OCT OBER  1 6 ,  1884 

T ABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 

LEADING  ARTICL ES-
COLLEGE  DAYS, 

BUDDHISM  AND  I TS  I NFLUENCE, 

TH E  NEGRO  VOTlm  I:-1  SOUTHERN  CITIES, 

sc~IE  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKgTCHES, 

SCIENTIFIC-

COLLEGE  LlGHT  AND  POWER  PLANT, 

NOTES  ON  H OT  \N ATER  H EATING, 

REPORTS  OF  SOCIETY  MEETINGS, 

FROM  THE  LABORATORIES, 

THE  RUSSIAN  THI STLE, 

EDITOl<IALS , 

-

COLLEGE  NEv\"S, 

PERSONALS, 

ATHLETICS, 

COLLEGES  AND  EX C HANGES , 

HU\11.0RUUS  !:IAPPENINGS, 

35 
36 
37 
39 

40 
4 1 
42 
43 
44 

45 
46 

49 
50 

51 
52 

PRESS  OF'  THOMPSON  &  VAN  BUHEN, 
Lansing-,  :Mich. 

Eutered  at  the  Po  tomce  at  Agricultural  College,  lllichigan,  as  Seconcl-c1ass  l\fail  Matter. 

JFA ~~~m~ ANT  ~ 

PADDACK 

OR  FALL  OVERCOAT, 

Hat,  Cap,  or  anything  in  the  Furnishing 

-

-

-

-

Goods  line,  give  us  a  call.  All  goods 

ma rked  in  plain  figu res. 

L atest  Novelb"es  for  Groups  and 

117  l\ l ichigan  Avenue  E:1st. 

Friendship  P hotos. 

H.  H.  LARNED, 

Spedal  rates  to  stude11!.s . 

-DEAi.EH  JN -

HOLLISTER  BLOCK,  LANSING. 

TAKE  ELEVATOR . 

TELEPHONE  247• 

l5o  you  v.·o;n.t  o.ny  . . . 

}-{ cvrdwa. 1s , 

Speeial  atte11tio11  giveI)  to  oatai11i11g 

tl\e  0e¢t ¢ty le¢  of  laII\.pf 

105 ' Vash111gton  Avenue  ou lh, 

LANSING,  l\IICH. 

You  will  find  the  L aq~cst  A sso1tm c n t  of 

Fine  Boots  &  Shoes 

.t.T 

o.zors . 

H.  A.  WOODWORTH'S 

115 N.  Washington An. 

3f  oo ,  try  .. 

X.or ton' s 

Rcpairtnc 

N•atlf 

D•..i•. 

Open Day nnd  Night. 

:!Hartin  ' V.  lfudson, 
Proprie tor . 

WHO L ESAL E 

. . .  and  RET A IL. 

-HUDSON'S"' 

BERTCH  & CO. 

Fre5h  G\nd  ©@lt 
fVJeG\t5  ... 

> 

333  "Vil ashing ton  A ve .  S ou. th . 

®<!tir~ ~hllil@~ 

---AND-

~~ste:r ~©hlse:. 

J21  \ Va:-hingto n  A ve .  S.,  Lan s ing,  l\Jich. 

RIVERSIDE  GREENHOUSES, 

LANSING,  MICH. 

THE  SPECULUM. 

Business  Men 

•• •• 

• • •• 

Frr  D  THAT  IT  PAYS 

TO  ADVERTISE  IN 

•• • • 

• ••• 

All  College  People,  Students and  Faculty,  patronize  our  advertisers. 

Are  essential  garments  in 

this  climate,  and  if 

you  think  of  owning  one  I  fancy  it  will  be  to 

your advantage  to see what I  am  showing  in  that 

way  before  making  your  purcha  e.  There  is 

nothing in  the  way  of  a  top  coat  that  will  afford 

you  the same  pleasure and  comfort  as  a  first-class 

Mackintosh.  My  Wool  Coats  are  all  cemented, 

strapped and sewn on, and guaranteed water-proof. 

Nothing Nicer 

On  the  market ,  at  the  price,  than  the  ]\fen's  Un 

derwear I  offer  at  ONE  DOLL,\R  per suit.  Carry 

all  the  different  grades  in  the  finer  qualities,  and 

<.) 
\./\ 

at  right  price ·. 

Complete 

lines  of  Hats,  Caps,  Canes,  Umbrellas,  Ncckwear,  Shirts, 

Hosiery,  Handkerchiefs.  Students'  patronage  respectfu lly  solicited. 

Elgin  M ifflin. 

RIVERSIDE  GREENHOUSES, 

L A N S I NG ,  MICH. 

THE  SPECULUM . 

RENSSELAER  POLYTECHNIC  INSTITUTE, 

TEOY.  N E VT  Y O EE:::. 

A  SCHOOL  OF  ENGINEERING. 

ESTABLISHED  1824. 

Local  cxam111alions for  entrance  provided for.  Send  for  a  cat:i.loguc to  the Director. 

CHAS. A. PIELLA, Diamond~:'W~;~;;;s, Clocks 

Repui·ing of f ine  Watches and Jewelry 
a  specialty. 

Jewelry, Silverware and Optical Goods OD  hand . 

.  .  .  .  Lansing, Mich. 

PARMELEE  & JESSOP, 

IlOLLISTER  BLOCK. 

FINE  SHOES 

AND 

RUBBER  Cooos 

SPECIAL  RATES  TO  COLLE GE  S T UDE NTS. 

COLLEGE  BOYS 

Make  A .  M.  Emery's  Book  Store  your head 

quarters  white  you  "wait  for  the  wagon." 

C ollege  Text  Books  and  Stationery, 
Gold  Pens, 
W ir t's  Fountain  Pens, 
Picture  Frames  a11d  Wall  Paper 
constantly  on  hand . 
Redztced  Rates  to  Stztdents. 

A  Large  Stock  of 
:Miscellaneous  Books,  A !bums, 
Paintings  and  Engraving~. 
Pref.  iliacEwan's  $Ioo  Library 

in  Stock. 

Mlchi~!!A1·e.  A.  M. EMERY. 

TRY- - -

FOR 

106 and 108 Washte 
miw street ea  t. 

LIVERY 

SEVERANCE  BROS .• 

BAKERY, 
RESTA URANT. 
CONFEC T I ONERY . 

OYSTERS 

AND 

ICE  CREAM. 

226  Washington  Avenue  SouU1. 

LANS ING,  MICH . 

HOURS-0 to 12 A. ;11.,  and 1 :30  to 5 r. M. 

L A NSING,  MICH. 

OFFICE  IN  HOLLISTER  B LOCK, 

RIVERSIDE  GREENHOUSES, 

LANSING,  MICH. 

'f iHed. 

T H  EJ S  PE CUL UM . 

.. .. .  117  Wahington  Aye.  South. 

LEADI NG  LUNCH  COUNTER 

JN  T ll E  CITY . 

Good  COFFEE,  OYSTERS,  PIE,  SOUP,  Etc. 

~Ope n until  midn ight. 

N Q RTl~WESTERN tl NIVERSITV 

MEDI GAL  SGi;\00L, 

(CllICAGO  ;lfEDICAL  COLLEGE) 

N . S.  D AV I S ,  l\1 . D., LL.  D.,  Dean. 

Offers a  cart:fully gratle<l course  of  four years.  Graduates 
in  the  University  course~,  which  ~ire  specially  preparatory  to 
t he study  of  medicine,  t<1ke  advanced  standmg. 

T he  new  s:epan1te  huildino-s  for  laboratory  and  clinical 
wor k,  and  additions to  .\'l l·rcy  Ilospital,  very  g-reatly  incn::ase 
th e  h::ic h ing foc il 1th:s  of  the College. 

We wou lcl be pleased  to show 
you om .Fall  and W in ter 

. 

OVEltCO.ATS, 

H ATS, 

CAP , 

SH IKl\' , 

COT.LARS, 

TrnS, 

SOCK , 

J EWELlW. 

H.  KOSITCHEK  &  BROS., 

T h e  Reliable  Cloth ier ·. 

8. N.· STONE  &  CO., 

T HE 

~LEADI::t-JG 

GROCERS 

For circulars of  informntion address the secretary, 

Arc  hendquarters  fur  ~taple  :rnd  Fancy  Groceries  and 

DR.  FRANK  BILLING  , 

Provisions.  Fruits  and  vegetables  in  their  season.  Choice 

235  State St.,  Chicogo. 

Rutter  and  Fresh  Eggs always on  lrn n d.  Give us a  call . 

Gollege  of  Ph"Y'si c i ans an d  Su r g e ons , 
Opposite Cook County Ilospital,  Chicago, Ill. 

T he \ Vinler ter m  begins September,  1894,  and  ends  April, 
1895. 
'J"ota l fees,  $ 101i  each \ i\Ti11lcr  term .  and;\  laboratory cle· 
posit,  w hi ch is returnable.  F'our  annual  graded  courses,  wnh 
advanced  standing  for grndnatt=s  in  phan11acy nnll  university 
p reparatory coun;es  prior  to  the  study of  mt:dicine.  Clinical 
a n d  labora tory facilities unsurpassed.  For  annual  circular  of 
inf or m ation apply to 

\ V.  E .  Qu1NE,  1\L  0 ., 

Pn.:·s.  of the Faculty, 

8 13 \V.  JJ arrison  St.,  Chicago. 

PATENTS  Procured  in  the  U.S.  and  all 

foreign countries upon the most 
reasonable  terms; tra<le· mtLrks, 
copyrights and l~1hel.s rt!gistcn:<l 
a11cl  patent  bu~111ess  of  evt::ry 
d escri ption  promptly  and  skillfully  attended  to:  2.)  years  ex 
\ Ve  report  whether  invention  is patcntablt'  or not 
pe ri ence. 
fr ee of charg·e.  Our fe~ not  due  until  p;\le11t  is  allowed.  32· 
p~t ge book iree. 

1 l.  B.  \\·1u. .. soN & Co. ,  Patent Lawyers, 

\Va~hington, D .  C. 

THE  NAME  TO 

$ 3 0 .00  to  $50.00  saved  on  m any new and 
aecond-h a n <l  Bic ycl e s ,  L ists  free.  Over 

2 ,000  In  stock.  Cash  or  time.  - · 

A GENTS WANTED. 

319  WASHINGTON  AVE.,  NORTH. 

EYES TESTED 

FREE, 

\Vhether you  buy glasse  or not. 
My time arnl SI{ ill is at your  ervice. 

f  RANK N. BOVEE, 

OPTICIAN, 

.At BraclrnWs J ewelry Store,  H ollister Block. 

Is  rio  louder  than  the  praises  lavis~ed on 
the  PerfurYJeS  arid  Toilet  Articles  we  are 
sellirig  at  prices  which  rYJake  t~em  no 
longer  a  luxurti.  theti  are  so  cheap. 

\ Ve arc headquarters for everything 
in  the D R UG  line  in  Lansing . 

.fb. f\ LsdorJ  ~ Son 

Cf1-..e:  O ru.gg\s ~ s . 

RIVERSIDE  GREENHOUSES, 

LANSING,  MICH. 

THE  SPECUL U M. 

I o6  Wa shtenaw Street  West. 

Ladies'  and  Gents'  Garments 
Cleaned  and  Dyed  in  th e 
Best  Style. 

Ki d  Gl oves Cl ean ed  and  D yed. 
Os trich  F eath e rs  Dyed. 

F re nch  Dye  Clea ning 
a  Specia lty . 

All  orders promptly atte nd ed to. 

A .  G.  BISHOP,  P rop'r. 

l\1 el'ely  {o  l\nno\.lnce 

That  we  WANT  the  College  trade, 

and will give all th ere is in it F OR IT. 

"We've  got  the  Goods ,"  with  the 

Style,  Fit, a nd P r ice-Right. 

PARK  S HO E  HOUSE, 

WELLS  &  MORGAN 

In  these goods th ey are able to give their customers the ach1nntages  of  the latesc styles at wholesale prices. 

@"'ln th e ar t of \VAT CH  R EPAIRI NG we  have no superiors. 

ll'IELLS  & 

JYfOB.G.A N . 

' ¥ hen  you want the latest  novelties m  reading  ma.tter,  or the  finest qua1ity of 
pu r e  d r ugs and chemicals  in you r  pre::;criptions,  call on  .. . 

235  WASHINGTON  AVE .  SOUTH. 

F.  B .  RAYNALE,  PH.  C. 

AND  THE  SAl\tE  RULE 

IIOLDS  GOOD  WITII  PURE  DRUGS 

CROTTY BROS., 

. Books and Stationer y , 

Wasb i n g ton  Avenu e  North. 

HUDSON  HO USE 

Barber $hop iJ Bath ~oom$ . 

FOU R  FI RST-CLASS ARTISTS. 

209  Wasllingto n Ave.  S., 
LANSING,  MICH. 

].  W. CAREY, 

Proprietor. 

Dealer  in  all  kinds  of  Fresh,  Salt and 
Smoked 

1V.[EATS 

POULTRY  and  SA USAGE. 

328  Washington  Ave.  N. 

J O H N  HERRMANN, 

TAILOR, 

218  W ASH I N G TON  AVE.  N. 

RIVERSIDE  GREENHOUSES, 

LANSING ,  MICH.  · 

IHE  SPEC (:J  L (:J  /"\ . 

Vor.u~rn XIII.-No.  3. 

AGRICULTURAL  COT. LEGE,  l'vlicn.,  OcT.  15,  1894.  WHOLE  No.  8I. 

College  Days . 

(Poem  delivered before the alumni  reunion.) 

Well,  old  friend, we 're here  together,  why,  it works 

out  like a  story, 

When  the  good  boys  and  the  bad  boys  all  come 

home, like you  and me, 

Grown aweary in  our  hunting after  butter,  bread  and 

glory, 

Back  we  come  for  a  vacation 

to  our  good  old 

mother's knee, 

And  you  call on  me for poetry, some grand and  stately 

measure, 

But  my  muse will  disappoint you,  she  is  trained  in 

other ways, 

'Twas a  life  but  rude ly  fashioned,  though  we  did our 

best  to tone it, 

But  the  polish  only  came  to  us  through  long and 

bitter years, 

All  too  poor to have a sweetheart and too  fu ll  of pride 

to own  it. 

How old  visions crowd  about  us as the mist of mem 

ory  clears, 

That  was  foresight,  now  old  mem'ry  comes  with 

criticising  finger 

Punching  air·holes  in  the  castles that  we  bragged 

about so  much, 

For  the years  have  reached  and  stung  us,  a n d  old 

dreams can never  linger 

When  the  world  has  learned  ambition  so  it  needs 

must  bear  a  cru  ch. 

