ometime within the next several years, th~ first S American will soar into orbit around the earth. He will be sealed in a small, cone-shaped space capsule mounted atop ~n Atlas missile. The missile will climb 100 miles in. less th.an SIX minutes, where the capsule will disengage and go mto orbit. The man will be alone in space. The vehicle for this historic voyage is already in production under the auspices of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's This mark tells you a product is made ~ of modern, dependable Steel. \:£l "Project Mercury." Oneof the methods of heat protection is a beryl- lium heat sink, forged on two giant steel dies. Both dies are USS Quality Steel Forgings. The top die (shown being rough-machined on one of our vertical boring mills) will be convex, 20 inches thick and will weigh 26,520 pounds. The bottom die, concave and 18 United States Steel Corporation inches thick, weighs 27,700 pounds. Both are 92 inches in diameter. Personnel Division 525 William Penn Place Pittsburgh 30, Pennsylvania Steel is the starting gun in the race to outer space. Space ships Please send me the book Iet, "P aths of Opportunity." and missiles couldn't get off the ground without it. And Steel de- Name --- pends on'men like you. Send the coupon if you would like to find out School - _ about the many engineering financial analysis or sales career op- Address- ----- portunities at U. S. Steel. City _ _______ ~7.one-State- USSis a registeredtrademark ~ United States Steel FACTS ABOUT AIR FORCE OFFICER TRAINING FOR ENGINEERS Who is eligible? Does the Air Force offer career opportunities? College graduates, with a degree from an Yes. Technically trained officers have a particu. accredited college or university, who are U. S. larly bright career outlook. They have good citizens 201/2 to 27112 at time of application. opportunities for graduate study. Male applicants may be married or unmarried; female applicants must be single and have no How can further information dependents. Applicants must complete written be obtained? and physical examinations for commissioning. Write to OTS Information, Box 7608, Wash- ington 4, D.C., or inquire at any Air Force Hc- What kinds of engineers cruiting Office, listed in thc telephonc dircctory are needed most? under "U. S. Government-Air Force." Aeronautical, electrical, mechanical, civil, ****************************** architectural, industrial. (Also graduates with ** Civilian Career Opportunities ** any degree who majored in nuclear physics, engineering physicS or meteorology.) *: The Air Force also offers challenging jobs for :* * engineers as civilians. Write to Directorate of * * Civilian Personnel, Hq. Air Force Systems Com. * What is Air Force * mand, Andrews Air Force Base, Washington 25, * : D. C., concerning opportunities for individuals : Officer Training School? * with degrees in aeronautical, electrical, elec- * : tronic, and mechanical engineering. Write to : A precommission training course of 3 months' * Directorate of Civilian Personnel, Hq. Air Force * duration at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas. : Logistics Command, Wright. Patterson Air Force : Officer trainees upon graduation receive a com- * Base, Ohio, concerning opportunities for individ- * : uals with degrees in industrial engineering. : mission as second lieutenant. They are then as- signed directly to duty or additional training. :****************************: May, 1961 At Convair, we know how important it is to Salary? You'll find us competitive right down choose your first association wisely. We can the line. almost always help to make the decision a little Location? Convair's operating divisions are lo- easier, whether or not you choose Convair. cated in California and Texas. Each has advan- No company can be all things to all graduates tages; all are in medium-sized metropolitan areas. but Convair offers some unusual advantages that Associates? Distinguished men in your field shou!d interest you. We're a big company, but have chosen Convair as their company; the best provide .many of the advantages usually consid- place to express their ideas and formulate their ered umque to smaller firms. Our engineering careers. ?epar.tments, for exa~~le, are purposely organ- Graduate study? Convair aggressively encour- Iz~d mto s~al.I,. spec.mhzed groups, achieving a ages graduate study and participation in local c!lmate of mdlvlduahs~ ra!e in a company our educational programs through lecturing and size. A.lso, a large orgamzatlOn can pursue a vari- teaching. ety of mdependent research and technical studies' Yes, before you decide, pick up all the facts its resources provide an extra measure of stability: about Convair. You'll find them in our new bro- Looking for real opportunity? Convair, as a chure, "Engineering Opportunities." See it in mem~er of the General Dynamics family, offers your placement office or write for a copy. Address what ..S probably the most advanced and diversi- Mr. H. T. Brooks, Engineering Personnel Ad- fied h~t of programs and products in the aero- ministrator, Convair General Office, San Diego space mdustry. 12, California. A DIVISION OF CONVAIR GENERAL DYNAMICS 2 Spartan Engineer WANT INTERESTING WORK? WANT TO LEARN AS YOU EARN? Here's a .chance. to put theory to practice ... to appraise what you have learne~ In relation to what Industry requires on the job. You'll get a better Idea of where you can go in your chosen field ... and perhaps the route to take after graduation. If you're a junior, senior, or graduate student of chemical or mechanical engineering, or chemistry, you may be given a regular plant or laboratory assignment, important and challenging work, keyed to your education to date. You'll get the same personal, interested training as our permanent employees. A summer job with Du Pont can be an important step toward a good job with us after college. You learn about us and what kind of company we are. We learn about you. Jobs for students are limited, of course, so write soon to Du Pont, Room 2430-2 Nemours Building, Wilmington 98, Delaware. (There are some jobs, too, for freshmen and sophomores, as lab assistants and vacation relief operators. They should apply direct to the Du Pont laboratory or plant of their choice.) BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING ••• THROUGH CHEMISTRY WORK WITH DU PONT THIS SUMMER 3 May, 1961 Editor's Corner You HAVE the feeling of pride and accomplishment ..... and it is well deserved, for you will soon complete a rigorous four-year engineering pro- gram. You're among the very best of the nation's youth and the nation is wait- ing for you with open arms. She expects big things from you, so don't dis- appoint her Place no limit on your visions and thinking . Dream big dreams and do your best to make those dreams come true. You cannot limit yourself to what has been done. To quote Dean Ryder, "We have built buildings and bridges before, but when it comes to building rockets, we are not following a previous pattern." Creativity is the prime requisite for englOeers and scientists; they must think "big" and be pioneers. More than 100 years ago, Michael Faraday was demonstrating his elec- tromagnetic equipment to a British government committee in the hope of obtaining government support. One member admitted he was fascinated, but asked Faraday, "What practical benefits can we expect?" "1 can't answer that question," Faraday replied, "but I can tell you that 100 years from now you will be taxing something like this." When you get into the world of science, let your motivation be that of the mountain-climber he climbs a mountain because it's there! RY.P. 4 Spartan Engineer Spartan Engineer VOLUME 14 NO. 4 MAY 1961 4 EDITOR'S CORNER 7 DEAN'S LETTER 8 A GIANT 12 JETS 14 AUTOMA TIC HIGHWAYS 20 SIDETRACKED 22 BOOK REVIEW " editor ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ........................ REG PILARSKI business manager . DON ANDERSON assistant business manager . JEANNETTE McCI.EES copy editor . PAUL BUTLER publicity . ........ ART BEKMANIS SIGMA PHI DEI.TA staff artist . ......... . . . . . . .................... SYDNEY SUE YOUNG staff C. CHURCH Member, Engineering College R. HUFFMASTER Magazine AlSocioted ~ Chairman: Profenor Charles E. Wales, K. LESLEY ;. Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan o 0 0 J. THORNTON Publishe,'s Rep: littell.Murrey-Barnhill, Inc. 369 lexington Ave., New York 17, N. Y. 737 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. advisors ]. RYDER Published four times yearly by the students of the ,COllE?E. OF T. FARRELL ENGINEERING, MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, Eost tonsong, M,ch'gon. H. PLUMB The office is on the third floor of the Student Services. Bldg.,. P,hone ED 2- 1511. Ext. 2614. Second closs postage paid in E. lanSing, Michigan, J. STOKLEY under act of March J, 1879. D. McGRADY Subscription rate by moil S 1.00 per year. Single copies 2S cents. W. MciLRATH 5 May, 1961 Malleable Puts More Muscle in Machinery In the agricultural equipment field, reputations depend on building products that can take rough treatment ... and give real value. To do it, agricultural equipment manufacturers rely heavily on Malleable MALLEABLE iron castings. IRON o Malleable's excellent ductility and shock resistance mean longer life CASTINGS and fewer problems than obtainable with fabrications. Low start-up cost for small quantities also is vitally important in this competitive industry. Put more reputation-building quality into your products at less cost with Malleable. PROBLEM-SOLVING IDEAS are yours free in Data Unit No.1I5. For your copy, ask any member of the Malleable Cast- ings Council, or write to Malleable Castings Council, Union Com- merce Building, Cleve- land 14, Ohio. The versatility of Malleable Castings is reflected in th'e vanety of ferntlc .. and r' M I dable front axle bar to bolsters lift arms clamps I' h' . pear ItlC a leable tractor parts, from the tough, depen- , , , c eVlses, Itches, hinges , f 00 t pe d aIs, transmission . , planetary carriers and clutch parts. 6 Spartan Engineer Dean's Letter / o ~R SENIORS have just completed their parts in the annual hunt for col- leg~ Ivo~y-the campa.ign conducted by U. S. industry to guide the potential engIneerIng graduate Into the profession. This year, as for several past, has seen our campus attract representatives of more industrial companies and g~vernmental agencies than visit any other institution in the state. During WInter term alone, our 250 engineering seniors had nearly 2300 interviews with the visiting personnel representatives. What do these men look for in the seniors they interview? \V/e believe the ~oremost quali~y desired is "teachableness," or a willingness and ability to contInue the learnmg process. How do they measure this quality? Certainly the first quantitative criterion applied is that of the student's grade-point aver- age. A good average is at least an indication that he has learned in the past and should be able to continue the learning process in moving into our techni- cal profession in the future. Interest in possible graduate study, in company- sponsored technical and business training programs, in the technical advantages offered by the geographical locale of the company's operations, all demonstrate to the ivory-hunter that a senior wishes to continue learning. A good point average, however, is not all that is desired by the inter- viewer. After assuring himself of academic abilities, he next looks to person- ality, appearance, responsiveness, ability to spea,k. The interviewer kn~ws that these qualities, not too well measured by the pOll1t a~erage, have a .maJor bear- ing on the future of an engineer-he must work With and supervise others- will he be a smooth-working member of the company team? Many of these latter capabilities are present in a st~dent before he even arrives on our campus as a freshman, ,an~ we must admit ~l~at often we only offer opportunity for exercise and poltshmg o~ these. qualttlCs. ~o\~ever, we would like to point out that the point average IS the tIcket of a~~lISslOn to the interview room-without this a graduate has lessened opportullltles to demon- strate his other winning qualities or personality. A d even though such a mundane subject as salary should not enter, a good p:int average has been known to put mo~e beef in the salary offer, which usually leads to more beef on the table at meal tIme. J. D. RYDER 7 May, 1961 A FOR A NEIGHBOR NESTED in a valley surrounded by attention to its growth and are little radio telescope being built there but the natural protection of the high affected by its presence. Their life the little town will continue its way of mountains of \X1est Virginia, a giant continues much as it has for decades life nearly unaffected. grows up. In the small nearby moun- prior to the conception of their new The new radio telescope, started by tain town of Sugar Grove (population neighbor. Much of the outside world the Navy in the summer of 1959 and 125), the townspeople pay little or no will be greatly influenced by the giant to be completed in 1962, will have dimensions presently unequaled any- where in the world. Standing 665 feet abo\'e the ground level of the valley, the structure will require 20,000 tons of steel, 600 tons of aluminum, and nearly 14,000 cubic yards of concrete. A huge parabolic reflector, with a diameter of 600 feet, a circumference of approximately one-third of a mile, and a reflecting area of seven square miles will top the structure. When completed, it will have cost $79 mil- lion. The Navy feels that its invest- ment will be realized. For each operating day, the Navy will spend one-half day conducting research of a classified nature on items of interest to them; i.e., navigation, communication, ionospheric physics, etc. The other half of the day will be used by astronomers. A special Navy consulting board will allocate time ac- cording to pre-determined subject pri- orities. The rigorous selection priorities are necessitated by the demand created for the telescope due to its outstanding qualities. The parabolic reflector, cra- r- ~~~~ dled between two ferris wheel-like structures, is capable of a 0 to 90° vertical scan and a 3600 horizontal rotation facilitated by railroad trucks .. T.hese are two temporary towers. erected by the American Bridge at the base. The surface of the reflector DIVISIon of the U. S. Steel CorporatIon .at "the site of tllJe l~avys ;'T , I consists of individual aluminum wire- . d' lJuge screen panels that are automatically la 10 telescope at Sugar G.r.o/le, lP"est Vtrgllua. The men at the to s of compensated by servomechanisms for these towers are ~arely I'1Sl~/e. The .tower at the left is 360 feet Phigh distortion due to wind, temperature and 90 feet squalI e. Both.. wt/I be bltllt to a height of 420 f eet an d. WI '11 be SIIfIII01lllted. oy derncks