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NOVEMBER/DECEMBER  1986

A PATCH 

of

GREEN

HAPPY  HOLIDAYS 

Annual Christmas P arty-

OFFICIAL  PUBLICATION  OF  THE  MICHIGAN  &  BORDER 
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PRESIDENT’S

MESSAGE

Kevin Dushane

G.C.S.  Bloomfield Hills Country Club

round  table  discussion  involving  the  members  in 
attendance.  The  topics  ranged  from  dormant  fertili­
zation to wage scales of golf course staff.  For those of 
you who did not attend, I feel you missed out on some 
valuable  information.  Some  of  the  subjects  were 
minor,  some  were  controversial  but  the  principle 
result evolving from the meeting was the interest and 
concern  generated  about  overall  golf  course  main­
tenance.
We have not  had  a  meeting  of this  nature  in  many 
years  and  the  feedback  I  received  from  those  mem­
bers who attended was very positive.  I  think  person­
ally  meetings  such  as  these can  be  productive.
The  response  from  other  members  after  the  meeting 
concluded was that this type of educational topic can 
be beneficial and should be continued.  I would like to 
see  two  or  three  of  these  meetings  every  year.

The end of the year is fast approaching and  another 
golf  season  is  behind  us.  The  months  of  September 
and  October  were  extremely  wet  and  Im   sure  the 
heavy rains put many of you behind schedule in your 
fall  golf  course  construction  projects.  The  Grand 
Rapids,  Flint and Saginaw  areas were  hardest  hit  by 
the  record  rainfall  and  I  hope  all  of  the  golf  course 
superintendents  in  those  areas  can  battle  back  from 
the  apparent  destruction  caused  by  the  flooding.
I’m sure everyone will remember the Fall of 1986 for 
many years to come.  There has been  much discussion 
among all of us  as  to  what  the  long  term  effects  will 
be to the turf because of the  flooded  conditions.  The 
concensus if that the turf is going into the winter in  a 
weakened  condition  and  many  ideas  were  tossed 
about as how to best prepare the turf  for  the  winter. 
Hopefully, the winter will not be severe and everyone 
will go into the spring of 1987  under good conditions.
At the MBCGCSA meeting  at  St.  Clair  Shores  Golf 
Everyone have a great holiday season!
Club  the  educational  topic  for  the  evening  was  a
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 * 4 4 4 4 * 4 4 4 4 4 * 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 *

If  you  have  any  suggestions  please  contact  me  or 
Roger  Gill,  the  1987  Education  Chairman.  We  will 
be  emphasizing  this  format  at  more  of  our  meetings 
next  year  as  I  sincerely  believe  this  type  of  educa­
tional  meeting  can  make  us  all  better  golf  course 
superintendents.

I  would  like  to  hear  from  members  who  have  any 
comment  concerning  this  type  of  educational  pro­
gram  at  our  monthly  meetings.  Would  you  like  to 
have more of these round table  discussions?  Are  they 
beneficial  to  you  and  the  membership?  Can  the 
format  be  improved?  How?

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DOIM,  FRANK,  MARTY 

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REFINING  GOLF  COURSE  MAINTENANCE  PRACTICES -

HAVE  WE  GONE  TOO  FAR?

Larry W.  Gilhuly

“When  against  one’s  will,  one  is  highly  pressured 
into  making  a  hurried  decision,  the  best  answer  is 
always  no,  because  no  is  more  easily  changed  to  yes 
than  yes  is  to  no.”

Charles E.  Nielson

Have  you  ever  been  in  this  situation?  Does  the 
request  to  have  the  greens  9’  to  9’6”  on  a  continual 
basis  sound  familiar?  If  so,  welcome  to  golf  course 
maintenance  in  the  1980’s.  With  the  advent  of  TV, 
golf played every week on  nearly perfect golf courses 
peaked  for  the  one  week  of  the  event.  Regular 
membership  players  have  become  more  demanding 
concerning maintenance practices that are sometimes 
questionable  and,  many  times,  detrimental  to  good 
growing  conditions.
Have we gone too far in our golf course maintenance 
practices?  Actually,  there  are  two  answers  to  this 
question.  Yes,  we  have  gone  too  far  in  some  areas 
such  as  the  great  desire  for  “fast”  greens  on  a 
year-round basis.  In other areas we have not gone far 
enough,  such  as  Poa  Annua  control  or  Poa  Annua 
breeding  and  methods  to  reduce  maintenance  costs 
through  breeding  efforts.
GREENS
Undoubtedly,  the main are of concern  and emphasis 
in  the  maintenance  operations  must  be  on  greens. 
The  ultimate  goal  is  to  provide  the  best  putting 
surfaces possible given the soil,  turf type,  manpower, 
irrigation system, etc.  But, what does the word “best” 
mean?  To  some  it  may  mean  greens  as  fast  as 
possible.  To  others  the  speed  may  be  secondary  to 
consistency and smoothness.  Still others are complete­
ly  satisfied  with  slower  greens  that  are  smooth  and 
covered  with  grass.  It  is  this  area  of  putting  green 
speed where the  pressure  has  been,  and  continues  to 
be,  applied.
How many of us have had the comment,  “Make the 
greens as fast as possible”?  This request is many times 
made  irregardless  of  the  negative  effects  that  occur 
for actual growing of the grass plant.  In some cases,  it 
can be done due to the mild climate and lack of play. 
For  example,  Cypress  Point  Golf  Club  in  the  Mon­
terey  Peninsula  area  has  a  mild  climate  with  only 
13,000  rounds of golf  a  year.  Under  these  conditions 
they have gone from a speed of 7’4” to 8’2” in  1976 to 
an  average  of 9’6”  to  10’  in  1986.  The  only  problem 
with  this  information  is  that  very  few,  if  any,  clubs 
have this small  amount of play;  yet,  those  who  have 
played  Cypress  Point  come  back  to  their  home  club 
and want the same results.  This is simply not realistic

and  should  not  be  the  goal  of  the  superintendent  or 
club.

