How will the stars get to the top at CBS? On 16 new Westinghouse elevators. The world's brainiest elevators are going They don't believe in keeping you waiting Westinghouse Mark IV elevators get to into the new CBS Headquarters building for needless trips to top or bottom. They'd you 30% sooner than the most efficient in New York. They're Westinghouse Se- rather wait for you somewhere in-between. elevators ever could before. That's why lectomatic Mark IV's. When you ring, an electronic brain sends they're the quickest way to the top at CBS They "think" their way to your floor. them instantly to your floor. —and 163 other buildings across America. but we want Tau Beta Pi types or equivalent! Of course, every employer WANTS the cream of dynamics tanks, Mach 20 shock tunnels, 10-million the crop, but the point is: w e can get them! Not volt x-ray equipment, lBM-7()'M)'s and nil the other necause of money or blue sky Promises or "Extra" material benefits don't make a research laboratory. benefits, but because the Naval ordnance Laboratory offers the best opportunity for vital research work It's the pervading intellectual atmosphere . . . the in a near academic environment. (Some graduate freedom to think and create . . . the encouragement degree courses are actually held here at NOL, and to better oneself that sets NOL apart. For instance, this is prime ground for PhD theses, as you may we want engineers (and engineering-oriented physi- know.) Fact is, some 40% of those graduates we hired cists) who are willing to push an idea from original last year ivere Tau Beta p members, so you can under- design straight through to prototype testing out at— stand our obvious pride. or beneath—the sea. We want people who are inter- ested in our excellent advance-degree program, and The Naval Ordnance laboratory takes the lead in in associating with recognized authorities on a the research, dedsign development, and test of all day-to-day basis. We want people who will take kinds of weapons systems and devices . . . ranging advantage of what the Washington area has to from the smallest arming circuit to a complete offer—people who live the full life. underwater-to-air-to-underwater nuclear missile sys- tem. (Not only was the SUBROC missile itself con- If this appeals to you—whether you are Tau Beta Pi ceived and developed at NOL, but also its long-range material, or even a guy with unfulfilled genius—drop sonar detection system and its digital computer by your College Placement Office to arrange an fire control system.) interview with an NOL representative. Or, write The NOL campus includes over 100 buildings on 900 direct to Mr. L. acres of suburban countryside just outside Wash- E. Probst, Pro- ington. The annual budget for in-house research aver- fessional Recruit- ages some $30 MILLION, and our facilities are the ment Division, with your speci- finest in the world. But hypersonic wind tunnels, fic questions. Pressurized ballistic ranges, 2,000,000 gallon hydro- They're on the job for Olin. Want to join them? science, liberal arts, business administration-you Take the masked man on the left, for instance. name it. He's actually a pharmacologist on the job in one And we are definitely offering you a chance to of our Squibb Division labs, testing out some pun- train and work with some of the sharpest people in gent material behind a sniff-proof mask. Take a job with us doing biochemical research and you'll your field (native scouts and target lions notwith- join him. You might even be him; behind those standing). You will pick up right where you leave masks, who can tell? off at graduation and, with crack specialists, start probing the intricacies of your special area. Most The man in the middle? He's Nai Charden, a important, you will learn by doing. (At Olin, a guy loyal, worthy and trusty fertilizer tester for our is always learning because he is always doing, International Division. He works in the rice pad- always looking for new ways to do new things. dies around Nongkam (Thailand), helping Olin Which is one way of saying there's no end of op- men check out the effectiveness of various grades of Ammo-Phos® fertilizer. portunity at Olin.) Interesting people are on the job for Olin, all over And then there's Casper. (One of our Winches- the world. And they're doing interesting things. ter boys gave him the name during the last 20 Want to join them? seconds of his [Casper's] life.) Casper is (was) There's no hedge on this score; no gimmick. on the job for Olin, too, although he wasn't actually on the payroll. Unwittingly, he helped an Olin team either. in darkest Africa to test out the new line of sporting In fact, all you have to do is get in touch with arms from our Winchester-Western Division. Mr. M. H. Jacoby (he's our College Relations Officer) at Olin, 460 Park Avenue, New York, N.Y. Sounds interesting? 1002 2. He'll answer any questions you might have, Well, there's a hedge, of course. and if he can't answer them he'll send you to the We can't promise, for example, that the minute fellow who can. And if you've got a healthy curi- you're off campus you'll be on safari. And we're not saying you'll walk out of your dorms and into osity (and what graduate worth his salt hasn't? the jungle. you'll find that's just the beginning. What we are offering is a unique chance to pick Start out talking to Mr. Jacoby and there's no your career out of an incredibly wide spectrum telling where you'll wind up. (You may have shoul- of opportunities in specialized fields: engineering, dered a .22, but we'll give odds you've never wielded a machete.) FEATURES FRED GEORGE editor A GUIDE TO EMPLOYMENT 18 PHIL FRANK artist WATER RECOVERY IN THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT ...22 staff JOE BOWMAN NEWS IN SCREWS 26 ANDREW POOLE SPOTLIGHT ON INDUSTRY 34 RICHARD MURRAY DEE GOSSETT HISTORY OF THE CALENDAR 46 SUSAN GOODSELL BRIAN GOLUSKA A LETTER HOME 52 GARY ROMANS MARIAN LOCKE DEPARTMENTS EDITORIAL 6 advisors J. RYDER PLACEMENT BUREAU 10 C.MENSENDICK INDUSTRIAL NEWS 40 T.FARRELL 4 BRAIN SPRAINERS 3 5 ENGRINEERS * INDEX TO ADVERTISERS 55 The small white rectangle above rep- resents the approximate size of space storage; access and reproduction of application in computer development required to contain one page of news- voluminous data. The process of and add to the total effort of the paper-size document reduced for stor- Micro-Encapsulation has applications company. The NCR effort is concen- age through NCR's PHOTOCHROMIC cutting across many fields of interest trated on the total systems concept. MICRO-IMAGE process. The small including paper coatings (such as on To determine whether your career white dot on the right shows the area our Carbonless Transfer paper), food, plans fit in with our research and de- that would hold thousands of micro- Pharmaceuticals, adhesives, etc. velopment plans, merely drop us a capsules (cell-like structures con- Our Research and Development note with a brief description of your taining useful materials) produced programs are not limited to the fields interests and scientific background. through NCR's amazing chemical proc- of Photochromies and Micro-Encap- Applications at all professional levels ess of MICRO-ENCAPSULATION. sulation. Rather, the programs ex- will be considered. Write to: T. F. One apparent application of the tend into many disciplines including Wade, Technical Placement, The NCR Photochromic Microimage proc- physical and chemical research in the National Cash Register Company. ess is that it permits easy and efficient areas of semi-conductor materials Main & K Streets, Dayton 9, Ohio. and devices that will have practical INBOARD WITH AN OUTDRIVE. This new Chrysler-Dana Drive 90 offers boating You can buffs big power in a small space. Dock your boat at home? The outdrive tilts up 55° for easy trailering. Timken bearings keep the prop and drive shafts rigid as a Marine. have a lot of SEATS IN MOTION. New York's new Shea Stadium stands move to accommodate 10,000 fans in two blocks of 5,000 seats. They roll on Timken bearings from the funonTimken first and third baseball foul lines to the football sidelines. NO PLAY FOR BEARINGS. Timken bearings work hard to make your world more Bearings leisurely. They're made of nickel-rich steel for long life—even when loads and conditions become unsportsmanlike. FORE? NO, THREE. Three wheels for the golfer who'd rather swing than walk. This new Cushman Golfster is a smart way to cover the links. Eight Timken bearings were chosen for the drive, axle and wheel applications. They're precision-made and case-hardened to take shock loads. The Timken Roller Bearing Company, Canton, Ohio. Also makers of Fine Alloy Steel and Rock Bits. Faith of the Engineer I AM AN ENGINEER. In my profession I take deep pride, but without vainglory; to it I owe solemn obligations that I am eager to fulfill. As an Engineer, 1 will participate in none but honest enterprise. To him that has engaged my services, as employer or client, I will give the utmost of performance and fidelity. When needed, my skill and knowledge shall be given without reser- vation for the public good. From special capacity springs the obligation to use it well in the service of humanity; and I accept the challenge that this implies. Jealous of the high repute of my calling, I will strive to protect the interests and the good name of any engineer that 1 know to be de- serving; but 1 will not shrink, should duty dictate, from disclosing the truth regarding anyone that, by unscrupulous act, has shown himself unworthy of the profession. Since the Age of Stone, human progress has been conditioned by the genius of my professional forbears. By them have been rendered usable to mankind Nature's vast resources of material and energy. By them have been vitalized and turned to practical account the principles of science and the revelations of technology. Except for this heritage of accumulated experience, my efforts would be feeble. I dedicate my self to the dissemination of engineering knowledge, and, especially, to the instruction of younger member of my profession in all its arts and traditions. To my fellows I pledge, in the same full measure I ask of them, integrity and fair dealing, tolerance and respect, and devotion to the standards and the dignity of our profession; with the consciousness, always, that our special expertness carries with it the obligation to serve humanity with complete sincerity. Another of your future's many facets at Monsanto With a company growing as fast as Monsanto (annual sales quadrupled to a hefty $1.2 billion in little more than a decade), design of new plants, equipment and systems has never been so important. Engineers are needed to apply their skills and knowledge . . . in known and unknown areas . . . to help us manufacture the newandimprovedand improved products that move Monsanto ahead-500 new products in the last 10 years. We can show you what this means in terms of increased professional opportunity • • • how Monsanto's continuing expansion affords more and interesting growing room for you. See your Placement Director to arrrange for an interview when we visit your campus soon. Or write today for our brochure, "Your Future and Monsanto,toManager, Professional Recruiting, Dept. CM 64, monsanto, St. Louis, Missouri 63166. Painting. Architecture. Engineering. Re- search. Leonardo da Vinci's genius was apparent in all these fields—and more. But variety of career interests and the tough problems that go with each are not restrict- ed to the 15th century. • . . | Today IBM seeks individuals with widely diverse interests to solve the many prob- lems of designing,building and marketing computers. Our literature describes in de- tail the challenging careers open at IB.M — and the various advanced education programs designed particularly for you. See your college placement officer for infor- mation and an appointment with the IBM interviewers. Or write directly to Managerof College Relations, Dept. 915, I B M . Cor- porate Headquarters, Armonk, N.Y. 10504. IBM is an Equal Opportunity Employer PLACEMENT BUREAU January 25 February 2 North American Aviation Cummings Engine Co. Control Data Corp. Radio Corp. of America January 26 General Telephone and Electric Laboratories February 3 co Steel Products Corp. American Oil Co. Swift & Co. General Electric Department of the Navy National Steel Corp. Dow Chemical Corp. January 27 Union Carbide, Linde Company Cooper Tire & Rubber February 4 Owens-Illinois Columbia Gas of Ohio Detroit Edison National Bureau of Standards Ford Motor Company of Canada American Oil Company Anchor Hocking Glass Michigan Consolidated Gas Cadillac Gage Company DeSoto Chemical Coatings February 5 Square D Company Jones & Laughlin January 28 W. R. Grace & Co. Industrial Nucleonics Allied Chemicals Corp. February 8 American Cyanamid Bureau of Public Roads, Lansing American Motors Upjohn Company Devoe & Raynolds McCord Corp. Hercules Powder Co. City of Detroit January 29 The Budd Company Eaton Manufacturing Co. The Glidden Co. Eli Lilly & Co. General Electric Lockheed Missiles & Space February 1 Minnesota Mining Air Reduction Co. Waterway Experiment Station Economics Laboratory February 9 Inland Container Corp. Rockwell Standard Corp. Crown Zellerback Corp. U. S. Steel Corp. Lear Siegler Inc. Shell Companies American Air Filter Automatic Electric Co. General Motors Corp. Corning Glass Works Hewlett-Packard February 10 February 