WHO DOES THE THINKING FOR THINKING MACHINES? Even though we didn't invent it, we at American Oil use the computer so extensively in Linear Programming that we often think of it as "our baby." And as such it must be spoon-fed known data by experts in order to come up with the answers to a myriad of refinery operation problems. One of the experts at American Oil who helps the thinking machine think is Leonard Tenner, 24, a graduate Chemical Engi- neer from M.I.T. His current assignment: prepare a mathematical model covering the manufacture of gasoline, home fuel and jet fuel from crude oil. The fact that many gifted and earnest young men like Len Tenner are finding challenging careers at American Oil could have special meaning for you. American Oil offers a wide range of new research opportunities for: Chemists—analytical, electrochemical, physical, and organic; Engineers—chemical, mechanical, and metal- lurgical; Masters in Business Administration with an engineering (preferably chemical) or science background; Mathematicians; Physicists. For complete information about interesting careers in the Re- search and Development Department, write: J. H. Strange, American Oil Company, P. O. Box 431, Whiting, Indiana. IN ADDITION TO FAR-REACHING PROGRAMS INVOLVING FUELS, LUBRICANTS AND PETRO- CHEMICALS, AMERICAN OIL AND ITS AFFILIATE, AMOCO CHEMICALS, ARE ENGAGED IN SUCH D I V E R S I F I E D RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AS: Organic ions under electron impact / Radiation-induced reactions / Physiochemical nature of catalysts / Fuel cells / Novel separations by gas chromatography / Application of computers to complex technical problems / Synthesis and potential applications for aromatic acids / Combustion phenomena / Design and economics: new uses for present products, new products, new processes / Corrosion mechanisms / Development of new types of surface coatings. Students very rarely ask a campus interviewer ques- representative's business. He's on your campus to be tions like these. But they should. The answers will re- veal a great deal about a company. Allied helpful-to give you all the facts you need in order Chemical has the answers. Ask our repre- to make a sound career decision. sentative next time he visits your campus. Your placement office can tell you when When you talk with him, be sure to ask our representative will arrive-and sup- the questions you want to ask. Answering ply you with a copy of "Your Future in your questions is an important part of our Allied Chemical." Allied Chemical Corp., • Dept.200,61Broadway,N. Y. 6, N. Y. Volume 17 NO. 1 November, 1963 11 EDITORIAL 40 A WINNING EFFORT 14 DEAN'S LETTER 45 MICHIGAN INDUSTRY 17 FACULTY REVUE 46 MSU NEWS NOTES 18 PILOT PROGRAM 51 SOCIETY PAGE 24 MSU RESEARCH 54 SIDETRACKED 34 MISS ENGINEER The November cover is a characteri zation of Michigan State's College of Engineering progress and bursti ng fl i ght toward the heavens of advancement and achievement. This recent Bethlehem Loop Course class includes 202 graduates of 78 colleges and universities. They are fresh from campuses in 32 states and the District of Columbia . . . from Maine to California, from Minnesota to Georgia. If you are interested in a career in the management of a diversified and growing industrial corporation, and if, in all modesty, you consider yourself qualified to meet the challenge—consider the Bethlehem Steel Loop Course. Most Loopers are Engineers All the technical degrees indicated here are represented in this Loop class, and in virtually every Loop class. Of the 202 members, 154 are engineering graduates; twelve have non-engineering technical degrees; and 36 possess business administration, liberal arts, or other non-technical degrees. Your career at Bethlehem Steel might be in steelmaking operations, research, sales, fabricated steel construction, mining, shipbuilding, or other activities depending on your specific interests. All require the talents of college trained men. You can get a copy of our booklet, "Careers with Bethlehem Steel and the Loop Course," at your Placement Office, or by sending a postcard to our Personnel Division, Bethlehem, Pa. NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY (NRL) -heavy emphasis on pure and basic research into all the physical sciences under sponsor- ship of various government agencies in order to increase knowledge of these sciences them- selves . . . as well as to improve materials, techniques, and systems for the Navy. NAVAL ORDNANCE LABORATORY (NOL) —conducting RDT & E of complete ordnance systems, assemblies, components and ma- terials pertaining to existing, advanced, and proposed weapons . . . principally to missiles and underseas ordnance. Located at White Oak, Silver Spring, Md. U. S. NAVAL NAVAL WEAPONS LABORATORY —engaged, first, in studying ballistics, astro- nautics, and advanced weapons systems through research in mathematics, physics, and engineering . . . and, second, in working LABORATORIES on various classified DOD projects with the latest computer technology and systems. NWL is located at Dahlgren, Virginia. NAVAL OCEANOGRAPHIC of the POTOMAC OFFICE —growing programs involving environmental investigations of, and new developments, methods, techniques, and equipment in ocea- nography, hydrography, gravity, magnetism, instrumentation, and related navigational sci- ence . . . including charts and publications. You may already be familiar with one or more of the Navy's research and Was the Navy's Hydrographic Office. development organizations in suburban Washington and nearby communi- ties. But this will be your first contact with all EIGHT as an entity . . . the DAVID TAYLOR first in a series of personal messages frankly intended to acquaint engineers MODEL BASIN and scientists of almost all disciplines and levels of experience with the un- —a complex of four laboratories (Hydrome- usual advantages offered in common by the U. S. Naval Laboratories of the chanics, Aerodynamics, Structural Mechanics, Potomac—in the heartland of the nation's research effort. and Applied Mathematics) conducting funda- mental and applied research into submarine, surface ship, aircraft, and missile design concepts . . . applied mathematics . . . and Nowhere else can you find . . . related instrumentation. • The opportunity, not occasionally • The freedom to think and act on but constantly, to work on and contrib- your own initiative, unfettered by the NAVAL PROPELLANT PLANT ute to large-scale programs of national corporate "profit-motive" limitation. —conducts studies in chemistry, chemical significance. engineering, chemical process development • Outstanding—and oftentimes • A nice blending of stability and op- and pilot plant operation for solid and liquid unique—facilities and equipments, portunity, enhanced by the fact that propellants . . . as well as manufactures, tests, backed up by the vast resources of the the Washington area has grown to be- and delivers missile propulsion units from their Indian Head, Maryland, facilities. Navy itself. come one of the four largest private 9 Broad-ranging responsibilities—far research centers in the nation. beyond what you're likely to find else- NAVAL AIR TEST CENTER where—for a number of programs, or • Career Civil Service—up to 26 days —responsible for RDT & E of advanced aircraft in a variety of study areas. (Your best paid vacation and 13 days sick leave and airborne weapons systems, with emphasis way to know what's going on, and to per year, partly-paid insurance pro- on improving carrier operations (esp. launch become widely known yourself.) and recovery), and aircraft radars, radio, gram, a new inflation-proof retirement IFF, data link, computers, ECM, etc. Today, 0 The stimulation of the Nation's policy, etc.—and a variety of graduate nearly half of the professional effort at this Capital, but in suburban areas, out of education programs for advance de- Patuxent River, Maryland, facility is devoted traffic and congestion. grees. to research. NAVAL OBSERVATORY —continued fundamental observations of posi- tions and motions of celestial bodies . . . basic research in positional astronomy and celestial mechanics . . . determination of precise times and frequencies . . . computing and publishing astronomical ephemerides and catalogs. Picture of a man in love! Young engineers seldom fall in love with corporations. design, development, engineering and testing of more But they do fall in love with their own work—when they're than a thousand different products in nine separate engi- given the opportunity to put their own best ideas into neering and research centers. action. International Harvester serves three basic industries: We are seeing these young men in increasing numbers at transportation, construction and agriculture. World-wide, International Harvester . . . men of many talents who the Company is the largest producer of heavy-duty trucks come to us because of our unique and growing variety of as well as farm equipment. International Harvester is a independent engineering assignments. leader in construction and earthmoving equipment, a major steel producer and, through its Solar facility, a Mechanical, industrial, agricultural, chemical, ceramic, pioneer in gas turbine development. metallurgical, general and civil engineers . . . mathemati- With an eye to still further progress, we have doubled our cians, computer technologists, program analysts .. . these research and engineering expenditures in the past ten are the types of graduates we need now for work in the years-and they are still growing! Meet the ambassadors Around the world, Union Carbide is making friends for America. Its 50 affiliated companies abroad serve growing markets in some 135 countries, and employ about 30,000 local people. • Many expressions of friendship have come from the countries in which Union Carbide is active. One of the most appealing is this collection of dolls. They were sent here by Union Carbide employees for a Christmas display, and show some of the folklore, customs, and crafts of the lands they represent. "We hope you like our contingent," said a letter with one group, "for they come as ambassadors from our country." • To Union Carbide, they also signify a thriving partnership based on science and technology, an exchange of knowledge and skills, and the vital raw materials that are turned into things that the whole world needs. A completely new Ford Motor Company 3-speed Simplified gear case design and a one-piece automatic drive for 1964 delivers improved aluminum casting result in a lighter, more passing performance... smoother acceleration compact transmission—one that has fewer . . . better start-ups (up to 35% higher torque components and is extremely easy to maintain. multiplication in Low) . . . more flexible down- Built to precision tolerances akin to those in hill braking , . . quieter operation in Neutral. missile production, the new automatic trans- With the introduction of this lighter, highly mission is truly a product of the space age, durable and efficient transmission in 1964 and is typical of technical progress at Ford. Comet, Fairlane and Ford models, our engi- Another assignment completed; another case neers have taken still another step toward of engineering leadership at Ford providing putting extra pep per pound into Ford-built cars. fresh ideas for the American Road. Develop a new surgical tool to freeze tissue, save lives ou work on projects that benefit and capabilities in cryogenic systems, ics, biochemistry, crystallography. Be- Y mankind when you're with Union Carbide's Linde Division. Con- sider this newcryogenic surgical equip- Linde Division was called upon to de- velop and produce the needed cryosur- gery device—a precision surgical probe fore deciding on any job, get to know all that's going on at LINDE. For information, write Recruiting ment, for example. It's used by major and a complete system capable of fur- Department, Union Carbide Corpora- hospitals in the United States, Canada, nishing controlled cold to the probe. tion, Linde Division, 270 Park Avenue, and Europe for treating the symptoms The result is the CE-2 Cryosurgery New York, N.Y. 10017. of Parkinsonism and other involuntary Equipment, a fully automatic unit that movement disorders. is easy to operate and maintains pre- Back in 1961, a new surgical tech- selected temperatures reliably. nique, using extremely cold tempera- The CE-2 permits using the ultra- tures, was announced to the medical low temperature of liquid nitrogen profession. (—320° F.) as a surgical tool with pre- In brief, this surgical procedure in- cision and safety in a practical operat- volves making a small burr hole in the ing range of 98° to —240° F. patient's skull; directing the probe into Work with LINDE and you work with the thalamic target; and using liquid ni- heat, cold, pressure, vacuum. You have trogen to freeze the appropriate tissue. a choice among programs in cryogen- Because of its extensive experience ics, plasmas, Flame-Plating, electron- Our Purpose At the beginning of this year, the Spartan Engineer underwent a reor- ganization and regeneration that we feel certain will raise the quality