_ ure. VoLume XIV.—No, 3. AGRICULTURAL CoLLzGE, MIcH., Oct. 15, 1 595. WHOLE No. go. —rs or. —r-. —_— IF. Drill, Droil Drill. EXTRACT FROM CLASS POEM BY M. G. KAINS, at A freshman to the dri ground came to learn the various Paes |; To #arch, to furn, advance and halt; and make the sundry faces. “Fall it,” a sergeant calfs'so bold, but freshie stands ith doubt, Fhe setgeant fumes and roars at him, and they have a fadiing oud, ; “come freshman take your proper place, according fe pour heig hi, Asid stop that gawking round ithe grounds when I command, eves rig ke,” ‘Edidn’t know what ‘fai? tn’ means,” the freshinan then replied. | ' Why don’t you use a clearer term, with meaning not so wide.” | Book here,’ the raging sergeant cries, now must cease, '¥our jabber You're here to learn the art of wary Ili keach ¥OU. |. piece by piece, When I command you must ohey and act as if you're ~ : mute For if you don’t Fu settle you by reporting you to ‘faent!" Now im the jines the freshman stands, he finds the driif is rank. For though he's clothed he geis Ads dress, by looking to his ffawk, Fiona front to year, from /éff fo EY) he marches till -he's' sore, Dutek step, bdck sled, short stefi, side step, and miss steps by the score. With exercise, . and wheel and warch, his carcass: aches all over, Like Hood, ne thinks, “The Geld af Mars i is not a etd af clover.” Bit later on this little man, whose cognonten. was . Brown . been a clown, game, | Now Brown went. déwh fo Lansing tewn for there: ne, had a spark. dark alarms.” 8 For baing handy with his legs and with is apm. ihe. “tion” “oF Burns’ ‘poems reveals something 1h of his, souk inspiring song: Although ne gentleman was he, asar-gedfhe became: |) Genius of .my country foned meas the | “prophetic bard, Eizah, ‘did Elisha——at the | plough, and threw. her j inspiring mantle | Fhe. spark beeame a flame; and. he couldi't keep: it, “over ome His love was of a martial ta ‘and oe ‘to. a twa | the JOys;. the firal-scenes and pleasures a ‘But when it came te testing hing with URS, "twas: ‘het “Oh fie,’ said she, “to sere at me so rank a puss: 7t struck with several leading characteristics. : 7 : intense ‘sympathy with all’ her creatures. | Said: toad bye to the ‘awkward squat, " where he ba 7 | So when he told undying lave, she straight Was. Ep in arms,’’ vo She was 80 gushing after that and Javish with em- braces: That Brown was willing. Base night to be put, through his paces, - ; suggestion. , : as He said, ‘f dan't know bow to tare, bat f en pee se the question”” Tg strange AEE, You can’t contre! your wit when you come within 1 ny _ range” , Po | Then he perceived, "twas now too late, that he. had been a fool. He iost his temper and goat hot, instead of keeping -cool,. While she to plague him worse and worse was playfil | asa kitten - . And said she'd take his martial gloves and tet. him, : yt have ‘'the miiten,”’ See — But after all it turned out well, the engagement wasn’ rE: They settled down: ia: itl ad 266; paid Pigtin a words spoken, — “bs > ee He And soon they met at the altar: rail te. (ae the vows” so solemn. ; The papers gave a long account. “It eetipied a. column, eee Some Aspects of Robert. Burns. _ °s, HERBERT , HOWE, ga .7 ou ‘In studying the life of pe Weare: of his. genius, prominent among them”. being: his boundless: love of nature and -- ~The: following from: ‘the after-dedica~ “The po etic . ; | She. bade me sing the loves, of my: native tongue: J taned =) wild, a plo -, 4 i wo THE SPECULUM. mu ‘ artless notes as she inspired.” So weare “are not surprised that there is something about his poems that smells of green fields .-and mountains, nor that sterling worth * pervades all his writings. Scottish life is not seen by him in anv romantic flusion; the portraits he draws are of natural Ae real life, and natural meén and women, and the world he depicts is the world in which he was a plough- “bey, an exciseman, a poet. /- . Burns takes great delight in nature, 7 especially in her more gloomy aspects; “he loves the solitude of the forest, and the - ¢ush and-roar of the tempest is sweetest Jaelody in his ears. Yet, he never des- ibes: nature simply for the sake of des- ription: - “Ardent as was his. love for natural. things, these things were made secondary to the great central human interest; aod the paramount doctrine he ‘aches is man’s-inherent dignity, regard- ee of-station: :Heé deals with the actual “Gicénmstances: “of: his life, however com-. : moriplace: or trivial they may seem. SO oa natare sympathetic and kind, Butns’ poems are intensely human. He even. bestows. sympathy on “Auld Nickie- vas wellas. See ee and his. daisy fowiooaien: “whether man of anitbal ‘or plant,’ “Goes” “out: an ‘pity: tO" the” “Wee, aS eit COW: ria?! Spear, catth-bora companion an: fellow- : ‘And. pow characteristic: it is of oot hee “pablo: ‘Humane -nature that. in. the © eWinter’ N aught, » hirosélf.. overburdened “with ‘misery; he thinks ‘with’ deé pest pity of the sheep and cattle: and the“ Hk: hap- - ping bird, ” unhoused in the wintery:t ‘blast st i tern me on the: ourie cattle, an a. Be . Or silly sheep, wha bide this brartle: eas o _ 0 winter ware: nt oe no Herieati a Scar. ne Lapping bird, wee, shelpless thin gtr re “Bhat, in-the mery ‘months o’ Spring,” a an 2 Delighted os me to hear thre: sin, B : we sas -Whate wilt thou cow'r thy chitterin £ win’ | Bugs An? close. thy @ ‘e? nels ace a ae this that filled: his life w ath - bitterness and “ttn ‘yous © beastie.” “ his Of this poem Carlyle says, “This 1s worth several homilies on Mercy; for it | is the voice of Mercy herself.” As a conversationalist Burns was bril- hant, and he might justly be proud of his pre-eminence in this respect. [t has been said that his best work was what he said intaik. That we have so little record of this best work, we have only his reporters to blame. | Probably the most striking incident in Bruns’ life was his visit to Edinburgh. Ever since boyhood, Burns, a son of toil, had battled with poor soil and bad seasons, but-on this account he was by no means unhappy; on the contrary, his youthful days appear to have been uni- formly gay and free from care. His edu-_ cation and pleasures were those of a Scotch countryman. Now he: suddenly came among the wisest and lovliest of Edinburgh. There he was given such a reception by the lettered nobility as would have turned the head of a man less great. “But in the midst of all the: honors and blandishments that were showered upon him, he bore himself with a cool and quiet dignity and lack of self-consciousneas, and affectation that is as surprising as it 4s admirable, and shows again the greatness of his nied: And when the time came he returned to the privacy of country life with equal dignity. We deplore certain elements in the character and in the poems of Burns. Throughout his entire life and in nearly ail his writings there may be traced /a false note which makes discord of the otherwise harmonious whole. Strive as we may to conceal it or cover it up with apologies and excuses, it will make itself known; for he has told us himself all the good and bad that is in his nature, and awe-are obliged ta acknowledge his defects cwhile we laud his virtues. THe -had-a Wrong idea ‘of. life. Believing pleasure : to-bé the chief ead. attainable, he pursued. I it -with: ceaseless. desire and vigor, and “like” ‘every other man who. ever pursued. “Shis: ‘phantom-—failed, not: only” in eae “pleasure;but. in. success in lite, Te “was. a | THE SPECU UM. 0 7 4g a — remorse, and made shipwreck of | his manhood. And it seems ‘strange that one of Burns’ peculiarly keen insight into human nature should continually blame tate, for what?