19 Dow Corning Corp. Connoll Aeronautical Labs. General Foods KVP Sutherland Paper Co. Airborne Instruments Motorola Inc. Philco Corp. Sherwin-Williams Rex Chain Belt Amphenol Borg Electronics International Harvester February 22 Standard Oil U. S. Naval Civil Engineers Stanley Works U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Patent Office Ford Motor Co. February 11 General Mills Inc. Inst. of Science & Technology National Castings Ail-Steel Equipment Diamond Alkali The Mead Corp. Nalco Chemical Co. February 23 Trane Co. Brunswick Corp. Lockheed Aircraft Udylite Corp. Cleveland Electric Illuminating Martin Co. February 12 Midland-Ross Corp. February 24 Inland Steel Corp. Ford Motor Co. Chesapeake & Ohio Railway U. S. Rubber Co. Chevrolet - Flint Mfg. February 15 Texaco Co. Fisher-Governor Standard Oil Co. Standard Oil of Calif. Sundstrand Corp. Caterpillar Tractor Bausch & Lom be Inc. General Dynamics February 25 Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co, February 16 Allis - Chalmers Mfg. Alcoa Magnavox Atlas Chemical Industries Owens Corning Fiberglas B. F. Goodrich Co. February 17 Chrysler Corp. February 26 Honeywell Olin California State Per. Board Pittsburg Plate Glass Parker-Hannlfin Scott Paper Co. Radiation Inc. Aeronautical Systems Div. Litton Systems February 18 March 1 Sperry - Phoenix Co. Babcock & Wilcox Continental Can Co. Walker Manufacturing Kaiser Aluminum International Milling Co. What's going on up there? Ask us. Our space boosters have launched every successful n o n - military communications or weather satellite. Our Saturn S-l VB will power 3 Apollo astronauts from earth orbit to moon orbit. DC-8s haveflown more than a billion miles. DC-9s will double the places you can go by jet. Which all adds up to the fact that Douglas can just about double your chances for rapid career advancement, because projects coming up are even bigger than those mentioned. Also, univer- sities o f f e r i n g evening c o u r s e s toward advanced degrees are close by. And Douglas has a fine scholar- ship program. Let's get together. We are an equal opportunity employer. What kind of company and talk to our representative when he's on campus. For does it take to make significant more information write Dr. A. C. Canfield, The Bendix contributions in all these fields? A company like Bendix Corporation, Fisher Building, Detroit, Michigan 48202. with a proven record of research and production accom- plishments in the space, missile, aviation, electronics, Bendix operates 28 divisions and 8 subsidiaries in the automotive, oceanics and automation fields. United States, and 22 subsidiaries and affiliates in Canada If you enjoy the challenge of advanced engineering problems, examine our materials in your placement office, overseas. and This page is for YOU Letters sent to the Editor containing comment, suggestion, or criticism, will be printed on this page. Address letters to.. SPARTAN ENGINEER 144 Engineering Bldg. East Lansing, Mich. Defense Engineering at RCA is introduced through a low-pass filter and interference which plagues conventional com- Current-Pumped Abrupt drives the diodes in the push-pull, parallel munication systems, and is so efficient that three nickel cadmium batteries (fhc si« of Junction Varactor mode. The resultant idler is generated in a standard flashlight cells) can provide hours of TEM mode, with the conductors acting as a Power-Frequency Converters continuous operation. quarter-wave coaxial tuning assembly. The output may be removed using a current probe, Reference—#/. //. Nelson. J. I. Pankove, F. Huwryln. The varactor diode has become well k n o w n coupled to the idler center conductor at the C. C. Dousmanis, C. W. Reno, "High I Ih, trm t as an excellent device for low-noise amplifica- proper impedance tap. The output cavity may Injection Laser at Room Temperature," PTIK. IF.F.F. tion. Recently, however, t h e varactor diode be tuned by varying the position of the rear (correspondence), Vol. 52, No. II. p. 1360, Nor., has been used in high-level frequency c o n - shorting wall (A-A), using sliding finger con- 1964. #2. D. Karlsons, C. W. Reno. W. J. R a M f t verters as both a means of obtaining large tacts. With this approach, power levels of "Room Temperature GaAs Laser yoke Communica- amounts of power, tunable over wide b a n d - several watts have been handled with a con- tion System," Proc. IEEE (correspondence), Vol. 52, widths, and as a means of placing F M a n d P M version loss of 3db compared to power level No. 11, p. 1354, Nov., 1964. information on a C W source, such a s a of several milliwatts with lOdb conversion loss varactor multiplier. T h e high-level parametric for conventional resistive mixers. upconverter differs from a low-noise p a r a - 15 Megacycle Tape metric amplifier in t h e area of conversion Reference—Perlman, B. P., "Current-Pumped efficiency. Abrupt Junction Varactor Power-Frequency Con- Bandwidth Response verters," to be published March 1965, IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. RCA engineers have developed an advanced magnetic recording system with the highest bandwidth response reported to date. This achievement results from integrated efforts in Room Temperature GaAs all phases of magnetic recording, such as: Laser Communications air bearing design, high performance servos (50 kc response), precision mechanisms and Communications was among the first appli- magnetic head circuitry. cations considered after the invention of the This recent accomplishment is being used in laser. Practical realization of the goal was equipment with two 8 Me bandwidth channels delayed by the difficulties associated with designed for application in a precision radar inefficient energy conversion and inadequate system. In this design the heads arc rotated to modulation techniques. The discovery of the achieve 3200 inch-per-second head-to-tape semiconductor injection laser in 1962 greatly speed in a transverse scan mode. The unii uses reduced these difficulties, but introduced the a specialized form of a frequency modulated restriction of operation under cryogenic con- carrier system to achieve a response from 100 ditions. Gallium arsenide injection lasers cycles per second to 8 Me. The 3200 IPS head speed permits a wavelength of 0.32 mils at a 10 Me FM carrier. Head gap lengths of 90 x 1 0 s inches are employed to achieve FM response to 15 Me. One of the problems in t h e large signal solution for a varactor frequency converter is the infinite number of terms found when attempting to evaluate t h e Taylor expansion for charge as a function of voltage for an arbitrary varactor. If one reverses this a p p r o a c h , and finds the expansion for voltage as a Junction of charge, with a junction exponent, Y, of 1/2 (abrupt junction varactor), it is found that the series is finite and easily utilized t o nnd a more exact solution for t h e diode transfer impedance. promise energy conversion efficiencies of 20- Because of its inherent symmetry, a push- 30%, while modulation of the optical signal pull application of the diodes provides a large can be accomplished simply by modulating degree of signal isolation, as well as an in- the injection current. Early in 1964, the cryo- crease in allowable input power. This type In order to effect a high reproduction ac- genic restriction was eliminated when efforts of curacy for radar use, five servomechanisms are of ciruit Provides a n output at the upper RCA scientists proved successful in discovering sideband frequency which may be isolated employed to insure stability of tape and head a type of gallium arsenide diode which ex- motion. The most interesting of these is a from the Pump circuit, by diode balance, hibited laser action at room temperature with without the need for lossy filters. Tunability pure electronic servo employing the principle threshold currents much lower han those of variable delay to remove time displacement is readily attained using the a p p r o p r i a t e im- previously reported. This discovery permitted pedance matching networks without the added errors from the signal. This system employs a the engineering of a room temperature com- 25 to 1 loop gain at a bandwidth of 50 kc. complications associated with low-loss tunable munications link and in May, 1964, such a filters. A low-pass filter is necessary in the This closed-loop system achieves a time-base communications link was demonstrated for accuracy of ±10 nanoseconds. The rms value signal port to prevent the p u m p power from the first time. The system employs pulse fre- being dissipated in the signal circuit. of this error is less than 5 nanoseconds, quency modulation at a 20 kc repetition rate, equivalent to less than 5 feet of radar range has a bandwidth of 5 kc, and can operate in error, a new standard of excellence for radar A simplified representation of a circuit using bright sunlight. Ranges up to three miles have only coaxial networks, is shown in the figure. recording accuracy. been obtained while operating within the atmos- This particular circuit uses what might be referred to as a section of coaxial-coax. phere. Using parallel diodes, a much greater . The range is feasible. The narrow linewidth of 20 diodes are pumped in series by means of a angstroms permits the use of narrow band balanced transmission line, which m a y be optical filters thereby reducing background designed using the techniques available for noise. The system is free of radio frequency constructing "balun transformers." The signal Why become an engineer at Garrett-AiResearch? You'll have to work harder and use more of your knowledge than engineers at most other companies. If you're our kind of engineer, actual hardware. you have some very definite ideas about your career. That means you have the oppor- For example: tunity to start with You've worked hard to get a a customer's problem good education. Now you want to put it to work in the best way and see it through to a possible. system that will get the job done. The product lines at AiResearch, You will never be satisfied with Los Angeles Division, are environ- can carry you. You can make as run-of-the-mill assignments. You demand exciting, mental systems, flight information much money as any engineer in a challenging projects. and controls sys- comparable spot - anywhere. And You not only accept terns, heat transfer of course, at AiResearch, you'll individual rcsponsibil- get all the plus benefits a top com- ity -- you insist upon it. pany offers. systems for missiles Our engineering staff is smaller Does that sound like you? Then AiResearch than comparable companies. This is your cup of tea. spells opportunity. It gives a man Our business is specialized indus- who wants to make a mark plenty mainly in sophisticated aerospace trial systems. of elbow room to expand. And systems and subsystems. In the Phoenix Division there are while he's doing it he's working Here, research, design, and de- gas turbines for propulsion and with, and learning from, some o velopment lead to production of secondary power, valves and con- the real pros in the field. trol systems, air turbine starters If the AiResearch story sounds and motors, solar and nuclear like opportunity speaking to you- power systems. don't fail to contact AiResearch, In each category AiResearch Los Angeles, or Phoenix, or see our employs three kinds of engineers. representative when he comes to Preliminary design engineers do your campus. the analytical and theoretical work, then write proposals. Design engineers do the lay- outs; turn an idea into a product. Developmental engineers are responsible for making hardware out of concepts. Whichever field fits you best, we can guarantee you this: you can go as far and fast as your talents You never stop growing at DuPont Growth is a 160-year habit with us. Take sales. Since 1937 they've increased 750%-to $2.4 billion in 1962. We spend more than $90 million a year in R&D. In fact, there are at least 200 new products under investigation at this writing and more being developed each day. What could Du Pont's growth mean to you? Since we always fill important positions from within, it could mean fast advance- ment, new responsibilities, new horizons-growing financial and creative satisfaction. |t could mean, too, more numerous and more varied oppor- tunities. The new Du Pont engineer is likely to move from his original assignment to one or two others in the course of his first five years. This gives him a chance to "change jobs" right inside Du Pont. In 1963, more than 700 new B.S graduates planted their feetatDuPont. Perhaps you'd like to join us, too. Write today. GUIDE TO EMPLOYMENT Sooner or later, nearly all of us amine the company brochures will be leaving school to find our The importance of finding the places in the employment world. right job for a student cannot and procedures to decide upon This change may be facilitated be overemphasized. Mr. Shingle- those which most interest him. by the intelligent use of an im- ton continues, "Choosing a ca- After this preliminary choos- portant university service, the reer is one of the most important ing, he should regularly check Placement Bureau. decisions a student can make. the weekly Placement Bureau We make an effort to provide him Bulletin, or "yellow sheet, The MSU Flacement Bureau is with all the options to make a good see when the representative to often considered the best in the and sound