of this year's issues. In the past, the focus of the Spartan Engineer has shifted in varying degrees from industry and its research to a mixture of any available copy. In the future, we will focus our attention almost exclusively upon the Michigan State College of Engineering. We have moved our offices to the Engineering Building and tried in many other ways to associate ourselves more closely with campus engineering activities. Reports of engineering research, organizations, comprehensive curriculum changes, and a general insight of the various offerings of the College of Engineering is our goal. In general, we are striving to present our readers with material that will be as useful to them as it is entertaining. We will give them information which will greatly increase their knowledge of all the wonderful facilities, intelligent faculty, useful organizations, and expansive opportunities which the College of Engineering here at State has to offer. We hope our publication will encourage even greater participation of engineering students and the College of Engineering as a whole in campus activities. the problem—in business, industry, science, or gov- The accent is on the individual. Each IBM employee the IBM story, in brief, IBM was founded in We welcome ideas, talent, and ability. We offer to ernment; specifying the steps which the computer is given all the responsibility he can handle and all 1914. The achievements of the company have been man or woman who has them the opportunity exceptional. must execute to arrive at the desired result; and the support he needs to do his job. Advancement is move ahead rapidly. Above all, IBM offers room to testing the finished program. (Bachelor's or Mas- by merit. IBM is an Equal Opportunity Employer. achievement. IBM develops, manufactures, and markets machines ter's Degree—preferably in Mathematics, Science, for the handling, processing, and control of data. It Engineering, or Business Administration.) technical positions. Development Eng Broad education programs. To keep men abreast also installs this equipment and maintains it. neering: Challenging design and development work of new developments in their fields, education pro- will include new components, machines, and otherResearch: Basic research covering a broad spec- grams include on-site courses, advanced-degree IBM products range from electric typewriters sell- products involving circuitry, components, da trum of activity will be expanding at IBM in such courses at universities near IBM facilities, and com- ing for several hundred dollars to complete elec- communications, guidance systems, logical t areas as mathematics, physics, mechanics, optics, petitive, full-time scholarships leading to M.S. or tronic computer systems valued in the millions. In sign, magnetics, mathematics, microwaves, optionsolid state phenomena, chemistry, information Ph.D. Degrees at a university of the employee's addition, IBM produces advanced systems for space solid state devices, statistics. (A B.S. or advancetheory, machine organization. (An advanced degree choice. programs and national defense. degree in Electrical or Mechanical Engineering in Physics, Mathematics, Physical Chemistry, Engi- Mathematics, or Physics.) neering, or Engineering Science.) IBM systems, equipment, and machines are at work IBM's expansion has come through continuous in- in a wide range of activities covering almost every Manufacturing Engineering: Creative application novation and through new ideas and products. It field of endeavor: in business, industry, govern- new methods and processes will develop advancebasic information about IBM. Across- makes IBM an exciting place to work and learn. ment, research, science, education, and space ex- automation machinery to be used in the precision the-country operations. Laboratory and manufac- It also offers the kind of responsibility that leads to ploration. IBM research is continually exploring new manufacture of complex devices and electron turing facilities are located in Endicott, Kingston, rapid advancement. There's room for achievement areas of interest in a quest for basic knowledge. At equipment. (A B.S. or advanced degree in InduOwego, Poughkeepsie, and Yorktown, N. Y.; Be- with a growth company like IBM. Please write, out- IBM, engineers and scientists are constantly at trial, Electrical, or Mechanical Engineering.) thesda, Md.; Burlington, Vt.j Lexington, Ky.; San lining your interests, and we will be glad to send work in the development of new methods, the de- Jose, Calif.; and Rochester, Minn. Corporate off ices you information and brochures. Manager of College sign of new products, and new ways to apply basic Programming: Professional opportunities are ava Relations, IBM Corporation, Dept. 915,590 Madison are in New York City, with sales and service offices discoveries. able for men and women in the programming of in 180 cities throughout the nation. Avenue, New York 22, N. Y. variety of computing systems. It involves defininity I Dean's Letter An engineering library has been one of our needs for many years. The construction of the new College of Engineering building made space avail- able, funds were found by the College during the past year for equipment, and at the beginning of this school year our library began operations on a definite schedule. Located on the third floor, southwest side of the building, it is in a quiet, yet readily accessible, area. Currently it houses about 28,000 volumes plus engineering periodicals. The titles, and particularly the periodicals, are undergoing screening by a faculty committee to insure appropriateness to our present needs, in order that rarely used material may be returned to the Main Library for storage, thus freeing our shelves for additions to the engineering collection. We are also very pleased to announce a gift of $25,000 through the MSU Development Fund, for improvements in physical surroundings, in reading room furniture, and to the collections. This gift is made through the gen- erosity of one of our alumni, Benjamin H. Anibal, Class of 1909, and is the largest such donation received by the College since 1916. By the first of the year it is hoped that plans now being developed by the personnel of the Main Library, Engineering Librarian, Towne, our committee of Professors Lubkin, Dhanak, and Giacoletto, and the university interior decorator will have produced pleasant and comfortable surroundings, and an atmosphere conducive to study through use of these funds. The College certainly appreciates Mr. Anibal's interest in our welfare. The hours at which the library is open are posted, and we hope that all of our students will develop habits which make a library search a part of the data-gathering and fact-finding process for all major engineering problems. CREATIVE ENGINEERING . . . Q.E.D. The variety of challenges The Bendix uct development to further Bendix your school's placement office. Talk Corporation offers the college gradu- leadership in these fields. to our representative when he's on ate is practically unlimited. Bendix Bendix operates 32 divisions and campus. If you'd like a copy of our participates in almost every phase of subsidiaries in the United States, booklet "Build Your Career to Suit the space, missile, aviation, elec- and 12 subsidiaries and affiliates in Your Talents," write Dr. A. C. tronics, automotive, oceanics and Canada and overseas. Our 1950 Canfield, Director of University and automation fields. We employ top- sales volume was $210 million. Last Scientific Relations, The Bendix Cor- notch engineers, physicists, and year it was over $750 million. poration, Fisher Building, Detroit 2, mathematicians for advanced prod- Look over the materials we have in Mich. An equal opportunity employer. GD/FW is currently engaged in many outstanding projects involving atmospheric and space vehicles and systems. Energetic, creative engineers and scientists are needed now, to help solve the intriguing problems involved in our many ambitious programs. • To take advan- tage of the opportunities offered, contact your Placement Director, to determine when a General Dynamics/Fort Worth representative will be on campus, or write Mr. j . B. Ellis, Industrial Relations Administrator- Engineering, General Dynamics/Fort Worth, P. 0 . Box 748, Fort Worth, Texas. An equal opportunity employer. FACULTY REVUE Today there is much in the news cisco, C a l i f o r n i a . There he manities, systems, continua, and about the great American space studied the radiation character- m a t e r i a l s . "Mathematics and program. But how many of us istics and physical properties mechanics are the language and know anything of its feeble begin- of fallout. One of the most dif- literature of engineering," says ning shortly after the end of World ficult problems was to make Dr. Triffet; and on this bedrock War II? measurements, and later to col- his part of the program, mater- lect samples, from within the fa- ials, is based. The men who were there will miliar mushroom cloud. Here his never forget those days, however. earlier experience with rockets There are two primary objec- One of them is now a professor proved useful in developing a suc- tives in this area. The first is of Mechanics and Materials Sci- cessful solution. to teach enough about the prop- ence at M i c h i g a n State Univer- erties of materials to enable the sity. Dr. Terry Triffet, who r e - Dr. Triffet's primary interest, e n g i n e e r to use them intelli- ceived his Ph.D from Stanford however, is materials science. gently. To do this he starts University in 1957, s p e n t five He t e a c h e s four g r a d u a t e with basic atomic structure and years at the Naval Ordnance courses in this area; among them works up to the myriad com- Test Station, China Lake, Cal- are Mechanics of the Solid State, plexities of behavior with which ifornia. The housing district was Mechanics of the Fluid State, and the engineer may someday have at one end of a long desert valley, M o d e r n Mathematical Mechan- to deal. The second objective, and firing ranges and test sites ics. skill and understanding in me- filled the other. As Dr. Triffet chanics, is also taught starting puts it, "We needed a lot of The projects in which he is with single particles and working space then because we couldn't now involved may not be as ex- up to systems of particles. hit things very well." plosive as those of his past, but at least one of them is pro- Is the program successful? He narrated one tale about one ducing a few ripples in educa- Well, the National Science Foun- of our earlier guided missiles, tional circles. dation is sponsoring the Pilot the Lark. It was supposed to be Program through this year and g u i d e d from the ground, but The Pilot Program, iniated by the next two with a grant of ap- shortly after take-off it took off the Department of Electrical En- proximately a quarter million on a lark of its own. Despite gineering, is an attempt to set up dollars. One group has completed f r a n t i c button-p u s h i n g and highly integrated undergraduate the Program, a second group is switch-throwing down below, the engineering courses, providing now part of the Senior Class, and rocket casually turned around, up-to-date, m a t e r i a l solidly a third group began this Fall. made a pass over the housing grounded in mathematics and the district, kept turning right back sciences. The objective is to give Dr. Triffet says that a teacher onto the range, and, luckily, into the electrical engineering under- feels good if he finds two stu- a mountainside. graduate a solid foundation in dents out of a class of twenty engineering before specializa- or so who really seem to be Dr. Triffet also spent five tion in the senior year. understanding in depth; but nearly years in radiological effects r e - half of a class who are products search at the Naval Radiological The Program has been divided of the Pilot Program appear to Defense Laboratory, San Fran- into five areas; mathematics, hu- fall into this category. A UNIQUE TEACHING EXPERIMENT Pilot Program. What's that? also new ones as they come up. transmission lines, semiconduc- components and is then able to intensities. Thus our city would National Science Foundation. In This may well be your response Then, does it not also make good tors, etc. You studied specific predict how the system will op- be shaded darker than the sur- the specific area of development to the title of this article. To sense to study those things that areas of application, you gained erate before actually spending rounding rural areas, but there of a laboratory course for the answer your questions you might allow you to solve all problems knowledge that became outdated millions of dollars to build it. would be no boundary between program, the National Science ask one of the approximately 30 of engineering rather than just as soon as the machine you them, only a gradual blending of Foundation provided a grant of leading educators from Amer- those problems which you have studied was put in the junk pile. the two would be shown. approximately $25,000 to assist ican engineering s c h o o l s who studied in