wlIh booms 200 feet 101lg. changes, or the severe stresses due to gravity when in movement. To avoid 8 Spartan Engineer by Kennet b L. Lesl e)', E.E. distortion, the surface must not vary more than one inch at the important 21 em. wavelength (hydrogen line wavelength). An inertial guidance sys- tem will allow the focusing of a spot only 1/60 of the area of the moon regardless of outside parameters such as the movement of the earth. The control parameters to the guid- ance system will be determined by a computer using punched cards pre- pared by an expert operating crew from a detailed description of the ex- An artist's sketch of the completed radio-telescope. periment proposed by the astronomer. At the focus of the reflector (240 feet from its center) is the Navy receiving layer of some insulating material such James Van Allen announced the dis- apparatus. If the astronomer desires as dust. The presence of this material covery of two horn-shaped belts of in- could very well ha,'e a bearing upon tense radiation surrounding the earth. to utilize his own gear, he may do so any projected moon landings. The By means of the greater resolution by placing it at the focus. Presently, radio telescope verifies these previous available through the use of the 600- it seems likely that the results obtained findings and does so in a more accu- foot radio telescope, it will be possible will be printed either on a punched- rate manner by being able to study to chart these belts with some fair card or tape to allow the astronomer to smaller areas. It is also being used degree of accuracy. A knowledge of utilize his own computer facilities for temperature studies on the differ- the location and intensity of any radia- thereby freeing the system for other tion will enhance man's chances of re- projects. ent stars and planets. turning unaffected back to earth once A project having high priority with. Scientists anticipate that the 600- he has been put into orbit. To many the Navy consulting board is the study foot radio telescope will permit the concerned with the conquest of outer of the temperatures on the surface of accurate measurement of the amount space, this may be considered ample the moon. Since the resolving power of radiation from the solar flares that qualification for the time and resources of a telescope is defined as the ratio accompany the appearance of sunspots being put into the giant. on our own sun. The practical appli- of the aperture (diameter) to the op- cation of the results of this work will Thus it is' that a giant can grow erating wavelength, it can be readily be in the field of communications. up in the mountains without bothering seen that the 600-foot radio telescope Atmospheric conditions generally at- or perhaps even interesting the inhab- will have a very nice degree of reso- itants of the local area. It will rise to tributed to sun-spot radiation creates lution. This will allow studying the its magnificent 665 foot heighth and interference on most present means of surface of the moon in greater detail probe the heavens in a manner hereto- radio communication. Perhaps a more ~han previously attainable. Optical and fore impossible. It will search the accurate knowledge of the nature of mfrared studies have indicated that skies for knowledge of the secrets these interference causing conditions the surface of the moon remains warm there. It will contribute to the further- will lead to equipment that will not for several days after it has turned ing of science and the betterment of away from the sun and that it remains be affected by them. man. The giant 600-foot radio tele- cool for several days after returning An item of topical interest to any scope will not disturb the people of again to the sunlight. To the scientist nation professing the desire to p~t Sugar Grove-and, they will certainly man into space is the Van Allen radI- this suggests the possibility of the not disturb it. ation belt. Some short time ago, Dr. moon's surface being covered by a 9 May, 1961 This steel plant consumes 1/400th of the electric power generated in the United States Surprising? Not if you realize that steelmaking requires the vast and complicated array of electrical equipment a tremendous amount of electric power. at our many plants and facilities. It takes about 20,000 electric motors to drive the Bethlehem offers excellent career opportrmi. rolling mills and other equipment at our Sparrows Point ties for men in virtually all engineering curricula: Plant, near Baltimore, the nation's largest steelmaking metallurgical, mechanical, chemical, industrial, civil, min. plant. Here, at our own steam-electric generating station, ing, ceramic, architectural, and others. We suggest that we produce enough power for a city of 250,000. you discuss Bethlehem with your Placement Officer. A~d It goes without saying that we need the services of be sure to pick up a copy of our booklet, "Careers WIth electrical engineers to design, construct, and maintain Bethlehem Steel and the Loop Course." @ BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY R Bethlehem, Pa. teelforStrength .. , Economy •.. Versatility BETHLEHEM STEEL Gravity is both a bane and a boon to man's efforts - and a thorough understanding of it is of great significance in the completion of Allison's energy conversion mission . ..... s '0.:$.~,';$ Gravity conditions our thinking on ad- ",\," vanced assignments. For example, in ,"~~~,':-." ...... ~~~"~ ..' outer space there is a disorientation of :~~~~,~"~~~::~_~ .. :.:~ ...•>,~~~~ conventional design. The fact that large .~-:;;,.~'<.,~~ ,,':"i!.-~" accelerations can be obtained with low ," :,~~"~ thrust forces has taken us into the new field ....,:",""",:~"'-~~~~'~ .-',..;~ ~~,... of electrical propulsion, ion and magneto. "<;'.'~~4 ....,-";~J.~~~;,... hydrodynamic rockets. ~/#,- ~ "~:-47~-r-'- ~J7:~ __ :;,£4'.2- ~ ~ ~~ ~_~. In our inquiries, we supplement resources by calling on many talents and our own ~ ~ ~ capabilities: General Motors Corporation, £,cp;~;',::-~ ~ .. its Divisions, other individuals and organi- ,.-.r/ zations. By applying this systems engineer- ing concept to new projects, we increase the effectiveness with which we aCcom- plish our mission - exploring the needs of Energy conversion is our business advanced propulsion and weapons systems. Division of General Motors, Indianapolis 6, Indiana 11 May, 1961 by Roberta Huffmaster, l\1ath and Physical Science Do YOU \XI ANT to know how to build a pulsating jet engine-a radio tured below), won a special JETS award, plus a first place and Air displaying his infra-red guidance sys- tem here at the exposition because he controlled robot? Or see what a space Force award at the 1961 Youth Talent is taking it to the National Science station will look like, or examine the Fair in Kansas City. The system can Exhibit and Science Fair sponsored nucleus of a radioactive element? On detect a heat source and tell where by The State JOllrnal and Oldsmobile. May 12 and 13, these and other un- the heat is coming from. She designed and built it herself as a usual displays will be shown at the A radio-controlled robot will be physics project. The engine uses pro- 9th Annual JETS Engineering Expo- displayed by Ray Gearhart, a Mt. Pleas- pane fuel, and shoots an eight-foot sition. The theme for this year will be ant, Texas, JETS member. (Picture blast from its tail. It took a year to The Space Generation. below). The robot