—the fruits of bis Owl) folly. | Yet, while his life was discordant, what wonderful’ music even in his discords, music that touches the hearts of people in ail the walks and conditions of life. Especially to the wretched this music comes with solace and comfort such as no. other poet has ever offered. His songs are the most genuine. music of the . heart: since Shakespeare. In them lies - .Buras’ strength, and to a great extent bis influence as an author. He runs the whole scale of human experience and touches every mood of the human heart. Think of the infinite variety of his sub- jects ;he sings with tenderness, vehemence, sorrow and joy; and his tenderness is the most tender, his joy the most joyous, his mirth the merriest, and bis vehemence the most furious. From the firey seuti- ments of that greatest of war odes, “Scots wha hae wi’ Wallace bied”, a song to be remembered as iong as Scotland has patriots, to the simple and healthful tone of Fohn Anderson, my Jo”, the -kind- ness: of “Auld Lang Syne”, and the in- expressible sadness for “Mary in Heaven”, what scope, what depth of feeling! Where in the language can we find a poem so expréssive of the true spirit of democracy and manly independence as “A man’s a man for a’ that’? As asong writer Burns has no equal, and it is difficult to find anyone worthy even of being called second to him. ‘Phomas Aird, himself a poet, has told us in a few words of the worth of Burns in this respect: He says, “those cold Seot- tish. melodies, sweet and strong though they, were, . strong and sweet, were, all the more. for their strength and sweetness, ‘a moral: plague from the indecent words to which many.of them had long been Set. being 2 drawbac cl has been. trained: dny'a® darkened « cage.” - How was: the: plague, to be: stay ed? All the preachers. in, the: dand coukt: not: divorce. the grossness": tram the music. 7 F The. ‘only way was fo: put: something: ‘bet~: ter in its stead: this inestimable something oo better Burns. gave us.” ~ What higher”. tribute could be:paid.to aty poet, espec= ially if we believe-in. Fletcher's aphorism, © “Let me make the songs of a people, and - you may make its laws’? - | Asa poet Burns was successful: as a man he was a pathetic failure. And, while we admire his genius, it is an ad- mirafion accompanied with pity for his weaknesses. We-seek in vain for some- one or something on ‘which to lay the blame for this failure: the dlame lies almost wholly within himself. Truefhe _ was born poor, and remained poor all’his <3 life; but others like him have ‘been | poor. = without suffering.: such serious CONSE quences. He was -obliged ta toil with = his hands ail his.days, but: that is. bot: ABE: hardest lot conceivable. His father; Boot : and wise man that he was, had, naw poverty in its most distressing conditions, yet he struggled manfully to overcome i; °° and died prevailing. Many poets before” | and since Burns’ time have striven against: poverty and worse eyils and have con:. S quered. |: Instead: of, poverty: and suffering " = to Tis work’ as: itis a question: if ie was not a positive: ade: vantage in that it gavechim a keener sympathy with the unfortunate,:a ‘dee pers, appreciation. of the. whes of mankindya ne a clearer recognition. of the:tie of. bretkes ee hdod. As hé- himself-expressés it “the .. canary-bird sings’ sweeter the? ‘longer it Of the worse elemrents:in Burns’ ‘char ee acter enough has been said,—perh aps: 00 much, for. we are lable ‘to spend. more: time in criticising: his faults thant ine study: * coe ing his virtuese ‘Consider hit in-the ia of the time in whict:heé, Lived, vand. in. ‘his’. relation to-human progress. a, Deep down in our hearts we. love the - Ayrshire poet; fotein inn: Wwe find sympa». = thy im: every: experience. i ite life. Unlike . Milton,. his is: not’ thé broad and: placid | river; but the turbulent mountain stream, hurrying onward.in winding paths, over. ‘rocks and: précipices, through. dark cav- ‘érns- and gloomy, woods, dancing again in el tbe: sualights. ever f sparkling, murmuring, THE SPECULUM. Singing, ever refreshing the heart of the jéary traveler who stoops to drink its gol and healthful waters. a -'Then gently scan your brother man, 2 Stil i gentler sister woman ; Tho’ they may gang a keonin wrang, ; To step aside is human -: | Al Ome pote wast sitll be greaily dare, 2 "The moving why they do it; And just as lamely can ye mark, . iow far perhaps they rie tt.” Economic Entomology. 2 DWIGHT SANDERSON, HESPERIAN SOCIETY. Helle there! Get many fish?’ ‘This A question that land 1 presume almost aseetcoléctors-—have heard so many y ue peee Out on. a- collecting trip awith ery. nae farming dees net : pay, mand. ‘re ine “dhosé'same. yeatss the farmers have Ba: a. large. part.or all.of ‘their. FOps de- sed: by: insects«- “Obvieusly: AWE, nay 3 Gautbe so-called’ hard” Nes. are. in Many iustances directly. traceable, an a ereater or, less: dépree; to. the Jack .. of know ledge ¢ onthe part. of the. farmer. con- cerning. the ‘structure. and habits: ‘of. his them. ‘How quickly . avid: spany:* men shoot. a.crow or hawk; while. At. can’ ‘bee. Sacily shown that was can. sompare., iy. aS oe with oe most, common. Ee a ee ee eT ee ee re rer ab natural enemies, their relative’ destnictive- 7 bess, and the best means! of desiroying 1 | date. ef many. | gypsy moth in Massachusetts, which ac> “| “T854:the loss was- from 25% ol the infected: Te gions. at of the whole. rep cE the state, of in round. | figures:g% of the United States, or 266 application is of sufficient value in subdu- ing them to warrant its cost. To those who are acquainted with the work that has already been done, such a question seems almost preposterous; but there are many, who, though they may have studied the science, are not fully impressed with its economic value, while a greater number know nothing of either. Some account, therefore, ci the losses sustained, the work done to avert such, and that which it is expedient to prese- cute, may not seem uncalled for. The losses occasioned by insect plagues form an imporiant item io the earliest records of the race and from that time to this they have never ceased to be a no- torious nuisance. Yet like many of the sciences, which We are BOW con recognize as among. the most important, entomology is comparatively new and still in its formative period, while econesm- ic work in this Hine is of quite recent Thus if is impossible to cite any but the most recent investigations and - statistics. In 1864, Dr. Sbirmer estimated the loss on the corn and grain crops of Missouri. - by the chinch bug was $73,000,000, aad in 1857 among nine states infested, Air. Howard put the loss at S60, 000,000, le 1891 the loss of one farmer.inp Kansas on 100 acres of alfalia by grasshoppers was as much as $2,000, and che was only one The damage. done by the casioned appropriations of about $350,000 by that state for its extermination, need not be repeated. One: of the most serious pests of recent date is that of the cottenball weed! “in in: Texas. This importation from Mexico chas‘spread .over onersixth of the coften ‘-pfoduciog portion of the state and if its ravages be mot.quickly checked, the dam- | age will be inestimable. During the year to go% ip This meant roi | of the-world’s product, witha fare. yolks 7 ation, of over, tie G00 Sich figures ae THE SPECULUM. | 4g. . seem almost incredible, but can he readily calculated froth the report of Mr. Town- send, a field agent appointed by the Divis- ion of Entomology, of the Department of Agriculture, to vestigate the matter. With such facts in mind it is not to be wondered that Prot. Jas. Fletcher, doemin- ion entomologist of Canada, im 1591 esti- mated that out of an agricultural product of $3,800,000,000, the United States an- nually lost $380,000,000 by insect pests. Such a loss seems almost beyond belief, but is in itself a ceucnisive proof that whatever the cost of study and experi- ment may be that it cannot but more than pay for itself. Here is a stm sufficient to carry on the administration of all branches of the national government. By no. means all, nor possibly the greater part of this could be saved by the great- est care. But if anly one hfth of this could be prevented, there would be a saving sufficient to pay for the education of every college student in the land. That much can te done towards such_ a saving has been repeatedly demonstrat- ed. The gypsy moth has been almost exterminated in Massachusetts, and the advice given and