decision. Because of the chosen organization will be nation, providing opportunities the services offered by the Place- on the campus. The next step, for undergraduate and graduate ment Bureau, Michigan State stu- logically enough, is to sign up students in both permanent and dents have a far greater range for an interview at a convenient temporary employment. A staff of opportunities than they would time, two days to a week in ad- of six qualified men provide vo- otherwise. vance. cational information to students "It is important that a student Then, the Bureau library be- upon request. There is also a get not only a job upon gradua- comes a reference to give the brochure library with material tion, but that he get the best student the basic facts about the on over two thousand employ- job available to him. Too many organization and to enable an in- ers having pertinent opportu- students settle on the first job telligent exchange withthein- nities for MSU students. that 'comes down the pike,' and terviewer. Preparation (or lack do not end up with the job that of it) for an interview will un- What is the objective of an or- best suits their interests and doubtedly have an effect on the ganization of this nature? In the qualifications." outcome. words of Bureau director Jack "Shingleton, "The purpose of the A typically MSU quality of the What are the steps following Placement Bureau is to assist Placement Bureau is its size. the interview? Generally, a stu- students in their effort to get D u r i n g the 1963-64 academic dent who has favorably impressed employment upon graduation. We year, a total of 13,113 job in- his interviewer will be invited feel that after a student has spent terviews, with representatives to acquaint himself more fully at least sixteen years in acquir- from 1,342 different employers, with the organizationthrougha ing an education he should get were held through Bureau fa- visit to the company. Needless the best possible employment for cilities. Engineering students ac- to say, this is a two-way ac- his qualifications. This is in the counted for 2,524 of the total. best interest of the student, the quaintance p r o c e s s . Following faculty, the university, and the this may come an offerofem- nation." How does one go about utiliz- ployment with the firm. ing this service, and finding that 'best job"? A student should ex- CONTINUED FROM PAGE 18 The twenty-minute interview look at the company and an idea for which they are qualified. at the MSU Placement B u r e a u of what it is like to work in Part-time employment serv- may well determine the course such an organization or indus- ices during the academic year of a student's working life; it try. The summer employment are open to all students. Positions is not to be lightly considered. service is essentially a begin- made available through the Bu ning; after an application is sub- reau are reserved for MSU stu- Engineering students will find mitted, the student corresponds dents, but may be either on a surplus of opportunity in their directly with the firm. campus or off-campus opportuni- fields. As an example, there ties. were more than 456 specific Last year, nearly five thou- company requests for graduat- sand students were interviewed MSU alumni who wish to change ing mechanical engineers during for summer positions. The Col- their employment are eligible for the 1963-64 a c a d e m i c year. lege of Engineering had repre- P l a c e m e n t Bureau assistance. Prospects in the other depart- sentatives in all types of work. Last year approximately a thou- ments are also very favorable. Returning recruiters b r o u g h t sand alumni were aided in making favorable c o m m e n t s on their job chnages. Average starting salaries for summer assistants, as did the BS holders were over $600 per An often-helpful publica month, with Electrical Engi- majority of the returning stu- neers leading the group at $633. dents. The college Placement A Those with Master's degrees av- Engineering students in their eraged $100-150 higher. junior and senior years of study is available for use by st who plan to return to school may and is distributed by the Place- In addition to permanent po- be assisted in finding positions ment Bureau free of c h a r g e , sitions, summer employment in which utilize their knowledge dents Michigan State offersitsstu- a student's field is h a n d l e d through Mr. Rand's office Ap- excellent opportunities for through the office of Mr. Thomas plications submitted through the locating t h e employment they Rand. The aim is to provide various departments to Mr. desire. The student who under- meaningful temporary employ- Rand's office will enable students stands and makesgooduseofthe ment giving the student a good to be considered only for those Placement Bureau is at a distinct positions of interest to them and advantage in his attempt to select a m e a n i n g f u l , satisfying, and worthwhile career. Physics, we invite you to inquire about the opportunities at any of Sure,everybody'sgot a career program. But we think you'll find our three locations. AC in MILWAUKEE—our main research, develop- ours a little more stimulating, more rewarding, and at least in- ment and manufacturing facility. AC in BOSTON—our Research and triguing enough to spend the next minute or so reading about it. Development Laboratory specializing in advanced inertial compo- We call it our "Career Acceleration Program." In it, you'll work on nents; spacecraft and avionics guidance/navigation systems. AC in such advanced Projects as an avionics system for supersonic aircraft, LOS ANGELES—our Research and Development Laboratory special- a guidance/navigation system for the Apollo Command Module and izing in advanced airborne computers; ballistic missile and space LEM, and a newguidance system for theTitan 111 space launch vehicle. booster guidance/navigation systems. For further information, see your college placement office regarding a Sevenhoursa day you'll work on a specific project. You'll spend one General Motors/AC on-campus interview, hour each day in formal class work. These classes include courses in or write directly to Mr. G. F. Raasch, Inertial instruments, Inertial Guidance, Digital Computers, Advanced Director of Scientific and Professional Transistors, Advanced Servomechanisms, Integrated Circuits, Space Employment, Dept. =5753, General Motors Mechanics, plus other mathematics and undergraduate disciplines as required. Corporation, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201. PhDs, please note: Positions are available We also have a Tuition Refund Plan that pays all of your tuition costs in all three AC locations for PhDs, depend- upon satisfactorily completing college-level courses of study under- ing on concentration of study and area taken voluntarily. Our "in-plant" evening educational program of interest. You are invited to contact offers additional opportunities for technical improvement. Mr. Raasch for additional information. If you are completing your BS or MS degree in EE, ME, Math or Wafer Recovery In The Space Environment EDITOR'S NOTE: This is part two of a paper prepared as part of the program of an Engineering Undergraduate Re search Assistantship during 1963-64. and supervised by Carl W. Hall, Department of Agricultural Engineering. Part one was printed in the November issue. FREEZING from liquids is that of reiterative liquids from gases used in dis- S e v e r a l processes involv- freezing. In 1962, scientists of the tillation processes. The Min- ing freezing hold promise for Minneapolis - Honeywell Regu- neapolis-Honeywell researchers water purification in space. The lator Company experimented with found that the process did not simplest is that of freeze crys- s e v e r a l such techniques. The remove bacteria, however, and tallization, in which, either by simplest was that of filling a cyl- further filtration, exposure to conventional refrigeration or by inder with liquid to be purified ultra - violet radiation, or ster- "flashing off" some of the water and slowly immersing the cylin- present as vapor, impure liquid is ilization was necessary before cooled until small ice crystals der in a freezing bath, while a the w a18t e r p r o d u c e d was form. The crystals are filtered stirrer agitated the liquid-solid potable. out, washed and melted; they are i n t e r f a c e . Impurities slowly Some work has been done on tne most easily removed if they are moved to the last section frozen; use of sublimation to purify urine. made to form on a refrigeration this part was discarded and the The urine is first frozen and tne coil inserted in the liquid. Freeze rest of the frozen block was ice is sublimed under very low crystallization has been used on a melted and retreated. p r e s s u r e , resulting in the re- large scale on sea water. It is an Fifteen such repetitions pro- moval of only water as vapor. attractive process for space be- duced a 70% yield of drinkable Because of the low pressure ana cause it is easily performed with- water. A reiterative freeze puri- t e m p e r a t u r e requirements out gravity and all the required fication process may be more ef- (water will not sublime above 20 cold is f r e e l y obtained from fective under zero-gravity con- degrees F), this process requires space. It has one major disad- ditions than the separation of CONTINUED ON PAGE 24 vantage: once the crystal has formed, ionic impurities are in- corporated on its surface as it grows. Therefore, there is an optimum crystal size, and crys- tals which are screened out must be thoroughly washed with pure w a t e r before being m e l t e d . Freeze crystallization products probably could be made more pure by continuous counter-cur- rent washing of the ice particles while forming. If t h i s is done, crystals can be seeded and al- lowed to grow larger, facilitat- ing their removal and handling. Especially on a larger scale, this may prove to be a very val- uable process. A second process using freez- ing for the removal of impurities Don't miss the boat! The boat is the Navy's Hydroskimmer, powered by four 1100-horsepower gas turbines built by the Solar Division of International Harvester. More significantly, the skimmer is a symbol of new opportunities at IH the company that is also developing gas turbine power for tractors and trucks-the company that is already number one in heavy-duty trucks, farm tractors and equipment-that is building new plants on six continents to serve customers in 144 countries of the free world. We are also growing in construction equipment and steel production. Research and engineering expenditures are becoming one of our largest budget items. We need mechanical, electrical, chemical, metallurgical, agricultural, ceramic general engineers. Check your Placement Office now for a date to see an IH representative when he visits your campus. If interviews are scheduled, write directly to the Supervisor of College Relations, International Harvester Company, 180 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago 1, Ill. bulky equipment and large space tinuously lowered. As f r e e z e sodium chloride, collect in the radiators to reject the heat of purification systems are devel- "hot zone" around the heater condensation into space. About 16 oped further, they will probably and must be removed occasion- sq. ft. of space radiator per man- be comparable in weight to os- ally. This may be done by blowing day of operation must be built into m o t i c systems and somewhat air back against the normal now such a system. J. Sendroy and H. superior in power requirements of vapors through the heating A. Colllson performed trials of to both osmotic and distillation chamber and catalyst tubes, col- a freeze-sublimation process on systems.20 lecting salt dust in a filter nag urine, alternately pre - treating at one end of the chamber, con- the urine with activated carbon, trol of temperature in the burner post-treating it with carbon, and zone is critical to assure that am- not treating it at all. The liquid INCINERATION monia is oxidized to nitrogen gas recovered had a faint taste and and not to nitrogen monixiae. odor which was eliminated by A totally different system for passage through activated char- the purification of usable prod- coal, but otherwise was pure. ucts from human wastes of all When feces were added to the s o r t s has been presented by urine, the sublimed water had a Frank J. Hendel (Figure 5). In strong odor.19 this process, all human wastes are blended into a sludge by an agitator. The sludge and oxygen Freezing processes may come or compressed air are slowly into greater use as time pro- fed by a worm screw to an elec- gresses. The power required to tric heater, where the wastes are reduce the temperature of urine burned at about 850 degrees C. from 60 degrees F to 32 degrees Water is evaporated and all or- F where it freezes, is consider- ganic wastes are oxidized or va- ably less than the power required porized. The hot vapors are then to raise its temperatures from forced over a catalyst to insure 60 degrees F to the boiling point complete conversion to water, (the former is 400 kwh/1,000 c a r b o n dioxide, and nitrogen. gals., the latter, about 2,740 kwh/ When t h e vapors are cooled, 1,000 gals.). As water is frozen water condenses and is trans- out of the urine, of course, the ferred to a storage tank, and ni- concentration of ions increases trogen and carbon dioxide are and the temperature must be con- vented. Solid residues, mainly And a lot of imagination! Think working with a "one material" company would be pretty dull? Consider this... starting with sand, Coming's scientists and engineers have created more than 100,000 different glass formulas... more than 43,000 specialty glass products, They've developed micro-miniature electronic com- ponents, glass-ceramics for missile nose cones, glass so strong it can be bent and twisted, glass that darkens on exposuretolight,glass so rare it costs $500,000 a pound. Innovation is Corning's hallmark. 