has a system of build and works something like a Typical of the kind of projects pre- mechanical devices that trip certain torch. sented is that of Shirley Heuchert, a relays depending on the command JETS member at Sexton High School Another JETS award winner from given to it by means of a radio trans- in Lansing. Her pulse jet engine (pic- Sexton is Jim Hewitt. He will not be mitter. This type of radio control is comparable to that used in controlling missiles, and is called command guid- ance. In all, there will be projects from at least 14 states at the exposition, in- cluding New York, Alabama, and New Mexico. This year, there is a new rule that all projects entered must have won some award previous to entering it here. Each project must also be en- tered in one of the 14 specific cate- gories, ranging from Agricultural En- gineering to Mathematics, and all have to be workable applications of knowl- edge, not just posters or kits. The JETS have also added another award to the exposition, the 1961 JETS National Technician, to be given . /. I~I to some outstanding member who is not planning on going to college, but wants to further his technical Knowl- • \ 3 edge. Both the winner of this award, -~.',\ and the 1961 JETS National Junior Engineer winner will be taken on a tour of the military bases and installa- tions around Washington, D.C., in addition to other awards. Various societies and companies will also give out prizes to entries in their fields. Republic Aviation will give one in the Aeronautical Engineering Divi- 12 Spartan Engineer J\~).l 'F.J, .......,. .t ~ ........ ~/h~ • I..,. -','..1" ...,"'<"", ..... ,f'J' /(}..,.~V ,.- ~A M,JJ ~ J,_jJf.- ~ f.r, sion, the American Society of Civil One of the main ideas inherent in the Mechanical Engineering Lab on Engineers will give one in the Civil- the clubs is that members learn by campus, with Dr. Fallon as director, Architectural Engineering group, and doing, not by rote memorization of and Dean Ryder as president of the the Consumers Power Co. plans to formulas and statistics. Each club has society. give one common share of its stock, a pilot, who is usually a science or The JETS aim of introducing high worth approximately $50, to the top math teacher in the school. He, along school students to the many aspects of entry in the Electrical Engineering di- with any advisors from industry, engineering and science has had two VISion. guides the members in building proj- conseguences. One, it weeds out those ects, takes them on field trips to in. students who are not suited to engi- Awards will be given out at an dustrial plants, and obtains speakers neering and science before they get a awards luncheon in the Big Ten Room who give talks on their special fields, chance to flunk out in college. Second- of Kellogg Center on May 13. The such as thermodynamics or aerody- ly, it prepares the serious students awards for the exhibits are: red and namics. for the type of study done in college. blue medallions, signifying excellent By 1958, the JETS had grown so Through this, JETS has done a great and superior achievement, slide rules, large, with 365 chapters, that it had deal to promote technical and scientific and drawing instruments. The speaker to be reorganized as a national, non- pursuits among the potential engineers for the luncheon will be from the Air profit society. The headguarters is in of tomorrow. Force Systems Command. Dr. Lorin Miller, Dean of the Col. lege of Engineering until 1954 and one of the founders of JETS, will be l~"" ~1 honored at the luncheon along with RAD 0 CONTRQLED ROBOT outstanding pilots(leaders of the JETS groups in the high school) and in- dustrial co.ordinators. f .~.i .• I.. This is a sample of the work being done by members of JETS, but how did it come into being? In 1950, Dr. Miller and Prof. Skamser of the MSU College of En- gineering started a club whose purpose was to introduce high school students to the applied sciences, so that they would become aware of the opportuni. ties and challenges connected with a technical career. The name, Junior En. gineering Technical Society, was cho- sen with an eye on the initials. Miller and Skamser wanted the club's initials to indicate the forward.moving ideas and applications of science to be util- ized in running the clubs. 13 May, 1961 AUTOMATIC HIGHWAYS Take a nap while zooming along on the highway of the future Edited by J eanJlette ldcC/ ees, E.E. Photos courtes)' IVestinghouse Electric Corp. UNDER A NEW concept for mass highway systems might be constructed. The carners would be operated in transportation put forward by Westing- Airborne conveyances, monorails, elec- strings of 3 to 10 units under normal house engineers, a high-speed electri- trified trains, self-propelled trains and conditions. The only factor limiting cally driven system of "Roller Roads" other concepts were considered. Only the number of carriers would be the would transport groups of automobiles the Roller Road, however, seemed to length of the loading platforms. and their occupants at speeds up to offer the reliability needed without Guide wheels operating against the 150 miles per hour or commuters at sacrifice in other essential require- rails at either side of the Roller Road speeds up to 75 miles per hour. The ments. would steer the carriers along the roadway would consist of a series of Essentials of the new concept are rollers. As the only rotating devices rubber rollers powered by individual as follows: The conveyances which on the carriers, these wheels could motors and spaced approximately 20 feet apart to resemble inverted roller- carry automobiles will be devoid of also be used to power generators to skates. These rollers would both sup- all apparatus whose failure might supply light and heat inside the car- port and propel the flat-bottomed car- cause a highway shutdown or delay. ners. riers in which automobiles and pas- Each lane of the highway will be a The drive package for each roller sengers would travel. continuous, computer-controlled system would consist of a three-phase induc- of individually powered rollers, re- tion motor, a torque coverter, a brake, The Roller Road has potential for ceiving electric energy from neighbor- solving problems of highway traffic and a reduction gear. The time re- ing interconnected electric utility sys- quired for a 1100-foot string of 10 congestion and metropolitan rapid tems. This roller system will not only transit service in the near future. The carriers to pass over a given roller at be the highway surface, but will ac- new high-speed highway would pro- 150 mph is about 5 seconds. Conse- celerate the conveyances, keep them vide more reliability and safety than quently these motors would work for moving once accelerated, and provide 5 seconds and then would idle until any proposal \X'estinghouse has seen braking power at proper locations. the next conveyance came along. The for solving the country's very complex The conveyances will be stopped at motors thus could be heavily "over- transportation problems. fixed stations where the automobiles loaded" for short peak intervals, grc:at- The number of automobiles in the will be loaded and unloaded automati- ly reducing their size. The mechanIcal U.S. (61,000,000 presently) is expect- cally to achieve uniform loading in brake would be included on each ed to exceed the 100,000,000 mark in minimum time. roller to provide for emergency stops the 