SPEED  AND  THE  USGA  STIMPMETER

It 

In  1976,  a  new  tool  called  the  USGA  Speedstick 
(Stimpmeter)  was  used  to  determine  a  standard  by 
which putting green speeds could be judged.  In  1976, 
the  average  speed  of  putting  greens  was  6’6”  across 
the  nation.  The  slowest  greens  were  found  to  be 
approximately 4’11”,  while  the  fastest  were  approxi­
mately  8’6”  in  the  western  United  States. 
is 
interesting to go back and  review  some  of the  speeds 
at  various  clubs  in  the  western  United  States.  For 
example,  in  1976  the  average  speed  at  Seattle  Golf 
Club  was  7’6”,  Broadmoor  Golf  Club  was  6’11’  to 
7’6”, Eugene Country Club was in the 7’ t 7’1”  range, 
while Waverly Golf  Club  was  6’  to  7’,  Pebble  Beach 
7’6”,  Los  Angeles  Country  Club  6’9”  to  7’4”  and 
Cypress  Point  Golf  Club  7’4”  to  8’2”!  By  today’s 
standards, many of these greens would be unaccepta­
ble.  Personally  I  feel  a  speed  of  7’6”  to  8’6”  will 
provide plenty of speed for regular  membership  play 
and  if  more  speed  is  desired,  simple  double  mowing 
should  be  adequate.

When  one  looks  at  these  readings  and  compares 
them  to  greens  found  today  in  the  west,  it  is  easy  to 
point  the  finger  of  blame  at  the  Stimpmeter  itself. 
This is true  to  some  extent;  however,  the  blame  can 
be  equally  shared  by  overzealous  club  members, 
green committee members, professionals and superin­
tendents  alike that  have  gotten  into  speed  wars  with 
neighboring  clubs  to  have  the  “fastest  greens  in 
town”.  As a result,  we have  seen  an  increase  in  moss 
invasion,  disease  and  weeds  on  putting  surfaces  that 
are being  mowed  lower  and  lower  with  less  and  less 
nitrogen.  It is time that golf courses begin to return to 
more  reasonable  speeds  and  healthier  turf.

METHODS  TO  INCREASE  SPEED  WITHOUT 
LOWERING  MOWING  HEIGHT
There  are  basic  programs  that  have  been  discussed 
for several years in  regard to increased  putting  green 
speed  without  lowering  mowing  heights.  The  stand­
ard method many superintendents have used recently
CONTINUED  PAGE  21

LATE FALL  FERTILIZATION

by Dr. Norm Hummel 

Cornell University

Late  fall  fertilization  is  not  a  new  management 
practice by any means,  but it has received increasing 
attention in recent years.  As turfgrass managers have 
become  more  aware  of  management  practices  that 
promote  deeper  rooting,  late  fall  fertilization  has 
become  more  popular. 
Besides  promoting  root 
growth,  late  fall  fertilization  has  been  reported  to 
improve spring build-up,  without the flush of growth 
associated with spring fertilization.  Leafspot damage 
has also  been  reported  to  be  less  severe  in  the  spring 
following  a  late  fall  application  of  nitrogen.
PHYSIOLOGY OF THE GRASS PLANT

A  very  basic  knowledge  of  plant  physiology  is 
needed to understand how and why late fall fertiliza­
tion  works.  Here  is  a  quick  and  dirty  lesson.

Plants  have  a  magnificent  capability  to  produce 
their  own  food.  Through  a  process  called  photosyn­
thesis,  they absorb the light energy from  the  sun  and 
transform  it  into  chemical  energy  called  a  carbohy­
drate.  The sun is the ultimate source of all the energy 
we use today,  excepting  nuclear  and  thermo  energy.

Photosynthesis  is  the  process  that  has  converted  that 
light  energy  into  a  usable  form.

The  plant  must  now  break  down  these  carbohy­
drates  to  release  the  stored  energy  that  fuels  its 
normal  metabolic  processes  and  growth.  Through  a 
process  called  respiration,  plants  and  animals  are 
able  to  break  down  the  carbohydrate  into  a  usable 
form  of  energy.

All  chemical  reactions  are  temperature-dependent. 
Photosynthesis  and  respiration  are  no  exceptions. 
Some chemical reations however,  are  more  tempera­
ture-dependent than others.  For example,  the rate of 
respiration  will  vary  more  with  the  change 
in 
temperature  than  will  the  rate  of  photosynthesis.

In  the  late  fall  when  the  air  temperatures  are 
consistently below  50  degrees,  respiration  in  the  leaf 
tissue  is  negligible  and  growth  ceases.  The  green 
tissue however,  is still carrying on photosynthesis and 
producing  carbohydrates.  Since  the  leaf has  stopped 
growing,  it has little  use  for  carbohydrates  and  most 
of  them  are  translocated  down  to  the  roots  where
CONTIN UED  PAGE  19

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GCSAA CERTIFICATION

UPDATE

by  Dennis  Lyon,  CGCS 

Director/Chairman  Certification  Committee

Certification:  1985 was a very exciting  year  for  the 
Certification  program.  There  were  144  Superinten­
dents  certified  in  1985  compared  to  66  in  1984.  The 
total number of Certified Superintendents  went  over 
700  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  the  program. 
Also,  in  1985  the  attestor  program  was  initiated.
The attestor  program,  for  those  unfamiliar  with  it, 
involves a  visitation  to  the  applicant’s  golf course  by 
two Certified Superintendents.  During this  visitation 
a  series  of  questions  are  asked  on  the  applicant’s 
course,  number  of  employees,  budget,  maintenance 
practices,  capital  projects,  etc.  The  applicant  also 
provies  a  written  paper  on  how  he/she  has  pro­
fessionally solved  three  problems  on  the  golf  course. 
After the interview the  attestors tour  the  course  with 
the  Superintendent  and  attest  to  the  applicant’s 
competence  to  become  Certified.

