........... t r. \,/, II,"'''''' IBRARY r-"' ~ . ~II.J. . ~ 1-' .~ - 1/" ~ ........... "','\ - I r ~ ~~- r ~ ? ...... .. ~ t:; / "". , / y II\ l( u..... ~/ "J_ ~/ ENGINEERS: For full information on rewarding career opportunities at Westinghouse, an equal opportunity em- ployer, write to l. H. Noggle, Westinghouse Educational Department, Ardmore & Brinton Roads, Pittsburgh 21, Pa, To catch an atom ... Did you know that only one in every 140 uranium atoms found in nature can be split to produce usable nuclear energy? It takes fantastically intricate equipment to capture these elusive atoms. The people of Union Carbide are doing it in a plant at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, large enough to hold 35 football fields. ~ Many people thought the uranium separation process too complex to work. For example, pumps had to be developed, that run faster than the speed of sound ... filters made with holes only two-millionths of an inch across. Union Carbide scientists and engineers not only helped design such a plant and made it work, 20 years ago, but they have been operating it ever since. Union Carbide also operates other vital nuclear energy installations for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. One is Oak Ridge National Labora- tory, the largest nuclear research center in the country. ~ To handle such big research and production jobs requires big, experienced industrial companies. It is only because of their extensive resources and skills that it is possible to take the giant steps needed to bring laboratory developments to fUll-scaee production quickly and successfully .• A HAND IN THINGS TO COME •• : I WRITE for the booklet, "Union Carbide's Twenty Years in Nuclear Energy." January 18,1963, marked the 20th anniversary of the Corporation's work at Oak Ridge. Union Carbide Corporation, 270 Park Avenue, New York 17, N. Y. In Canada, Union Carbide Canada Limited, Toronto. March, 1963 \ IN MICROWAVE/CARRIER Collins has openings for M. E.'s, 1. You'Jl be helping to design the finest equipment I.E.'s, E.E.'s and graduate level physicists in design, built. 2. You'Jl have the opportunity of working on research and production in these fields: ~ both military and commercial projects - such as COLLINS GROUND COMMUNICATION high density multiplex, high speed data communica- ANTENNA RESEARCH ~ AVIATION ELECTRONICS tions, integrated communication systems, telemetry DATA SYSTEMS and remote control, and transportable systems. And AMATEUR C. P. Nelson Collins Radio Company BROADCAST you'Jl stay right with a project until completion. Dallas, Texas COMPONENTS 3. You'Jl be with one of the nation's leading growth GENERAL SYSTEMS DESIGN L. R. Nuss Collins Radio Company companies with plants in the locations listed at right Cedar Rapids, Iowa and facilities throughout the world. 0 Contact your E. D. Montano Collins Radio Company placement office, or write to the CoIlins engineering Newport Beach, California center nearest you. 2 Spartan Engineer Your future in engineering is his business He's a Monsanto Professional Employment representa- futures about the future Monsanto offers you in research. tive. He's your representative, too ... your link between engineering, manufacturing and marketing. campus and company. His knowledge of Monsanto is See your Placement Director to arrange an interview complete, and he's especially qualified to counsel with when we visit your campus soon. Or write for our you regarding your future. new brochure, "You, Your Ask him about Monsanto's diversity-in geography, Career and Monsanto," to activities, products-that means ever-expanding op- Professional Employment pOrtunity for the young man of exceptional promise. Manager, Department EM-3, Ask him about Monsanto's research-mindedness, how Monsanto Chemical Com- it helps develop your creativity. Ask this expert in pany, St. Louis 66, Missouri. All QUALIFIED APPLICANTS Will RECEIVE CONSIDERATION WITHOUT REGARD TO RACE, CREED, COLOR OR NATIONAL ORIGIN 3 March, 1963 NORMAL CHEEKIHG CRANKPIH AND STOCK MAIN JOURNAL CORED Eliminate Draft Allowance Metal In designing surfaces perpendicular to a parting line, Desired Size Without Excess Weight minimum draft angle requirements can be important to These same crankshafts are excellent examples of how finished cost. By changing these automotive crankshafts to eliminate metal that serves no function. Crankshaft to high strength pearlitic Malleable iron castings, the draft main journals and crankpins are usually.solid because angle on sides of counterweights was reduced to one-half of the method used to form them. Made of pearlitic of one degree. This eliminated all excess stock formerly Malleable iron, these areas can be cored out. This sub- required in forming ... and the machining operations to stantially reduces the weight of the crankshaft ... with remove it. no loss in functional strength. Put Metal Only Where It Is Needed Start Closer To The Finished Part The deep recess at the base of this automotive transmis- The versatility of aesign inherent in Malleable castings sion gear was formerly machined out. Now manufactured can save tremendous amounts of money. Final cost of of pearlitic Malleable, the recess is created as the part is this part was cut 50% by converting to a Malleable casting. , cast. This eliminates buying unnecessary metal ... and A single core provides the sleeve hole, bolt hole, hOriZontal! reduces machining time and cost. slot and vertical slot ..• before any machining is done. Put High Strength Metal Only Where YouWant It With Malleable Castings Casting is the most direct method of forming metal parts. Of Send for this 16 page Malleable Engineering Data Fife. You will find this informative brochure is an excellent reference piece. all castable metals, Malleable iron provides the greatest strength per dollar. Malleable also combines excellent machinability, ductility, fatigue resistance, design versatility, low start-up cost, and low production cost. Available in tensile strengths up to 120,000 p.s.i., Malleable castings offer the designer a wealth of opportunities to improve quality and trim costs. MALLEABLE FOUNDERS SOCIETY • UNION COMMERCE BUILDING. CLEVELAND 14, OHIO 4 Spartan Engineer WORLD'S LARGEST LABORATORIES FOR RESEARCH ON PORTLAND CEMENT AND CONCRETE How PCA helps keep you up-to-date on concrete after you leave engineering school At Skokie, Illinois, near Chicago, neers to help them create concrete you'll find the $10,000,000 Research structures of even greater safety, and Development Laboratories of the economy and endurance. Portland Cement Association. Here is And across the country, every work- the world's largest assembly of scien- ing day, PCA field engineers call on tists, engineers and equipment project engineers to bring tnem vital devoted exclusively to the study of information on the newest advances portland cement and concrete-for in concrete construction. the benefit of everyone. This research, educational and tech- And at Association headquarters in nical assistance is made possibleby the Chicago, other engineers, writers and more than 75 member cement com- specialists prepare technical litera- panies who voluntarily support the ture. This is provided free to engi- Portland Cement Association. PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION Stoddard Building, lansing 23, Michigan A national organization to improve and extend the uses of portland cement and concrete March, 1963 5 Assignment.- Dnd new ways to reduce vehicle weighl Action: Now under Army test, a Ford-designed glass filament torsion bar that's lighter, stronger, more flexible than steel "Looks like you've got something there," the Army Tank Command said in effect to Ford Motor Company engineers. "Let's do a feasibility study on tracklaying military vehicles." The story begins in 1957 when Ford engineers conceived the idea of a plastic-bonded glass filament torsion bar for vehicle suspension systems. It was a revolutionary departure from the use of solid steel. It promised dramatic weight savings in battle tanks, in personnel carriers and other military vehicles. For example, as much as 1,000 pounds MOTOR COMPANY in medium tanks. The American Road, Dearborn, Michigan Compared to steel, the tubular-shaped glass filament com- WHERE ENGINEERING LEADERSHIP BRINGS YOU BETTER-BUILT CARS position has greater energy storage potential-is stronger and more flexible under heavy load. It may well prove to be the automobile suspension material of tomorrow ... cars suspended on glass! Another example of engineering leadership at Ford and new ideas for the American Road. 6 Spartan Engineer Variety: the spice of life at American Oil by r)(~ "When I was first interviewed by American Oil representatives I was told I'd be given a free hand in guiding a wide variety of projects. This promise has certainly been kept!" Jim Koller, 25 years old, came to American Oil right out of the University of Wisconsin where he earned his Bachelor of Science degree in Chemical Engineering. An Evans Scholar at Wisconsin, Jim describes his job at American Oil this way: "I work on basic chemical engineering problems, specializing in reactor design and process development problems. Before a process can go commercial, it must be tested in pilot plants. That's where I come in." Jim wants to stay in the technical research area, and plans to enroll in the Illinois Institute of Technology night school for courses in advanced mathematics. The fact that many gifted and earnest young men like Jim Koller are finding challenging careers at American Oil could have special meaning for you. American Oil offers a wide range of new research opportunities for: Chemists-analytical, electrochemical, inorganic, physical, polymer, organic, and agricultural; Engineers-chemical, mechanical, metallurgical, and plastics; Masters in Business Administration with an engineering (preferably chemical) or science background; Mathematicians; Physicists. For complete information about interesting careers in the Research and Development Depart- ment, write: D. G. Schroeter, American Oil Company, P.O. Box 431, Whiting, Indiana. IN ADDITION TO FAR-REACHING PROGRAMS INVOLVING FUELS, lUBRICANTS AND PETROCHEMICALS, AMERICAN Oil AND ITS AFFILIATE, AMOCO CHEMICALS, ARE ENGAGED I N SUCH DIVERSIFIED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AS: New and unusual polymers and plastics. Organic ions under electron impact • Radiation-induced reactions • Physiochemical nature of catalysts. Fuel cells. Novel separations by gas chromatography • Application of computers to complex technical problems. Synthesis and potential applications for aromatic acids. Combustion phenomena • Solid propellants for use with missiles • Design and economics: new uses for present products, new products, new processes. Cor- rosion mechanisms • Development of new types of surface coatings. ~ ~iilaiiii: STANDARD OIL DIVISION STANDARD AMERICAN OIL COMPANY .\11. March, 1963 7 Sporton Engineer VOLUME 16 NO.3 MARCH, 1963 9 DEAN'S LETTER 12 FROM PHEND 16 FACULTY REVIEW 20 MACHINE WITH AN ELEPHANT'S MEMORY 22 SPARTAN ENGINEERS 32 INDUSTRIAL LIMELIGHT 34 MISS ENGINEER 38 HOW TO MAKE A UNISPHERE 42 MSU NEWS NOTES 49 SIDETRACKED 50 MICHIGAN ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY 53 PRACTICAL FUEL CELL 56 ADVERTISER'S INDEX editor ..•.....•••.•..••••.•••••.•..•.•. PAUL ADAMS business manager •••••.• ROBERTA HUFFMASTER managing editor ..••..•.•••.•.•.•.•.•••••••••••.•.•• SHARYN SMITH circulation JOE DEVET staff SP AR T AN ENGINEERS Member, Engineering College Mogazine Associated Chairman: Professor Charles E. Wales, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan Publisher's Rep.: Uttell-Murroy-Bornhill, Inc. advisors J. RYDER 369 lexington Ave., New York 17, N. Y. 737 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111. T. FARRELL J. STOKELEY Published four times yearly by the students of the COLLEGE Of ENGINEERING, MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, Ead laMing, Michigan. D. McGRADY The office is on the third floor of the Student Services Bldg., phone 355-8298. Second class postage paid in E. lansing, Michigan, under \X'. MciLRATH act of March 3, 1879. H. PHEl\:D Subscription rote by mail S\ .00 per yeor, Single copies 2S cents. 8 Spartan Engineer Dean's Letter This is a message to the Seniors -- and to those who hope to be one day. You have received here an education in mathematics and the basic engineering sciences which, given equal effort on your part, will place you on a par or ahead of graduates of other engineering schools. As yet, you are our best class, based on overall performance, but the Juniors are pushing you hard for honors next year, and there are Sophomores and Freshmen behind them who will challenge all. We do not think we graduate any whowill not represent us well in future years--and the placement personnel of the industries who visit annually ask eagerly for more of you. But let us not expand your hat size further; you know little of actual engineering, and your total education is indeed incomplete. It is the responsibility of industry to continue your engineering training, our society will provide opportunities for furthering and broadening your cultural education. There is much of engineering art and a practice which cannot and should not be taught on a campus, but must be learned where that art originates -- in the laboratories and production depart- ments of industry. We hope you have chosen for your future employer one who is willing to accept his responsibility in furthering your engineering skills and your technical abilities-- who offers you such training as a responsibility to the profession, and not solely for pri- vate gain. You face forty years of continuing education--your wholeprofessionallifetime--and we venture the prediction that upon retirement you will be continuing that practice which we sincerely hope we have taught you--that you will still be learning to learn. J. D. Ryder, Dean 9 March, 1963 Opportunities are better than ever at Bethlehem Steel! What has Bethlehem Steel been doing lately? ••• designing and buUding nuclear-powered naval vessels ••• moved into new research laboratories unexcelled by those of any industry ••• building new mills, the last word in steelmaking technology ••• fabricating and erecting steelwork for the nation's great structures Bethlehem Steel is one of the largest ers report to our general head- steel producers ... one of the larg- quarters in Bethlehem, Pa., early est industrial corporations ... one in July. They attend a basic course of the largest structural steel fabri- of five weeks, including talks and cating and erecting operations ... discussions by top Company offi- and the largest privately owned cials, educational films, and daily shipbuilding and ship repair or- plant visits (this circuit, or "loop" ganization. through a steel plant, is what gave the course its name). The Loop Course is not a probationary period. After completion of the basic course, every looper receives his first assignment, whereupon he goes through another, more spe- cialized, training course before be- ginning actual on-the-job training. loopers are Career Men We select qualified men for the Loop Course on the basis of their of them engineers. There are about potential for careers in manage- 2,000 loopers on the job today at ment. In most years we enroll over Bethlehem, at all levels of man- a hundred graduating seniors, most agement, in our General Offices, and in all of our diverse operations, which include steel and manufac- I < turing plants, research, sales, min- But mere size is only a part of the ing, fabricated steel construction, story. Throughout Bethlehem Steel and shipbuilding. the key word is new. New facilities, new products, new ways of doing Read Our Booklet things-exciting new developments providing rewarding careers for The eligibility requirements for able and energetic young men who the Loop Course, as well as how join this organization through the it operates, are more fully covered Loop Course. in our booklet, "Careers with Bethlehem Steel and the Loop What is the loop Course? Course." Copies are available in most college placement offices, or The Loop Course is our program may be obtained by writing to designed specifically to train men Manager of Personnel, Bethlehem for management careers. New loop- Steel Company, Bethlehem, Pa. An equal opportunity employer BETHLEHEM STEEL 10 Spartan Engineer Opportunities at Du Pont for technical graduates-fourth of a series ¥ ~ ~ >;.'