“——. at COLLEGE, Micn., Aug. 15, 1895. WHOLE No. | RR —— Nb ebvirocneel i “i cond ucive to a healthy: . develépnient::6f soul, mind and body, in .an American youngster as the pure air, healthy exercise and wholesome moral atmosphere: of. a.tvpieal rural home such! as: sare found si In, tat garden of the set t FREC BF. MUMFORD. -“ =I C, lured him in the middle of bis course, from the college he was attending to the halls of this institution. Here he was graduated with an exceptionally high record in 18g0, _ From the college he returned directly to the farm, but his teachers had became impressed with his qualities, and as soon aS a vacancy oc- curred in the farm department, he was called back to = fill it, This was in E891. Two years later - he was. “promoted — to the Assistant » Professorship of | Agriculture in rec-- = ognition of the excellence of the work as assistant in the department. Almost from the. beginning of his connection > with the college, Mr. Mumford was - a controlling fac~ | tor in the manage- ment of student labor. He has solved the many perplexing and dificult problems that have arisen " from time to time with skill and ability. Od - As-a lecturer in the class-room and on the institute platform, he has won the most marked success, by his earnestness and enthusiasni as well as by his thorough 7 acquaintance with the subjects discussed. “In Tecogpition of his work in the station, and in regular course the college | : THE SPECULUM Boer oo o | of Student labor, atid-in I the practical exe- cttién’ ofS j 0 work has been characterized by unusual fF energy and industry. | ot + Mr. Stevens was born in the ‘tewnstip: - | of Aluiedon, and has, for his whole Hfe, been a resident of Ingham. county. He received his early education in the dis- . trict schools, and. fram them. went to the high school al Mason. where he: was - raduated. = oo. ee | “school ey as so many inén: =o have risen to prominence - have. ‘done before , the under taking wa ran a i THE SPECULUM, g ae ‘On leaving M. A. Cy. hes is- to. begin ihe werk of teaching agriculture. im the south in an institution, where. he: “will. be the head of a department, that.of.agricul- ture. | industry. combined with..his ability. and experience will insure will serve and to his. alma mater... oe William L. Rossman. raduatid, from M. A.C. with the © class of ’89, with a. high) rank for. scholarship, having shown a particular, aptitude in chemis= : After teaching and: working in. chemistry in Detroit - for a short time, he was, appointed Second — Assistant Chemist in the Ex- periment Station. Jn. two. -years he “was promoted _ to be First. Assistant “Chemist, which position. he. held till —fugust rst, 1895, when.-he was al p= poiated by Gav. Rich and. Dairy, “and. Food Commis. sioner, €. E, Sorts and. De; puty C ome cere Pas | tissioner—-a place. he is well qualified : te: ie congratulate I him on:his. promotic we. shall miss him and: Ais estimable. wife : from the college. campus. ee ..4n the Experiment Station heh ras Nery. valuable work; both for the co on es for. the. Association of Othe oad . ural Chemists, and for emt : “the assistance of. Hike. iS | “one AOSE, of the, work Rd £4 i Here the same. perseverance and | good work, and bring credit to himself, to ‘the college. he. “Duvsses Pe HeonicK., | Coryell, ag, rea ‘in horticulture. we : on, Senet “ub a | wedlice’ But-alk has.’ fad a L conden that’ her. laurels an a ore He will -eAgGY his $1,200 salary , and “er every cent of it. R. C.K. 2 “yy, Pp ‘Hedtick, Assistant in the Hon. ‘caltural Departinent, has been electéd t6 the chair’ of “horticulture and botany * in the Oregon” Agricultural College “at ‘Corvallis, and has gone to his new field hoe ral | = Hediick: was born a Chintea county, Towa, jeter ‘moved with his. par- ents when quite . young to’ Northern “Indianay here’ he’ remained: until: tea years of age, ‘when. the family removed: to’ the shores oF ' Little Traverse Bay in Emmet’ county, Mich. Fortunately, his home was near Harbor Springs, and the privileges of the village school. were within réach. Not’ content: with graduating here, te | entered ML Are. “with the. class”: 92. ‘stopping’ | Out -obe year and: graduat- a “ing in T8g3:-* After - | graduation, he’ took . cone year’s work ia’ floriéulture. ‘ under the efficient inskpacs tion. of Mr. Gunsen.. In August, Te . he ‘succeeded oe nate . Mr. : Hedrick’s work” jida ‘been ‘poet “Gornest. ‘and -conscietitious, and. won for.” | him. the attention.and. confidence, of. those 1e : >} wath whom: hevavas, agsociatéd. ghee M.A. eee ds. SOETY- to" “part. oe De so® Tejoices , that, she. shag “ae “son to send. to. the, “Sunset: we ” THE SPECULUM. aonb". Agriculture in Transition. Agriculture remains the largest single factor in the industrial werld. It is one of the industries, and as such i must be subject to the disabilities, exigencies and | infuences of any industry. The same Jaws govern it. Its commodities must compete; must seek a market, and must run the gantlet of boards of trade and the middle-mer, who make their lveli- hoods in handling and manipulating them. It has some disabilities not common to all. Among these are bulk in products, time to produce, and to a generally larger degree the inclemency of the seasons. ‘Phe time to make a pair of shoes may be | a shertened, but reyoiving sums are neces~- | sary for a field of wheat. “"" “Om the other hand, it has in its faver toa larger degree, necessity. Men must éat or die. largely sustained by desire for comfort. . fer iuxury. The buman want we min- |. Usfer‘to is exigent, fundamental, can aever be: disregarded. A barefoot *cad” has an appetite, a daily demand, which gives mo peace Ul satished. Men may dis- pense with many products which make a << preat clatter and clamor in the world, but abey: 1S) ‘the art sustaining AS against the art “preserving. | “The world can get along “without ‘the. miller and the. mill, but the Aaemer and the farm will abide: as Tong aS : - : globe: revolves. | : “. PERMANENCY, STABLLITY OF PRICES. These conditions. of disability and neces- say bring about two results, to-wit: (7) “etBe- permaneacy ‘Of the industry, and (23 othe comparative stability: ‘oF prices. "Phe first will Be couceded.."The farmer will a bea fellow traveler, as -loug as there is cae a “baman’ 7 ‘tion ‘commands Teapect: » Hei 18 ci ‘persis, Le mercial crisés, national: debts: Sha disor | | This will be. conceded. = - ganized society. Other industries are more . fod Do substitute for food. Our art . pathway ‘trodden: ‘bya, human | _ Phe world may: Cail ‘hin a Seled- i ee hopper,” but his company is constant and 5. | Bis association”“brings Tite, aid his voca-_| be considered ee ie Bey aay Tran ". A | planted the old dash charo. teat nothing i ceme home at migrhs 430) the - * Cloth. say 6 a Phe price. for grea : —a But the other result, a comparative stability of pal ees will cot so generally be conceded. It is nevertheless true thst the farmer is, taking all his products’ ds the range of years, better assured af -x stable price for the fraits of his labor, than those who follow other iadustriés. Three things he behind the price of Any commodity: cost, supply and demi. The first is too often iguered in the .ais- cussion. The cost of agriculturai pro- ducts has not been subject to The same mulation as other products. As hereto- fore suggested, fre is of the essence “af agriculture. No laber sav ing machinery can eliminate it, “Phere is ono ‘patent device to igeore nature in “ber process. in fact, while agriculture owed ‘Geach “tp inventive genius, she is far lese’ indebied io it then any other industry. ¢ In" iny recollection it took two pounds ‘of buiter to buy one yard of cotton cloth” Now ene pound will buy two to Ave yards. Eliminate the considerations ‘of supply and demand, the cost of production ac-. counts mainly fer this chaage in purchas- img power. Phe spinniog penny hae. taker the place of the hand aplooing, while there has nathing yel quile. sup.) Division. of labor has reduced the cost of the clo, & has yet heen devised that. dapenses with the farmer's | wile, ae ‘the daily routine of the dairy. Nigible : fingers from constant manipulatied of the’. web and the woof become expert as By a machine, while from the te “the” cows. golden’ pros : duct Hes on the plate, there is sb thme Hr place for such aw ision of labor as shall materially diminish the cost. Thereflare, as itis a law of commerce (iat