65% of our business is in products not available 15 years ago. Innovation, too, is the reason we've grown 81% in the past five years ('63 sales--more than $289 million). And the reason we'll continue to grow. Almost six cents of every sales dollar goesto research. Check other leading companies. Emphasis on R&D presents a constantly changing chal- lenge for our engineers. For you, it could also mean early responsibility, rapid advancement, the satisfaction that comes with discovering unique answers to unusual problems. Find out more about a career with Corning. We have challenging opportunities available for every type of technical graduate. Mark and mail our coupon today. NEWS IN SCREWS Yankee ingenuity is still doing it! The same society that produced the epitaxial silicon transistor, the laser, and the self-driving screwdrivr, has now come up with some modern fasteners to keep pace with the technical advances on all fronts. Combination Thread (Right and Left Hand) Pre-Bent Cotter Pins This new development is a boon to production. Bending cotter pins into the proper shape is a Now with this New Combination Thread, one can job which requires some dexterity and skill, and insert or remove the screw by turning the screw is time consuming. Installation of these new either right or left. No time is lost in stopping advanced Pre-Bent Cotter Pins can be done by to think. any unskilled person in practically no time at all. This saves considerable time. Threadless Wood Screws These new Threadless Wood Screws serve the same function as other old type wood screws. However, these new type wood screws do not require a fancy screwdriver to drive them. Any old hammer, rock, or brick will do the job. Screwballs A new first in the industry of fasteners. Every project or machine is not complete without at least one Screwball. Screwballs are available in assorted sizes and with different surface finishes. Some are coated with chrome and/or zinc and some are just plain screwballs. New Joining Screw Knothole Wood Screw This New Joining Screw takes the place of two The special Knothole Wood Screwwasdeveloped ordinary screws. This screw is particularly useful for use with knotty wood. With this special screw on butt joints and miter joints. When this screw one does not have to drill special pilotholesor is used 5 0 % of time and labor will be saved. make other special arrangements,Thiscrewre- duces failures and rejects. Cork Screws Countersunk Lock Washers These Countersunk Lock Washers come in 1" The public has for a long time demanded large outside dimension only. The inside dimension is quantities of Cork Screws. For years the fastener available in any size. These special purpose industry has had to supply Cork Screws made of washers come in assorted colors and are equipped steel. Now Cork Screws are available which are with a special cork compression pad. made of genuine cork. Self-Countersinking Wood Screws High Speed Bolts This new development in wood screws eliminates This new line of High Speed Bolts requires only any countersinking operations. The threads on the half the time to fasten because there are only head force the screw down into the surface just half the usual number of threads. This means as far as you want to go, even farther. that you can use twice as many bolts per unit area with no increase in labor costs. Square Deal Screws Right-Angle Screw for Hardtogetat Places These new Square Deal Screws are designed The problem of avoiding objects such as other especially for me with square holes. The wisdom screws or nails has been solved with the use of of using round pegs for round holes is apparent this new Right-Angle-Screw for Hard-to-ge.t-at However, up to this point there has been no Places. Also available is a Left-Angle Screw for solution to the problem of square holes. Hard to get at Places. Providing power for every environment... Being a technically trained man . . . we assume you are looking ahead to a career of exciting growth and accomplishment and that you are looking for a com- pany possessing these same qualities. If our assumption is correct, we would like you to take a close look at us. For this Company, while solving the problems of the day, thrives on a sort of creative rest- lessness which anticipates the challenges of tomorrow. And more important to you, it recognizes its engineers and "scientists as the master key to its present success and future progress. From a solid foundation of basic and applied research, our Company has gained a firm foothold in the land, sea, air, and space programs that are helping to shape our nation's future. Our engineers and scientists are exploring ever-broadening avenues of energy conversion for every environment. Should you join them, you'll be assigned early responsibility... to apply your engineer- ing talents to such areas as advanced gas turbines... rocket engines . . . fuel cells and nuclear power. Such trail-blazing projects command the best of varied talent. That's why you'll find at Pratt & Whitney Air- craft men with college training as diverse as their responsibilities. You will also find that opportunities for professional growth are further enhanced by our corporation-financed Graduate Education Program. Your degree? It can be a B.S., M.S. or Ph.D. in: MECHANICAL • AERONAUTICAL • ELECTRICAL • CHEMICAL and NUCLEAR ENGINEERING • PHYSICS • CHEMISTRY . METALLURGY • CERAMICS . MATHEMATICS . ENGINEER- ING SCIENCE or APPLIED MECHANICS. For further information concerning a career with Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, consult your college placement of- ficer_or—write to Mr. William L. Stoner, Engineering Department, Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, East Hartford 8, Connecticut. CONTINUID PROM PAGE 24 yields the best fuel economy, al- chemical cells in which the or- tube, which controls the burner lows better control, and min- ganisms are themselves part of temperature. Mr. Hendel feels imizes heat and moisture re- the electrolytes have also been that the incineration of all wastes moval problems. It should be given consideration. The elec- should be more efficient than any possible to repair the fuel cell trical potentials of such cells system previously proposed and in space. This favors a more are associated with the equilibria would avoid a storage or disposal convenient and accessible low of metabolic processes. 22 problem. He foresees negligible temperature-low pressure sys- power requirements for the sys- tem. CLOSED SYSTEMS tem if good heat exchangers and insulation are used. The exo- Allis-Chalmers has produced Environmental c o n t r o l sys- thermic oxidation of organic ma- a 50-watt fuel cell unit for the tems for use on the moon and terials and ammonia helps tode- Air Force and NASA. The unit, beyond are now envisioned as crease power requirements. applicable to almost any space closed systems using photosyn- mission, is slated to fly some- thetic gas exchangers in which FUEL CELLS time this year; it is rated at 30 algae in a water suspension will watts per pound and 3.0 kw per absorb carbon dioxide and re- Fuel cells have received con- cubic foot. If auxiliary equipment lease oxygen. The algae require siderable attention as possible is i n c l u d e d , these figures are light and nutrients, and excess sources of both power and pure lowered to 18 watts per pound and algae must be harvested. Algal water in space. A simple cell 1.1 kw per cubic foot. Allis-Chal- cultures in such gas exchangers consists of two electrodes sep- mers has also produced a work- can use urea as a source of ni- arated by an electrolyte. A fuel ing one kilowatt system. trogen, but tests show that they such as hydrogen is passed over cannot use untreated urine; it is the anode, where electrons are Pratt and Whitney's hydrogen- not known whether some elements generated which flow through the oxygen fuel cell uses an elec- of untreated urine kill the algae external circuit to the cathode trolyte which is 85% potassium or whether the algae need nu- and are consumed by an oxidizing hydroxide, and avoids high pres- trients which are not in urine. agent, e.g., oxygen. Ionic conduc- sure operation. However, since In any case, the urine must be tion through the electrolytecom- potassium hydroxide is a solid at pre-treated and is not a suffi- plete the circuit. Fuel cells are room temperature, special load- cient food for the growth of al- available using many different ing techniques are used and the kinds of fuel of four general gae. cell must be brought to 200 de- types: hydrocarbons, including grees C. before useful power can methane; non-hydrocarbons (hy- be obtained. Nickel electrodes The growth of algal cultures drogen, ammonia, hydrazine, and are used to retain the electrolyte. is directly dependent upon the sodium -amalgam); r e f o r m e d intensity of sunlight available luels (CH3OH and other hydro- NASA has decided to concen- at the point at which the culture carbons); and specialty fuels (re- trate on fuel cells for auxiliary is being grown. This decreases generative fuels, liquid metals, power in the Apollo, Gemini, and very quickly with distance. The etc.), LEM projects. General Electric sunlight brightness at Jupiter is and Pratt and Whitney have de- just above the "compensation point," the point at which a plant The simplest and most highly livered models of their auxiliary absorbs carbon dioxide in photo- developed fuel cell is the hydro- power systems for the Gemini and synthesis faster than it makes it oxygen cell, and proposed Apollo projects, respectively, to by respiration. For trips beyond space applications of fuel cells NASA. Pratt and Whitney is also Mars, photosynthesis by sunlight generally refer to these cells. involved in the LEM project. is probably not practical, Sun- The reactions in these cells pro- duce water at the rate of about 1 Indirect biochemical fuel cells light intensities at various dis pound per kilowatt-hour--a one using biochemical catalysts (en- tances from the sun are given in kilowatt cell could provide one zymes and microorganisms) to t a b l e 2 3 two, t a k e n from N. W. pound of water per hour of use. generate conventional fuels are Pirie: The removal of this water has being studied and direct bio- been a major problem in fuel cell design. Of the several manufac- turers who have built cells, Gen- eral Electric uses a wicking sys- tem to remove water, Pratt and Whitney uses a circulating elec- trolyte which requires an extra pump, and Allis - Chalmers, a "Static Moisture Removal Sys- tem" using a membrane near the cathode to exhaust water to a vacuum. Fuel cell reliability has been a very important factor Op- eration of the cell at a lower cur- rent density but higher voltage Find a career expanding and improving To serve a growing America, we are steadily en- the Bell System larging our communications system . . . opening new route-miles of cable and microwave . . . bringing more customers into the network . . . adding new services. As a result, the Bell System offers unique career op- portunities to ambitious young engineers who want to work on projects commensurate with their talents. In the Bell System there are literally hundreds of in- triguing engineering assignments ranging from the plan- ning of telephone service for large communities to the development of miniaturized components for equip- ment. A Bell System career can bring an engineer an exciting variety of tasks, every one important, with every- thing needed to carry them out. The Bell System companies are equal opportunity employers that match the benefits, salaries and working conditions of other companies. Few can match them, however, for work that is interesting and important. You owe it to yourself to investigate your career pos- sibilities in the Bell System. Have your Placement Office arrange a date with our interviewing team, or get in touch with a local Bell operating company. Either way, we'll welcome a chance to talk with you. CONTINUED FROM PAGE 30 an estimated 25% of the resting The design and maintenance of metabolism. It may be worth- algal cultures, which can be used while on long term space trips to purify wastes, convert carbon to reduce body requirements by dioxide, and produce food for the use of artificial body parts— human beings, has been investi- lungs, kidneys, and others will gated at some length. It will, no probably be available. In addi- doubt, be well developed during tion, it has been shown that the this generation. application of r e v e r s e forces Totally closed environmental makes muscles partly reverse control systems will certainly their metabolic cycles. It may become a reality in the near fu- one day be possible to run me- ture. For medium range mis- tabolic processes in vivo on out- sions (200 to 600 days), systems side energy, or to run these similar to that 24 in