~~~ i '~~, ~ Right now Du Pont needs many new mechanical, electri- in industry appeals to you, write us. Use our coupon. cal, civil, chemical, instrumentation, industrial and sys- You'll receive information about employment opportuni- tems engineers, along with chemists, physicists and ties at Du Pont, and, if you like, about DYCRIL Photo- mathematicians. polymer Printing Plates. The reason why is very simple: Du Pont manufactures and sells more than 1200 products. And new ones are being developed every day. Take DYCRIL@ Photopolymer Printing Plates, pictured BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING ••• THROUGH CHEMISTRY above. We started producing them in 1961. But we had An equal opportunity employer been working on them since 1948. Between these two dates we spent $10 million on research and development. r--------------------------------------, I E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.) Hundreds of top-flight technical men spent thousands of : Nemours Building, Room 2531-3, Wilmington 98, Delaware hours making DYCRIL commercially acceptable. I Please send me the literature indicated below. I And with DYCRIL, as with all of our products, it will I o Ou Pont and the College Graduate take a continuing flow of man-hours to make sure that it I o MeChanical Engineers at Ou Pont I I o Engineers at Ou Pont is manufactured in sufficient quantity-and of optimum I o Chemical Engineers at Ou Pont quality-to satisfy growing customer demand. I I o Information about OYCRIL : Name _ You can see that, with hundreds of diverse products : Class ,Major Degree expected _ being produced in many plants across the nation, tech- : College, _ nical men-many of whom were in college, like yourself, : Myaddress, _ just a few years ago-shoulder big responsibilities. : L City Zone_state _ ~ If you're a technical man, and a challenging future 11 March, 1963 No task makes greater demands on firsthand, and we have felt acutely the to experiment, to revise and to innovate. the joint wisdom and foresight offacul- pressures for increased enrollment. Our aim in the College of Engineering ty and administration than that of con- at Michigan State University is to lead taining and directing the forces of ex- Many colleges of limited enrollment in the exploration of these many new pansion and growth. Avenues of oppor- have flattered themselves from time to paths and to provide the model of ex- tun i t Y open in different directions. time that they are concerned only with cellence for undergraduate as well as Among these possibilities we must make the training of "leaders." For most graduate education in an age in which choices and some of these choices are this is an illusion, if not an arrogant science and technology have become hard. There was a day when great uni- presumption. No college can be so the dominant forces of culture. versities spoke of all knowledge as their wise or skillful as to compose a fresh- The s e are high and worthy goals. province, but no university in fact was man class exclusively of young people Their achievement will be by no means ever entitled to make such a claim. indelibly marked for success. easy, and many of the remedies that are In these times of rapid scientific and perennially suggested for the improve- technological advance, Michigan State There is, however, a kind of leader- ment of instruction will prove inade- University, even in its own limited ship to which Michigan State University quate or unfeasible. It goes without say- domain, cannot take unto itself all may very properly aspire. The modern ing that there must be fine teachers fields nor seek to be supreme in every world holds out extraordinary oppor- and good laboratories. There must be promising endeavor. Out of the total tunities to graduates in science and en- understanding and a sincere concern range of possibilities for growth and gineering. Yet the rate of advance on for the problems of the undergraduate development, we must single out cer- every front has of late been so swift, --and that concern does exist on our tain areas for our own special concen- the impact of science upon society so faculty. But the environment and meth- tration, and these choices ought to be profound, that both the substance and ods of a great university will always the natural consequence of a plan and processes of education are in manyar- differ profoundly from those of the of a philosophy. The shaping of that eas totally outmoded. There is at pres- secondary school to which the student plan is a matter of the utmost concern ent in the United States the most ur- has been accustomed. By no conceivable for the taxpayers, for the faculty and gent need to examine the premises means can it be arranged that each in- for the administration. It is an appro- upon which we build the professional dividual student throughout his under- priate subject for continuing discussion educa tion of an engineer or a scientist. graduate years shall be the object of and the interchange of views. The demands in rigor and in depth upon constant attention and supervision by purely technical competence have never senior professors alone. It is, nonethe- The College of Engineering at Michi- been so great. At the same time, the less, those senior professors, renowned gan State University is keenly sensitive desirability of further dimensions in in many fields of scholarship, who set to the urgent need for scientists and breadth become increasingly apparent. the tone, the temper, and the standards engineers at every level of professional We must consider the possibilities of of the entire university. The best that competence. Our ties with industry and new systheses in the entire plan ofpro- any university can offer is the oppor- government are such that we have fre- fessional training at the undergraduate tunity to learn in the company of those quent occasion to observe this need level. We must be prepared constantly scholars. 12 Spartan Engineer Electronic Engineers, Physicists, Mathematicians, BS-MS-Phd Virtually all of the advanced READOUT technical disciplines involved in large electronic system complexes are embraced in OF YOUR PROFESSIONAL the R&D programs at the 17-laboratory organization at Sylvania Electronic Systems. Study the chart below POTENTIAL to see if your chosen field of endeavor is listed. AT SYLVANIA ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS APPLIED EASTERN CENTRAL WESTERN RESEARCH OPERATION OPERATION OPERATION LABORATORY Laboratories Williamsville. Mountain View. Waltham, at Waltham, New York California Massachusetts Massachusetts Advanced Electronic Central Research and Communications Defense Lab; Facility lor Needham, Systems Reconnaissance Entire Division Massachusetts Laboratories Systems Lab Advanced Systems Planning. Advanced P'"ased Array • • Antenna Systems Aerospace Systems Research • • •• • • ••• & Development Airborne Instrumentation • Antenna Research & Development •• • Command & Control Systems Communication Techniqu~ Re.- • search & Systems Development Data Processing & • • • Display Systems R&D ECM & ECCM Techniques •• • • •• Electronic Tactical Warfare Systems • Information Handling Systems Intelligence & • • Reconnaissance Systems • •• IR Sensor Techniques Microwave Research • • & Development Microelectronics Research • •• •• •• ••• Navigation Techniques Operations Research • Optical Data Sensing Systems • Radio & Radar Research Reliability • •• •• • Speech & Character Recognition Research Solid State Device& •• •• Simulator Systems Systems Integration Techniques •• •• UHF-VHF Circuit & Component Design • • • For further informalion, contact your College Placement Director Now consider the opportunity for personal growth offered by our parallel advancement plan. Here, you can pursue your career as an or write to Mr. Robert T. Morton. Engineering Specialist, choose Technical Management or go into Prol(ram/Project Management. In all cases, the rewards and ad- vancement opportunities are equal. Sylvania Electronic SYSlemS is a major division of Sylvania Electric ProduCIS Inc., and provides over-all syslems engineering 40 Sylvan Road - Waltham 54, Massachusetts and management on major government projects for the parent com- pany, General Telephone & Electronics. AN EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER U. S. Citizenship required March, 1963 13 At ITlIDllir your search for knowledge never ends @ At IBM, engineers and scientists are working on some of The objectives of IBM scientists and engineers are to the most-advanced areas of technology. The study of this synthesize available knowledge, probe new concepts, and new world of data processing technology may lead to develop new techniques. The end results are new ways to significant achievements in research, development, and broaden the applications and effectiveness of data pro~- production-new methods, new systems, and new equip- essing systems for science, defense, government, busI- ment for extending the reach of man's mind. Seeking ness, al')d industry. For example, thin-film circuitry is being basic answers, IBM is embarked on a wide range of re- developed that will increase the speed, versatility, and search and engineering projects that include the theo- economy of future systems. In addition, experimental ma- retical and practical aspects of: simulation information- chines have been devised to read handwritten numbers, retrieval systems ... magnetic memories chemistry ... and many styles and sizes of printing. Other laboratory machine organization ... radiation effects mechanical analysis ... and mathematics. work involves information retrieval and automatic machine recognition of voice commands. IBM extends the reach of man's mind C Because the search for knowledge never ends at IBM, The IBM advanced-education program provides financial data processing discoveries and achievements provide a support for earning graduate degrees in the field of the challenging framework for career opportunity in many new individual's choice, or for branching out into new areas. IBM education programs cover on-site training, advanced- areas of activity. Scientists and engineers can build a rewarding professional future, finding new insights while degree courses at universities nearby, and competitive, contributing to IBM's progress in fields such as: mag- full-time scholarships leading to M.S. and Ph.D. Degrees at a university selected by the employee. IBM, an Equal netic thin films, cryogenics, optics, semiconductors, or Opportunity Employer, offers a company-paid benefits solid-state miniaturization. The challenges are varied and program designed to meet the individual's needs as well great-and career opportunities just as unlimited-in as his family's. For details, see your p'lacement officer or dat~ processing, systems design, applications, circuit- write to: Manager of Employment, IBM Corporation, Dept. logic studies and design, mathematical research, and ad- 915,590 Madison Avenue, New York 22, N. Y. vanced programming techniques. C,963, International Business Machines Corporation FACULTY Dr. James L. Lubkin During his leisure hours, one of our him. He was project head for analytical including the design and application new College of Engineering pr:>fessors and experimental study of short-time of s t r a i n gage dynamometers and here at Michigan State, Dr. James L. (IO-microsec.) impact on plates. The torquemeters, vibration and motion Lubkin, might be found in one of Mich- analysis was carried out using the transducers, electrical instrumenta- igan's forests trying to sight his three Mindlin-Uflyand plate theory, allowing tion and recorders. hundred and ninety-fifth species of for rotary inertia and shear. Dr. Lub- bird. A glance at Dr. Lubkin's back- kin was also project head for a study During this period, Dr. Lubkin was ground, however, reveals a very few of how to apply electronic computers a part-time teacher at the University of these "leusure" hours. to the analysis of piping flexibility in of Connecticut with the title of Lec- complex systems, and to rigid-framed turer. He taught six graduate courses Dr. Lubkin received, from Columbia structures. He collaborated with Y. L. (M.S. level) including: elementary and University, a Bachelor of Science de- Luke on a study, for Wright Air De- advanced vibrations, elasticity theory, gree in November 1944, in Mechanical velopment Center, of the natural modes advanced engineering mathematics, and Engineering; a Masters of Science de- and frequencies of delta-wing (trian- advanced strength of materials (a two- gree in October 1947, also for Mechan- gular) plates. Dr. Lubkin served as part course.) ical Engineering; and his Ph.D. in May project head for analytical research 1950, specializing in applied mechan- on stresses in adhesive joints, in col- Dr. Lubkin will be working in two ics. laboration with Prof. Eric Reissner departments at State: the Department (consultant.) It is this subject that Dr. of Civil Engineering and the Depart- In May of 1950, Dr. Lubkin became Lubkin considers his specialty. ment of Metallurgy, Mechanics, and affiliated with the Engineering and Ap- Materials Science. As he puts ip. "I plied Physics Division of Midwest Re- In February of 1956, Dr. Lubkin be- have much learning to do since I have search Institute in Kansas City, Mis- came a charter staff member of the two organizations to slip into." Be- souri. From 1950, through January Central Research Laboratory, Ameri- cause Dr. Lubkin arrived on campus 1956, he added many accomplishments can Machine & Foundry Co. in Conn. after the beginning of the term, he will to his wide background ofexperience in It was here that he organized and ran be helping Dr. Cutts with one course engineering. a laboratory working on the circular and getting settled. In spring, he will sawing of wood and metals. This work teach CE880-Matrix methods for the Dr. Lubkin conducted and supervised required acquisition and design of lab- analysis of structures, and AM 813- analysis calculations of the interior oratory machinery and instrumenta- Theory of Elasticity. Dr. Lubkin ex- ballistics, longitudal and torsional vi- tion, active supervision of research pects to become a graduate advisor brations of recoilless weapons, as well equipment construction, and various for masters and doctoral candidates. as some experimental vibration meas- studies of saw vibration and cutting Through this, he expects to become urements. Numerous classified re- efficiency. This led to considerable involved in considerable research ac- ports on this subject were prepared by experience in the experimental field, tivity. 16 Spartan Engineer REVUE by John B. Locke Dr. Donald S. Gage "My research interests, in the field of circuits and principles of machines. trical and Electronics Engineers (for- of s e m i-conductor devices, include Returning to Northwestern in 1958, merly the Institute of Radio Engineers), avalanche multiplication, radiation ef- Gage taught nine different courses the American Association of Univer- fects in semi-conductors, and epitaxial ranging from junior classes in physical sity Professors, and has been active in processes for making semi-conductor electronics and applied differential the National Electronics Conference. devices," says Dr. Donald S. Gage, equations to graduate courses in semi- a new electrical engineering professor conductor theory and on semi-conduc- Gage's main interest in the depart- at State. When he is not pursuing one tor devices. He held summer jobs on the ment of electrical engineering Is the of these areas of research or teach- technical staffs at the Bell Telephone Pilot Program of the same department. ing, however, Gage, with his wife, may Laboratories, Hughes Semi-conduc- This program, started two years ago, be found preparing to sing in the choir tors, and the Gas Dynamics Labora- involves a complete revamping of the at the University Methodist Church. tory at Northwestern University. Gage curricular for juniors and seniors. The is presently employed, in addition to primary objective of the program is to Gage received his B.S. in Electrical his duties at State, as a consultant to bring this curriculum up to date with Engineering in 1953 from Northwest- Boeing Airplane Company for problems the times. Dr. Gage will be working ern University, and his M.S. and Ph.D. dealing with transient radiation ef- this summer to renew the Materials from Stanford University in 1954, and fects in semi-conductors. sections. This spring, he will be teach- 1958, respectively. At Stanford, he ing courses in this Pilot Program and taught sophomore courses on principles Gage belongs to the Institute of Elec- a course in the regular curriculum. March, 1963 17 FACULTY REVUE by John B. Locke Dr. Shanker lal "Technical Education in India is ex- versity in India from where he re- of Me c h ani c a I Engineering at the panding at a very rapid rate" said Dr. ceived the Intermediate Science De- Tharpar Institute of Engineering and Shankar Lal, visiting professor of Me- gree. His Bachelor of Science Degree Technology, Patuala. He comes toMSU chanical Engineering here at MSU. was obtained with honors fro m the from Auburn University where he was Banaras Hindu University and his Dip- visiting Professor of Mechanical En- He went on to explain that the number loma of the Indian Institute of Science gineering last year. During this per- of technical institutions awarding en- was given by the Institute of the same iod he has taught graduate and under- gineering degrees has more than treb- led in the past fifteen years. Further- name in Bangalore. The latter was a graduate courses in thermodynamics, post-graduate diploma. fluid mechanics, gas dynamics and heat more, the educational system which is fashioned largely after the British, is transfer. slowly changing and being influenced There are now nearly a score of by the American system. institutions in India that offer post- As research engineer at the Natural graduate education in engineering and Gas Turbine Establishment inU.K., Dr. "One of the reasons why I came technology. But, in the early 40's, LaI worked on problems connected with here," Dr. Lal explained, "is to get a there were none. So Dr. Lal went over- high speed flow through cascades. He fir s t-hand knowledge of American seas and studied at the Imperial College was also associated with the National teaching methods and institutions." of Science and Technology, London, Luchvaart Laboratorium in Holland In the British system the responsi- from where he obtained the Diploma of where he worked on the evaluation of bility of instructing and examining are the Imperial College in Aeronautics. test-flight data of the then newly de- usually not entrusted to the same indi- He accomplished his Masters Degree veloped Fokker 511 aircraft. vidual. A school in India, be it a high in Aeronautics at LondonUniversity and school or a university college, has received his Ph.D., also in Aeronau- Dr. Lal has worked on problems as- primarlly only the responsibility of in- tics, from the California Institute of sociated with de-icing of low-drag wing structing the pupil, while the University Technology in Pasadena. S e c t co ris, comprehensible boundary to which it is affiliated has the respon- layer theory and performance of liquid sibility of appointing examiners, having Dr. Lal has served as a lecturer and rocket propellants using aerodynamic the candidates examined and awarding then an assistant professor in Mechan- heating. Currently, problems of epi- degrees. It was in this way that Dr. ical Engineering at the Banaras Hindu hydrodynamics hold Dr. La!' s research Lal received his school certificate from University. He has been the acting Head interests. He is also working on a four- Cambridge University in 1938. of the Department of Mechanical En- volume series of text-books on basic gineering at Roorkee University and mechanical engineering subjects to be Dr. Lal then studied at Patna Uni- Professor and Head of the Department used in schools in India. 