1970's. Consequently, conventional anywhere along the highway. Each carrier would be approximate- methods of inter city turnpike travel ly 110 feet long. Provision would be A loading and unloading time of will be inadequate, so Westinghouse m~de for 10 automobiles plus a lounge one minute was set as a goal in order engineers examined ways in which new wIth rest room facilities. to maintain an average speed of 120 (Continued on Page 18) 14 Spartan Engineer "IT'S HERE-IF YOU WANT TO WORK FOR IT" Even before Ron Spetrino received his engi- touches on the specs for this $1,600,000 project. neering degree from Case he had good job offers Today, as a Supervising Engineer, Ron heads from six companies. a staff of five engineers and is responsible for He joined The Ohio Bell Telephone Company telephone switching in much of the greater -his reason: "I was convinced an engineer could Cleveland area. go further here-if he was willing to work for it." He supervises the design and purchase of $3 million worth of equipment a year. And even As soon as Ron got his feet on the ground more important, he is charged with developing in telephone engineering, he was tapped for a the technical and managerial skills of his statT. tough assignment. The job-to engineer switch- ing equipment modifications needed to prepare Ron knows what he's talking about when he Cleveland for nationwide customer dialing of long says, "In this business you have to do more than a good job. We expect a man to be a self-developer. distance calls. We expect him to take responsibility from his Ron wrapped it up in five months, and found first day on the job and think for himself. You he had earned a shot at another tough assignment. don't get ahead around here by just doing time." In this job Ron helped engineer a completely new If you want a job in which you're given every long distance switching center for Cleveland. This chance to prove yourself, and real responsibility switching center connected Cleveland with the right from the start-you'll want to see your Place- nationwide customer dialing network. It was ment Officefor further information. about a year later that Ron put the finishing "Our number one aim is to have in all management jobs the most vital, intelli- gent, positive and imaginative men we can possibly find." @ FREDERICK American R. KAPPEL, President Telephone & Telegraph Co. BELL TELEPHONE COMPANIES 15 May, 1961 ... is a rare and marvelous possession. It is to be coveted and protected-nourished and encouraged-given freedom for expression, and, at the same time, intelligent guidance. At Delco Radio Division of General Motors we have an appreciation for talent-the kind of talent which led Delco to a position of leadership in the fields of electronics and solid state physics. Armed with this background and men of proven abilities, we intend to assault the challenges of the future. We have unusual opportunities for ambitious young men with new ideas-new talent. If you're interested in becoming a part of this aggressive Delco, GM team, write to Mr. Carl Longshore, Supervisor-Salaried Employment, for additional information-or talk with our representative when he visits your campus. @LCO RADIO DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS KOKOMO, INDIANA 16 Spartan Engineer HOW FORGED PARTS help airplanes haul bigger payloads In an airliner, every pound of weight saved is worth hundreds of dollars ... in revenue-making payload. And in military aircraft, pounds saved mcan added miles-per-hour ... or added load carricd. In commercial products ... trucks, cars, matcrials.handling cquipmcnt ... the pounds of dead weight you eliminate by using forgings makc money year-after-year for the operator. The forging proccss Icts you put thc mctal exactly where you need it to carry thc load, withstand shock or vihration, endure torsion. And with not a surplus ouncc of non-working weight goillg along just for the ride. Forged parts are the designer's friend ..• strong whcre strength is necdcd, lowest in weight, twice-worked by original rolling of the best mctals plus the hammer blows or high pressures of the forging process. Write for literature to help you specify, design, and procure forged parts. Drop Forging Association' Cleveland 13, Ohio Names of sponsorin, companies on "quest to thi, maltuine 17 May, 1961 HIGHWAYS (Continued from Page 14) mph over the highways. Drivers in- tending to board a carrier would place their cars on dollies at platforms ad- jacent to the highway. This would be the last action required of the driver until he and his car were automatically unloaded at his destination. Computer-controlled lights would indicate to a driver which spaces were empty on the approaching carrier. When the carriers stop, automatic devices attached to the station plat- form raise the proper doors on each side of the carriers. With the doors raised, a mechanical device would push the dolly and the car onto the carrier. The corresponding dolly on the carrier, whether or not it carries an automobile, is pushed off the car- rier on to the other side of the plat- form. The caniers rest 011 alld are propelled by the series of rollers showil Consideration was given to the pos- sibility of people driving automobiles here. The two rails serlle to guide the carriers alollg the rollers. on and off the carriers, but was dis- carded because of the uncertainties of human behavior. The computer con- trol for the system would dispatch strings of carriers at proper intervals, provide protection against rear-end col- lisions, and control the automatic load- ing and unloading at stations. A high-speed system of this kind would offer many advantages. It could handle conventional toll road traflic at twice the speed. Its capacity could be increased with little expense by running more than 10 carriers to- gether as an operating unit. It could carry high-class freight in containers at speeds comparable to the airlines. It would be an all-weather route, in- vulnerable to delays f rom fog, ice, slc:et or snow. It could carry passengers who desire to travel without their auto- mobiles. The same principles could be applied to produce an excellent rapid transit system for large urban com- munities such as San Francisco, Los Angeles or Pittsburgh. \Xfestinghouse pointed out that "the major problem in an automatic system designed to handle the tremendous traffic of modern turn pikes is that of reliability in the propulsion system. \Xfhile the Roller Road concept natur- ally introduces many problems, it co- compasses the only propulsion which seems to offer the reliability plan ~-/~ ~~--~~, 7- needed to make a high-speed system Sket~h showillg. aut.omatic loading statio 11 for cars alld their ocCII- of this kind workable." pallts (/IOllt of carner IS remolJed in sketch). 