Although  it  is  a  big  step,  the  program  has  for  the 
most  part  been  well  accepted  by  both  the  attestors 
and  the  attestees.
A change recently made in the attestor program was 
to the original requirement that attesting be complet­
ed  prior  to  the  applicant  taking  the  exam.  The 
Certification  Committee  approved  a  procedure  al­
lowing the applicant to take the exam either before or 
after  attesting.
One area of the attesting program which has created 
some confusion is the requirement that attesting must 
be  accomplished  during  the  growing  season.  There 
are  no  exceptions  to  the  requirement.  The  growing 
season  is  defined  as  the  time  when  turf  is  actively 
growing.  It  is  the  responsibility  of  the  attestors  to 
determine  if  it  is  the  growing  season.

Another  change  adopted  by  the  Certification 
Committee  in  1985  is  that  when  the  closed  book 
exams  start  in  1988,  the  “Rules  of  Golf”  section  will 
remain  open  book.
With regard to the Certification exam,  the exam and 
resource  material  are  currently  being  updated.  The 
new  exam  is  scheduled  to  be  implemented  in  the 
latter  part  of  1986.
The proposed internship program  is  an  aspect of the 
Cerification  program  about  which  the  Committee 
has been reviewing and obtaining membership  input. 
As  the  internship  program  now  stands,  it  will  be 
voluntary  rather  than  a  requirement  for  Certifica­

tion.  The  internship  program  is  currently  in  the 
development  stages  and  entails  a  12-month  struc­
tured program  under  a  CGCS.  Although  the  intern­
ship  program  is  voluntary,  successful  completion  of 
the  program  will  help  fulfill  the  experience  require­
ment  for  Certification.  The  committe  has  nolt  yet 
determined how much credit towards  the  experience 
requirement  the 
is 
planned  that  the  internship  program  will  be  imple­
mented  in  1987.  Membership  comments  on  this 
proposal  are  encouraged.

internship  will  represent. 

The  “educational”  requirement  for  Cerification  is 
another aspect of the program that will be implemen­
ted in 1989.  The long range plan calls for completion 
of 30 semester hours of college credit or completion of 
half  of  GCSAA’s  Division  I  curriculum  before  a 
member  is  eligible  for  Cerification.  The  Division  I 
curriculum was finalized  in  1985.  The  list  of courses 
in  Division  I  will  be  published  this  year  (1986).

It 

With  regard  to  the  educational  requirements  for 
Certification  and  recertification,  an  area  which 
generates  numerous 
inquiries  is  the  question  of 
obtaining  CEU’s  for  local  and  regional  conferences.

This  procedure  is  as  follows:
1.  Each  chapter  should  designate  a  member  to  be 
responsible for applying the CEU credits for local
and  regional  conferences.  (Conferences  must 
involve  a  minimum  of  5  contact  hours.)

2.  This  member should obtain the  CEU  application 

form  from  the  GCSAA  education  office.

3.  The  appointed  member  should  send  the  CEU 
application  form  and  a  copy  of  the  conference 
educational  program  to  the  GCSAA  Education 
Department a minimum of three weeks before the 
conference.  (Note:  CEU  credits  must  be  applied 
for  before  the  conference.)

4.  The  educational  department  will  evaluate  the 
conference  and  determine  how  many  CEU’s  the 
program  will  receive.

5.  This  evaluation  and  the  sign-up  sheets  for  the
CONTIN UED  PAGE  18

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Family Picnic a

Huge Success

“If you  missed this one,  don’t miss next Year’s,” said 
Ken  DeBusscher.
Over  120  attended the annual picnic held at Stoney 
Creek Metro Park on Tuesday,  August  19,  1986.  Jim 
Smith  and  Fred  Powell  were  our  hosts.  There  were 
games  and  fun  for  all  -  Sailboats,  Rowboats,  Paddle 
boats,  Canoes,  Bicycles  and  swimming  -  and  the 
weather  was  great  and  the  food  outstanding.

The  only  golf  was  a  driving  contest  using  marsh­

mallows.

And  the  Runner

Bubble  Gum  Champ  .  .  .

The  end  of  the  Water  Balloon  contest.

The  Line-Up  for  the  Sack  Race.

Ken  DeBusscher  giving  final  instructions  to  the  contestants.

TRENT  JONES  TO  RECEIVE 
OLD  TOM  MORRIS  AWARD

Famed golf course architect Robert Trent Jones  has 
been  selected  to  receive  the  Old  Tom  Morris  Award 
from the Golf Course  Superintendents  Association  of 
America  (GSCAA).  Jones  is  the  fifth  recipient  of the 
award.

The  award,  one  of  golfs  most  prestigious,  will  be 
presented to Jones February 2,  1987,  at  the  Banquet 
closing  GCSAA’s  58th  Annual  International  Golf 
Course Conference and Show,  which begins January 
26,  in  Phoenix.

The  announcement was  made June  13  at  a  special 
80th birthday party for Jones in the USGA hospitality 
tent  during the  1986  U.S.  Open  at  Shinnecock  Hills 
G.C.,  New  York.
Jones joins Arnold Palmer,  Bob  Hope,  Gerald  Ford 
and  Patty  Berg  as  Recipients  of  the  coveted  honor.

Jones became a scratch  golfer  while  a  teenager  and 
set  a  course  record  at  the  age  of  16  while  playing  in 
the  Rochester  City  Golf  Championship.  He  was  low 
amateur  in  the  1927  Canadian  Open.