inthe nie tun no commedity willbe sald at és ves . cost, so the price of butter will’ pot ‘Ben. subject to the same reduction 3 aay yard: 25 Ekat the ilastration i is true: in ot : THE SPE CULUM. duction has not been niaterially lessened as compared: with other’ products, it mist follow tbat-the price they will bring -wilf be ‘held:-wp to cost paying standard; or: the: product will be discontinued: then: whatever ‘the cost, it will control’ Me : ‘prive other. things being equal. ~ In tiany ‘ways this may be more fully “tus. trated: “and: Gts essential verity: be estab-. lishéds © “Covceding dll that may -bé* said for labor-saving wiachinery as applied to: agriculture; the. ‘points are’ so many where no stich? machinery “can -be- successfully : usedy: that: the: world will never seé sitch: afréduction in the price of its pr odbets as" maybe: found dlong the lines of: most. “of the. «mechanical industries. - JHeery disability adds to cost, whether it: besinerént in the labor itself, or the tines, ‘gtasons. and weather incident to‘its exercise: “The. farmer shears his sheep in the: eld: fashioned: way, at the old-thne season. “Phere. ds. né “short cut-to the flee f “Séme men até hatidy, but there are ‘tee ekperts in: agriculture. compared with: the: Auriber if. the work were ‘cOn- ‘thieas. “Organized ‘business: methods mag: ‘diminish the incidental expenses, but | | the get: eost Of: the shearing: is almost ay f fixed. A quantity: and: will always be: SOs ee THE TRANSITION, : oo fF mh. ae 4 Wolere cation in the industrial world dis- JSINADY ie ‘and. duritig:. the posit Fis. that is, awhile labor is adjusting EC he ‘pew. conditions, - theré.-are:} emuneratively. upemployed,.: aad: see in. A some lnes: is 80, * Bisel |. pr : | : : id _thege® ‘wabich’ réquire Ore: TERA os ng g |, which: Wee less. Soeted ae “4 devices, while those; €xchnlin gs pe sie <} lata, which. have: the —bener Gh laVOL- Sav “ing machinery, ar are sisceptible OF Int pallens nee apes on apes toe ‘|: eae ge mind. aot, pee eT of agen Prodan ae block: of raw: material for St " | cotton, ‘woo! pad tobace BS: showé further that since: E860 fs Hie | food products have. not-de oe “have iticreased nearly:.40% DEG CHIEN : | has decreased néarly yage Butter Has creased: 28%, egos. gy he bers navedeclineds. Pork anc -feendiered ‘from the. Same: Cause de pf cation: seed. and other: substitu & gin” soil. of the west in: Pan te ele “tae ater oe i - a nen a cs See aren s ty some - facts cn the os GS-6 "According to ‘the last” Gene EVE Sy per cent. of. the total p population: of he: United States were engagéd vin Beriewk tire. The report of the seleet committee. of the United STEMS was Ane: oe : spends about . 40 per cenk cae its” Awir expense for agricultural. vedas this perceritage does nat show thet TUE TE alive: production of agricalins Sada 30%, whilé. flour,iperk, 2 a EE oO Omge oe fogt Bey | meal have diminished, bul thal : of Rea 4%. as ing statetl Cee Tt will be noted: that, ae ae TEE _combinations,. OF ATE " pradiice : 6 — THE SPHCULU MM. kind wants fats io a lair proportion, and a goodiy portion will be satished with candie grease if cleaned and put ap with an attractive label or an appetizing title, There has been a sharp raid on butter, mat relatively butter has held iis own. There is no satisfactory substitute for it. This is one of the commodities for which people are willing to pay. Good whole- some butter has the right of way with ‘the generations of men, whe know the difference between a Jersey heifer and a pump handle. However,it must be good buiter. ‘There is a poor market for nid. aang good pulier as well as for middling - goog eges. Sen in the cities will pay readguy 25 cents for 25 cent butter, or 40 cents Ior-a 40 cent article. Their pas- trqnonucal laboratory reiecis the substi- tutes so bastiy that the latter have to | take the name ‘and the garb of the gen- une. Our dairymen are put upon their metiie, bul so long as cream is cream it need fear ne competitors. iit will be noted that beef and mutton, for which there are no substitutes, have increased in oe mutton more largely | ior the spring lamb elemeni. Both have | suffered from the wholesale ranges in the west, and the decline on freight rates, | bet this decline being only 50% they have §toed the conrpetition better than wheat . where. rates have been reduced almost a: fourfold... Or bere bet at Cte et | al lla all abtahy “Cock Ben ies beer a a AE a : but time or the. annual crepping ai sare ative, the thousand acre flelds are dviner til there will be found sn equitbrinn whi fy vwill make eastern Waeaty: Corny Bee and: smutton . more a apne ethan mahey 8 are: BOW : ACOA ST URAC HAL aaa ARSE OU RO Ce aoa bcc TA ey ee cycle, upon the forse and his sriscnce | bees is: She: a baal ao ae ch = — SS would not ignore dhe tas Get oes | bea Segway i phecomte. ainigat.a- second sature. -- aoe ‘@tchards went. to decay, the flelds ad oe eh ‘teri ts Meorteae i the sua. "The ms = -assénibly, to wits # et eee the transition to be charged to the farmer nimsell, io his methods and to Ris reck- less disregard of the mest obvieus laws ef nature. “Lhe American farmer has: until recently found af ready eccapancy: a Vast region whose feriility is the marvel. of history, the product of the ages, aad. as “cheap as dirt’. ‘One-half of the energies of the old world is employed iu: feeding the soil which supports ds teem 96 population. “(he refuse of the sea? s been gathered, the islands to the SPs. of the earth have been scraped, the phos. phate and nitre beds of distant sntiona: nave Deen despelled to farnish tnaterie). which shall pul new hfe into the eahausin: ed soil. So grest is the demend, sc rapacious hag been the search, that te ihe pessimist the time is not far. iatan’: whea the world’s sapply ofthe. works extraneous fertilizer will Rave been. oe nausied, and mankind would disappear amid deserts and sterile wastes. + acu Dhis extra burden imposed apon ageris: cuiitre in the oid countries has sent ic. pur Shefes a vast horde, who have cap- tured our Virgin Country with the rapacite. . with which the Goths and Vandals took. ancient Rame. Here was a sell. which produced with spontaneity and a bomstic - fuiness which lured the most conservative from the miethods cf wisdom in which... they were raised, and they sean furor . the maxis which experience has demote” sirated were the laws of permizient sate: cess. “They farmed without regard 48°. the future. The soll was exhaustiess: | amd ii ii were not, there were millens of» acres just a little farther on walling 52 the tramp of the pioneer. It was cheaper te move than to keen up the fertility-of the old home. What mattered the aentl« met which. bade them keep the home acres in. joyful heart for the fasaily aad We belong to a race wihickh: has always on”, GH to “mere: ga Bas: @ etiough to Keep thes: a Cea 7 hd THE SPECULUM. - walked off on the two legs of the men and-women it had raised. It casts p1,000 and the substance of four acres of land to raise a man to maturity. Virginia raised’ men for the southern shanybles and. de- spoiled’ her acres in doing so, England sent to the Western Empire a host -whose baggage incladed not only the homely virtues and sturdy habits of its daily. life, but the essence of its soil witch had-been converted into hone and bleod. and muscle, TH E RESULT. Fives generations. of this untoward policy brought the penalty. “Rome had to..