Figure six be- processes in reverse by apply- come practical. ing outside energy, reproducing substances used in metabolism. RESEARCH This area, too, merits further There is a critical need for re- investigation.25 search in several areas related to the recovery of water from wastes in the space environment. One of these is the recovery of usable water (about 1/4 1b. per day) from feces. Another is water purification by reiterative bac- teria. Additional data on thermo- osmosis is also needed. On long- duration trips (one year or more), it will become profitable to re- cover minor wastes such as ni- trogen from solid and liquid waste products and place them in useful form. Work on systems to r e - cover these wastes from human excrements will be demanded. More investigation of the treat- ment of urine for use as a nu- trient for algae in photo-syn- thetic gas exchangers is also needed. The functional activities of the various body organs account for Todays engineers shape tomorrow's future-all o»er the world Timely, efficient problem service, facility planning assistance YOUR F U T U R E , as well, is of great interest to United and design services lor U.S. Rubber laboratories and plants States Rubber. With our record of steady growth and con- throughout the world are the goals of service and plant engi- tinuing diversification, we have a constant need for qualified neering. You would be part of a coordinated team of special- engineers and the opportunities we offer are most rewarding. ists operating in such areas as: Our engineering service organizations provide consulting spe- cialitiesandcivil, electrical, mechanical and industrial engi- • Power services and utilities neering services to R & D laboratories and to our manufacturing • Electrical distribution equipment and controls plants as well as to our foreign and domestic subsidiaries. • Stress analysis, structural design and building construction • Industrial heating and air conditioning Personnel are selected from both within and outside the com- • Process design and design and layout of process equipment pany to provide an organization with a diversity of speeial- ized knowledge. This knowledge covers modern scientific • Heavy machinery design and installation and engineering techniques in the construction and installa- tion of new facilities and the modernization of old. INDUSTRIAL SPOTLIGHT In the Fall of 1964, Mr. and for Romney began to pile up, and ilar kinds of work, have displayed Mrs. American Voter went to the some Michigan viewers darkly similar patterns of political be- polls as usual, cast their ballots suspected that CBS News was havior. Obviously, this does not for an assortment of Congres- using witchcraft. mean that the group's proportion- sional and state candidates, and ate support of a ticket tends to be then turned to their favorite news In Massachusetts, Governor similar within a state andforany source to find out how the elec- John Volpe conceded to his Dem- given election. tions were coming along. ocratic opponent, Endicott Pea- The voting population of every And as usual, it seemed as if the body. Reporting Volpe's conces- state in the Union is made up of "races" had just begun, because sion, CBS News continued to de- such socio-ethnic groups. The the first scattered precincts were clare that the contest was really number of groups, and their char- reporting, and the early returns too close to determine a winner. acter and relative strength, vary were going up on the Scoreboard. And, sure enough, as the hours from state to state. But within any First, Candidate X was leading by wore on, the count of Volpe's given state, it is possible to find a few votes; then Candidate Y vote drew even with Peabody's. out who the groups are, where showed a surge of strength and (it took weeks, and a statewide pulled ahead. recount, to determine to every- they live, how they have voted in past elections, and what they think The "race" may have seemed one's satisfaction that Peabody about the current political candi- exciting, but it was pure illusion. had, in fact, won --by two-tenths dates and issues. In fact, there was no race at all, of one per cent of the vote). To do this, VPA researchers and there never had been. Elec- Vote Projection Analysis is tions vere over when the polls like study Bureau of Census data, closed; either X or Y had been of many printing a picture composed demographic reports and pre- elected. The only "race" going thousands of dots, and cinct voting records; they draw on was among the news media, then screening most of them out. scientific samples of the voting trying to get the votes counted If you make the right selection of population and poll them as a and reported as soon as possi- dots that remain, the picture will check on existing statistics. ble. still be recognizable — and the By the time they are througn, same thing is true for the poli- the researchers know more about But the tradition of the vote tics of a state. the voting population of the state collection "race" was old and The problem is to make the well established. Mr. and Mrs. right selection of voters. This than the voters know about them- Voter were used to that style of selves--more, in fact, than any- election reporting. It was what requires monumental research one had ever known before. they expected, and it was what -- a job that is being carried on A model state, will consist of they got--unless they were tuned continuously t h r o u g h o u t the 32 to 60 selected precincts, de- to CBS News. United States by VPA research pending upon the size and com- teams, including representatives position of the electorate. These For CBS News, in 1962, was up of CBS News, IBM, and L o u i s precincts will form a cross- to something entirely new and dif- Harris and Associates. section, reflecting the various ferent. VPA research is based on an voting groups in the state To In Michigan, with Democratic important observation about vot- test the model, the precinct data incumbent John Swainson ahead ers--that people tend to vote in is programmed into computers, in the vote count by 74,000, CBS p a t t e r n s , according to socio- which compare the actual state- News r e p o r t e d R e p u b l i c a n ethnic groups. Historically, peo- wide vote in previous elections George Romney elected Gov- ple of similar background, age, with the total vote from the model ernor. Hours later, the vote count education, and status, who also precincts in those same elec- live close together and do sim- CONTINUED ON PAGE 36 Opportunities at Hughes for EE's—Physicists—Scientists; from the ocean floor to the moon...and beyond Hughes sphere of activity extends from the far reaches of outer space to the bottom of the sea... includes advanced studies, research, design, development and produc- tion on projects such as: © SURVEYOR- unmanned, soft-landing lunar spacecraft for chemical and visual analysis of the moon's surface; ©SYNCOM (Synchronous- orbit Communications Satellite)—provides world-wide communications with only three satellites; © F-111B PHOENIX Missile System~an advanced weapon system desiqned to radically extend the defensive strike capability of supersonic aircraft' © A n t i - CBM Defense Systems —designed to locate, intercept and destroy attacking enemy ballistic missiles in flight; © A i r Defense Control Systems— border-tp-border con- trol of air defenses from a single command center—combines 3D radar real-time computer technology and display systems within a flexible communication's network' 3D Radar—ground and ship-based systems give simultaneous height range and bearing data—now in service on the nuclear-powered U.S.S. Enterprise; ©POLARIS Guidance System — guidance components for the long-range POLARIS missile' Hydrospace —advanced sonar and other anti-submarine warfare systems. CONTINUED FROM PAGE 34 On the basis of VPA results, what had happened and the voting tions The model as a whole must CBS News correspondents r e - behavior behind the results. accurately reflect the political porting on Presidential, Sena- While VPA is based primarily b e h a v i o r of the state, and torial and Gubernatorial races on political science and exten- research goes on until it does. will have a quick and useful sive research, the system is so Nor does the research end once method of comparing the Nov. 3 a satisfactory model has been complex --utilizing returns, past voting pattern with the entire voting information and associ- built. Precincts, like politics, do voting history of an area, a r - not stand still. New apartment or ated date on more than 2,000 riving at a judgment as to what separate precincts throughout the highway construction, for exam- h a s happened in a particular ple, may change the voting popu- nation - - that its use on Election state. Night would not be possible with- lation of precincts so that they no The IBM computer system, longer fit the model. The pre- out the IBM Computer system. similar to that used in business At the same time, the com- cincts must be studied constantly, and industry, provided the corps and the research validated. It's of CBS News correspondents cov- puter's role in Vote Profile An- a continuous process that goes ering the election with meaning- alysis is the same as its applica- on right down to the election eve. ful data which enabled them to tion to industrial uses; it can By now, it should be clear that explain the "why" as well as the process vast amounts of data in VPA election night results are "what' of the election returns. extremely short periods of time, not based on guesswork, but hard The computer system formed the enabling management to make work, and lots of it. heart of CBS News Vote Profile speedy decisions. Twenty - one months of in- Analysis, state - by - state pro- The s y s t e m therefore was tensive research from coast to jections of early returns from primed to produce and deliver coast, seven million dollars c a r e f u l l y selected and r e - on demand hundreds of state- worth of computing equipment-- searched precincts which provide wide reports for CBS News cor- largest and most extensive data accurate and early indications of CONTINUED ON PAGE 38 processing complex e v e r as- sembled for election reporting-- and a special corps of reporters in some 2,000 precincts were utilized to provide early indica- tions of winners and analyses of voting trends by the CBS News Vote Profile Analysis on the CBS Television Network Nov. 3. Results from VPA precincts furnished indications of who had won or was leading in each state and the factors which shaped the result. In the same manner as the President is actually e l e c t e d , VPA reports indicate what had happened on a state - by - state basis, and only when VPA shows that states totaling a majority (270) of the electoral votes have been won is a national result in- dicated. In 48 states and the Dis- trict of Columbia, roughly 2,000 precincts are selected for in- depth research prior to the elec- tion. (Alaska and Hawaii are not included.) Data polling, not opin- ion polling, is a principal method of research for VPA precincts; that is, data on past voting his- tory, economic, religious, geo- graphic and ethnic breakdown of the population are collected. To augment and confirm this data polling, VPA researchers gather information from census bureau studies, county courthouse rec- ords, personal observation and interviews with county and pre- cinct officials. The complete data on each of the 2,000 VPA pre- cincts then are programmed into the computer complex. Uncertain about these career decisions? Don't worry! eye view of the total picture in advanced electronics. For those graduates who are uncertain regarding their career A wide variety of current in-house projects enables you to P'ans, we welcome the opportunity to discuss the wide variety of move right into the heart of today's most advanced develop- interesting and challenging assignments available with Sylvania Electronic Systems. SES is equipped to foster the ments in electronic systems. .You may start here in a tech- Professional growth of graduates with widely differing goals. nical or administrative capacity in any one of these broad This is possible primarily because SES is actually a highly areas: space/earth communications • electronic reconnais- diversified complex which encompasses 19 R&D laboratories, sance • detection • countermeasures • information handling 4 manufacturing plants and a world-wide field engineering • arms disarmament and control • sophisticated electronic operation. The Division's mission is to manage government networks such as the ground electronics system supporting systems programs for General Telephone & Electronics, the Minuteman command and control functions. parent corporation. Finally, opportunities are numerous for ambitious individuals The to accelerate their advancement through participation in small group form of organization— a traditional small division-wide conferences, in-plant courses and seminars, company advantage — is practiced at SES to encourage indi- and post graduate study plans conducted on an unusually vidual Progress and development. SES offers its personnel generous scale. absorbing assignments to perform, yet also affords a bird's- CONTINUED FROM PAGE 36 they were stored into the com- respondent Mike Wallace; the respondents providing facts on puter cells assigned for the vote Presidential Desk, with H a r r y