More  than  any  other  post-World-Warll  golf 
architect,  Jones  reversed  the  trend  toward  playing 
equipment becoming the determining factor in how  a 
course  should  be  played.  Jones’  philosophy  was  that 
the course itself shoul  determine  play  and  that  every 
hole should  be  a  diffcult  par  but  an  easy  bogey.  By 
the  mid-1950’s,  Jones  had  become  the  most  widely 
known and probably most influential course architect 
in  history.
Jones was the first recipient of the ASGCA’s Donald 
Ross  Award  for  outstanding  contributions  to  golf 
course architecture.  He became an  advisory  member 
of the National Institute of Social Science,  a  member 
of the American Academy of Achievement of its  1972 
Golden Plate Award,  and a member of the Royal  and 
Ancient Golf Club of St.  Andrews.  In  1981  Jones was 
given the William  D.  Richardson  Award  by  the  golf 
writers  in  recognition  of  consistent  and  outstanding 
contributions.

One  of  golfs  first  greats,  Old  Tom  Morris  was  a 
greenkeeper,  golf professional,  club  and  ball  maker, 
golf  course  architect  and  accomplished  player  who 
won four British Open Championships between  1861 
and  1867.  At  the  Royal  and  Ancient,  St.  Andrews, 
Scotland,  Old Tom gained worldwide fame,  boosting 
the popularity of golf throughout the British  Isles and 
in  many  other  parts  of  the  world.
An international golf audience including representa­
tives of  every  major  golf  association  will  be  on  hand 
for  the  1987  banquet  ceremonies.  The  banquet 
attendance  is  expected  to  reach  2,000.

For  further  information,  contact  Billy  J.  Shelton, 

Media  Relations  Manager,  GCSAA.

1986  FUND-RAISING  PROJECTS

One  again  the  Michigan  and  Border  Cities  Golf 
Course Superintendents can be proud  of their  efforts 
in  raising  funds  for  worthy  projects.

Over  $12,000  was  raised  for  Turf grass  Research. 
$4,000 was donated to the Special Olympics,  and the 
portion  of  the  money  raised  as  a  result  of  “The 
Invitational”  was  several  thousand  dollars.  Thanks 
again  to  the  Fuller  family.
These  are  efforts  to  be  proud  of thanks  to  all  those 

that  participated.

G.A.M.  CLUBS 

SUPPORT  TURF  RESEARCH

The  Golf Association  of Michigan  encourages  their 
members  to  donate  $1.00  per  golfing  member  each 
year for turf research at the Robert W.  Hancock Turf 
Research  Center.

In  1986  G.A.M.  clubs  will  contribute  almost 
$14,000  for  turf  research  at  Michigan  State  Univer­
sity.  Mr.  Robert  Hall,  Vice  Green  Chairman  for 
G.A.M.  stated,  “The  importance  of  turf  research 
must  be  emphasized,  because  it  directly  benefits  all 
golfers  in  Michigan.  Playing  conditions  have  im­
proved  on  our  golf courses  because  of the  important 
research which has been done  at  MSU.  We  certainly 
appreciate  the  fine  research  facility,  R.W.  Hancock 
Turf Research  Center,  and  are  actively  participating 
in  its  support.”

Participating Clubs Since 1982

Ann Arbor G & OC
Arbor Hills CC
Atlas Valley CC
Barton Hills CC
Bay City CC
Belvedere GC
Birchwood Farms G & CC
Birmingham CC
Black Biver CC
Dearborn CC
CC of Detroit
Detroit GC
Edgewood CC
Essex G & CC
Farmington Hills CC
Flint GC
Forest Lake CC
Franklin Hills CC
Gowanie GC
Great Oaks CC
Grosse lie G & CC
Gull Lake CC
Hillsdale G & CC
CC of J ackson
Knollwood CC

Lakelands G & CC
CC of Lansing
Lochmoor
Meadowbrook CC
Midland CC
Monroe G & CC
Oakland Hills CC
Orchard Lake CC
Pine Lake CC
Plum Hollow GC
Port Huron GC
Radrick Farms GC
Red Run GC
Saginaw CC
Spring Lake CC
Spring Meadows CC
Stonycroft Hills
Tam O’Shanter CC
Twin Beach CC
Verona Hills GC
Wabeek CC
Walnut Hills CC
Washtenaw CC
Western G & CC
West Shore G & CC

Great Lakes M inerals Company

2855 CooHdge,  Suite  112  Troy,  Michigan  48084 

(313)  649-3700

1986  MBCGCSA  Annual  Golf  Tournament

ST.  CLAIR  SHORES  G.C.  -   SEPTEMBER  22,  1986

Tom  Mason,  Overall  Winner,  Low  Net,  0—15  Hdcp. 

Jerry  Prieskorn,  Low  Gross,  0—15  Hdcp.

Jim  Armstrong,  Winner  Low  Net,  Vendors  Flight

Dave  Sapp,  Winner  Low  Gross,  Vendors  Flight

C.H.  Wolfrom  Sr.  Classic  at  Maple  Lane  G.C.  —  Winner  - 
Gene  Johanningsmeier;  Low Score  of  the  Day  -  Jeff 
Blackett,  who  shot  69

Dorothy  and  Danny  Uzelac  -  With  their  new  tree-  a  gift 
from  us  for  their  gracious  hospitality  over  many  years.

The  Dedication  Plaque

WE  AT  WILKIE  TURF  EQUIPMENT  D IV IS IO N .  INC.  WOULD  LIKE  TO 

TAKE  THE  OPPORTUNITY  DURING  THIS  SPECIAL TIME  OF  THE 
YEAR.  TO  EXTEND  OUR  HEARTFELT  GRATITUDE  TO  THOSE  OF 

YOU  WHO  HELPED  TO  MAKE  THIS  OUR  BESJ  YEAR  EVER. 