#G to the Nile -for her core. “New England sought the Mississippi for a like reason. . History repeated itself in’ so short a time that it could hardly be called history... Abandoned farms and decrepit agriculture marked the seashore from Maine to Georgia, from salt water to the foothills of the Alleghanies. Farming did. not. pay. in the east, the fertile unoc- cupied . Jands in the-west were disappear- ing, and the dearth of the soil was stead- ilysmarching toward the western horizon. Michigan. wheattields which ‘once | har- vested “twenty-five. bushels. to. the acre riow turned out ten. Illinois prairies once good for. 100 bushels. of corn. now pro- duced thirty tothe acre. The sons and descendarits of the hardy. pioneer “began te complain: that farming did not pay,’ and ~ took: to ‘the professions so-called.to make a ‘ving .by their’ wits, Barming, you know,: was not-a profession; did not need wit: | ‘thought many; its future hopeless.: What wWas'to-be done? Agriculture: could: riot ceasé..ou the earth. The existence of thé: race depends upon it. . Farming must béxmade to pay, and some thought could béunade ‘to pay: ~. Peo] ple began to study the causes: of its. dectine. and ‘they: began ” $8 hope « and to think that it was oly: Jn a. EES co oe “TRAN SITION. ‘STATE. : > Bat Te: was: she: worst transition: of. all. : des ‘Wasiniot a quéstion | ofa market vor of a transportation;: “Of GE Tabor: savilig’ devices, New | Whe. occupation was doomed, 80 | _ per cent. engaged: iaeally Soll | guts daca sense against! thems: | * | beitimes: wher it would: alnoet seein oa | EW as tovbe the’ egdrvival “BE: thé: Ales 1 Oye Ww her: the contést: Comes: AS: “thats J you may lay'tl the flattering: ‘usiction't to! oLyoer: = aa but of production; how to increase pro- | duction, how to step deterioration of the. - soil, how to rejuvenate it. It was tani. fest that science must be called in to’ ‘help | solve the problem. Farming must ‘be’ made a profession—intelligence must -be-. joined with skill; book farming miust bé - taken into the catalogue of aids: as litera® ture and history embody the experietice | of mankind why not call them in for the” benefit of agriculture, Periodicals des | voted to the vocation began to increase in number and ability; men of science _ _ began to investigate ae to report “how” crops grow”, and the whole question. took on a more hopeful aspect; a "SDHAE | of inquiry ran all along the line and® the? ‘sentiment grew and grew. that there” should be men detailed for the constant: work of investigation, and that this “re. habilitation of agriculture should nol be: subject to sporadic labors of chance, uae: organized individuals, till finally the whole matter became of such national import as to lead to the establishment under national auspices of the Agricultural Cok lege and Experiment Station, as the cake mination of the spirit of inquiry, «as the steeple on thé church which ‘holdsthe: . body of the workers and believers below: . Then after dwelling fo some: “length - upon such institutions, and their aims My. Willits concludes as follows: a oe : It is not the purpose of -this- paper to. demonstrate the topic on’ all pointe. “Tis” purpose will have been ‘subserved GP Wwe are led to a more hopeful view of: the: situation. While agriculture in ‘its dee: pressea condition is in transition,. passitig’: on to better things, all causes: for: Com plaint are not tn this transition. > There’ will always be difficulties, disabilities: aod The forty per cent. -engag ved in agricul” rure have in the. contest: for life. the: Seow fs THE SPECULUM. 3 soulg that the farmer will survive. The ‘merchant may go; the banker and the Waiifead magnate, the speculator, the lawyer, the doctor, all may go, but the | : arene will stay, and if he stays, as stay he: ‘SL ar all go to a common grave, He must. have and will have from the rest, ‘er by himself, his living expenses. The fest tell on bis crop goes for his own grist, ‘Bnd ne is False io his nature and his Op portunity. and resists the injanction of tie > he is : ure if be does not take it ; wonse | ‘han the heathen if he pr ovides not a pe: awn household. gricu! ture , nas a maid frst cost, ne _ farmers have not paid expenses. a ane they have not paid legitimate es. Bat concede the claim 1 for the f Argument, Wheat vocation has re penses _ for oe fast two years? ae _The s eee credit, ¢ ar has been poaching nc, ae former ce S aad Sheba? hs 3 it * because those ES “Belpg: relatively less in the fat yeas. he should be exempt during the teas. peest False logic! The profits were ‘stable. Vou abated the amount on Be SeCuTIEy of what you got. You did 3b 6, Salo. bankruptcy, as did many who Ane BOT jargely than did you. You took fewer chances, and you are here to- ae ake a Fook over, your head, and a sos ast s the. other man’s. WwW hat was — given. dor, bay. waye r There is not a year in which | Was | nine OF pte ce yous lout ee your. robe ts. nek 2% eheertuliv to. West! Point, Ss assnrance that® the. goverment: hem soJong ¢ as they ‘live at. deast i : a Cp nay Ns wera Persie a Papal denominater; then you are all SIG, Abe. $1,200 a year, and take the chances of pelng shot in the bargzin. An assured. incame is a fortune. Carlyle MAKES Gone of his heroes gay: | *The fraction of life can be increased in yalue not so much by increasing. your numerator as by lessening your denam- mator. Nay, aniess my algebra deceive me. Unity itself divided by zero will give | infinity. Make thy claim of wages zero, then: thou hast the workl weder thy feet.” This is aggravating doctrine. The equilibrium is-kept by equally reducing your psumerator (your income) and xaur denominator { (your expenses.) Jf Carlyle, is right, you want io Reep an eve .on- the: mumerater wil take care ef iteclf. Tide. denominator is in due-ameunt af all tien se you have the world. under Four: fear. always and forever. : whinge This is hard doctrine for the fapinar 7 who js, from his desires, his education: and. his general practice, simpler in his. living. expenses than these of other vocati¢ne, buf to him as well as to us ali there ig. - truth in the admonition: keep within yout! income. “Yhere are flush times foras.al. Vhey are just ahead of us at this moment. © Bat let us remember that it ie during. > these Jush times that the. greatest : debis and obligations are incarred. Qne..ef-. these obligations is the social status... um atyle of living. which is the. hardest. and: . the last to cancel. It is harder te: steps down than to carry a mortgage.- Qe. requires piock, the other sheer atrerngthy - May all of us have the courage and the: strength to do what is just right without: apelogy or complaint. Above ali with cheerfulness fet us insist that agriculture. is a noble calling, the noblest. of all, the supreme vecation which the world weil sever see die; let us’ congratulate eur selves with the reflection that the world .. is willing te pay in the end, has always: paid at least first cost for the products | ‘of - the farin, and generally concedes a_sut- e : plus prokt,. Jaeagre though it be at Unies, - : but, sufficient Ao. make. the. vocavon. Leb eo THE SPECULUM. | “hg, Education of Women. ORATION “DELIVERED BY E. J.- HECK, AUG..-12, AT SENIOR CLASS DAY EXERCISES.” : In these days of non-alttuism and - science, when the great masses of human- ity are working with that egotistic spirit for individual supremacy, searching every nook of earth for both the least. and the greatest of nature’s gilts, we.forget that around us there are problems that are at least worthy of a passing glance. At present when this great strife is partici- ‘pated in-not only by man, but by woman, those that will constitute the individuals ofthe next generation are . forgetten. The. fairer one of to-day must master a ” profession, she forgets that she has some- ond ‘tg: teach, someone to guide. The hame to her furnishes but an avoacation, while her vecetion is sought. in the con- flicts of the exterior world, The child is ferced into the struggle of lite without the guiding principles inspired by a mother’s work; without those . precepts which. are instilled into his being only by > the: gentleness ef a mother’s.love. Asa result,..cur homes are vomiting forth. thausands of young men for the: work house, thousands of young ‘women for courses. of.. debauchery and shame. Wherein lies the solution of the problems. presented: ‘to us. by such a condition of society.. Isit-not in the right education ofswomen.as the guardians of the family? _ > ‘Phe disposition, the intellectual achieve- ments,:the inherent tendencies of. woman. has afforded themes for many discussions, Fhe: statesman has used his eloquence, either to justify the one extrerme—woman suffrage;. or to champion the ether— their inability.. The philosopher . has. devoted: hours in. delineating the varions ’ phases: and: characteristics of woman's. | " temperament... ‘Ehe poet, when in: the- |‘: “. Aights. of his imagination he. ‘solves: the 7 Sheatp roblems. of the. PF esent, OF like the: : 7 dean of fe fature, “depicts wouwan vas | ingtoa's mother’ was syare,: true. fee pious; ; “the wand 40: ‘which all forces: are subs revolutionizing .of - politics. . Dovthe-éx- influences: of the. gentler sex? “slsaberia servieht, But in “the: presence | “of : ‘this: philosophy ane speculation, education has | tended to develop the coarser.intellectual- -: characteristics of woman to the deterioras.”: tion of those qualities