socio-ethnic voting patterns, on returns in each precinct. As Reasoner and Roger Mudd; the comparisons with past elections more and more precincts from Congressional Desk, with Robert and, of course, immediate in- within a state were heard from, Trout; and the National Analysis formation on selected returns an analytical report on the r e - Desk, with Eric Sevareid and that evening. These reports, con- turns thus far from the state was Martin Agronsky, all withinafew tinually u p d a t e d as additional ready to be produced. At a given feet of each other. In the center, precincts report in throughout point--when 20 out of 42 p r e - facing these four desks, was CBS the evening, provided the cor- cincts have reported, for ex- News C o r r e s p o n d e n t Walter respondents with the most de- ample - - the system produced Cronkite, acting as National Ed- tailed data on voting trends in the an extensive report on the race itor in charge of the National history of election reporting. involved. Desk. Prior to Election Night, the A large screen was installed The report contained results behind the National Desk, to be system was utilized to help de- by percentage for each precinct velop and select the most rep- used for display of remote pick- reporting; it contained results resentative precincts in e a c h by regions of the state, by areas ups from various parts of the state. The computers are used of v a r y i n g population density country. to compare groups of combina- (city, suburbs, town and rural), A minimum of 12 cameras tions of precincts and to check by religious groups and by eth- w e r e deployed throughout the their mathematical reliability in nic groups; it did, in each case, studio, including four mounted terms of precinct votes in prior show comparisons for the same on a 17 1/2-foot platform facing elections compared with area and precincts and same groups with the Vote Board. Some 55 tele- state-wide votes in the same comparable races in the past (the type machines - - including those elections. The system processes 1960 Presidential race, for ex- of the Network Election Service millions of combinations to select ample, as well as 1962, 1960 or the wire services and internal the best 2,000 precincts out of 1958 Senatorial or Gubernatorial communications --were utilized. some 8,000 possible precincts races). More than 2,600 individual Dig- already researched. ital Display Unit components on The IBM system may have pro- the 300 DDU panels posted the On Election Night, CBS News duced as many as four reports vote reporters at the 2,000 pre- for each race in each state, and results of the VPA analysis and cincts telephoned vote returns in fact, more on demand. The of the raw vote figures supplied from these precincts to CBS final such report, of course, by the Network Election Service. Studio 41. These DDU units, first used dur- was produced when all of the ing the 1962 election coverage by The entire computer network VPA model precincts have r e - is what is known as a real-time ported. CBS News, were designed ana system - - a system which proc- built by CBS Laboratories in esses information as it occurs In addition, the computers pro- c o l l a b o r a t i o n with CBS Tele- --comprising 30 IBM 1050 data duced Presidential Summary Re- vision Network production spe- communications units and an IBM ports, summarizing the Presi- cialists. Each DDU unit contains 1440 computer linked to an IBM dential race in 48 states and the numerals from zero to nine, with 7010/1301 system. It is valued District of Columbia on a periodic the white-on-black figures ro- at approximately $7,000,000. In- b a s i s , and including regional tating on a shaft and flipping to a formation was relayed to IBM breakdowns on voting behavior designated number like the pages operators who key the data into by area of population density, of a book. Eight such units a 1050 "terminal" system. This, religion and ethnic groupings. mounted side by side will be in turn, fed it into a 1440 com- able to record up to 99.999.999 puter which checked the data With 108 separate races sched- numbers. against previously gathered in- uled for VPA, therefore, it was Each of these grouped units formation for obvious errors. If expected that nearly 500 of the was linked to and controlled by the phoned information was veri- exhaustive reports would be pro- a c o n s o l e . As figures are re- fied, it was fed back into the 1050 duced by the IBM computer sys- ported in, they are set up on the and, simultaneously, to the 7010 tem during the evening, each of consoles and, by push button, c o m p u t e r on the floor which them involving hundreds of facts changed instantaneously, Thus printed out the information. If the and calculations. CBS News was able to speed up 1440 finds a discrepancy, it is On that night, viewers saw a the posting of figures to within automatically relayed to a trou- fan-shaped, multi-level setting seconds after they arephonedin ble-shooting desk from where showing the Presidential Board and evaluated. the precinct reporter involved and 51 State Boards (including the Thus research, interpretation, was queried about his data. District of Columbia), as well as and data processingwerethe On Election Night, Studio 41 Vote Profile Analysis Estimate three keys to vote projection was manned by more than 200 Boards, with more than 300 sep- analysis. Opinion analysts Lou CBS News employees - - cor- arate digital display panels cov- r e s p o n d e n t s , production and ering each of the principal races Harris and associates are pri- technical personnel - - not count- in each state at its perimeter marily responsible for the first, ing the IBM crews. In front of these boards and cor- CBS News for the second and responding to them from left to IBM computer systemsforthe As precinct reports arrived r i g h t , was t h e Gubernatorial and were fed into the system, Desk, manned by CBS News Cor- third. "The development of management is essential to our goal of great growth" At the 1964 stockholders' meeting, Arjay Miller, President of Ford Motor Company, emphasized the Company's far-sighted recruitment program and its accent on developing management talent: "One aspect of our planning is crucial to the success of everything else we do. It engages the best thoughts and efforts of our whole management team, from top to bottom, throughout the world. I am speaking of the development of management. The immediate future of our Company depends heavily upon the abilities of the people who are now key members of our management team. "In the longer run, our future depends on what we are doing at the present time to attract and develop the people who will be making the major decisions 10 to 20 years from now. We are developing management competence in depth in order to attack the problems that will confront a company of great growth—and great growth (both in profits and sales) is exactly the goal we have established for Ford Motor Company. "We are continuing to emphasize recruiting. Last spring, 180 of our management people devoted part of their time to recruiting outstanding graduates from colleges and universities throughout the U.S. Last year, these efforts resulted in our hiring over 1,000 graduates, 220 more than the year before. "We are seeking and we are finding young men—and young women, too—with brains and backbone—people who have the ability and the desire to make room for themselves at the top. We give our trainees challenging assignments with as much responsibility as they can carry. We promote them as fast as they are ready. Those who are interested in easy security soon drop out. Those who have what we want stay with us, and move up quickly to increased responsibility and the pay that goes with it. Thanks to the quality of the people we are recruiting and developing, I am firmly convinced that our outlook is most promising." Industrial News A new sampling instrument named the KH-400 has just been introduced by Welles Products, Inc. The simplic- ity and accurasy of the device was immediately appar- ent to others, and at their request, the unit has now been made commercially available. The KH-400 is opened by depressing a thumb lever at the top and lowered into the liquid in the open position. The clear Plexiglas cylinder is open at both top and bottom - no air can be trapped and carried below. As the instrument is lowered at an angle, a chimney-type flow of the liquid displaces all previous liquid so that at any level, the cylinder is always filled from that precise point. There can be no entrained liquid or air within the cylinder - no contamination of the sample. When the desired depth is reached, a sharp tug on the cord snaps the instrument closed, trapping an accurate sample. DuMont Laboratories has produced a complete closed- circuit television camera with its own regulated power supply in one small, lightweight package that is rug- gedized against environmental shock, vibration, and temperature extremes. Horizontal resolution of 700 lines, and high signal-to- noise ratio help produce sharp, bright pictures at light levels as low as 10 foot candles scene illumination. Useful pictures can be obtained with scene illuminations as low as 1 foot candle. The camera may be fed direct- ly to a convenient TV receiver. An additional output provides for interconnection with any high resolution monitor. Westinghouse engineer J. R. Hansen prepares to view the complicated patterns in a laser beam, with a new infrared pattern viewer developed at the Westinghouse Research Laboratories. The "eye" of the viewer is a thin film of liquid crystals mounted in the round vacuum cell at the center of the picture. When the beam from the laser (rear) strikes the film, its heat will cause the crystals to shift in color and display the beam's struc- ture. Lamps in the housing in the foreground are used to adjust the temperature of the film and to provide the exact amount of illumination to it. Campus research is important to Detroit Edison Research projects such as these provide a chal- Detroit Edison supports research activities at many lenge for both professors and students alike. This engineering universities and receives valuable infor- challenge continues after graduation in our re- mation from these joint programs. Here are some of search laboratories and engineering departments the projects now under way at University of Michi- because interesting things are happening at Detroit gan, Iowa State University, Kansas State University and Rose Polytechnic Institute. Edison. If you're graduating this year and want to put Power System Stability Analysis and Generator Field your ideas and energies to work —write to Mr. Control George Sold, The Detroit Edison Company, Detroit, • Analysis ofC o n d u c t o r Vibration Michigan 48226. And look for the Edison personnel • Modern Solutions for Power Networks representative when he visits your campus. Mathamatical Models for Peak Load Forecasting Block Diagram Representation of a Power Generat- ing unit- a first step in stability analysis Thermionic Conversion COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING and JETG ANNUAL ENGINEERING EXPOSITION and CONFERENCE will be held at MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY East Lansing, Mich. MAY 14-16,1965 BRAIN SPRAINERS A man is on a bridge from A to B, 3/8 of the way across from A. He A garrison had bread for 11 days. hears a train approaching A at a If there had been 400 more men, rate of 60 mph. If he runs towards each man's daily share would have A he will meet the train at A; if he been 2 ounces less; if there had runs towards B the train will over- been 600 fewer men, each man s take him at B. How fast can he run? daily share could have been increas- ed by 2 ounces and the bread would have lasted 12 days. How many pounds of bread did the garrison have? A farmer, as a present, gave his son all the land the son could separate In a series of games: Jim beat in a rectangular plot with 600 yards Frank, and John; Frank beat Joe, of fence. The son, however, used Tom and John; Joe beat Jim and part of a pond as one side of his Tom; Tom beat Jim and John; John plot. Find the maximum area the beat Joe. Rank the players accord- son could have received. ing to their winning ability. At a party there are: 14 girls, 11 adults without costumes, 14 women, Answers to last issue's problems: 10 girls with costumes, 24 people l.Alfred-30, Bill-18, Charles-28 without costumes, 8 women with cos- tumes, and 10 males with costumes. 2. The statement is valid. many people are at the party? 3. Twenty-three men. 4. 