particular. After all, Your knowledge of the basic dis- At this point it is important to in development of the equipment were here at Michigan State for you can't study a problem if ciplines of electrical engineering note that the m a t h e m a t i c s The third basic discipline of and then provided matching funds three weeks during last August it didn't exist when you were and their related mathematics and logic involved are complete- electrical engineering in the Pi- to purchase the actual equipment to observe it. They would all in school. was built up in a very illogical ly independent of the type of lot Program is materials. This after the prototypes were de- be willing to paint a glowing pic- and incomplete manner. What the veloped here. The support from ture of it to you. Or, you might system under study. To the grad- is a study of the raw resources Well, this is exactly what the Pilot Program is attempting to uate of the Pilot Program, the that the engineer has and how he the National Science Foundation ask a member of the engineering Pilot Program is doing. The De- do is prevent this type of learn- was to continue for three years. faculty who is teaching in the equation for an electrical induc- can modify them so they dem- partment of Electrical Engineer- ing that is outdated before it is tor and that for a h y d r a u l i c onstrate the characteristics he The Department of Electrical Pilot Program. He also will sing ing, with support from the Na- acquired. It presents electrical Engineering is now entering upon praises of it to you. Or, if you damper are the same. It makes desires. No natural material can tional S c i e n c e Foundation, and engineering as three basic di- no difference in his method for amplify, but the engineer can their third year of operations want to, you might try some of with many interested onlookers ciplines. These are s y s t e m s , with the Pilot Program. As part the EE students who are enrolled handling the situation. He can and take ordinary germanium and by of the arrangements, 30 educa- in this experiment. Being stu- all over the nation, is entering continua, and materials. The stu- does treat them exactly the same. proper treatment, can make a the third year of teaching a new dent, you, learns a comprehen- Compare this to the plight of transistor, with those character- tors came to the Michigan State dents, you might expect them to sive systems theory, a compre- campus for three weeks during give you some n e g a t i v e re- type of discipline, called the Pi- the graduate of the conventional istics, including amplification, lot Program. Before we find hensive fields theory, and a gen- last August to study what was sponses, but the picture is clear. engineering curriculum. Either that he desired. being done here. It is notable The Pilot Program is impor- out what the Pilot Program is eral knowledge about materials. he must spend as much t i m e and what it can do for you, there This knowledge is applicable not that no one gave a negative re- tant enough for you to investigate studying hydraulic systems as Now, before going into how the sponse to what they saw. In fact, for yourself as a serious student is one word of caution. The Pi- only to all the areas of electrical he did electrical ones or he Pilot Program affects what the lot Program is not a new way engineering mentioned above and most gave t h e i r overwhelming in engineering at Michigan State. must let someone else handle his student studies, let us look briefly approval. This enthusiasm also to teach the same old material. to those electronic and electri- hydraulic problems. The student at the past history of the idea. It is new, completely new, in cal systems of hardware as yet appears in the expressions of the To find out more about this in the Pilot Program learns how For the past many years, sys- faculty that teach in the Pilot concept, in philosophy, in out- unthought of, but also equally to cope with both types and many tems have been quite extensively Program. They say they could wonderful thing, let us proceed look, in principle, and in prac- applicable to hydraulic, pneu- as follows. Suppose we are study- others in precisely the same studied here at Michigan State. never go back to the regular tice. Also, it is not restricted matic, mechanical, and magnetic amount of time that it took the As a result, it was conceived method of teaching t h e i r dis- ing classical physics. First we to electrical engineering. Deans studies. Also, this same mathe- might study falling apples. In the conventional engineer to learn the that a curriculum based upon the ciplines. By the way, the faculty and professors are not just say- matical theory can be extended electrical fundamentals. theories being developed might employed includes instructors process we learn a little about ing it can be applied to all en- into a multitude of areas in the the mathematics involved in the be significantly better than the from departments o t h e r than gineering, indeed, in some of social sciences such as econom- In a similar manner, the con- regular series of courses studied electrical engineering within the theory of gravitation. Then we the major engineering schools ic systems, transporation sys- move onward to study ballistics tinum or field d i s c i p l i n e ap- by students in electrical engi- College. and projectiles. Here again we a r o u n d the country they are tems, etc. proaches each problem as though neering. As a result, a pilot learn how to apply the mathema- teaching all the engineering fields there were no internal bound- group of approximately 30 stu- tics related to gravitation to a a r o u n d principles similar to aries. The problem is one large dents, mostly transfer students Now, as far as the actual those represented by the Pilot First we should define our continuous field in which there from junior colleges because they courses of study are concerned, specific area of study. Then we three basic diciplines. When the study space travel and orbits. Program here at Michigan State. are no distinct boundaries al- were a convient g r o u p , were there is a vast difference be- Here again we find it necessary And, even if you don't see that engineer approaches a problem though there are variations in the started in the Pilot Program in tween the Pilot Program and the to study gravitation in order to philosophy influence your course from the systems point of view, densities of various character- the fall term of 1961. These "old" way. During the fresh- understand orbiting. But, would of study, you will have to com- he looks upon it and mathematic- istics. For example, look at a people graduated last June. The man and sophomore y e a r s, the it not be better to study the ma- pete in industry with engineers ally analyzes it as an orderly population map of the United reason for using a small "pi- goal of the Pilot Program di- thematics of gravitation as it who have had the benefit of study- collection of interconnected but States. From the systems stand- lot" group was to avoid the dif- rectors is to give the student applies to all situations. We have ing within such a framework. separate discrete components or point, each city would be rep- ficulties involved with coordina- a unified series of courses in lost nothing. And, instead of parts. Using his background in resented with a dot to indicate tion of faculty efforts until texts microscopic, m o l e c u l a r , and knowing all about apples falling, s y s t e m s , he mathematically atomic physics and chemistry. Now, precisely what makes the models each component, whether the presence of a population area, could be written. Now that the This will require about 20 per bullets flying, and space ships pilot program so different. In the with some numeric indication of texts for these courses are be- orbiting, we could be in a po- past, electrical engineering has it be a capacitor, vacuum tube, cent of the student's time. An- lever, t r a n s i s t o r , spring, hy- the intensity of the character- ing developed, more sections of other 40 per cent of his time will sition to be able to analyze not been studied as a series of un- istic. However, on a map showing classes are being scheduled for only these but all problems that related, hardware oriented tech- draulic hose, servo motor; or ae be devoted to the study of mathe- city, a busline, or a bank if h the fields viewpoint, you would the Pilot Program. matics. And the other 40 per involve gravitation. We can solve nologies. You studied networks, see a continuous representation these particular problems and control systems, antennas, ro- were studying the social system. The Pilot Program is being cent will be devoted to the areas He then mathematically models of the population, with perhaps of communication skills, natural t a t i n g machines, electronics, the shading to indicate relative developed with support from the the interconnections between his 18 19 science, the social sciences, and the humanities. During the junior and senior years, the student will spend 20 per cent of his time studying material science. This will, when based upon a solid foundation in microscopic phys- ics and chemistry, complete his instruction in the materials dis- cipline of the profession. The student will spend another 20 per cent of his time in the study of continuous systems. This will, when combined with a thorough preparation in mathematics and accompanied with parallel devel- opment of the mathematical so- phistication of the student, com- plete his unified, comprehensive field or continum theory. The junior or senior will spend an- other 20 per cent of his time in the analysis, design, and syn- thesis of discrete systems. This series of courses, again based upon his m a t h e m a t i c a l back- ground and upon a parallel series At the present time, many of at Michigan State lie especially of courses in mathematics, will these courses have not been de- in the direction of the systems sufficiently prepare him to cope veloped. This means the student discipline, notable progress has with those problems which are still studies conventional physics been made by the University of best tackled as discrete systems. and chemistry. Much of the math- The remaining 40 per cent of California, Los Angeles, in de- ematical background needed must veloping the continua and mater- the student's time will be split be taught in courses labled sys- between mathematics and sta- ials areas. Other work in systems tems and/or fields because there has been done at the Massachu- tistics and the humanities. The are no suitable courses offered student may choose to split his setts Institute of Technology and elsewhere on campus. But the at the Polytechnic Institute of time equally between the two or Pilot Program is rapidly pushing to swing more in one direction Brooklyn. Work has been done at toward its goal as outlined above. Dartmouth in laying a logical or the other. It is hoped that there Naturally, this goal is undergoing can be developed a course in the foundation for the discipline of transormations as progress is information theory and thermo- philosphy of science that will al- made and experience is gained. low the student to realize some dynamics. of the implications of the work The pilot Program represents So, if you are a serious stu- he is doing. However, this course a significant change in the elec- dent of engineering, and all en- will be held until late in the trical engineering as taught at gineers are, because they must senior year because the student Michigan State. However, the stu- be, good students, you should can not study the implications dent should not assume that things check into how the work being of his work before he actually are happening only here. This is done here at Michigan State in the does it. not the case. In particular, while p ilot Program is going to influ- the strengths of the work here ence your chosen profession and your place in it. Career mobility, based on the ability to well as sites around the world, provide develop in the direction of your best an environment permitting planned talent or interests, is made possible growth — personally and professionally. for you at Sylvania Electronic Systems. Three parallel paths of advancement You will actively contribute to advanced work offer the opportunity to progress as a technical spanning disciplines and areas such as earth/space manager, technical specialist or program/project communications; electronic reconnaissance, detec- manager — all with equal rewards. tion, countermeasures; radar; information handling; Sylvania Electronic Systems is a major division aerospace; and complex systems for military com- of Sylvania Electric Products Inc., supported by the mand and control. impressive technical and financial resources of the parent company, General Telephone & Electronics Nineteen interrelated research and advanced de- Corporation. velopment laboratories throughout the country, as The extended warranties now being given by warranties will cover 90,000,000 individual Mal- automobile manufacturers are not sales gim- leable iron parts of 273 different designs. The micks. They