And the owner saves at least $1,000,000. ship on course. Steer clear of navigational In t h i s day of l o w - p r i c e d competition Westinghouse has developed a computer- hazards. Navigate so accurately it saves from ships under foreign flags, this controlled system for doing almost every- fuel. Keep an eye on all dials and gauges. velopment can add new strength to thing on a cargo ship faster and better. Control valves in the engine room. Keep Merchant Marine. It can be made to load and unload cargo records of operations. Analyze emergency The Westinghouse computer-controlled faster. Control speed directly from the situations and take corrective action. Even bridge with no help from below. Keep the system significantly reduces the annual check on how the cargo is doing. cost of operating a ship. You'd expect that a company with 50 years' experience in ex- For Union Carbide is also one of the world's largest pro- tracting oxygen from the air would lead the field. You might ducers of petrochemicals. As a leader in carbon products, it evenassume-and you'd be right-that it knows a lot about is developing revolutionary graphite molds for the continu- ous casting of steel. It is the largest producer of polyeth- how oxygen can s p e e d t h e making of steel. As a result, the company sells oxygen by the ton to steelmakers to help them ylene, and makes plastics for packaging, housewares, and produce faster and more floor coverings. Among its consumer products is "Prestone" efficiently. brand anti-freeze, world's largest selling brand. And it is You'd a l s o expect that a leader in cryogenics, the science one of the world's most diversified private enterprises in the of supercold, would develop an improved process for mak- field of atomic energy. ing the frozen orange juice concentrate that starts Tricia In fact, few other corporations are so deeply involved in so MCDONALD OFF TO A BRIGHT, GOOD MORNING. many different skills and activities that will affect the But there might be some doubt that two such technical and production capabilities of our next activities as helping to speed steel production and century. helping to improve frozen orange juice could come from one company We're growing as fast as Tricia McDonald. . Unless you knew Union Carbide. How To Solve Wear Problems With Pearlitic Malleable Castings A little known but extremely valuable property of Other critical wear applications for pearlitic Mal- pearlitic Malleable iron is its excellent wear resist- leable castings include transmission gears, pistons, ance. Pearlitic Malleable castings have good natural spring hangers, chain links, rolls and rocker arms. wear resistance and can be selectively surface hard- ened to 60 Rockwell C. Any of the common methods of hardening may be used induction, flame, salt or lead bath, or heat-treating furnaces. Properties of Three Representative Grades of Pearlitic Malleable Iron The current trend from steel to pearlitic Malleable castings for automotive crankshafts and connecting rods demonstrates the practicality of pearlitic Mal- leable for high wear applications. This pearlitic Malleable transmission gear with induction hardened teeth replaces a through- hardened steel gear. Important advantages of the pearlitic Malleable are reduced distortion during hardening, simpler method of hardening, lower purchase cost and lower machining costs. Excellent wear resistance, with or without hard- Here are typical comparisons of the wear resistance of unhardened pearlitic Malleable crankshafts with ening, combined with economy, quality, strength unhardened steel crankshafts. These figures are and machinability, place pearlitic Malleable cast- based on 50,000 mile proving ground tests in 13 ings at the top of the list of engineering materials automobiles. for vital parts. Get complete information on how you can improvp your products with Malleable an Wear Comparisons pearlitic Malleable castings from any company that displays this symbol — Pearlitic Malleable Crankshafts vs. Steel Crankshafts Our gasoline isn't good enough for some people... us We like to think that American Oil products are the best you can buy. And they are. We also like to think we can improve the quality of our prod- ucts without increasing the cost to the consumer. And we do. Consistently. A considerable amount of work is done in testing catalysts and searching for those which will help produce the types of gasoline our cus- tomers want at the price they can afford. One of the people engaged in the research and development of our manufacturing processes is John Mitchell, 24, a graduate Chemical Engineer from the University of Texas. The opportunities for bright young scientists like John Mitchell are virtually unlimited at American Oil. American Oil offers a wide range of new research opportunities for: Chemists- analytical, electrochemical, physical, and organic; Engineers—chemical, mechanical, and metallur- gical; Masters in Business Administration with an engineering (preferably chemical) or science background; Mathematicians; Physicists. For complete information about interesting careers in the Research and' Development Depart- ment, write: J. H. Strange, American Oil Company, P. 0. Box 431, Whiting, Indiana. What's new at Bethlehem Steel ? All this means career opportunities for alert and aggressive college grad- uates...in steel plant operations, sales, research, mining, shipbuilding, fabricated steel construction, and many other activities You can get a copy of our booklet, "Careers with Bethlehem Steel and the loop Course," at your Placement Office, or by sending a postcard to our Personal Division, Bethlehem, Pa. Spartan Engineer Volume 17 NO. 3 March, 1964 9 EDITORIAL 15 FACULTY REVUE 17 BIOCHEMISTRY AT MSU 22 ETA KAPPA NU SALUTES DR. LAWRENCE J. GIACOLETTO 24 BIO-SCIENCES EVOLVING 28 MISS ENGINEER 32 ENGINEERING AND THE MSU DAIRY PLANT 38 SIDE TRACKED There's an exciting challenge ahead foryoutoo,ona Cutler-Hammer automation team F or over sixty years Cutler- Hammer has been a key con-sense tributor in planning automatic automation bejustified economically. examples of our automation planning proposals that can skill What at work. are the advantages to the systems-now called automation. Automation teams work together in young, creative-minded graduate. a modern 500,000 squre foot plant To meet the pressingchallengeof specifically designed to house every Short range, it's an exceptional op- rapidly expandingindustrialauto- portunity for the man who responds mation, we have formed anumberof activity involved in the evolution of automation project teams. These a system...in a creativ climate to the challenge of finding new solu- teams combine thetechnicaland that is conductive to imaginative tions to tough manufacturing prob- manufacturing