work done by entomol- ogists in abating the ravages of grass- hoppers io North Dakota and Minnesota in 1891, saved the farmers of those states $400,000, Through the work of the en- tomologist at. the Virginia experiment station, the potato growers around Nor- folk now do for S40 or $30 what they formerly paid $500 or $600 for. Another instance is recorded in Indiana, where by a simple rotation of crops, a pest was starved out that the year before oc¢ca- sioned a loss of $10,000 on the corn then STOWwn. Osborn, that the small leaf hoppers de- stroy enough grass on a two acre plot to feed one head of stock a vear, and. he found that by use of a hopper-dozer he could obtain a crop 34% better on one of two similar plots, the other of which was not treated. re Besides the above mentioned methods, the one which is now most in use is that of spraying. Though to spray’ potatoes. it has been estimated by Prof. | ae art | with Paris green for the potato. beetle, and fruit trees for the coddling moth, is- now a matter-of-course affair on most: farms, yet many can remember the day — when the operation*was looked upon-with . suspicion. Much time and study have been spent in the concoction of effective insectides and the invention of suitable spraying apparatus, and the result: has been an object lesson to ail. | But to apply these effectively, the structure and habit of the foe must be known. For instance, the. kind of insect- ide used depends entirely upon whether. the insect has biting or suckmg mouth. parts or a soft and easily irritated skin; if. the former, a poison must be used to.en- ter the mouth, while the latter may be | , easily killed by an irritant such as kero-. sene emulsion. _ | - Another method of extermination which ig now attracting much attention from-en- tomologists is that of encouraging such. animals as are parasitic on a pest. One, of the greatest triumphs of entomology- has been the introduction of species of . Australian Ladybirds into California and the riddance by them of the San Jose. or Pernicious Scale. This scale was preb- ably imported from Japan, and was quickly transported throughout. the west. and. finally to the east...“ It-has been the ‘sub... ject. of rigorous laws, imposing heavy fines for the selling of produce: infected, in most of the Pacific coast states.and will. probably be. made so in the east. Many. — other valuable natural allies have.’ thus. been made use of, and by a proper study and encouragement of such parasites a - great deal can be accomplished, _ It has been mentioned that the San Jose scale was. imported from Japan to Cahi- fornia and thence east. ‘This opens to us the discussion of the spread, and its pre- vention, of such dangerous foreigners. Out-of 140 scales in this country 40 have been imported, and these are the more dangerous because their parasites have not accompanied them. Such being the case, a quarantine at the principal ports — will readily be seen to be of great value. Such has been established on preduce THE SPECULUM. hr nnn “arriving in California, but not, however, vom there, and will probably be soon . Naugurated by legislation in the east. - dkn inspection of inter-state commerce: is “impracticable, but rigorous legislation _ upon the caré and prevention of these _pests is a matter of a not far distant future. *"Fhat the annual loss may be munch jes- ‘sened Seems to be clear; as ever in all ceprogress ana reform the method is edu- cation and legislation. By our agricui- tural colleges, farrner’s institutes and “accomplished, and by the agriculturists *angisting upon their being represented by sptogressive and public spirited men, the fatter will’s soon come. a = Smith. ANE Hie vipper- Classmen and faculty res~ idents of the « college Wéte very much surprised: and pained: to. hear of thé sudden death of Emil: Smith, 93, ° Emil Smith “of whortk we all expected so much. : Bin always | seemed impossible that the ; Emits Sadith Was: shabete weuee the Detroit schools: “bychis father at? any early age to | the tradé. ‘of, machinésts ‘Soon. after = eft: school He Went 16" President: ‘Gor- Te H (hen superintendent af Deiréit schosls feb Sie oo Oe ‘behéve. that to succeed. ane | > aust have an’ éducation.] have no money but. I believe” that® By “hard: work <1 can get. oné??”: cieant what he saids: _ Senater McMillian,. Hinr a study table. . on He lived, ently without sleep. “home reading circles, the former can be | LE. His Hie. ‘shows? that. “he. Upon + ‘recommen, “dation of President’ Gbites: he “went “to 7 ‘stated’ “his: “ease, “received a draft for: “$100 and | camie® to SS a Do Doane ed Sener ee DD ee Liaup Pe tek fai = nd edt Bare | of his parents in Grand Rapids, ee sheave ered ervey studied and’ worked! hurd and made an excellent rééord appar) reputation fer 3 integrity and ability among” In two and ‘oné«-} his: ‘fellow : students; And: these: sterling halt years. he had completed the four |. : year’s course, receiving his diploma with | business: ie were: proeaeing.* for. him’ a ‘trict, “gtaduated from the Grand Rapids: school in: r88y, entering the. agricultural : “course hete. The same ‘year. MM; A.C. AMI his earthly’ soods: ‘came to.. ¥ “thé college in a’ box, that bo¥ waster He obtained. ene ployinent as night fireman of. the. boiler} the class of °93. He stil had $75 of the original $ico. Again he went to Sena- tor McMillan. Next to Corneli Univer- sity, where be took the bardest engineer ing course and graduated in one year, ‘Ot, although the anthorities had toki bina it could not be done in less thae two years. After graduation he did some engineer- ing work for the New York Gentral Railroad, and from there went ie Pitie- burg to work for the Westinghonse Eiec- tric Co., having obtained bis position through Nikola Tesla. His aime and hopes were the brightest. AH who keew him at ML A. C. feel that they-have iast a friend of exceptional physical, mental and moral attaiamests and the wirhi has lost a brilant young man who would have made bhimsell useful to all mankind. P. B. OW. Orlando Augustine Turner. oe oy = The alummi will iearn with surprise and sorrow of the death of Orlando A. Tur- ner of the class ef ‘90 at Leipsic, ©., where he had been in the employ of Caurchil & Co., grain and seed commis. sioners. Details are meagre, Dut it ap- pears thai an attack of typhoid fever end. ed in his death the last week of Septem ber. ‘Lhe funeral was held at the home Mr. Turner was born Nov. 8. 1668, and up-to the time of entering college had spent the most of his Hfe in asd about the city of Grand Rapids. He prepared. himself for college in the dis- ward and high schools, and was. High Paitthiulnese “and perseverance enabled him to corapleté “the workin three years, and he pradirate Birk ‘August, ‘T8g0-. aEe many: “offices ar {.tfust-and: honor: with wwhich | he aves) Re. . .. tested are! ae “Sifident: dndication: ‘of his qualitiés ““s¢: “necessary: for: @ eicoess THE SPECULUM. rapid advance in the business world. Mr. ‘Turner chose always to bé simple, unobtrusive and quiet; for this reason few _ knéw him intimately, though his ‘uniform good humor and uprightness could not fail to sectre the respect of ail. He was a steadfast friend, a lovable companion; de was generous, truthful, noble. What a privilege, indeed, to know him and to feel his influence. | W. B. JR. SCLENTIFIC. a A Plan to Utilize Electricity. At a meeting of the Natural History. ‘Society September 27, ‘Prof. Woodworth talked on the latest plan of utilizing elec- tricity, or the supplementing of electrical power for methods commonly employed among agriculturists in the destruction of weeds. The knowledge of the destructiveness ‘of iughtning to plant life, said the profes- | ' sor, has suggested to electric road .com- | panies the idea a suppressing the gr owt : electricity, thus doinig away with much of | the. expense and labor necessitated by the present means employed. As a result of _the idea, a rod to which 1s fastened sus- _pended wires at short intervals has. been. devised. This attached to the rear of the _ ear, bringing the ends of the wires in close proximity with the weeds, an elec- trical current passed through a trans- _former, thence through the rod and wires, and the weeds are killed to the roots as the current passes through them. By means of the transformer the voltage may easily be raised to a pressure suffic- _lent to send an electric spark a. distance. of: three or four inches. . > ‘Chis. practical application, for. ean it - proved, has suggested to the. professor: | the idea of destroying: weeds. on. the. fagty, . ee ens _organisins | in the water.» ~in a somewhat. similar way. A man with 4, wheel-barrow., equipped “with a, couple ‘of cells; a. transformer: arnd.: _ an attachment.