that have. made-her: the perfect. complement of. man. “The disposition, aye, the very temperament ak» woman, is being so. changed by this. une. i. natural education, that we no longer ine in her, such personality or virtue as:was painted by Eliot and Kingsley, Browning - and Shakespeare. To-day, the. loadstar — of worman’s ambition is not to make: bets . ter the homes, not to heighten. the. joys-of- domestic life; but to. reign supremeinthe high-ways and by-ways of pitblic service) | or to wage un incessant warfare. with: der © brother in some. domineering’ profession: To her a Lease or a Kate Field-has:more:,: attraction than the mother of. Washing. ton. This - drift towards. pursuits: called: practical ig so strong that it ‘carries. with it much of the besttalent. The rush.and: whirl of public life catches: the gentler sex as in a maelstrom, and, if it sharpens: and invigorates some of the powers it . dwarfs others and narrows. the: mental: horizon. The champions. of. womaw's:, suffrage proclaim as their: goal,: not. éply = the. elevation of. wotnan-kind,: butthe:. ampies. of the: ‘past in’ political life set: forth the . so- called: virtuous. an benign. of Castile was full of:-amiable qualities; but she permitted herself to be: made the instrament of diabolical religious: perseete tien. Catharine H of Russia, was-one: of the ablest women’ who.:ever: held: ee -sceptre--and one of the. most, profliget a Maria Therese of Austria,. owas TE: aay respects far above. the. commen: ievel; ae she: was-a. sharer ot what Hasbeer called the: greatest. of. political s erimes—the: Pa tition.of ‘Poland: ee oe lie: Aistory of. geeat ‘elormets,, : “of préat:: meth. oe _ thes aistory Job. great.» mothers. - ByFe fon’s Jamother was: po: and her'son ervilated her'éxample. ~ ohn Be ‘Quincy: Adams’ mpother 9 was: distinguished: ~ 320 THE SPECULUM. fet her intelicence and her son said—*i ewe ailthat lam.to mother.’ Lincaln’s fsother was intelligent, kind and sympa- teetic--her son has been called *“Phne | | Lnsp ired of America.” it was at home that these men were taspired to their great Work of lle. “Dheir mothers were aot anxious to have other rights accorded fem, -boi.ihey rose ef the glorious ‘rights they already pos- 'saVioman has the right to make bome bappy.. Phat realm no one has ever dis- pated | with ber. Men may come home aiceoon orat might and then larry a com- pa atively: little while, but she all day igatopoverns i, beautifies it, sancttlies 16. & iso within her. power to make home the set attractive place on earth. lids the : eee barber in this world. . Four a sf 905 ety. ‘though the: children may if alter: yearacwin High positions, may have safllaent residences; never will-they forget pee whamble toachander which their father ae ediand their mothersang. Someone ° Bas gaid “Tf you would gather up all ten- der..memories, all the lights aad shades of the heart, all banquetings and reunions, ’ a0 Glial, paternal, fraternal and conjagai oe ections, and you had only four letters with which to. write out that heighth and aeyvheand length and breadth, and magni- ~Shideland eternity of. meaning, sto would ayribé-out hones... . , = Let womab study the } perieee pes e a She: mays, hea mediums through which eee he ultimate end of huni ani eXistence. be here lead Het fo: Fight: aid. = tlie ir mao io the appreciation | ae cma: ben dittused: throughoat - the | iv cutis anit, Ome which aul civilization : tay, id ‘thege! ake Sih’ she: Cares ip : giactain buidnc: a ehé artes which. is i esther cultivate. those, pishncts: that, aa : an ber ealtivate: abe: oe Ek a | sebdehhd Pet a ee TLL Pa AREAL KH a Ahn TER ke Ae een eT rs sine eae BS he Bs, the ings of Eliot, the wisdom of Solomon, the inspired holiness of David. When thie education becomes universal the meascent mind of chudhood wih no longer be developed amid the vice of the “kterate; bat at heme in the midst of more congenial surroundings. “Dhen will the public cease to wonder at the seem- ing anomaly of ignorant and debased Children coming from the komes of the educated; then can the mother mouk] the very being of her chidren, then and net i then will politics be revolutionized and the bogs and marshes of society Cease t2 exsist. Then wil such organizations az the Woman's Uhristian ‘“Demperance Laien have onthived their usefulness andl ablivien be a ht heritage tor the political aspirations of our gentier sex.. Phen they can by the training resulting-from _ the true education create and maintain: | higher systems of thought and purpose). raise the whole tone of national Hfe and . give our Civilmation the faliness But set by frothy deciamations on olaiforms, uor floodiag the book-stalls with sensational literature ner by trying. to forget that they are women wii they. do this, Woman’s relative postition, her limitations in certain directions, are not - of human origin. Man did sot make | them mor by any system of education can _ he unmake ‘them. Nature has ordained — + thet those subject to these restrictions » shall not be forced to move in ihe harsh — conflicts of ithe world or launch thent-.- selves in the turmoll where ever the mast robust sometimes fail. It 1s foBy t0_ ignore their Hmitations or attempt to mal. lily them by political, educatiosal.or social quackery . : To make home attractive is s the highest triumph of aveman. She is te renter - home: happier by physical comforts, by. ebooks, by flowers. by delightful conver : Sation,: by. the sweetness of her disposies . Hon and the. gentleness of her deport: ine aphere:. sab... ie — a. not lacks: THE SPECULTM. LE 3 —se4 — . manhood, the. comforter of old age is gaiety; soothe) pain’ ‘Dy. her tenderness, dignity life: byher intelligence and ele- vate character, by her: devotion. ed "Changes an. ‘Student. Labor. i co ooo At ‘the beginning? “ok: ane term certain, changes: ‘are: to. ches. inaugurated in the stiident : Jaber Av word - of explanation may not bé Out of:-p lace. | ‘For many “yearsthe college has been crit- icised, of is SE oust Jhile so because wat trained: in the _ perform | with oo a. jarge part of the Hi ¢ Many of them could: fame ae 1 insect or plant at sight or could: analyze: to its ultimate elements any ordinary: agricultur al compound, but could. not hich apa team:.or plow a straight. furrow: tG'save their lives. Moreover; some “of our. students atill come. from: Taras” “They-felt that it was unjust that: the! boys | Pe the city should be allowed..to- pais. off the studiesin which they were proticicat while: they selves deceived no credit for: their exper; ience. itt the lin of the, real’ work of the E ca eey the following depted for this term: ee ae vagriculture ce Here: ether sdiminish sorrow by her sympathy, hieightea joy: by her_ | class are taking. reporting for.wark jn-farm , machipéry tion will be -given: which,.we -hepe, the | among - other | things,: handling ‘horses, | them- me the: student, whet IS = obliged Hon, and: this. work -is in. the.flata igan Fa inchudin; Pg planting. < : STOps - ing. We . tirely Seta Ts als - is. of -course without ; payers : While: the: first : two. Aivisiows- ‘of athe _the.. work in live stock and the dairy, She other two divisions are - and. general, farm. .work:.: ARS Ahesbes ginning. of the. term a tentative exciminas: young: men from the farm will ‘be able.to pass... This- examination: _will (--include, ngging and handling: plows,:.care:-and. operation .of farm machinery: generally, drilling, marking. orn: Frouna: and. Tube : ning the mower and. binders. . arises Oaaebgsi: To the -young men:.whe- fail, 40% pass this examination, elementary. instruction: wil be given. ‘in. the subjects. mentioned: ”: We cannot: hope to. make’ expert -horse: ” men or plowmen in the Hmited.-tinie, but an attempt -will be made to-giverthem.ah introduction to the right methods. of.;pers - forming. all kinds of farm work. Adcets tam degree of - proficiency, will: be: Fee quired and no student will. be: allowed:f0 go.on with.paid labor-antil -he shall. have | reached: the. required. grade. fas | .Ebe plan agat present: ouslined ne ate ngesce > being: ‘received. “in- “the. colleges oe making ap ithe condition . “rather tha gitimate college. work. . Sih eo “Por. next .. spring: tein} wand. fhe two. terms: following: the: work: is) not: fully a planned... “Fhe: present: experimental: fede. ture will® ‘be. prominent dont 2 a, scion ! Nifooad ee oo ithe, =r _ j for be the oo r THE SPECULUM, | 13 —a ooo sec... and the average horse power 14.09. The carwas No. 20, and is exceptionally heavy. Many pecularities of track equip- ment and Teguiation are evident fromthe various curves. P.B, W, Electric Transmission of Power. LYMAN J. BRIGGS. { Abstract frow tn article delivcred era ial the Faun Bera Pi, laly. ai, "O0,) In all problems relating tu.