talentsofversatile, planning and development. lems. Long range, being a key seasoned specialists andyoung,crea- member of a Cutler-Hammer auto- tive-minded engineering and businessThis approach has paid off! Though mation team is an excellent way to administration graduates. industry has barely scratched the sur- get the diversified experience so face of the automation potential, our essential to steady career develop- Their primary job: tomakesurethatcredentials sive. Jobs already are quite impres- such as the U.S. Post Office ment and future advancement. a customer's automation investment pays an adequate return. How do they meetthischallenge mail handling systems in 14 major cities; a pallet By working handling with customer engineers system for a and consultants to isolatecostprob-mail-order firm; data accumulation lems in manufacturing and ware- systemsforlargesteelproducers;a housing operations.Then,byapply- number of automobile body-line ing their individualdisciplinesandsystems;bundle-handlingsystemsfor creative ingenuity to build common-30majornewspapermailrooms;and apackage-handlingsysyemfor a prominentpublisherare just a few EDITORIAL Att'n: Students and Staff Re: A Change The Spartan Engineer Magazine is proud to exist. The administration of the College of Engineering is proud of us also. I fear, however, that the faculty and graduate students within the college are not very proud of us. Many appeals have been made to the various people mentioned to obtain written matter that could be printed within this magazine. The effort, to date, has been useless. It has been a long time since the Spartan Engineer has printed an article not signed by a staff member. With the printing of this ussue, the old policy of having the staff members write all the copy, shall cease. Henceforth, all copy shall come from the faculty, graduate students, juniors, and seniors; or any other person exempting the staff. I feel confident that the College of Engineering will not let us down, but will show a physical sign of support equal to the words of the past. Whether the Spartan Engineer lives or exists depends upon you of the College, now. There are only two departments at MSU which have a pub- lished magazine representing them. Let us not make it one. J.B.L. ONLY FORD-BUILT CARS MEET THE CHALLENGE WITH TOTAL PERFORMANCE! ment Award for engineering excellence which "superbly combines the prime essentials of great automobiles- performance, reliability, durability, comfort and safety" Something wonderful's happened to Ford Motor Company cars! Under the freshest styling seen in Total performance makes a world of difference. Bodies years, there's a new kind of durability and vigor that and frames are solid and quiet even on the roughest more than meets the demands of today's and tomor- roads. The ride's so smooth, so even-keeled, it seems row's high-speed turnpike driving conditions. to straighten the curves and shorten the miles. And What's the secret? Quality engineering for total per- nothing matches the spirit, sparkle and stamina of formance. Quality engineering so outstanding that advanced Ford-built V-8's and thrifty Sixes. Total Ford Motor Company received the NASCAR Achieve- performance is yours to enjoy in all our 1964 cars—from the frisky Falcon to the matchless Lincoln Continental. Another of your future's many facets at Monsanto If you like thei d e a of Paving your ability rapidly, consider marketing for Monsanto as acareer. T h i s w o r l d w i d e company (represented in 70 nations), has quadrupled salesint h e l a s t twelve years, is expanding rapidly. Monsanto needs menw i t h s a | es talent who also have the creative ability to antici- pate and generate demand for future products. You'll have the stimulation of pio- neeringwithnew,exciting products that demand full use of your professional skills. See your Placement Director to arrange for an interview when we visit your campus soon. Or write for our br ochure, "Your Future and Monsanto," to Manager, Profes- sionalRecruiting,Department ED, Monsanto, St. Louis, Missouri 63166. An Equal Opportunity Employer Delco Means Opportunity to George Fitzgibbon • George Fitzgibbon is a Senior Experimental Chemist at Delco Radio. He's pictured here examin- ing silicon rectifier sub-assemblies for microscopic solder voids during the development stage. George received his BS in Chemistry from the University of Illinois prior to joining Delco Radio. As he puts it, "I found, at Delco, an opportunity to take part in a rapidly expanding silicon device de- velopment program. The work has proved to be challenging, and the people and facilities seem to stimulate your best efforts." The young graduate engineer at Delco will also find opportunity—and encouragement—to continue work on additional college credits. Since our incep- tion, we've always encouraged our engineers and scientists "to continue to learn and grow." Our Tuition Refund Program makes it possible for an eligible employee to be reimbursed for tuition costs of spare time courses studied at the university or college level. Both Purdue and Indiana Universities offer educational programs in Kokomo, and Purdue maintains an in-plant graduate training program for Delco employees. Like George Fitzgibbon, you too may find chal- lenging and stimulating opportunities at Delco Radio, in such areas as silicon and germanium device de- velopment, ferrites, solid state diffusion, creative packaging of semiconductor products, development of laboratory equipment, reliability techniques, and applications and manufacturing engineering. If your training and interests lie in any of these areas, why not explore the possibilities of joining this outstanding Delco—GM team in forging the future of electronics ? Watch for Delco interview dates on your campus, or write to Mr. C. D. Long- shore, Dept. 135A, Delco Radio Division, Genera Motors Corporation, Kokomo, Indiana. An equal opportunity employer Are you ready for a multi-million-dollar responsibility? If you are, there's a place for you on the Aerospace to show it in the Air Force. Your work can put you and team--theU.SAir Force- your country ahead. You cart earn your commission at Air Force Officer no organization in the world gives young people a Training School, a three-month course open to both greater opportunity to do vital, responsible work. men and women. To apply, you must be within 210 For example, just a short w h i l e ago a 23-year-old Air days of your degree. Force lieutenant made a startling breakthrough in For more information, contact the Professor of metallurgy.Anda r e c e n t A l | - A m e r i c a t a c k l e i s d o i n g ad- Air Science. If your campus has no vancedresearchin nuclear weapons. AFROTC, see your Air Force recruiter. Ifyouhavetalent,you'llhavea chance Is O l i n