2x9 + 6 - 7=17 or 7296 - 7 - 1 7 5. Smith forgets to bring his wife flowers; there is no independence. Men on the move at Bethlehem Steel JIM DAVIS, CH.E., GEORGIA TECH '59 LEON HARBOLD, MET.E., LEHIGH '59 DENNIS WITMER, CH.E., MARYLAND '61 -Jim is a salesman in our Chicago -Leon's many assignments around -An engineer at our research labora- District. His technical training has the open hearths at our Sparrows been a valuable asset in selling steel tories in Bethlehem, Pa., Dennis is products. Point, Md., Plant led to his latest pro- shown using a microprobe to study motion as Assistant to the Superin- corrosion-resistant coatings on sheet tendent of # 3 Open Hearth. steel. FRED EWING, C.E., CARNEGIE TECH '60 —Fred is a turn foreman, super- FRANK PERETIN, E.E., PITT '60 BILL BALLEK, M.E., LAFAYETTE 62 vising a force of 130 men in the rod -As an engineer in the Johnstown, Pa., -As turn foreman in the Bethlehem and wire mills at our Sparrows Point, Plant Electrical Department, Frank's Plant forge shop, Bill supervises Md., Plant, the nation's largest steel duties involve power generation and hammer forge and mechanical press plant. distribution, drive systems, and elec- operations. He also coordinates qual- tronic controls. ity control for the entire shop. FROM CAMPUS TO CAREER WITH DELCO RADIO fects in solid state devices. soon be on your way to a long- Just 10 years ago, Max Stanton time, rewarding career at Delco. Max Stanton has established a received his BA in Physics from Opportunities exist now in sili- challenging and satisfying career !ndiana University. con and germanium device de- with Delco—the electronics divi- Today, Max is a senior project velopment, ferrites, solid state dif- sion of General Motors. As a young engineer at Delco Radio Division fusion, creative packaging of semi- graduate engineer, you, too, could °f General Motors Corporation in conductor products, development Kokomo, Indiana. of laboratory equipment, reliability Max is shown above analyzing techniques, and applications and 9as ambients found in sealed tran- manufacturing engineering. sistor enclosures. The system—a Our brochure detailing the op- residual gas analyzer—is pumped portunities to share in forging the down to a low vacuum with an future of electronics with this out- absorption tank and vacion pump. standing Delco-GM team is yours Then a transistor is punctured and for the asking. Watch for Delco the gas introduced into the analy- Radio interview dates on your zer. Using mass spectrographic campus, or write to Mr. C. D. Long- techniques, an analysis of the con- shore, Dept. CR, Delco Radio Divi- s e n t s through mass number 80 sion, General Motors Corporation, Can Kokomo, Indiana. be made. Such analyses are hel Pful in the study of surface ef- HISTORY OF THE CALENDAR The calendar is a convenience so familiar that Protestant and Greek Catholic countries. We we take it for granted. Anciently, a device show- should note that this scheme of revision did not ing the days of the month, and pictured in books or involve breaking the continuity of the weekly on stone, was called a calendarium. Our present cycle. Thursday, October 4 of the Julian calen- calendar may be traced back to about 738 B.C. dar was followed by Friday, October 15 under the when Romulus, according to legend, introduced Gregorian. Long before the seven-day week was the Roman calendar. March, the first month, was adopted by the Romans, the Jews followed a seven- named in honor of Mars, god of war. April was day week in their worship, and the week was no derived from Aperire, to open, the month in which part of the official Roman civil calendar until the the earth opened for new fruit. May was called in reign of Constantine. We find t r a c e s of its use in honor of Mala, goddess of marriage. June was astrological calendars in the first century B.C named after the goddess Juno. Quintilis was then showing its connection at Rome with the sun, the fifth month, Sextilis the sixth, our September moon and five planets, which have given their the seventh, October the eighth, November the ninth and December the tenth. To honor Julius names to the seven days. Caesar, the month Quintilis was changed to July. It would seem that the creation account give" Caesar Augustus later gave the name of August by Moses (Genesis 2:1-3) is the only reasonable to Sextilis. About 713 B.C. the Roman King Numa explanation for the origin of the weekly cycle. Pompilius added the month of January, named The Encyclopedia Brittanica supports this con- after Janus, and also introduced February, called clusion: " T h e week is a period of seven days, after Februalia, the time for sacrificing to the having no reference whatever to the c e l e s t i a l gods. Thus, the year now had 12 lunar months, or motions. It has been employed from time im- 354 days, but by the time of Julius Caesar this memorial in almost all Eastern countries . • • calendar had become entirely at variance with those who reject the Mossaic recital (thatis,the the equinoxes. So in 46 B.C., he constructed the creation account) will be at a loss, as Delambre Julian calendar by borrowing the Egyptian fixed r e m a r k s , to assign to it an origin having lunch solar calendar of 365 days. An additional day was semblance of probability." Vol. IV., p.988,11th intercalated every fourth year to complete the Edition. 365 1/4 days, but it was not yet entirely accurate. The weekly cycle was instituted by God at the In 1582 Pope Gregory XIII rectified the difficulty creation of the world, and the 7th day Sabbath by dropping 10 days, so that the equinox may fall marks off the weeks: this day wasdesignedof on the approximate date on which it fell in 325 God to be kept holy as a perpetualmemonrialof A.D., at the Council of Nicea. This Gregorian His creative and redemptive powers. Therefore, calendar, which we still use, was immediately the weekly cycle is a twin s i s t e r of the7thday adopted by Roman Catholic countries, but later by Sabbath, the r e s t day set forth for maninthe Bible. If LOCATION is important to you in choosing your first job, whynottalktothecompanythatha 130 Plants and research centers throughout the U.S.A., as well as scores of sales offices form coast to coast? Your placement office can tell you when ourinterviewerwillbeoncampus. Your plans should include John Deere Our plans include engineers. In order to ex- nical fields — research, product design and de- pand our worldwide network of 22 manufac- velopment, industrial engineering, materials turing operations, we need good people . . . analysis, methods, or plant engineering. curious people . . . people with initiative . . . Check your placement office for more infor- people who can use today's and tomorrow's technology to build better farm, industrial, mation. Or, write to Director, College and lawn and garden tractors and equipment. University Relations, Deere & Company, Moline, 111. An equal opportunity employer. Organized in 1837, John Deere is the leader in the United States and Canada in farm equip- ment sales. Total net sales have more than doubled in the past ten years. Unusual opportunities are offered in tech- Engineers can go nuts without the bolts Blue-sky theorizing is essential to engineering. In fact, it is the ignition point for all technological electronics), Electron Optics, Engineering Phys- ics, Fluid Dynamics, Heat Transfer, Hydraulics, achievement. But the best ideas in and out of this Instrumentation, Mechanics, Metallurgy, Physical world can fail if the proving ground, the testing Chemistry, Servomechanisms, Structures, Stress lab, or the constructive cynicism of mature co- Analysis, Thermodynamics. Working in Project professionals aren't available to question an idea Task Forces, the men involved multiply their or a product's ultimate function. • Engineers knowledge by mixing intelligence and constantly working without these facilities wind up talking communicating problems . . . and solutions, only to themselves — and there's a word for that Available as tools to our engineers are Divisional condition. Hamilton Standard management long facilities of over 1.5 million square feet. These ago recognized that in the marketplaces of the facilities have established Hamilton Standard as aerospace industry, a company's ability to pro- a world leader in contributing to state-of-the-art duce a workable article is largely measured by advances in vibrations, aerodynamics, hydraulics, and control dynamics, among others. A recently wo basic criteria: the genius of its people . . . and completed space simulator for manned missions the Physical resources at their immediate dis- will further advance the state-of-the-art in life sup- posal- Hamilton Standard is the "compleat" en- port systems, when Division engineers outfitted gineering organization. The company is a unique in our space suits conduct tests at a simulated b l e n d o f many advanced projects, specialized altitude of approximately 1,500,000 feet. If you engineering skills . . . plus exceptional research, would like to know more about our equal opportun- aboratory and manufacturing facilities. • Pres- ity company, including graduate study programs Projects involve environmental control sys- . . . and the kind of countryside Connecticut living ery,airinductioncontrols, starters and turbomachin- enjoyed by Hamilton families . . . write to Mr. ery, air induction controls, propellers, electron Timothy K. Bye, Supervisor of College Relations, beam technology, ground support equipment, Windsor Locks, Connecticut, or see your Place- electronics, thrust vector controls, bioscience ment Office for an appointment with our repre- research and spacecraft life support systems. sentative when he visits your campus. This broad product range requires, obviously, an engineering team with a wide variety of engineer- ing skills. • The group of over one thousand such disciplines and technicians are skilled in such disciplines as Aerodynamics, Cryogenics, Control Dynamics, Electronics (including Micro- Johnson & Johnson U. S. Gypsum Borg-Warner Fairbanks Morse Olive tti -Unde r wood Bell Aerosystems For Student's edification, we pre- Engineer to Date: "How many Commonwealth of Kentucky City of Milwaukee sent herewith a portfolio of typical po- beers does it take to make you dizzy ?" litical pronouncements. So that none Date: "Four or five and don't will miss the full message of these call me Dizzy." meaningful literary gems, we have ask- ed our experts to restate them in Proctor & Gamble everyday language. We earnestly hope Highway Department Tonto and the Lone Ranger National Aeronautics and that this clarification will enlighten the Space Administration are surrounded by 10,000 fierce student and case his understanding of Indians. "Well Tonto, it looks Socony Mobil Oil the political scene this election year. Like the end of u s . " Quote: This program is a multi-mil- "What do you m e a n ' u s ' , lion dollar giveaway. paleface?" Translation: None of this is being Timken Roller Bearing spent in my district. West Virginia Pulp & Paper Q: I am shocked that such a thing could happen. Know what becomes of doughnut T: How did that get out? holes after the doughnuts are eaten? IBM make a fortune cutting Q: I have the greatest admiration Los Angeles Civil Service them up in little pieces and pasting and respect for my opponent. them on cards. Continental Grain Co. T: The double-dealing bum. Parke, Davis & Co. Marine Engineering Lab. Q: I feel that the press has not been Louis Allis Co. entirely accurate in its presentation of Goodyear Tire & Rubber this matter. Hear about the new deodorant T: 1 have been caught lying. called Vanish? It makes you disap- pear and everybody wonders where Q: I say NO . . . definitely and final the odor is coming from. NO! Pullman Standard T: For the present I am against it. Union Carbide Corp. Q: . . . and I will demand equal Westinghouse Electric Corp. time on television. The Gass Co. Probably the reason that God T: We'll buy all the time we canmade woman last was that he Lear Siegler . get. didn't want any advice while c r e - Pittsburg-Des Moines Steel ating man. Goodyear International Q: I am unalterably opposed to wasting the taxpayer's money!! T: This is an election year. Libby-Owens-Ford Glass Ingersoll-Rand A man was notified by his psy- Cargill Inc. chiatrist, "If you don't pay your Republic Steel Chemistry Professor: "Young bill, I'm going to let you go crazy." man, why aren't you taking notes?" Freshman: "I don't need to. "I've got my grandfather's." Texas Inst. Douglas Aircraft A girdle is an elastic supplement Owens-Illinois Tie says 1 don't know how to to stern reality. dress, huh! Well, tonight I'll wear my new low cut dress and show him a thing or two." Ford Motor Co. (Summer) ENGINEERS & S C I E N T I S T S : The future? Man in space. General Dynamics! Astronautics offers you the challenges of helping to develop mans usefulness and support in this awesome environment of the future. The tasks are complex. The problems are many. The challenges are significant. As the space-oriented division of the great General Dynamics Corporation, Astronaut.es will meet them with th e vigor and full range of resources that have characterized our past successes. Join our teams of experts in realizing man's destiny in space. Scientific and technical opportunities exist at all degree levels inactivitiesthatinclude RESEARCH, DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, TEST, COMPUTER PROGRAMMING, RELIABILITY, and ADMINISTRATION. for Genera. Dynamics (Astronautics career information,seeyourplacementofficerandwatcch f °r campus interview schedules, or write to Mr. B. L. Dobler, Chief ofProfessionalPlacement and Personnel, Dept. 130-90, General Dynamics | Astronautics, . 