-the electri- cal transmission of energy, two factors aré to be considered, the current and the potential at which. it is-transmitted, For ordinaty cefitral station work in citigs, whether with direct or alternating cur- rents..a constant voltage is maintained, thé ‘current Being varied to suit the demand. - For series or arc lighting, the cirrent'is kept constant, and the pressure varied according to the number of lamps used. I’his distinction -is of importance ia electrical transmission, although neither condition | is-Hperatives - | . Ehe. telation between the - potential at rae the current is supplied to the motor avid the -heat--loss' in the circuit is to be : cotisidéred i stidying economic trans _ mission. Let R represent the sum of all the fesistances in the external -circuit, C ” the’ ce@srent,-E, the-difference of potential of: the. dynamo terminals, and E, the eoutter electro-motive. force of the motor: . By: Joulé’s law, the heat waste-in watts. | eR. Since va Bg -E bY Ohm’ s law; We - have, on _substitation, heat waste Suppose now that: we increase E, and Ee dn-such a way flat (EE. a) has the "pare Walue “us beforé, ‘aid that R. does “HOtChange the current; aad therefore the beferé. potential differeiee: at d¥admo and. rirotor “terminals, be designated by E’,and E', FeSp' clively. cor gnder! the “new: ‘conditions, EC with lower vo ltages. Héat: foss will - be: précisely the same as. : Hitching. several: generators. a8 series.) . Let the two mew -values of the | - poses: .-may-.also.be- obtained by means cof. toa transformer, ) “The dlectrval work done | ; aN V ay 5 ee ‘add - the useful WORE or + ing.- ‘cursent. fiour. “the: dynamo rendesitig” = _ the “make. snd: treak”. “apparatus” .dnnets: 7 essary, By varyin g the number of RuPDS 2, y shite We would have WE; C3 pando. That is to say, with the same heat loss, more energy. is trafismitted, and more work ded: Fhe | efficiency is also greater, since w ah ED 3 and this ratio ig nearer - unity. than E,.: since EB’, and E’ were formed by ReRTEVa equal increments to E,, and E, Teo illustrate, let E,—100 volts, E “266. volts, R-~r ohm. ‘Phen C=100-90=-10 Io amperes. W—=1,000 _ watts, W==900 | watts, and the heat waste is 100 watts,:. giving an electrical efficiency of 90% +: Suppose now E, to be increased to 1,000 volts, and E, to g90 volts; C==16 amperes as before. But W'==10,000"° watts, and w‘-=g,900 watts, while the»: heat waste is 100 watts. There is. ten times as much energy transmitted with - the same heat waste, and the efficiency - has risen to 99%. A high voltage is. therefore.an important factor in success- - ful economic transmission. The various - methods of obtaining such vo tages will how be considered. i? The E, M. R.. of a generator. 88 upres : portictial ta-the product of three: factors, = viz.: the number of turns of wire.omthe. armature, the number of lines of forces: threading thraugh ‘the armature core, and“ the speed.. Theése -principles furnish: as’ with the followmg methods for’ securing.” the desired electr o-motive * FORee OCA Driving both - generator» ‘and motor. BES high speeds. _. This is limited. by mechans. ical considerations. | (ii) Winding: the. atmature with many turns of wires ob “DLS Soe ance is large compared with. the’ denna 3 resistance. of the generator: | (iit). Em: ploying. powerful. ‘field. magneta..- nae | High, ‘voltages * ‘for, iranamission. pug: ewhich, is® ‘but ow ‘radii: mL, in the primary and secondary coils, any Noltage within certain limits determined “chiefly by insulation difficulties may be abtained. This feature is important, for hie. voltage at the receiving end of the ine! may be “stepped down” to any de- sired pressure, his fact, together with “the. high efficiency (o7 % or 98%) i is “fapidty bringing © the transtormer into Beneral use. 7 a Ss eee ". ‘Getmination at a Low Temperature. An interesting discovery in seed ger- ‘Yoigation at a low temperature was re- iceally made by Mr.. True of the dairy department. Wheat chaff containing “some: chess seed (Bromus Secalinas L), ad ‘Deen ‘used in packing the ice in the e House, and this seed he found to have perminated ; the slender rootlets pier cing he ice in some cases to the depth of one Bd one-half inches. Only two. other : feties of seeds, rye and white mustard, e known! to! germinate’ at the’ tempera- EOF ice. ‘Prof: “Wheeler: regards. this HOen US’ i satisfactory. explanation of fe Feason why cness is often abundant in wet cold..spots in wheat fields where lic ae ‘has: been. Selle out. He will Seng AG the: State Board. Ang. Lz “and £3, the ne Bieuicss was transacted ::: _ Degree of Mas. eet Agriculture \ Was granted: to Eugene: BDayesiport nds Titow-B, Charles, M.S: ‘Degree to C. B. Smith, Poteatick and P.G, ‘Holden ; and ‘the honorary ‘Gegre: Sok Master. of Horticulture on ae Morrill (Betton flatbor, <2) | eventy: ‘five: dollats. was allowed for tools in the fOULE. Shop.” A “request. Was madé to the U. S. war nent for néw'féld pieced at the college. Resinvaions of Prof. ‘Munifork: ‘and: ‘Messrs: Ross- yan, Hedrick. asd Dtevetis. were: accepted, and A. B: relay: apbointed 16 sidteed, Are ‘Hedrick atia. Salary $500: ‘pel, year, FALE, “Harrison, te Buécéed, Mrs Ross: ian at a salary of g600'per atinant Mr Wi: ‘Mum- of fe p per years: ee sie organizing ‘{nstituids. > Inracchout a the: Stat AEC interest: is made manitest, ay tke, farming. dis: fete in: Seneral.. _ (bad ee tS ee ecard Prk: Mumford: ars ‘ealaty’ of: $80! ‘per. | ene, and: Moe A: Fulton to succeed, d Mr, Stevens) Ate BPs PUBLISHED MONTHLY DURING THE COLLEGE YEAR, BY THE STUDENTS Or THE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL Conner, TERMS, 72 Cerira a Year; Sinane Numueus, 10 Cents, ADVERTISING RATES MADE KNOWN ON APPLICATION, - gae> Subscribers will be notified when their subscription has expired, and are requested ta renew éefore the neaé tate. BOARD OF CONMTRON. CC. A, Sewer, ‘- - - | = Edttor-in: Chief. ASSOCIATE EDIToORs.: . O,H. REED, Olympic Soolety, RL. C.ure, a Eclectic Society, Delta Tau Delta Fraternity: Wat. J, McGee, . J. H. "BRUSY, sco Union Literary Society. Elesperian Society $. i. FULTON, — C.F. HERRMANN; Colinsbian Literary Society. Phi Delta Thets Fratemity, D. T. Rawoarr, re a Business Manager TH. A. Hacanonn, (ot. Asst, Basiness. Manager, - | Bec. E, H. BUTTERFIELD, ~ - Treasurer. AcricuLturAL CoLLEGE, Aug. 15, 1894: LET no reader of. Tux Specutum fail to read the abstract of the. address of Ex-President Willits delivered at. the graduating exercises August 13, on the subject of “Agriculture | in Transition, a | Just as we go to press, Mr. . LP. Churchill, treasurer’ of the ‘class of - 953 hands. us $5.15 and a copper plate en- graving asia gift from: the: class. Many thanks. The: plate is a beauty; look! and. see for. yourself, as Wwe. are. using. it cat: the head of the news liems in this issue. Many thanks are due our. most. able predecessors for their very: efficient work during the past year. Under their. mane tions have ‘both ‘been’ greatly improved. while the. literary contents of its columns have been well up to the high standard; making x, THE Sprcutum a sheet of which ‘the, college has justly, been proud, oe a Wk. aes eSngider the muliiiude. cae changes” that have> ‘taken. _place inthe - editorial: Staff'and g gover rein tay bi oar d P; f Tas : ‘SPECULUM si since, nits: first 3 issue: an August, THE SPECULUM. aan. “TTT, uw 1882; i seems -traly remarkable that it has had so few vicissitudes. Its history has been one of continual development. Each year there has been. marked im- provemienis over the last, until the ‘pees- ent managetnent ace now able with this. ibe ffteenth vear under | lgsue to beoin the most auspicious Circumstances, _ ‘Tuts year a thesis has been required | of ihe apricultural gradaat tes for the first time, and the resulis have been, in the main, very grativing to the instructors. The theses are many of them articles of rath | wert, and. although Ho adds one more: weight tg the already heavy course, yet itis very probable that the thesis has came to stay. There is certainly no question: as to the great worth of auch wOrk to the stadent, requiring as it does absdintely original Dag ia "b HEeses have been. required of the mechanical stadents since the establishment ef the course. .Gur thanks, congratulations and good wishes we most cordially extend io. the cass of “os. Onur thanks we extend for tHe ‘good “they have done usi our con- gratulalions for the good they have ac- ‘complished for themselves, and our good, wishes are fer their future. May the warp wad woof of their future; consiat of amdkimum of pleasutes and successes, atid 2 minimum of failures and pain. 795 is.cemarkable in several respects. It is the second Jar gest class that ever grad- uated from, the institution, while their general class average is second to none. There are thirty-five men of them and includé among then numbers, fellows from Canada, Siberia and Japan, as well ‘as fron all paris of our.own and neigh- boring» states. . . . eee in me. ae thevscene which: 296. iste play. ; have. the: Wer. this: aumber the: eurtain | riges-on | “Phere | ‘ate B owing prospects | for ibe: fockrs, “but. owe who are on the stage luily appr euidte | : ra Ase Perera eu the student body, the college, while the: al: are all: ‘ave S * “Mis. ‘Nébie! She, dHolicwonke oe fe i teridered a. eceptign’ pc ne Benge aad sub:feruity: 5 wW little caacbe accomplished: weRless We © ae, hearty. support. of. the: ‘publics: © before: whout, we. plays: he instructors S; oy Jaty:3 19,7 err. ar. and. the aitanh are, those to whem we espkeially “appeal ite: this matter. The rst (wo Jare here. aly our bread land. and: frou: al fident.af great aid ie: : words, And prampt; pr ohne Shevare: end : financial) contributions.” MAB chop e to hear frem évery one of “the: college alumnus at least once during: ‘the. years even though it be- Oak a “poptal: carde Where are you, and whatare you: domes We and your brother Gump are ale anxious to learn about § cee A PSS of ive We understand thal | = dents” EE ay Pte ee dents itis not; and under ae wes ibe ye nl Our laboratories and over-work. our over-work ik is most oppressive. ‘Noa thie also, to the exclusion of the regiilar.: sua dents who pay the fees, and by: thelr regular attendance help to support the = college. and swell the rail of graduates... : The original object for holdin out auc Be inducements.to summer. Students, was io get a ‘pall’? upon high. seBoor stac ents through the teachers whe: swould attend | here; but when so many #funkers” oaks other institutions GE sand: ‘SO: few. i: ants. Scores of “the” ou ‘Stodents would be glad to a6 ‘their manual Jabor.: in ihe laboratories, | and | Wie. “trast: ‘iat anather year these aaiuet and esse ae against Bs. ' At the Students” ‘Organtaadot July sb. abe following. pticers were: ehbtedk: forthe engting years: “th President; 0. e. ‘Reed: Mice: Prestaehy See Seer eT OE he anal We: a Wonca July: any in HBWr. oF Mise! ‘Glate and’ Bre: “Reynolds. bes and MB ; Bowards’ » ebletianied | ‘the! Senineg aa - ae a6 THE SPEHECOUL’) A, a oe el a a oe ee el a el er ee ee ee —_—- me a a SN A : Lt 3 . | | . The chemical department have Jssst 3 : issued a bulletin on the “Ansiysis of Pertilisers,’* A’ Spectal Bee Bghetia® Ses xiso been pulbished fy RZ. Fay: eet Laneer. BO Prof, Berraws reperia Peat A bere, veck ahouljered hawk fey agpahest 2 chimgey af his howuee the siher seen: . ime aad Killed Bigwelf Professor can’t understand why the chiamer of his house should have been choses hg preference Lo otbers. ' Phe imuch needed and jong lesked fr reu bas arrived, Far green See ee RO | PavriL ae i seasons the beauty of the caaigee fee bern Bh gai ihe laws corered with brows grass Beat githin > i the past week the grast, Sowers and wild garden” - | have tokest on 2 ceat ef grees. Ht has bees severe! | yang singe the greamis Save locked sc beautlial aed": | Inviting for commmrneemcst. : 5° Sane i Sedum - dsy thet gine Tyrese" githering : SCH BITSIC Gets mek wis our compas, 228 Uae ! i mesenm: is as uanel the central atractiog.3 and wit are vis. | cous, bowever, who would aot daeo if they kee itieg in Bast Seg | chat tke street cars dropped them half a mille Frovw: ake dew. ., sd Beat tulidings, We hope ie sec the Hee coutiged \ . Prof, Heide | te the Worery, or at lesst to Howard terrace bedave * , earth | 35 Saey . ihe year if dees. . ods “ _, Sing orders for | THE SPECULUM ACCOUNT. water colors. | Beoort for the year endiag August, ag ¢ ee Prof. HabecacE | Belamre en hand August, iiag, - - has been Hi, WAS : Total amount collected’ during peer. ‘ out for ihe Get i Totsi amoust oaid out during year, om August 14, | Ao ri 4 Hoiapee ga hand Augumi, 18¢5. - - Account with Themssen & Yan Buren Ameen due Ppumpacn & Yan Jaren Augest, Aen paid Phomipaon tk Yar Buren, . MW. Fuorew. | tet mare aves toe the sccomeandation af be gr Bigs add ‘thelx inmmediots fiends a2 the varieus SEE “ * on’ bie guest BE es. Br Bawatds: : THE SPECULUM. © a ty. ————— or aerl a va —.—,,, a ee rm Sa eae) am wisely to this bis second class from M. A. C. 2he two soles by Mr. Phil. E. Baer were also inter- esting features of the order of service, (a ihe afternoon of August cz the senior class ren- cered the following class day exercises. The articles were well up to the average. The poem by Mr. Maines and the oration by Mr. Heck deserve special mention. The last of which we publish in this rssile of Pu SrecuLum. The program was as follows: Biusic. - - - Eclectic Orchestra President's Address, - Guy L: Stewart Gratien, = - : - - E, f. Heck © VYaual Sele, . - = Miss Sophia Haynes History, Ea : - Chas. H. Robinson Pawss, ree =] - M,.-G. Kaines “ag — iss 4Oe Smith Vaneor Bet, - a faire B Smith ra 4 Proptesy, oo ts ~ Hugh E. Ward College Paper, | -. W. G. Goodenough BMusic, - : Loos Eclectric Orchestra President. Gorton’s reception in the evening from 5 io Ee o'clock aas largely attended and hugely enjoyed oy all. It was followed by a hop at the Armory where heeuty and chivalry danced to most excelent music by se Eclectic orchestra tii the gray light of dawn, fan Tuesday merning at 16 A.M. occurred the grad- nating exercises proper, The program was as follows: Mareh, a - - “Exponent” a | ‘Meech’s Orchestra. Ee - Invocation. . ae _ “ -" | head Kindly Light” | Lansing Male ¢}uarteite, Adress, _ - Education of the Farmer |. : . H.R, Smith. | The ‘Niagara Water Power eo Address, . R.-L. Rernolds. Music, — - -- ‘dnnie Ladrie” . Lansing Male Quartelte. wot - Agriculliare in Transition oe - den. Edwin Winhts. Chreriaice, ae . ** Bohemian Girt” nes Meech’ s Grehestra. oo». . | resentation ef Medads, Meeci’s (rchesira, Presentation of Diplomas. Misic, _ a me “Fascination? . "= . Meaeeh’s Orchestra. The ‘morning was fine, the Armory pleasant, the prygrai, excellent, the audieace in good humor and . evershing moved pleasantly from start to finish. Biv Eh: Re Smith and Mr. R.L, Reynolds each did” thenigelves, “thelr - class and the college eredit 7 in, ‘their addregses gud were, roundly applauded, but the signal . . far - “at overwhelming burst of applause WAS - when : Hed. Bdwie: Willits; ex-president. of -the college, nese ‘te. deliver the address of the day. ‘He Spoke fot [ ait deur’ ey His mast telling Way pon “Agricudtiire ee fravsition,” abstracts of which will be found: pany drili and extended order. B,: ‘Cele; ‘L. Loomis, Warren, (Williams ; B, Redate® “Liberty Bell! : + ing oALUGTERES ‘Sathe ae” ‘nain¥: ‘gtiesis: ‘Dew aie td aveve asHuther cuban: aithis issue; awe régret that: spac . spelt sot permit us-do: publish itin full: Immediately ‘| hess: «hie: ae “ot Mite Maurice? Ge oBaiss; "8 upon tne conclusion of these programs the graduates,. stidents moe mere, with their relatives and friends- pen. gan leaving for their homes or for a summer vacation: _ and at present writing “‘all is quiet aODg the’ Red: Cedar. ee Wednesday F. M., at ‘four a clock began the. inspec: tion of military companies bay State Adjt.