18 Spartan Engineer OUT OF THE LABORATORY Bringing space down to earth ... this drive secondary power systems using solar or laboratory space capsule is designed to measure nuclear energy are opening up vast new worlds man's physiological and psychological limits and of exploration and career achievement for engi- test life support systems under simulated space neers in the space age. A world leader in the development and manu- flight conditions. Now scientists will be able to facture of major systems and components for study, simultaneously, the space flight stresses of aircraft and missiles as well as advanced flight high altitude, acceleration, heat and isolation. vehicles, The Garrett Corporation provides an Developed and being built by Garrett's AiRe- orientation program lasting a period of months search divisions for the U.S. Air Force's Wright for the newly graduated engineer, working on Air Development Division, this ground test space assignments with experienced engineers in labora. capsule is an example of Garrett's research leader- tory, preliminary design and development projects. ship in life support and secondary power systems Should you be interested in a career with The for space vehicles for long duration flight at zero Garrett Corporation, write to Mr. G. D. Bradley gravity. Development of these life support systems in Los Angeles. utilizing cryogenic gases and efficient turbine CORPORATION 'l'HE t1iResearch Manufacturing Divisions Los Angeles 45, California Phoenix, Arizona 0 )THER DIVISIONS AND SUBSIDIARIES' AIRSUPPLY.AERO ENGINEERING 0 AlRESEARCH AVIATION SERVICE 0 GARRETT SUPPLY 0 AIR CRUISERS "RESEARCH INDUSTRIAL 0 GARRETT MANUFACTURING LIMITEDo MARWEDELo GARRETT INTERNATIONAL S.A.o GARRETT 'JAPAN> LIMITED 19 May, 1961 SIDETRACKED Salesman: "This slide rule is some- And then there was the freshman Prof: I say there, you in the auto-- thing you'll really need. It will do half who thought a logarithm was a for- your tubular air container has lost its your work for you." ester's song. roundity. Up and coming freshman engineer: CE: Come again. "Fine, I'll take two." * * * Prof: I said, the cylindrical appara- Professor: "Tell us what you know * * * tus which supports your vehicle is no about nitrates." A Chinese visitor was heard to ob- longer symmetrical. serve: "Funny people, you Americans. Chem. E: "I don't know much about CE: What? You take a glass and put sugar in it them except that they're cheaper than day rates." Prof: The elastic fabric surrounding to make it sweet and lemon in it to make it sour. Then you put whiskey the circular frame whose successive in it to make it hot and ice to make it * * * revolutions bear you onward in space cold. And then you say, 'Here's to has not retained its roundness. Concluding his lecture a college you,' and then you drink it yourself." professor started to dismiss the class CE: What's that? * * * when a student called out: "Professor, Little boy: Hey, bud, you gotta flat Prof: "If in running down this ramp have you any documentary proof to tire! I gain live feet per second, what will support the things you've been telling us.)" be my condition after 25 seconds?" * * * Phys. Major: "You'll be a centi- Since the talk had been about life pede." on other planets, the professor admit- CLASSROOM QUOTES ted that he hadn't any proof. * * * "Until you do produce proof," said "It should now be obvious that ... " It was the sleepy time of the after- the student, "do you mind if I call "\'{fe now make a few evident as- noon. The professor droned on and you a liar?" sumptions ... " on; formulas, constants and ligures. An engineer, sitting in the second "Not at all. Tell me, were you born "By making use of the conservation row, was unable to restrain himself a human or an animal?" of energy, conservation of linear and and gave a tremendous yawn. Un- angular momentum, Maxwell's equa- "A human, of course." fortunately as he stretched out his arm tions and the lirst and second laws of "Have you your birth certilicate thermodynamics, we lind that we may he caught his neighbor squarely under with you?" the chin, knocking him to the floor. readily derive ... " \'{f orried, he bent over the prostrate "No, but-" "Using the relations learned in form just in time to hear a murmur, ."We.lI, until you produce it, do you freshman math ... " "Hit me again, Sam. I can still hear mmd If I call you an impertinent " ... giving us a simple and power- him." jackass ?" ful theoretical tool." 20 Spartan Engineer Monorail "Airtrain" - a compact, high- Monorail design demands strong, And Nickel Stainless Steel is n naturnl speed transportation system that will be weight-saving metals. Logical choice: for skin and trim on cars-its excelhmt automatic and practically noiseless. Nickel-containing materials such as strength-to-weight ratio permits thin- Construction is now being planned by nickel steels for the basic structure, ner gauge body shells for dead-wei~ht leading U.S. cities to provide efficient, nickel steel castings for underframes, reduction, its handsome finish stays low-cost urban transit. Lightweight trucks, other load-bearing assemblies. virtually maintenance-free. How Inco Nickel helps engineers make new designs possible and practical When engineers design a transit system, a nuclear ocean liner, or a gas-turbine car, chances are Nickel, or one of its alloys can help the equip- ment perform better Nickel-contain- ing metals can pr'ovide valuable combinations of corrosion resistance, ductility, workability, and strength at extreme high and low tempera- tures. Over the years, Inco has developed new alloys and gathered data on the performance of materials - 11111111111111 under demanding service conditions. This data is available to help solve Magnetic memory. This tiny part takes future metal problems. 38 billion light years - that's how far advantage of the unusual magnetic be- Write to Inco Educational Services this 66-story telescope can "s~e" into havior of a twisted high-nickel alloy -:ask for List" A". You'll find descrip- space. Nickel in steel gave e~gll~eers a wire. Interwoven wire can store thou- material tough enough to mam~am pre- sands of "bits" of information magnet- !Ions of 200 Inco publications cover- cision in the rotating mechamsm ~ven ically, ready to answer the computer's InfS applications and properties of with anticipated 20,000 ton lo~d. NlC~el Nickel and its alloys. call. When twisted, this high-nickel used in steel members provided high alloy shifts magnetization direction The International Nickel Company, Inc. strength at minimum weight to support from longitudinal to a helical path. 67 Wall Street, New York 5, N. y: the giant reflector. Th ~ INTERNATIONAL NICKEL I t .. tional Nickel Company of Canada, LImited (Inco-Canada) e International Nickel Company, Inc., is the U.S. affihat~ of TShie ~ ern; Ifur and Platinum Palladium and Other Precious lIletals. - producer of Inco Nickel, Copper, Cobalt, Iron Ore, TellUrium, e emum, u ' 21 May, 1961 BOOK REVIEW "ULTRASONICS AND ITS INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS" by O. I. Babikov - Russian . 