-of -suspended: wires, could j.- “quickly, and ‘easily annibilate a patch’ of.) is loaded upon a wagon and conveyed of the latter suggestion tested upon the.” -who are.most afflicted. with: ‘the. Contagious negligent. af their “water: supply... Thai re is due. lo specific orgabisms.found ia: the: “water -Capnot be: “always: proven, ish absolute: proof ‘that, they, ‘do rot éxist: the ere ‘Of that. ‘the | ‘Use of the: water. is. “sate. “Neither. is: it _proot:; that: the: ‘organisms the public health .j is: “good, will not at ‘some Canada thistles or ~oth er obnoxious we ats me one desired to Carry out the work. pon a larger scale, heavier apparatus. enghe: wherever desired. Prof. . “Woodworth will endéavor to have the practicabitit ; weeds and grass encroaching upon” the drives of the campus. FER The Chlorine | Content. of Water* oo Se Thesis, BY THORN eure” ee That contaminated. water is a (means: conveying disease of. the most loathsome and malignant form, is; in: the Jlightcot moder i. science. a fact Dot: ‘to: be: dispted beyond “doubt that the specific. micro organisms of our. Common diseases; find: contaminated water a culture’ ground, The minuteness of the organism prevents the acceptance of the statement by: th uneducated and it is toa great extent they diseases. ‘TF he: educated: too, are: aa fully”: the ‘prevalence of a disease inva locality. ree ve existing, in. the, water ofa: ‘Jocality wher time invade the economy ‘and’ ‘produce: the most direful results, . Examination oF? | the well water froui’a chemical standpoint. in localitiés in which diseases of-a ertain » : nature. occur: willy generally: reveal. the: fact thatthe water is contaminated. - contamination is meant a- suspicious amount 1 of | OrgFAnic matter due generally to- an. . “By. aniniél | source. “A’- further . examinatiin ’: wil often reveal the presence of micro: In proof. of this. ~ Statement a few instances will not be. oMts OF: place. Typhoid fever is a. disease, which, Ste bas been: ‘proven beyond doubt, drinking. ~ THE SPECULUM. a rs ee “water will convey to a whole neighbor- hood. The report of the Michigan Béard of health for the year 1879 gives aseVeral instances in which the outbreaks “were dir ectly traceable to the drinking water HSist0h ‘The well was situated near - eee 7 * lor time ‘prevented contamination by _jeaching. A number were sick at vari- sintelligent physician an analysis of the “water was made. The free ammonia and “also the albuminoid ammonia existed in _ exceedingly large amounts. ‘The amount Oke chlorine showed undoubted evidence si anitial contamination. GE 1885 another instance is given in whith ‘chiorine. “and: ammonia were present in Taree: amounts.” In the water were found ‘bacteria to the mumber of. 140 per drop. porede ‘et. cases, which | were. pe bes ‘St gantzatione : = Getitvof the cases reported were classified. as having been caused by the use of-im- ure water, . Other diseases, such as ‘séatlet. fever, diphtheria, and small pex, o be” canveved: by ‘méans oF drinking “Waters. No “stabdatd of purity. can be Z -fornulated: which wi Ul adapt: itself to every A peer but the penal 2 ‘option: stems to Heat dete coe er a » Chinen 0 over. 16 6 pats pet, 1,000,000. . = Mbaminolde=not i over te ‘pints: pera, j000,000.. ~Free— not over: 10, pats per a 000. These three elemetite ant. eXCORS: ‘of “ihe above - figures will condemn. any. water aad further examination: OE. the surr ‘ound- | source: : of | ings. will generally reveal: the. “ssgontamination., ene Now: the question arises; 1 is aay: ‘mination? » “Seither free. or albunsinoid,- present. -Ous times and finaily by the advice of an « In the report’ Tae ery caltcen per although hot proven, are: generally thought: the owners, } the oughout the tests. cash wag used as an. iwitieatbr! _ action being.sharply. defined. “Fifty cubic noe ese centimetérs of: water were? titéated: —in : sone: of. each” estisiaticti and: the résults calculated he: életments: alone: an indicationr. OF. cone), "to. parts, per T0600; O08. eT , eee “Tt is: obvious: ‘that: ammonia, 4: ‘ig’ direct” eo. dence, that organic matter is, or Has’ Beenyt) iP -But. is -chlorine/: an‘ “organic. shee: a ‘gataple: containing “BH: excessive | “substance, cer) ‘evidence of containination: oe amount of chfornie, was: ‘conipared Awith Chlorides are characteristic ingredients of both human aod animal excretions and as such are found mainly in the urine.. It is obvious then, that a considerable amount of chlorine i is found on analysis is an indication, other things being equal, that the water has been contaminated by animal excrement. Nearness to the sea, mineral springs, or salt deposits of any kind are of course exceptions. chlerine in itself is not harmful but serves as the danger signal for other and dan-. gerous elements. While the ammonia m either form can be found in many waters and are just as dangerous tt is seldom that when chlorine is detected, we do not find _ the ammonia in proportionately large amounts. : TL have undertaken 1 this investigation to determine: © 0 0 _ First: «What réliance can be. placed upon an excessive amount of chlorine: in water as regards contamination.”* | Second. «What beatings do. the. ‘sure roundings of the water supply have on chiorine content?” : oo - Third. “Is a standard requiring less - than ten parts of chlorine iss ee, 000.2 correct oner’? wo oo Fourth. “The general : source “and. con- dition’ of the farmers’ water supply.” The water was collécted in clean glass ‘bottles of 250 cubic: centimeters capacity and. careful notes taken on the well. str- roundings. The distance from barn, out- ‘housé, or any other source of contamina- | tion, also any information volunteered: by _A standard solution -of sil- ver nitrate, one cubic centimeter of which _ equalled: .car0646 grains of chlorine, was. made up and the ‘same standard -wséd - Chromate of : pot- ‘the end Fe- «Jo alh, oinety-ane: analyses were: siatle, | the resuilts OF which | are here: tabulated. : ‘The — “tthe house and.in-a. bad condition. | THE SPEC ULUM: the hetés ‘then it “wad: invariably: found that the sprrouncings of the supply were. questionable. Chlorine, Paits per 1, 000,000, Mo, - AMT. REMARKS, (4.00 1 a. Barn 50 feet from the well. 2 52 30.. - Out-house Mfeet fromthe well. Sen notes. 9. 1046. ‘Wery close ta the barn, ) 4. £2 55, An old barn site is twenty feet fromthe well. 5B. IR $6. HH) feet from the barn and 46 feet from ot CO . house, “22 14087. AnopenweH. See notes, - dd, 627. Very close to the house; cut house 4) feet, . 45 1987. Close to hauge; out house very near. 66007, «© House 20 feet distant: 50 feet from barn. UBT. .§ 27. Bart 60-feet distant; 40 feet front out-house, 28. 