-General ; Green of Detrgit. The troops were in good conditien:... ; and made a satistactory appearance. Very little RR, said. by the inspector, but he seemed wel! pleased: His oficial report has not yet been made pubiic.. Fhe: promotions of the non-commissioned officers frem the :* freshman aad sophomore classes are niade entirely. om individual merit. A scale of 300 points is gon: sidered perfect. Special notice being giver. te: AB, pearance and scldiery bearing ; clothing, anme ang... equipments; precision in the manual Of Arms, CGM v ’ The following :age<* pointments in the battalion of cadets are to take place’: 3 this term: Captains—A mos, Briggs, Morse = and? Fimpie, Adjutani with rank of First Lieutenant. Sees. Quartermaster with rank of First 1 TL jowteesattt - os —Thempson. First Lieutenant and Chief of Artifiesy! —Herbert, First Lieutenants—-Buek, Love, Matide and West. second Lieutenanis- Barnum, Young, a Bowditch, Rork aud Myers. Sergant Maior— Hun phrey. First Sergants—Merkei, VanNorman, Rogers... and Shaw. Sergants--Herrman, Goodwin, Hart, Hagerdorn, Dibble, Patriarch, McLouth, Groxes, Munson, Chittenden, Elljott, Lowey, Parker, Fischer; — Redfern, Rigteriak and Gorenflo. Cerporals— Denton, _ Lundy, Merkel, Morrow, Eldridge, ‘Fairfield, Cre tenden, Nichols, Gunnison, Arnt, Severance, See July 26,4 social evening was given by the ‘faculty: is the students. I: was the first’ of ‘its: ‘kind: given: SHS severg! years and was enjoyed by alarge. number ofttie: © me coHege population, The - numbers on the progeny » were interspersed with dances to the music cables . Eclectic orchestra: Sa Ciab swinging, = - - - Salo— This Time Last Year,’’ . _Seleclreading, - ~ -~ + . Solo-~ Love’ $s Chord,” ~ Mr. j. E. Daniéls.: a Solo" To Sevilla,” a Mi iss A. B; ‘Shep Fae : i Selection from “Much Ade About Nothiug,® parts: of Act H, Scene Til, ahd of Act LY, Scene oa (Mrs. Kedzie and Messrs. Mum for ‘dy: Hedreck Davis, ‘Noble aiid Crosby.. PBR pos ss, qa. Druet—''T Peel Thy Angel Spirit, afibs Shepard nd a 0 Me, Curtis. > wth SATE 8, Selection from “Much Ado boat Not i¥ . of et Hit, oe eal : Mr. G. 'R. "Custis | Mrs, G. c. ‘Davis Qeee ey a. Chub. swinging, - ’ es cos ee : 30, (uct Phe flow Me Daniels, st Bee Conte, Some. tiie: tees 3 sty: aed: swedaesaay “eeu: = ate St.2Paal’s “BEpiséopal- cehurcel: of Lansing “to WHE THE SPECULUM, ee . to: Miss. Inez M. Hutton, «Promptly at 6 o'clock the 7 vested. choir filed in--followed by the bridal party- ~ {consisting. of the ushers, Messrs: Ed. Higgs, fas. Kimball, Geo. Rosé and* ‘Guy. L, Stewart, the second aaret and Florence: Daye ‘and the —— on the HOU Big 2 SER pa poets ae eee ‘the sophomore Seige ae ' HELO: _ afternoon _ a is now growing an the farm, et - Bt iN ae tiiat was designed | atirely. by ous ais: Prank, | sire but re: Seat rahe vee cine E te ls groomsman, Mr. Douglass Kains, the maids Missés, ° hy sttidesit tabor. | “Fis : ae ee Lal Hes aa 2 EE: department more interestin, iB toa bila trial isgiven. This:practice of decepUion should ° be severely dealt with aud our legislature MICE make such deceptions criminal, . MECHANICAL , A new. dynamo has arrived at the shops t te be used exclusively for lighting the shops and the mechanical. drawing and class. rooms. ge Richard. L: Frost, with the class of By, foee recently. jnveuted anew steel pump (hat possegses several new: and .valuable’ features. (Guite an elaborate descrip-:. tion with several plates showing the mechanism, Is - ‘given in the ‘American Machinist’’ of May g. 0.0 ..7¥ W. J. Goodenough and H R, Parish receutly mide: an efficiency test of the boilers and engine of the: steamship ‘‘Rappahatnack.” Fhe test was. made - while on the’trip from Detroitto Buffalo. An engine teat of six honts, and a boiler test of ten hours was” made. The boys report a pleasant trip. - ia “BOT ANI AL, eaves: B. Oo. Longyear has” just’ conipletéa a 2 map of the botanic gatden, “Tt now covers ‘three: Actes. Just east af Howard terrace a grave is under. “WAY, that is to comprise all varteties of. trees and: shrubs. ‘of Michigan. Prot. Wheeler has. returned from his. northern’ Ani, to Alpena. - He was gone three weeks and found sever, flowering plants new to Michigan. He also secured 30 living plants for the botanic garden. A collection of seeds made here at the college was... sent fo the Kew Gardens near London, England, i exchange for seeds that were received here last spring... A plant and seed collection for Washington, BD. C.,- is. : also inprogress. While another coilection is to Be tos: 7 Denmark in exchange for a collection af. grass seed received here last year, Seda Re Mr, DD. McArthur of South Dakota has sent as’, ‘SOME: large specimens of the Russian thistle to exhibit! at farmers’ institutes. this winter, in order to show. the. growth of the thistle ag it is in nature. A barreb: iste placed over the plarit while yet preen and the. plant” ' allowed to dry. These barrels can be easily taken, to the iustitutes and the: plant can be SERS in: 35°? Hatural fort. z We. desire the earnest co~ operation of every persen ; who his ever been connectéed with thé céllere in iry- ing fo make. this department an interesting’ one.” Let’: “every aliimaus.aed | every person who: has: bees “Welle “@fassés Heré send iti-news to the editor ofthe depart: ment, afte, ‘thus making his work. muck. easier and... ve yet - 2a periter, orto of ‘experimental a een gfbeciing at Cornell, bas. g dust publishes’ an Slementar a inn he oe frétn, there to, » Benzieé county. . THE SPECULUM. . | Eg Prot Smiih met C. C, Georgeson at the Denver Wiceline of experinient station workers. “49, A. aA. Creeler of the farm department, has fist sent ut Bulletin-<28. ft is on Clovers and The lx peri- a of De-tasseling Corn. "2, Lk ‘Mace ath, who has been holding the pester aT principal Of the peilic schoois of Saratega, N.Y., has recently been appointed superintendent of schools’ i Sudson N.Y. The citizens of Hudson are to-be congratulated upon ae bis services, OA, Ma. Emety is.at the head ef the . new fire Rhown | a8 the J sAmeL RE Book a Paper Co. 7, W. Matthews of Plattevit 38, Wis., is visiting in Grand Rapids, -..0 = Go, Lawrence has Geen retained for another year as teacher «tthe Okenos achoot, | tat ae Fref. Henry Thuriell of the Nevada University, is attending the University of Sacond game, 64; 16;7-5; 4-6; 6-4 in favor of M- SA. Co | | | “Third game ouly two sets were played. Score 7-5 ictavor. of M. A.C. 5-7 in favor of L. T. c. by mua “Hickey, L. 7. C., isa student of the U, of M. He vould make a favorable showing against U. of M, . players. | Pa: is hoped that some plan will materialize by which etEL: best player will represent us at the next field day, - How. would . a series of games between our best play- save da?’ The benefits which would follow from such a “sepiaewould be manifold. Those who would represent a ‘wold “have ample time. for preparation and our . boys-would know on whom to stake their confidence (#}, _ Would’ not the betterment af this sport be furthered Bet] by: électing a tennis manager? 1 Since: field: day only four ball games have been played. ‘on the college grounds. . This is decidedly as . Boe should fot be: . We are here during the whole sea- “sake and there i is. no reason why we should not have - the best: tall team in ‘the ME TA. A, thre i Lercorend fig’: managet WHE secre. games thranghout the season, thé building, up’ a stronger: team “and _ placing thé: standard of nlayers higher. Let ils give the pall players better encouragement | int: the: way ‘of criticism. We should think, whether -. we take an active part in athtetics or not, that the | | saccess of our: athletes, . our. tennis players: and our . ..-faat ball team, a5 well-as our. base ball team, depends ova great deal a pon the’ enthusiasm “with which we fire : thera) ? Between. the stb-facelty ” ‘avid “ehe:: freshmen. “the: SCOFE | | hac 7 Le ie: €. éotiplimented our bovs on their ability and said we - August 3, a college picked up nine played a team from Bath, Seven innings were played and ganic resulted in a victory for Bath, score—-15—-10, The season of foot ball is rapidly coming on and it is hoped that the greatest possible effort will be made to make a successful season. With our- able captain and heavy weights we can form a strong teain. The ‘pames of Jast year taught the boys a great deat. These pointers will be of great benefit to the teat this year, The date for local Geld day is set for September aq... F, W. Herbert, local field manager, wishes to state that all entries must be in by September 17. ‘Let us help the good work along and make the field day a successful ane. | . 1 Societies. The fall term society. officers are as follows: wie oe FERONIAN SOCIETY. Le President, Miss Myrtle Peek. : Vice President, Miss Bertha. Welfmas...