ssCitNce & Pruning Standards for Shade Trees NATIONAL ARBORIST ASSOCIATION Continued from January issue CLASS II MEDIUM PRUNING objectionable Removal of dead, dying, diseased, and interfering, weak branches. Medium pruning shall consist of the removal on the main trunks and limbs inside leaf area and any that extend beyond this area. The described branches to 1” (size of a quarter) may remain within the leaf area to their full length. the This work will be accomplished within the following specifications: A. All cuts to be made sufficiently close to the parent stem so that healing inch limbs one to prevent can readily start under normal condi­ tions. B. All in diameter (size of a quarter) or over must be precut s p l i t t i n g . All branches 3-1/2” in diameter should lowered by proper ropes to the be ground. C. Paint all cuts, old and new, one inch in diameter (size of quarter) and over with an approved tree wound dressing. On old wounds care is to be taken to paint exposed wood only. D. On trees known to be diseased, tools are to be d i s i n f e c t e d with alcohol after each cut and between trees, where there is a known danger of transmitting the disease on tools. Continued on Next Page 11 other Pruning Standards Cont. E. Old scars not healing properly and where callus growth is not already e s t a b l i s h e d are to be traced and painted, unless is designated. F. All girdling roots visible to the eye are to be reported. G. Any structural weakness, decayed trunk or branches, split crotches, or branches, should be reported. CLASS III SAFETY PRUNING treatment Removal of dead, diseased or weak branches. Safety pruning shall consist of the removal of the described branches to a size that injure a person. in falling would This work is subject to the fol­ two inches limbs over lowing specifications: A. All cuts to be made sufficiently close to the parent stem so that healing can readily start under normal conditions. B. All in diameter to be removed by precutting to prevent splitting. Lowering of any branches by proper ropes that would injure the tree by falling. C. Paint all cuts made in accom­ plishing this work, with an approved tree wound dressing. D. On trees known to be diseased, tools are to be disinfected after each cut and between trees with alcohol, where there is known to be danger of transmitting the disease on tools. E. Any structural weakness, decayed for trunk or branches, split crotches, or branches should be reported. F. Suggested minimum safety pruning...remove limbs to two and one half inches diameter and five feet in length. Account should be taken of location of tree and tree variety in applying the above. CLASS IY CUT BACK OR TOPPING The reduction of tops, sides, under­ bid nches or individual Umbs. to This work must be accomplished inch limbs one with the following specifications: A. All cuts to be made sufficiently close the parent stem so that healing can readily start under normal conditions. B. All in diameter (size of a quarter) or over must be to prevent s p l i t t i n g . All precut branches 3-1/2” in diameter should lowered by proper ropes to the be ground. C. Paint all cuts old and new one inch in diameter (size of a quarter) and over, with an approved tree wound dressing. On old wounds care is to be taken to paint exposed wood only. D. On trees known to be diseased, tools are to be disinfected with alcohol after each cut and between trees, where there is known to be danger of transmitting the disease on tools. E. Old scars not healing properly and is not already where callus growth established traced and painted, unless other is designated. Continued on Next Page treatment to be are No synthetically produced fertilizer can compare with MILORGANITE TERMINAL SALES CORR 12871 EATON AVE. DETROIT, MICH. 48227 (313) 491 -0606 12 cutting back trees, one in mind to make them graphical areas. The above damage may be minimized by doing work on susceptible trees during the dormant season. 4. When should have shapely and typical of their species. lifting the bottom branches of 5. In trees for underclearance, care should to given to symmetrical appearance, and cuts should not be made so large they will prevent normal sap flow. 6. Periodical cut back or topping of Silver Maples, Poplars and other trees with brittle and soft wood is an estab­ lished p r a c t i c e and has proven beneficial in maintaining the safety of these trees over long periods of trees with soft and growth. Other brittle wood growing in different geographical areas may be specifically named when it is common practice to control the growth by cut back or topping. Pruning Standards Cont. F. All girdling roots visible to the eye, where practicable, should be treated as follows: 1. When cut back or topping trees, drop crotch as much as possible, avoid cutting back to small suckers. Remove smaller limbs and twigs in such a manner as to leave the foliage pattern evenly distributed. 2. In reducing overall size, attention is to be given to symmetrical appear­ ance. Top is to be higher and sides reduced in order to maintain a tree­ like form. 3. On thin bark trees, just enough limbs should be removed to get the effect wanted without admitting too much sunlight to the trunk of the tree or to the top of the large branches. t a k e n with the Care following Lindens, Sugar Maples, Red Maples, Beeches, Apple, Oaks and other trees susceptible to sunscald growing in different geo­ s h o u l d be trees: Continued on Next Page Remember . W e ll......... . . How Good Your G olf Course Looked When You L a st Used . . . G & F? 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When you pay too much, you lose a little money — that is all. When you pay too lose everything, because the thing you bought was incapable o f doing the thing it was bought to do. little , you sometimes — John Ruskin T urf Care the GRANULAR WAY Controlled Release Fertilizers Fertilizer- Pesticide Combinations Fungicides/Herbicides/lnsecticides —• — Granular Spreaders LELY/SCOTTS/GANDY Turfgrass Seed High Quality / Wide Selection ProTurf Charles Croley 1120 Jefferson Street Lapeer, Michigan 48446 Phone: 313/664-8266 CALL LAKESHORE COLLECT (216) 651-1600 FOR ALL YOUR TURFGRASS SUPPLIES - QUOTATIONS ON REQUEST - - CHECK OUR PRICES - LAKESHORE E Q U IP M E N T & S U P P L Y C O . 10237 B E R E A R O A D C L E V E L A N D , O H I O 4 4 1 0 2 Pruning Standards Cont. 7. In general reduction of size (cut back or topping) not more than one- third total area should be reduced at a single operation. of the T E R M IN O L O G Y C a llu s new growth made by the cambium layer around all wound. Cambium L a y e r Growing point between the bark and sapwood. The C ut is the exposed wood area that remains after the branch has been removed. Cut Back is the specified reduction of the overall size of the tree or i n d i v i d u a l reduction of the sides as well as the top of the tree. Dorm ant, a condition of non-active growth. Deciduous trees are considered to be dor­ mant from the time the leaves fall until new foliage begins to appear. located above or below G irdlin g Roots, ground level, whose circular growth around the base of the trunk or over the individual roots applies pressure to the bark area, thereby choking or restricting the flow of sap. H ealin g , refers to the roll of the callus growth around the wound area. L iftin g , the removal of lower branches for underclearance. P a in t, an approved tree wound dressing, to contain a disinfectant and usually usually of asphalt base. Paint to be free of the materials toxic to callus formation. P arent Stem, the main trunk system of the tree. P recut or P re cu ttin g , the removal of the inches beyond the b r a n c h at into finished cut, parent stem or branch. P runing, the removal of dead, dying di­ seased, interfering, objectionable and weak branches in a scientific manner. Sap F lo w , the definite course assumed by sap in its movement through a tree. Scars, natural or man-made lesions of the bark in which wood is exposed. Suckers, abnormal growth of small branches usually not following the general pattern of the tree. T h inn ing Out, the removal of live branches to create more space. Topping, means the same as Cut Back. T rac in g , scientific cutting of the bark along the lines of sap flow to encourage healing and to be the outline of the wound area. 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