418. Some dstance from any buildings. ) go. . TF 75, ©. Trace... College artesian well. “Oh: 418 Spring near Cedar river, _ Number two is the first water that ‘arouses suspicion, and further inquiry -feveals that the out-house is but a short distance from the well. The wellis here _very close.to the house and coptamina- tion is evident. : Number 32. This sample peated sus- picion awhen collected, and it was no sur- prise to find such an amount. of chlorings: well o on the east and west road about four’ ‘miles frota the college. The condition ‘ofthe farm shows an utter lack of care, and if disease has not here made - appearance it is because the residents. “possess iinminity. The well is about ten. “feét from the road and water is drawn with a pole, The land slopes from the _ south, and on the side which the dwelling cand. farm buildings stand, towards the “well; “The owner.in drawing the water tips. the bucket towards the north side of “the well because as he says, “The water -comes from that way and is much colder than. ‘after it-has stood awhile in the open - Swelk’ The-house is an old log. baiiding aiid: inmtmhediately. back.of.it, and atea‘dis«- .. stance ‘of forty féet from the wellis:alarge: . sivare: bile. _ The.barn is fully.as-old.as. a “Ets as. | thirty feet from’ the. weil and ‘Surrounded by Wwariure. ‘The’ out-howsé is: forty” feet || bn, og “8 distant ‘and may. “coutribute 4ts. quota. The: oteke lay: and: whether: the Water’ 18 Cony “which the greater part. ‘of these! ‘sainples again, wh evever t : ile: ‘chiorir ries Coe ntepteis ee | | :highy, the: aninionia:. ‘conteat. ASSIS EXCESS. | indication, but: HOt: ‘absolutely: so,. of .comi- | such that: suspicion. is aroused. 7 “jnstanées: however, the surrouncings. are “exceedingly 1 bad; while there: Gs -but little — ope raritarie by: Surface or < wider deainag 1s wtikiown” That the water, is aie for 3 use 18 ‘evidenced by “the: ‘surouinidings, « let aléné the analysis.: ‘ ee ERE Nuniber 45. ‘Close. io the house: © aud the out-house.is Very fear. 0 MEER OS Numbers 87, 88, 85, were waters 5 analyzed in this laboratory in T894,cto _ detertnine if their contamination had apy bearing on several diptheria cases, which -. had occured in: Lansing. during the-year, There was nothing found in. the. mete: .. chemical analysis however tor aLouse: Ss-. picien. ‘s : The. generai lay: of. the! “cout da were collectedas level: with: iit: om null. The: soil is raostly ‘clay, “but aa soft localities there is. considerable: eae : The first question, «What: reHancé-can. be placed upon an excessive: ‘amount of chlorine 1n a water as regards contamiinas >") tion?” is answered io a. great. extent: by: the above. Wherever an excess of cblor~ : ine is found, with but few exceptions the, Sue of. the. well. indicates con : of what ehe’ standard: ‘permits: “ands he... ‘ammonia is a positive. indication “Ob a poor es water. Alfew assays pivea large amount f of.ammonia with-butditthe éhlorines: | | are inthe minority. hawéver. ‘Dhee waahat ng of chlorine: this found iia water is an’ tamination. "Fhe “sécond. question, «What ee do the surroundings, of © a water supply have on the chlorine con. a? tent?” In ninety. per cent. of thé? cases” in which the chlor’ me contént is.found to. be high, the” “Sur rounding” ‘Ganditions. are Ap. many amos att As a rule, — aera are. may: y Bay that unhealthy Sure . roundings:, wilt geuerally reveal a | excess of chlorine 3 in the well water. large ‘The third guestion. “Is'a standard fe- “quiring less‘than ten ‘parts-of chlorine in i 7000, 000 a ‘correct one! 7? "This 18 some- 52 THE SPECULUM. what dificult te answer but number 71 _ with 6.37 parts per z,000,000 would seem to support the claim. Several of the tabu- _ Jated samples give as high as 20 parts, “yet the surroundings are very good. ama there is no apparent contamination. The Chicago board of health has fhxed - the line at 15 parts per 1,000,000 and this seems more reasonable. No absolute -\ standard can be. fixed for any state or “community: 15 parts per 1,000,000 how- _vever, seems much more reasonable, than “ten parts in the light of the above tables. The fourth question. “The general source and condition of the farmer’s water: Supply: pe | . ‘Ebis:is.a question in which many are not wellicformed. The general opinion ‘isitiat.a-well in one place is as good as ae another, and ina great many places it svin-the.-barn. yard or very close to it. Of-the. ninety-one samples collected-.but two.were taken from.open. wells. About vot the baracyards’ About fifteen per cent. “sare near the house where house - slops _: Rid ready access to the water. But asmal! venumber are placed where. the surreund- NPS.are, above: suspicion. Vhe idea that io wiler niaycbe contaminated by the leaching. property: rok thesoik does -not “geen to enter inte. the discussion when, a a vlocation:: jecunder-. Consideration. The = location: aiid: conditiet: thenze® farm wells §Hot by anyaneans: whatat:shéuld: be: Me exceeding ‘dryness of. the -year: . err pave’ tended:-to lower a. portion of | soothe. results,” ‘god theres) room for extended ° haw into’ ‘the: question. ot farm. “water $ The apeve thesis was ; whitien:- by a. pradnate ‘Or : The agricultural stidents’ ofthat . “class were the first required tej write. theses! dbds-the - | sy: claks of ’gs. cP ete - ‘nbove was selected for ublicatiet: a8-one: of interest |— 3 “to SPECULUM readers not: only. ‘Because “of its Betng | |: to: “INNoEUGUE: desuetude;” the only spark cote of the first theses ever written byia:-class. gtadu-*: oi ating: from the agricultural course ‘but. alse: because: it “id on a sublect of almast universal concerns “For laék” | ofispace: the results of the:anaiysis of only-sixteen:.of - the. mibety-one. sant ples taken are given, the.Arst: and=.| “Rast five as numbered, five: frém about the “center oF .|*. . the fet): ded-nomber 12 which cohtained more chldrine® ||. a . Of the ‘remaining: ‘Reventyer| 2 fave’ samples; eight contain abdve'so parts of chlorine” | : aft s PECULUM sper 1,000,000, sixteen between: 20 aud. 59;: fifteen: be-. ‘fe: one: is now repre ented | Of the Si "than any other sample. 7 ‘tween Te rand. 20 and thirty- “seven helow..1 Tc, THE SPE forty) percent: BN €: located ‘within fifty feet: library. : campus? P ste ihe: © acultye has, Deer “recently organ- PUBLISHED MONTHLY POURING THE COLLEGE YEAR, BY THE STUDENTS Or THE MICHIGAN STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, Tees, 73 Cents A Yenu; Sancis Numszus, 1h Crs. ADVERTISING KATES MABE ENGWN OM APPLICATION, fee Subscribers will be notified when their subscription has expired, anid are requested to renew éefore ide neat issue, ; BOARD CF CornTRo.t. 7 C. AL JeWwent, eee Oponpic Society, _ ASSOCIATE EDITORS | BR, LL, Ciurs, C}, Fi. REED, Eclectic Society. Delta Van Delta fraternity. Ware. Mose, Za, Beiney, . | Hesperian Society ons ae HERMAN, PRI Belta Theta Fraternity, (inion Literary Socety.. S. H. Funtorx, Columbiana Literary apecicty. TD. T, Ranpanr, oo + = = IH, A. HAGanona, - . SEC, £ H. GuTTERFIELD, = Business’ Man aprer. “Asst. Business Manager. : Treasurer. AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, O67. 15; 1895. Do you owe for the SPEc.?’- Wuat is the matter with foot bail? ~ SEE the college exchanges in ‘the “Waar is the matter with the. student’s : | govern m ent: SB oe Dont” “forget. ‘the oratorical ‘cottest which: occurs it the ‘Ceatr al M. E. Church at Lansing Oct. 25. ~ Wuo is the individual with a voice Tike : that of the notorious ‘bull of Bashan ‘that divides time, with a neighbor $ cur if cis- turbing thie’ Sunday evening: quiet of ‘the AT. present: eur athletics seem. Aliens of hope jeft, seems: to proceed . fromthe eee physical: araining: whichy thatks. ua society" on the’ ‘grounds except board. awe believes an, ‘invitation’ “s should nil : THE SPECULUM. 1 be extended to them at.an early date to take part'in the issue of the college paper. The SpecuLum is essentially a society organ and if for no other reason matters. should be so arranged that the responsi- bility can be assumed directly by the sacieties in the event of any failure of the students’ affairs. nians are not tax paying students but there is: no reason’ for their not being such. “habdling of the affairs in which they are ejaterested. do not have the ability to conduct a department for they have numbered and do carry on their rolls. at present fully their quota of the able and influential stu- dents of the college. We hope that they may soon have a voice in management of this: organ. ~- ar Tue State board at its September nieeting spoke again on the subject,.ef- It said: “It is easy to see. student labor. that persons under peculiar conditions may be allowed to take studies without physical labor as an accompaniment; the cases of children of the faculty, employes of the institution, members of the faculty - taking special studies preparatory to sec- end degrees, post graduates of our own college, men from. ‘the teaching force of other agricultural colleges securing some special equipment for their work, are - -instances that occur to us. It ts the object of the board. to deal fairly with all.”” The meaning of this is as obscure as could be imagined. weak. . Granting: where the student-should: not. be: required |” té perform ~ physical’ fabér, what reason. is there for heading. ‘such. with “children - PThere’ iatust be much ; of the: ‘faculty?’ pe organization to maintain its It may be urged that the Fero- | between the ae handies, harvested, Lhe He We believe they would . gladly “agstime this part of the “burden - for the . sake of having a more direct voice'in the | . requir e hich Lo, bend’ over. 7 ihe beach: ‘abd: forge-when he has. served an apprentice ship at the: work: and: needs “t | ihate lt‘can not be urged. that they. his more scholarly. Cai lassniate. atthe black board and: ever . that ever gained a foothold inthis country. About twenty- -two years ago some Russians immigrants, who settled : in southeast Dakota, brought over and sowed itt their settlement some barley containing the weed. “For maty years it made slow progress, but recently it has spread with frightful rapidity, has overran con- siderable nortions of seyeral western States, and in . many places has almost stopped farming operations. AE was frst detected in Michigan at Charlevoix is Septeriber, 94. We should took epon the encreach- _ tent of the thistle as a dafigerous plague or pest that ass threatening the invasion of our whole territory. It “has.noew just entered the State, but let it be crushed at‘once. “Phe work of Mr. MeCalinm in the labratery is par- ticijlariy interesting. He makes the following report: “Among the several fungi that I have lately been “WOTEINE ¢ on those of ibe tomato and apple diseases afecs{'special iniportance. The black rot of the female was develuped fu muirient solwtion, and the fet SaoOf ‘grawth and spere formation observed Hi Wetied tomiatbes were infected with the ae fi (Hose CXses When the skin was broken and spores placed onthe Heshy part, the diséase was invariably prodiided;- tat when they were only Placed on the eb detints, | though they frequently germinated, they wodld “rdt fieree through and consequently did ne Haren: Pes ‘spotes were found: te ‘Teadily germinate W. C. Latta, professor of agriculture at Perdue Uni- versity, Ind., has been given full control of the agri- cultural department in that institution, "BE. Prof, Charles W. McCurdy of the university of idaho, received the degree of Ph. D., Doctor of Phit- osophy, at the last commencement of the university of Wooster, O., upon the completion of its post grad- uate course in chemistry. Also the American ABgO-. ciation for the Advancement of Science at its Spring: field meeting last month elected him toa fellowship i in that distinguished bedy of scientists. is professor of chemistry in the Idaho university. Orel L. Hiershiser was at the State fair with a dis- : play of bees and hopey. After leaving the college . Mr. Hershiser studied law with Daniel McMillan, a well known Buffalo lawyer, until admitted to ihe bar. — He has kept up his apiary and has gained such a rep- utation that he was chosen to take charge of the apiary — display from N ew York State at the World’s Fair. 86. | J. E. Hammond was elected president of. The Knights | and Ladies of Security, a new snsurance ” order, at the last meeting in Lansing. 87. ° a man not. growing: Timportance: “fs eal sate wre bor a ys oa D . “ae . a . . 7 * | of Lansing, . They wid | resides in ‘Lansing. < Lemuel: Charchilt is with. a Mholesale drug house in- - St Pauly Mion,” Oregon ; actept ony congratulations pibfessor. Jas. H. Heard is at Wotonegen: “Mice: i: “the Mr. MeCurdy — {Edwin Redman; ely. surveyor for Grand 1 Rapit, ie) : father at Luther, Mich. mh ry Mr, Lyon- has. been here for 2 few days. nM ‘superintendent ofa condensed milk factory at North : ac L. Blower ig. seiretiry’ ithe: ‘guperintendetit ee | vile ‘Mich, men S. coast: arid geodetic’ survey: et Washington, Dc: 7 _ oof, PD. Baker was inarcied: Oct, é to Miss Edith. Cooley” , 7 W.. O Bannon is going to open: ia aie obfice bi Ferré Coupee, Ind, Ray S. Baker is editorial writer on sé a j : Chicago Record. . ; ba 9. of the Little Fanny ming at Mogollon, ‘New. "Mesico, oe ninety miles, by stage, northwest of Silver. City. HE ig one of the best gold and silver mine in New Mexico: es Soh oie Wm. Petrie is a farmer at Conneaut Lake Penipsy!- a vania. , ee John W. Tean is studying sedicine. in | Detroit and oo not at ‘the U. of M.” as stated: i iy ‘the last: issues. cee, Through the kindness of Hon. Con Wwe UGarbeld: Wes learn of the death af- Orlando A. “Tansee at: Lelpsic: Ohio. His career here was, very ‘commen naan ee a A. C. Redding, Thee of “cheiniatey. ‘and. physics at Findlay Callegé, has. teceived, the. ‘dppointarent AGF principal assayist for a leading’. maining: , Conipany it} resort?’ business will all of the madera and popular 2 Boats, ebiediy achoonets,. ete. aes ? gi. . Clayton T, Cook is a “senior law’? at the! =U. of Me He has. been science. teacher; i: othe: Flint: schol pave year. eran imp FOY¥ETH ents. B, W: Peel is’s ‘science ¢ teacher in ‘tne: Grand Rapids high achool. nears a ceenren Fae Pare Gh Ez, ‘Ewing. is: crtenininig. A. ‘tating at Rose, ‘ent county. He is said. to. be the same. e-old- fellow, Bigs. bushy: andes} enthusiastic. _ oe — ret ge a GW. Trine has received. ‘tha appolaumeds to whe 3 position of instructor in botany. at the Oregon Agricul: ee tural College at: Corvallis. Dee . John. Hinkson: graduated’ as AE. D. from the Unive sity of Michigan: last summer, and is ROW _Bracticing —- medicine al Lexington, Mich. —_ ; R. B. picket. is president of the Jackson county. * Teachers’. sseoclation. a 4, O. Danham was one. of. the: paiticipants in the I 8 capture of Smalley, the train robber. at McBain | oe ee . WITH 93. Harsy “Haak is in the’ lumber business with his ‘He is WF: Hopkitis, who has been morking in a : bank at ‘Petoskey, has returned to his home in Lansing. a Geo. . Simmons is in a 1 draughting: office in ‘Fort 7 . Wayne, ae ae os, a SPECULUM. re oneal * "od. -_ dD McArthur writes that he is settled down iu bis new home in Greenwood, South Dakota, and is-happy. L. B. Plummer is principal af schools at Burnips Corners, Mich, J. W. Perrigo is speriding his spare time at draught- ing for the Detroit Mater Company, He is teacher of ie mechanical drawing inthe Detroit Business University. _ . Reuben Campbell, principal of the Saranae schools, oo: has given up teaching for a time on account of meu- _ “Falgia of the face, aL OR. V. Jobnston is with C. A. Strelinger & Company, ‘hardware dealers in Detroit, Mich. WITH ‘a4. ve oe WEG, Merritt j isin Pennsylvania inspecting chem : ao plants. | ee *O5. cs _E. ‘Ward Is running a farm at Ada, Mich, We om -Bagley ts principal of schools at Garth, Mich., verisel, ‘and FE. P, ‘Normington at Connorsburg. on, R: Smith is teaching chemistry and physics in. Sy Tilford Collegiate Academy | in 1 Vinton, lowa. ook oie: thiere HOW: Fe! lig ther ‘the Bail # Me ee Oe an oes Ge HE OF Face’j is if a: store with his Father at Saranac. H, R, Allen visited friends at the college recently, Ww. J. Goodeneugh is working in Detroit for the Detroit, Sain nae = ae Saree "HSE. ae es Ouineley i is: gtittig “rich: pede 4 as agent for ard 7 oi ‘and varnish. heusé i #. Gtand Rapids. = 2B, 8. Rose't is s teaching at Old Mission, Mich. roe 2 Galiap W was. s eloetet billie af ‘the Ingham rt Ey feactiors association at their: Tast election. Wirs ‘96, Mr, Thane: whe has, been. on: the sick bed for. two years is now improving... wos | es R. Tork visited M. A. C ‘Fecently.. Guy. Van Alstyne. is a “hustling. reporter. for, ‘the | BNening ‘Press of Grand Rapids,, 7 George Fisher is employed. in, ‘his ‘uncle’s store in. Grand Rapids - where he. handles... eat Blass, ae ot crockery, etc, W.R. ©. Smith the Broker’? visited ‘the. 12 college 6 en 2 7 His silk tite anc walk} ing. * x He is‘on | ‘the . 