- Secretary, Miss Bertha Baker. Treasurer, Miss Lillian Wheeler, COMMENCEMENT PROGRAM... President’s Address, . Miss Loa: Rewer Characterization of Longfellow, Mary Baker Essay, - - - Miss Alice Coats Society Paper, - ~ - Miss Katie Cook — Recitation, . - Miss Bertha Welkman | Story, - - . Miss Lillian Wieeler _- Prophesy, - - Miss Lizzie Trueman - . HOSPERIAN SOCINTY, It is hoped that - “SOF the four alt games: cio" were aver inning | gates . Both | ““Tésiited in. wictories for. the: ‘latter by. a.score éach | S timse ef! 825. (July, 26, the wollage: ninie’ played, the fe “Lansing, athletic clixb ot the college groukds.s, The Re ee Ee :gante.was marked by the number of.erters prihcipalty: “| “oe the Ly AL C. which were pee. The: = follow le is ee : President, L,. P. Fimple. Vice President, W. T. Barnum. _ Treasurer, J. BD, McLouth. Secretary, H. L, Becker. Janitor, D. J. Hale. COMMENCEMENT PROGRAM. a ‘itcheil - President's Address, * - J. 5. History, a - - EW, Lawson Oration, . - - - HL F. Lake, Jr Prophesy, - - “ G. i eit U COLUMBIAN SOCIETY. President, M, W, Stutz, Vice Presiderit, O. P. West. Secretary, T. L, Hankinson. Treaster W., . Kingstom. COMMENCEMENT PROGRAM. . ra j. & “Weldbuis:- President’ s 8 Address, - : Oration: ee sap -_ om. ne detest 2h Peer, om = : . OP: "Gee ohebtistety,-< $5 ne. ~ We} 1 Caindisings FP, 5: -Phiflips TEE SERS TEEN ru 21° UNION LITERARY SOCEKTY 0 Uieg 00. President, C. H. Briggs. . Vice President, E. A. Robinson . fate - Secretary, G. F. Richmond. ee oe a! — "PROGRAM: haa So 4 Treasurer, F. W. Robison. : * Slory; “ee a, : os Ww WJ bicGee Marshal, FV. Warren, Oration SRS ‘Arnotd of saly eg: 4 We Hart © COMMENCEMENT PROGRAM. ; _ Piano Belo p, Desiderio," Miss : Myrtle Peck President’s Address, + J. E. Niswander. 1. comer pehineatish, : - To MRS BR ¥apte History, ~ - . - - . P. ¥; Ross Guitar ¢ Sola, mR. Ri: Parish @ration, - - ©. H. Robison | Poem, ae Hot ee E, D, Patridge _ Prophesy, - - - CEE. Briggso a — oor AE a 7 a R. Vaniderhoef Society Paper, . - : B.D. Partridge - usic yihe) Ecleétic. orchesiea. a | Sp peaidlant; N. Mo ‘Morse. . a Mice President, H. W. Hari, + Sécretaty, OR. Austin. _— | Ereasitcér,“E, Shaw." 7 - es =e Marshal, Ay Mi. “Patriarché.. . at “COMMENCEMENT PROGRAM, ~ President's Address, = =. 0 History, - - - . WH. E. Ward - .-Foem, we Ss - - C. P. Close — Oration Le ve : » COA, Jewell Prophesy, - " ae is M. Morse _ ECLECTIC SOCIETY. ~ President; R. i Clute. | = Dies. President: R R.B. Buek. ; a: « Sterétary, H. Arat. ., Peaster, C.D. Butterfield. 2 edesget 4 Marshal, A. A. Dibbie. | Cora os “COMMENCEMENT PROGRAM: 7 President's Address, ' = - : WC. ‘Stebbins : Bogan, we ee : we aR: A. Clute i popmay os “ : -— ee ORO. Lewis | : ration, - = = - D, fF. Randall : * Beciety: Paper, ae - «+. & €. Cole a a . “DELTA TAU, DELTA FRATERNITY... - : | Yresidens, ELM. Kautere, (0 «Mice President’ ‘Bred HE Vaples Seeretaty: and. Treasurer, Fred B, Ainger. __ “aed we. 2 ESET et: ‘that wee ‘failed: fo pet the program. ‘PHI DELTA BE | "President, B. A. Bowditch, | 7 iS ieee O. Goreuflo i “Brot es ne 7 Ai uf Ww jiederseben Borpooo oy H.R. Smith | in the: “deelamations, the. sllveromedak was won by Miss Bettha Wellman. 7°" Pee oa The ‘gold’ medai for oratory by’ Chas. H. Alvard: ae while i in ‘the debate Gerrit Magsefink was victorious.. -Phis.j is a: new feature inaugurated: by Dr, Edwards anid cartied out’ ‘for -the first me this - “year, Te: ‘Has | ‘proved a” very: pleasing SlCCESS, ’ ‘and ayill . doubtieds remain a permanent feature. Full details of the organization and its workings are given in oe East April number of THE SPECULUM. | BpSeND FOR PREG E UST ® DETROIT, MICH ee Ge mW: F. "Beal o9.{- : my ae ae = H. Kimbalt, 05. 2)o 328 FE Chas. ‘Herrmatn, or. A GNI inant ane iia ee THE SPECULUM. A NICE SUIT . - OR SPRING OVERCOAT, Hats Capsor anything in the Furnishing - - - - Goods line, give us a call marked in plain figures. JOE BECK tif Moshivan Avenue East. All gaods THE F LEOTHIER, ee ee Wee ln oy corals ae at] taf HK. H. LARNER, ——-DEALER IN—— POC Kary | the best styles of lamps. Lansing, AAT. hina. pecial attention given to obtaining Jn othe PL r Norton's ae med tie VAeTRE GTM. G F ° [ Ce PARTE » ak I, FE AL HATS, CAPS, > + StHR . 4 A gore Mt est PESTS. A Socctaity, o GENTS FURNISHING ‘ihe Clothier For FINE CLOTHING, i PU anren cua nncua ln te Lived peteda ec aledeetovtleee bane a AM pape ps ra ee TD aed Tis BYusiiapter Awana: Musik. HEADQUARTERS Students and Others, Give eS Gali. | er A aa esa en raph Bn peeved te AN Sea? enitapee fe Colitere crema. FURNISHED ROOW FOR STUGENTS. et Greem Soe, Confectionary, Preis, Sietionery, | J already hove & (0H line of zt, THE SPECULUM. a ——- eo Finn THAT IT Pays TO ADVERTISE IN AL Col le ege Pp eopl. e, Students and Faculty, patronize our + advertisers, Are essential garments in this climate, and if you think of owning one | fancy it will be to your advantage to see what I am showing in that way before making your. purchase. “There. is nothing in the way of a top coat that will afford. you the same pleasure and comfort as a first-class .- Mackintosh. My Wool Coats are all cemented,” strapped and sewn on, and guaranteed water-procf. a - - ‘ = wT 1" a = - . a ' a 1 4 or a= . oo” i a1 ci “> . Poe 1 a On the market, at the “price, than the ‘Men’ S Un. . derweat I offer at ONE DOLLAR per suit. fo IY oe. clits: ali t the cl iffe rent grades i in the § r er qualities, an d . a ns 8 i at right prices. “Complete lines of ‘Hats, Caps, Canes, Uinbrelias, Neckwear, “Shines pac Hosiery, Handkerchiefs | Students’ patronage rospectfally: solicited. Po oo ee a . ._* . a . . oa . THE SPECULIM. 1 — Sn eee eee ote coer fs Watches, Jewelry and Novelties. ee ee eee —————eee in ineed gonis they are able te give thei: customers the advanisees of the isiesc clyies at eholessic prices, ge "in ihe ertel WATCH REP ALHING we have ne sugeriars- Wm: gs fr BAO A 7. a ree te ee] ey ee — CHAS. A. PIELLA biomonds Watches, Clack ~ Repairing of Five Watches and Jewelry Jewelry, Sverware aud Cetical Grods on band. 2 specinity. io Warehingion Avenue North, Lansing, Mack. FINE SHOES. a Boerne BLOCK. oe FMUBBER Coops SPECIAL FATES TO COLLEGE ETUDENTES. A eS ae if Sake A.M. Emery’s Book Store your head - e A : quarters whe you “wait for the wagon, - A Large Steck of CoHege Text Books and Stationery, Mliscellanesus Beoks, Atbuma a i ia P H ry 3 * Z : (rok Pens, ! Paintings and Eineraviggs, Wirt’s Fountain Pens, Pref. Aachwen's S200 Library : Picture Frames and Wali Paper fee Nioed. : oe cepstuniiy an hand. ey: peices ATE. A . M. EM ER Y. Reduced fates fo Students. BAKERY. OYsTrers : CONFECTIONERY. ICE CREAM. Se Washiauion Aiverue South. isin, Bate. Glasses Carefully and Accurately | Fitted. , q re “SPECIALIS Peete a : “OFFICE ‘OVER, LARNEO'S: CROCKERY STORE. ie a: BE. et i: 30 5 te 8 é. BM . Poe hes a ~ ae co q & NSIN Q. MICH, THE SPECULUM. _ 2 Capih US ree ee dd We Would be pleased tc shew pow sar epring and Summer. . Cleaded and tryed fa it be me Ss Hid Gloves Cleaned and fed. | Tail OP or Njade Quits iaivich FPenibers Dyed, - ; HATS, PR. SHEETS, SPVEATERS, Tins, SUSPER DEER, SOE, JEL ELEY, eters promptly eteadhed vo. HH. KOSITCHEK & BROS. &,. G. BISHOP, Prop’y, - ‘Eee Bellabie (Hethiera. _® £43 Washington eve. @ LN. STONE TEE Os TE DING GROCERS eel eee el pe Are heudguariers dor Ktnple amd Faary Groceries and ; Provisions. Mroltn and vegetables in their senson. Cl.aice Se ore gate Hutter and Fresh Rees alwave on hand. {Mee we a cul. = ee meorbes shee af ise ater = i? 7 4 ¥ ere ras — 2 oe, te =. 293 WASMIMGTOW AVE. NOT H- THE LARGEST Retail Grocers, Bakers and Confectioners _ in Central Michigen. and DRUG rue BILL, x arvect event pad, ak ~ Be Ha ed Ba A Ud We ‘gre: yang ube ou ‘eke fer. | TALOR, , | Ra atatientioie Bere: roeh Pure Crean oF Ta tor “Baking Peder . : Bo Sil Secenrearolwa, (0 0), | = — Re. adem. in this ta. distant your digestion. | _ . THE SPECULUS™. 1S THIS BUTTS SLADE TO ORDER FOR $4 &. ‘eo '- bl: . ABD UR. 1) We thik as pueth Gicur (ollege Preade 25 ever - feme ! in and SXERUInS GUE gods and ger prices. Thes hae aac ceed ree inte the Downey 3 gape Miack, Hist gmt eh fe taisd Hl | fun a4i Fe ask of Fou is one endl tp conviges you thal We GAH RAYS you wane. LA Paes | The Park Shee House. ey ee eee rao. Pe urrr _ 7 "4 = a, n “i ri a 1 , Tf Sn Bahy > Creag Separator sill pormprapeere nt a. you every Fear Where ahiptinus an infoeries spam agnather year ateo arestales? Dalrrinc b sew ihe. eniy profitabte feature of Agriquilaare, Eels aoe ducted 3 it abWAFS DHFS Well, abu Bust Pay FoR, Lan *y nesd a Separator. and ee Bend tbe SR yo the a “Habs.”