right for you? Graduates in science, engi- We make the hydrazine neering and business adminis- derivatives that power Titan tration will find an abundance rockets. And the explosive of career opportunities at Olin. Our major bolts that separate rocket stages. areas of activity are carried on through 7 Nydrazid,® our anti-tubercular drug, is divisions: Chemicals, Metals, Organics, one of the major reasons T B deaths have Packaging, Squibb, Winchester-Western, decreased 60% in the last eight years. and International. Do you want to know some of the things You can start in any division, but your we're doing? advancement is not necessarily confined to We're developing a high-speed cartridge the division you choose. (Olin is flexible.) that will enable medicine to be injected Olin has a substantial research budget. without the use of hypodermics. And our research laboratories are among We're coating packaging film with anti the most advanced in the field. We give you biotics to do away with the tremendous the resources and equipment that creative waste in food spoilage. research and development demand. We're perfecting a process that will Do you want to know some of the things enable doctors to replace diseased bones. Olin has done.'' These are just some of the things Olin We developed a process for producing is doing. (Our research and development any continuous tubing pattern into a homo- geneous sheet of aluminum or copper. It's average: One new product every week.) called Roll-Bond.® (Designers have a field Do you think Olin may be for you? day with this one.) If you call us, we'll do our best to help you reach a decision. FACULTY REVUE In one of the little laboratory Dr. Anderson was born in Iron Dr. A n d e r s o n is writing a rooms near the end of the cor- Mountain, Michigan. His under- series of programmed learning ridor on the second floor of the graduate years were spent at i n s t r u c t i o n manuals for the Engineering Building is a steel the University of Illinois and he American Petroleum Institute. i-beam with a light source, spec- received his M.S. and Ph.D. in These manuals reduce the basic ial filters, various lenses and Chemical Engineering from the chemistry and operation of pet- half mirrors, a large wooden University of Washington at Se- roleum refineries to the level of box and a metal tube mounted attle. In April, 1960, he returned the high school graduate in order on it What is it? Why, a Mach- to his native state as Assistant to make possible rapid self- Zehnder interferometer which is Professor of Chemical Engineer- training of new workers in the being used to study diffusion, of ing at Michigan State University. petroleum industry. course. Extremely a c c u r a t e Here he t e a c h e s graduate The diffusion laboratory men- measurements of the rates and courses in Transport Phenomena tioned earlier is financed by a amounts of diffusion of each liq- and Advanced Chemical Engi- research grant from the Amer- uid i nt t h e o t h e r a t a ° constant neering Mathematics. He also can C h e m i c a l Society using temperature are computed from teaches undergraduate courses money from the Petroleum Re- measurementsmadeon photo- in the areas of thermodynamics search Fund. graphs of the interference pat- and control systems. Another Standing in a research labor- terns of light passed through the portion of Dr. Anderson's time goes into advising the Student atory or just looking through the Chapter of the American Insti- pages of this magazine, one con- diffusion cell. tute of Chemical Engineers, and siders the phenomenal advances Mutual tures hasdiffusionbeen one of liquid of Dr. Don-mix- the serving of Program and Ed- being made in all fields of en- ald K. Anderson's major inter- ucation Projects Committees of gineering and wonders how en- s f olistr s oofm e t i m e , a s a g l a n c e the national organization. eat s this gineering education can possibly Publications c u r r e n t will Dr. Anderson is a member of keep up. Dr. Anderson explained: show.However,his areas the American Chemical Society "The increasing complexities of of research also include such and the American Society of En- modern technology requires the subjects as foam olfractionation gineering Education. engineering student to spend a and properties of P yelectrolyte In addition, he holds a r e - greater proportion on his time solutions. In the b latter ehavi area,, search contract with the Upjohn on the fundamental laws of Na- knowledge of the ° r of Company for study on liquid chro- ture. Since these laws do not polymers that i o n i z e m a y give matography and is a consulting change, the useful lifetime of the us clues about thebehavior of author with the Resources De- engineer's education is indefin- such natural substances as the velopment Corporation. ite." proteins in livi ng organisms. BIOCHEMISTRY AT MSU . During the 19th Century, lead- are fundamental to the various logical phenomena by using the ing chemists pondered this puz- manifestations of life, including methods and concepts of phy- zle: Are the substances found in growth, reproduction, and move- sical chemistry. animal and plant tissue the prod- ment. An important phase of this ucts of some mysterious "vital In the past 20 years, knowledge work is the development of ways force"? Or do they o b e y the or- has grown at an unprecedented to purify biological compounds dinary laws of chemical combin- rate. But the solution of one and the development of criteria ation? And c a n t h e y b e synthe- problem always shows that other by which purity may be judged. sized in the laboratory? Many purification methods are problems exist. As a result, much The 19th Century scientists vital work now lies ahead. For based on the fact that, in a given discovered that athere was noth- some time to come, biochem- medium, molecules of different bout s u b s t a n c e s move at different ing mysterious the sub- istry will be one of the most stances.Theyfoundthatmany had rapidly growing fields of sci- speeds under appropriate condi- very simple structures that could ence, both in the rate of ac- tions: under the influence of an test tube cumulation of new knowledge and electric field, for instance (elec- beduplicatedina by in the growing number of new trophoresis), or under the influ- synthesisfromsuch elements as research areas. ence of a gravitational field (ul- tracentrifugation), or under the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, ox- HOW RESEARCH IS CONDUCTED influence of a concentration gra- ygen, phosphorus, and sulphur, dient (diffusion), or when placed By1895,s c i e n t i s t s were aware IN BIOCHEMISTRY in contact with a moving solvent that all organic substances con- To analyze the sub-microscop- (c o u n t e r-current distribution, tain carbon. And