WITHOUT  YOUR  SUPPORT  AND  CONFIDENCE.  WE  WOULD  NOT 

HAVE  ENJOYED  THE  SUCCESS  WE  DID  THIS  YEAR.  WE  PLEDGE 

TO  YOU.  OUR  VALUED  CUSTOMERS.  OUR  CONTINUED  EFFORT 

TO  MAKE  1987 AN  EVEN  BETTER  YEAR  FOR  ALL  OF  US.

Our  best to  you!

WHAT  IS  A  PESTICIDE?

The word comes from  the Latin pestis for “plague,” 
and  cida,  “to  kill.”  Pesticides  are  biologically  active 
chemicals  used  to  kill  or  control  unwanted  bacteria, 
rodents,  insects,  plants,  fungi,  mites  and  other  pests. 
There  are  more  than  34,000  pesticide  products 
currently registered by the EPA for use in the  United 
States.

About  13%  of  all  pesticides  are  sold  for  house  and 
garden  use  such  as:  cleansers,  bleaches,  flea  collars, 
lawn  and  garden  products,  rat  poisons  and  insect 
repellent.  Chlorine,  used  as  a  poison  gas  during 
World  War  I,  is  the  same  chemical  in  liquid  form 
that  is  used  as  bleach  and  keeps  our  drinking  water 
and  swimming  pools  free  of  bacteria,  algae  and 
other  harmful  organisms.  In  fact,  water  treatment 
plants account for most of the 20 %  of pesticides used 
by  industry.
14 %  of our pesticides are used by institutions such  as 
hospitals  and  restaurants  to  control  germs  and 
insects.  Some  chemicals  serve  as  pesticides  and 
medicine.  Warfarin,  a  rodenticide,  is  also  used  as  a 
medicine  to  thin  blood.  Some  antibiotics  used  to 
protect humans  from  infections  also  control  bacteria

in  orchards.
Forestry and  agriculture account for  approximately 
53%  of U.S.  pesticide use.  And it’s been  going on  for 
centuries:  sulphur  has  been  used  as  a  fungicide  for 
over 2,000  years  and  chemicals  such  as  lead,  arsenic 
and  nicotine  have  been  used  in  agriculture  since  the 
early  1900’s.

As  a  general  rule,  with  of  course  exceptions, 
rodenticides  -  because  they  control  warm-blooded 
animals  -  are  more  hazardous  to  humans  than  are 
insecticides.  And generally  fungicides  and  herbicides 
tend  to  be  the  least  toxic.  Most  herbicides  registered 
for forestry,  right-of-way and lawn use were develop­
ed  to  control  weeds  in  food  and  feed  crops.
Often,  because a compound is labeled as a pesticide, 
we  as  a  society  are  very  concerned  about  risks. 
Following are a couple  of  risk  comparisons.  Vitamin 
D,  an essential ingredient for life and  added to many 
foods, has about the same poison rating as Parathion, 
a  highly  toxic  insecticide.  Two  tablespoons  of  table 
salt can be a lethal  dose for  a  one-year-old  child  and 
salt is more toxic than some 20  compounds registered 
as  herbicides  for  right-of-way  and  forestry  use.

RISKS  VS.

BENEFITS

Pesticides  are  the 

least  understood  and  most 
controversial  chemicals  in  use  in  our  society.  Their 
value in controlling  or  destroying  insects,  weeds  and 
other pests that threaten or  annoy people is question­
ed by many people, who perceive them  as unsafe  and 
unnecessary  chemicals.

RISKS

Risks  are  part  of  everything  we  do.  We  take  risks 
every time we mow  a lawn or drive  a  car.  There  are 
risks in travelling long distances and in staying home, 
but  we  do  these  things  because  of  their  benefits.
Some chemicals can pose immediate (acute)  risks  to 
our  health.  Other  chemicals  pose  chronic  risks  that 
result  only  from  exposure  for  long  periods  of  time.
Why use any chemical that hasn’t been proven to be 
100%  safe?  It is scientifically impossible to  prove  the 
absolute  safety  of  any  chemical  because  we  can’t 
prove  what  won’t  happen  -  only  what  will  happen. 
At  some  dose  level,  every  substance  known  can  pose 
dangers.

The  research  and  development  of  pesticides  has 
improved  significantly  in  the  past  40  years  so  that 
today’s  pesticides  are  - •

•  Less  persistent  in  the  environment.

•  More  effective  in  smaller  quantities
• Applied with  greater knowledge of and concern for 
the  risks,  and
•  More  strictly  regulated  by  federal  and  state  laws.

Before  any pesticide  can  be  registered  and  labeled 
for commercial use,  it must undergo extensive testing 
to determine the health risks to humans,  fish wildlife, 
etc.

BENEFITS

Who  else  uses  pesticides?  Hospitals  and  doctors’ 
offices  are  kept  germ-free  with  pesticides.  They  alos 
keep  restaurant  and  school  kitchens  free  of  insects 
and rodents.  As  consumers,  we  depend  on  pesticides 
to  free  our  homes  of  termites,  roaches  and  rodents. 
We  use  cleaning  agents  like  Chlorox  or  Lysol  in  the 
laundry and bath,  and moth balls in closets to protect 
our  clothing.  Special  collars  protect  our  pets  from 
annoying fleas  and  ticks,  and  garden  chemicals  help 
us grow healthy vegetables,  flowers and lawns.  All of 
these  products  are  pesticides.

From  Living  With  Chemicals
Distributed  by  the  Wisconsin  Forestry/Rights  of 
Way/Turf  Coalition

Phoenix  Civic  Plaza  —  Phoenix,  Arizona

...  29  seminars  ...  Golf championship  ...  Trade  show  ...  Annual  meeting 

Make  YOUR  plans  to  attend!