18 Spartan Engineer Life sciences study effects of long range space travel The life sciences group at The Garrett Corporation is con. tory subjects over long periods of time, to definitively eval- cerned with the reaction of living organisms to their environ- uating the effects of re-entry acceleration on human beings. ment, and the development of environmental systems to Garrett also designs, develops and manufactures environ- support such organisms. mental control systems for this country's major manned . Intensi.ve investigation is now being conducted at Garrett spaceflight programs, including Project Mercury, Gemini In all major areas of the life sciences-microbiology, neuro- and Apollo. physiology, psychology, biochemistry, biophysics and related For information about other interesting projects and the ~reas-to study the relationships of man to his environment many career opportunities with The Garrett Corporation, In extended space travel. These studies vary in scope from write to Mr. G. D. Bradley in Los Angeles. Garrett is an determining the effects of near vacuum conditions on labora- equal opportunity employer. THE GARRETT CORPORATION. AiResearch Manufacturing Divisions. Los Angeles 9, California. Phoenix, Arizona. other divisions and subsidiaries: Airsupply-Aero Engineer- ing • AiResearch Aviation Service. Garrett Supply. Air Cruisers. AiResearch Industrial • Garrett Manufacturing Limited • Garrett International S. A .• Garrett (Japan) Limited March, 1963 19 THE MACHINE with an ELEPHANT'S MEMORY 3600 computer at MSU l --- :600 ,. I'" I I '.I if , • 1'" ..... ~ ~" ~::J. .- ~... s - .. .::~ .. II .~ MSU Photo Service 20 Spartan Engineer have up to eight, for a total of 262,144 51-bit words) the system here at MSU will be using the external magnetic tape units through the 160A. These magnetic tape units provide a large permanent s tor age memory system which also increases the storage ca- pacity of the 3600. by John Callahan Perhaps the newest computer avail- able, the 3600, is expected to relieve the current overload on the Mistic and 160A computers. The extremely high speed and large capacity of the 3600 computer combined with the flexibility and expansion characteristics of the 3600 is expected to provide MSU with a The Michigan State Computer Center INSTALLATION powerful computing tool. will soon receive a new million dollar The computer itself will be installed computer installation. The 3600 com- on the second floor of the Computer PROJECTED USE puter installation is a new system being Center in a specially constructed room. produced by Control Data Corporation. A sub-installation on the first floor The 3600 has a large mission to per- Michigan State will be the first to re- will supply a temperature and humidity form. Michigan State's first large com- ceive one of these installations. controlled environment in the computer puter, the Mistic, has been operating room. The air is also filtered to re- at capacity for some time now. The The computer itself consists of four move dust particles. The sub-installa- 160A, acquired last year, has relieved separate modules: computing, storage, tion is now nearing completion and the some of the strain, however the demand communications (input-output), and the computer units are scheduled to be for computer time far exceeds the cur- opera tore-maintenance con sol e. The installed in April. The entire computer rent capacity. Many programs are being computing mod u I e, designated 3604, installation should be operational soon sent to universities and the surrounding performs the arithmetical and logical thereafter. areas for running on computers there. operations. It also translates commands With the completion of the 3600 it will for sequencing operations. The com- be possible to handle at the campus the munication module, designated 3602, FLEXIBILITY programs sent out now. At the same governs the input-output operations of The basic 3600 system has provisions time, the expanded capacity of the 3600 the 3600. It contains an arithmetic for many additions and modifications. will make possible research and prob- and control section, a storage access Although the basic system is usually lem solving which would not have been control section, and is provided with furnished with four bi-directional input- attempted before due to the lack of eight input-output channels. Four data output channels, the system to be in- available computer time. input-output units are supplied with the stalled here at MSU will utilize only system. The storage module, desig- two of these. However instead of the nated 3603, consists of a magnetic normal input equipment, this installa- The users of the Computer Center core storage unit with a capacity of tion will use the 160A computer (a are many. The chemistry department, 32,768 51-bit words. It provides a high- computer already in use here) as a data the physics department, the engineer- source. The 160A will, in turn, have ing department, the economics depart- speed, random access storage unit. The three data input-output sources. The ment, and the agriculture department operator-m a in ten a n c e console is combination of card punch and 160A all make extensive use of the facilities. equipped with all the controls neces- computer will provide, in effect, four There are several computer classes sary to operate the computer. using the Computer Center and much data sources while using only two of the 3600's data channels. Since the 3600 is use is made of the computers by re- In addition to the four basic units, capable of using up to eight data chan- searchers. With the arrival of the 3600 the installation will utilize Input-Output nels, there will be tremendous room much more computer time will be un its consisting of a car d reader for expanding the system. Not only does available to all departments. (rate: 250 cards per minute), a card punch (100 cpm), a line printer (1000 the 160A serve as a data source for the 3600, but the computing units of the CLASSES lines per minute, 120 characters/line), 6 magnetic tape inputs (83,500 charac- 160A increase the capacity and versa- ters per second), and the 160A com- tility of the 3600 system. Classes to instruct students in the puter (acquired by MSU last year) to use of the 3600 were begun some time which the card reader, magnetic tape Furthermore the computing system ago. When the installation is ready for and line printer will be attached. itself can be expanded. Up to three use there will be a backlog of persons communication modules can be added, capable of utilizing the facilities. All of these units combine to produce each having eight input-output data a large-scale, stored program, gen- channels. (That's a total of 32 and, us- FORTRAN eral-purpose digital computing system. ing the 160A, 34 data channels I) The 3600 utilizes a system of pro- Calculations and data processing is per- Computing modules can also be added gramming known as Fortran. This is a formed in a parallel binary mode. In- for greater arithmetic and logical ca- simplified system of programming in structions are executed step-by-step pabilities (provided the total number of which the computer itself prepares and are stored internally along with the communication and computing units part of its program. Fortran permits data. Entirely solid state, the computer does not exceed five). In addition to the the use of more familiar mathematical uses transistor amplifiers and diode magnetic core units (it is possible to Continued on page 46 logic units. 21 March, 1963 SPARTAN ENGINEERS by Becky Pagel In fall of 1962, MSU saw the forma- Although these people are now as- ing students. Also, the heads of science tion of a new organization in the College sistants, next year the Spartan Engi- departments from schools in the Mich- of Engineering. T his organization, neers will assume complete responsi- igan, Indiana, and Ohio areas are invited Spartan Engineers, is composed ofout- b i 1i t Y for publishing the magazine, to the Exposition with their outstanding standing freshman students in Engin- which appears four times a year. science students. This committee is re- eering who are acting as a nucleus sponsible for the arrangements of send- group to create a new and more vigor- Spartan Engineers is divided into ing the Honors College Bulletin to all ous interest in the College and its var- five standing committeees, with each members to keep them informed of col- ious functions. undertaking certain projects. Public loquiums and seminars of interest. Fur- Relations, Engineering Exposition, thermore, Public Relations will be Membership is available to anyfresh- Seminar and Program, Finance, and sending articles concerning the organ- man or sophomore engineering student Special Projects are the committees ization to the home town newspapers of who is a National Merit semi-finalist. specifically provided by the Constitu- each Spartan Engineers' member. At the present time there are 39 Spar- tion. tan Engineers. The Finance Committee, with Dave The Engineering ExpositionCommit- Gantz as chairman, is making arrange- tee, headed by Jon Dann, has a busy ments for a banquet as the semi-cli- Among the first tasks of the group max of the Engineering Exposition. schedule for the months ahead. This were the drawing up of a Constitution group is the coordinator of the many The banquet will be at the UnionBuild- and the electing of officers. The fol- activities of the Junior Engineering ing on Saturday, May 4th. This com- lowing officers are serving until the Technical Scoeity (Jets) National En- mittee is also sending its members end of spring term: chairman, James gineering Exposition to be held at as speakers to various high schools with Hudek; vice-chairman, Warren Wil- Michigan State this May 3-5. Jets is a Jets Chapters. These people inform liams; secretary, Becky Pagel. national organization to promote par- the students about numerous facits of ticipation in engineering on the high the engineering program at Michigan The Spartan Engineers as a whole school level. The interest and ability State. have engaged in several activities dur- of individuals is tested by these Jets ing the past two terms. Many of the Clubs. 39 states are to be represented, The Seminar and Program Commit- members have been granted undergrad- with high school students entering both tee, with chairman Tom Hewett, seeks uate research assistantships, a capac- projects and research papers on a num- out interesting programs for the Spar- ity in which they do outside work indi- ber of subjects. Held in conjunction with tan Engineers meetings. Among the vidually with a specialist in their par- this will be the annual College of En- speakers provided by the committee ticular field of interest in the College. gineering Exposition. The arrangement were Dean Ryder of the College of En- of entrees and elements of the judging gineering and Dr. Hess from Honors Guiding tours for such groups as are to be decisions of this committee. College. The Dean showed slides taken Sigma Xi, Engineering Alumni, and during his trip to India, and he told of high school students participating in Joe Devet, the chairman of Public the Engineering opportunities in that the Distinguished Alumni Scholarship Relations, has kept his committeefunc- country. Dr. Hess discussed the dif- Tests have been a regular duty of the tioning at a rapid rate. One of the main ferent types of education, as well as members. Also, the staff of the Spar- efforts of this group is the publicizing information on beneficial courses of the tan Engineer Magazine is composed of of the Jets Engineering Exposition. This University. A special program is a number of the engineering students. is being accomplished in two ways. planned for spring term to which all en- Included in these are John Callahan, Letters are being written to two thous- gineering freshmen will be invited to Joe Dever, Lester Zischke, Orville and industries, inviting their personnel promote interest among all the students Barr, John Stephenson, and Becky Pa- men to the Exposition to view the in this category. gel. achievements of high school engineer- CUlll illll(.d (JII /)(1/.:(' -+ H 22 Spartan Engineer I ~ 1I , j Photos by Mark Krastof Continued on next page March, 1963 23 24 Spartan Engineer March, 1963 25 TARBET OF OPPORTUNglES I LING TEMCO VOUGHT Opportunity for professional advancement, on.the.job orientation and engineering challenge ... you'll find this and more with ling.Temco- Vought. From the first you'll work with experienced technical personnel in an engineering climate that encourages imagination and spontaneity. And because LTV is one of the nation's most active participants in almost every phase of the challenging aerospace, communications and military electronics fields, you can determine the type of promising position which will contribute most to your professional growth .• Get first. hand information on LTV's projects and products by picking up our brochure at your Placement Office. Then contact our College Relations representative. Ask about the company's extensive resources, education assistance and liberal company benefits. Ask, too, about Dallas - a modern city noted for its warm, sunny climate. Then review LTV's ground.floor growth opportunities for graduates holding degrees in Aero- nautical, Mechanical, Industrial, Electrical and Civil Engineering or Math, Physics and Metallurgy .• For further information, visit your Place- ment Office or write College Relations Office, Ling.Temco.Vought, Inc., P. O. Box 5907, Dallas 22, Texas. An equal opportunity employer. &CZ?~ LINGiJ-TEMCO-VCJVGHT, INC. Dallas Area Divisions: CHANCE VOUGHT CORP./TEMCO ElECTRONICS/TEMCO AEROSYSTEMS/CONTINENTAL ELECTRONICS 26 Spartan Engineer J "What responsibilities will you start with at W. E.?" Exciting ones. With plenty of room for your profes- and testing techniques are required. Opportunities sional development. Western Electric's business for fast-moving careers exist now for electrical, me- depends on new ideas. And new engineers take re- chanical and industrial engineers, and also for physi- sponsible, immediate part in projects that implement cal science, liberal arts and business majors. the entire art of telephony-including electronic tele- For more detailed information, get your copy of the phone offices, computer-controlled production tech- Western Electric career opportunities booklet from your niques and microwave transmission. On many of these Placement Officer. Or write College Relations Coordi- exciting advances in communications, Western's en- nator, Western Electric Company, Room 6305, 222 gineers work closely with engineers from our research Broadway, New York 38, New York. And be sure to team-mate, Bell Telephone laboratories. For Western arrange for a personal interview when the Bell System Electric to maintain the Bell System's ultra-high qual- recruiting team comes to visit your campus this year- ity standards, extraordinary manufacturing, process or during your senior year. Western Electric MANUFACTURING AND SUPPLY UNIT OF THE BELL SYSTEM ~ An equal opportunity employer Principal manufacturing locations in 13 cities • Operating centers in many of these same cities plus 36 others throughout the U. S.• Engineering Research Center. Princeton. New Jersey' Teletype Corooration. Skokie, Illinois; Little Rock. Arkansas • General headouarters, 195 Broadway, New York 7. New York 27 March, 1963 AT PRATT & WHITNEY AIRCRAFT ... YOUR EYES CAN BE ON THE STARS SPECIALISTS IN POWER ••• POWER FOR PROPULSION-POWER FOR AUXILIARY SYSTEMS. S. CURRENT UTILIZATIONS I NCLU'ii"E'A'lRCRAH, MISSILES, SPACE VEHICLES, MARINE ANO INOUSTRIAL APPLICATiON BUT YOUR FEET MUST BE ON THE GROUND The glamour and excitement of space age programs often obscure a fundamental fact. 1t is simply that farsightedness must be coupled with sound, practical, down-to-earth engineering if goals are to be attained. This is the philosophy upon which Pratt & Whitney Aircraft's position as a world leader in tlight propulsion systems has been built. Almost four decades of solid engineering achievement at Pratt & Whitney Aircraft can be credited to management's conviction that basic and applied research is essential to healthy progress. III addition to concentrated research and development etl'orts on advanced gas turbine and rocket engines, new and exciting effects are being explored in every field of aerospace, marine and industrial power application. The challenge of the future is indicated by current programs. Presently Pratt & Whitney Aircraft is exploring the areas of technical knowledge in magnetoh.1'drodl'namics ... Ihermionic and thermo- electric conversions ... hypersonic propulsion ... fuel cells and nucll'ar power. 