224 pages, 6 x 9, with illustrations and dIagrams Consultants Bureau Enterprises, Inc., $9.75 The concept of ultrasonic oscillations and other for ultrasonic flaw detection and ul trasonic flaw basic ultrasonic topics are thoroughly explained in detection with un dampened oscillations. Illustrations the first chapter of the book by means of plain words and diagrams are included to aid in the understand- and mathematical equations. ing of the two methods. Examples of ultrasonic flaw A logical approach to the subject is followed detection in industry are also given. throughout the book. Following the first chapter Practical applications touched on more than is the discussion of mechanical means for the genera- briefly are: 1) the investigation of the microstruc- tion of ultrasound. The magneto-striction and piezo- ture of metals and measurement of elastic constants; electric effects are eXplained with the aid of mathe- 2) ultrasonic pulse methods of physical-chemical an- matics, illustrations, and schematic diagrams. alysis; 3) machining hard and brittle materials by After one has digested the first two chapters, ultrasonics; 4) aluminum soldering and plating; thus providing for a good foundation of the subject, 5) ultrasonic cleaning; 6) metallurgical effects of he will then be prepared to make the transition from ultrasonic processing. the theoretical to the pragmatic view of ultrasonics. From chapter three to end, the book deals with Any inquiries concerning "Ultrasonics and Its the practical applications of ultrasonics. This begins Industrial Applications" should be addressed to: with the explanation of the two methods used for Consultants Bureau Enterprises, Inc., 227 W. Seven- ultrasonic flaw detection; namely the pulse method teenth Street, New York 11, N. Y. Why America's state highway engineers give first choice to Modern High-Type Asphalt Pavement: The graph on the left shows you that in 1958 a/one the use of high-type Asphalt pavement increased 618% over 1940. This is because advances in engineering know-how, in Asphalt technology and in the develop- ment of the mechanical paver have made modern, high-type Asphalt pavement the first choice of highway engineers. Its more economical MILEAGE BUILT ANNUALLY construction and low maintenance costs have saved many millions of BY STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENTS tax dollars and kept America's wheels rolling. MILES 2\.000 Recent engineering advances have developed new, DEEP STRENGTH Asphalt pavement which will provide even bet- HIGH - TYPE ter performance and greater pavement economy in the future. BITUMINOUS 20.000 II The tax savings possible will amount to millions of dollars and will ..... y \/\ mean more and better local and interstate roads for our nation. I Your future success in civil engineering can depend on your knowledge 1\.000 of modern asphalt technology and construction. Send for your free "Student Kit" about Asphalt technology. Prepare for your future now! Ribbons of velvet smoothness ..• 10,000 ASPHALT-paved Interstate Highways THE ASPHALT INSTITUTE Asphalt Institute Building, College Park, Maryland \.000 "- r------------------------ I Gentlemen: Please send me your free student portfolio -} / PORTLAND I on Asphalt Technology and Construction. / o "' ...... / CEMENT CONCRETE II NAME ----- 'CLASS -- "O'1424)UU~'41~U'~'SI~'~'~'~'~~'~ I ADDRESS -- I CITY-- --5S.TATE - SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Public Roads I SCHOOL .------------- -------- 22 Spartan Engineer there's room o o o o · ~t S;IKORSKY AIRCRAFT A "stream-oj-action" environment with unusual growth possibilities should be a major factor in a choice of career. And that's an excellent reason for considering carefully the opportunities existing in Sikorsky Aircraft. We believe that our company is just the "right-sized stream". Young engineers can enjoy diversified, small- group activities, as weII as stature opportunities in a field that is wide open to the expression of imagination and professional competence. Sikorsky Aircraft is the company which pioneered the modem helicopter. Our current program is far-ranging and is recognized as one of the broadest and most challenging in the entire aircraft industry. Work associations are stimulating and in an atmosphere of progress. Assignments could include joining an elec- tronic team of twenty to thirty associates-or-working with a highly selective group of four or five on interest- ing problems of radiation, instrumentation, auto pilot- age, automatic stabilization, etc. If you want to enter this "stream-oj-action", the time is now. Opportunities for personal progress have never been greater. For detailed information about careers with us, please write to Mr. James L. Purfield, Employment Supervisor. STRATFORD ___ -,1 SiKORSKY AIRCRAfT CONNECTICUT DIVISION OF UNITED AIRCRAFT CORPORATION 23 May, 1961 KNOW YOUR HONORARIES ADVERTISER'S INDEX Pi Tau Sigma is an honorary mechanical e~gi- Allison Division of General Motors II neering fraternity, es~ablished t~ foster the hIgh American Telephone & Telegraph 15 ideals of the engineenng profession. The Asphalt Institute 22 Tau Epsilon, the M.S.U. chapter of Pi Tau Si$ma Bethlehem Steel 10 was formed on the campus in 1949 and was offiCIally Convair 2 recognized by the national fraternity in 1950. Delco Radio 16 Although the social activities are limited to the Drop Forging Association '" 17 initiation banquets, the Tau Epsilon Chapter t~k.es E. I. DuPont 3 part in a number of other activities,. such. as exhlblt.s Eastman Kodak Company .;. of an academic nature at the engmeenng exposI- tion. An important project initiated rece~tly is the The Garrett Corporation 19 L. C. Miller Award to honor the outstanding sopho- General Electric Company :::* more engineering student in mechanical engineering. The International Nickel Co 21 Scholarship is a necessary, although not su~cient Malleable Casting 6 requisite for membership in Pi Tau Sigma. De,slrable Sikorsky Aircraft ............................... 23 character traits are also prime prerequisites. A pros- U. S. A. F - . pective member must be at least a junior in the col- U. S. Steel Corporation ,;,,;,,;, lege of engineering and preferably have completed two terms of the mechanical engineering curriculum, * Inside Back Cover and stand above average in scholastic record. ** Back Cover *,;,* Inside Front Cover TAU BETA PI Tau Beta Pi is an all engineering honorary, hav- ing as its purpose: "To mark in a fitting manner neering eXpositIOn and other activities sponsored those who have conferred honor upon their Alma by the engineering council. Mater by distinguished scholarship and exemplary character as undergraduates in engineering, or by ETA KAPPA NU their attainments as alumni in the field of engineer- ing, and to foster a spirit of liberal culture in the Eta Kappa Nu is an honorary fraternity for stu- engineering colleges of America." dents in electrical engineering. Its purposes are. to Activities of Tau Beta Pi include, the annual promote scholarship, to recognize the outstand.mg presentation of a slide rule to the sophomore engi- students, and to further the profession of electncal neering student who in his freshman year achieved englneenng. the highest scholastic record, as well as other activ- Members are elected from the junior and senior ities to promote scholarship among the engineering classes in electrical engineering on the basis of out- students. standing scholastic work and character. Members are chosen from junior engineering The local chapter holds business meetings about students who rank in the upper 12V2% of their class and seniors in the upper 20%. every three weeks during the school year. Thes~ meet- ings are usually attended by some guest who IS we~1 acquainted with some field of interest to the electn- CHI EPSILON cal engineers. Other activities include grouP. ~nd individual exhibits for the engineering expOSItIOn. Chi Epsilon is the national civil engineering hon- orary fraternity. Its purpose is to bestow honor upon PHI LAMBDA TAU those civil engineering students of outstanding char- acter who have demonstrated exceptional scholastic Phi Lambda Tau is a local all engineering honor- ability. The members are elected from the upper ary for students outstanding in scholarship, leader- one-third of the junior and senior classes in civil ship, and activities. Members are chosen from the engineering. top half of the junior and senior classes. The activities of Chi Epsilon include bi-weekly Activities of Phi Lambda Tau are: regular meet- meetings which are professional and social in nature; ings; selection of the outstanding senior engineer bi-annual banquets; and participation in the engi- and participation in the engineering exposition. 