For  Conference,  Seminar,  Advertiser  or  Exhibitor  Information:  1*800*472*7878

Golf Course  Superintendents  Association  of America 

1617  St.  Andrews  Dr.,  Lawrence,  KS  66046

ANNUAL  ELECTIONS

On  Wednesday,  October  22,  1986,  the  annual 

elections  were  held  at  Maple  Lane  Golf  Club.

Elected  for  their  second  terms  were:
President,  Kevin  Dushane 
Vice  President,  Charles  Gaige 
Secretary-Treasurer,  Tom  Mason

Director,  Ken  DeBusscher
Newly  elected  for  a  three-year  term:
JayDelCamp  (Who was nominated from the floor - 
Jay is superintendent of the Oakland  University  Golf 
Course.

Left  to  Right  —  Front  Row,  Kevin  Dushane  (President),  Ken  DeBusscher,  Ed
Heineman,  Tom  Mason  (Secretary),  Mike  Edgerton  (Past  President),  Jay 
Delcamp  (Newly  Elected  Director);  Back  Row,  Jon  Maddern,  Roger  G ill,
Jim  Timmerman,  Charlie  Gaige.

Kevin  Dushane,  President  MBCGCSA

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Southfield,  Ml  48034  Grand  Rapids,  Ml  49508

WOLFROM CONFERENCE ROOM 

DEDICATED  AT  MSU

On Tuesday,  September  16,  1986  a group of friends 
and  relatives  of  the  late  Clarence  Wolfrom  were 
present  for  the  dedication  of  the  C.H.  Wolfrom 
Conference Room in the newly opened Plant and Soil 
Science  Building  on  the  campus  of  Michigan  State 
University.
Clarence was the superintendent of the Maple Lane 
Golf Club in Sterling Heights,  Michigan  and for over 
50  years,  through  his  leadership  and  dedicated 
service to the Club,  it  was  able  to  grow  and  become 
one of the finest clubs in Michigan.  It was because of 
his  loyalty  and  hard  work  that  the  Roehl  family 
owners of Maple Lane,  donated funds to develop the 
beautiful  C.H.  Wolfrom  Conference  Room  in  his 
memory.

All  of  us  in  Turf grass  Management  are  proud  of 
Clarence  and  the  Roehl  family  for  their  recognition 
and  support  of  a  truly  great  man.

CERTIFICATION,  CONT.

conference will be sent to the responsible member
6.  The member will then provide the  sign-up  sheets 
at  the  conference  and  obtain  the  signatures  of 
those  in  attendance.

7. These sign-up sheets are then sent to headquarters 

and  the  members  are  given  CEU  credit.

8.  No  notification  of  credit  is  sent  back  to  the 
member.  Each  member  is  invited  to  call  head­
quarters  and  inquire  as  to  the  number  of  CEU 
credits on  file.  All  Cerified  members  are  encour­
aged to determine the number of CEU’s they have 
on file at least  12 months  prior  to  recertification.
In summary I feel that Certification has evolved into 
an  increasingly  valuable  credential.  This  increased 
value  is  evidenced  by  the  dramatic 
in 
participants  in  the  Certification  program.
If you  are  interested  in  becoming  Certified,  now  is 
the time to  get  started.  You  can  have  your  visitation 
this  summer  and  study  for  and  take  the  exam  this 
winter.  Many Superintendents have found taking the 
prep  course  and  exam  at  Conference  to  be  a  very 
rewarding  experience.

increase 

Credit :  Turf

FORMERLY TURF SUPPLIES,  INC.

Let’s Talk 
Fungicides!
We stock 

the Proven Best.

Tersan  1991,  2#-Proven  Systemic  Action. 
Tersan  LSR,  3#-Leaf  Spot  &  Rust  Control. 
Tersan  S.P.,  3#-Snow  Mold  &  Pythium. 
Daconil  2787,  2#-Very  Broad  Spectrum. 
Daconil  2787  2  Gal.  Flowable,  Liquid. 
Benomyl  Gran,  24#-Dry,  Spreadable.
Chipco  .26019,  2#-Broad  Spectrum  Syst. 
Fore  (Dithane),  50#-Leaf  Spot  &  Rust  Cntl. 
Acti-Dione  Thiram,  10#-Brown  &  Dollar. 
Acti-Dione  R.Z.,  10#-Anti-Biotic  Fungicide. 
Acti-Dione  TFG,  1#-Water-Sol,  Anti-Biotic. 
Bayleton  25W,  2#-Fusarium  prevent  & Cure. 
Dyrene  Gran.,  10#-Snow  Mold  Cntl.  & Cure.

KEN, DAVE, &  GEOFF

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SINCE  1923 

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SALES  -  SERVICE
★ LOADERS ★ SWEEPERS 
★ TRENCHERS ★ MOWERS 
★ ROTARY  CUTTERS 
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JOB  TAILORED  EQUIPMENT
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LESCO  Greensmower
designed  by and  for 
today’s  turf  professionals

•  18  H.P.  twin-cylinder Kohler Magnum engine for added  power 

and  long  life.

•  Hydraulic  power steering  for easy  maneuverability
•  Independent  reel  controls for multiple mowing  patterns
•  Reversible hydraulics to allow  backlapping of  individual  cutting 

units while on  machine

•  Center post  steering  for added  safety and  ease  in  climbing  on 

and  off either side of  machine

•  Rocker foot  pedal  for raising and  lowering 

cutting  units

•  Automatic  starting  and  stopping  of  reels

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NATIONWIDE

(800)  362-7413 

IN  OHIO

LESCO,  Inc. • 20005  Lake  Road,  Rocky  River,  Ohio 44116 • (216) 333-9250 J

LATE  FALL  FERTILIZATION,  CONT.

they are stored.  The roots  will  continue  to  grow  and 
store  carbohydrates  until  the  ground  freezes.  If  a 
fertilizer  is  applied  when  the  shoots  have  stopped 
growing  but  before  the  ground  freezes,  much  of  the 
applied nitrogen will be used for producing roots,  not 
shoots.  This is  a very sound  and  desirable  agronomic 
principle.