1f you have interests in common with us, if you look to the future but desire to take a down-to-earth approach to get there, investigate career opportunities at Pratt & Whitney Aircraft. To help move tomorrow closer to today, we continually seek ambitious young engineers and scientists. Your de. gree? It can be a B.S., M.S. or Ph.D. in: MECHANICAL • AERONAUTICAL • ELECTRICAL • CHEMICAL and NUCLEAR ENGINEERING. PHYSICS. CHEMISTRY. METALLURGY. CERAMICS. MATHEMATICS • ENGI. NEERING SCIENCE or APPLIED MECHANICS. The field still broadens. The challenge grows greater. And a future of recognition and advancement may be here for you. For further information regarding an engineering career at Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, consult your college placement officer or write to Mr. William L. Stoner, Engineering Department, Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, East Hartford 8, Connecticut. Pratt & Whitney ~ircraft U DIVISIONOF UNITi=:lRCRAFT CORP. CONNECTICUT OPERATIONS EAST HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT FLORIDA OPERATIONS WEST PALM BEACH, FLORIDA hl [qual OpPClftunity Emplayer JET ANNUAL NATIONAL ENGINEERING EXPOSITION and CONFERENCE NORTH CENTRAL DIVISION MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY East lansing, Mich. MAY 3-5, 1963 Projects and T echn ico I Po pers to be entered in the followi ng categor ies: Aeronautical (Astronautical) Engineering Geological Engineering Agricultural Engineering Mechanical (Industrial) Engineering Chemical Engineering Metallurgical Engineering Ceramic Engi~eering Nuclear Engineering Civil-Architectural Engineering Tool Engineering Electrical Engineering Petroleum Engineering Electronic Engineering Mathematics 30 Spartan Engineer I "'"'. -. ~ If, ,, , Richard E.Covert,lowa State BSME '62, utilizes an analog computer to study heat transfer transients and their effect on the control mecha- nism of a mobile military compact reactor being developed by the Alli- son Division of General Motors un- der contract to the Atomic Energy Commission. Covert is one of sev- eral young engineers now engaged in various studies connected with nuclear powerplant engineering programs at Allison . • NUCLEAR ENERGY CONVERSION-For the last 5 years, Allison, the energy conversion Division of General Motors, has participated in the design of various nuclear powerplants requiring compactness and low weight. Work on these projects has resulted in the compilation of a formidable back- ground in nuclear systems engineering for space and terrestrial powerplants. Announcement by the Atomic Energy Commission of the selection of Allison as prime contractor for development of MCR (Military Compact Reactor) now creates opportunities for well-qualified Engineers and Scientists in a long- range program in the nuclear field. The MCR is a lightweight, completely self-contained nuclear reactor power system-easily transportable by truck, aircraft or rail-designed to provide packaged power for a wide variety of applications. It will have a high temperature, liquid metal cooled reactor coupled to a power conversion system. Incorporating long plant life characteristics compatible with military field equipment, the powerplant is expected to reduce the burden which shipment and storage of petroleum imposes on combat forces. Along with its nuclear, missile and space activity, Allison is maintaining its enviable position as designer and producer of air-breathing engines. Recent developments include advanced types of turboprop engines for greater power with maximum fuel economy and without increase in engine size; a compact lightweight turboprop selected as the powerplant for the Army's next generation of Light Observation helicopters, and thermally regenerative gas turbine engines for a wide range of vehicular and industrial use. Perhaps there's a challenging opportunity for you in one of the diversified areas at Allison. Talk to our representative when he visits your campus. Let him tell you first-hand what it's like at Allison where * "Energy Conversion Is Our Business." AIl IS OIl. THE ENERGY CONVERSION DIVISION OF An equal opportunity employer GENERAL MOTORS, INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA March, 1963 31 l" INDUSTRIAL LIMELIGHT by Shoryn Smith Water Immersions of Hydroplanes. SPARTON CORPORA TION Buggy parts to sonar detectors. Wars into the sea, where it detects under- tem transmits and records tempera- and top engineering talent paved this water sounds and transmits them to the ture and depth data from the sea. road for the Sparton Electronics, div- dispensing aircraft or other suitable ision of Sparton Corporation, Jackson, radio receiving stations. In the field of communications and Mich. navigation, Sparton Electronics used the newest developments in circuity, Other areas of production are ocean- modular and miniturization techniques Sparton, once the manufacturer of ography, communications and naviga- and navigation equipment, which are buggy parts in a small plant, now is a tion, special products and precision constructed of light-weight metals to leader in the design, development and electro-mechanical devices of unus- insure a long life. Equipment includes: production of electronic products for ually high reliability. High reliability, airborne instrument landing system; military use. Thirty years of technical demanded by the Space Age is a by- receiver; electronic monitor receiver; knowledge and manufacturing experi- word at Sparton Electronics, while frequency division data link receiver. ence in radio, television and commer- quality is combined with modern tech- cial electronics plus top engineering niques to meet all commitment deliv- A wide ran g e of transformers, talent knitted the highly integrated team eries on time, including short term chokes, and coils, as well as special- that has won recognition for Sparton cycle crash programs. ized test equipment are designed and in military electronics. produced at Sparton when commercial Progress was the key word at Spar- COntracts are not available. The Sparton Electronics division, ton in 1962 and more progress is the located in a 210,000 square foot mod- word for the future. Engineers com- Quality assurance operations spe- ernized building in Jackson, is the pleted Sparton's first modern electric cify that all equipment must meet largest of three Sparton corporate el- computer, miniaturized an important Sparton quality standards; that prod- ectronics facilities in North America. sonobuoy system, designed a new Very ucts fully meet all contractual require- High Frequency receiver for the Air ments; and are responsible, in part, Force, and developed the first ultra- for field service. With more than a decade of experi- reliable miniature limit switch. ence, Sparton electronics is a leader Per s onnel, experience, equipment in the design, development and pro- and techniques are forged together to duction of sonobuoys for the Depart- A signal data converter, signal data assure the quality of the equipment in ment of Navy, Bureau of Naval Weap- converter control, bathythermograph accordance with customer specifica- ons. transmitter set and other equipment tions. The quality assurance depart- have been integrated by Sparton Elec- ment maintains a full range of equip- The sonobuoy is an expendable item, tronics to form a complete, accurate ment for inspecting finished productS designed to be dropped from an aircraft bathythermograph system. This sys- Continued on page 53 32 Spartan Engi neer Above - General production area, it varies as the equipment made. Right - More testing of the product. Below - Floating underwater acoustic lab. March, 1963 33 MISS ENGINEER IIse Steins Fashions by Scotch House - r\,'. ' ~ Pbotos by Mark Krastoj 34 Story on page 44 35 THESE GRADUATES THRIVE ON CREATIVE CHALLENGES ... THEY'RE SALES ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT ENGINEERING R. J. Hummer J. H. Trumble University of Toledo-BSEE-1961 University of Dayton-BSEE-1960 PROJECT MANAGEMENT R. J. Hayes Indiana Tech-BSME-1956 There's a challenging, rewarding future for What they have C.lV: Ludvigsen, Manager-Systems Sales, done already This approach has paid off! Though tells how creative graduates contribute to industry has barely scratched !ht pioneering, automation developments. surface ofthe automation potentl~' our credentials already are qUite Now, to meet the pressing challenge manufacturing, and warehousing impressive .. s. Profit-making automation sy of industrial automation, Cutler- operations. Then, by applying their tems such as . , , a bundle-handhnfi Hammer has formed a number of individual talents and creative system for 30 major newspaper roa automation project teams. ingenuity to develop, design, build, rooms, , . a package-hand~ing sys- These teams combine the techni- and install practical automation cal and manufacturing talents of tem for a prominent pubhsher:,. systems that will insure good return U ,S. Post Office mail-handling versatile, seasoned specialists and on investment. 't' ... pallet- , CIles you, creative-minded engineering systems in 14 major and business graduates. Where they work h an dl'mg syst ems, ". more than II 'shing Their primary job: to make sure Automation teams work together score of maJ'or steel-mIll finl COn' that a customer's automation in- in a Milwaukee-based, modern, lines, , . automatic warehouse line vestment pays an adequate return. 500,000 square foot plant specifi- trol systems, , . and aut? bodY-few cally designed to house every handling systems are Just Ii . g How they work activity involved in the evolution examples of our crea t'lve plannIn k How do they meet this challenge? of a complexsystem ... in a creative and developmental skill at wor . By workingwith customer engineers climate that is conducive to imagi- and consultants to isolate cost native planning and pioneering What is your opportunity? problems in industrial process, development. What are the advantages to yoU 36 Spartan Engineer AUTOMATION PROBLEM SOLVERS a MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING CONTROL ENGINEERING ANALYTICAL ACCOUNTING R. H. Menzel L. Gall A. E. Morgan Michigan Tech-BSME-1955 University of Illinois-BSEE-1960 University of Wisconsin-BA-1960 you,too, on a Cutler.Hammer automation team as a young, creative-minded grad- uate?Short range, it's an exceptional opportunity-if you spark to the A CUTLER-HAMMER AUTO- MATION TEAM helped the challenge of finding new solutions WALL STREET JOURNALsolve to tough manufacturing problems. major production and distribu- An unusual opportunity to get tion problems of a national d.eeplyinvolved in problem solving newspaper by designing and "l"lghtfrom the start! building control systems for two new, highly automated Long range, being a key member printing plants. Controls per- of a Cutler-Hammer automation mit the world's fastest presses t~am i.san excellent way to get the to produce newspapers at the dIversIfied experience so essential rate of 70,000 per hour. to continuing career development and future advancement. It's parti- Cutler-Hammer is an equal .cul~rl:y beneficial if you have opportunity employer. aSpIratIons to move into manage- .tnentranks. Want to know more? ~rite today to T.R Jochem, Cutler- ammer, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, forcomplete information. And, plan to meet with our representative when he visits your campus soon. WHAT'S NEW? ASK ... CUTLER-HAMMER Cutler-Hammer Inc ••Milwaukee. Wisconsin. Divisions: All; Thayer Scale. Subsidiaries: Uni.Bus.I~C.;Cutler- Hammer International, C.A •• Associates: Cutler. Hammer Canada, Ltd.; Cutler-Hammer MexlC;ana,S.A. BI •• 37 March, 1963 How to MAKE A UNISPHEKE AUSTIN J. PADDOCK, Vice President US Steel Corporation Remarks before the Board of Directors New York World's Fair Thi s photo of a model of Uni- sphere permanent s ymbo I of the 1964-1965 World's Fai r present- ed by United States Steel, gives a see - through view of the unique structure. With stai n- Iess-steel-clad structural mem- bers comprising the latitudes and longitudes, the Unisphere features land masses and moun- tain ranges fabricated from rigidized stainless steel sheets with a special pattern designed to reflect Ii g h t. American Bridge Division of United States Steel, which is fabricat- ing and erecting the Unisphere, is starting construction Wed. nesday, March 6. 38 Spartan Engineer During an earlier meeting, you gave us a little homework to do. I am pleased to report today that this homework now is completed. We believe the answers are correct. Briefly, here is the work assignment you gave us to solve: Problem: For purposes of monumen- tal beauty only, complete a feasible de- sign for a stainless steel structure 12 stories high, the sole function of which is not to help perform any human work but, rather, by its appearance only, to inspire mankind the world over for ages to come. To make the struc- ture beautiful on both the inside and out- side and as viewed from any direction. To make it generate breathtaking awe from any height, when viewed from the level of its base or from thecabin of an airplane above. To make its interior complement its exterior so that each blends, always with the other. Seen by Artist John C. Wenrich in its permanent setting at Flushing To make it graceful yet grand, light Meadows, th is is Uni sphere, symbol of the 1964-1965 New York World's yet massive, solid yet transparent, Fair to be fabricated, built and presented by United States Steel Corpor- bright yet diffused. To make it pleasing ation. to see at any hour from dawn to dusk, in shadows or sunlight, rain or snow. And at night, to make it appear with the same beauty under floodlights. Tower and the Washington Monument, by location and configuration. These for instance, each reflect esthetic char- fixed esthetic requirements had to be Further: Make it a spherical struc- acteristics of their respective ages met With sound engineering and good ture detailing the continents of the that were arbitrarily chosen. In this design. earth; where e a chi i n e, committed sense, no predetermined design and centuries ago to a predetermined place, esthetic restrictions were imposed, and Still another aspect of the Unisphere must perform the work of holding it their creators could do pretty much as adds to the weight of the problem. Peter together; where it must be unsymmet- they pleased, within the laws of en- Muller-Munk and his team of indus- rical; where its base must be small gineering. trial designers, whoworked Withus, put yet strong, airy yet solid to keep winds it this way: from upsetting it; where basic condi- The Unisphere departs from this free-flowing, unrestricted use of art. "The Unisphere cannot be treated as tions of esthetic design--determined a building or other traditional monu- by nature eons ago -- must be met The die -- esthetically speaking -- was cast right from the start, when the de- mental structure, for in reality it is a within the laws of engineering science; piece of open sculpture. This is per- where all pieces of the structure either cision was made that a model of the Earth be the symbol of the 1964-65 haps the most demanding form of art. fall in toward each other or fall away For it must exist from all sides, with from each other; and around which three New York World'S Fair. no one texture, surface or line out of three-ton, stainless steel orbital rings harmony with another." must be placed without any discernible Doubtless, other symbols could have means of fastening them. been selected to allow for greater free- dom of esthetics -- no one ofwhich ever So, its inside surfaces must be as would have completely satisfied every- appealing as the outside, requiring And finally. Make the structure ap- methods to fasten it together so that pear effortless, as if creating and build- one, since tastes do change from gen- eration to generation. The more time- bolts, welds and other fastening de- ing it were of no consequence at all. vices do not mar its beauty. less the design, the more esthetically enduring it is. It is, therefore, no great shock to me that you selected the most The engineering and design problems This, then, was our homework: Com- plete a feasible design for the timeless design of all, The Earth, as surrounding the Unisphere, we believe, Unisphere. are among the most complex found any- your symbol. where. We are pleased that you entrusted This leads to another intriguing as- pect. In a sense, the traditional roles Since the design specifies an" open" to us the solution of this difficult prob- or Armillary Sphere -- to symbolize lem. For there are aspects to this men- of engineering, design and estheticS in construction have been virtually our ties to the past -- no bracing can tal exercise that make the Unisphere be used between the meridian and paral- unique in the history of monumental reversed. Usually engineering feasi- bility is determined first. The struc- lel members. This called for a rigid architecture. ture was to be a sphere With prede- frame design, strong enough not only termined lines of support -- the meri- to support the sphere but also to re- First is the design itself. Symbolic sist transverse wind loads. And these monumental architecture, of course, is dian and parallels; with its surfaces-- not new. The Great Pyramids, the Eiffel the land masses -- also predetermined COlltillued 011 lIext page' 39 March, 1963 members still had to look light and slender. The sphere, also, is required to sit with its axis tilted 23 1/2 de- grees to correspond with the way the Earth revolves, which makes an unsym- metrical design. This meant that over 1,500 unknown forces had to be solved to determine unit stresses so that steel could be used to its maximuml These problems were so complex that they were broken into three separate sections, the largest of which involved solving 670 simultane- ous equations! By comparison let me point out that, as a general rule, not more than 30 to 40 such simultaneous equations are needed in analyzing some of the more complex modern struc- tures! Gentlemen, that is a lot of algebra I For us to have calculated these 1,500 problems manually might have taken perhaps as long as ten years! But for- tunately America's ingenuity and tech- nical genius paved the way for us. We were able to solve our simultaneous How do you bui Id a conti nent? Here's the answer worked out by equations through the miracle of elec- United States Steel's American Bridge Division for Unisphere. tronics. We had the use of some of the most advanced electronic equipment anywhere in the world, which belongs to the Electric Boat Company at Gro- made a move without consulting each two-foot model of the world from the ton, Conn., and which is used to solve other. It was a case of mutual effort top side, the base is of relatively lit- the detailed problems of building our and teamwork of the highest caliber. tle importance. But when people view atomic submarines. As a result, we Certainly this speaks well of the prog- the Unisphere, the base will be the solved our problems in only a few ress of design and engineering in this structure immediately in front of them weeksl country. --rising 20 feet above the reflection pool. Esthetics here is obviously im- It is safe to say that a few years ago Engineering a final esthetically ap- portant, and so Peter Muller-Munk this particular design of the Unisphere pealing design for the Unisphere is created the design for a 70-ton open would have been too impractical to somewhat different from designing a sculptured base to convey lightness, calculate. For many safety factors hood ornament or an exotic park foun- grace and simplicity and yet kept it would necessarily have been designed tain. For one thing, mock-ups can be engineeringly sound to support a 250- into the sphere, obviously making its built close enough to scale so that over- ton sphere. The base also had to hold steel members heavier and, therefore, all visual effects of the end product can the sphere steady against wind load over less appealing. So, it was the pride of be predicted. three times as great as the dead load. perfection that challenged us to achieve In fact, we even conducted wind tunnel the best design by using the properties But knowing ahead of time exactly tests on a model of the Unisphere to be of stainless fully, so that each struc- how an open sphere, 120 feet in diam- certain of our calculations. tural