She can only pick a  nugget from  the store of memory's 

All  those  big  ideas  of boyhood  time and  labor  have 

treasure, 

been shearing, 

Just a  simple heartfelt tribute  to  the  good  old  col 

Cutting  remnants  without  mercy  from  our  hea rts 

lege days. 

'Neath the happiness of meeting  there  is  still  a  vein 

of sadness 

That would  hold  the  tongue  to  silence-there's  a 

deeper, truer r.ote 

Of pathos  in  the  college  song  that  used  to  bring  us 

gladness, 

There's a  tugging at the heart-strings, there's a  big 

lump in  the throat, 

For  it  all  comes  back,  old  fellow-all  the  boyish, 

happy fancies, 

All the castles that  we  builded  in  our nest in  Wil 

liams  Hall; 

Ho\v  we bolstered  up  the  future,  an<l  accepted  all  the 

chances, 

Caring  nothing if ambition, love and  health  are still 

on  call. 

and  brains and souls, 

Life  has cut  away  the  poetry--the  hope  and  dream 

endearing, 

Now  we come to pick it  up  again  and  lit  it  to  the 

holes, 

But  we  can't  lit  in  the  pieces  for  we  find  there's 

something lacking, 

We  old  boys  are  waiting,  wishing for  old  Prexy's 

kindly  face. 

Wh e re are] ack  and  Tom and  Harry?  How their ab 

sence knocks the  packing 

From  the core of tender  memories  we  had grouped 

around the  place. 

No,  old  friend,  we've got  to own it,  through  the years 

we have been  drifting, 

And  the  winds  of  time  have  blown  us  from  our 

anchorage away, 

We have seen our last good dollar roll into old "See's" 

But, thank  God,  through  all  the floating  and  the tack 

possession, 

ing and  the shifting 

For the  State  demanded  solid  cash  for  boarding 

We have never snapped  the golden cord that brings 

guarantee. 

us  here to·day. 

What  an  appeti te  we  worked  up  as  we  joined  the 

We  have  had  our  share  of fighting,  in  rude  service 

long procession 

we've been  drafted, 

O f the eight-cent labor giants cutting dock  in "num 

But the heat of competition,  and  life's  rudest,  hard 

ber  three." 

est knock, 

How we trudged oft  to the city  in all sorts of wind and 

Still has  left  untouched  the  grafting wax  with  which 

weather, 

our mother grafted 

For ou r  only  known  conveyance  in those  days  was 

Buds of solid  coll ege  culture  on  our  half  rebellious 

"Shanke's mare/' 

stock. 

Now  they  make the trip by  lightning  at  the  price  of 

They  were  manly  men  who taught us,  there was love 

old shoe-leather-

and  inspiration 

'T is  enough  to  make the  spirit  of the old time col 

In  their  words;  though  cursed  by  poverty  we 

lege stare. 

learned from  them  to find, 

THE  SPECULlTM. 

A  pathway  through  the  obstacles  that  hid  a  noble 

Buddhism  and  its  Influence. 

station. 

We  were  taught to  know  that  muscle must be made 

BY  WAHEY  MATSURA,  HESPERIAN  SOCIETY. 

the slave of mind. 

Life  has  taught  this  mighty  lesson,  burned  it  in  past 

all  forgetting, 

That  the  truest  end  of  living 

is 

to  act  a  noble 

part. 

From the  fres;1man  to the graduate,  whose sun of  life 

is setting, 

Would  God  that  I  could  drive  that  thought  deep 

down  in every  heart. 

But  away  with dismal  preaching,  'tis the  time  for  fun 

and  laughter; 

Both  are  lying  next to tears within your hearts and 

naught between. 

Let's sing  the  good  old  coll ege song until  we loose a 

rafter. 

Look  hopefully ahead, old  friend,  away with "might 

have been." 

Though  we hardly  know our  mother  fixed  up  in  her 

fancy  dresses, 

Still  beneath  her  fuss  and  feathers  there is  honest 

sense to spare; 

There are brains beneath th e hair-oil ~ he has plristered 

on  her tresses. 

We  may  safely  send  our  children  to the good old 

mother's care. 

Seems to  me the  labor  system  has  been  changed  to 

labor-killing 

And the college course is  rapid  wh ere  it  once  was 

grave and slow, 

And we get a  bit bewildered  at  this  military  drilling, 
I  am  glad  I  knew my  mother ere  she  had a  chance 

to grow, 

It is ours  to  criticise  a  fault  whene're  we  see  oue 

sticking 

For we are all  back  numbers and privileged  to  fuss 
To help  the good old  mother with  our  influence  and 

kicking 

And  raise  another crop of  boys,  that's  job enough 

for  us. 

'J  hey  will  keep her future sacre d,  but to  us the  past is 

given 

With  its  holy  recollections of  a  time  when  life  was 

young-. 

Standing  like  some  stately  mountain,  into  sudden 

splendor  driven, 

When from  off its  face  the loving wind the dark ened 

clouds have flung. 

Then  here's ''College  Days  Forever!" may the  vision 

never leave us, 

May it rest  within  your heart,  old  friend,  as  long  as 

memory stays, 

And above the cares that trouble and  the sorrows that 

may grieve us 

May the finger still  point backward  to the  good  old 

college days. 

H.  W.  COLLINGWOOD, 

Class of '83. 

is 

Foolish 

the  man  who  conclude~ 
Christianity  to  be  a  kind  of  heathenism 
by  looking at  those Catholic  people  bow 
ing  down  before  an  image.  So  far  as 
Buddhism  is  concerned,  no  matter  how 
degraded  the  priests  and  followers  are, 
the  doctrine  of  Buddha  has  given  holy 
the  very  hearts  of 
inspiration  to 
the 
people. 
Indeed,  its  power  and  sublimity 
should  be  estimated  by  its  influence  and 
not  by  its  interpreters.  The  wonderful 
faith  which  has  existed  for  more  than 
tvventy-four  centuries,  and  in  which  over 
four  hundred  and  seventy  millions  of 
mankind 
liv.e  and  die  with  their  firm 
belief  in  the  tenets  of  Shaka-Muni,  was 
taught  by  our  great  sage,  Sicldhartha. 
Ile wa s  born  in  his  father's  palace,  sur 
rounded  with  the  splendol'  of  a  luxurious 
court,  in  the  City  of  Kapilvatsu,  in  the 
year  .ro30  B.  C.  Twelve  years  of  such 
that 
environment  deepened  his  grief 
mankind 
the 
inevitably  subject  to 
sufferings  of  sickness  and  death,  and 
is  only  vanity. 
that  all  life  can  offer 
He  secretly  escaped  one  night  from  his 
palace  into  1'he  deep mountain  to  seek the 
path  by  which  he  should  be  able  to  get 
rid  of  those  sufferings  and  attain  perfect 
emancipation.  His  six  years'  rigorous 
meditation  and  asceticism  were  unable  to 
satisfy  him,  so  he  retired  to  the  shade  of 
the Boddhi tree.  He  was  deserted by his 
disciples, he underwent fierce temptations; 
but  his clear  perception of  the true nature 
of  mind,  and  attainment  of  the  perfect 
enlightenment,  kept  him  from  diver 
sion,  and  henceforward  he  was  "Shaka 
Muni." 

is 

Shaka' s  teachings  are  extensive  and 
numerous,  but  all  can  be included  in  the 
"Hinayana" and  "Mahayana."  The doc 
trine  of  "Hinayana"  teaches  us  how  to 
arrive  at  Nirvana  by 
ref]ouncing  the 
miseries  of  birth  and ' death;  hence  it  is 
called  "the  doctrine  of  how  to  attain 
enlightenment through  the  perception  of 
Ignorance  is  the ultimate cause 
misery." 

THE  SPECULUM. 

37 

is 

Fearlessness 

of  existence  and  so,  with  the  removal of 
ignorance,  existence  and  misery  would 
be  cut  off  at  their  source.  The  punish 
ment  of  death, therefore, has no terror for 
Buddhists and  is  sometimes  coveted as  an 
the  source  of 
honor. 
courage  and  courage  brings  up  every 
vigorous  vitality  against  all  difficulties 
and  opposition.  The  spontaneous  ac 
tivity  attending  this  vigor  makes  them 
a  pleasure  instead  of  a  pain.  The  pur 
pose  of  Buddha's  teaching  was indeed  to 
bring  all  sentient  beings  into  the  light  of 
the  permanent  truth  and  reveal  the  root 
of  all  sufferings  and  lead them to tlie  path 
of  the  perfect emancipation  by  breaking 
through  their delusions and enabling them 
to  benefit  all  sorts  of  men  through  this 
achievement  of  wisdom 
and  £elicit\·. 
This  precious  path, therefore,  brings  o~t 
every  beauty  of  virtue  and  enlightens  all 
classes  of  men .  The  real  foundatiun  of 
morality  in  the  present Japan  is  the  g·ift 
of  this  wonderful influence  of "Hinayana" 
planted  in  the  very  bottom  of  the  hearts 
of  the  people. 

In" Mahayana,"  birth  and  death  are 
taken  to  be one, and  its  aim  is  to cultivate 
the  great  wisdom  to  bear  the  fruits  of 
Buddhahood. 
It is  therefore  called  "  the 
doctrine  of  how  to  attain  enlightenment 
by  perceiving  the  non-existence  of  all 
things."  Those  who  are  not  well  ac 
quainted  with  the  teachings  of  Buddha, 
often  stick  to  one  corner  and  neglect  to 
even  listen  to  it,  and  hold  perverted  and 
heretical views contrary to the  true  aspect 
of  the  perfect  emancipation.  Religion, 
however  excellent; 
learning,  however 
profound,  are  not  in  accordance  with  the 
path of  emancipation  if  they  are  stained 
with the least prejudice.  All things in the 
Universe,  whether  absolute  or  concrete, 
are governed  by  the law  of  cau  e  and  ef 
fect .  Where there  is  a  cause,  there is  an 
effect, as the  echo follovvs  the sound.  So, 
to  produce  a  gcod  effect,  a  good  cause 
must  precede. 
\Vithout  understanding 
this  wonderful law,  the  truth  of  non-indi 
viduality  can  not  be  comprehended ,  for 
by  this  law only  good  conducts  are  called 
forth,  and  the  results  of  such  teaching 

upon  the  sentient  being  bring  all  possi 
ble  virtues  and  every  sense  of  responsi 
bility  belonging to the human nature, such 
as  loyalty  to  the  master, obedience to  the 
parents,  true  friendship, love, truth  and so 
forth.  The theory of  the transmigration of 
souls  is  only another  form  of  this wonder 
ful law.  Might there  be  some  discussions 
about  the  transmigration  of  souls,  how 
ever  the  concatenation of  cause and  effect 
cannot be  denied.  When  the  monarch 
is  benevolent 
the  subject  is  loyal,  and 
when  the  father  is  affectionate  the  son  is 
obedient;  thus  all  virtues  appear  accord 
ing  to  the  essence  of  mind,  for  the  true 
essence  of  mind  is  originally  pure.  Har 
mony  with  the  essence of mind, therefore, 
brings  all  good  effects.  Least  virtues 
must be  praised  and  the ieast vices should 
be  blamed.  Those  who  scorn  the  sages 
and  scandalize  the  pure  without knowing 
them  are  never  said  to  be  noble-minded. 
The influence of  "Mahayana" and  "Hina 
yana  is  great  in  human  souls  and  they 
their  virtue,  but  all 
are  boundless 
things  are  vanity; 
they  are  only  the 
clouds  arising  on  the  mysterious  sky  of 
the  human  mind.  There  is  nothing  but 
mvstenous  mind.  So  let  us  try  to  unveil 
th"e  true  essence  of  mind  by  practicing  all 
possible  virtues  and  goodness;  ti ,is  was 
the  way  our  Shaka-Muni  and  all  other 
Buddhas  attained  the  perfect  enlighten 
ment. 

in 

11 As  long  as a  man's  heart st ray 
No step  from  his  road  of right 
He may  pray, or  forbear to  pray, 

But is  dear  in  the  Icami's sight." 

The Negro  Voter  in  Southern  Citie s. 

BY  F.  H.  YAPLE,  DELTA  TAU  DELTA  FRATERNITY. 

ten  dollar  bill  as  pay 

There is  a  cut in  a recent cartoon  paper 
of  a  Texas  politican,  who  hands  a  negro 
a 
for  his  vote. 
Immediately  after  he  votes  he  finds  that 
the  politician  had  a  string  tied  to  the  bill 
and ·it  had  disappeared  from  his  pocket; 
although  it  appears  as a  joke, it  is,  never 
theles  ,  true  in  a  great  many  instances. 
The  Southern  negro  is  the  tool  of  the 
Southern  politician. 

THE  SPECULUM. 

There  are  at  least  a  million  old  "befo' 
de  wah"  negroes  that  are  as  ignorant  of 
a  spelling-book  or  newspaper  as  they  are 
of  life  in  Greenland. 

A  group  known  as  the  South-central 
States are ltgislated over by officers  many 
of  whom  have  little  more  education than 
Fifteen  per  cent  of  them 
the  neg-roes. 
can  neither  read  nor  write. 
It is  impo  -
sible for  a  negro  to  hold  an  office  of  any 
capacity,  as  he  is  totally  disregarded  so 
cially,  and is  looked upon only as  a  minion 
of  the  white  man. 

A  man  engaged in  a  business  may  em 
ploy a  hundred  negroes.  When  it comes 
to  election  time,  he  can  direct  their  vot 
ing,  and  through  their  influence  half  as 
many  others.  Occasionally  a  phenome 
nal  negro  br::i.in  springs  up,  such  as  the 
Harriet  Beecher  Stowe  description,  and 
the  Hon.  Fred  Douglas,  who  tried  to 
remedy  the  ignorance  of  his  race.  But 
they  are  quickly  disposed  of  by  the  poli 
ticians ,  and  occasionally  by  the  lynching 
process. 