8 adv ertising stait ou the Electric fadustries. i “Ebicago = the: evening of Sept. ry: ‘Slick indicated a prosperous: condition.” Paper. “in.the spring and go through with *93.° - | | Rumor has it that Frank Fairweather! is imarried, SE ye Heck: at . Grandville, L. H. Van Wormer at | 38 ft, qin; Chas Seed is running a job printing estabhsnment of his own at Cass City, Mich. WHT 'g7. Jay Rhodes, “Dusty has entered Atbion Callers CG. A. Graves is very ill with typhoid fever, GC. Humphrey is working on the feral near Adtain. ‘Weary’? Walrer is training with the isotbail team ofthe Detroit high schoei. Ile wilireturn io M.A. Ef. in the spring. Wm. Russell is assisting bis uncle in a drug sbhera at Gaylord, Mich. He contemplates fitting up a iahb- oratory shertly for chemical work preparatory to isk- ing the State pharmacentical examimation. F. EF. Barr was matried Oct man of Penheld, Mich. Wait fos. O. BR, Cole has entered Albion Colege. He will make a-valuable addttieon to their alhletic team. 9,10 Miss Della Green. J. G, Howe visited his brother here recemiiy. He wilt resume his sindies here next spring. Geo. (iatk talks ofcoming back ta college in the spring, — E, B, Wallace will return to college in the. spring, LF — ie! ——. ARAL ELICS, Our last local field day was held September 2:. The weather was fine and the entries showed up fairly well, Much credit is due the managers, F. W. Her- bert and I. L. Simmons, for their efforts to make the day 4 sizceessiul ome. Two new men did very well and give great promise for future work. Ewing, 'g3, in the pole vault, and Krentel, 8, in the running broad jump. The evenis came off as foliows : The 100 yards dash, won by Rider, ’96, im rz sec., was exciting, Rider, ‘96, Krental, 'o8, and Partridwé, "96, were close together until the finish, when Yartridge fouled and Krental got second. The standing broad jump was wor easily by Part- ridge, ’oo, distance g f, 8 Fa. second Pond, 97, q ‘. Of in, The 220 yards dash was won by Rider, ’aé, time 34 SaC. : second Meyers, 96, 26 sec. The running broad jump was won by . Krental, 168, “second Ewing, "9%, 17 fk. 336 in. 3 third Pond, oz, 17 ft . The 440 yards run was won easily by Rider, ‘8 in | 83s sée. ; second Par iridge, ’96, 66 sec, | The mile bicycle was won by Thompson, tof - : time: 49 sec. } Second Jaques. - Phe hammer tht ow- was won by Becker, 98s .Aistanee | Bred Sechwaderer. has a working 0 on the fem’ ¢ gt oe - speed “Pond,? "OTs 52 1-6 in. - Cass City, Mich. He expects to. enter college again - ; 44 See.” ‘Inthis race Tracy. made.a.good spurt iy the * . The cs mile rit was won by Tracy, ‘gb, times _ = fnishs: Jeaving the others. “in the. “Mark's Marsh, cae ; . Senne ee ee JF OOO AD F Stray, ¢ f. ep a ete RO FT O OG Fe’ Harris, &: 8 r f. (pd pe hy et OE o 3.2 de. Total, 228 ig go: a 2 By 3h Wacousta, MM. A C., ithe events which - were forfeited does: not. speak. very t' due? Eo. the deoulty; £8: the. students; “or £0: th! Fook, ‘| day) will be. devoted. to physical culture; 1 strength. . Bamed runs, M. ALG 3, Wacousta Oo; woibs 3 ' fhits, M “AL ©, a, Wacpusta o: three-base hits, Me AS: eC. 2, Wacausta o; home runs Chase a: hit’ by. pitched. ball by Hall 2; base on balts by Reed iy Halla, 7 out by Reed 7, by Hail 2, Waldo 1. Sept. 28. The ’98 class team beat. the Lansing high schoal team by a scote of 6-4, 3 innings, The same day that famous team from Bath with “pitcher Hall? arrived on the grounds. Notwithstanding the fact that a team had to be picked from among the students, our boys satisfied their curiosity by a score of 1§-§ in 5 innings. Warren, ‘98, pitched — M. ut i‘ and did goad work. . bee oe con our toca! field day, ane_ drawback’ ‘which’ vidige couraged our athletic enthusiasts was" “the: tack. at attendante on the part of the studehts.~ “this: with well. If we want athletics, and past expériénice. ‘stiows us that we certainly do, we must have enthusiast that will "fire" our athlete aad ‘base bali teams.’ COREE tem fall of steam”. Your editor’ publishes: a clipping, from the Grand Rapids Evening Press. ; Ot. Fa “The foot bail cranks, students and. Faculty: “pela” ay : and taised ¢s5c00 by subscription | for their: ‘chosen. 2 eleven.” This is the kind of enthusiasm. we need, Le especially the money part. It is certainly disgtsiing to. note that seniors, juniors and Cae attidents: dont me : pe eet square Spit Ur eheditae. this: ail. and: atart bei - ‘term with an borest: hank book. We should te. men, Th athletes, ‘atid ‘be: above trifles. : Poa pe Boy Te WHoin: is. Fase ball enthusiasnt:: In the way “af sthietiea sic WaSoblent movement igs the term. We ate ts. have BBysical ealtare, a physical director, and ‘possibly. a. fay”, “Mr Lyon,’ who for: two years was physical directorat Olivet college,: has ¢ been engaged as physical director. here. .One-hour {4 p. m.-§ p.m.) of each colleze day fexcapt Thurs-" The'class . has met now for one week, about lec are taking the work. Mr. Lyon. js a conmpetett director and every: student will, “profit, by. his methods. in gaining health ‘This movement is wholly an experiment | It resis with us, as students, to prove _E this is’a'success after a fair trial, and ofitiodal: ihe: success of EH, Lowe have good reasens dor saying much more can be. . _ expected fom our, faculty. . “Stidents; we have practically gained a point. Let t ae ag. Tow: ‘show Our appreciation by a gefieral improye- ~ a0 ment “at along the'Hne’ of college work. The first _Aesportant step has been taken toward progress; thanks “o-our faculty:. Now is not the time for any individual Lh ak ae “atident to. shirk a. single duty, Witd pitches, Hall 53 passert hall, Burns 55 airhex AEE _ Umpire, Bracket. vos rousing mass meeting af Ann Arbor Saturday: Hight < ventured by our college: facuity, for thé last half of . 60 THE SPECULUM. mu COLLEGES ANDO EXCHANGES. . With the opening of the new year in college jife, we ; welcome to ont table many excellent college papers. “Phe September issue of The Purdue Exponent con- tains an interesting article favoring college organiza- tions, From our exchanges we learn that M. A. C. is not the only college complaining of the small mumber in tlig class af'’99. There are others,’ The Baker University Jrdea for September, devotes’ nearly the entire issue to the inaugural address of | President L, H. Murlin. The doty which a student owes his college paper is ‘not fully recognized, we fear, by all our students, A coHege peper is essentialiy for the students who are ‘within the college walls. 7 interested ln its existence? And might not our inter- 7 “est be expressed 1 in a better way than by reading the Be aviee for: which one of our friends has subscribed and paid: his money? This is robbery in a triple sense, AVS. are robbing the paper of its just dues, for we get “what it has to offer us without paying for it; we are Supebbing eur friend, for we are sharing with him the .- recompense of his money. and we ate robbing.our- Sgedves, of the satisfaction of knowing . that we are help- ing the. paper, bot injuing our friend, and enjoying i phe contents: that.are ‘yightfully ours. It should be the éuty 3 as: ell: as privilege of every student in Earlham ‘College to subscribe for hiscol'eze paper.— The Hast. Aanqile, i TRUE FRIENDS. Prue’ Triends are rare as diamonds i in the sand, : Of gold that hides: beneath’ thevsilent deep,. EE ‘Bar fier, the ptiser’s soul engrossing heap. “When sidtiess or dire iliness thins the hand, Or age advances like a fearful band. : : con robbers, whose sole law ify Were to: ‘afeep _ prekk blades’ in bleed of these wha: date to keep owt 3 a frienid’s a treasure to ‘command. " Cheriahiabess: ‘Wisely, for existence fails - 2. Alagel too% SOOn, ppd: death, divides true friends ; Sole But hérey oryonder ‘mid the shining stars, - Rove them ab. well, for friendship. still avails. To gain kind intercesstén,; till ascends © e A os unblemished to: ‘the: golden bars. —_ The Notre ‘Dame Schotastic ot aa By Ane epee eae ns Bd ve cannot. heip but adenit: that tise » dithicutty existing: | ae ae | 7 in ‘eur country to-day. is that tod few of 4% have: aby “han vaesaaron Pepa Pee 3) insight at all inte the important. questions concerning ee co fe | Then should we not all be. te who shave been horou students along eaters : a Our great institutions. We are not interestedinthem, because our educalion bas been narrow. Few are nerseveting and industrious enough to #ecome acquainted with them. And this is almost invariably the case.when we enter upon a special calling wilbout having previously taken a broad aud Hberal course of studies, Very few of us ever find time, after we are eugaved in our special work, to make ourselves familiar with other branches of learning.