member, in turn, achieves a light, eter, will look is another matter. A fin e Ii n e appeal. We wanted the Uni- two-foot model of the structure is seen The problem was not too unlike fas- sphere to reflect the best of what can in an entirely different perspective tening a beach ball to a golf tee -- a be done in steel -- even when basic than if you or I were standing at the slight exaggeration, perhaps, but it esthetics are predetermined. And it can base of the real 12-story article--the does convey the idea that we had some only be done in steel, I might add. point from which most people will view real design problems. the Unisphere. Which brings me to another aspect. Next on the list was the choice of It was necessary for the industrial de- Thus the key problem in design -- structural members for the sphere sign profession to work side by side except for the unit stresses -- was one itself. Here again, engineering was used with the engineering profession right of "visual mixture," a kind of optical only as a means to an esthetic end. from scratch. illusion where something viewed up What kind of structural members should close looks different when seen farther be used for the slender meridians and Our Am e r i can Bridge Division's away. It was this bogy that required parallels? Should they be round tubex structural engineers tell me that right a constant mterchange of ideas between or hollow rectangles? What about their from the start Peter Muller-Munk and our American Bridge people and the surfaces -- highly reflective or dull? his industrial design associates were Peter Muller-Munk designers. What about joining problems -- weld- on the scene. The complexities of the ing, bolting or what? How could sec- problem were such that neither the Their first detailed consideration, of tions doing most of the support work engineering side nor the design side course, was the base. When we view a Continued on paRe 48 40 Spartan Engi neer When a transistor performs like this on a curve tracer, • SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE DEVELOPMENT- we like to know why. Sometimes the answer is obvious. BS in Physics, Metallurgy or Electrical Engineering; Then again, we may find it not so easily explained. This minimum of 2 yrs. experience in high current silicon rectifier development; must be capable of developing these devices our semiconductor device people like. They enjoy sinking and maintaining technical responsibility through pilot pro- their teeth into a knotty problem and sticking with it till duction. they shake out the answer-and it usually doesn't take long • PHYSICISTS, CHEMISTS AND METALLURGISTS at Delco. For semiconductor device development; experience in Why? Easy. encapsulation, alloying and diffusion, chemistry of semic?n- When you toss a problem to a group of talented men ductor devices materials (to lead a program on metallurgIcal . . . provide the necessary research tools ... in an environ- ' .. research of new semIconductor matenals). ment that encourages personal initiative and achievement • ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS- ... you can't help getting results. This combination has Experienced in machine contr?ls ~relay and(or sta~c) helped build a position of leadership for Delco in the de- to assist in the development and applicatIon of statIc transIs- velopment and production of semi-conductor devices. torized controls. We intend to keep it that way-through expanding • TRANSISTOR PROCESS ENGINEERS- facilities and fresh talent. EEs, MEs, and IEs to develop and create. new processes Our new R&D center-125,OOO sq. ft.-houses labora- for manufacturing germanium and silicon sermconductor de- tories equipped with the latest in sophisticated research vices and to develop automatic and semi-automatic fabrica- facilities. Our new semiconductor manufacturing center- tion equipment. Experience preferred. 226,000 sq. ft.-scheduled for operation this June, will pro- If you're looking for an opportunity to fully exercise your personal compe- vide an expanded capability in the production of. s?ic~n tence •.. among men of talent ••• In unmatched faclli.tles, why not make arrangements to talk with our interviewer when he VIsits your campus. rectifiers. All of which adds up to new opportunItIes ill Or, write for additional information: Mr. C. D. Longshore, Supervisor of research, development and production of silicon rectifiers. Salaried Employment: An equal opportunity employer DELCO RADIO DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS KOKOMO, INDIANA March, 1963 41 IASU NEWS NOTES Edited by ORVILLE BARR The junior Engineering andScientist eral session in the evening. The stu- A plaque commemorating the two Summer Institute (JESSI) will be spon- dents will be in class six hours daily workers, William R. Mannor and Fred sored by the College of Engineering this but will have private conferences with Price, will be permanently affixed to a year. the JESSI staff members during their wall near the entrance of the library. free afternoon hours. JESSI, scheduled for june 16-29, is an Copies of the student committee res- explora tion in the engineering and sci- The total per capita costs for the olution dedicating the library were ence areas of learning. Boys who will two-week JESSI is: $120. These fees given to the families of the two men, enter the 11th or 12th grade in Septem- include all on-campus expenses--room and to the labor unions and contractors ber, or who will graduate in june, will and board at Snyder Hall, field trips, who built the two dorms. meet in class-size groups with scien- tuition, notebooks, insurance, and costs tists and engineers of the University incident to program activity. The Price-Mannor library, a stu- faculty. dent project, is downstairs in the multi- Limited funds are available for stu- purpose area of Wilson. Student volun- Harwood Phend, assistant to the Dean dent-aid purposes. The granting of aid teers staff the library. It contains over of Engineering, and associate director is based on real need and academic 3,000 paperbacks and hardbacks which of JESSI, is coordinator of the seminar. achievement. To qualify for aid, an were donated by students and faculty and applicant must have a G.P.A. in all bought wit h University-appropriated "This is a fi["st-time effo["tto explore high school academic subjects to date, funds. engineering and unique a["eas in science beginning with the ninth grade, the --the areas that are not taught to prom- equivalent of 3.0 or better. ising students in high school," Phend Through student work and faculty said. The JESSI program is entering its backing, the library became a reality eighth season and is held on college and in january. It will serve an estimated "We want to bring out the new con- university campuses across the nation. 3,000 students six days a week. The li- cepts in engineering and science," he The program is administered by Sci- brary is open 7 to 10 p.m. onweekdays continued, •'to b r 0 a den their (high entists of Tomorrow, a Portland, Ore., and Sundays. school students) views and give them an non-profit, t a x-exempt organization idea of what to expect when they reach dedicated to public service. the coUege level." "The whole library project was stu- dent inspired," Richard j. Coehlo, co- "To be eligible for this conference, ordinator of continuing education in boys must have had a total of three to University College, said. "Students fol- four years of high school math or sci- lowed tentative plans with book drives, ence. The same qualifications apply to fund campaigns, and other projects to girls who will attend the DePauw Uni- obtain books for their own library." versity JESSI for girls at Greencastle, Ind. Recently the main library director. The new library in the Case-Wilson- Richard E. Chapin, announced a dona- The students will attend classes in Wonders complex will bear the name tion of $5,000 of reference works for groups of 25 to 30members. Each group of two workers who lost their lives the complex library, from the main attends three hours of classes in the during the construction of Wilson and library. morning, two in the afternoon and a gen- Wonders dormitories. Continued on page 44 42 Spartan Engineer FORGED ... to end field failures This forging forms the critical stress-bearing Forged parts withstand the landing impact of segment of the turnpost on which a rugged hy- jet aircraft, yet are light and strong. They help draulic loader rotates. It must withstand the sud- restrain the tremendous temperatures and pres- den high-magnitude stresses transmitted by the sures involved in modern missile technology; im- 17-foot boom, even in the bitter cold of northern prove the performance of vital automotive parts. winter logging operations. It replaced a less de- Forgings enhance the safety factor of our high- pendable part that had caused costly breakdowns speed world. in the field. By converting to forgings, the manu- Research projects sponsored by the forging in- facturer ended turnpost failures. dustryand its suppliers will increase even further Why did the designer look to forgings for the ability of forgings to endure the extremes of superior strength and reliability? Because forged temperature and the greater stresses inherent in parts start with refined metals, uniform through- the engineering challenges of tomorrow. out. By hot-working this superior stock between Be better informed about the advantages of precision dies in forging hammers or presses, the forged parts. Write for documented case studies structure of the metal is improved even further. of forged parts converted, at a saving, from less That's why forgings offer unique opportunities to satisfactory higher cost processes. Address: Drop improve strength-weight ratios and reduce pro- Forging Association, Dept. E-2, 55 Public Square, duction costs. Cleveland 13, Ohio. r-----------------------------------, I I When it's a vital part, design it to be I For more information, see our 4-page, full color advertisements in these I I I magazines: MACHINE DESIGN, PRODUCT ENGINEERING, MATERIALS IN DESIGN ENGINEERING and AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES. STEEL, II L ~ I I 43 March, 1963 A unique classification system, the ed to meet highest performance MSU News Notes brainchild of Michael Ferrari, gradu- standards. ate advisor of East Wilson, is employed Equipment available from Ap- in cataloging the books. Colored dots plied Dynamics includes quarter- and dashes tell librarians and students square multipliers; dual X2, dual Continued from page 42 what classification the paperback is. log X and combination sine-co- sine diode function generators; and chassis for 19-inch rack Before Christmas, graduate advis- ors and scholarship chairmen from Computers mountings and for PACE com- puter mountings. Cost is 10% Case and Wilson received money from of list price per month; mini- the University College, the Provost, and the main library to buy $1,500 worth of paperback books. For Rent mum rental period is one month. The short-term rental plan can From Applied Dynamics be converted into an annual rental plan; in this case all money paid "We took boxes, went to the book A well-known need of analog towards continuous short-term stores, and threw in books of all sizes, computer users, the ability to rental plan can be converted shapes, colors and topics," Phoebe Hammer, North Case graduate resident expand their equipment tempor- into an annual rental plan; in advisor said. arily, but at reasonable cost, this case all money paid towards has been filled by Applied Dy- continuous short-term rental will M 0 r e books reached the library namics, Ann Arbor, Mich., with be applied to the annual charge shelves from drives, dances, and even an announcement of a novel plan of 5% per month. Any item rented a faculty book dinner. for short-term rental of nonlin- for six months can be kept a ear computer components. This year at no additional cost! Rented Beverly Belson, head resident ad- is the first time an analog com- equipment can also be purchased; visor at North Case, offered to give puter manufacturer has offered in this case 85% of the paid-in one book for every five that students off-the-shelf, overnight delivery rental money will be applied donated. of multipliers and fixed function against 85% of the list purchase generators for rental over a price. One large laundry cart overflowed period as short as a month with with 600 books that students paid for the option to buy on a prorated entrance to a book dance held in Wilson basis. during Winter registra tion week. A stu- dent band from South Case donated their services as 125 copies of the Crucible, Problem solving ability of an analog computer, which is es- sential by a paralelled operating MISS required freshman reading, made the scene. device, is limited by its size, that is, the number of operation- al elements it contains. Be- ENGINEER "I don't know what we can dowith all cause problem complexities tend the Crucibles," Coehlo said. "We can to vary widely, most users se- Name: Iise Steins probably sell them to incoming fresh- lect computers which contain a men for a dime apiece." reasonable balance of equipment Born in: Rega, Latvia so that problems which most oft- Faculty rPembers and their wives Hometown: Grand Rapids from the Case-Wilson block shelled out en occur can be adequately books, no Crucibles, for a steak dinner handled. Age: 20 in the Wilson 1962room. Guests ofhon- However, when an outsize or included: Edward A. Carlin, Dean of problem comes along, particu- Class: Junior University College, and his wife; Rich- larily one with a number of non- ard E. Chapin, director of libraries, and linearities in it, the user has Specs: ht.-S',7Y/' his wife; John E. Dietrich, chairman been forced either to buy ex- pensive nonlinear components hair-brown of speech, and his wife. Dietrich gave the keynote address at the dinner. such as multipliers and fixed eyes-hazel function generators or to apply Students check out the donated books programming tricks to fit the s tats. -37 -24-38 themselves, on a weekly basis. A pub- problem to his existing machine. lic shame system punishes holders of Unfortunately, the latter solution Hobbies: dancing over-due books by posting these stu- generally requires approximate art (major) dents names on the bulletin board near linearizations that tend to radi- cafeteria lines in their dormitory. cally decrease the value of the skiing study. A sign on the wall reads: archery Now a third option is offered the user by. Applied Dynamics, swimming All violators will be assigned an ad- that of rentmg these expensive ditional roommate. components for a short period. sailing This approach permits the user studying Needless to say, overdue booksarea to get exactly the type and quan- rarity. But if a student fails to return a tity of equipment desired when modeling book and another Student needs that it is needed! Also, he is assured book, a phone call to the holder can have What about the engineers? of getting up-to-date components the book to him in three minutes. which have been factory calibrat- "They're terrific guys" 44 Spartan Engineer Olin WHO IS OLIN? Olin is a world-wide company with 39,000 employees developing, producing and marketing products from seven divisions: Packaging, Squibb, Winchester-Western, Chemicals, Inter- national, Metals and Organics. With corporate officesin New York City, the firm operates 56 plants in 30 states with plants and affiliates in 37 foreign countries. WHAT DOES OLIN MAKE? Major brand names include Winchester-Western, Waylite, Ramset, Roll Bond; with fully integrated product lines in industrial and agricultural chemicals, medicinals and pharma- ceuticals, explosives, arms and ammunition, brass and aluminum, fine papers and trans- parent films, kraft papers, multi-wall bags and containers. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF WORK AT OLIN? Olin's great diversity provides multiple opportunities for the technical science and engi- neering disciplines. Emphasis is placed on the B.S. and M.S. chemical, industrial, mechani- cal and metallurgical engineering student for assignments in plant operations, process control, product development, quality control, production and marketing. Advanced degree M.S. and Ph. D. chemists and metallurgists work in central research and development im- proving existing products and developing new ones. Men with liberal arts and business backgrounds find rewarding career opportunities in the administrative functions, market- ting, and some areas of manufacturing. WHAT ARE THE OPPORTUNITIES AT OLIN? Olin recognizes its people as its greatest asset. Your future growth and career is as impor- tant to the company as it is to you. Beginning with corporate and divisional orientations, you will be given thorough on-the-job training in your first job. You will learn and progress, according to your ability, working with skilled and experienced men in various assign- ments with Olin. For additional information about Olin please contact your Placement Officeor write Mr. M. H. Jacoby, College Relations Officer, Olin, 460 Park Avenue, New York 22, N. Y. OLIN MATHIESON CHEMICAL CORPORATION 45 March, 1963 Binary arithmetic The program address counter is a 3600 Parallel addition in 250 nanoseconds without access Modulus 248-1 (one's complement) two's complement additive register. It provides program continuity by gen- erating in sequence the storage ad- Continued from page 21 for single precision operations dresses which contain the individual Modulus 284-1 (one's complement) program steps. Usually, at thecomple- for double precision floating-point tion of each program step, the count is symbols and makes it possible for per- operations advanced by one to specify the address sons using the facility to write their Solid -state of the next program step. own programs. After receiving the For- Diode logic t ran program, the computer itself Transistor amplifiers translates the program to computer The program control register holds a Console includes: language and determines its own se- program step while it is being executed. Register contents displayed in octal quencing in order to make the best use If the program step is a pair of 24-bit Electric typewriter of computing time. instructions, the upper instruction is On-line card reader executed first followed by the lower in- With the increasing demand for com- struction. OPERATIONAL CHARACTERISTICS puting time, the 3600 will fill a definite need. The purchase of the system will provide the University with a large The primary 3600 System consists of After executing an instruction, a half scale computing installation and pro- four modules: computing unit, storage, exit, full exit, skip exit, or jump exit is vide opportunities for expanded re- communications (input-output), and an performed. A half exit always allows the search and mathematics programs. operator-maintenance console. lower instruction or a program step to be executed. A full exit advances the Note: For those interested in the COMPUTINGMODULE count in the program dress counter by technical aspects of the 3600, the fol- one, and executes the upper instruction lowing sections, with excerpts from The 3604 Computing module is di- of the new program step at the address CONTROL DATA 3600 PRELIMINARY vided into two parts: arithmetic and specified by the contents of the program REFERENCE MANUALby Control Data control. address counter. A skip exit advances Corporation, are included. the c ou n t in the program address counter by two, skipping the next se- Arithmetic quential program step. A jump exit al- TECHNICALLY SPEAKING The arithmetic unit performs the lows a new sequence of instructions to arithmetic and logical operations re- be executed; the storage location of the SYSTEMCHARACTERISTICS; quired for executing instructions. It new instruction is specified by the consists of two operational registers, execution address of the jump instruc- Stored-program, general purpose com- A and Q. Some of the main functions of tion. puter. these registers are: Parallel mode of operation 1) Participating in the operations of STORAGE MODULE Single address logic addition, subtraction, m u 1t i plication, 51-bit storage word (48 bits of data, 3 and division. The 3603 magnetic core storage mod- parity bits) 2) Shifting operations. ule provides high-speed, random ac- Six 15-bit index registers 3) Count control in Byte Scan and Lo- cess storage for 32,768 words. It con- IndiL"ectaddressing cate List Element instructions. sists of two independent storage sec- Magnetic core storage (options avail- 4) Control for conditional instruc- tions, each with a capacity of 16,384 able) tions. words. These sections operate together 32,768 51-bit words in two independ- 5) Logical and masking operations. during the execution of a stored pro- ent 16,384 word units (alternately- gram and are considered as one 32,768 phased) Control word storage system. A storage word 1.0 usec effective cycle time (repre- The control section of the computing may be two 24-bit instructions, a single sentative program) unit directs the operations required to 48-bit instruction, a 48-bit data word, 1.5 usec total cycle time execute the instructions, and estab- or half of a 96-bit data word. Three Input-Output lishes the timing relationships needed parity bits are generated for each stor- Transmission of 48-bit words (I2-bit to per for m these operations in the age word; thus, a storage word is 51 bytes) proper sequence. It also generates to bits in length. These parity bits are Four separate bi-directional input- the communications module the prelim- generated each time a word is read output channels (options available) inary commands necessary to begin the from or written into storage. The loca- 1.0 usec per word transmission rate processing of input-output data. tion of each word in storage is identi- System interrupt fied by an assigned number or address. Flexible repertoire of instructions The control section acquires an in- When a word is taken (read) from or Fixed-point arithmetic (integer and struction from storage, interprets it, entered (written) into storage, a refer- fractional) and sends the necessary commands to ence is made to the storage address Floating-point arithmetic (single and other sections. A program step may be which holds the word. All odd storage double precision) a single 48-bit instruction or a pair addresses are located in one storage Logical and masking operations of 24-bit instructions which together oc- section, all even addressed in the other. Variable length data manipulation cupy a single storage location as a Block transfers 48-bit instruction word. The cycle time, or time for a com- Indexing plete storage reference, is 1.5 usec. Storage searching The unit contains several registers Since the storage cycles of the two in- Bit sensing and counters. dependent sections may overlap one 46 Spartan Engineer another in the execution of a program, Input or output transfer operations data transmission. Upon completion of the average effective cycle time for may occur independent of, and simul- the assembly, the 48-bit word is trans- random addresses is about 1.0 usec. taneously with, operations in the com- mitted to the appropriate storage mod- puting unit. Input or output data is ule via the access control section. Each 16,384 word storage section is transmitted to or from storage direct- accessible from five sources, one at a ly, and does not pass through the com- Par i t Y bits accompanying output time (thus four communica tion modules puting unit. transmissions are checked by the ex- and one computing module may have ternal equipment. Parity bits accom- access to a storage section). The equip- Arithmetic and Control Section pan y in g input transmissions are ment requesting access to storage indi- After operating conditions have been checked by the communication module. cates whether a storage request is for initiated, the arithmetic and control a read reference or a write reference. unit of the communication module su- OPERATOR AN) MAINTENANCE The storage request specifies the lo- pervises all input-output activity. The CONSOLE cation from which the word will be read, computing module directs the selection or into which the word will be written. of a specific external equipment and The 3601 operator and maintenance The upper 14 bits of the base execution channel. A 48-bit control word is read console contains all the controls and address specify the location in the from storage and entered into a 48-bit indicators necessary to operate the 3600 bank; the lower-order bit specifies control register in the communication system. which section (odd or even) is to be module. The control word specifies a used. After the storage request is re- starting address (storage address from ceived by the access section, a scanner which first output word will be read, Manual Controls examines the five access sections, and or where first input word will be Manual controls include: Run, Step, permits one to be honored. If the stor- stored) and a IS-bit word count (num- Selective Jumps, Selective Stops,Com- age section is being used by another ber of words to be transferred.) The puter Master Clear, I/O Master Clear, access unit the requesting unit waits word also specifies the input or output Clear Storage, External Clear. until the current storage reference is operation, and several control condi- finished. tions. Console Display An indicator panel on the console provides a visual indication of regis- A storage request is generated by the ter contents in octal. Provision is also Storage Bank Selection channel control (for output) or by the ex- included for manual insertion of data The 3600 computer may include up to ternal equipment (for input). Alongwith into the registers. eight storage modules. This requires the storage request, the communication the provision for addressing any spe- module supplies the storage module with DESCRIPTIONS OF INSTRUCTIONS the required storage address. During WORDFORMAT cific module. the storage cycle, the address and the The storage modules are numbered word count are transmitted to the arith- A computer word consists of 48 bits a thru 7. A 3-bit bank address designa- metic section of the communication and may be interpreted as one 48-bit tor contained in the instruction itself module. This section decreases the data word, a 48-bit instruction, or two specifies the bank to which the storage word count by one and increases the 24-bit instructions. reference is to be made. Thus, a com- current address by one for each word plete storage addres s is an 18-bit transferred. The word count is exam- Instructions designated by three-let- composite address (bank address-ex- ined after each word transferred. The ter mnemonic codes of four or more ecution address). word count has been reduced to zero, letters differ in format and in word the current transfer operation is com- length (some are 24 bits; others are 48 Once a bank selection is made, all plete. bits). operations are confined to that bank until: Instruction formats are arranged in Storage Access Control Section 1) the bank address is explicitly four major classes, according to dif- The storage access control section changed by the Jump and Set Index ferences in word length and the posi- scans the data channels for storage instruction, an augmented 24-bit in- tion of the function code within the for- requests. If a request exists, the re- struction, or mat. A typical format from each class quest, together with the designated 2) an Execute instruction effects a is outlined below. storage address, is sent to the speci- jump to a different bank and the in- fied storage module. Upon completion struction executed as a jump. CLASS I of the storage cycle, a resume signal Class I instruction formats are 24 is sent to the storage access control, COMMUNICA nON MODULE bits in length and have 6-bit function and the scanner resumes monitoring (INPUT-OUTPUT) codes. All instructions designated by the data channels for storage requests. three-letter mnemonic codes are in- cluded in this category. The Inter-Reg- Input-output operations in the 3600 Data Channels ister instruction, indicated by a four- computing system are initiated by the Each data channel is bi-directional; letter menmonic code, is also included. computing unit and governed by the 3602 communication module. The communi- i.e., a channel may be used for both input and output communication. Each CLASS II cation module contains a storage ac- 48-bit data word is transmitted in 12- Class II instruction formats are 24 cess control section, an arithmetic and bit bytes and is assembled/disassem- bits in length and have 9-bit function control section, and provision for up to bled in a 48-bit assembly/disassembly codes. All instructions in this category eight bi-directional input-output data register. A parity bit is generated for are designated by mnemonic codes of channels. Two such will be in the sys- each 12-bit byte and accompanies the four or more letters. tem which is being acquired by MSU. 47 March, 1963 necessary to distort the scale of these UNISPHERE 3600 Continued from page 40 contours by exaggerating them 44 times as great as they actually appear on the surface of the Earth. Otherwise they Continued from page 47 would have appeared too inconsequen- be built up or thickened without appear- tial on the Unisphere to be particularly CLASS III ing out of proportion with the rest of not ice a b I e. Using this exaggerated Class III instruction formats are 48 the meridians and parallels? bits in length and have 9-bit function scale, each land mass layer will be codes. All instructions in this category five inches high, each representing a Ultimately the answers came. For the are designated by mnemonic codes of change in elevation of 1,000 meters or most part meridians will be eight inches four or more letters. 3,280 feet. wide and 12 inches deep except at sup- port areas. They will be curved .rec- CLASS IV tangular stainless hollow shapes, hIghly Land masses will be fabricated in Class IV instruction formats are 48- polished on the outside surface and dull sections roughly ten feet wide and 35 bits in length and have, except for the finished on the other three surfaces. feet long and fastened with hidden bolts Register jump instruction, 9-bit func- The parallels will be curved stainless to meridians and parallels. tion codes. These formats differ from tubing, six to ten inches in diameter, Class III formats in that the bits of the with a dull finish. The members will be function code are non-contiguous. butt welded together. Even the skeleton framework, be- tween the meridians and parallels and The Register jump instruction dif- But the land masses constituted the behind the land masses, has been de- fers from other 48-bit instructions in big g est "visual mixture" problem. signed to blend with all other lines in Class IV in that the 6-bit function code Here we had to design representations the Unisphere. These will appear to the is used. to a staggering scale. Also, since ev- human eye as slim lines, which are erything has to fit the curvature of the mileage markers between the meridi- SPEEDS OF OPERAnON Earth, nothing could be square in any ans. Fixed-Point Arithmetic plane. Operation Time (usec) Add 1.5 First we thought of heavy stainless Finally, there are the three three- Subtract 1.5 mesh that could be formed into land ton stainless orbits circling the Uni- Multiply Integer 5.4 configurations. But investigations re- sphere. We struggled with that one quite Multiply (Fractional) 5.4 vealed that the mesh virtually disap- a while, and we had to go back to the Divide Integer 13.0 pears when held against the daylight. bicycle to solve how they would be kept Divide (Fractional) 13.0 So we build a full-sized land section in place. They will be held the same Single Precision Floating Point of expanded stainless metal, shipped it way the rim of a bicycle wheel is held Arithmetic to the Unisphere site here at Flushing to its hub -- by taught high strength Operation Time (usec) and hauled it into the air at exactly steel wires, 1/8 inch in diameter, ra- Floating Add 3.4 the Spot it would appear on the sphere. diating from the Unisphere to the orbits. Floating Subtract 3.4 Placed that far from the eye, the metal They, of course, will be too small to Floating Multiply 5.4 was too transparent and too directional conflict with the rest of the sphere. Floating Divide 13.0 in pattern. The bogy, "visual mixture," Add to Exponent 0.8 again. And there you have it -- a close look at what it took to complete what we Next, we tried various existing pat- are convinced is the best design of the terns of formed or rigidized stainless Unisphere. sheets to diffuse the light, but the pat- terns also were too prominent. By that SPARTAN time we had learned, too, that the sur- While perhaps the birth of this struc- faces would have to be of dull finish ture is not as exotic as problems con- ENGINEERS and also be rigidized in some way. Sur- nected Withspace explorations, the Uni- faces of a sphere curve away from the sphere, nonetheless, does represent a COlltillued from page 22 human eye; therefore, a bright metal delicate, intricate exercise in design under floodlights at night would make and engineering skills. john Callahan is chairman of the the land areas "turn black," since only Special Projects Committee, which was pinpoints of light would be reflected the first part of the organization to be- back to the eye. come affiliated with the Spartan Engi- It will, therefore, stand -- not only as neer Magazine. This committee is plan- a symbol of the World past and of the We finally out-foxed the demons of future -- but it will stand, too, as a ning to coordinate a central radio sta- optical illusion, by creating a special, tion for the Case-Wilson-Wondersdor_ symbol of the World past and of the free style pattern of rigidized stainless future -- but it will stand, too, as a mitory group when the final decision on steel sheets. The pattern is so de- construction of such a facility is made. symbol of what American technology signed that light is properly diffused. and art can achieve when teamed to- Also, it eliminates matching and fab- gether. These are but a few of the interesting rication problems that would have ex- and rewarding activities which the Spar- isted in joining stainless steel sheets tan Engineers have been connected With with a more directional pattern. Here, during fall and winter terms. This group In this day of ideological warfare -- "visual mixture" works in our favor! when fears and doubts plague free men has a worthwhile goal and great poten- tial, and With the guidance of Mr. Har- everywhere -- may all who view this The land masses will be built up piece of open sculpture knowthat Amer- wood Phend, assistant dean of the Col- "layer-cake" style, like huge contour lege of Engineering, will continually en- ica as a nation has the will, the strength, maps, to conform with topographical the patience, and the skills to do its dea vor to fulfill its purpose. highlights of each continent. It was homework very well indeed! 48 Spartan Engi neer SIDETRACKED The day after finals, a dis- Angry Father: "What do you A drunken engineer was lying heveled Arch. E. walked into a mean bringing my daughter in at in the gutter with one elbow on psychiatrist's office, tore open this hour of the morning?" the curb screaming, "If it takes a cigarette, and stuffed the to- Engineer: "We have to be at me all week, I'll get over this bacco up his nose. "I see that class at 7:30." wall." you need some help," remarked ** II< the startled doctor, "Yeah," *** An engineer of a large in- agreed the student. "Do you have strument company was looking a match?" For Chem E.'s: We've often over drawings and specifications heard it said that gasoline and for a new instrument which had alcohol don't mix. Actually, they been ordered by one of the firm's * ...* mix, but they just don't taste largest clients. Attached to the good. paper were the coded instruc- Pro: "You missed my class tions, "MIL TDD-4l". Not being yesterday, didn't you?" * ...* familiar with those designations, ME: "No sir, not a bit." the engineer looked in his tech- 1st M.E.: "You cuttin' ma- nical journals, but was unable chine design Friday?" to find them. Finally he placed * * ... 2nd M.E.: "Nope, I can't. Need a long-distance call to the cus- the sleep." tomer. She: "My dad is an Engineer. "Would you mind tellin~ me ...