from that time ic molecular pattern of the pro- chromatography). All of these on, the field of organic chemistry toplasm — and thus understand methods serve not only to purify became primarily the study of the structure and function of cells a compound but, in many cases, compoundsofc a r b o n . whether — the biochemist makes use of to indicate its degree of purity, natural or synthetic in their or- highgly developed physical and its molecular size, and the quan- gin. chemical tools. tity present. At the beginning Research in physical biochem- Interactions of light with mat- of the 20th ter are widely used for the char- century, biochemistry seperatehad discipline. istry has contributed greatly to emerged as a the understanding of the struc- acterization of biological com- It concerned it self not merely ture of large molecules of bio- pounds. Among these is the spe- with the chemicall c o n tent of na- logical origin. This branch of bio- turalproducts, chemical b u t a l s o with reactions t h a t o c c u r the (Continued) living in chemistry throws light on bio- systems - reactions that cific absorption of light of cer- D e a l i n g with the chemical In academic institutions, op- tain wave-lengths by particular s t r u c t u r e of biological com- portunities exist in a variety of compounds; this forms the basis p o u n d s , and particularly with departments such as biochem- of infra-red, visible, and ultra- methods for synthesizing biolog- istry, biology, chemistry, and violet spectrophotometry. This ical compounds in the laboratory, agricultural biochemistry. A princple is used widely, both is the field of biochemistry called person with advanced training in for identifying compounds and organic biochemistry. biochemistry would be qualified for determing their concentra- From the days of Woehler and to teach and conduct research in tion and purity. Studies of X-ray limil Fischer down to the present, diffraction by crystals provide any of these areas. And at in- information about the internal more and more of the natural s t i t u t i o n s with agricultural structure of molecules, small compounds have yielded the se- schools, opportunities are of- and large. cret of their structure. And many fered to biochemists who have a of them have been made in the particular interest in applying Another phase of physical bio- laboratory. Recent, and exciting, their knowledge to the problem chemistry is concerned with the discoveries include the synthesis of agriculture. realtive ability of various bio- of the adrenocorticotropic hor- logical substances to take part in mone (ACTH) and chlorophyll. o x i d ation-reduction reactions. Only the most complex of bio- BIOCHEMISTRY AT MICHIGAN This is determined electrome- logical compounds, such as pro- STATE UNIVERSITY trically, by the potential of the teins and nucleic acids, still r e - reacting system. Such measure- 1.2 million dollars in the form ments are important for the un- sist the attack of the organic of a grant towards the construc- derstanding of the process of hy- chemists. Even here, much is tion of the new Biochemistry drogen or electron transfer, as it now being l e a r n e d about the Building from the National Sci- occurs in fermenting or respir- structure of these substances, ence Foundation says that M.S.U. ing systems. A closely related and the possibility of eventually has a staff competent to teach subject deals with the regula- synthesizing them in the labor- biochemistry and conduct re- tion of a biological system's atory is no longer an idle dream. search important to science, ac- acid-base balance. The acid-base cording to Dr. R. G. Hansen, relationships are of great im- THE NEED FOR BIOCHEMISTS Professor and Chairman of the portance in maintaing all of the Department of Biochemistry at substances in the cell (including In academic institutions, hos- M.S.U. M.S.U. also received a the enzymes) in the form that is pitals, industry, and government, 1.4 million dollar grant for the most compatible with proper bio- the demand for biochemists is new building from the National logical function. great and the opportunities are Health Institutes. This, Dr. Han- numerous. sen says, reflects on the fact that the M.S.U. Biochemistry De- partment is doing health related research. The biochemistry of information storage and trans- mittal is an area where the M.S.U. department excells. Pro- gress has also been made at M.S.U. in the biochemistry of metabolism. Studying in the department are 15 post-doctoral reseach train- ees and 45 graduate students. Undergraduates number 56 in biochemistry, approximately one third of which are doing research work in the department on a self- learning basis. This research work adds an important element to the undergraduate students' backgrounds. Present course requirements for the undergraduate biochem- ists include on year of physics (277-78-79), one year of calculus as well as a term of differen- tial equations. New admissions are attaining even more exten- sive mathematical backgrounds. This would indicate that bio- chemists at M.S.U. are equipped to extend into bioengineering fields with little additional train- ing and with extensive biochem- ical backgrounds. Made possible by the new Bio- chemistry Building is a modest staff expansion. The Biochem- istry Department has been inter- viewing major scientists and is hoping to attract two or three to the East Lansing campus. There are h o p e s t o double or triple the post-doctoral research training program, as well as n u m b e r of double the graduate students. There is also an an- ticipated expansion of un- dergraduate ing program. r e s e a r c h train- September of 1964 is the an- ticipated the new facility. date of completion of THEREWILLBEANEAGLEON THE MOON.. Our world-recognized trademark—"the P&WA eagle"—has been identified with progress in flight propulsion for almost four decades, spanning the evolution of power from yesterday's reciprocating engines to today's rockets. Tomorrow will find that same Pratt & Whitney Aircraft eagle carrying men and equipment to the moon and to even more distant reaches of outer space. Engineering achievement of this magnitude is directly traceable to our conviction that basic and applied research is essential to healthy Progress. Today's engineers at Pratt & Whitney Aircraft accept no limiting criteria. They are moving ahead in many directions to advance our programs in energy conversion for every environment. Our progress on current programs is exciting, for it anticipates the challenges of tomorrow. We are working, for example, in such areas as advanced gas turbines . . . rocket engines . . . fuel cells . . . nuclear powerall opening up new avenues of exploration in every field of aerospace, marine and industrial power