There is  a  tendency  on  the  part of  the 
plantation  negroes,  because  of  a  preva 
lent  idea  that  they  can  get  a living in  the 
cities  with  less  exertion,  to  move  into 
town;  that  most  of  them  find  it  different 
on  actual  trial  does  not  discourage  the 
others from  doing  the  same,  and  in  order 
to  keep  the  wolf,  or  rather  Southern 
'·wild-cat,"  from  the  door,  they  are  will 
ing  to  sell  their  votes  for a  nominal  price. 
The  capitals  of  the  States  named  are 
typical illustrations of Southern corruption. 
Birmingham,  Alabama,  at  the  time  of  its 
boom,  was in  the  hands  of  northern  cap 
italists,  who  made  the  ignorant  negro  be 
lieve  that if  he  offered  his  labor  cheap  it 
would  promote  the city's  growth, thereby 
increasing  the  valuation  of  what  little 
property  he  might  own.  This  manage 
ment  was  of  course  beneficial  to  one  side 
only.  The capitalists  got  wealth  and  the 
The  cheap 
negroes  got  experience. 
labor  of  England·was not  to  be  ~om pared. 
Capitalists  of  Birmingham,  Eng.,  were 
made  jealous  by the  growth  of  Binning 
ham,  Alabama.  But soon the  negro labor 
leaders  demanded  a  voice  in the  city  gov-

ernment,  and  also  higher  wages.  For 
their  pains  they  got  appointments  as 
janitors  and  policemen,  and  there  was  a 
temporary  increase  in  the  wages  paid  to 
them.  When the  negro's confidence  was 
restored,  the  whites  again  began  to  op 
press  them,  and  at present  they are in  no 
better  circumstances  than  they  were  ten 
years  ago. 

It would  be  supposed  that  in  commu 
nities  where  the  negroes  greatly outnum 
ber  the  whites  that  they  could  carry the 
polls  to  their  liking,  as  is  done  in  the 
south west,  particularly  in  N i:-w  Mexico 
the  Mexicans  and 
and  Arizona  where 
Spaniards  outnumber  the  whites.  But 
their  old  slavl:ry  discipline  comes  useful 
In  a  certain  sense 
to  the  vYhite  man. 
they  have  the  same  fear  of  the  present 
politician  as  they  had of  their  old masters. 
And  a  useful  aid  in  preserving  this  stale 
of  affairs 
is  the  negro's  ignorance  of 
the  value  of  his  vote,  and  of  the  numeri 
cal strength  of  his  race. 

One  way  in  which  the  politician  gels 
control over the  negro  body  and  so  much 
of  his  soul as  controls  his  morals  is  by  a 
system  of  crop  mortgages,  a  scheme  by 
which  these  dictators  virtually  gain  con 
trol  of  the  negro  stomachs.  The  white 
leaders  furnish  meal  and  bacon  for  the 
negroes  to  live  on  during  the  year,  i.  e., 
from  one  harvest  to  the  next,  and in  re 
turn  lakes  an  extravagant  mortgage  on 
the  next  crop.  And  he  answers  them 
that  if  he  is  elected  to  whatever office  he 
may  be  a  candidate  fvr  that  he  will  not 
exact  the  full  payment  of  the  mortgage. 
These  negroes  will,  of  course,  vote  for 
him.  At the  encl  of  the  vear  when  the 
capitalist  counts  his  profits,  the  negroes 
have  nothing  to  show  for  their  work,  ex 
cept that they have had a fairly good living. 
The  territory  in  which  negroes  pre 
dominate  is  a  strip  three  hundred  miles 
wide  reaching  from  Texas  to  Virginia. 
This  em braces  many large  cities  and  the 
historical  country  "From  Atlanta  to  the 
Sea,"  that  was  devastated  during  the 
Rebellion,  but of  late years  has  attracted 
capital  to  its  rescue,  and  is  now progress 
ing. 

.. 

THE  SPECULUM. 

39 

I  have  gathered  my  ideas  of  the  negro 
voter  in  the  Southern  cities  mainly  from 
observation  and  talks  with  people  who 
have  lived  among  the  negroes  and  who 
do  not  think  from  any  prejudiced  opin 
ions.  We  must  look  forward  with  a 
hope  that something better than  the  pres 
ent  condition  of  affairs  awaits  these  peo 
ple.  That  before  another  generation  the 
p0litical  corruptions  of  Southern  cities 
will  be  so  revolutionized  as  to  lay  the 
term  "Ignorant  South"  on  the  shelves  of 
history. 

Some B iographical  Sketches. 

C.  J·  FOREMAN. 
When  the  board  decided  that  the  li 
brarian  needed  an  assistant it  began  cast 
ing  around  for  a  competent person  to  fill 
the  position .  The position  was evidently 
thought  to  be  a  good  one  as  there  were 
several  applications,  but  when  the  choice 
fell  upon  Mr.  C. J.  Foreman  of  the  class 
of  '94 it  was  everywhere  conceded  that 
he  was  the  right  man  for  the  place . 

Clarence  J.  Foreman  is  a  nati,,e  of 
Ionia county,  having  been  born  there  in 
187 r.  When  he  was  four  years  old  his 
parents  removed  to  the  northern  part  of 
the  state, where  they settled upon a  farm. 
Mr.  Foreman  received  all  the advantages 
of  a  country school  education  until  at  the 
age  of  sixteen he entered the High School 
at  Harbor  Springs.  He  gradll'1ted  at 
eighteen .  He  then  taught school  a  term 
and  started to  master pharmacy.  He  soon 
gave  this  up  and  entered the college  with 
the  class  of  '94. 

At college  Mr.  Foreman  immediately 
became  recognized  as  a  leading  student. 
At the  end  of his  course  he  ranked  one 
of  the  first  students  of his  class  and  was 
chosen  as  one  of  the  commencement ora 
tors .  For several  terms he was employed 
in  the library  during  his  spare  hours  and 
the  excellent  character of the work which 
he  did  proved  valuable  to  him  in  obtain 
ing  his present position.  Mr. Foreman  is 
a  member  of  the  Union  Literary Socie ty , 
and  has  always  been  prominent  in  its 
work. 

V .  V .  NEWELL. 

. 

Not often  do  we  see  a  student change 
from  one  course  to  another,  but  we  think 
he  is  either  fickle  minded  or,  perhaps, 
shifting  about  trying to  find  an  easier  or 
a  shorter path through college .  But suci1 
a  change  has  proven  a  highly  commend 
able  action  on 
the  part  of  Mr.  V.  V . 
Newell,  class  '94,  who  was  recently ap 
pointed .to  fill  the  vacancy left  by  the  res 
ignation  of  W .  D .  Grosbeck,  foreman  of 
the  machine  shop.  Mr.  Newell  entered 
the  M.  A.  C.  in  the  fall  of  '85,  choosing 
the  agricultural  course,  but  was  obliged 
to  leave  before  finishing  the  term.  He 
again  entered  in  the  fall  of  '91,  this  time 
choosing  the  mechanical course. 

Mr.  Newell  was  born  in  Adams  Co., 
Ill.,  and  at an  early  age  moved  to  Wis 
consin.  He  afterwards  moved  to  Benton 
Harbor  where  he  remained  until  he  was 
ten  years  of  age.  Here  he  attended  the 
village  schools  until  another  removal  of 
the  family.  On  account  of  the  occupa 
tion  of  his  father, 
that  of  a  Methodist 
preacher,  his  residence  in  any  one  town 
was  rather  brief.  From  Benton  Harbor 
they \;vent to Cadillac, then a town of a few 
log  shanties,  situated  in  a  pine  clearing 
made  about  two  years  previous  to  their 
arrival.  The  pine  woods  afforded  less 
opportunity  for  school  education  and con 
sequently  much of  Mr.  N e well's time  was 
spent  at  various  occupations  during  the 
summer  months  and 
attended  school  in  a  log  school  house. 
At about founeen years of age he worked 
on  an  old  darn  at  \ i\Tilliamsburg  where  he 
earned  his  first  day's  waGes.  He  farmed 
some  and  taught  one  term  of  school  pre 
vious  to  his  entry  at  the  M . A.  C . 

in  the  winter  he • 

At the  age  of  seventeen  he entered  this 
coll ege  for  less  than  a  term.  During  his 
ab  ence  from  college  between  the  ages 
of  seventeen  and  twenty-three  he  spent 
much  of  his  time  working  in  the  woods; 
h e  taught some  in  both  district  and  vil 
lage schools  and  spent  one  summer at  a 
Normal  school  at  Alma,  Mich. 

At  twenty-three  he  entered  the  me 
chanical course  of  the  M . A .  C .  and  soon 

.(f O 

THE  SPECULUM . 

'became identified  as  one  of  the  best  stu 
dents  of his  class.  He was  a  member  of 
the  Olympic Society,  also  of  the  honor 
ary fraternity,  Tau  Beta  Pi.  He  was  al 
ways  a 
familiar  and  highly  respected 
member  of  the  Students'  Organization, in 
sustaining what  he  thought  to  be  right, 
no  matter  if  all  others  were  opposed  to 
him,  and  in  forwarding  any  movem·ent 
for  the  benefit  of  the  student  body  and  in 
maintaining  the  good  name  of  the  stu 
dents  as  a  self-governing  body . 

Mr.  Newell was  chosen  to  fill  tbe  po 
sition  he  now  holds  in  the  mechanical  de 
partment  before  he  had  finished  his  la 
bors  as  a  student,  but  he  was  enabled  to 
graduate  with  his  class.  He  took  up  his 
work  in  the  shops  with  an  unusual inter 
est  and  the  record  he  has  already  made 
proves  his  fitness  for  the  responsibilities 
entrusted  to  his  care. 

of  one  of  the  boarding  clubs  for  two 
terms.  He  was  an  Olympic  Society  man, 
and  represented that society on  the  SPEC 
ULU  f  board,  in  the  capacity  of  editor  of 
athletic  column,  and  in  the  '93 Oratorical 
junior  year,  Mr. 
contest.  During  his 
Pashby  was  elected  to  a  membership  in 
the  honorary  fraternity,  Tau  Beta  Pi. 
Near the close of  his senior  vear he ranked 
eighth  in  class  work, and ;as one of  three 
chosen  from  the  first  eight  to  deliver  an 
oration  at  commencement.  He  taught 
school  during  two  of  his winter vacations, 
and  was  enabled  by  means  of  his  indus 
trious  habits,  to  largely  support  himself. 
The department  of  mathematics  in  se 
curing  the  services  of  Mr.  Pashby  has 
obtained  an  earnest  student,  and  a  man 
whose  genial  manner  will  win  the  good 
will  of  both  faculty  and  students. 

C .  C .  PASI-IBY . 

S  C  IE N  TI FI C. 

Two  graduates  from 

the  mechanical 
co urse, Class of  '94,  have  received appoint 
ments as instructors at the M.A. C .  Besides 
the  appointment  of.  Mr.  Newell, the  State 
Board  of  Agriculture, at its Aug·ust meet 
ing,  decided  upon  C.  C.  Pashby for  the 
position  of  instructor  in  mathematics,  left 
vacant  by the  resignation  of  Mr.  J.  N. 
Hatch. 

Mr.  Pashby  was  born  in  St.  Joseph 
Co. Mich., in  I868.  During  his  boyhood 
days  he  lived  with  his  father  on  a  farm, 
and  attended  the  district  school.  At  the 
age of  nineteen  he  entered  the  Constan 
tine  Union  Schools,  and  graduated on  his 
twenty -first  birthday.  He  then went  v\'est 
for  a  year,  where  he  was  engaged  most 
of  the  time  in  teaching. 

In  the fall  of  '90,  Mr.  Pashby entered 
the  mechanical  course  at  M.  A.  C.  His 
colle.ge  life  was  a  most  active  one.  Mr. 
Pash by  once  said:  "During  my college 
course,  I  have  used  my  faculties  more  for 
the  benefit  of  others,  than  I  have  for  my 
own  benefit."  He  wa::;  vice-president  of 
the  Students'  Boarding  Club  Association, 
for  one  year,  and  did  much  in  revisrng 
and  perfecting the  present constitution  of 
that  body.  He also  held  the stewardship 

College  Light  and  Power  Plant. 

The spring  of  '94 found  the  college  in 
the  possession  of  an  arc  light  dynamo, 
rated  at forty  horse  power, together  with 
an  engine  with  an  estimated  horse  power 
of  less  than  twenty.  The  armature  of 
the  arc  liirht  machine  had  a  measured 
capacity  of  I6  amperes  while  the  field 
vvould carry only IO amperes.  The resist 
ance of  the  field  was  found  to  be  about 
twenty  ohms.  Since  the  generator  was 
to  be used  both for light  and power it  was 
decided  to  operate  the  dynamo  at  500 
volts.  To  magrietize  the  field  the  ends 
were  separated and  are  excited in  parallel 
r50  lamps  of 
from  the  65  volt  circuit. 
IOO  volts  each  were  arranged  to  work 
five  ifl  series  as  in  street  car  lighting. 
The  circuit is  found  to  work  very  satis 
factorily.  The  generator  gives  at  the 
switch  board  I6 amperes  at  500  volts. 

I6x500  equals  8,ooo  watts. 

If we  allow  a  loss in  the  arnature of  IO 
per cent,  for  friction  of  amature  and  belt 
IO  per cent,  for  actual  losses  in  engine  IO 
per cent,  we  have  8,ooo  watts,  which is 

THE  SPECULUM. 

41 

73  per cent  of  total  energy  as  shown  by 
indicated  horse  power. 

Hence  Io,960  watts  is  an  equivalent  of 

electrical  energy  required. 

ro,960 
- - - = 
746 

I4·7  horse  power, 

which  corresponds  with  observation  by 
indication  cards  of  horse  power  required 
at  full  load. 

The  armature  loss  can  be  reduced  bv 
magnetizing  the  field  to  somewhere  near 
the  saturation  point.  Because  of  the low 
current  taken  by  the  field  being "equival 
ent to 6;/z  amperes,  there  is  very  1~Teat 
distortion  and  excessive  sparking.  As 
the  outfit  stands  nothing  has  been  ex 
pe nded  upon  either  exciter  or  generator. 
The voltage  is  controlled  by  a  low  resist 
ance  coil 
in  the  exciter  circuit  The 
maximum taken by  the  field  is  I3 amperes 
at  65  volls,  equal  to  845  watts  or  I.I -! 
horse  power. 

The generator  will  always  be  a  good 
mach ine  to  operate  motors.  For  such 
work and  for  lighting  its  capacity  could 
easily  be doubled .  Dy raising  the  excit 
IO 
ing  current  so  that  approximately 
amperes  would  :flow  through  each  field 
coil,  then soldering each alternate amature 
coil  making the  length of active wire one 
half  what  it  is  at  present.  The  output 
of the  machine  would then  be  300  lights, 
the  voltage  remaining  300.  The  only 
reason  "vhy  300 lights  cannot  be  used  on 
short notice  is lack of engine power. 
I50 
lights  would  be  enough  to 
add itional 
place  a  lamp  in  every  student's  room  in 
the  dormitories. 