* * what 'MILTDD-4l' means? ' he He takes things apart to see why they won't go." asked. "Sure, I'll tell you," the cus- He: "S.o what." Freshman: "I hate this damn tomer said. "It means, 'Make She: "You'd better go." place." it like the damned drawing for Sophomore: "It could be once." worse." * * ... Junior: "It's rough, but think ......... of the future I'm buildingl" Senior; "I hate this damn M. E.: "I like mathematics place." when it isn't over my head." After his team had lost an Ch. E.: "I feel the same way important game, football coach about pigeons." Hugh Duffy Daugherty of Mich- *** igan State told a gathering of ......... disgruntled alumni: "I appreci- Chemistry Professor: "Young ate the wonderful support given man, why aren't you taking Professor to noisy class: me by this group. I shall always notes?" "Order please." treasure your telegram, "We are Student: "I don't have to sir, A voice from the back of the with you, win or tiel" I've got my grandfather's." room, "Two beers." 49 March, 1963 THE MICHIGAN ELECTRONICS Michigan is a basically one-industry INDUSTRY state. That industry is, of course, the automotive industry. by ORVILLE C. BARR To determine the relative importance of various other manufacturing indus- contracts or 3 per cent valued at 304.3 tries, especially the electronics indus- million dollars or 70 per cent of the try, to Michigan's economic conditions, money value; Michigan food industries a general survey of Michigan industry received only 15 contracts or 2 per cent was made. An extensive survey of of the total valuedatO.8milliondollars, the electronic industry in Michigan was less than 1 per cent; Chemical and also made in order to present informa- petroleum received 35 contracts or 4 tion of interest to engineering students per cent valued at 4.0 million dollars General Motors Corp., who wish to find employment in Mich- or 1 per cent of the total; and the re- AC Spark Plug Dtv., Flint, igan in electronic research and manu- maining 50 per cent of the contracts, Computer $1,156,322, facturing. numbering 342, accounted for 26 per Spark plugs $825,009, cent of the total value by adding 112.4 Spark plugs $582,000, In making a survey of Michigan's in- million dollars to the totals. In 1957 Spark plugs not available dustry and the relative importance of the totals for the state were 696 con- Spark plugs $168,714, the various types, several assumptions tracts valued at over 430 million dol- Spark plugs $637,790, were made. First, it was assumed that lars. B 0 m bin g navigational system, a representative view of industry was bombing navigational computer that gained by examining defense con- In order to gain greater insight into $470,261, tracts issued to Michigan manufactur- the electronics industry in Michigan Fire control system $370,263, ers. A second assumption was that new in the year of 1957, we will next ex- Detroit Diesel Engine Div., Detroit corporations do not enter dying indus- amine the contracts listed above under Generator Sets $99,130, trial areas. The author feels one can electronic and electrical. They will be Engine generator assemblies gain the information desired by ex- divided up by manufacturer and such $880,000, amining records of defense contracts information as product and value will United Motor Service Div., Detroit issued to Michigan companies and by be given. Generator $32,786, examining records of the new corpora- Spark plugs $32,091, tions formed within the state, their The contracts awarded for electronic Voltage regulators and distribu- products and their capital investment. and electrical products during 1957 tor assembly $29,012; were as follows: Kirkhof Electric Co., Grand Rapids, To make an analysis easier, Mich- Beck Products Corp., Detroit Main control switch board $180,894; igan's industries were broken down Spark plug cable $31,514, Lear, Inc., Grand Rapids, into five general classes: Electronic Spark plug cable $25,735; Installation of autopilot $34,062, and electrical; non-electrical auto- Bendix Aviation Corp., Detroit Indica tor, altitude remote motive; food; chemical and petroleum; Digital communication system $2,556,750, and miscellaneous. The information is $69,288; F I i g h t control systems, spares, from 1957, 1959, 1961. Burroughs Corp., Detroit, spare parts $3,961,851; Test equipment for bomb director set Mechanical Products, Inc., Jackson In 1957, the defense contracts lined $179,312; Circuit breakers $37,748, up this way: electronics and electrical Continental Motors Corp., Detroit Circuit hreakers $44,533; got 41 contracts or 6 per cent of the Engine generator sets $111,955, Miller Industries, Spring Lake, total value at 14.6 million dollars Engine generator sets $59,735; Antenna $47,164, which was 3 per cent of the total; non- Electro- Voice, Inc., Buchanan Antenna $51,1l0, electrical automotive received 263 Loudspeakers $38,092; Antenna $48,175, 50 Spartan Engineer Antenna for aircraft $59,000; ceived 38 contracts for 4 per cent of Maintenance data requirements for Nucor Research, Inc., Ferndale, the total, valued at 4.3 mil1ion dollars, data transmitting set $88,336, Neutron survey meter $39,Il3; or 1.7 per cent of the total value; and Teletypewriters $2,666,323, R. C. Allen Business Machines, Inc., the remaining 55 per cent of the con- Data Transmitting set $350,000; Grand Rapids, tracts, 473 in number, accounted for Charles M. Reeder & Co., Detroit, Turn and slip indicators $43,887, 88.9 mi11ion dollars, or 34 per cent of Theromopiles $35,000; Turn and slip indicators $153.755, the total. Continental Motors Corp., Detroit, Turn and bank indicators $56,941; Generator sets $82,800, Regents of the University of Michigan, A quick comparison of these figures Engine generator sets $55,200, Ann Arbor, with the previous ones given for 1957 Ignition coil $28,118, Studies in radar $50,000, shows that electronics in Michigan has Current and voltage regulator Electronic measurements $560,000; gained from 3 per cent of the total $28,891; Rett Products Co., Detroit valuation to 16 per cent, a 533 per cent Electric Construction & Machinery Co. Regulator, generator assembly increase. Losing much ground was of Michigan, Detroit, $258,232; non-electrical aut 0 mot i v e, which Construction of electrical distribu- Sparton Corporation, Electronics Div., dropped from 70 per cent of the total tion, Selfridge Air Force Base Jackson, valuation to 48 per cent, a loss of $102,299; Receiver radio, antenna $68,708; 31 per cent. Foods and chemicals re- Electro-Mechanical Products Co., Sun-Lite Mfg. Co., Detroit, mained steady at about 0 per cent and Garden City, Ballasts, fluorescent lamps $19,815. 1 per cent respectively. Miscellaneous Generators $69,960, products increased in percentage of Adapter set, engine electrical test total valuation from 26 per cent to 34 not available If we take this data and divide it up per cent, helping electronics offset the Voltmeter gage and clamp assembly into three groups, automotive electri- losses in automotive contracts. $91,903, cal, non-automotive electrical, and Headlight dimmer switch assembly electronic, we find that the electronic $63,958, Perhaps these figures are mislead- Voltmeter gage $127,249, class takes 72 per cent of the value ing, for they do not indicate the actual Voltage regulator $152,310, of the contracts, automotive electrical value of these contracts to the state. Generator $57,371, 26 per cent and non-automotive elec- One need only compare the total of 430 Starter coil switch assembly trical 2 per cent. mi1lion dollars in 1957 to the total of $26,380, 260 million dollars in 1959 to see that Light switch assembly $96,901; This information shows that, if de- Michigan was not in the Federal gov- The Electric Auto-Lite Co., Wire and fense contracts are a good indicator, ernment's favor in 1959. The gains Cable Div., POrt Huron, Michigan's electronic industry is three made by electronics in percentage did Electrical wire $69,419; times as important as her automotive nothing to offset the loss of money due E1ect.o-Voice, Inc., Buchanan, electricai industry. Thus, from this to loss of automotive contracts. Loud speaker assembly $38,228, and information given earlier, approx- imately 2 per cent of the total defense Microphone dynamic $382,800; dollars coming into Michigan come General Motors Corp., Perhaps some idea can be formed only because of her electronics indus- AC Spark Plug Div., Flint, about which Michigan electronic firms try. That is the way the story was in Spare parts for bombing naviga- are shaping up into real assets by ex- 1957, anyway. tional computer $53,441, amining the breakdown of the electron- Spark plugs $144,091, ic-electrical contracts. Before continuing on with defense Spark plugs $470,085, Spark plugs $904,335, contracts, let's take a look at the new In 1959 the electronic and electrical Spark plugs $109,445, corporations formed in Michigan in con t r act s were distributed among Spark plugs $57,525, 1957. Available data indicates some Michigan manufacturers in the follow- Spark plugs $42,763, 781 new corporations were formed in ing manner and for the indicated prod- Spark plugs $137,730, Michigan in 1957. Of these, 18, or 2.3 ucts: Detroit Diesel Engine Div., Detroit, per cent, indicated an intention to enter Allen Electric & Equipment Co., Kala- Non-m a g net i c Diesel generator into the manufacture of electronic or mazoo, set, voltage regulators $72,303, electrical devices. They accounted for Battery charger $37,482; Diesel engine generator sets 2.1 per cent of the capital investment Board of Governors, Wayne State Uni- $1,161,495, made by new corporations during the Engine generator sets $143,107, year. versity, Detroit, Res ear c h Surface Phenomena in United Motors Service Div., Detroit, Semiconductors and growth of Semi- Electric engine starter $67,549, In 1959, the defense contracts let to conductor Crystals $IlO,OOO, Starter assembly $28,646, Michigan industry were divided as fol- Res ear c h Surface Phenomena in Engine generator regulator lows: electronics and electrical got 89 $31,260, contracts, or 10 per cent of the total Semiconductors and the growth of Semiconductor Crystals $45,458; Distributor ignition system and these were valued at 42.3 mi11ion $30,353, dollars, or 16.1 percent; non-electrical Bendix Aviation Corp., Research Lab- Generators, starters, conduit and automotive received 258 contracts for oratories Div., Detroit, Design, development television sys- conductor assembly, regulator 30 per cent of the total with a value tem for detecting and tracking arti- covers $36,866, of 123.8 mi11ion dollars which was 48 ficial earth satellites $71,243; Delco-Remy starters $40,310, per cent of the total; food industries ac- Electric engine starter $48,606; counted for only 1 per cent of the total Burroughs Corp., Detroit Maintenance and service for coordi- Jervis Corp., Grandvi11e, by bringing through 11 contracts valued $54,376; nate data transmitter and associated Solenoid at 0.4 mi1liondollars, 0.2 per cent of the total value; chemical and petroleum re- equipment $950,000, Continued 51 March, 1963 Kirkhof Electric Co., Grand Rapids, Sonobuoys $1,709,115, The electronic-electrical contracts Electrical equipment $49,170, Design, develop and furnish bathy- awarded to Michigan firms in 1961were Control board and relay equipment thermograph transmitter sets distributed among the following manu- $18,440, (see article in this issue) $117,119; facturers for the indicated items: Main control switch boards $132,870; Strand Engineering Co., Ann Arbor, Acromag, Inc., Southfield, Lear, Inc., Grand Rapids, Data recorder $59,800, S/L/M for instrumentation amplifi- Loft bomb release computer sets Control transmitters $193,618; ers $31,500; $12,638,579, Worden Specialty & Machine Co., Ply- The Bendix Corporation, Detroit, Ben- Design, develop, and fabricate accel- mouth, dix Systems Division, eration switch and transducer Engine generator regulator control ADVENT satellite communications $29,996, $83,244. system $1,400,000, Brush and amplifier assemblies ADVENT communications satellite $107,262, Dividing this up as we did for 1957's system $42,193, Altitude indicators remote $154,222, data, we find electronics accounts for Electronic equipment $600,000, Altitude indicators $27,270, 87 per cent of the value of the elec- ADVENT satellite communications Components of automatic flight con- tronic and electrical contracts, up system $2,980,000; trol systems $463,437, from 72 per cent in 1957; automotive Burroughs Corp., Detroit, Develop, fabricate, test remote electrical accounted for 11 per cent, Depot level maintenance, computer stand-by altitude-indicating systems taking a steep dive from 26 per cent system, sub-assemblies, compon- $25,000, in 1957; and non-automotive electri- ents and aerospace ground equip- Repair, overhaul bombing systems cal accounted for 2 per cent, re- ment $100,000, $86,250, maining steady from 1957. In-service testing support for Atlas Repair, overhaul controls and indi- radio guidance computing system cators $85,000, $44,000, Autopilot cancellers $31,629, One interesting point is the rapid ad- Coordinate data transmitting sets Autopilot system $36,592, vances made by Lear, Inc., of Grand $3,000,000; Gyro-indicator systems $347,446, Rapids. They moved from having 44 Continental Motors Corp., Detroit, Indicators $95,930, per cent of the total valuation of the Starter assembly $34,930; Indica tor s $32,500, electronic-electrical contracts to 68 Electro-Voice, Inc., Buchanan, Control assemblies $3,175,625, per cent. Microphone $83,992, Gyro-indicating units $2,927,416, Res e a I' chand development work, Altitude controls $89,015, miniature hand-set radios $336,824; All altitude indicators $75,000, Elox Corp. of Michigan, Troy, Altitude indicators $330,200, Before moving on to 1961, let's look at the new Michigan corporations of Electrical-discharge machine Controller assembly $2,145,772, $31,887; 1959. Loft bomb relea se computers, equip- General Motors Corp., ment, spare parts $3,857,582, AC Spark Plug Div., Flint, Engineering and installation of radio Maintenance, Thor weapon sys- Of the approximately 1000 new cor- sets in aircraft $73,619, tems inertial guidance system and porations formed in the state during Altitude indicators and gyroscopes ground equipment $500,000, 1959, 25, or 2.5 per cent, indicated a $532,181, definite intention to manufacture elec- AGE and airborne sparef and spare Various components MC-l automatic tronic and/or electrical products. They parts guidance subsystem flight control system $1,488,003; represented 2.6 per cent of the capital $2,150,000, Michigan Tectronics Inc., Detroit, investment made by new manufacturing Spark plugs $58,500, Power electrical cable assembly corpora tions. Spark plugs $265,045, $41,455; Spark plugs $3,292,191, R. A. Miller Industries, Spring Lake, Spark plugs $72,563, Navy-type antenna $22,950; In the last year to be covered, 1961, Spark plugs $192,012, R. C. Allen Business Machines, Inc., the defense contracts were split up as Spark plugs $327,565, Grand Rapids, follows: electronic and electrical re- Spark plugs $94,800, Turn and bank indicators $44,255, ceived 65 contracts valued at 30.7 mil- Spark plugs $49,422, Turn and slip indicators $83,022; lion dollars for 7 per cent of the num- Turn and slip indicators $34,210, In-service engineering for the in- ber and 9.3 per cent of the total value; ertial guidance system and associ- Turn and slip indicators $44,520, foods received 30 contracts worth 2.2 Turn and slip indicators $116,160, ated AGE of the Thor weapon sys- million dollars to the state and thus ac- tem $50,000; Transmitter, rate gyroscope counted for 3.5 per cent of the contracts Detroit Diesel Engine Div., Detroit, $56,117; and 0.5 per cent of the total valuation; Ram Meter, Inc., Ferndale, Diesel generator set, voltage regu- chemical and petroleum received 3.5 lator $44,332; Tester aircraft motor generator, en- per cent of the contracts in the form of United Motors Service Div., Detroit, gineering data $34,000; 31 contracts valued at 2.3 million dol- Coil ignition $36,712, Ray Whyte Electric Products, East De- lars, about 0.7 per cent of the total troit, Regulator assembly $30,909, valuation; non - electrical automotive Starter assembly $80,711, Electric cable assembly $92,847; received 285 contracts valued at 234.2 Regents of the University of Michigan, Starter assembly $41,410, million dollars, 33 per cent of the total Horn, electrical $53,349, Ann Arbor, and 71 per cent of the value; andMich- Crossed field electron devices Starter assembly $152,289, igan's miscellaneous industries re- Headlight dimmer switch assembly $100,083; ceived 461 contracts valued at 61.0 Rett Products Co., Detroit, $60,920; million dollars, 53 per cent of the num- Hurd-Darbee, Inc., Detroit, Generator assembly $438,007; ber and 18.5 per cent of the dollars. Sparton Corp., Electronics Div., Jack- Radio-graphs $49,789; The totals for the state in 1961 were son, 330 million dollars from 872 contracts. Continued on page 54 52 Spartan Engi neer together in the form of a "fuel bat- A Practical tery." It is estimated thatthe maximum SPARTaN CORP. efficiency of fuel batteries of this type would be in the neighborhood of 30 per fuel Cell cent, using natural gas as the fuel. Greater efficiency maybepossiblewith other hydrocarbons. By comparison, Continued from page 32 and components. Full residence facil- from the typical internal-combustion auto- mobile engine is about 20 per cent efficient, large central-station power ities are maintained for an U.S. Air Force inspector and staff at the plant. General plants achieve about 40 per cent and hydrogen fuel cells operate in the range of 50-80 per cent efficiency. Within the framework of this quality control system, Sparton Electronics has a range of equipment permitting such tests as altitude, temperature, Electric (In a fuel cell-as in a conventional humidity, vibration, shock and radio interference. battery - electrons mOVefrom one elec- trode to the other, then pass outside Thus Sparton, because of this qual- through a circuit in which they do use- ity control system, has a proven rec- A step toward the long-sought goal ful work as an electric current. Unlike ord of producing high reliabilityequip- of a practical fuel cell that will op- a conventional battery, however, the ment in both large and limited volume erate on inexpensive fuels such as fuel cell draws its energy from a fuel as well as prototype and experimental natural gas has been demonstrated by that is piped in - natural gas, in the runs. scientists at the General Electric Re- case of the new cell - instead of con- search Laboratory. suming its own electrodes.) Sparton has certain controlled