application. ThebreadthofPratt&WhitneyAircraftprograms requires virtually every tech- nicaltalent...requiresambitious young engineers and scientists who can con- tributetoouradvancesof the state of the art. Your degree? It can be a B.S., M.S. orPh.Din"MECHANICAL,AERONAUTICAL . ELECTRICAL . CHEMICAL and NUCLEARENGINEERING.PHYSICS . CHEMISTRY . METALLURGY . CE- RAMICS. MATHEMATICS. ENGINEERINGSCIENCE or APPLIED MECHANICS. Career boundaries with usc a n b e f u r t h e r extended through a corpo- ration-financedGraduateEducation Program. For further information regardingopportunitiesa t Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, consult your col- lege placement officer—write to Mr. William L. Stoner, Engineering Department,Pratt& Whitney Aircraft, East Hartford 8, Connecticut. ETA KAPPA NU SALUTES Dr. Lawrence J. Giacoletto Due to his great achievements ican Theater and Reserve Offic- Science, American Physical So- to the electrical engineering pro- ers' medals. After his discharge ciety, Institute of Electrical and fession, the Gamma Zeta Chapter from the Army in 1946, he went Electronic E n g i n e e r s , and tne of Eta Kappa Nu, wishes to honor to work as a research engineer American Ordnance Association. Dr. Lawrence J. Giacoletto, Pro- for the RCA Laboratories in He was a judge at the Metro- fessor of Electrical Engineering, Princeton, New Jersey. While politan Science Fair in Detroit, Michigan State University. Dr. there he was engaged in research Michigan in April I960; Presi- Giacoletto attended Rose Poly- work of various kinds. Most sig- dent of the Detroit Rose Tech- technic Institute, Terre Haute, nificant was his work in tran- nical Club, 1960-61; and a Mem- Indiana, on a McGregor Scholar- sistor theory, fabrication, meas- ber of the Penns Neck New ship, from 1934 to 1938, and re- urement, and circuit applica- Jersey Lions Club, 1954-56. He ceiving his B.S. in Electrical tions. He developed the widely is listed in American Men oi Engineering there in May of 1938, used transistor equivalent cir- Science, Who's Who in Engineer- he went on to the State University cuit, and participated in the de- ing, Who's Who in Science ana of Iowa, where he was granted a velopment of transistor noise Industry, National Engineering, Research Assistantship. After theory. He also did original r e - R e g i s t e r of Engineers Join attaining his Masters in Physics search work on the non-linear Council, and National Register oi at Iowa in August of 1939, he semiconductor capacitor for par- Scientific and Technical Person- proceeded to the University of ametric amplification. While nel. He has been very active Michigan, where he was granted working for RCA he received his and has held several positions a Teaching Fellowship from 1939 Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering, in the Institute of Radio Engi- to 1941, and where he did re- from the University of Michigan, neers, and holds over twenty search work on various aspects in February, 1952. In 1956 he of frequency modulation. In June patents. He has published over moved to the Scientific Labora- forty-three technical a r t i c l e s , 1941 he entered the Army Signal tory of Ford Motor Company, Corps and attained the rank of and contributed to several books where he was Manager of the including, "Electricity' ,chap- Lieutenant Colonel. While in the Electronics Department, until in service he was the Officer in N o v e m b e r I960 when he left ter 8 of Vol. I of "Methods of Charge of Radio Direction Find- Ford, and was granted a Pro- Experimental Physics, Clasical ing research and development on fessorship in the Department of Methods", (with M. Ference), navigational systems communi- Electrical Engineering, and the A c a d e m i c Press, 1956, and cations, direction f inders.meteor- Department of Engineering Re- "Transistor I", RCA Labora- ological direction finders and search at Michigan State Uni- tories, March, 1959. radio modes, and related appar- versity. atus. He was directly responsible Dr. Lawrence J. Giacoletto is for and actively participated in Dr. Giacoletto is a member of truly a prime example of an out- the development of a direction various academic, scholastic and standing Electrical Engineer, and finder of novel design. He re- technical societies, including we the members of the Gamma ceived the A m e r i c a n Service, Tau Beta Pi, Blue Key, Gamma Zeta Chapter of Eta Kappai Nu Victory, J a p a n e s e Occupation, Alpha, Phi Kappa Phi, Iota Al- are p r o u d to have him as a Asiatic-Pacific Theater, Amer- pha, Sigma Xi, American Asso- member of The Michigan State, ciation for the Advancement of Electrical Engineering Faculty. Ohio University conferred a B.S.E.E. degree on C. T. This constant challenge of the totally new, com- Huck in 1 9 5 6 . Tom knew of Western Electric's history bined with advanced training and education opportu- of manufacturing development. He realized, too, that nities, makes a Western Electric career enjoyable, our personnel development program was expanding stimulating and f r u i t f u l . Thousands of young men to meet tomorrow's demands. will realize this in the next few years. How about you? If responsibility and the challenge of the future ap- After graduation, Tom immediately began to work peal to you, and you have the qualifications we seek, on the development o f e | ectronic switching systems. talk with us. Opportunities for fast-moving careers Then, in 1958, Tom went to t h e Bell Telephone Lab- exist now for electrical, mechanical and industrial oratories on a t e m P ° r a r y assignment to help in the engineers, and also for physical science, liberal arts advancement of o u r n a t i ° n a l military capabilities. At and business majors. For more detailed information, their Whippany, New Jersey, labs, T o m worked with get your copy of the Western Electric Career Oppor- the western electric development team on computer tunities booklet from your Placement Officer. Or write circuitry for the N i k e Z e u s g u i d a n c e system. Tom then Western Electric Company, Room 6405, 222 Broad- moved on to a new a s s i g n m e n t a * WE's Columbus, way, New York 38, N. Y. And be sure to arrange for Ohio, Works. There, T o m i s working on the develop- a personal interview when the Bell System recruiting ment of testing circuitry for the memory phase of elec- team visits your campus. tronic switching systems. BIO-SCIENCES EVOLVIN by Dick Steiner Thomas Sampeer John B. Locke WHERE'S GARRETT? EVERYWHERE, Here are a few of the ways U.S. defense and space progress are being helped by Garrett-AiResearch: IN SPACE- Environmental control systems; auxiliary powersystems;advanced space power systems; research in life sciences. IN THE AIR-Pressunzation and air conditioning for most of our aircraft; prime power for