are based on exhaustive statistical confidence which automotive companies have in studies that conclusively demonstrate the reli- Malleable's quality is responsible for the use of ability of each component involved. Malleable castings for more and more applications During a single model year, these two to five year on cars and t r u c k s . . . and throughout industry. RCA's DAVID SARNOFF RESEARCH CENTER INVITES INQUIRING SCIENTIFIC MINDS TO PROBE INTO ELECTRONIC FUNDAMENTALS RCA Laboratories located in ciplinary research in image presen- films, magnetic devices, solid state Princeton, New Jersey, is the research tation, electroluminescence and circuits, and computer theory. headquarters for the Radio Corpora- photoconductivity. • INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS — I n - tion of America. The major emphasis vestigation of new and novel tech- atthe Laboratories is on solvingfunda- • PROGRAMMING RESEARCH— niques for constructing and using mental problems with a large percent- Investigation into algebraic ma- nipulation, compiler technique, integrated circuits and devices. age of the research program devoted to electronic materials and devices. formulation of executive and • LASER COMMUNICATIONS— monitor routines. Fundamental studies in quantum The Laboratories' steady rate of noise effects, and complex light growth presents an opportunity for • PLASMA PHYSICS—Theoretical modulation systems. advanced-degree candidates in Physics, and experimental studies in the Chemistry, Mathematics and Electrical gaseous and solid state. You are invited to investigate these Engineering to take part in research and other interesting opportunities in the following areas: • THEORETICAL PHYSICS—Funda- within RCA Laboratories by either mental research in solid state writing to the Administrator, Gradu- • MATERIALS SYNTHESIS—Explora- ate Recruiting, RCA Laboratories, tory synthesis and crystal growth of physics. Princeton, N. J. or meeting with our new electronically active materials. • COMPUTER RESEARCH—Emphasis representative when he visits your • SOLID STATE DISPLAYS—Interdis- on superconductive devices, thin university. An Equal Opportunity Employer MSU R E S E A R C H . . . Dr. Shosei Serata The objective of this research movement of the radionuclides compilation of v a r i o u s envir- study is to develop numerical released into the enviroment, onmental data. An example is the systems for describing the mech- especially, in their process of radiological data which has been anism by which radioactive poll- eventual contact with man. A accumulated throughout the na- utants move through various en- comprehensive understanding of tion. The increasing accumula- vironmental m e d i a ; viz., air, the mechanism of radionuclide tion of this data would have rain, watershed, basin effluent, transfer through environmental limited value for pollution con- and milk. This subject has gained media requires re-examination trol unless a numerical system increasing attention in recent of previous investigations which for analyzing and interpreting it years in an effort to evaluate have dealt with specific aspects is available. Statistical analysis details of environmental pollution of the whole problem. The sub- of the data can provide informa- resulting from controlled and un- jects have been movement of at- tion on the probability of the oc- controlled release of radioactive mospheric radioactivity, migra- currence of certain events, but materials. Numerous investiga- tion of s p e c i f i c radioisotopes describes nothing specific as to tions on the chemical and phy- through soils, absorption of ra- characteristics and condition of sical nature of the fallout fis- dionuclides by ion exchange pro- the pollutants. Therefore, for sion p r o d u c t s have been con- cesses, tracing of disposed ra- practical use of the data, numer- ducted in various aspects. The dioactive isotopes in streams, ical systems describing move- National Radiation Surveillance decontamination factor of water ment of individual radionuclides Network has been established for basins, and biological uptake of in specific environmental media many years by the U.S. Public specific radionuclides. are r e q u i r e d . Unfortunately, H e a l t h Service for continuous No successful work has been however, it is not possible to monitoring of radionuclide dis- reported as yet in the develop- describe mathematically every tribution in air, water, milk, and ment of a theory describing quan- process of the movement of ra- foods. More extensive programs titatively the transport mechan- dionuclides in the environment of monitoring various radionu- ism of the radionuclides through- since they are affected by num- clides have been carried out in out the general environment. The erous environmental variables, the areas of the major nuclear effort to date has in the main re- such as chemical and physical installations throughout the coun- ported observations of specific forms of individual isotopes, and try. conditions but lacks in formula- meterologic, geologic, topogra- Although these continuous sur- tion of theories of the transport phic, hydrologic, ecologic, and mechanism. agronomic conditions of the en- veillance programs are of vital vironment. importance to the public, such A considerable amount of prog- monitoring cannot by itself pro- ress has been made recently The approach of the proposed vide information on the dynamic in automation of collection and study is to formulate and verify November, 1963 25 a hypothesis that the dynamic behavior of the model predicted distribution of aerosol particu- movement of environmental ra- from the hypothesis will be com- lates. dionuclides can be described bv pared with the field observation. In the study of the absorption a mathematical analogy of the en- After achievement of an accept- and release in the ground, the in- vironmental processes. The ma- able level of accuracy, the model dividual radionuclides deposited thematical expression of such an will be described by numerical over the model basin by rain and analog model will lead to the de- equations. dry-fallout will be measured and velopment of the numerical sys- The equations of the different compared with their concentra- tems describing the movement of processes will then be combined tions in the effluent from the the radionuclides. The merit of in order to synthesize specific basin. Quantities of the deposited the approach is that is should be systems of practical importance nuclides will be determined from applicable to any natural environ- to the public health. At first, radiochemical assay of the rain ment in which the a c t u a l pro- a system will be synthesized to and the stream samples collected cesses are too complicated to be compute the concentration of a in the basin. In the study of known. The success of the pro- specific radionuclide in an ef- biological uptake, milk will be posed technique depends on an fluent of a basin for a given at- chosen as the terminal medium adequate hypothesis of the trans- mospheric concentration of ra- of the nuclide transfer. Repre- port mechanism upon which the dionuclides under certain clima- sentative milk s a m p l e s from numerical systems are based, tological conditions. The radio- cows raised in the basin will be and the development of the hy- nuclides to be used for this study collected in sufficient number and pothesis depends upon the ex- will be those fallout fission pro- frequency to detect any change in perimental accuracy for deter- ducts with relatively long half- the radionuclide concentration. mining the environmental para- lifes, such as Sr-89, Sr-Y-90, The two fallout fission products, meters. Experimental evaluation ZrNb-95, Ru-Rh-103, Ru-Ru- Sr-90 and Cs-137, will be an- of the parameters appears ideal 106, Cs-137, Ce-Pr-144. Field alyzed as the principal tracers. at this time since an abundance measurements of the effluent will Soil and grazing grass may be of the fallout fission products of be made to examine and improve analyzed whenever the analyses sufficient variety exists in the the synthesized system. Another of these intermediate transfer natural environment. It will be- s y s t e m will be snythesized to media are assumed to be of sig- come increasingly difficult to pre-determine concentration of nificance. conduct such field experiments Sr-90, and Ce-137 in milk with as the pending atomic test ban treaty becomes effective. respect to accumulated quanti- ties of the nuclides and some en- Radiochemical Assay The study is directed at the vironmental parameters of the development of numerical sys- basin. Computer programs for The present system of routine tems for describing the transport pre-determining each radionu- radiochemical analysis of the of radionuclide pollutants in a clide in the effluent and the milk samples will be continued in the given watershed which can relate will be written. Predictions from laboratory. The filter media for the dynamic movement and dis- them will be evaluated with the collecting the air samples are tribution of the pollutants in va- field observations. first analyzed by placing them di- rious media of the environment. rectly in the well of the calibrated The systems will be developed so scintillation cyrstal to determine that, for given concentrations of Experimental Method the gamma radiation spectro- the pollutants in the air under a of Procedure graph. The medium is then dis- set of environmental conditions The Sloan Creek basin, a small solved, oxidized to reduce the of the basin as a function of time, watershed with 9.34 square miles volume, and then placed into a it will be possible to pre-deter- of basin area located near the proportional gas flow counter for mine the amounts of the radio- Michigan State University cam- beta analysis. Liquid samples in- nuclides deposited on the ground, pus, has been selected as the cluding milk, rain and river wa- retained in the watershed washed' model basin for this study. This ter, will be processed through a out by run-off, taken up by crop basin is the most common type column of mixed ion exchange vegetation, and then concentrated in the area and has exceptional resins in which the radionuclides in milk. advantages since extensive doc- are retained. The column will The theoretical aspect of the umented records of its charac- then be placed directly into the study c o n s i s t s of three basic teristics exist due to the fact it well of the scintillation crystal. transfer processes of the radio- has been used for hydrologic, For analysis of the pure beta nuclides; viz., the uptake by rain meteorologic, a g r o n o m i c , ge- emitters, the ion exchange resins in the atmosphere, the absorp- ologic, topographic, and ecologic are elutriated to separate them tion and release in the ground, investigations by v a r i o u s re- out for beta analysis. In the case and the accumulation and bio- search groups of the University of a large volume sample with logical uptake in a basin In and Federal agencies. high ion content which could breaK studying each transfer mechan- In the study of the air-rain through the ion exchange column, ism, a hypothetical model of the transfer, concentration of the a modified evaporation technique transfer is proposed and envir- radionuclides in the atmosphere will be used which will process onmental parameters are defined and rain will be determined con- more than 18 of 10 liter samples characterizing the nature of the tinuously with simultaneous eval- for a 24 hour period. The gamma model. Adequacy of the hypothet- uation of environmental condi- radiation spectrographs of air ical model will be tested by field tions such as type of rain, in- and liquid samples will be an- experiments in an actual water- tensity and duration of precipi- alyzed and quantities of the in- shed of which the characteristics tation, cloud height, degree of dividual gamma emitters will be are well established. The specific atmospheric t u r b u l a n c e pre- determined with the aid of the vious history of air mass and size high speed computer. 