One  of  the  surprising  things  is  the 
cheapness  with  which  the  college  can 
operate the lights  owing  to  our  peculiar 
condit ions.  From actual boiler and  engine 
tests  made  on  the  college boiler  plant  by 
Prof.  Weil,  I  have  taken  the  following 
figures :  Pounds  of  wat er  evaporated  at 
60 pounds  pressure  by  one pound  of coal, 
6  pounds.  Amount  of  water  taken  by 
engine  per  horse  power  per  hour,  36. 
Hence 6  pounds  of  coal  is  required  per 
hor se  power  per  hour.  The  generator 
requires  I4·7  HP.  and  the  exciter  r.5, 

• 

run 

making  a  total  of  I6.2  HP.  maKmg  a 
generous  allowance  of  I6%  horse  pow 
er; just  roo  pounds  of  coal  will  be  re-
. quired  per  hour 
the  whole 
to 
plant.  The coal  the  college  uses  at  the 
boiler  house  costs  less  than  $3 .00 per  ton 
delivered,  and  100  pounds costs  I 5  cents. 
Since  no more  help  is  used  at  the  boiler 
.  house  than  formerly,  the  total  cost  of 
operation  of  the  plant  under full load (I~ o 
lamps )  is 
less  than  I 5  cents  per  hour. 
The  C<JSt  of  lamp  renewals  is  about  I -04 
If  stu 
of 
dents  were  to  furnish  their  own  lamps 
the  college  could  furnish 
the  current 
at  I - Ioth  of  I  cent  per  hour. 

I  cent  per  hour  per  lamp. 

PHTLIP  B. WOODWORTH. 

Notes on  Hot  Wat er  Heating. 

In  many  of  the technical  schools  of  this 
and  other countries,  at  the  present  day, 
the  engineering  student- either  civil  or 
mechanical,- as  well  as  the  student  of 
architecture,  is  required  to  devote  a  por 
tion  of  his  time  to  the  study  of  questions 
relatirig  to  heating  and ventilation. 

No  such  work  as  the  foregoing  is  in 
cluded  in  the  M.  A.  C.  program,  never 
theless  at  few  institutions  of  a  similar  na 
t..ire,  has  the  student  a  better  opportunity 
to  study  two  of  the  principal  methods  of 
heating  now  in  vogue,  viz. :  hot  water 
heating  and  steam  heating. 

In arranging  a  hot  water  heating  sys 
the  th ree  following 

tem  some  one  of 
errors  is  often  made. 

I  The  use  of  insufficient  "radiation," 

or  radiating  surface. 

2  The  introductiou  of  excessive  re 
sistance,  due  either to using too  small pipe 
or  an  excessive  number  of  bends  and 
turns .  or  both. 

3  Unequal  distribution  of  resistance 

in  the  system. 

Sometimes  two  or  all  three  of  these 
errors  are  found  to  have  been  made  in 
arranging  a  system. 

When  estimating  the amount of  radiat 
ing surface  required  any  attempt  at  close 
adherence  to  empirical  formulre  is  almost 
certain  to  lead  to  errors.  The necessary 

• 

42 

THE  SPECULtTM. 

amount  of radiating surface depends chief .. 
lyupon the maximum cooling effect caused 
by  the  exposed  surfaces  and,  therefore, 
upon  the  area  and  nature  of the  exposed . 
surfaces.  Empirical formulre which  make 
the  amount  of  radiating  surface  depend 
in  the  main  upon  the  cubical  contents  of 
the  room  to be  heated should not be  used. 
The second  named error is  more  likely 
to  be  caused  by  the  introduction  of  many 
turns  and  bends  in  the  piping  than  in 
the  selection  of  size  of  pipe;  theory  and 
practice  combined  furnish  reliable  data 
for  the  calculation  of  the  latter  item. 

The  third  named  error  is  to  be  par 
ticularly avoided  in  arranging  a  hot  water 
system;  there  is  much  liability  that  such 
a  system  will  fail  to  give  satisfaction  be 
cause  of  unequal  resistance  in  the  pipe 
circuits  causing "short circuits." 

An  examination  of  the  present  heating 
system  in  Abbot Hall,  at the  college,  will 
show how a system can be so designed  that 
the  water,  passing  from  the  boiler  to  the 
different radiators  and  back  to  the  boiler, 
must,  in  each  case,  travel  along  . paths 
offering  practically  equal 
resistance  to 
the flow .  This  plant  also  illustrates  the 
facility  with  which  "equal  resistance" 
may  be secured  by  using  the  so  called 
"over head"  system . 

While there. are  many  other considera 
tions  to  be  made  in  designing a  hot waler 
system  that  of  equal  resistance  in 
the 
circuits  is  of  prime  importance,  and  its 
neglect  is  sure  to  lead  to  failure  even 
when  the  amount  of  radiation  is  ample. 
piping  of  low  resistance,  and  use  made 
of  a  boiler  properly  designed  and  con 
structed for  the  work. 

c.  L. w . 

Reports of  S ocie ty Meetings . 

The  Michigan  Academy  of  Science 
will  meet at  Lansing in  the  pioneer room 
of  the  Capitol,  at  2  P.  M.,  Dec.  26, 
standard  time.  The call is  made  in  con 
nection  with  the  State  Teachers'  Asso 
ciation  and  the object  of  the  meeting will 
/be  to  hear  a  miscellaneous  program  and 
It will  be  remem-
perfect  organization. 

bered  that  Dr.  Beal  is  president of  the 
association  and  Professor  Barrows  a 
a  member  of  the  executive  committee. 

At the  meeting  of  the  Natural  History 
Society  held  Sept.  7,  Prof. Frank  Kedzie 
gave  a  very  entertaining  talk  on  "Cream 
Tartar  and  its  Manufacture."  He  had 
lately  visited  a  plant  in  the  east,  which 
covered  two  and  one-half acres and  made 
5,000  pounds  of  cream 
tartar  a  day. 
The  rnbstance  from  which  it  is  manufac 
tured  is  ~ailed Argol,  and  is  a  product  of 
grape juice.  Eighty-five  per cent of  the 
output  of  this  one  firm  is  used  by  the 
Royal  Baking  Powder  Company.  The 
industry  is  comparatively  a  new  one  in 
though  above  4,000,000 
this  country, 
dollars  worth  of  the  crude  material  is 
annually  exported from  Italy  alone. 

Prof.  Barrows  spoke  aiterwards  on 
"Protective Coloration in  Birds,"  bringing 
to  mind  many  familiar  examples  of  such, 
as in  the Bittern, Partridge and Whippoor 
will.  One  notable,  illustration  of  protec 
tive  coloration  is  the  Ptarmigen  or  Wil 
low  Grou  e  uf  the  Arctic regions,  which 
is  brown  in  summer  but turns to  a  pure 
white  in  winter.  A  box of  smaller  birds 
was  shown,  which  plainly  illustrated  the 
topic,  for  in  nearly  every  case,  the  back 
of  the  bird  was  clothed  with  brownish, 
subdued,  colored  plumage  to  lessen  the 
clanger  of  discovery  by  hawks,  and  other 
enemies,  while 
the  breast  contained 
bright and gay feathers for  ornament.  So 
also,  the  female  bird  whose  duty  is  at 
home  and  on  the  nest  so  much  of  the 
time  is  invariably  less  brilliant  and  strik 
ing in  h:!r  coloration  than  the  male,  who 
is  amply  able to  care  for  himself. 

Mr.  U.  P.  Hednck  then  showed  a 
remarkable bunch  of  plums from  Morris, 
Mich.  The  branch  was  three  feet  long, 
weighed  nine  pounds  and  contained  148 
It was  of  the  Lombard  variety. 
plums. 

Among  other interesting things  at  the 
last  meeting  of  the  Botanical  Club,  Mr. 
Wheeler  read  a  letter  from  S .  P.  Orth, 

• 

• 

THE  SPECULUM. 

43 

. "with  '9  "  which  we  published  in  part 
below.  Many  will  recollect  recen1  ne\\'s 
paper  account  of  the  scientific  expedi 
tion  of  Dr.  Cook lo  the  far  north,  which 
ended  so  disa  trously  to  the  ad,·entur 
ous scientists in  the loss  of  their  ship  and 
personal  belongings  as  well as  of  all  th eir 
specimens.  Mr.  Orth was botani  t  to the 
expedition.  He  graphically  describes 
some  events  connected with  the  trip: 

"  I  assure  you,  I  had  a  very  profitable 
time, although  we  did  not  succeed  in  go 
ing  nearly  as  far  north  as  we  exp ected, 
yet  we  had  a  wonderful  trip  ana  I  cannot 
recommend  a  better country for grandeur 
and  interest  than  Greenland. 
I  had  what 
Dr.  Cook  wa  plea  ed  to  call  the  largest 
collect1on  of  Greenland  plants  ever  made. 
to  8,ooo  individual 
I  lo  t  about  6 ,ooo 
specimens.  My  work was  greatly  ham 
pered  by  the  shortness  of  our  stay  and 
the  great inclemency  of  the  weather. 
It 
is so  wet qnd  chilly  the  most  of  the  time 
that your  patience  is  below  par. 

"The.flora i  exceedingly  interestin g ; 
the  tints  are  superb  and  forms  beautiful. 
I,  of  course, knew  but a  few  of  them. 
I 
could  place  the  genu  of  nearly  all ,  but 
the  species were  too  northern  for  me. 

its  entire  breadth. 

"I  made  a  el  of  experiments  as  best I 
could  on  the  temperature  of  soil  and 
water,  but they  wer e  not  as  extensive  as 
It is  a  great country.  As 
I  would  wish. 
for geology, it's the ice age in object lesson. 
I  climbed  a  great  glacier  and  saw  the 
inland  ice-sea,  crossed  by  but  one  man, 
~  ansen,  in 
I  saw 
great  mountains,  lonely  fijorcls  and  the 
most interesting  native  . 
I  also  pas  eel 
through  all  the  clangers  and  accident 
sea-faring  people  usually 
run  across. 
We  were  delayed everywJ1ere; broke  our 
compass,  struck  on  iceberg,  encountered 
innumerable  fogs,  the  ship  was  twice  on 
fire, 
struck  a  sunken  reef,  were  sur 
rounded  with  floe  ice  and  had to abandon 
our ship, were camped fifteen days on a little 
schooner,  living  on  two  poor  meals a day , 
had  a  storm,  vvere  becalmed  and  had 
terrible  fogs  in  the  dreaded  straits  of 
Belle  Isle,  and  at  last  had  the  terrible 
three  masted 
disaster  of  cutting  a 

•  chooner  in  twain  and  eeing  four  men 
out  of  a  c1  ew  uf  five,  drown. 

··I  assure  you th e  quiet  of  home i  very 
peculiar  to  me,  and 
the  land  cape  also. 
For  three  months,  nearly,  I  did  not see  a 
In  Cape  Breton  and 
re  pectable  tree. 
ewfounclland  they  have  poor  excuses 
for  trees,  only  spruces  and  poplars,  and 
they  are  not  very  large.  The sturdy oak 
,·ery  welcome 
tout  hickory  are 
and 
ights.  Give  my  regret 
to  the  Botan 
ical  Club.  that I  could  not  present  them 
with  some  very  fine  posies 
the 
north." 