small aircraft; central air data systems; heat transfer equipment and hundreds of components. ON LAND- Auxiliary power systems for ground support of aircraft and missiles; standard generator sets; cryogenic systems; ground support instrumentt.on and controls. ON THE SEA-Auxiliary. pneumatic and electrical power for ships; auxiliary power systems and air conditioning for hydrofoil craft. UNDER THESEA-Environmentalsystemsforsubmarmes and deep diving research vehicles; pressurization systems, computers and control systems for submarines and underwater missiles. MISS ENGINEER Marie Smith WHERE ARE YOU GOING THIS VOCATION? Young scientists and engineers "going places" investi- servomechanisms • stress analysis • Propulsion gate a variety of challenging engineering avenues communications design • reliability/maintainability before selecting one best suited to their goals. And engineering • reconnaissance systems •amplifierand they look for a professional climate with lots of indi- computer systems • microwave components design vidual recognition and advancement opportunity. If electromagnetic interference control • electronic sys- you are charting your career along this course, let terns analysis • telemetry and tracking • trajectory Ling-Temco-Vought be your guide. analysis • manufacturing r&d • industrial engineering As one of the nation's most versatile contributors to • technical administration . . . plus many others. For a closer look at the numerous career directions the aerospace, military electronics and communica- available with Ling-Temco-Vought, ask your Placement tions sciences, LTV can offer you a personalized route Office for our brochure describing LTV projects and to an exciting and rewarding future in such areas as products. Or write College Relations Office, Ling- aerodynamics • avionics and instrumentation * Temco-Vought, Inc., P. 0. Box 5907, Dallas 22, Texas, operations analysis * dynamics • systems design • Ling-Temco-Vought is an equal opportunity employer. Arm yourself with facts about DuPont These booklets helped persuade some 700 new B.S. graduates tojoinus in 1963. It was mostly a matter of getting facts. For example, section of the if you want to s t a r t y ° u r career in a certain country, you'll find that Du P o n t - w i t h facilities in 28 states--will try to accommodate you. growth for what jt c a n mean to If you're interested in y°u personally, you'll be interested to know that our sales have increased 750% since 1937.Y o u ' v e Probably heard that R&D expendituresareagoodl n d i c a t o r of a company's future success. We spend $90 million a year on it, $60 million of which goes straight into "pioneering research" - the discovery of new scientific truths and newm a t e r i a l s - Our booklets will answer most of your preliminary questions. later-or even now if you wish-we can talk specifics by letter, or face to face. Why not write us ° r s e n d o u r coupon? W e ' d like to know about you. ENGINEERING AND THE MSU DAIRY PLANT More than once Michigan State equipped in 1956, it was the most therefore more economical pro- has been referred to as "Moo modern of its kind in the world. duction and also for a purer prod- U." or as a "Cow College" in Since then, improvements in the uct. However, since itis essenttaa a derogatory manner as though engineering and design of the for the milk to be as pure as the scientific approach to im- dairy industry have changed this possible, the processing equip- proved agriculture was to be status. For the sake of brevity, ment must be cleaned often At looked down upon. However, if let us look only to the advances one time this required a dis- serious thought is given to the of the last five years. mantling of the equipment and subject, it becomes apparent that Engineering is important in cleaning by hand. Now, however, the a d v a n c e s made, resulting all phases of the dairy industry, by a new method cleaning solu- from work at M.S.U. have far- production on the farm, transpor- tions are pumped through tneap- reaching consequences. For a tation of the product from the paratus and it is cleaned in specific example, the engineer- place (CIP in the dairy Indus- ing improvements made at the farm to plant, methods of pro- cessing the product to its fin- try) without dismantling, This Michigan State Dairy Plant are results in a great savings of extremely interesting. ished state, and in a small way, distribution to the consumer. The time which can be put to good Michigan State produces and part which engineering plays in use in production. processes all of the milk and the industry basically has to do Automation, which has become other dairy products which are with improving production effi- a big word in all Industries, consumed on the campus. The ciency and thereby lower costs. has contributed to dairy produc- milk is brought onto campus Automation, for instance, has tion in proportion. Through au- from the university dairy farms. provided far greater production tomation milk can be treated for It is then processed entirely at efficiency and, moreover, for a sterilization at higher temper- the M.S.U. Dairy Plant which is higher quality and more uniform atures. Less training is required located on Farm Lane adjacent to for employees in the dairy in- Anthony Hall. Viewed from the product. Returning to the M.S.U. outside, the Dairy Plant is not dairy plant we find work being dustry. Thus, the high wages of a very impressive building but conducted here which applies en- specially trained and experieinced once you go inside you get an gineering to the diary industry. men can be avoided. Automation entirely different picture. The Milk has for some time now has also been used for improve- maze of e q u i p m e n t spread been able to travel from cow to ments in refrigeration.Insteadof throughout the building is awe- consumer w i t h o u t ever being needing a man to watch a tem- some. When the p l a n t was touched by human hands. This perature guage, an auto-control provides for more efficient and does a better job by a direct connection to the equipment com- pressors. Computers have been ments are being conducted at the took three months to cure, c put to good use in the ice cream Michigan State Dairy Plant in now be prepared in ten days, industry. The computers calcu- several fields in the dairy in- Through engineeringthedairy late the amount of each ingred- dustry. Studies are being made industry is producing a superior ient which should be bought ac- concerning the direct hardening product at a low cost. But the cording to prevailing prices in of ice cream to replace the pres- end is not yet in sight. Dr. the market. They can also be ent system of hardening it in a T. J. Hedrick, managerofthe used to keep track of inventories cold atmosphere, and on