24 Spartan Engineer If your sights are set on research and development- -you'll find Photography at Work with you RESEARCH and development engineers find photography one of their most versatile tools. Camera and film can record the readings of instrulllents- can capture for study the fleeting transient on the oscilloscope face. The content and structure of metals can be st udied by photospectrography or x-ray diffraction. And stresses in paris are visualized by photographing plastic models with transmitted polar- ized light. There's hardly a field on which you can set your sights where photography docs not playa part in simplifying work and routine. It saves tillle anu costs in research, on the production line, in the engineering anu sales departments, in the office. So in whatever you plan to uo, take full advantage of all the ways photog- raphy can help. CAREERS WITH KODAK: With photography and photographic proc- esses becoming increasingly important in the business and industry of IOmorrow, there arc new and challenging opportunities at Kodak in research, engineering, elec- tronics, design, sales, and production. If you are looking for such an interesting opportunity, write for informati~n about careers with Kodak. Address: Busmess and 'Ieehnieal Personnel Department, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester 4, N. Y. Jet heat blast of more than 15,000 degrees Fahrenheit flares over surface of an experimental nose cone shape in a physics la~or~tory of Avco Research and Advanced Development Division, WIlmmgton, Mass., EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Rochester 4, N. Y. One of a series] Interview with General Electric's Francis J. Boucher Manager-Manufacturing Personnel Development Service How Good Is Your Best Job Offer ••• a. Mr. Boucher, with all the job inter- • what salary potentials are pos- choose his field by interest and by views 0 graduating engineer goes sible with respect to the future? capability. I might also add that through, how can he be reasonably • what about geographical location because of this, he is more valuable sure he has made the right choice? -now and in the future? to the Company as an employee. A. This is a good question because • what effort does the Company a. Then you feel that a training pro- few seniors have enough work ex- make to establish and maintain a gram is the best alternative for a perience in industry, government professional climate? graduating engineer? and educational institutions to There is more to these questions A. Not always. Some seniors have allow them to make a fully rea- than meets the eye and I think already determined the specific soned choice. However, I think the you would enjoy reading Dr. field they are best suited for in first step is to be sure that short- Saline's paper. terms of their own interests and term factors like starting salary a. What about the openings on de- capabilities. In such cases, direct and location don't outweigh long- fense projects that are listed in the placement into this specific field range factors like opportunity and various magazines and newspapers? may be more advantageous. Pro- professional growth. All of these A. Presumably, there will always fessional self-development for these factors should be evaluated before be a need for technical manpower employees, as for all General Elec- makin~ a final commitment. in the defense business. But I tric technical employees, is en- a. But you do feel that starting salary want to point out to you that most couraged through a variety of is important? of these opportunities are for ex- programs including the Company's A. Very much so. If you are mar- perienced personnel, or personnel Tuition Refund Program for work ried-it may be an even greater with specific additional training re- toward advanced degrees, in-plant consideration. But you should also ceived at the graduate level. courses conducted at the graduate look beyond starting salary. Find a. How do you feel about training level, and others designed to meet out, for example, if the company programs? Do they offer any particular individual needs. you are considering has a good advantages over any other offer I O. For the record, how would you salary administration plan. If there might accept? rate a job offer from General Electric? is no way of formally appraising A. I feel training programs are par- A. I've tried to get across the need your performance and determining ticularly helpful in easing the tran- for factual information and a long- your appropriate rewards, you run sition from an academic to a range outlook as the keys to any the risk of becoming dissatisfied business environment. Of course good job evaluation. With respect or stalemated due to neglect of they provide formal training de- to the General Electric Company, these important considerations. signed to add to the individual's seniors and placement offices have a. What considerations do you feel basic fund of knowledge. They access to a wide variety of infor- should be evaluated in reaching a job also provide working experience in decision? mation about the Company, its a variety of fields and a broad professional environment and i~s A. . Let me refer you to a paper knowledge of the company con- personnel practices. I think qua It- wntten by Dr. L. E. Saline, now cerned and its scope of operations. fied seniors wi\l also discover that ~anager of Information Systems Upon completion, the individual is General Electric offers professional In our Defense Systems Depart- generally better prepared to decide opportunity second to none-an? ment. It is titled "How to Evaluate the direction in which he will pur- starting salaries that are competI- Job ~ffers." (Incidentally, you may sue his professional career. tive with the average offered obtam a copy by writing as di- General Electric conducts a num- throughout industry today. From ~ected in t~e last paragraph.) In ber of training programs. Those the above, you can see that I I~, Dr. Saltne proposes six ques- tions-the answers to which should that attract the greatest number would rate a job offer from General give you much of the information of engi~eers are the Engineering Electric very highly. you'll need for an objective job- and S.clence, Manufacturing, and Want more information about offer evaluation. He suggests you Technical Marketing Programs. General Electric's training pro- determine ... Each combines a formal, graduate- grams? You can get it, together • to what degree will the work be level .study curriculum, on-the-job with a copy of Dr. Saline's pape;, challenging and satisfying? expenence, and rotating assign- "How to Evaluate Job Offers • what opportunities are available ments.. There is little question in by writing to "Personalized C~- to further develop abilities? my mmd that when an engineer reer Planning," General ElectrIC • what opportunities are there for completes the Program of his Company, Section 959-15, Sche- advancing i~ the Company (and choice, he is far better prepared to nectady 5, New York. how dynamiC the Company is in the marketplace is an important aspect of this question). GENERAL _ ELECTRIC