on many. ew. ‘and a » second-hand Bicyelea, Lists free, Over _ -_ :, #000 ‘4m stock. Cash or time, ™ AGENTS. WASTED. Graduates _ of Physicians and Surgeons, ‘Hinicak copyrightisand labels, rest stervel , Z| laboratory and clinical . eSpitak, very greatly ierease Srantir sot lef ga®l Wa wala nes ‘ielcedl' to show _ you ound and. ‘Winger. iad “Tailor its _OVERCOATS, HATS, | CAPS, | SHIRTS, COLLARS, _ THES, SOCKS, JEWELRY, AL KOSITCHEK. & BROS. The Réliahle Oothters. Are headquarters five Staple and Fancy. ‘Groceries and Choice Tiutier and Fresh Eggs always op hand. Give ue. cal ee * Provisions. Fruits and vegetables in their SEAS OR. 319 WASHINGTON AVE., NORTH. Whether FOU pay glasses oF not. oe MY time and sil 1 is at ‘your aervide. SP oe OPTIGIAN, | _ “At gee Jewelry Store, Hollister me ‘ Tre ¢ ice ¥ us is. Ao jouer ian the: Sees Pe _ the. Parfaines and: Foret: Aad fag. ie" a selling. at ‘ Biiees: Ant ch oe then nig * We: aretidnlqna Be ee wed Re ‘te iE ATE shi: ¢ a nee | os — artes" Tot eversthing: : Rruguvete- ee . “ . wae os "t . ws . " ay . - : - ° . ” ay, ener a Ae Bing eee eee one, 7 we we THE SPECULUM. Capital © ‘ity Toye Works roo IWaoashtena2. Street West, Ladies’ and Gents’ Garments Cleaned ang Dyed in the me Best Style, ; a wf ae - Kid Gloves Cleaned and Dyed. ; Ostrich Feathers Dyed. 7 _FYench Dye Cleaning @ Specialty. Att orders promptly attended io. A, G. BISHOP, Prop’r. Dean Park. Merely to Announce That we WANT the College trade, abd] will give all there is initFOR ET.. “Weve got the Goods,” wiih the — style, Fit, and Prige—Right. PARK SHOE HOUSE, «’ J.A. Park, 107 Wash, Ave, N, a oe “Offer nearly every day, special bargaing in Watches. Jewelry and Novelties. . ‘En these goods they are able to give their customers the advantages of the latest styles at wholesale prices, : mint the art tok WATCTE REPATRING we ae no supéxiors, VIELLS 4 Moreoam.’ fs r STUDENTS KNOW _ ‘THEE ‘VALUE OF * PURE CHEMICALS "2222.25 PURE DRUES When you want the Intest novelties in reading matter, or the finest quality of - pure drugs and chemicals in your prescriptions, call on . as. WASHINGTON AVE, SOUTH, . + F. B. RAYNALE, PH. C. Books and Stationery, Washington Avene North. SF OWN KERN, “eater in all kinds of Fresh, Salt and Smoked | “ “ ° oar wet . ~ — . we oe . ~ POULTRY and | SAUSAGE. pi Fete Te “228, ‘Wasbington Ath aE HUDSON HOUSE. _ Barber Bi tao LW. CAREY.” Proprictr | 200 Washington Ave. § LAN SING, MICH, JOHN HERRIMA NN, . TAILOR, | a 818. 2 WASHINGTON AVE, ‘Me a ee rey . RIVERSIDE « GREENHOUSES,