the me- M.S.U. Dairy plant has said, and when the supply of a certain chanical conveyance of butter "There is no limit astohow ingredient falls below a prede- as by pumping. Only recently far we can automate. Let them termined level, the computers the dairy plant has succeeded call us a "cow college"butdon't can point out a supply order. in experiments on cutting down let them forget that because we Presently, work and experi- the time necessary to cure some are a "cow college they eat cheeses. Blue cheese, which once better at lower cost. yet cut cost 20% Originally, this crosshead for a lift truck was not a forging. Now it is forged in steel. Here's why . . . The lift truck builder wanted to increase the safety factor to meet greater bending and shear stresses. He also wanted to increase the fatigue strength of the part. And all without any in- crease in weight or cost. He also wanted to reduce tool breakage caused by irregularities, voids, and inclusions. He changed overto FORGED crossheads. Now the crosshead has the required strength and stress-resistance, costs 20% less when machined and ready to assemble, increases production rates 14% by reducing tool break- age and increasing machining speeds. Forgings are better for these reasons; they: 1. Are solid, free from voids and inclusions 2. Have high fatigue resistance 3. Are strongest under impact and shock loads 4. Have a higher modulus of elasticity 5. Have a unique stress-oriented fiber structure 6. Are low in mechanical hysteresis Memo to future engineers: "Make it lighter and make it stronger" is the demand today. No other metalworking process meets these two requirements so well as the forg- ing process. Be sure you know all about forgings, their design and production. Write for Case History No. 105, with engineering data on the lift truck crosshead forging shown above. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING and JETG ANNUAL ENGINEERING EXPOSITION and CONFERENCE will be held at MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY East Lansing, Mich. MAY 15-16, 1964 well as sites around the world, provide Career mobility, based on the ability to develop i n the direction of your best an environment permitting planned talent or interests, is made possible growth — personally and professionally. for y o u Three parallel paths of advancement at Sylvania Electronic Systems. offer the opportunity to progress as a technical Y °u will actively contribute to advanced work manager, technical specialist or program/project spanning disciplines and areas such as earth/space communications; electronic reconnaissance, detec- manager — all with equal rewards. tion,countermeasures;radar; information handling; Sylvania Electronic Systems is a major division aerospace; and complex systems for military corn- of Sylvania Electric Products Inc., supported by the mand and control. impressive technical and financial resources of the Nineteen interrelated research and advanced de- parent company, General Telephone & Electronics velopment laboratories throughout the country, Corporation. as Passing a door in the wee A nurse in the maternity ward hours of the morning, a drunk Arriving home earlier than asked a young medical student usual, he found his wife in the noticed a sign which read, "Ring why he was so enthusiastic about the bell for the caretaker." He arms of his friend. obstetrics. He replied sheepish- " I love your wife," said the did just that, and a sleepyeyed ly: "Well when I was on medical man came to the door. friend, "and she loves me: I'll rotation, I suffered from heart play you a hand of bridge for her. "What do you want?" asked attacks, asthma, and itch. In sur- the man. If I win, you divorce her, and if gery, I was sure I had ulcers. you win I promise never to see "I wanna know why you can't In the psychiatric wards I was ring the damn bell yourself." her again. Will you play?" sure I was losing my mind. "Okay by m e , " said the hus- Now, in obstetrics, I can r e l a x . " band, "But how's about a penny The human brain is wonderful. It starts working when you get a point to make it interesting? The scene was in the Univer- up in the morning and doesn't sity library. stop until you get called on in A young fraternity man was A drunk was doing his best to class. reading birth and death statis- spear an olive with a toothpick. Heard from a University in- tics. He turned to the cute co-ed Time after time the olive eluded structor at Penn. State: "There sitting next to him and said, "Do him. Finally a man nearby be- are three reasons why a girl you know that e v e r y time I came annoyed, took a toothpick wears sweaters — the first is to breathe, a man dies?" and said, "This is the way to do keep warm and the other two are "Very interesting," r e p l i e d i t , " and speared the olive on the obvious. the co-ed. "Why don't you try first try. Sen-Sen?" "Sure, s u r e , " r e p l i e d the Two goldfish in a bowl looked drunk, "after I got him so tired at each other and one said: "Well, Nothing gives you that run down he couldn't get away." if he isn't God, then who feeds feeling like being hit by a truck. us?" "What did the professor say The lady riding upon the train this morning?" A doctor, a computer program- was a m u s i n g herself with a "Nothing." mer and a lawyer were talking. crossword puzzle. The train was "My profession is the great- crowded. One word she simply "Of course. But how did he est," said the doctor, "because couldn't make out so she turned express it this time?" Jehovah took a rib out of Adam to the man beside her. " I won- The farmer gave his prospec- to give to Eve and that was the der," she asked, "if you could tive purchase a thorough going first operation." help me with this puzzle?" over from head to foot, poking The programmer said his pro- "I might," he replied, "what and pinching the animal very fession was the greatest since he is it?" carefully. "You see, son, " he had made order out of chaos. "Well," the lady said, "All explained, "When you buy a cow But the lawyer replied: "Aha, I know is it's a four-letter word you want to be sure it's a sound but who made the chaos?" ending in the letters ITand it one. says that it is found in the bot- A w e e k later the boy ran tom of a bird cage and that breathlessly up to the farmer and "Just one more kiss, darling." Churchill's full of it." reported, "Better come quick, "On an empty stomach?" "Hmmm, that must be g r i t . " Mr. A b e r n a t h y . A traveling "Of course not, right where "So it i s , " exclaimed the lady. the last one was." "Do you have a pencil with an salesman pulled up behind the eraser?" barn and it looks like he s try- ing to buy your daughter. THE ADVERTISER'S INDEX Advertiser Page Advertiser Page ALLISON DIV. OF GENERAL MOTORS 40 LING-TEMCO-VOUGHT 