clean Fuel cells are devices that convert room areas devoted exclusively to the chemical energy directly into elec- In the new General Electric fuel cell, assembly and testing of high reliabil- trical energy without the use of moving the natural gas breaks downinto carbon ity components. The newest develop- parts. Most earlier fuel cells an- and hydrogen. Carbon builds up inside ments are utilized. nounced by General Electric and others the cell to form one electrode. Oxygen have operated on hydrogen, a fuel sub- is obtained from air which is intro- Assembly operations in the con- stantially higher in cost than the com- duced into the other electrode (molten trolled areas are dehumidified and mon hydrocarbons (natural gas, pro- silver), and yields its electrons to the temperature controlled; assembly op- pane, coal, and gasoline). Cost factors carbon and combines with part of the e rat ion s are dust free; ultrasonic are therefore likely to limit hydrogen carbon to form carbon monoxide gas. cleaning methods are used. Checking fuel cells to specialty applications The electrons are conducted out of the equipment is fully automated, com- such as power sources for spacecraft cell as an electronic current. To supply pletely self-contained and produces and portable military communication heat for the self-sustaining feature of visual, typewritten and punched tape systems. the cell, the left-over carbon monoxide information on the reliability at stages and hydrogen gases are burned within in the assembly. General Electric's new cell operates the cell assembly. at high temperatures and incorporates With a well-integrated team or re- novel features for" self-starting" and searchers and engineers, supported for maintaining itself at approximately Laboratory versions of non-self- by broad production facilities, Sparton 2,000 degrees F. without the use of sustaining cells have operated on nat- Electronics is looking for newhorizons externally applied heat. The new cell ural gas and oxygen at current densi- to conquer. is the result of work carried out at the ties of up to ISO ampered per square Metallurgy and Ceramics Research De- foot at 0.7 volt. Similar cells on life Sparton Electronics is advantageous- partment of the Research Laboratory test at lower current densities have ly located within a day's drive of all the and includes contributions from Ralph been operated for as long as 3,OOOhours major universities and technical col- E. Carter, William A. Rocco, H. Ste- without deterioration. leges in the Midwest, where talent and phen Spacil, and William E. Tragert. facilities to conquer these newhorizons Among the advantages of the new is abundant. New talent is integrated "The achievement of a fuel cell that cell is the fact that it does not re- with experienced electronic engineers runs on inexpensive hydrocarbon fuel quire significant quantities of expen- and technicians who have earned na- offers the hope that power generators sive catalytic electrode material. Gen- tional recognition for their capabilities. of this type may someday be used for eral Electric scientists also point out industrial applications, vehicles, and that the solid electrolyte has great The parent Sparton Corporation is even bulk energy production," Dr. Guy structural and chemical stability. a publicly owned and professionally Suits, General Electric vice president managed company with assets in excess and director of research, said. In his ann 0 u n c e men t, Dr. Suits of 7.0 million dollars and a favorable emphasized that General Electric has ratio of assets to liabilities. Common Dr. Suits cautioned, however, that "a research and development programs stock, listed on the New York Stock great deal of research and development encompassing a wide variety of fuel Exchange, is held by 7,000 sharehold- remains to be done before fuel cells cell types. General Electric's Direct ers. operating on natural gas become mar- Energy Conversion Operation in Lynn, ketable products." Mass., is presently engaged in the development, manufacture and sale of fuel cells and has a contract to pro- The novel cell has a solid electrolyte vide the power source for the two-man made of zirconia, a refractory oxide. Several of the cells have been stacked "Gemini" spacecraft. 53 March, 1963 Continued from page 52 This data can be broken down into the following: electronic, 80 per cent Lear, Inc., Grand Rapids, of the dollar value of the electronic Amplifiers $40,068, and electrical contracts; automotive Gyro-control and amplifier $535,810, electrical, 18 per cent; and non-auto- Automatic flight control system and motive electrical 2 per cent. data $1,119,854, Gyroscope, displacement roll and pitch $1,991,430, Of the 459 new corporations formed Indicators, altitude $268,726, in the state in 1~61 for which data is Services and materials to put bomb available, 22 or 5 per cent indicated computer systems in condition an intention to manufacture electronic $74,000, or electrical equipment. Data was not Improvements of remote-altitude in- available for more than 80 per cent dicators $110,811, of the new corporations so the numbers Spare parts, ground control system, indicated above should not be compared equipment and data $1,228,975, with those of previous years. Synchronizers $27,728, Automatic flight control system com- ponents $2,034,564, The reader will recall that in 1957 Altitude indicators $189,357; the electronic and electrical contracts Mechanical Products Co., Jackson, accounted for 3 per cent of the total Circuit breaker $44,200, dollar value of the defense contracts Circuit breaker $102,063, issued within the state, in 1959 this Circuit breakers $282,494; had risen to 16 per cent, and now we Peer, Inc., Benton Harbor, see that in 1961 it fell back to 9 per Monitor and control equipment cent. It appears that the Michigan $196,527; electronics industry is making gains, Pneumo Dynamics Corp., Grand Rap- although rather ragged, in the nation's ids, eyes. The loss of this industry to the Rate gyro transmitter $56,140; state would be felt by many in the forms R. A. Miller Industries, Spring Lake, of loss of jobs, sagging tax rolls, etc. Antennas, used with radar equip- This industry is important to Michigan. ment $25,545, Antennas $49,514, Antennas $43,954, Not all Michigan electronics firms Antennas $30,274; get defense contracts. Here are a few R. C. Business Machines, Inc., Grand which failed to get into the data pre- Rapids, sented above. Conduction Corp., Ann Indicators $31,682, Arbor, produces microwave equipment Transmitter, ground support and data and components. They are a leader in $53,324; the field of three-dimensional radar Ram Meter Inc., Ferndale, which is becoming more and more im- Aircraft test stand inverter $60,920; portant in our defense effort. Applied Ray Whyte Electric Products, East De- Dynamics of Ann Arbor currently has troit, a 3 million dollar backlog for its analog Regulator, engine generator control This pretty five-feet-eight, blue- computers. Vemco Products Inc., De- $66,501; eyed coed was chosen as Miss Spartan troit, produces electronic t r a ff i c Regents of the University of Michigan, Engineer for January, 1963. Margery counters and industrial garage door Ann Arbor, Wiegand graduated from Ferndale High operators. The Heath Co., BentonHar- Services to conduct research in field School in Pleasant Ridge, Mich., a small bor, is the world's largest producer of combat surveillance, radar, infra- town outside Detroit. of electronic equipment in kit form for red and surveillance information home entertainment, amateur radio, processing $4,000,000, Margery, a sophomore, is majoring industrial and research laboratories, Service on electronic Countermeas- in business education. During the sum- and educational kits. They produce ev- ures modification $25,000, mer Ford Motor Company is graced e r y t h i n g from analog computers to Research services satellite detec- by her presence as a stenographer. transister radios, all in kit form or tion $258,000; As an active participant in student ac- some preas sembled. Berry Industries Rett Electronics, Inc., Warren, tivities, she works With the Social and Inc., Birmingham and Ann Arbor, pro- Design, develop and fabricate gen- Publicity committees in West Mary duce electronic garage door openers. e rat 0 r, regulator, rectifier, and Mayo dormitory. A leader in the field of home enter- starter test stands $49,800, During her free time Margery likes tainment, Voice of Music Corp., Ben- Voltage regulators $26,890; to ski, skate and dance. Margery in- ton Harbor, is another famous mem- Sparton Corporation, Electronics Div., tends to live in an apartment next ber of Michigan's electronic industry. Jackson. year and she is socially uncommitted Kal Equip of Otsego and Fox Valley Radio receiver Instrument Co. of Cheboygan manu- at the momem.-------------HURRY (see article) $123,966; fa c t u r e electronic automobile test The Warner & Swasey Co., DuplexDiv., equipment. PAUL DUGAS Lansing, Engine generator, automatic Diesel 309 E. Shaw No, Michigan is not a one industry $139,830, state. Why? You and I both know that Won the Free Subscription Generator plant $26,688, automobiles have at least one im- to our Magazine Diesel engine generator $67,520. portant competitor, electronics I by naming Margery 54 Spartan Engineer The design is thousands of years old. Called "Man," it has evolved reasonably efficient techniques for coping with weather, saber-toothed tigers, city traffic, floods and income taxes. 0 But now it faces a problem of a new order of magnitude ... survival beyond the protective cocoon of the earth's environment. In this airIess, weightless, radiative region, man needs a big assist. Douglas is working to pro- vide it. 0 Douglas scientists are far along in studies of eco- logical systems for the maintenance of human life under EARTH'S MOST COMPLICATED SYSTEM extra-terrestrial conditions. These research areas cover the ... A STIMULATING AREA FOR CREATIVE ENGINEERS varied life and physical sciences and engineering systems which are involved. They range from psycho-physiological analyses to the actual plan- ning of the establishment and support of cities on the moon. The above is only one of hundreds of interesting assign- ments at Douglas. If you are seeking a stimulating career with an organization in the thick of the most vital programs of today and tomorrow, we invite you to contact us. Write to Mr. S. A. Amestoy, Douglas Aircraft Company, 3000 Ocean Park Boulevard, Santa Monica, California. Box fiOO-X. Douglas DOUGLAS Aircraft is an equal opportunity employer. 55 March, 1963 THE ADVERTISER'S INDEX Adverti ser Page Adverti ser Page ALLISON DIV. OF GENERAL MOTORS ••••• 31 THE GARRETT CORPORATION ••••••••• 19 AMERICAN OIL COMPANY ••••••••••••• 7 GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY •••• Bock Cover THE ASPHALT INSTITUTE ••••••••••••• 56 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CO. 14-15 BETHLEHEM STEEL COMPANY ••••••••• 10 MALLEABLE FOUNDERS SOCI ETY ••••••• 4 CHANCE VOUGHT MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY •••••••• 3 (Sub. of Ling-Temco-Vought, Inc.) ••••••• 26 OLIN MATHIESON CHEMICAL CORP •••••• 45 COLLINS RADIO COMPANY •••••••••••• 2 PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION •••••• 5 CUTLER-HAMME~, INe. •••••••••••••• 36-37 PRA TT & WHITNEY AIRCRAFT DELCO RADIO (Div. of General Motors) ••••• 41 (Div. of United Aircraft) ••••••••••••• 28-29 DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT CO., INC •••••••••• 55 SYLVANIA ELECTRONICSDIV •••••••••• 13 DROP FORGING ASSOCIA TION •••••••••• 43 UNION CARBIDE CORPORA nON ••••••••• E. I. DuPONT de NEMOURS & CO., INC ••••• 11 WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP ••• Inside cover EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY ••• Inside bock cover WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY ••••••••• 27 FORD MOTOR COMPANY •••••••••••••• 6 4QCIVII. ENGINEERS: Prepare for your future in highway engineering - get the facts about new DEEP-STRENGTH (Asphalt-Base) pavement Modern pavement engineering has taken a "giant step forward" with DEEP-STRENGTHAsphalt construction for new roads and streets. There is a growing need for engineers with a solid background in the fundamentals of Asphalt technology and pavement construction as new Inter- state and other superhighways in all parts of the country are being built with advanced design DEEP-STRENGTHAsphalt pavement. Your contribution-and reward-in our nation's vast road-building program can depend on your knowledge of modern Asphalt technology. So prepare for your future now. Write us today. THE ASPHALT INSTITUTE, College Park. Maryland THE ASPHALT INSTITUTE, College Park, Md. Gentlemen: Please send me your free student library on Asphalt Construction and Technology. NAME-- 'ClASS, _ ADDRESS _ ClTY STATE _ SCHOOL _ 56 Kodak beyond the snapshot ... The powder is vitamin E. Vitamin E is essential to human life. Also to poultry and livestock. This much is enough for about 200 multivitamin tablets. We make so much of it for the pharmaceutical manufacturers that the operation long ago entered the domain of chemical engineering. It's an especially interesting kind of chemical engineering, related to the kind we have been developing over the years in our basic business of manufacturing photographic materials. Vitamin E is in no way a by.product of photographic manufacturing. Only the engineering skills behind it are a by-product. They come out of the maddeningly sensitive nature of sensitized film and paper. Now they are available for the thousands of other fascinating things we make besides vitamin E. We need more chemical engineers to indoctrinate in our ways. The snapshot business is excellent, but photography has gone far beyond the snapshot and we have gone far beyond photography. Please drop us a note asking for an explanation of what all this has to do with you. EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY. Business & Technical Personnel Department ROCHESTER 4, N.Y.• We are an equal-opportunity employer. Manufacturing Careers Offer Diversity, Challenge and Opportunity a. An Interview Mr. Miller, what do engineers do in manufacturing? A. Engineers design, build, equip, and operate our General Electric plants through- with G.E.'s out the world. In General Electric, this is manufacturing work, and it sub-diyides into categories, such as quality control engineering, materials management, shop management, manufacturing engineering, and plant engineering. All of these jobs H. B. Miller, require technical men for many reasons. First, the complexity of our products is on the increase. Today's devices-involving mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, Vice President, electronic, chemical, and even atomic components-call for a high degree of technical knowhow. Then there's the progressive trend toward mechanization and Manufacturing automation that demands engineering skills. And finally, the rapid development of new tools and techniques has opened new doors of technical opportunity-elec- Services tronic data processing, computers, numerically programmed machine tools, auto- matic processing, feedback control, and a host of others. In short, the require- ments of complex products of more exacting quality, of advanced processes and lechniques of manufacture, and of industry's need for higher productivity add up to an opportunity and a challenge in which the role of engineers is vital. a. How do opportunities for technical graduates in manufacturing stack up with other areas? A. Manufacturing holds great promise for the creative technical man with leader- ship ability. Over 60 percent of the 250,000 men and women in General Electric are in manufacturing. You, as an engineer, will become part of the small technical core that leads this large force, and your opportunity for growth, therefore, is unexcelled. Technical graduates in manufacturing are teamed with those in mar- keting who assess customer needs; those in research and development who con- ceive new products; and those in engineering who create new product designs. I sincerely believe that the role of technical graduates of high competence in the manufacturing function is one of the major opportunities for progress in industry. Halbert B. Miller has managerial responsibility for General Electric's Q. What technical disciplines are best suited to a career in manufacturing? Manufacturing Services. This re- sponsibility includes performing serve A. We need men with Doctor's, Master's, and Bachelor's degrees in all the tech- ices work for the Company in the nical disciplines, including engineering, mathematics, chemistry and physics. We areas of manufacturing engineering; need M.B.A.'s also. General Electric's broad diversification plus the demands of manufacturing operations and or- modern manufacturing call for a wide range of first-class technical talent. For one ganization; quality control; person- nel development; education, train- example: outside of the Federal Government, we're the largest user of computers ing and communications; materials in the United States. Just think of the challenge to mathematicians and business- management; purchasing and sys- systems men. tems as well as the Real Estate and Construction Operation. Mr. Miller holds a degree in mechanical engi- a. My school work has emphasized fundamentals. Will General Electric train neering and began his General me in the specifics I need to be effective? Electric career as a student engi- A. Yes, the Manufacturing Training Program is designed to do just that. Seminars neer on the Company's T est Course which cover the sub-functions of manufacturing will expose you to both the theo- retical and practical approaches to operating problems. Each of the succeeding jobs you have will train you further in the important work areas of manufacturing. For complete information obout General Electric's a. After the Program-what? Manufacturing Training Pro- A. From that point, your ability and initiative will determine your direction. gram and for a copy of Gra?~ates of the Manufacturing Training Program have Company. wide oppor. G.E.'s Annual Report, write tUllitIes and they continue to advance to positions of greater responsibility. to: Personalized Career Planning, General Electric Company, Section 699-06, "Progress Is Our Alos! /mporlt1l1f P,ot/u(;f Schenectady 5, New York. GENERAL _ ELECTRIC