6 004 Kearny Villa Road, San Diego, California 92112. An Equal Opportun.ty Employer. Dear • Folks, • To Whom It May Concern: • Herman— • Warden; • Crossing Ahead - Go Slow! Another quarter is here and already I feel • Depressed. Q Horny. • Like a schizo. • With my hands. • Ilroke. From past experience I know that the only thing than can Really help me is a • Good still shot of Bourbon. • Signed check. • Fix • Night away from the dorm. Q Few copies ol my finals. Maybe you can help me, huh? There's not too much happening lately. Oh, yes, last night • There was a panty raid at the Dean of Women's house. • I (hugged a keg of beer. • We drained Mirror Lake at 2 AM. Q We hung one of the deans in Effigy — a small town near Cols. • The ROTC boys had a "book burning" bonfire. Outside of that, it's pretty dead. Yesterday I met the cutest • fox terrier. [ ] plum tree. • minister, priest, rabbi (take your pick). • atheist. • cesspool cleaner. We merely nodded, but I'm sure something will come of it. I'll keep you posted. Well, I guess I better close now. You see • the beer is arriving. • the orgy's about to begin. • got to cram like hell for a midterm. • I'm becoming terribly bored with the whole thing. • my pinmate's tickling my neck. So until the next letter, remember — • to send a check. • keep the Care Packages coming. • send a check • the Alamo. • send a check. • Love and kisses, • Thanking you in advance, • With deepest regrets, • Yours for better living through anatomy, As usual, • The little old wine maker • Anxious • The Mad Bomber • The Midnight Skulker • The Great Pumpkin Young Engineers Find Opportunity at Allison the many advantages of a job with Allison. • Bob Reinstrom came to Allison Division, General Motors, early in 1962 following his graduation from Allison's broad education and training programs offer the University of Minnesota with a BS degree in Mech- unlimited opportunities to the young graduate engineer anical Engineering. desiring education beyond the normal four or five years .As a research engineer at Allison, he has been asso- of college training. ciated with the Nuclear Liquid Metal Cell Program, the If you're interested in knowing more about Allison's MCR (Military Compact Reactor) Project, and the Graduate Study Program, see our interviewer when he Energy Depot Project. In these assignments, he has visits your campus. Or, write now for your copy of contnbuted to these studies: Allison's brochure, explaining your opportunities for advancing your professional career at Allison. Send your 1—Analysisand design of heat transfer equipment request to: Allison Division, General Motors Corpora- toinvestigateboiling, condensing, and thermal cycling tion, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206, Att: Professional and in closed liquid metal systems. Scientific Placement. —The steady-state parametric optimization and An equal opportunity employer transient behavior analysis of nuclear reactor systems. Therm odynamic analysis of open chemical pro- Presently, Bob is doing graduate work in engineering atPurdueUniversity-Indianapolis campus . . . one of i The boss was chasing his sec- A Protestant minister, a Cath- After giving the young woman retary as usual. "Let's go up to olic priest, and a Jewish rabbi a thorough physical examination, my apartment tonight," he sug- were going fishing, but the motor the doctor asked her, "What is gested. on their boat died twenty feet your husband's name?" She answered, "I am very did- from shore. The minister stood "I don't have a husband," was actic and pithy in my refusal of up, stepped casually out of the the reply. your very derogatory vitupera- boat, and walked across the top "Your boyfriend then?" tive, and vitrolic proposition." of the water to the shore. Then the priest also left the boat, "I don't h a v e a boyfriend "I don't get it." either." "That's what I've been trying walking on the water to the shore. to tell you." The rabbi looked at the two on The doctor crossed his office the shore, took a deep breath, to a window facing East, raised and stepped from the boat, sink- the Venetian blinds, and looked ing to the bottom in fifteen feet outside. of water. "Why are you doing that?" the The priest turned to the min- girl asked. The double-E major was ex- ister and remarked, "I think we The doctor said, "My dear girl, plaining to his date about the should have told him where the a star rose in the East the last psychiatric treatments he had rocks were." time this happened, and I don t been undergoing for a month. want to miss it this time." "The doctor's an idiot," he as- serted. "He says I'm in love with my wristwatch." "And, of course, you aren't," When you get to heaven, you can tell God from the angels It was the little old lady's sev- said the girl. entieth birthday and she was be- Holding the watch up to his ear because God has a great big G on the front of His sweatshirt. ginning to fear everyone had for- and listening to it tick, the guy gotten her, when the Western smiled and said, "I may be fond Union man rang her doorbell. of my watch, but that's no reason "Oh, joy, it must be a birthday to say I'm emotionally involved." telegram," chuckled the little A slightly plump friend of ours woman, "Please sing it to me. lost 105 pounds last month, yet he couldn't be more miserable. "Lady, I can't sing this, pro- She was a gorgeous redhead. tested the bearer of the teie- "Oh, George," said the pretty gr young coed, "do you really love " P r e t t y please," the lady per- me as much as you say you do?" U "Of c o u r s e I do," the boy An inmate in the lunatic ward "So", lady no," was the reply- vouched, "but my n a m e is of a large hospital was trying to "Look," asserted the little old Henry." talk the doctor into believing that lady, "if you don't sing that to me, "Drat," the coed said angrily. I'm going to call up your company he was Napoleon. "I wish I'd stop thinking this was and complain!" Tuesday night!" "But who told you that you're Napoleon?" asked the doctor. "Well, okay, lady," the mes- "God did!" asserted the luna- senger relented. "La-la-la-la- tic. Your-son-is-dead." "I did not!" roared a deep voice Two hillbillies w e r e taking from the next bed. their first train ride, when they decided to try the soda pop in the "Honey," whispered the cute v e n d i n g machine at the station. Ike took his first swig just as the little coed as she snuggled deeper train was entering a tunnel. Freshman: If you'll go out with into her boy friend'sarms,"don't "How is it Ike?" asked his me just this once, I promise I you think it's about time we were companion. won't try to kiss you, or get getting married?" "Don't drink it, Zeke," Ike fresh, or anything like that. "You know, I think you're Coed: You just talked yourself right," he replied, yawning-, "but warned. "I been struck blind." who in the world would have s? out of one great date. Advertiser Page Advertiser page AC, DIV. OF G E N E R A L MOTORS 21 GENERAL DYNAMICS (ASTRONAUTICS) 51 ALLIED CHEMICAL 47 GENERAL ELECTRIC CO Back Cover ALLISON, DIV OF G E N E R A L MOTORS 53 HAMILTON STANDARD 49 THE ASHPALT I N S T I T U T E 55 HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO 35 IBM 8-9 A.T.&T 31 INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER 23 BENDIXCORP 13 KODAK Inside Back Cover BETHLEHEM S T E E L 44 MONSANTO 7 CORNING GLASS WORKS 25 NATIONAL CASH REGISTER 4 DEERE AND CO 48 NAVAL ORDNANCE LABORATORY 1 DELCO RADIO 45 OLIN - MATHIESON 2 DETROIT EDISON 41 PRATT AND WHITNEY AIRCRAFT 28-29 12 DOUGLAS A I R C R A F T CO 12 RCA DUPONT 17 SYLVANIA 37 5 FISHER GOVERNOR CO 56 TIMKEN 33 FORD MOTOR CO 39 U.S. RUBBER WESTINGHOUSE Inside Front Cover GARRETT 16 YOU CAN SHARE IN A GROWTH LIKE THIS Whose growth? Fisher Governor Company, manufac- outstanding cultural and educational environment. turer of automatic controls for any and all fluids, gases Type of work: Fisher offers a rewarding challenge to or air that flow through pipe. We are the leader in our the graduate engineer (BS and MS) who is interested growing industry. Our sales have shown a relatively in design and development, research and test, sa e steady rise during the past decade (from 18-million to 41.5-million—a 130% increase in just ten years). or manufacturing. See chart above. Our products—control valves, pres- Advancement: Coupled with Fisher's policy to promote sure regulators, liquid level controls and instruments- from within, advancement opportunities reflect a grow- are key elements in industrial automation. ing company within a growing industry. Location: Fisher is basically an "Engineering" com- If a growing company like ours appeals to you, consult pany with 1,500 employees located in a pleasant Iowa your placement office or write directly to Mr. community of 22,000. It's less than 10 minutes to the Mullen, Employee Relations Manager, FISHER GOV- modern Fisher plant and engineering facilities from ERNOR COMPANY, Marshalltown, Iowa. any home in Marshalltown. The community has an An Equal Opportunity Employer engineering have strong partisans among the The Mechanical engineer who decides to join forces with us upon completion of his formal men from whose ranks a newcomer can pick his education will discover soon enough that the boss here. biggest part of his education is still ahead of him. The hard-boiled way—The nice part about This cliche can be interpreted two ways. being an engineer here is that a man can find a level of sophistication to suit his interests even The literal way-"Line spread function" mathe- without risking the shifting sands of internation- matizes certain aspects of image structure in al policy. We are plainly, frankly, proudly, and oPtical theory. Very few mechanical engineers gloriously commercial. We need men to whom to shelter behind academic ivy long enough to get teach the technical subtleties of making money that deep into other men's games. If, for example, from satisfying the everyday needs of people and we need mechanical engineers capable of com- of business. When done properly, it can be as municating with our optical physicists for a challenging to the intellect as the work of the common purpose-and we have such purposes in engineer across the road who gets the same sig- our little-known but heavy aerospace commit- nature on his paycheck for ideas on palpating ments-wehad better provide the right fertilizer for ivy the moon. ourselves. So we do. Some of the more Drop us a line. sophisticated current ideas on what constitutes Advancement in a Big Company: How it Works pendent companies. Since each de- Q Yes, but just how often do these partment is responsible for its own opportunities arise? success, each man's share of author- ity and responsibility is pinpointed. A. To give you some idea, 25 percent Believe me, outstanding performance of G-E's gross sales last year came is recognized, and rewarded. from products that were unknown only five or ten years ago. These new products range from electric tooth Q. Can you tell me what the "promo- brushes and sihcone rubber com- tional ladder" is at General Electric? pounds to atomic reactors and inter- planetary space probes. This chang- A. We regard each man individually. ing Company needs men with ambi- Whether you join us on a training tion and energy and talent who aren't program or are placed in a specific afraid of a big job—who welcome the position opening, you'll first have to challenge of helping to start new • Charles K. Rieger joined General Elec- prove your ability to handle a job. businesses like these. Demonstrate tric's Technical Marketing Program after Once you've done that, you'll be given your ability—whether to handle com- earning a BSEE at the University of Mis- more responsibility, more difficult plex technical problems or to manage souri in 1936. Following sales engineering projects—work that's important to people, and you won't have long to assignments in motor, defense and home the success of your organization and wait for opportunities to fit your laundry operations, he became manager of your personal development. Your abil- needs. the Heating Device and Fan Division in ity will create a "promotional ladder" 1947. Other Consumer-industry management of your own. Q. How does General Electric help positions followed. In 1953 he was elected me prepare myself for advancement a vice president, one of the youngest men opportunity? Q. Will my development be confined ever named a Company officer. Mr. Rieger to whatever department I start in? became Vice President. Marketing Services A. Programs in Engineering, Manu- in 1959 and was appointed to his present facturing or Technical Marketing give position in 1961. He is responsible for all A. Not at all! Here's where "big com- you valuable on-the-job training. We the operations of some six divisions com- pany" scope works to broaden your have Company-conducted courses to posed of 23 product operations oriented career outlook. Industry, and General improve your professional ability no primarily toward the Electric Utility market. Electric particularly, is constantly matter where you begin. Under Tui- changing —adapting to market the tion Refund or Advanced Degree Pro- fruits of research, reorganizing to grams you can continue your formal Q. How can I be sure of getting the maintain proper alignment with our education. Throughout your career recognition I feel I'm capable of earn- customers, creating new operations ing in a big company like G.E.? with General Electric you'll receive to handle large projects. All this rep- frequent appraisals to help your self- resents opportunity beyond the limits development. Your advancement will A. We learned long ago we couldn't of any single department. afford to let capable people get lost. be largely up to you. That was one of the reasons why G.E. was decentralized into more than a hundred autonomous operating de- partments. These operations develop, engineer, manufacture and market products much as if they were inde-