30 ASPHALT INSTITUTE 39 MALLEABLE FOUNDERS 2 BETHLEHEM STEEL 4 MONSANTO 11 CUTLER-HAMMER 6-7 OLIN MATHIESON 14 DELCO RADIO 12 PRATT AND WHITNEY AIRCRAFT 20-21 DROP FORGING ASSOCIATION 35 STANDARD CIL 3 DU PONT 31 SYLVANIA 37 FORD MOTOR CO 10 UNION CARBIDE 1 GARRETT CORP 27 U. S. AIR FORCE 13 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO Back Cover WESTERN ELECTRIC 23 K0DAX Inside Back Cover WESTINGHOUSE Inside Front Cover engineers find additional means of improving perform- ance and reliability. In addition to leadership in the turboprop area Allison also is making great strides in the development • For L. D. Shotts, the move from the University of of nuclear energy conversion projects, including a com- Illinois was a natural. L. D. had learned of the work pact, mobile nuclear reactor and an energydepotcon- Allison is doing in advanced turbine engine develop- cept which will permit manufacturing of fuel"onthe ment. Particularly, he was impressed with Allison's as- spot" for military field units. signment to develop the T78 regenerative turboprop Well-qualified, young engineers will find unlimited engine. opportunities in the long-range, diversifiedenergycon- The T78—selected by the Navy for anti-submarine version programs at Allison. Talk to our representative aircraft—utilizes turbine exhaust heat to raise the tem- when he visits your campus. Let him tellyouwhatit's perature of compressor discharge air, resulting in in- like in the creative environment at AllisonwhereEn- creased fuel economy for extended long-range and on station aircraft capability. ergy Conversion Is Our Business. Air-cooled turbine blades, another Allison achieve- ment, mark a significant advance in turbine engine state of the art. And, the workhorse of turboprops, the Allison T56, continues to set new standards as our WE MAKE INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERS SWEAT MightasW e l 1 scare off the ones who wouldn't like it. ness against film emulsion defects. If he saw the need, sold his Some of the unscared will in a few years be referred to asboss on his approach, and has earned the approbation alike "they" when People say, "At Eastman Kodak, they can of the pretty psychologist who will be running the experi- affordtodo it this way-" ment, the industrial physicians (who study what is humanly The reason we can afford t 0 d o things the best way is possible, feasible, and healthful muscularly and percep- thatwearesucceeful.T h e success can be attributed in part tually), the cold-eyed man from the comptroller's office, the toafearworthfearing:offailingto deliver the best possible Testing Division chief (who has dedicated his division to the descent of an asymptote), and the inspectors (who will performance that the customer's hard-won dollar can buy. find a month after switching to the new method that at Sheer d e v o t i o n °n the part of the work force, though home they are shouting at their kids less often)—then we beautifultosee,willnotofitselfdeliver the goods. Some- know ways to make him glad he chose to learn the profes- boday must first come up with a sensible answer t 0 t h e sion of industrial engineering at the company which the question,"Exactlywhatis it you want me to do, mister?" leaders of the profession often cite as its ideal home. Thus a young i n d u s t r i a l engineer may find himself acting Naturally, industrial engineers aren't the only technical ashisownfirsts u b j e c t i n a s t u d y h e h a ss e t U P t o find t h e people we seek. Not by a long shot. physicaland Psychological conditions that best favor alert- Define Your Career Objectives! offers a great deal more opportunity would you like to attain? What is the for your talent than another. They all scope of opportunity of the firm need top creative engineering skill you'll select? Should you trade off and the ability to deal successfully starting salary against long-term with people. potential? These are things you must decide for yourself. Q. After I've evaluated my own abil- ities, how do I judge realistically Q. Can companies like General Elec- what I can do with them? tric assure me of a correct career A. I'm sure you're already getting choice? all the information you can on ca- A. It costs industry a great deal of reer fields related to your discipline. money to hire a young engineer and Don't overlook your family, friends start him on a career path. So, very and acquaintances, especially re- selfishly, we'll be doing everything cent graduates, as sources of informa- Q. Mr. Hill, when is the best time to possible to be sure at the beginning tion. Have you made full use of your begin making decisions on my career that the choice is right for you. But faculty and placement office for objectives? a bad mistake can cost you even advice? Information is available in more in lost time and income. Gen- A. When you selected a technical the technical journals and society eral Electric's concept of Person- discipline, you made one of your publications. Read them to see what alized Career Planning is to recog- important career decisions. This de- firms are contributing to advance- nize that your decisions will be fined the general area in which you ment in your field, and how. Review largely determined by your individ- will probably begin your professional the files in your placement office ual abilities, inclinations, and am- work, whether in a job or through for company literature. This can tell bitions. This Company's unusual di- further study at the graduate level. you a great deal about openings and versity offers you great flexibility programs, career areas and company in deciding where you want to start, organization. how you want to start and what you Q. Can you suggest some factors that want to accomplish. You will be en- might influence my career choice? couraged to develop to the fullest Q. Can you suggest what criteria I extent of your capability—to achieve A. By the time you have reached can apply in relating this information your senior year in college, you know your career objectives, or revise to my own career prospects? certain things about yourself that them as your abilities are more fully are going to be important. If you A. In appraising opportunities, apply revealed to you. Make sure you set have a strong technical orientation criteria important to you. Is location your goals realistically. But be sure and like problem solving, there are important? What level of income you don't set your sights too low. many good engineering career choices in all functions of industry: design and development; manufac- turing and technical marketing. If you enjoy exploring theoretical con- cepts, perhaps research—on one of the many levels to be found in in- dustry—is a career choice to con- sider. And don't think any one area