26 Significance of this Research The proposed study appears to be a novel approach in the de- velopment of numerical systems describing the entire movement of radioactive pollutants from air to water and milk. The systems are based on a mathematical an- alogy of the movement rather than a description of numerous indi- v i d u a l physicochemical pro- cesses actually taking place in the environment. This approach should offer the best possible so- lution for computing the move- ment because there is no pos- sibility of analyzing the actual individual processes of nature. A preliminary study by the prin- cipal investigator described in Section II-A, clearly indicates that such a mathematical analogy for describing nature's intricate balance over numerous random processes can be made. The numerical system can be adapted to any segment of our en- vironment by a logical evaluation of the environmental parameters for a given natural condition. The model could be extended to a large river tributary system such as the Mississippi River tributary by synthesis of individual sub- basins of the tributary. Such a model would become an invalu- chemical assay. An automatic with automatic sample changer able tool for computing the fate control system is incorporated are available exclusively for this of radioactive pollutants in the with the rain collector so that a study. In addition, a single chan- case of accidental release of r a - rain may be subdivided and nel gamma pulse height analyzer dioactive material into the en- drained into a number of separ- and a manual gas flow counter vironment. The systems would ate sample containers installed in are also available for use. also serve to evaluate the effect the laboratory according to a pre- of controlled release of radio- set time schedule for sampling. Previous Work Done in this Field active wastes into our environ- The continuous air sampling sys- ment. Futhermore, the concept tem, consisting of seven large The proposed study is a con- and method of this study are not volume air samplers, has been tinuation and extension of the En- only restricted to radioactive used for atmospheric nuclide an- vironmental R a d i a t i o n project pollutants, but could be applied alysis. This system is electri- which was initiated some three equally well to any form of en- cally syncronized with the rain years ago in the Radiological vironmental pollution. sampler so that the two systems Health Laboratory of the Uni- The Radiological Health Lab- will provde samples for exactly versity. The i n i t i a l effort in- oratory of the College of Engi- the same periods of time. volved fundamental studies on neering of Michigan State Uni- The micro-precipitation net- determining counting e f f i c i e n - work of the U. S. Weather Bureau, cies of the individual radiation versity, will be used exclusively counting systems, the calibration for this investigation. The lab- consisting of nine recording pre- cipation gages in the model basin, of air and water sampling de- oratory contains a radiochemical vices, and the establishment of a assay room, a central radiation have been incorporated in this in- vestigation for s e c u r i n g field systematic s a m p l e processing counting room, data processing technique. The primary achieve- room, and a large experimental samples and recordings of pre- cipitation. The automatic stream ment of the previous work was area. In addition, the Air Pol- flow r e c o r d i n g station estab- field verification of the mathe- lution Laboratory of the Depart- lished at the outlet of the model matical model technique as r e - ment of Civil and Sanitary En- basin by the U. S. Geological Sur- lated to the environmental nuclide gineering will be used as the vey will also be incorporated in transfer through air, rain, water- central air and rain sampling this study for recording and sam- shed and basin effluent. The r e - station. A permanent rain col- pling of the basin effluent. sults are reported in four Master lector with 40 square feet of col- of Science theses completed dur- lection area, installed on the roof A Nuclear Data 512 Channel of the Engineering Building, is gamma pulse height analyzer and a proportional gas flow counter Continued on page 44 able to collect a sufficient amount of rain water for accurate radio- November, 1963 Our world-recognized trademark—"the P&WA eagle"—has been identified with progress in flight propulsion for almost four decades, spanning the evolution of power from yesterday's reciprocating engines to today's rockets. Tomorrow will find that same Pratt & Whitney Aircraft eagle carrying men and equipment to the moon and to even more distant reaches of outer space. Engineering achievement of this magnitude is directly traceable to our conviction that basic and applied research is essential to healthy progress. Today's engineers at Pratt & Whitney Aircraft accept no limiting criteria. They are moving ahead in many directions to advance our programs in energy conversion for every environment. Our progress on current programs is exciting, for it anticipates the challenges of tomorrow. We are working, for example, in such areas as advanced gas turbines . . . rocket engines . . . fuel cells . . . nuclear power—all opening up new avenues of exploration in every field of aerospace, marine and industrial power application. The breadth of Pratt & Whitney Aircraft programs requires virtually every tech- nical talent. .. requires ambitious young engineers and scientists who can con- tribute to our advances of the state of the art. Your degree? It can be a B.S., M.S. or Ph.D. in: MECHANICAL . AERONAUTICAL . ELECTRICAL . CHEMICAL and NUCLEAR ENGINEERING . PHYSICS . CHEMISTRY • METALLURGY . CE- RAMICS . MATHEMATICS . ENGINEERINGSCIENCEorAPPLIED MECHANICS. Career boundaries with us can be further extended through a corpo- ration-financed Graduate Education Program. For further information regarding opportunities at Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, consult your col- lege placement officer—or—write to Mr. William L. Stoner, Engineering department, Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, East Hartford 8, Connecticut. What happened to the Class of '60? Harlan Baxter is with Olin's Chemi- cals Division, developing commercial Division. applications for the new wonder-fuel, (We're moving so rapidly, we haven't Supervisorin Olin's PackagingDivision. hydrazine. had time to master the art of red tape.) (Research gets a healthy budget, (We're working on new products that Jim Silver is designing ammuni- research people, a healthy climate.) would make an alchemist scoff in. tion processing machinery for Olin's Right now, Olin is looking for the disbelief.) Winchester-Western Division. class of the Class of '64. For complete Jerry Shay was recently promoted to (One of 6 diversified divisions information, the man to contact is Technical Advisor in Olin's Metals in 6 major growth industries.) Monte H. Jacoby, College Richard Seiler is a Research Relations Officer, Olin, 460 Park Ave., New York 22, N.Y. THE PEACEFUL A T O M . . . PROGRESS REPORT 1963 In August 1956, construction of the Michigan and an outstanding example Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant was of the research being carried out by started on the shore of Lake Erie near America's investor-owned electric light Monroe, Michigan. On August 23,1963, and power industry. the Fermi reactor went critical (sus- The Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant, tained a controlled chain reaction) and the world's largest breeder reactor in- is now undergoing low power nuclear stallation, marks a historic step ahead tests preliminary to operating at a higher in nuclear power development that all power level. of us can view with pride . . . and a This advanced atomic power project is tribute to the engineering profession a symbol of progress in Southeastern that has made this project possible. Hamilton Standard United Aircraft's Hamilton Standard Division is in the midst of a major planned expansion program. In the heart of Connecticut, our million and a half square-foot plant with its complex aerospace-product facilities pro- vides top-flight career potential. ln this High-Temperature Labora- tory, an advanced turbine pump can drive a fuel control in ambient temperatures up to 1,000°F. A 60-point data logger presents a typewritten display of product performance in terms of pressure, flow, speed and temperature. The facility handles up to 60,000 pph of fuel at temperatures to 500°F. Other fuel control test facilities simulate altitudes to 80,000 feet, refrigerate fuel to -70°F, control relative humidity from 20% to 95%, subject hardware to salt water spray, sand and dust conditions, shock loading, and simulated vibration and " g " acceleration loading. ln this Vibration Lab are motors capable of vibrating full-scale propellers from 20 to 500 cycles per second. During full-scale testing of advanced design integral gear box propellers, a special data acquisition facility automatically records steady-state and transient performance data. This new, highly ad- vanced, man-rated space simulator will help develop Project Apollo Moon Suit. Chamber is designed to attain a vacuum of 1x 10-* torr in 10 hours when empty, 5 X 10 -5 torr in 11/4hours with two astronauts in space suits. Other problems under investigation- improved cryogenic storage systems for zero " g " applications, carbon dioxide removal and reduction, two-gas at- mosphere p r e s s u r e c o n trol systems, and rejection of metabolical equipment heat via space radiators Tom Thomsen wanted challenging work He found it at Western Electric T. R. Thomsen, B.S.M.E., University of Nebraska, '58, new and improved inspection and process control came to Western Electric for several reasons. Impor- techniques to reduce manufacturing costs of tele- tant to him was the fact that our young engineers play phone switching equipment. Tom is sure that Western vital roles right from the start, working on exciting en- Electric is the right place for him. What about you? gineering projects in communications including: elec- If you set the highest standards for yourself, enjoy tronic switching, thin film circuitry, microwave systems a challenge, and have the qualifications we're looking and optical masers. for—we want to talk to you! Opportunities for fast- The wide variety of Western Electric's challenging moving careers exist now for electrical, mechanical assignments appealed to Tom, as did the idea of ad- and industrial engineers, and also for physical science, vanced study through full-time graduate engineering liberal arts and business majors. For more detailed training, numerous management courses and a com- information, get your copy of the Western Electric Pany-paid Tuition Refund Plan. Career Opportunities booklet from your Placement Of- Tom knows, too, that we'll need several thousand ficer. Or write: Western Electric Company, Room 6405, experienced engineers for supervisory positions within 222 Broadway, New York 38, N. Y. And be sure to the next few years. And he's getting the solid experi- arrange for a personal interview when the Bell System ence needed to qualify. Right now, Tom is developing recruiting team visits your campus. To Continue To Learn And Grow... . . . is a basic management philosophy at Delco Radio employes through the popular Tuition Refund Program Division, General Motors Corporation. Since its in- College graduates will find exciting and challenging ception in 1936, Delco Radio has continually expanded programs in the development of germanium and silicon and improved its managerial skills, research facilities, devices, ferrites, solid state diffusion, creative packag- and scientific and engineering team. ing of semiconductor products, development of labora- At Delco Radio, the college graduate is encouraged tory equipment, reliability techniques, and applications to maintain and broaden his knowledge and skills and manufacturing engineering. through continued education. Toward this purpose, If your interests and qualifications lie in any of these Delco maintains a Tuition Refund Program. Designed areas, you're invited to write for our brochure detailing to fit the individual, the plan makes it possible for an the opportunities to share in forging the future of eligible employe to be reimbursed for tuition costs of spare time courses studied at the university or college electronics with this outstanding Delco-GM team. level. Both Indiana University and Purdue University Watch for Delco interview dates on your campus, of offer educational programs in Kokomo. In-plant gradu- write to Mr. C. D. Longshore, Dept. 135A, Delco ate training programs are maintained through the off- Radio Division, General Motors Corporation, Kokoomo, campus facilities of Purdue University and available to Indiana. An equal opportunity employer Pardon me if I sound as if the executive position I've landed deals with the whole future of the world. It does. Certainly, there's no organization today conduct- ing more vital business than the business of the United States Air Force. And very few organiza- tions that give a college graduate greater oppor- tunities for responsibility and growth. As an Air Force officer, you'll be a leader on the Aerospace Team—with good pay, a 30-day paid vacation each year, educational opportunities. How can you get started? For many, the best way is through Air Force ROTC. But if you missed out on AFROTC, or if there's no unit on your campus, you can still apply for Air Force Officer Training School. This three-month course leads to a com- mission as a second lieutenant in the United States Air Force. For more information about Air Force OTS, see your local Air Force representative. U. S. Air Force A WINNING EFFORT A1963 Engineering Exposition Winner Marlyn Stroven, a 1963, me- engine. A water manometer was valve opens further, falls of chanical engineering graduate, use to find the pressure within somewhat, rises to a maximum began his project for the En- the combustion chamber. An air value again, then falls to its gineering Exposition in January meter which measured the vol- minimum value again. This re- of 1963. He was interested in the ume