-— dhe Sdie- deni Kecorad. Kors, AP air here BABE Bcxoranrnice uss “ - SHARPSTEENS STUDIO... Se Fashtrgion cand Michigan Aves, > 5 1 © * * An excellent, well-assorted ‘stock of MEN'S WEAR fa a = ” “ . - - ” ¥ Bee a “canalways be found at the oe Le L - Py F 4 * = wie wa". PEN APROULUMA — $5.00 to $8. oo Saved! aememoo te BREW" FARES FOUR: Suits, Gr Ee & Overcoats, #1 B | deeds Jade fe Oriter and Ready Made. HE. He HAF | W. S. BAILEY, Abbot Hak, Sales Agt, Odlere Agent. 1 Mich, Ave, W, —— oor. , BH. LARNED, Crockery China. Special Bilention given to obtaining the best styles af Lamps. 345 Wasksegion Avenue Sonib, . LANSING, Micu. HEALER IN Mackintoshes. jr a ow Foot B alls om . H. LAR RABEE, Wwashingvon ae HATS, CAPS, . ani. .: GENTS FURNISHING |For FRE GOODS, | A Specially. . 0. dee Crear Seite, Confectionory, rt Stationary,” af _ Tobdeen, cigars, otis, ete. ” ze atest have 8 alt line of waa ~ Gans ani Sportsmen's Supplies THE SPEC OU La Be. Made expressly for students of the M.A. ©. fother people can wear ’em) who require a strong, serviceable shoe, and al same time a shoe possessing ali the style and fit of the highest priced: shoes. Vamps made from good plump caliskin, fons of goal- skin, solid oak seles. Razor toe, square tee anc cogumoen sense 103 Wasiingion five. S “ansing Ppboto Co., . 1D. Bigelow. .. We can make no sense ont of the above, | . | : Ean wwe make or furnish a good shee out : lor. Washingios Avenue and Alegan St. of Book: Stock, We are nei going to try either, " We Ene w. that Gur shoes are of the best mang- facture; Bad: you know that cur Styles are Up . . Te Date aicithat we excel when it comes to STRICTLY FitST-CL ASS prene, 4. Fitting. Double Sole; extension Sele and ° ch €8H Lining is correct JORXRALL and WHEN- Aba : ok TERS. Aa Raye tiem im Needle asd other ie _ styles of toes; in Enamel, Patent Leather, i Ar woo Wieb Kid, Cerdovan, Calf and Kangares. i 4 if : yal oa z Should be pleased ta have’ you: Bee’ ‘hens. 4 | \e v ? oa Lo : ~Sy . POREMOSE: i 3455 a? 5 ~~ FASHIONZ SLE eae, | ca _.. FOOTWEAR... | _ | Hollister | BANS ng. a -FURNISHER.” Bee — ~B8oak. THE SPECULUM... 3 Mi si n ess” Fino THAT rr Pays” TO Apvertise” LS - . — The Speculum. . _ a “All College Peopl e, Students and Faculty, patronize our advertisers, And Noone you. ‘purchase v would like you to 5 ees You will | Soon want my line, believing ik one of the best shown | ine this city. ‘The fleeced garments T show at: 756. a are certainly the equal of any you ever bought." Comfort, Protection. Eg 7 ae some a hs oe . ee on . = = Nothing will afford. you ‘more. protection’ and. comfort. | They are. warm, and: “waterproof.” AS great many Wear then: the: entire, winter ‘for an: overcoat. If you think of owning one this seas i son, | think I have the coat. that will please you. : = I Carry the celebrated Columbia Mackintosh; "every one well made) and: guaranteed. j ee 1M in. ee - Sica Wiig o a is aca Dw paul, Room. Mt,” : Sttidents’ Patronage | ae Respectfully Solicited. i i . = THE SPECULUM. Offer nearly every day special barguine in’ Watches, Jewelry and Novelties. — Tn these goods they are able toa give their customers the advantages of the latest.styles at wholesale prices. Erin the art of VLA TECHI LEPATRING We ae ne superiors, WWELLS &r LISCRG AT, —— HAS, A. | ELLA, piamonds Wants Clocks, Repairing of Fine Watches and dewelry a specialey, “HOLLISTER BLOCK. | a RUBBER Goons : :) SPECIAL RATES TO COLLEGE STUDENTS. Jewelry, Silverware aud Optical Goods on hand. 105 Washington Avenite North, Lansing, Nich. FINE SHOES we AND. as Make A. M. Emery’s Book Store your head-— - “quarters while you “wait for the wagon.” - A Large Stock of Miscellaneous Books, Albums, Paintings and Engravings. Prof Mach wan's S100 Liorary ‘ | dig Stock. Sonstantly oh, haiids of = College Text Books. anid . Stationery, ~ Geld Pens, . Wit ts. Fountain Pens, | immig r Markey JOHAN. HERRMANN Pa : "TAILOR, OMe po BE ES oe —_ ZI& WAGHINGTON AVE. iv aa anid. “10s. Washte: _ DB. Street Hast, Glasses. Cosofully and Accurately. «Pitted ‘OFFICE. OVER. - LARWED'S CROCKERY “STORE. = “LANSING, mIOH, = | » Wovks~g to12 Ae Mg , and 2:99 te 5 . Me THE SPECULUM, Capital fof Washtenaw Sireet West. Ladies’ and Gents’ Garments m3 . -Cleatied-and Dyed in the . Best Stylfe. o French Dye Cleaning 4 Specialty. Adi orders promptly attended to. _A, G. BISHOP, Prop, P Each person eats on the average? ooFer LOGO meals per year. Toa pre perly flavor these wonld requir gay JF eents worth of EMamaond a Crystal Bald. Chis isa trilie seat . @r ontlay than if the other ioind » Were used, but 5 cents world FOre than corer the difference , 2d Day for the’ MuxUy we navn ey inciead of the other kinda. Bat is Ee ea important thing about itis the frer ° Ailavor your food will Haye and the ed grenter proLection your health WHE Pa Peceive when you usé the sait Masia : ali said, Ask your Groce? for; TIMAMOMD CRYSTAL, If he bas. J not gotit, write tous. H you make | butter, investigate our Dairy mait, fthere’s money init, Address Diamond Crystal Sait Co., ¥ ST. CLAIR, ee City ye Works Kid Gloves Cleaned and Dyed. Ostrich Feathers Dyed. GILLETT & KIRBY Enjoy 3 large M. A. (. trade in the om— Jewelry line. They jgoutd ike tao yout _ WA TOR. REPAIRING. “and will ohioesfilly show t thet. ioe = STUDENT Sef - —_ “cheap. Spring and Summer. oe Tailor HATS, TIES, CAPS, SUSPENDERS, SOLETS, SOCKS, H. KOSITCHEK & ne The reliable © loners. Froyvisions. x mits ani vepets bles i in thet “Seas Will find we: ea eks e for Len her's, G rucible, Gr ra ad sates; Me Mortars ” Also a General Line of ‘Chemical Glageware. “Whe! Son as a lot of G1.A8S STOPPERED ae that’ We: oe a" THE SPECULU > Ow. IS THIS? SUITES MADE TO omen |; NEW STORE Shaw's ror Sid. OO; ee DOPSAIN & & Came in and examine our goods and get prices. They S OPE, wil astonish you, me Re DR a ll ny ry eed CHEAPEST STORE, in the C1. ee wir Pricps on ~ WOODBU RY & S AV AG E STATIONERY, Piswes leaxee GBLUE FROST 208 Wash. Avenue 5.. Lansing, Mich. Sere Door Sourx Huesorw Houss. If soa Baby * Crean Separator wl earn } jia cost s fap Fou every year. Wir continue an interior gFsiem, shother year at so srests loss? Deirying is now the oniy profitable featureof Agriculture. Properiy con- 8 éheted. it slways pays well,and musi pay you. Your need a Separator, and oe nec the BENT,—the . "Sd “Beby." Ad] atric: and ini eet hi Prices, rn upward. Bend foe new i804 Catalogue. . THE BE LAVAL SEPARATOR €0., GENERAL OFFICES: : 74 CORTLAN DT STREET, NEW YORK. ishes Punch Bowls, Glassware, etc. furnished for banquets, ete. AG. Raurre R. S Ad kinds of... | ‘s ‘alt Meats Clab Boarding Pornishings Fine ‘ehicaso: Beer: A ‘Sreciacty. ; | Z Fi FE: THE COLLEGE ¢ OF AG “Poly j a cn, a 7 OF earcnaa ? Annual Session begins in Seplember and comtinues 0, seven months. #F ipa mo . Meee ¢ oe Institute, : tory, Clinical aid ‘Dispensary "pdvactages ee ally good, : OS Ror annual annonncement and other information "Kael bnsninathons ported for, Seid fora Catalan 7 address Corresponding Secretary, | , DR, BAYARD HOLMES, a : | #8 WAS HIME TOR i SHIGAPO. “Doni E forces. oe a By ae *, te ie ches 7 Sage _ to send your Ww ASH and most capes L:AUNDR oy es - #A ot and Cold Lencties: | a Wash teaves Tuesday, F a. at., ad refines Thursday EM. Ted Cream always on hand. . Hotei Downey Block: 7 7 _ ue Rexar F Wicutans, Moos, “| Agents, wan soon be. in line for: A .