from 

[ Mr.  Orth  ha  since  returned  to  Ober 
vV e  hope  in  the  near  future 
lin  college. 
to  pre  enl  an  article  from  his  pen  dealing 
more  particularly  with  cientific  facts  and 
points  of  intere  t observed  by  him  during 
the  journey. J 

~~~~~~~~~ 

From  the  Laboratories. 

Tests on  the horticultural department of 
sub-irrigation by the use of tile placed at the 
depth  of  a  foot  have  been  so  successful 
that  the  same system  will  be  used  in  the 
forcing  house  with  a  variety  of  crops. 
La~t  winter  this  system  was  used  for 
carnations  and  other  plants. 
It  gave 
an  increased  yield  of  2 5 % .  With  the 
fir  t  crop  there  was  a  marked  gain  in 
maturity.  One  great  advantage  of  the 
plan  is  that  it  avoids  in  a  large  degree 
harmful  loss  from  evaporation  and  so  re 
quires  much  Jes  water  per  acre.  Also 
the  ground  does  not  become  hard  and 
baked,  as  is  likely  to  occur  with  surface 
irrigation.  About  r,ooo  barrels  to  the 
acre  are  required  for  each  application . 

The  treatment  of  potatoes with  corros 
ive  sublimate  has again  shown itself  to be 
entirely  successful  as  a 
for 
"scab," and  reports  from  the  parts of  the 
state  where  it  has  been  tried  uniformly 
show  good  re  ults  even  where  seed used 
was  " scabby." 

remedy 

The arrangements by which the blower 
for  th e  cupola  in  the  foundry  may  be 
driven  are  quite  ingenious.  The  blower 
is  placed  in  the  experimental  laboratory 

• 

44 

THE  SPECULUM. 

from  vvhich  a  seven-inch  pipe  carries  the, 
blast  directly to  the  cupola  which  is  sit 
uaterl  io  an  alcove  off  the  south  side  of 
the  foundry . 
It  is  necessary  after  the 
heat  in  the  cupola  is  one  started  that  the 
blast  shall continue  without  interference. 
For this  purpose  the  blower  can  be  con 
nected  in  turn  with  a  rope  dri\'e  or water 
motor,  and, as an illustration  of  its use, the 
electric  motor  recently  constructed  by 
the  department  has  also  been  placed  in 
the  laboratory  in  condition  to  be  used. 
The  rope  drive,  attached  to 
the  main 
shaft  in 
the  wood  shop,  furnishes  the 
power ordinarily, but  in  ca  e  any  accident 
should  happen  to  the 
rope  the  power 
may be  supplied  by  either  the electric or 
water  motor, thus reducing  to  a  minimum 
the  blast. 
the  danger  of 
Some  experiments  are  being  made  by 
the Senior  class  to  determine  the  H .  P . 
used  by  the  blower  at  different  drafts. 
For  this  purpose  a  Morin  dynamometer 
of  transmission  built  by  the  students  is 
used. 
ome  results of their work may be 
given  later. 

interrupting 

Mr.  McGee  has  some  results  from  an 
experimentwith corn smut, from  which he 
furoi.3hes the following data.  The object 
was  to  locate  the  place of infection  of  the 
smut.  He  baked  some  soil  five  hours, 
moistened  it  with boiled water, and placed 
In 
it  in  pasteboard  boxes  under  glass. 
it,  seeds that  had  been  treated to kill corn 
smut,  were  planted  and  grown  until  the 
shoots  were six inches  high.  They  were 
then  transplanted  to  the  opell  field  like 
cabbage  plants  would  be.  When 
the 
corn  matured,  however,  a  much  or more 
smut  was found  than  if  no  preventative 
mea  ures  had  been  taken.  This  shows 
that the  place  of infection cannot  he in  the 
roots  but,  that 
the  smut  comes  from 
spores  which  float  in  the  air. 

The  Russian  Thistle,  Salsola  I£al/ 
tragus, D.  C.  This weed bas lately made 
its 
in  Michigan,  and  the 
Experiment Station  has published  the  fol 
lowing bulletin  on  the  subject: 

appearance 

This pest,  which  is  not a  thistle,  but  a 

• 

and 

first  cousin  to  our  common  Jambs'  quar 
ters,  or  pig  weed,  has  crossed  Lake 
Michigan 
landed  at  Charlevoix. 
Yesterday,  Mr.  I-I.  D. Thompson,  Botan 
ist  to  the  fish  commission  party  now  en 
camped  at  Charlevoix,  sent  the  consult 
ing  botanist  to  the  Experiment Station  at 
the  Agricultural  College,  three  or  fou r 
young  plants  of  the  true  Russian  thistle, 
establi  bing,  beyond  a  doubt,  the  fact  of 
its  appearanct- in  our  State.  This  weed 
is  an  annual,  growing  from  one  to  three 
ft>et  high.  branching  profusely,  and  when 
full  grown,  forn,ing a  den  e,  bm,hy  plant, 
ix  feet  in  diameter.  Since 
from  two  to 
the  publication  of  this  bulletin,  Aug.  25, 
the  pe. t  ha 
been  found  at  E:scanaba, 
Detroit,  Caro,  Perry  and  Bowne. 

" 

in 

states. 

rapidly 

When  young  it  is  very  juicy  and  ten 
der,  covered  with  small,  narrow  leaves. 
Late  in  the  ummer  the  stems  grow  rap 
idly.  br -rnching  in  all  directions  and  in 
place  oE  leaves  bear spines,  one-fourth  to 
one-half an  inch  long.  At  the  base  of 
each  cluster  of  spines  is  a  soft,  papery 
flower  about  one-eighth  of  an  inch in  di 
ameter,  ripening  a  single,  small  seed. 
the  home  of  this  plant  is  in  eastern  Eu 
rope,  or  western  Asia,  and  it  has  a  bad 
reputation  in  Russian  wheat  field  . 
It 
was  introduced  into  South  Dakota about 
seventeen  years  ago,  and  at  present  is 
half  a  dozen 
spreading 
neigh boring 
pest  flour-
ishes  best  on  high 
land  but  will 
make 
at  home  in  all  sorts  of 
soil.  flourishing  best  in  dry seasons, when 
it  out. 
growing  crops  cannot  crowd 
Spring  plowing i  favorable to  the gruwth 
of  the  Russian  thistle,  because  it  spends 
a  part  oE  July  and  Augu~t  in  getting 
e  tablished,  for  flow  ring  and  seeding. 
Sheep  are  said  to  eat  this  plant  until  it 
becomes  coarse  and  woody.  Plowing  in 
August  and  early  Sertem ber,  before  the 
plant  ripens  its  seed  will  tend  to  check 
it.  The  large  harbors  on  the  east shore 
of  Lake  Michigan  will  be  the  first  points 
to  be  watched  in  attempts  made  to pre 
vent  the  landing  oE  this  pest.  A  knowl 
edge of  the  enemy  and  ()f  the  best means 
of  fighting  it  must  be  made  known  at 

itself 

Thi 

THE  SPECULUM. 

45 

once.  Small  patches  may  be  best  de 
stroyed  by  hand  pulling,  and  burning 
every  plant. 

THE  Sf'EGH11HM. 

PUllLl ~ ll E D MONTllLl'  DUIUNG  TH E COLLEGE  YEAH, 
BY  TllE  STUDENTS 

()1.- THE  MICHIGAN  STATE  AGRICUJ,TUl~AL COLCEGE. 

T t::l<i\IS,  7il  CENTS  A  YEAH;  Sl'l(il ... ::  ~UMBEHS, 10  CirNTS 

Al1\'EWflSl~G HATES  MADE  KNOWN  ON  APPl.lC.\TlON . 
m'""'  ::-iubscrihcrs  w ill  be  noti!ied  when  their  suhscription  has 

expired,  ;111d  arc  n!cp1 cs l1::d  to renew  h1jore ihe 111•.rt  i:~sue. 

BOARD  OF  CONTR.::>L . 

\\',  c.  B ,\(';1.IW, 

Editor·in  Chief. 

· 

l'hi  Dt.:lLa  Tlt d11  l i'ralernilv, 

ASSOCIATf:  F.DITORS . 

R  H.  l l ,\l.STf<:AO, 

Della Tau  Delta  Fr:1tcrnity. 

c.  P.  CLOSE, 

Oly111pic  Society. 

G.  1\1[ 1\SSt-: LJNK, 

U11ion  Littrary  Society . 

" '.  c.  STEBBINS, 

Eclectic Society. 

If.  F.  L 1\KE,  Ju., 

1Icspc ri:in  Sot'iety. 

P. S.  H o~E, 

Col11mbinn  L1tcr:iry  Society . 

M.  \~ .  Fl'l/T'ON, 
1-l.  11.  P i\H.IOSJ-1, 
SEC.  l.  I I.  BUTTER Fl ELD, 

Business  l\1a1u1ger. 

Treasl1rer. 

AGR1 cu 1.TUHAL  CoLLEGE,  Oc< .  15,  189+ 

Notice  to  Subscribers. 

The business  management  has  found  it 
necessa ry  to  require  all  subscriptions  to 
If yo u  are 
be  p;ii  1 in  advance hereaft er. 
in  <1rrears  w ith  your  subscription  please 
attend  to  the  matter  at  once,  otherwise 
your  name will  be  dropped  from  our sub 
scription  list.  Address  all  b usiness  com 
munications  to 

M.  w . F ULTON, 
Business  Manager. 

WE a r e  indebted  to  Mr.  Chace 

ew-
man  for  the  sketches  of  Messrs.  Newell 
and  Pashby,  which  appear in  this  issue of 
the  SPECULUM. 

WE  present in  this  issue  a  paper  on 
Buddhi sm  and  its  Influence  by  Mr.  Mat-

· sura,  a  student from Japan.  Mr. Matsura 
is  a graduate of Union  College, Tokio, a nd 
has  spent some time  in  various  engineer 
ing  schools  of  this  country .  As  his early 
life  was  surrounded  by  'Buddhist  influ 
ences,  he  is  emi nently  qualified  to  speak 
on  this  s ubj ect. 
\f\T e  hope that the  SPEC 
ULUM  may  hear  from  him  again  in  the 
future. 

Tim College  barns  are  being  equipped 
\Nith  electric 
lights,  but  two  hundred 
students are still  obliged  to  fight their  way 
to  the  heights  of  learning  through  an  at 
rnosphere  composed  principally  of  lamp 
smoke,  and  to  risk  their  lives  by  burnin g 
kerosene  in  buildings  absolutely  destitute 
of  any  means  of  escape  in case  of  tire. 
The  ways  of  the  wise  are  indeed  mys 
terious. 

TH E  SPECULUM  appreciates  the  action 
of  the  faculty  in  recommending  that  the 
members  of  the  Editorial  and  Manag·ing 
Board  be  excused  from  farm  and  shop 
labor two days  per  month  for  the purpose 
ot  gathering  material  and  mailing.  For 
merlv,  as  all  members  of  old  boards  well 
kno~, the work has often been done at the 
expense of considerable time which should 
have  been  spent  in  study .  As  a  partial 
recompense  for  the  kmdness  of  the  fac 
ulty, we hope  to  show  a  marked  improve 
ment  in  Tim SPEC. 

WmLE  we  may  be  encroaching  upon 
the  territory  of  our  athletic  department, 
vet we cannot forbear  a  word  of  encour 
agement  to  those  who  are  trying  to  in 
troduce  foot-ball  as  one  of  the  sports  of 
the  college.  Whatever  may  be  said  to 
th e 
the  contrary,  foot-ball  is  uncloubtedl_ 
American college  gamt;  and it  has  come 
to stay . 
It  is  a  game  that  is  especiall y 
s uited  to  the  average  American  you ng 
It is  rough,  but because it is  rough 
man . 
it is  not  necessarily  brutal.  The  training 
which  it  requires  of  those  who  partici 
pate  is  unexcellecl  both  as  a  moral  and  a 
physical  measure .  Daily  practice  for 
months  before  the  foot-ball  season  opens 
is  requisite  to  all  players .  During  this 

THE  SPECULUM. 

e-"pecially 

time  there  must  be total  abstinence  of  in 
in 
toxicants  or  stimulants, 
the  use  of 
the  plain 
tobacco .  Only 
est  food  can  be  eaten,  all  cake,  pastry  or 
highly  spiced  dishes  being  str ictly  pro 
hibited .  Early  hours  both  of  rising  and 
retiring  are  required. 
It is  essentially  a 
training  which  forms  regular  habits,  pre 
vents  carous111g  or  dissipating,  and  builds 
the 
up  and  exercises  e'•ery  muscle  in 
body.  With  such  ach·antages  it  should 
be  encouraged  by  all  who  admire  the 
strong  body,  the healthy mind. 

WE  wish  to  call the  attention  of  T1rn 
SPECULUM  readers to  the revised constitu 
tion of  the  Students' Government, a  notice 
of which appears in  another column.  The 
necessity  of  revising  the  constitution  was 
demonstrqted  last summer  when  an  affair 
occurred  which rendered  a trial necessar\' 
but  under  the  old  constitution  the  trial 
was  little  better  than  a  farce . 
Its  weak 
points lay  in  the double duty oft be jury  to 
render  the  verdict  and  pronounce 
the 
sentence,  and  in  the  inability  of  the  pros 
ecution  to  obtain  sufficient  evidence  for 
It was  the  aim  of  the  legal 
conviction. 
board  of  the  Students' Organization in re 
vising the  constitution  to  correct  these 
defects,  vvhether  they  succeeded  or  not 
only  a  fair  trial  of  the system  can  reveal. 
One  thing  i!:  certain  however  and that  is 
that  this  ~r any  other  system  ot  st ndent 
government can  succeed  only  when it has 
the  support and  sympathy  of  the  student 
body,  A  certain  degree  of  order  is  nec 
essary  to  the  successful  pursuit  of  study 
and  if,  by the  co-operation  of  those  inter 
ested,  such  a  decree  can  be  obtained  it 
should be done.  The code  of  penalties is 
not  designed as  a  reform  but simply  as  a 
protection  to  those  who  come  to  college 
for  work . 

COLLE GE  NEWS . 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  BOARD. 

President \Veils  was appointed  as  additional  d cle 

J!:ate  to  Washington. 

Permission  to  pu rchase  two  wagons  was granted  to 

the  Fann  Department. 

The purchase of a  small  stock  scales  for  the  Farm 

Department was authorized. 

It was  resolved  that the fee  for  the  Dairy  Course  be 

$2 .50 for  each student. 

The furnishing of rooms  in  Agricultural  Laboratory 

was  referred  to Mr. Chamberlain. 

Prof.  P.  M.  Chamberlain  was  gra nted  leave  of 
absence from  the college during  the  winter  vacation. 

At  the  meeting of the State Board on  Sept.  13,  leave 
of absence for  the winter  vacation was granted  to Prof. 
G.  C.  Davis. 

The  Professor of Agriculture,  with  the advice of the 
president,  was authorized to  employ  an  assistant  in 
dairy work. 

The purchase of  a  flour  tester  at  a  cost of $80  was 
authorized  for  the experiment station of the Chemical 
Department. 

Oct. 8,  President Gorton  reported  repairs  at  Abbot 
Hall  completed.  Also  reported  the  action  of  the 
faculty  regarding suspended students. 

It  was  resolved  that  the  Physical  Department  be 
allowed  to  purchase a  Milli-Ampere  Meter at a  cost of 
$2D.  Also  to  rent an  electric clock at a  cost of $JO. 

Messrs.  Garfield  and  Moore  with  President  Gorton 
as  chairman,  were  appointed  as  the  committee  on 
athletics  provided for  by  resolution of July  19. 

Hon.  Charles  W.  Garfield  was elected as delegate 
from  the  college,  and  Presidem  L.  G.  Gorton  was 
elected as delegate  from  the  Experiment  Station  to 
attend the  meeting of the  Association  of  Agricultural 
Colleges and  Experiment Stations to be held in Wash 
ington,  D.  C, on  Nov.  lJ. 

FARM  DEPARTMENT. 

The rail  fences  north of  the  Grand  Trunk railroad 

are being replaced  by  wire fences. 

The Fann  Department  has  submitted  for  publica 
tion  a  bulletin giving results of lamb feeding last  win 
ter. 

The  farm  barns  are  wired  and  are  ready  to  be 
lighted  with  electricity,  thus  dispensing with  the  use 
of kerosene  lanterns. 

Two bulletins will  soon  be  issued, one  is  by  Prof. 
A.  A . Crozier on  "Millet," the other is  by  Prof.  C.  D. 
Smith on  "The  Dairy." 

In  his feeding experiment with  pigs,  B.  A . Bowditch 
has demonstrated  that  with  pork worth  five  cents  per 
pound  wheat is  worth ninety cents per bushel for feed 
ing purposes. 

The list of  applicants  for  the dairy school  this  win 
ter has increased to forty-two.  Fifty will  be the limit, 
twenty-five  working  in  the  forenoon  and  twenty-five 
in  the afternoon . 

At the  State fair  the short horn cattle from  the  col 
lege took  about all  the prizes there were  to  be  taken. 
The brown Swiss cattle exhibited were the only cattle 
of that breed  at the fair.  The  dairy  exhibit  was  ac-

THE  SPECULUM. 

47 

knowledged  lo  be the  best  and  most  interesting  ex· 
hibit at the  fair. 
It  was  valuable  to  the  college  in 
that it  showed  the practical  work  done  here  in  that 
line. 

MECHANICAL  DEPARTMENT. 

Working drawings  for  a  hydraulic  hoist  are  about 

completed. 

Hereafter the electric lights will  be  turned on  at  the 

farm  barn  at 4:45  A  M . 

Several  wood  lathes  which  have  been  under  pro 
cess of  construction  have  been  placed  in  the  wood 
shop. 

A  new  Beach jig saw has been purchased and set up 
in  the  wood  shop.  Negotiations are  on  for  a  new saw 
table . 

The  department  has  just  completed  a  four  and 
one-half horse  pov.er electric  m)tor to  be  used in  the 
Experiment Laboratory.  They also  have a  new  tem 
pering forge  of novel  design. 

IN  THE  LIBRARY. 

The library has grown  so  rapidly  that  the  gallery 
built  last  winter  is  nearly  full  and  more shelf room 
will  soon  be  needed.  The lighting  has  been  greatly 
improved of late,  but we  would suggest that  the lights 
be turned on earlier,  as  the  room  becomes quite dark 
before 6  P.  M. 

At  a 

recent  meeling  of  the  Stale  Board  it  was 
ordered  that the department books  be  catalogued  in 
the library.  The work  is  being pushed  as  rapidly  as 
possible,  and  when  completed  the  library catalogue 
will  contain a  list of~ll  books  owned  by  the  college. 
The  number  of  bound  volumes  is  at  present  about 
18,ooo. 

COLLEGE  SUNDAY  SCHOOL. 
It is as discreditable lo a  man to be ignorant of bib 
lical facts,  narratives  and  quotations,  as  it  is  not  fo 
know  when America  was discovered, or who  General 
George Washington was.  Yet  by  investigation  it  has 
been  discovered  that  some  of  the  most  elementary 
facts  connected wllh or contained in  the Bible are  un 
known or forgotten,  or  hazy, dim,  and  unreal  to some 
of our students. 
It  is,  therefore,  a  good  move  to offer 
instruction in  the  Bible on  Sunday, and  the  organiza· 
tion  of a  Sunday School in  our chapel  is  heartily wel 
comed.  The time set at  present is  from  1:30  to  2:30 