of air entering the engine lationship is shown when the characteristics of internal com- operated an electronic recorder. bustion engines, and decided to v a l v e coefficient is plotted conduct a study on the changes against piston postion. When the Marlyn took three complete v a l v e coefficient is plotted in flow coefficients of the intake sets of data from the engine: valve caused by various pressure against the ratio of lift of valve one for normal valve timing and divided by the diameter of the drops across the intake valve and two others after the timing of changes in the piston position. valve, the coefficient begins at the inlet valve had been changed. a very low value as the valve From these three sets of data, just begins to open, increases Marlyn chose the British-built he was able to determine valve J.A.P. motorcycle engine toper- to a maximum as the valve is flow coefficients for each trial partially open, then falls off when form his experimental analysis. he ran. From these cases he This engine had a single cylinder was able to determine the r e - the valve is nearly fully opened, with an overhead valve and a lationships between inlet valve hemispherical combustion cham- coefficients and the crank angle Marlyn supposed that the rea- ber. of the engine (an indication of sons for this type of variations piston position) and between in- of the valve coefficient were that The engine had its flywheel let valve coefficients and the lift the top of the domed piston in- divided into equal increments of the valve (as found by the dial terferred with air flow through such that it was possible to de- gage measurement). the valve when the piston was termine the position of the pis- near the top of its stroke, the ton relative to the position of restricted flow through a very the inlet valve very accurately. From these graphs, it is evi- slightly opened valve caused a The position of the inlet valve dent that the inlet valve coeffi- lower valve coefficient, and that was determined through the use cient begins at a low value when at large valve openings, the flow of an Ames gage attached to the the valve begins to open, in- became separated and turbulent, creases to a higher value as the causing a lower flow coefficient. DIVIDED FLYWHEEL TO SHOW ELECTRONIC COUNTER FOR MEASURING PISTON POSITION THE NUMBER OF AIR PULSES AND THE ELAPSED TIME JAP BRITISH MOTOR CYCLE ENGINE AIR FLOW METER FOR MEASURING AIR FLOW MANOMETER THROUGH THE INLET VALVE VACUUM IN CYLINDER Where's Garrett? EVERYWHERE! Garrett-AiResearch makes life safer. more comfortable and more efficient for millions of people every day. Here are a few of the ways: IN SPACE-Environmental control systems for astronauts, research in life sciences, advanced spac systems and cryogenic systems. IN THE AIR- Pressurization and air conditioning for most of the world's airliners and militaryaircraft,centralairdatasystems,heattranderequipmentandhundresdof components, ON LAND-GASTURBINEGROUNDSUPPORTFORAIRCRAFT;HEATING,REFRIGERATIONANDELECTRIC power for buildings; emergency standby power; turbochargers. ON THE SEA-Secondary electrical power and pneumatic power for ships; inflatable survival gear for commercial aircraft.UNDER THE SEA-Environmental Systems for submarines and deep-diving research vehicles; pressurizationsystems, computers and control systems for submarines and underwater missiles. You never stop growing at DuPont Growth is a 160-year habit with us. Take sales. Since 1937 they've increased 750%-to $2.4 billion in 1962. We spend more than $90 million a year in R&D. In fact, there are at least 200 new products under investigation at this writing and more being developed each day. What could Du Pont's growth mean to you? Since we always fill important positions from within, it could mean fast advance- ment, new responsibilities, new horizons-growing financial and creative satisfaction. It could mean, too, more numerous and more varied oppor- tunities. The new Du Pont engineer is likely to move from his original assignment to one or two others in the course of his first five years. This gives him a chance to "change jobs" right inside Du Pont. In 1963, more than 700 new B.S. graduates planted their feet at Du Pont. Perhaps you'd like to join us, too. Write today. transfer mechanism, the first nu- study as a container of an ab- merical model of the isotope up- sorption medium from which the take by rain was established. Us- retained radionuclides are re- ing a particle size equal or larger moved by three principal pro- ing the last two years under the than 0.1 micron as a daily aver- cesses, natural disintegration by supervision of the principal in- age, the following equation was nuclear decay, transportation by vestigator. developed: s u r f a c e runoff and r e l e a s e The first step taken in the through base flow during dry initial study was investigation n m dA/clt^cA (l+pV ) periods. The first numerical ex- of the statistical correlation be- pression of the g r o s s beta re- tween gross beta activities of air where dA/dt = rate of isotope up- moval was established from fif- and rain samples. Insignificant take by rain in(z(Xc/l/day teen consecutive five day periods correlations were found among A=air concentration of the as follows: the weekly average data collected isotope in^/Ac/m3 at three different locations in V = wind velocity in mil/hr dA/dt=kx R m D+k 2 AB+k3 Michigan; viz., Monroe, Car- c.ps linear coefficients, 324, leton, and Lansing, for an eigh- and 3.0 x 10~3 respectively teen month period. Suspecting where dA/dt=rate of decrease of that cause of the poor correla- n,m=non-linear coefficients, basin activity due to hydologic tion was due to inadequate sam- 1.20 and 0.90 respectively processes in^ic/period pling and lack of related infor- R = Rainfall runoff ratio mation, a new radiological sam- Recent field studies, based on D= radioactivity deposition pling station to sample individual continuous hourly analysis, have rate in(«»c/period rains and daily air activity was indicated that the model will be Y.\ * coefficient of surface established on the roof of the En- further modified after evaluation washout as 4.10 gineering Building in the summer of the secondary effects such as m= coefficient of runoff of 1962. The analysis of the type of rain, seasonal variation, ratio as 1.86 data obtained at the station dur- cloud height, rain intensity, rain ing the summer and fall of 1962 duration, rain droplet size, hu- tivityAg= in^c accumulated basin ac- revealed a remarkable correla- midity and barometric pressure. The particles ranging from mole- k2 - coefficient of base flow tion between the gross beta ac- 5 eriod tivities of the rain and air sam- cular to sub-micron size do not, release as 2.00 x 10" /P ples. It also disclosed an im- however, follow the above tran- k 3 • constant to compensate portant correlation with air tur- sition model of the particles of for activity present in basin be- bulence and types of rain. Furth- larger sizes. The behavior of the fore 7beginning the analysis as 3.2 er investigation to examine the sub-micron particles is now un- x 10 K*c/period correlation in the individual nu- der investigation by using a gas Investigation of the basin has clides of the air and rain rather adsorption technique followed by been continued in an attempt to than their gross beta activities filtration. examine the model for the indi- has been continued. The study has Concurrent with the air-rain vidual radioisotopes with con- shown a definite improvement in analysis, the absorption process sideration of other environmental ; the correlation of the invidual of the radionuclides deposited by variables, such as agronomy, nuclides. Furthermore, t h e rain in the model basin of Sloan ecology, and climatology of the study, together with other find- Creek has been analyzed from basin. The previous studies have ings, led to the conception that field measurement of the gross proven the existence of statis- the main transfer mechanism of beta activity. Definite character- tical laws which describe the the individual nuclides was due to istics of the absorption process overall movement of the radio- collision capture of the air par- have been determined from con- n u c l i d e s in the environment. ticulate matter containing a spe- tinuous evaluation of input and From the field measurement a cific radionuclide by descending output of the nuclide in the model mathematical analogy of the laws rain droplets. Based upon this basin. A mathematical model of has been found to exist which de- the basin was devised from the scribes the process of the move- ment with excellent accuracy. U MICHIGAN INDUSTRY edited by Fred George A new technique for creating crosswind forces on a moving automobile has been developed by General Motors Research Lab- oratories. The technique utilizes an experi- mental rocket engine mounted on the side of a passenger car or station wagon body. The result has been verification of equa- tions of lateral motions used in computer simulation of car handling. By recording ve- hicle motions when the rocket engine is fired, GM Research engineers proved that the computer method accurately simulates crosswind effects. Another feature of the technique is that it provides a relatively quick means of in- vestigating the crosswind stability of an ac- tual automobile. Ability to locate the rocket engine anyplace on the side of the car - - front, middle, rear — also enables engineers to predict the effect of crosswind forces that would be obtained with different body shapes. Burroughs Corporation has developed a near-billion character On-Line Disk File- Data Communications System with at least five times better access speed than disk files currently available. The new system provides twenty-milli- second average access time to 960 million characters of alphanumeric information, a speed comparable to magnetic drum devices at far less cost than equivalent drum storage. Designed for initial use with the Burroughs B5000 and B2000 series computers, the new file system includes remote communications capability through typewriters and teletype machines. There may be 120 typewriters and 5,985 teletype remote stations connected to the file. MSU NEWS NOTES EAST LANSING, Mich. — The director is to be applied which plants take in nutrients Michigan State University will first. He will be in charge of through their roots and their undertake large-scale basic r e - recruiting staff and establishing leaves and transport them to search on plants for the Atomic scientific emphasis. other parts. Energy Commission. The operating budget is ex- Many plants have a tendency An agreement to negotiate a pected to be about $500,000 for for taking in and concentrating contract was reported by Mich- the first year and to reach about radioactive materials. For in- igan Senator Philip A. Hart. $1 million annually by the time stance, they "mistake" stronti- Involved is the construction of the program is fully operative. um 90 for essential calcium. a r e s e a r c h building, costing Under terms of the agreement, While the mechanisms by which about $2 million, a staff of about MSU will construct a plant re- plants absorb and transport min- 90 persons and a budget of $1 search laboratory of about 63,000 erals is understood in general, million a year by 1967. square feet, which, with its built- much important detailed infor- Research will be aimed at un- in equipment, will cost about $2 mation is lacking. derstanding in detail the basic million. There is also a need for great- processes by which plants live. AEC will be charged a fixed er knowledge of the kinds of plants This understanding is expected annual rental for use of the which take on radioactive sub- to furnish answers to questions building which will allow for stances most readily and those about how radiation affects plants amortization of the construction which exclude them. and how damage from fallout to cost over a 10-year period. The The second example given of the nation's food crops could be agreement provides for continued minimized in event of a nuclear worthwhile projects is research occupancy at no further cost. on the c o m p l e x chemistry by war. The laboratory will include a Additionally, it is hoped that which plants live and grow. greenhouse and an underground Such work might reveal the MSU researchers can find plants radiation chamber containing a which largely exclude radioactive chemical step or steps most 3,000-curie, cobalt 60 source. vulnerable to radiation. materials or plants which con- This facility will allow MSU re- centrate them and could be used For instance, MSU scientists to scavenge the earth. Hither type searchers to expose plants to ra- would like to know why it is that would help to eliminate these diation over long periods. The all cells within a plant contain materials from man's diet fol- plants will be contained in five the same genes (determiners of lowing a nuclear war. or more movable plant chambers heredity) but that these same which provide temperature, light genes direct construction of many "The project," said Senator and humidity control. Hart, "will make Michigan