TIMING IS CRITICAL

Timing  of  a  late  fall  application  of  nitrogen  is 
critical,  especially on high value turf such  as  putting 
greens.  The  fertilizer  should  be  applied  so  that  the 
nitrogen  uptake  occurs  after  vertical  growth  ceases, 
but  early  enough  for  the  nitrogen  to  be  taken  up  by 
the active roots.  Applying the nitrogen  too  early  will 
force succulent  vegetable  growth,  rendering  the  turf 
more  susceptible  to  snow  mold  and  other  forms  of 
winterkill.  The  fertilizer  should  therefore  be  applied 
shortly after the last mowing.  In most of upstate New 
York the suggested time for this application is around 
November  10.  Downstate,  the  ideal  time  is  two  to 
three  weeks  later.  The  date  will  vary  with  the 
particular  season  and  the  specific  location  in  the 
state.
The source of nitrogen should  also  be  considered  in 
the  timing.  It  is  desirable  that  the  fertilizer  contain 
nitrogen  in  a  readily  available  form.  Water  soluble 
sources such  as urea,  ammonium nitrate,  or  ammon­
ium sulfate,  are the preferred materials for the target 
dates.  The  nitrogen  in  water  soluble  fertilizer  is  in 
available  form,  they  are  less  expensive  than  slow 
release  sources,  and  the  potential  for  foliar  burn  is 
small  at  this  time.  However,  since  potential  for 
nitrate  leaching  is  great  during  the  winter  months, 
soluble  sources  should  not  be  used  on  sandy  soils 
(especially  Long  Island).
Slow release nitrogen sources may  also  be  used  as  a 
late  fall  fertilizer.  However,  the  application  dates 
will have to be changed.  Research  at  Michigan  State 
University has developed suggested  application  dates 
for  various  nitrogen  sources.  The  following  nitrogen 
sources should be applied  at these suggested intervals 
prior  to  the  target  dates:  sulfur-coated  urea  from 
C .I.L.,  10-14  days;  LESCO  sulfur-coated  urea,  2-3 
weeks;  Milorganite,  3-4  weeks;  IBDU,  4-5  weeks; 
fertilizers  containing  both  soluble  and  slow-release 
nitrogen,  7  days,  depending  on  relative  amounts  of 
each.  The suggested rates of application  are  1  to  IV 2 
pounds  of  actual  nitrogen  per  1,000  sq.  ft.

Using  this  slow-release  nitrogen  source  requires 
guessing when turfgrass growth will cease.  If such  an 
application  is  followed  by  unusal  periods  of  warm 
weather, 
ther  may  be  a  loss  of  hardiness  and 
increased  potential  for  winterkill.
While there are potential problems with the late fall 
fertilization,  most  can  be  controlled  with  careful 
observations, proper timing,  and the use of preferred 
nitrogen  sources.  Late  fall  fertilization  is  a  manage­
ment  practice  worth  consideration  by  all  turfgrass 
managers.

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GONE TOO  FAR?  CONT.
is a light and frequent topdressing program.  A recent 
study completed at the University of Nebraska by Dr. 
Robert Shearman  indicates  that  ball  roll  was  signifi­
cantly  greater  on  turf  receiving  light  and  frequent 
sand  topdressing  than  on  those  recieving  the  tradi­
tional  aerification  and  topdressing  treatment.  In 
addition  to  this  finding,  there  are  other  interesting 
ramifications from the light and frequent topdressing 
program.  Basically,  disease  increased  with  the  light 
topdressing  program  and  became  less  severe  when 
surfactants  were  used.

MOWING  HEIGHTS  AND  FREQUENCY

Have  we  gone  too  far  in  our  desire  for  “tight” 
fairways?  If  you  are  a  superintendent  in  Kentucky 
bluegrass  country,  many  times  the  answer  is  yes. 
However,  I  have  seen  some  outstanding  Kentucky 
bluegrass  courses  in  the  state  of  Utah  that  are 
consistently  mowed  at  3/4inch  and  produce  some  of 
the  best  playing  conditions  for  fairways  I  have 
viewed  in  the  western  United  States.

The  key  to  their  operation  however,  is  that  the 
fairways  are  mowed  at  least  five  times  a  week.  This 
goes back  to  the  question  of what  does  the  member­
ship  want  and  how  much  are  they  willing  to  pay. 
Mowing  Kentucky  bluegrass  at  3/4inch  five  times  a 
week will certainly  give  extremely  playable  fairways 
without  problems  of  Poa  Annua  and  bentgrass 
invasion  into  the  turf.  To  desire  lower  mowing 
heights with less frequent mowing is counter product­
ive to proper growing conditions for this turf species. 
In  a case  such  as  this,  the  superintendent  must  relay 
the  information  to  the  membership  and  have  com­
plete  communication  so  they  understand  the  side 
effects  of  mowing  height  with  this  type  of  turf grass.
In  regard  to  other  cool  season  grasses,  it  again 
depends  upon  what  the  membership  desires.  Basic­
ally,  a  mowing  height  on  fairways  of  V2  to  5/8  inch 
will provide the best playing conditions for the entire 
membership.  Mowing  heights  higher  than  this  cut 
three times per week can  many times result in “flyer” 
lies.  This  leads  to  the  natural  request  of members  to 
soften  the  greens  as  their  downward  three  wood, 
from a  1  inch cut fairway,  using a Pinnacle golf ball, 
with  Ping  clubs  will  not  hold  the  green.  It  is  the 
responsibility  of  the  player  to  stop  the  ball,  not  the 
responsibility  of  the  putting  green!  To  help  the 
player,  the fairways  should  be  kept  below  3A  inch  if 
mowed  three  times  per  week.
What  about  those  courses  that  have  gone  under  V2 
inch  for  fairway  playing  conditions?  Provided  the 
membership  desires  this  type  of  playing  condition 
and  the  club  has  adequate  irrigation  and  mowing 
equipment,  there  is  nothing  wrong  with  this  opera­
tion.  A  good  example  of  this  are  the  outstanding 
fairways  beign  maintained  be  Mr.  Campbell  at 
Sahalee  Golf  Club  in  Redmond.  Superintendent 
Campbell  is  currently  maintaining  the  fairways  as 
3/8  inch  with  outstanding  definition  between  the 
fairways  and  the  1  -  V2 
inch  rough.  While  this
CONTIN UED  NEXT  PAGE