P .  M.  There are classes  for  children  and  for students. 
As now  organized  the students are divided  according 
to the four  college  classes,  and  the  teachers  are  Dr. 
Kedzie and  Professors  Smith,  Barrows, and  Hedrick. 
There  should,  however,' be  enough  attendants  from 
each class to  require several  teachers  for  each  of  the 
four classes and  good  teachers will  be  forthcoming  if 
only  the  attendance  demands  them.  We  give  our 
hearty  sympathy  and  encouragement  to  the  move 
ment. 
In  no better way  can  an  hour  on  Sunday  be 
spent then  in  talking  over a  part  of  the  Bible  with 
competently  interested  men.  No news  will  be  mo re 
welcome at home than the  news  that the mother 's  boy 
is attending a  Bible class.  "With all  our getting, let us 
get wisdom." 

ABOUT  THE  CAMPUS. 

The greenhouse  is  receiving a  coat of paint. 

There has lately been a  family  reunion  at the home 

of Lieutenant  Lewis. 

The Y.  M.  C.  A. Sunday  meeting has  been changed 

from  7  P .  M.  to  12:30  P.  M. 

Miss  Lilian  Wheel e r  started  for  Claremont,  Cali· 

fornia,  on  Monday,  Oct.  I. 

Dr.  and  Mrs.  Ella  Kedzie  attended  the  funeral  of 

Prof.  Estabrook at Olivet. 

Mr.  Holdsworth  of  Grand  Traverse  is  yisiting his 

son,  Professor  Holdsworth. 

There has  been  only one case of serious sickness at 

the college  during the past year. 

Mr.  B.  F.  Hedrick of  Harbor  Springs  visited  his 

sons  at the college last week. 

Superintendant  Andrew  Spencer  of  the  Indian 

school at Mt.  Pleas  nt  visited  the coll ege recently. 

The "kid  academy"  has  been  dis~ontinued,  all  of 
the older "faculty kids"  now attend school in Lansing. 

President  Gorton  is  giving  a  course o.f  lectures on 
pedagogy to those of the students who  are  interested 
in  teaching. 

President  Gorton  spoke on  "Education  as  Related 
to  Agriculture,"  at the St. John's fair on teachers' and 
pupils'  day,  Oct. 3. 

One  of  the  members  of the  faculty  has suggested 
that the  Literary Societies unite  and  hold  a  Holmes 
Memorial  Night in  the chapel. 

The dairy  students and others who  work at the col 
lege during the winter  must  room  off  the grounds, 
as  none of the dormitories will  be heated. 

The present enrollment at  the college  is  260 .  This 
is  the  largest  number  of  regular  students  enrolled 
during any one term  for  several  years. 

Mr.  Gunson  has  heen  suffering  intense  pain from 
what  is  supposed  to  be  the effect  of some vegetable 
poison,  his  face  beinii:  the  part  most afflicted. 

A  ,good  specimen  of  the  Green  Heron  \Ardea 
Virescens),  was shot by  E.  H.  Sedgwick '97,  on  Sept. 
r,  and  its  skin  preserved  for  the  collection  of  the 
z 1ological  department. 

Professor Taft visited  the  \Vest  Michigan  Fair  at 
Grand  Rapids,  Sept.  24·28,  and  acted  as  one  of  the 
judges of fruits .  At  the State Fair the professor acted 
as sole judge of fruits  and  vegetables . 

Prof.  C.  D.  Smith spo ke  at  t11e  Washtenaw  county 
fair  held  at  Ann  Arbor,  Sept.  27  and  28,  on  "What 
Shall  the  Farmer  Do,"  and  "Dairies,"  explaining 
methods of buttermaking as  taught at M.  A.  C. 

It was  not deemed  advisable to  light  the  drive  be 
tween  the armory and  the  president ' s  house,  because 
the  estimated  cost  of  ten  lamps  there  would  more 
than  equal  the  installation  of  any seventy  lamps on 
the  grounds. 

The Agricultural  Seniors,  "chaperoned" by  Profes-

THE  SPECULUM. 

sor Gladden,  visited  the  Gladden peach farm recently . 
This is  the best  fruit  farm:in  the  vicinity and  the boys 
recdved  many practical  hints  on  fruit  farming to  say 
nothing of pecks of delicious  peaches. 

Mr.  G.  W.  Rose,  ' who tis  doing  special  electrical 
work,  is  now tryin g  to operate a  gong  on  College  Hall 
to  strike  the  hours.  The  gong  is  controlled  by  the 
striking arrangement on  an  ordinary  e ight day  clock. 
Mr.  Rose begs leave to  atrno1rnce  that  his  time  is  11ot 
official. 

Specimens  of  the  Russian  thistle have lately  been 
received  by  Lhe  botanist  of  the  Experiment  Station 
from  six localiti es  within  the  State;  namely- Escan 
aba,  D elta  Co;  Charlevoix,  Charlevoix  Co.;  Caro, 
Tuscola  Co.;  Bowne,  Kent  Co.;  Perry,  Shiawassee 
Co.;  and  Detroit,  Wayne  Co. 

Some form  of entertainment  in  the  ch a pel  is  now 
provid ed  for  each  Friday evening.  Two  weeks  ago 
Russell  A.  Ostrander  of  Lansing  read  a  paper  on 
«Some  Curious  Things  in  English  History."  Last 
week  Justice  Robert  M.  Montgomery  of  Lansing 
delivered  a  lecture  on  the  "Virginia  and  Kentucky 
Resolutions ." 

The appointment of the commissioned officers of the 
battalion  according  to  rank  is  as  follows:  major,  M. 
G.  Kains;  captains,  C.  P.  Close,  H.  F.  Lake,  A.  C. 
McKinnon,  W.  C .  Bagley;  adjutant,  W.  J.  Good 
enough;  quarter  master,  C.  H.  Robison;  lieutenants, 
W.  A.  Ansorge,  H.  E.  Ward,  W.  C.  Stebbins, 
G.  L.  Stewart, J.  S.  Mitchell ,  F.  P.  Normington. 

During  the  great  Maccabee  gathering  at  Lansing 
last  month,  a  large  number  of the  Maccabees  took 
occasion to  visit the college.  But  few  of them  seemed 
to  understa11d  that  visitors  may  enter  all  college 
laboratories,  so they obtained  only  a  superficial  view 
of the college.  Would  it  not be  a  good  plan  for  the 
faculty  to appoint a  forc<i  of  student  guides  for  such 
occasions? 

Among a  small  lot  of bird skins  recently sent to the 
Zoological  Department for  identification ,  by L. Whit 
ney  Watkins , '93, was a  fine specimen  of Cory's  Least 
Bittern (Botaurus  Neoxenu.s),  taken on  Mr.  Watkins' 
farm  at Manchester,  Mich.,  on  Aug.  24,  1894.  This  is 
not only a  new  bird  to  the  Michigan  fAuna,  but  one 
previously  known  in  the U .  S.,  only  from  Southe'rn 
Florida. 
Its presence  in  Michi11;an  at  any season  can 
be  regarded only as  the  merest accident. 

Mr.  0.  C.  Simons,  manager of Groveland  Cemetery 
in  Chicago,  spent  a  short  time  at  the  college  about 
Sept.  20.  Mr.  Simons  has  made  a  great  reputati on 
for  his good  taste  and  skill  in  making  use  of  wild 
shrubs and  herbaceou s  plants  in  ornamenting  parks 
things  he  especially 
and  cemeteries.  Among  the 
admired  during his  i:ery  brief  visit,  were  the  wild 
asters,  golden  rods,  sunflowers,  narrow-leaved  cattail 
flag,  boltonia,  ferns  and  the  American  ivy  on  the 
trees at the botanic garden. 

The  constitution  of  the Students' Government has 
been  amended  so  a~  to  provide  a  new  system  for 

trials.  The  principal changes  lie,  first  in  the  estab 
lishmE'nt of  a  grand  jury  to  investigate  complaints 
against ord er  and  prefer  indictments if  the  evidence 
is sufficient;  secondly,  in  the  limiting  of  the  jury  to 
membe rs  of the Senior and  Junior classes;  thirdly,  in 
the establishment of  a  code of  laws  providing a  defi 
nite  numb er of marks  for  each  offence.  The  measure 
has  been approved  by  the  faculty. 

At  a  recent  meeting  o f  the  faculty  the  following 
was adopted:  R esolved,  That from  this date,  October 
r,  all  articles.  such  as  oration'<,  poems,  prophecies, 
histories,  and so-called  papers,  together  with  any  pic 
torial illustrations accompanying any such articles, and 
designed  for presentation on  any  public occasion, such 
as  class  days,  union  exercises  of  ~he  societies,  or 
any exercise for  which  the college  is  responsible,  held 
either at the college  or in  Lans ing,  shall  be  presented 
to the  head  of  the  English  Department  for  criticiim 
and revi s ion. 

In  th e  elections  in  the  Tau  Beta Pi  Fraternity  at 
the opening of the  year  the  honors  fell  to  Harrie  R. 
Parrish,  of  Allen,  Hillsdale County,  who  remained  of 
the  eligible quota of the  Senior class,  and  Earnest  D. 
Partridge,  of  Grove  City,  Utah,  who  ranks  highest 
among attendant  mechanical  members  of  the Junior 
class.  Prof.  W.  S .  H oldswo rth  of  '78  was  received 
into  honorary  membershi p.  The  candidates  elect 
were tendered a  reception and  banquet  on  Thursday 
eveni ng,  October 4,  at the  new  and  comfortably  fur 
nished  rooms  of  the  Fraternity  in  the tower of  the 
mechanical building. 

• 

The Chemical  Department  has  received  from  Prof. 
Jago of Brighton,  Eng-land,  his Viscometer  for  testing 
the  viscosity  or  the  strength  of  different  kinds  of 
wheat flour  when  made  up  into dough.  From  Kunis 
of  Leipzig,  Germany,  the  department  received  a 
Farinometer  or apparatus  for  testing  the strength  of 
flour  when  made  into a  dough  with a  definite quantity 
of water.  Six kinds  can  be tested  at  the  same  time. 
The department also  has an  Aleurometer  from  Paris, 
for  measuring the strength  of the  gluten  of flour,  and 
Porter's Apµaratus,  the  best in  the  country  for  testing 
flour.  These instr.uments are  recognized  as standard 
in  England,  France, Germany,  and the United States, 
and  will  b e  used  in  the  very  thorough  exa mination of 
the  fl our  from  the  experimental  wheats  that  have 
been  introduced  into  Michigan  and  are  now  growing 
on  the coll ege  farm. 

Since astronomy was  stricken from  the  curriculum 
the  observatory  has  been  practically  an  unknown 
quantity  in  the  college  equipment.  Many  students 
and  some  of the te aching ferce  have  not  even known 
the  location  of  th e  building. 
It promises,  however, 
to  have  a  more  conspicuous e xistence hereafter,  for  a 
cinder  walk  is  being laid  to the building  and  several 
evergreens that have  entirely hidden  it  and  obstruct 
ed  observations  have  been 
removed  or  trimmed. 
The  exterior  of the  building will  probably  be  painted 
white .  that  being  a  popular  color for  observatories. 
The  interior  will  be  painted  a  dark  color,  perhaps 

THE  SPECULUM. 

49 

black,  to  avoid  reflection.  The  mountings of the tele 
scope,  and  the  driving  clock  and  connections have 
been  thoroughly  cleaned,  repaired  and  adjusted  by 
members  of  the  Mathematical  Department  without 
expense 
the  college.  With  everything  in  good 
order we may  now  expect that some work will be done 
at  the  observatory  and  that  some  practical  obser 
vations will  be made. 

to 

A.  A. Abbott,  E.  M.,  Michigan  Mining  School,  '94, 
has been  employed  at that  institution  as  Instructor in 
Mining  Engineering.  He  paid  the  college  a  visit 
Sept.  25. 

"Corp"  Himebaugh,  of  the  Pension  Bureau,  has 
been  detailed  for  field  work  for  nearly  a  year  past, 
with  headquarters at  Indianapolis,  Indiana. 

PERSONALS. 

We desire the earnest co-operation  of  every  person 
who  has ever been connected with  the college  in  try· 
ing to  make this department an  interesting one.  Let 
every alumnus and every person  who  has  been  with 
classes  here send  in  news  to  the  editor of  the depart 
ment, often,  thus  making  his  work  much  easier  and 
the department  more  interesting to all. 

Judging  from  the  number  of  marriages,  this  fall 
seems to be  especially  adapted  to  the union  of souls 
and  fortunes.  The SPECULUM  extends  to  all  M.  A. 
C.  boys  who  have become Benedicts,  its  hea rtiest con 
gratulations,  and  wishes them  long,  happy  and  suc 
cessful  lives. 

'73. 
B.  F.  Halsted and  wife  recently spent a  few  days at 
the  college.  They  have  a  son  in  the  Sophomore 
class. 

'VITH  '74. 
N. J.  Baker, of Carson City,  recently  visited his son, 

who is a  member of the class of '97. 

\N!TH '76. 

Samuel  B.  Long didn 't  graduate,  yet he became one 
of  the  auditors  of  Wayne  county  at  a  salary  of 
$3.500. 

'78. 

Prof.  Eugene  D<tvenport  called  at 

the  college 

Oct.  2d. 

E.  0.  Ladd has been nominated by the  Republicans 
of  Grand  Traverse county for  Register of  Deeds.  His 
election  is  certain,  and  the pay  about $2,ooo a  year. 

A.  A.  Crozier  has  nearly  completed  an  extensive 

'79. 

bulletin on  millet. 

'85. 

'88. 

Charles L.  Lawton  is  Mining  Supt.  at  Bessemer, 

Ala. 

T.  H.  Hall has  had  a  raise  in  salary  as  stated  in 
the last issue,  but  instead  of being  a  clerk  in  the War 
Department, as there stated,  he is  bibliographer in  the 
office of experiment stations  in  the U.  S.  Department 
of  Agriculture. 

vV.  A. Taylor returns to Washington  this  week after 
a  month's  vacation  spent  in  western  Michigan  and 
Chicago.  As  assistant  pomologist  he will  have more 
peaches and  grapes to  handle than  even  a  moonlight 
rambling sophomore could  dream of. 

L.  H.  Dewey  is  looking  after  the  Russian  thistle 
and other weeds,  and obtaining exercise  and  amuse 
ment after office  hours  by  taking  Grace  Marguerite 
riding on his  bicycle. 

D.  A.  Smith  made a call  upon  friends at the college 

during the Maccabee convention. 

'89. 

R.  S.  Baker while at  Hammond,  Ind.,  during  the 
recent strikes,  was  attracted  by a  large  crowd,  and 
being  curious  to  knew  the  cause  of  the  gathering 
gradually worked  himself  towards  the  center.  Just 
at  that time the Indiana  militia  opened  fire  and  ser 
iously  wounded  a  man  who stood  next to.Mr.  Baker. 
The usual  luck accompanying  M.  A.  C.  men  saved 
him  from  disaster. 

Married,  at  the  residence  of  the  bride's  parents, 
Prof.  John W.  Earle of Albion, and Miss Millie Schwab 
of Wawaka,  Indiana. 

'90. 

William  Petrie and  Hattie E.  Shurtz  were  married 

Thursday.  Sept.  13. 

E. J.  Rowley is  teaching  at  Harvard,  Mich.,  and 

works at electricity during spare moments. 

'9r. 
Howard Baker has entered the U.  of M.  medical de-

D.  J.  Stryker and  E.  A.  Bartmess  are  local  man 

partment. 

agers  for  the Standard  Oil  Co. 

'86. 

William  R.  Rummler and  Rubert  W.  McCulloch  of 
'87,  have  formed  a  co-partnership  for  general  law 
practice, with  offices  in  the  Ogden  Building,  corner 
Lake and  Clark streets, Chicago,  Ill. 

'87. 

C.  E.  St.  John,  Ph.  D.,  Harvard,  '94,  is  now  at 
Heidelberg,  and  expects  to  spend  the  winter at  the 
University of Berlin. 

V.  S.  Hillyer is  doing a  flourishing 
chanical  en~ineer in  Grand  Rapids. 
and  drafting are his specialties. 

business  as  me 
Bridge contracts 

Miss  Grace  Fuller and  Miss  Jennie  Cowley  of  '93 

are teaching in the city schools of Lansing. 

Mr.  G.  E.  Hancorne and  Miss Jennie Van Ty le  were 
married  Aug.  24.  They  will  be at home  in  \Nashua, 
Iowa,  after Sept.  r. 

W.  E.  Palmer travels for  a  wholesale grocery house 

'92. 

50 

THE  SPECULUM. 

of Chicago.  We learn from  a  man who is in  the trade 
that the price  of  sugar  in  the  various  cities  of  the 
United  States is dictated by the Sugar Trust.  A  mer 
chant who sells below  this  price is  fined  $250. 

L.  C.  Brooks is  teaching school  in  Oneka'na,  near 

Manistee,  Mich. 

D.  W.  Trine has been engaged as assistant lhrist at 

the college. 

climate and  agreeable work,  and says, "I am teachin~ 
almost  everything  from  A,  B,  C's,  to geometry  and 
military tactics." 

WITH  '94. 
Guy  Mitchell is farming at  Herndon, Virginia,  in  a 
region where  the roads are  too  abominably  bad  for 
high speed on a  bicycle. 

E.  A.  Hayden  is  employed  in a  printing office at 

Mr.  G.  H.  Hicks has been on a  two weeks' trip look 
ing np the subject of clover seed in Indiana and Ohio. 

Union City,  Mich. 

WITH 

'95. 

WITH  '92. 

D.  G.  Smith  called  upon  friends  and  classmates 

Mr.  W.  F.  Davis  of  Lansing  and  Miss  Nellie  B. 
Davis  of  Saginaw  were  married  at  the home of the 
bride's  parents,  Sept.  19.  They  will  reside  at  312 
St. Joseph street,  Lansing,  Mich. 

'93. 

W.  W.  Parker, who is taking post graduate work at 
Ann Arbor,  was at the college  Sept.  7th,  to  test some 
"hop pop"  in the interests  of Eaton  county  outraged 
prohibitionists. 

Miss  Lilian  Wheeler  left  for  California  Oct.  1st. 
She and Miss  Katie Cook will  take  special  work at  a 
famous school in  Pomona. 

L. J . Briggs,  enroute for. Ann  Arbor,  and  Albert B. 
Cook, of Owosso,  were visitors at the  college Oct.  rst. 

Married, Oct.  rst,  Mr.  H.  F.  Palmer and  Miss  May 
Stimson.  They will  be at home after  Oct.  rst  at  u8 
Antoine  St.,  Detroit,  Mich .  Mr .  Palmer  plied  the 
"SPECULUM  pen" during '92-'93. 

Miss  Daisy  Champion  has  received  the  principal 

ship of the  Bingham  Street School,  Lansing,  Mich. 

F.  J.  Porter  is  teaching  school  in  South  Barre, 

New York . · 

E. M.  McElroy  is  teaching for  the second year in the 

Niles high school. 

E.  B.  Hale was a  delegate to the  Maccabee conven 
tion  at Lansing,  and spent some  of  the  time in  visit 
ing his Alma Mater. 

WITH  '93. 
W.  G.  Merritt has been successful  in  a  law suit that 

involved all  his property in  Battle Creek. 