State different kinds of cells — f°r a national center for research on Dean Byerrum said the AEC leaves, roots, blossoms, seeds, the effects of radiation on plants has found that the effects of ra- etc. and on fundamental plant studies diation on plants are more dam- One theory is that cells con- generally. aging and more complex than was tain special proteins which enable previously thought. only part of the genes to oper- "The choice of MSU for these studies is excellent recognition In its early studies, he ex- ate. of the high quality of research plained, the AEC placed more R e c e n t experiments indicate going on in our state." emphasis on effects of radiation that these "repressor proteins Dr. Richard U. Byerrum, MSU on man and laboratory animals. may be suffering radiation dam- dean of natural science, said AEC Now, the Commission wishes to age. officials visited several sites devote a larger effort to re- O t h e r studies indicate that and selected MSU as the most search on plants. DNA, the genetic material, is desirable. In recent experiments, the AEC particularly susceptible. In one Favoring the University, he exposed large acres of vegeta- experiment, damage done by ra- noted, were its strong biological tion to radiation. diation to biological material was sciences programs and its r e c - Results, said Dean Byerrum, undone by the addition of normal ord of success with many inter- indicate that heavy widespread DNA. disciplinary projects. radioactive fallout in a nuclear He reported that the research bomb war would likely cause In establishing the radiobotany will be led by a director and considerable destruction to the research center at MSU, the about eight professors and a s - basic source of man's food. AEC departed from its policy of sociate professors. In addition In its formal proposal to AEC, setting up its own research cen- there will be visiting professors' Michigan State outlined two re- ters separate from universities. pre-and post-doctoral research- search projects as examples of ers, technicians and office work- the types of study to be under- Having the research at a uni- taken. versity will enable the scientists One involves the process by to teach as well as do research 46 and thus help to reproduce their own kind, Dean Byerrum pointed them chose careers. universities, who were here to out. They met in groups of 25 learn more about a significant The researchers are to be ap- during the day with MSU engi- new concept in engineering edu- pointed to the Plant Research neers and scientists who tell them cation being developed at State. Laboratory from MSU and other what is going on in various fields. The three week seminar was universities. They will be given, Evenings are devoted to discus- sponsored by the National Science or will retain, academic rank in sions about careers by represen- Foundation t h r o u g h a $90,000 the appropriate University de- tatives from industry. grant made to M.S.U. for curri- partments. After four hours of classroom culum development in engineer- "Interchange of students and work at the Computer Labor- ing. In charge of the grant is staff between the laboratory and atory, each group divides into Dr. Lawrence W. Von Tersch, existing departments," the MSU sections of about six students chairman of electrical engineer- proposal noted, "will strengthen each. Each of these sections ing at Michigan State University. the research and training roles works on details of programming, The aspect of curriculum de- of both." the process of presenting a prob- velopment emphasized was the The laboratory is to be con- lem to the computer in language systems approached to teaching structed on MSU's growing Sci- it can understand. engineering. ence Complex. The problems are quite sim- The M.S.U. systems approach, This complex includes a Bi- ple but demonstrate the speed Dr. Von Tersch says, is aimed ology Research Center and a of the computer and its ability at giving students a m e a n s of nearly-completed planetarium. A to tackle more complex prob- analyzing and designing the sys- cyclotron and buildings for chem- lems, notes Dr. Martin G. Keen- tems that make up rockets, air- istry and biochemistry are under ey, assistant professor in the planes, automated factories and construction. Construction of a Computer Laboratory and in- other complexities of modern veterinary medicine building will structor of the classes. technology. start soon. One of the problems was find- Traditionally, electrical, me- Members of the committee who ing the greatest common divisor chanical and other types of en- prepared the proposal were Dean of two numbers. For instance, gineers speak d i f f e r e n t lan- Byerrum; Philip J. May, vice- in just a matter of a few sec- guages. The M.S.U. systems ap- president for business and fi- onds the computer was able to proach allows them to commun- nance; Dr. Thomas K. Cowden, tell them that the greatest com- icate in the mathematical lan- dean of agriculture; and the fol- mon divisor of 3,232,375 and 323 guage they both use and effec- lowing professors: Drs. Robert is 19. tively describe complex systems S. Bandurski and Leo W. Mericle, Actually, the computation itself using many types of parts. botany and plant pathology; Dr. could be measured in tenths of a Since the new approach em- M. John Bukovac, horiculture; second but it took the machine a phasizes the principles of sys- Dr. Fred C. Elliott, crop sci- few seconds to "read in" the ma- tems in general, there is less ence; and Dr. N. Edward Tolbert, terial and print out the answer. need for s e p a r a t e technol- biochemistry. —M.S.U. Informa- Another problem included find- ogy courses which use large, tion Services ing the least number and types expensive machinery. of coins needed to make change S t u d e n t s , instead, assemble for p u r c h a s e s of v a r i o u s systems on workbenches, using EAST LANSING, Mich. — amounts. small motors, hydraulic pumps With just six hours instruction, Dr. Keeney noted that com- and other components. The char- high school students are solving puters are being used more and acteristics of these components Problems on a computer at Mich- more in industry and university are then measured. igan State University. research. Most engineers today, The M.S.U. systems concept Emphasis in this rapid course he said, need to know how to was formed five years ago by isu ton telling students about com- program computers. Dr. Herman E. Koenig, Dr. Wil- P e r s in general rather than giv- The computer used was the liam A. Blackwell and associates ing them a thorough course in Control Data 160A. This comput- in the electrical engineering de- computer use. er was obtained by MSU from the partment. Since then, several Control Data Corp. to supple- pilot courses at M.S.U. have been Nevertheless, they learn taught using the new concept. enough that with assistance from ment MISTIC (Michigan State In- tegral Computer).—M.S.U. In- Graduates of these courses are the instructor, they can submit doing well in industry and grad- a simple Problem to the computer formation Services uate work, Dr. Von Tersch r e - and get the correct answer. ports. The students, 100 boys from a Dr. Koenig and others believe nine-state area, arrived at MSU that the systems approach will for a two-week s e s s i o n of the find application in other fields, Junior Engineers' and Scientists' For three weeks during Au- gust M.S.U. played host to rep- including s o c i a l sciences, hu- Summer Institute (JESSI). The manities and biological sciences. Institue is designed to broaden r e s e n tatives from twenty-six leading American colleges and —M.S.U. Information Services the students' horizons and help November, 1963 A move consists of placing a dime and penny makes the prob- BRAIN TWISTER the tips of the first and second lem more challenging. fingers on any two touching coins, one of which must be a penny This little conundrum which and the other a dime, then slid- was casually suggested by Sci- ing the pair to another spot entific American should intrigue along the imaginary line in the anyone who likes money or num- illustration. The two coins in the bers. Arrange three pennies and pair must touch at all times. two dimes in a row on a table, The coin at left in the pair must alternating the pennies and dimes remain at left; the coin at right as shown in the illustration. The must remain at right. Gaps in the problem Is to change their po- chain are allowed at the end of sitions to those shown at the any move except the final one. bottom of the illustration in the After the last move the coins s h o r t e s t possible number of need not be at the same spot on movrs. the imaginary line that they oc- cupied at the start. If it were permissible to shift two coins of the same kind, the puzzle could be solved easily in three moves. However, the pro- viso that each pair shifted include This Brochure Tells How You Can Advance Your Professional Career at Allison So, you're close to finishing your regular college cur- engineers in Mechanical Engineering, Aeronautical riculum. What then ? A job, of course, but how about Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Industrial Engi- continuing your learning ? neering, Engineering Science, Mathematics, Chemis- Allison's broad education and training programs try and Metallurgy. encourage the young graduate engineer to seek educa- Interested ? Talk to our interviewer when he visits tion beyond the normal four or five year college your campus. Or, write now for your copy of Allison's course. brochure, explaining your opportunities in Advance we'd like to tell you more about our Advance Study Study and our Accelerated Experience Program. Send program: The Tuition Refund Plan... Graduate Study your request to: Allison Division, General Motors Program . . . Technical Training Program . . . and Corporation, Indianapolis 6, Indiana. Art: Profes- Accelerated Experience Program. The AEP is designed sional and Scientific Placement, Dept. 1801. to help the new engineer gain on-the-job experience ln t h e shortest possible time. It's directed toward new Engineers In Choosing a Career, Consider these Advantages- Location: Fisher is basically an "Engineering' company with 1,500 employees located in a pleasant midwest community of 22,000. It's less than 10 minutes to the Fisher plant from any home in Marshalltown. Type Of WOrk: You'll become a member of an engineering team that has produced some of the outstanding developments in the field of automatic pressure and liquid level controls. GrOWth: Fisher's products are key elements in automation which assures the company's growth because of the rapid expansion of ' automation in virtually every industry. Advancement: Your opportunity is unlimited. It is company policy to promote from within; and most Fisher department heads are engineers. SOCIETY PAGE The Engineering Council The Engineering Council oper- include recognition of the out- ating in conjunction with the Dean s t a n d i n g engineering seniors, The Engineering Council is the of the Engineering College and presentation of the e x p o s i t i o n student government of the engi- the engineering d e p a r t m e n t awards and trophies and the tap- neering college. It is made up of heads, helps to direct and co- ping of new Knights of Saint Pat- representatives from the follow- ordinate the activities of the en- rick. ing organizations in the engi- gineering students. A third major activity under- neering college: The major activity of the coun- taken by the council this year cil is the annual engineering ex- is the distribution of the Spartan position held during spring term. Engineer magazine. I. Professional Societies The exposition features student The Engineering Council also AIChE, ASAE, ASCE, exhibits and displays along with has a d d i t i o n a l activities and ASME, IEEE, and SAE exhibits by private industry and services for engineering students II. Engineering Honoraries branches of the government. in the planning stages. Chi Epsilon, Eta Kappa Nu, Topping the social activities All members of the engineering Phi Lambda Tau, Pi Tau s p o n s o r e d by the Engineering student body are welcome to at- Sigma, Tau Beta Pi Council is the Engineers' Ball — tend the meetings of the council III. Other Organizations an annual dinner dance which is which are held every other Mon- Engineer's Wives, Knights held at the end of the exposition. day night and are encouraged to of Saint Patrick, Sigma The engineering q u e e n reigns voice their opinions on matters Phi Delta, and Triangle over the exposition, the dance and of concern to engineering stu- the intermission activities which dents. TRIANGLE FRATERNITY ASCE ASCE TERM CALENDAR The Michigan State Chapter of The purpose of the M.S.U. OCTOBER 3 mangle Fraternity is a social- Chapter is to help the student Speaker: Mr. W. A. Jeltma, professional fraternity. It is a prepare himself for entry into representing the Michigan Sec- social fraternity, but it is also the civil engineering profession tion of Associated General Con- professional because its mem- and the present branch of the So- tractors of American. Topic — bers are engineers and scien- ciety. "The Role of the Civil Engi- tists, only. Triangle Fraternity neer in Construction." is established on a national scale The chapter is a good me- with chapters at twenty-one col- dium for exercising principles of OCTOBER 17 leges and universities across the personal and public relations. Speaker: Mr. Kenneth Cook, country. An extensive expansion M e e t i n g s , which are held bi- representing Delenw Cather & Program is under way in the na- weekly allow the student to ob- Co. Topic - - "The Role of the tional organization. tain information about his fu- Civil Engineer in Consulting En- ture role in the p r o f e s s i o n . gineering." At the present time, Triangle Speakers at these meetings nor- is sponsoring a prdgram in co- mally represent a good cross OCTOBER 31 operation with the Michigan State section of the civil engineering New York Central Railways university Placement Bureau field. called " T o m o r r o w the World." program NOVEMBER 6 This is designed to aid In addition to regular meet- Joint ASCE Banquet between fraternity annt edr vsorority i members ings, the agenda usually includes the M.S.U. Chapter and the Lan- in their i e w i n g for jobs. a joint meeting with the Lan- sing-Jackson branch of the Senior The first Presentation of the sing-Jackson branch of theparent Chapter. Speaker: Dr. Miller. program took P l a c e o n October society, and an informal faculty Topic — His recent trip on the 24,1963. Mr. John Singleton, s t u d e n t social meeting. Also Mt. Everest Expedition. MichiganS t a t e University Placed available are opportunities to at- ment Bureau Director, spoke on tend meetings at other schools NOVEMBER 21 "How to get a job," T h e r e are when district conventions are Speaker: John Shingleton rep- five more P r e s e n t a t i o n s planned held. Near the end of spring term resenting the M.S.U. Placement for this yeat w i t h representa- a faculty-student picnic is held Bureau. tives of major companies a s annually. DECEMBER 5 speakers. Thes representatives The M.S.U. Chapter extends a S p e a k e r : Dr. C. E. Cutts, are from Dow Chemical, General personal invitation to visit with chairman of the M.S.U. Civil Eletric, general Motors, Ford, us at all the meetings listed be- Engineering Department. Topic and the Michigan Education Asso- low. Meetings are usually held in —"Technician vs. Engineer." room 146 E.B. at 7:00 p.m. There's an exciting challenge ahead foryoutoo,on a Cutler-Hammer automation team F or over s i x t y years Cutler Hammer has been a key con- sense automation proposals that can t r i b u t o r in planning automaticbe justified economically. examples of our automation planning skill at work. systems—now called automation Automation teams work together in W h a t are the advantages to the To meet the pressing challenge a modern 5 0 0 ' 0 0 0 square foot plant young, creative-minded graduate? rapidly expanding industrial auto-specifically designed to house every Short range, it's an exceptional op- mation, we have formed a number activity involved in the evolution of portunity for the man who responds automation project teams. The a system...in a creative climate to the challenge of finding new solu- teams combine the technical that is condusive to imaginative tions to tough manufacturing prob- manufacturing talents of versatile planning and development. lems. Long range, being a key member of a Cutler-Hammer auto- seasoned specialists andyoung,crea- mation team is an excellent way to tive-minded engineering and business This approach has paid off! Though get the diversified experience so administration graduates. industry has barely scratched the sur- face of the automation potential, our essential to steady career develop- Their primary job: to make sure th credentials already are quite impres- ment and future advancement. a customer's automation investmentsive, Jobs such as the U.S. Post Office pays an adequate return. mail handling systems in 14 major How do they meet this challenge By working with customer engineer cities;apallethandlingS y s t e m f o r a and consultants to isolate cost prob- mail-order firm;sdata teel accumulation lems in manufacturing and was systems for large Producers; a housing operations. Then, by apply- number of automobile b o d y - l i n e ing their individualdisciplinesand systems; bundle-handling systems for creative ingenuity to build common 30 major newspaper a package-handling system for mail a rooms; and prominent Publisher are just a few An E.E. professor eyed the "Who ever told that guy that In a shack on Wake Island, class as he prepared to return he was a prof? He might know it four Marines were playing bridge a batch of exam papers "You but he can't teach it. The trouble when another leatherneck rushed will remain seated while they is that he is too far advanced. in shouting: Two hundred Japs are passed out," he commanded. Every time he tries to explain have just landed on the beach. "If you were to stand, it is con- something, he gets so far off ceivable that you might accidently The four Marines looked at the subject that no one under- each other, and finally one said: form a circle. That would make stands anything about it. He "I'll go —I'm dummy this hand. me liable for arrest." outghta go back to the farm, or "Why?" the EE.'s wanted to * ** know. try teaching a more advanced A modern country is one which course." can ban fireworks and produceH- "I could be arrested for main- "Yeah, I flunked the course, bombs. taining a dope ring," too." * ** * ** * ** They moved apart as Frank The roadster slid around the lit their cigarettes; then she Statistics show that Vassar snuggled close to him again. g r a d u a t e s have 1.7 children, corner on two wheels, glanced on "Darling," she cooed, "how while Yale graduates have 1.4 a lamp-post, took the front pored many others were there before children on the average. This off a house, hit two parked cars, me?" proves that women have more bounced through an excavation, children than men. and come to a shuddering halt After a few minutes of silence, * ** she said, with a slight pout: against a stone fence. "Well, I'm still waiting?" Army doctor: "You have any A dreamy-eyed girl steppe" physical defects?" happily from the wreck. "Well," he replied, puffing thoughtfully, "I'm still count- Recruit: "Yes sir, no guts!" "Oh, darling," she exclaimed ing." "That's what I call a KISS!" * ** * ** Math Prof: "If there are fifty states in the Union, and super- heated steam equals the distance from Bombay to Paris, what is my age?" Frosh: "Forty-four, s i r . " Math Prof: "That's correct. How did you prove it?" Frosh: " I have a brother who is twenty-two and he is only half nuts." 54 Advertiser Page Advertiser page ALLIED CHEMICAL 2 INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER 6 ALLISON DIV. OF GENERAL MOTORS 49 KODAK Inside Bock Cover AMERICAN OIL COMPANY 1 LINDE DIVISION - UNION CARBIDE . . . . 9 THE ASPHALT INSTITUTE 55 MALLEABLE FOUNDERS SOCIETY .... 22 BENDIX CORP 15 MONSANTO 33 BETHLEHEM STEEL 4 NORTHROP 56 CUTLER-HAMMER 52-53 OLIN MATHIESON 30 DELCO RADIO 38 PRATT AND WHITNEY AIRCRAFT 28-29 DETROIT EDISON CO 31 RCA 23 DU PONT 43 RAYTHEON 36 FISHER BODY 50 SYLVANIA 21 FORD MOTOR CO 8 UNION CARBIDE 7 GARRETT 42 U.S. AIR FORCE 39 GENERAL DYNAMICS (Fort Worth) 16 U.S. NAVY 5 GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY . . . Back Cover WESTERN ELECTRIC 37 HAMILTON STANDARD 32 WESTINGHOUSE Inside Front Cover IBM 12-13 An idea grows from one mind to another. It may begin with nothing important. Just a word. Or a notion. But as each succeeding mind brings a fresh viewpoint, the idea begins to grow and mature. If you like working in an atmosphere that breeds ideas, you'll like working at Northrop. Stimulating minds and stimulating Pr ects are all a part of the climate here. We have more than 70 active projects in work, and we're constantly evaluating newlineso inquiry. Projects cover suh fields as interplanetary navigation and astro-inertial guidance, aerospace deceleration and landing, m machine and life support systems for space, sutomatic checkout and failure prediction systems world-wide communications. r- r This kind of chemical engineering is not as easy as it looks An outmoded stereotype should not mation in a given area. To your further different personality bent who, early scare a good Ch.E. off from a highly amazement you realize it's true—they in his career, prefers to put down roots satisfactory career in marketing. We do badly need to know exactly what in one of the three communities where are proud to say that the job calls for you are being paid to tell them and we manufacture —Rochester, N. Y., more than a collection of shaggy dog show them. (Willy Loman never had Kingsport, Tenn., Longview, Tex.—we stones plus a convincing manner of it so good.) By and by, you may do a need him too. And of course, diversi- taking two more strokes than the tour of duty in one of our field sales fied as we are, we also need engineers customer on that dogleg 14th hole. offices, or even get into the advertising of other than chemical persuasion, to end. As another course, you may settle say nothing of scholarly chemists and Often a marketing career in our down into liaison with manufacturers physicists to lay down good, solid n on-photographic operations starts of equipment that needs to be fed with foundations for all that engineering out much like the traditional concept our plastics, fibers, solvents, chemical and creative salesmanship. chemical engineering, except that intermediates, or fine chemicals. you work on the customers' production Problems instead of our own. Then We define the chemical marketer as you get to meet a few live customers a chemical engineer who forges the who come to see what you are up to. most rational links between what we Maybe you are sent to a trade con- can most efficiently turn out and what vention where you meet more than a other companies can most efficiently few customers. To your amazement, use. He is a hero of the chemical they seem to regard you as a foun- industry today. tainhead of valuable technical infor- As for the chemical engineer of Consider a Career in Technical Marketing Q. Mr. Smith, I know engineering plays a role in the design and manufacture of General Electric products, but what place is there for an engineer in marketing? A. For certain exceptionally talented individuals, a career in technical market- ing offers extraordinary opportunity. You learn fast what the real needs of customers are, under actual industrial conditions. You are brought face-to-face with the economic realities of business. You participate in some of the most exciting strategic work in the world: planning how to out-engineer and out-sell competitors for a major installation. Q. Sounds exciting. But I've worked hard for my technical degree. I'm worried that if I go into marketing, I won't use it. A. Don't worry—you'll use all the engineering you've learned, and you'll go on learning for the rest of your life. In fact, you'll have to. You see, the basic ' purpose of business is to sense changing customer needs, and then marshal resources to meet them profitably. That means that you must learn to know each customer's operations and needs almost as well as he understands them himself. And with competitors trying their best to outdo you, believe me— every bit of knowledge and skill you've got will be called into play. Q. Is that why you said you wanted "exceptionally talented people"? A. Technical marketing is not everybody's dish of tea. It takes great personal drive and energy, and a talent for managing the work of others in concert with your own. It takes flexibility . . . imagination . . . ingenuity . . . quick reflexes . . . leadership qualities. If you're nervous with people or upset by quick- Hianging situations, I don't think technical marketing's for you. But if you are excited by competition, like to help others solve technical problems, and enjoy •seeing your technical work put to the test of real operation—then you may be one ot the ambitious men we're looking for. Q. Now what, actually, does a man do in technical marketing? A. Let me describe a typical situation in General Electric. A field sales engineer is in regular contact with his customers. Let's say one of them makes an inquiry, or the sales engineer senses that the time is right for a proposition. With his field application engineer, he determines the basic equipment needed, Then he contacts the marketing sales specialist in the G-E department that manufactures that equipment. The sales specialist, working closely with his department's product engineers, specifies an exact design-realistic in function and cost. Then the sales engineer and his supporting team try to make the sale, changing and improving the proposition as they get cues from the competi- tive situation. If the sale is made--a very satisfying moment-then the installa- ion and service engineers install the equipment and are responsible for its operation and repair.With the exception of the product design engineers, these people are in technical marketing. Exciting work, all of it.