GONE  TOO  FAR?  CONT.
mowing  height  may  be  too  short  for  most  country 
clubs,  it  appears  to  have  been  very  well  accepted  at 
Sahalee.

SUMMARY
The golf courses most affected by the new  trends  in 
intensive  maintenance  practices  to  improve  playing 
conditions  are  not  the  high  priced  country  clubs. 
Thoses  courses  that  have  moderate  budgets  (or  less) 
with memberships who desire the “country club” look 
are  most  affected  by  these  practices.  Private  clubs 
with  high  budgets  that  use  walkers  on  greens, 
triplexes  on  fairways,  aerify  fairways  with  walking 
putting  green  aerifiers,  utilize  modern  computer- 
based irrgation systems,  purchase and maintain  good 
equipment  and  have  adequate  manpower  certainly 
raise the  level  of maintenance  on  their  courses.  It  is 
when  members  of  the  “smaller”  clubs  visit  these 
courses  and  return  their  home  course  that  problems 
can  sometimes  occur.  On  those  courses  that  can 
afford  it,  many  of  the  maintenance  practices  being 
done today are not too far.  On those that can’t,  these 
same maintenance practices are completely out of the 
question.  It  is  up  to  the  superintendent  to  get  this 
point  across,  using  any  means  available,  that  golf 
courses  simply  cannot  be  compared  and  no  golf 
course is in “perfect” condition every day of the year.
In  an  excellent  article  written  by  Mr.  James  T. 
Snow,  Director,  Northeastern  Green Section  Region, 
titled “Who said the grass is always greener  .  .  .”,  he 
makes  two  important  points.  First,  no  golf  course  is 
identical  to  any  other.  Second,  no  golf  course  will 
always  be  in  excellent  condition.
If many of today’s players sit down and ponder these 
statements,  fewer  problems  would  result  from  the 
inevitable  comparisons.

Credit:  Northwest Turfgrass Conference 9/26/85

Professional Turf Products

COUNTRY CLUB
Homogenous Granulation 
High Methylene Ureas (W.I.N.) 
Balanced Feeding 
Fits Your Budget
RANDY  ROGERS 
P.O.  Box  8002
Division  Manager  Rochester,  Ml  48063

(313)  373-7235

LEB A N O N   CH EM ICAL C O R PO R A TIO N
P.O. Box 647 
P.O. Box  180
Lebanon, PA  17042
Danville, IL 6 1832 

NEWS  RELEASE

The  USGA-GCSAA  Turfgrass  Information  File  is 
available  for  anyone  wishing  to  gain  information 
through  abstracts  on  subjects  dealing  with  turfgrass 
research.  By calling 517-353-7209  and talking to  Mr. 
Peter Cookingham, you will be able to search the files 
for your particular subject.  A fee of  $.50  (fifty  cents) 
per  abstract  will  be  charged,  not  to  exceed  $50  per 
subject.
The file is continuing to have  information  added  to 
it.

Turfgrass  Information  File  is  being  developed  for 
use  by  anyone.  A  future  phone  modem  will  be 
available to anyone wishing to directly hook up  with 
the file information.  The service is being provided by 
the  USGA-GCSAA  Turf  Research  Program.

Worry  is  like  rocking  chair;  it  will  give  you  some­
thing  to  do  but  it  won’t  get  you  anywhere.

NEVER IS A LONG TIME

Our  first  responsibility  in  life  is  to  ourselves,  then 
our families, our church and country;  thereafter - the 
next most important concept we should keep  sight  of 
is  .  .  .

You will NEVER be more than you 

perceive yourself to be.

"F o r Land's Sake-'Use P eat"

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1430  E.  Drahner  Rd. 
Oxford,  Michigan  48051

COMPANY

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Phone:  (313)  354-5644

19240  West  Eight  M ile  Southfield,  Ml  48075

(’/2  Mile  West  of  Southfield  Road)

TRUCK  - CAR,  M O TO RC YC LE, 
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TIRES &TUBES A.

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LAWN  &  GARDEN  EQUIPMENT  TIRES

Pirelli

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Season’s Greetings

AND ALL GOOD WISHES FOR 

THE NEW YEAR

Best Wishes 

for the 
Coming 
Season

W. F. MillerS^Zpany

TELEPHONE:  (313)  647-7700

1593  S.  WOODWARD  AVE. 

BIRMINGHAM,  MICHIGAN  48011 

" A   Patch  of  Green”
3 1 8 2 3   U T I C A   R O A D  

F R A S E R ,   M I C H I G A N   4 8 0 2 6

NICHIGAN  STATE  UNIVERSITY 
LIBRARY  -   SERIALS
EAST  LANSING,  MICH. 

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