'94. 

Mr.  F.  R.  Poss  and  Miss  Ida  Simons  of  Lansing 
were married Sept.  6.  They are  located at Caseville, 
•  Mich.,  where  Mr.  Poss  has  taken  charge  of  his 

father's hotel  and farm. 

S.  F. Scott paid the college  a  flying  visit  while  on 
his  way  to  Louisiana,  Mo.,  where  he  has  secured 
work in  the Stark Brothers  nursery. 

D.  D.  McArthur  has  entered  the  State  Normal 
School  to take  a  twenty-weeks  course  provided  for 
college  graduates.  This  secures  the  degree  of  B. 
Pd. and gives a  life certificate. 

Oct.  6th. 

W .  W.  Smith has  entered  Purdue  University,  tak-
111g  the  Civil  Engineering  Course.  He  expects  to 
graduate this  year. 

Mr.  G.  H.  Swift's  failure  to  return  to  college  is 
explained  by the fact  that he  was  recently.  married  to 
Miss  Winnie Coleman  of Harbor Springs. 

C.  J.  Combs  has  entered  the  U.  of  M.  Medical 

Department. 

WITH  '96. 

Joe  Beauvais recently stopped at the college while on 
his way to  the  New  York  School  of  Ship  Building. 
He informs us that it was  his  father  who  was  lately 
married,  and  not  he,  as  was  stated  in  the  August 
SPECULUM. 

R.  A.  Latting has taken up the regular work  in  the 

U.  of M.  Law Department. 

WITH  '97. 

C.  B.  Laitner,  who  was obliged  to leave college early 
this  term  on  account of  his eye,  has  recently  had  it 
removed.  The operation was entirely successful  and 
he  will  return  in  the  sprinit  to  graduate  with  his 
class. 

S.  C.  Griggs &  Co.,  of Chicago,  announce  for  early 
publication  an  authorized 
translation,  by  Elias  ] . 
MacEwan, M.  A.,  for  ten  years  professor  of  English 
Lite,ature at  M.  A.  C., of  Dr.  Gustav Freytag's great 
work,  "The Technique  of  the  Drama."  An  import 
ant  feature of the work  is  its  critical  examination  of 
the  plan,  motive,  and  characters  in  the  princip al 
dramas of  Sophocles ,  Shakespeare,  Lessing,  Goethe 
and Schiller.  Great  honor is due Professor MacEwan, 
since this is  the first  English  translation  of the  work, 
and will  thus supply a  long-felt  want  in  the  literary 
world. 

ATHLETICS. 

The  local  field  day  September  29  was  a  decided 
success,  and  it is  the  wish  of  all  that  we  may  have 
many  more like it.  There were seventeen events  be 
sides the base ball and tennis  games. 

Following is the list of sports and the  winners: 

R.  S.  Welsh,  formerly  our  business  manager,  is 
assistant principal of the  Edinburg  schools  in  Miss 
issippi.  He  writes  of  excellent  health,  a  delightful 

Standing Broad Jump 

Won  by  Cole  '98, 
Second,  Partridge  '96, 

IO  ft. 
9  ft.  8~ in . 

1• 

THE  SPECULUM. 

time 5:10. 

played during the coming week. 

The  base ball  and tennis  games  will  probably  be 

One Mile  Run-

Won  by  Tracy '96, 
Second, Stone. 

roo Yards  Dash-

Won  by  Gaudern  '95, 
Second,  Pond  '97. 

One  Mile Walk-

W on  by  Vanderhoof '96, 
Second,  Reynolds '95. 

Running  High Jump-

time  u  sec. 

tim e  10 :19. 

This  was a  tie  between  Ansorge  and 
Cole at 5 ft.  Ansorge  '95,  won  the 
toss. 

Running  Broad Jump  
Won  by Cole, 
Second,  Bateson  '96, 

Pole  Vault-

Won  by  Ansorge, 
Second,  Pond  '97, 

lLLlf-Mile  Run-

Won by  Nellist '96, 
Second,  Rider '96, 

Running  Hop,  Step and Jump  

Won  by Cole, 
Second,  Bateson 

Putting shot-

Won by  Fisher, 
Second,  Normington, 

220  Yards  Dash-

Won  by  Rider '96, 
Second,  Gandern. 

Hammer Throw-
Won  by Cole, 
Second,  Fisher '95, 

Mile  Bicycle-

Won by Thompson  '96, 
Second,  Rork, 
Quarter·Mi le  Bicycle 
Won by  Bierce '97, 
Second,  Thompson '96. 

440 Yards  Run-

Won by  Normington, 
Second,  Gaudern. 

r8  ft . 3  in. 
18  ft.  2  in. 

7  ft.  l l  in. 
7  ft.  9 in. 

time 2:51  1-5 

39  ft  4  in. 
.~7  ft.  5~ in. 

34  ft. 
27  ft.  9~  in. 

time  30 sec. 

77  ft. 
66  ft.  8~  in. 

time 3:15 2-5 

time  58  sec. 

time  1:03 

The  120 and  220  yards hurdle races were omitted on 

account of lack  of  hurdles. 

The relay  race was  forfeited  to  '96,  no team  appear 

ing against them. 

Cole won  the all-round  medal,  having  16  points  to 

his credit,  out of a  possible 27. 

'96  won  the  class  trophy,  a  silver  water  service, 

given by  Mr.  Brackett,  the  jeweler. 

The  medals are to  hang in  the  library  with  the win 
ners'  names and  records · underneath them.  There  is 
some  dissatisfaction  among  the  athletes  concerning 
this,  as  there is  no  provision  made  for  their  ever  be 
coming the permanent property of any one.  If a  man 
or class  wins  a  prize,  say  three tim es  in  succession,  it 
seems  no  more than  right that  it should  become their 
property. 

The  Sophomores and Juniors played a  game of ball 
on  Sept.  22,  which  resulted  in a  victory  for  the Soph  
omores,  by a  score of  20 to  19  in  10  innings. 

The  Sophomores  are  now  organizing  a  foot ·ball 
team.  There is  plenty of good  material  in  the  class, 
and  'g6  is  waiting  to  meet some good team.  If the 
rumor  is true,  that the State  Board  has forbidden  the 
Junior eleven playing outside the  college,  we  should 
have  at  least  two  teams,  in  order  to  keep foot-ball 
interest alive at the college. 

Since  writing  the  last,  '96 has met  a  good  eleven. 
They  pretended  to  be  from  the  Ann  Arbor  High 
School,  but it is  certain that two  or three of them  were 
not or else they  had  been  in  the  high  school  longer 
In  response  to 
than the average student stays there. 
an inquiry as  to whe ther  or not  they  were  all  in  the 
high  school,  the answer was  made that they  wer~ "all 
taking  chemistry  there . " 
If the defeat does  not dis 
courage  '96  too  much,  by  practice  they can  remedy 
their  weak  points  and  put  up  a  better  game  next 
time. 

COLLEGES  AND  EXCHANGES. 

Of the 452  students enrolled this  year at the Kansas 
Argicultural College 286  are boys and  166  girls.- The 
Industrialist. 

In  regard  to  the  inter-collegiate  records  for  the 
thirteen  principal track and field  events,  it  is interest 
ing to  note that Yale,  Harvard,  Princeton  and  U.  of 
P.  each hold  three,  while the thirteenth  was  made  by 
a  Washington  ;ma n  by a  jump  of 23  feet  6  inches. 
The  Polytechnic. 

In the  Notre Dame  Scholastic of Sept.  29,  there ap 
pears a  symposium  by  the  literature class on  "Which 
is the more  conceited,  man or woman? "  Of the  ten 
contributors,  all  agreed that man  was  the  more con 
ceited, but woman the more vain . 

Albion  is  about  to  get  a  soap  factory. 

It will  be 
known as the  Albion Electric Soap  Co.  We hope they 
can get the article  down  low  enough so the  boys  can 
bring  some  over  with  them  when  they  play  Olivet 
foot  ball,  and not  be compelled  to  "fake"  all  that  we 
have.-Olivet Optic. 

The University of Wisconsin  has begun the publica 
tion of a  series of bulletins giving- the  fruits  of original 
research  by its students.- Thielensian. 

The  entire  under-graduate  body  of  Princeton  met 
in a  mass meeting and  voted  to  abolish  the custom of 
hazing.  This  action  was  in  response  lo  the  appeal. 
made by J .  W.  Alexander of New York at the opening 
exercises at the beginning of the term .  Gordon John 
son  voiced the sentiment of the  upperclassmen when 
he said :  "The  fair  name  of Princeton  has  long  been 
disgraced  by this  brutal  and  cowardly  custom,  and it 
has  become our duty as friends of our  Alma Mater to 
abolish it once and  for all."-Ex. 

.. 

52 

THE  SPECULUM. 

There  are  over  four  hundred  institutions 

in  the 
United  States that claim  the title of university  or col 
lege.-Hillsdale College Herald. 

their  significance  even  in  our  day.  It  is  the silent, 
stubborn  worker  th at  pushes  forward  and  achieves 
success.-Notre Dame  Scholastic. 

Earlham  College  has  abandoned  the  practice  of 
having  two  papers,  one by  the  young,  men  the  other 
by the young women.  Both papers  have  unite.:!  now 
under the  name of the  Earlhamite_  The  young  men 
and young  women have an  equal  responsibility in  its 
management,  and  thus 
the  paper  becomes  what 
neither was  before,  an exponent of every  phase of col 
lege  life. 

The great Columbian  organ is  now  being erected  in 
University  Hall,  Ann  Arbor.  Some  of  the  pipes  are 
th ree  feet  in  diameter.  The  instrument  will  be dedi 
cated at a  great  concert.-Hillsdale  College  Herald. 
The faculty  of  Massachusetts  Agricultural  College 
have  voted  that a  student dropped  into  a  succeeding 
class s hall  pass all  examinations  taken  by  that  class, 
whether or not he may have  been  examined  in  those 
subjects i n  the class from  which  he  has been  dropped 
and  received a  mark of 65  or more. 

It is said  that the University of  Chicago  intends  to 
publish a  magazine similar to  the  Century,  which  will 
be  a  rival  to  that  period ical. 
It  is  to  be  called  the 
L akeside Magazine.-Aggie Life. 

A  winning wile,  a  pleasant smile, 

A  feather. 

A tiny  talk,  a  pleasant walk, 

Together. 

A  little doubt,  a  playful  pout, 

Capricious. 

A  merry  miss,  a  stolen  kiss, 

Delicious. 

You  ask mamma,  you  consult papa, 

With  pleasure. 

And both  repent,  each  rash event, 

At leisure. 

-Ex. 

An  annual  prize of $60  is to be given  to  the  mem 
ber  of  the  Athletic  Association  at  Dartmouth  who 
stands highest in his studies.-Ex. 

The faculty of Boston University  has voted  to  allow 
work  on  the  college  paper  to  count  as  work  in  the 
regular course. - Ex. 

For fifty  years no smoker has  graduated from  Har 

vard  with  the honors of his  class.-Aggie Life. 

The first  record  we have  of  tennis  is  found  in  the 
Bible  in  the  following  words:  "Joseph  served  into 
Pharaoh's court and  Israel  returned  out  of  Egypt. 
Ex. 

Nothing it  seems to  me , will  bestead a  student more 
at the outset than  a  habit  of telling the  truth  to  him 
self.  For this  will  beget in  him  a  helpful  self  know!· 
edge, and  assure him  against  that  overweening  con 
ceit put on  with  youth and the  panoply of learning. 

No less in  importance is  a  love of labor. 
Talent  without industry  is  barren  and  unprofitaele. 

Of old  the  scribe  wrote,  "There  is no genius like 
the genius of hard work,"  and his words have not lost 

HU:110ROUS  HAPPENINGS. 

The humorous  editor realizes the gravity of the  sit 
uation  in  which  he  is  placed,  and  hopes  he  will  be 
granted  the  privileges of the court  fool  of old.  If he 
makes any blunders he  is  very  patriotic and  is willing 
to  be  laughed  at  even  if  you  cannot  laugh  at  his 
jokes. 

(Pro fessor  to  hopeful  senior who  reports  for  work,) 
Mr.-----you  may  run the  new  potato  digger  lo 
day.  Try to  learn  how  it  is  managed. 
(The  boss 
five  minutes  later  to  th e  senior,)  I  can  run  the 
machin e  alone,  you can  take  that  hook  and  scratch 
th em  out behind  me . 

(S tudent  thi11king-as  he  goes  into  a  fifteen  cent 
show and  sees  Dr.  ---and Prof.  - - - in  the  front 
row)  I  wonder  ii  Dr.  - - - meant all  he said a bou t 
wasting  time  and  money  on  second  class affai rs or 
is this a  first  class show. 

One  of  the  boys  was  in  a  barber  shop  when  an 
Italian  band  struck  up.  He remarked:  "There goes 
the  high school cadets."  The barber became excited, 
at  once,  ran to th e  door and looking up a nd down  the 
I  don't  see  them!" 
street  asked,  "Where?  Where? 

While  the  Ann  Arbor  High  School  foot-ball  team 
was rubbing  '96  into  the  ground,  one  of their  pro 
fessors  remarked  to  th e  President:  "You  can't  train 
It was evident that there were 
your boys very  well?" 
university  men  playing in the  high  school  team  and 
the  President  re torted  with:  "We  train  them intellec 
tually so that  they get  out  of  the  high  school  before 
they become bald -headed ." 

One of the seniors,  whil e  studying botany  the other 
morning,  managed  to  get a  little bunch ofaircornered 
up  by  itself  under  a  cover  glass  and  thought  that 
he  had  discovered something  new. 

The next fellow  who goes out in  the  plum  orchard 
with  his  satchel had  better fasten  it to  himself so  that 
he won't drop it. 
If it don't come to  anything  else,  it 
will  save the fellows  who  run  him  out  the  trouble  of 
carr} ing the satchel  back to  him . 

].  F.  (w ho  has been  to  church  once,  and 

is  going 
again,  to  Prexy)-There is  nothing like attending two 
services the same  day. 

Prexy-Especially if a  fellow  needs to . 

World's  Fa ir  Souvenir. 
The admission  tickets  to  the  World's  Fair  are a work of 
art and a  valuable  souvenir,  which .  in  a  short  time,  will 
comm and  a  high  premium  like  rare  coins  anc\  postnge 
I  have a few complete sets which I will mail, po&t 
stamps 
paicl,  to  any address upon  receipt  of  only  $1  oo.  Only  one 
set will be sole\  to  one  party.  Order  at  once,  before  they 
are all sold.  Aclclre  s 

F. S.  KRA T ZET, 
87  Monroe Ave., Detroit, Mich. 

TH E  SP EC U LUM. 

THE  ONLY 

1> 

DEPOT IN  CENTRAL  MICHIGAN. 

The choicest selection in  P E llFUMES, TOILET ARTICLES 
and  general  drug  line  in  Lansing. 

\Ve buy nnd  sdl  more  goods  than 
any  oth t:r  drug  firm  in  th e  city. 

T F\AT THOffif'SON 

THE  PROGRESSIVE  DRUGGIST . 

STUDENTS 

\\.ill fi nd  the largest stock of  Carpets,  Curtai ns,  Blankets, 
B ed  Spreads,  Readv-made  Sheets  and  Pillow  Cases  and  all 
H ouse-furnishing Goods, at 

BURNHAM &  CO.'S. 

~P r i ces a lways  the cheapest . 

117  i\'lichigan Ave. E . 

.104 - Washington  Avenue  North -

I 04 

DAVIS &  CO. 

-WE  ARE  AGENTS  FOR THE -

Celebrated  Perfect-Fitting  KINC  PANT. 

Come  and  see  our 50c  Sweater. 

Full  Line  of  Football  Goods.  Football  Rules,  I 0  cents. 

104 - Washington  Avenue  North-

104 

RIVERSIDE  GREENHOUSES, 

LANSING,  MICH. 

THE  SPECULUM. 

WARTED! 
M.A. C. STUDENT 

EVERY 

To  know  of  the  already  popular  M .  A .  C : Shoe. 

Popular  be-
'Then, 
cause it  looks  we ll ,  because  it  wears  well,  because  it  is  well  made. 
too,  we  sell  it  at  the  popular  price  of  $3.00 per pair.  Made from 
fine  and  select  calf  stock,  soft  mat  kid  tops,  and  in  the  late  style  GALE  ToE . 
A  word  to  the  class  of  '98 :  We want  to  make  your  acquaintance  both  in  a 
social  and  business  way .  You  are  always  welcome  to  make  our  store  your 
headquarters.  We are  near  t he  corner,  and  our store  is  a  favorite  place  to 
wait  for  the  college  car.  Then  too ,  we  want  all  of  our  college  patrons  to 
know  of  our  free  gifts in  choice  etchings  and  pretty .fac simz"les  of  water 
colors-something to  beautify your room or society hall with.  We will expect 
you  soon.  Your for  shoes, 

Hepairing  Neatly  Done. 

t 1 03  WA S H I N G TON  AV E.  SO UTH . 

}  C.  Il.  WOODBURY. 

W.  E .  TRAGER , 

DEALER  IN 

Of  every description and of  the finest quality 
a re  made by ... 

S.  &  E.  SHARPSTEEN 

Photographers, 

Corner Wash. and Mich. Aves . (Successors to Cassey & Co.) 

FRE~H anQ  ~ALT MEAT~. 

509  Michigan  Avenue  East. 

• 

Vve are always ready to make views or groups. 
No  poor work allowed to leave  our  gallery. 

PHOTOS  ON  YOUR  WATCH. 

Photos on Porcelain, Si lk or Linen. 

Special  rates  to  M.  A.  C. peo1Jle. 

"FARMING 
CORPORATIONS," 

A  system  of  business  farming,  is  a  book farm -
ers ought to  have and gladly buy. 

STUDENTS  can make mouey selling it. 

Write to  w.  ALDRICH  &  Co., 

120  Broadway, New Yorl< City. 

RIVERSIDE  GREENHOUSES , 

LANSING ,  MICH . 

LANSING  CITY  ELECTRIC  RAILWAY  CO. 

.. 

Cars Leave Wa ·h. Arn. and Washtenaw St.- f\tandard Tim e. 
6.00  a.  m. 
7.00 
• Oil 
8.30 
9.00 
9.30 
10 no 
10.3  I 

G.30  p . m. 
i .00 
7.:lO 
8.110 
.30 
n.oo 
lU.00 

3.00  Jl .  Ill . 
3.30 
4.00 
4.30 
:;.oo 
5.30 
6.00 

1 i.00  a.  m. 
11.30 
.. 
12.00  111. 
l~. 30  J) .  111. 

1.00 
1.30 
2.00 
2.30 

.. 
.. 
.. 
., 

.. 
.. 
.. 
.. 

.. 
" 
.. 

.. 
.. 

.. 

Cars  l~mLV O Co llege.-Standarcl  Time. 

.. 
' · 

6.30  a. m. 
i.30 
S.30 
9.00 
9.30 
10.00 
10.30 
11.00 

Ii 

11.30  a. m. 
12 00  Ill. 
12.30  p.  Ill. 
1.00 
1.30 
2.00 
2.30 
3.00 

" 
" 
.. 

.. 

.. 

3.30  p.  m. 
~ . 00 
4 .30 
5 .()(1 
5 30 
G.00 
G.30 

.. 
" 

.. 

7.00  p. m. 
7.30 
8.00 
8.30 
9.00 
9 30 
10.30 

.. 
.. 

" 

J,nst ca r  lea\'Cs  the City Saturday and  Runday nights at 11  o'cloclc  . r.eavos  the College ;tt ll :30. 
Arrangements for special cars at other times should be made with  IL A. Burton. superintendent, at the co mpany's  ofllce. 
:30 A.)!. to Gr. M.  to  co llect  paclrnges.  parcels.  otc .  Parcels  anti  pack-
PAHC ~~ ,,  W A<:ON  011  th e Coll C(le  grountl s from 

ages  to or from  the city.;; cts. 

'lrunks, 15 cts . 

S.  J, .  KEIC:llLEY ,  Gen'I M'g' r. 

Special  l 'rices  to  f\tucl ents  at  l\L  A. 

~~~ll~~~~D 

ll'Alil1f?7~v 

GO  TO 

@~~l ll~v 

M . J. & B.  M. BE:IGK. 

All goods dcliyere<l  to College free. 

COLLEGE  BU S . 

· LOOlS  BECK , · 

T he  Clothier 

LeaYes  College  at 8 :30  A .  M.  and  1 :30  and 
6: 30  P.  JI !. 

RETURNING : 

Leave  Lansing at  10:30 A.  11r.,  and 4 :30 P.  M . 

All  package  ,  etc.,  left  at  A .  M .  Emery's 

will  be promptly  attended  to. 

l !ATS,  CAPS, 

. .   an d  . .  
GENT'S  FURN I S ll L ~G 

GOODS, 

A  Specialty. 

HEADQUARTERS 

For  FINE 

CLOTHING. 

Students  and  Others,  Give  u s  a  Call. 

H .  0 .  p ALMER . 

112  \Vas hington  Avenue  North. 

RIVERSIDE  GREENHOUSES, 

LANSING,  MICH. 

Michigan  State  Agricultural  College 

AND  SCHOOL  OF  MECHANIC  ARTS. 

• 

Post  Office and  Telegraph  Office,  Agricultural  College. 

Ex pr• ss and  Freight Office ,  Lan sing. 

The institution  has  a  teaching  force  of  thirty  professors  and  ·instructors,  and 

is  thor 
oughly  equipped  with  apparatus for  scientific  investigation,  and  with  machinery  and  tools 
for  the  use  of  students  in  the  Department of  Mechanic Arts. 

The  Library  contains  over  18,000 volumes,  consi  ting  largely  of  scientific  works. 

The  General  Museum  and  the  Veterinary,  the  Agricu ltural  and  the  Botanical  Museums 

are  well  filled. 

Four  Years  are  required  to  complete  either  Course. 

-THE  COURSE  EMBRACES-

Agriculture,  Horticulture,  Chemistry,  Mathematics,  Mechanical  Engineering, 
Electrical  Engineering,  Civil  Engineering,  Drawing,  Botany,  Zoology, 
Veterinary,  English  Language  and  Literature,  French, 
German,  and  Military  Tactics. 

From  two  to  three  hours'  labor on  each  working clay,  except  Saturdays.  Maximum  rate 

paid  for  labor, eight cents  an  hour. 

RATES.-Tuition  free  to  residents  of  the  State;  $5  per  term  for  non-residents. 

Club  Boarding,  about  $z .50. 

CA.LEND.AR  FOR  TFI:E  -YEAR  1894:-5_ 

Mo nday,  August  20,  College yea r  begins at 8  P.  M.,  the first  WPe k  continuing t h rough  Saturday. 

1895-Monday,  February  18,  Spring term  begins at 8 p.  m.,  the  first  week  continuing through  Sa turday. 

For catalogue apply to  I.  H.  BUTTERFIELD.  Secretary.