Where can the earth's expanding pop- ulation get the fresh water it needs? most practical solutions to the problem. Westinghouse is prepared tostart We can get it from the endless supply Since 1951, 57 Westinghouse de- building water-desalting facilities to in the sea. salting units have been installed around help solve water deficiencies for coastal Desalting plants offer one of the the world. They are desalting millions cities of anysize—anywhereinthe of gallons of water a day. world. If you still think glass is just glass, ask your printer. Now glass can do what metals can't. Add sharpness and dis- a major new basic material. Yet it is only part of the enormous tinction to printing by flexography and simplify the whole promise in glass. process as well. Ask your printer. Today, glass can be made six times stronger than steel. Or Flexography is the art of printing with rubber plates on flex- as soft as silk. It can bend or not bend. Break or not break. ible materials, such as the paper, film and foil used for packag- Melt or not melt. It can be molded, cast, machined, drawn and ing. Conventionally the r u b b e r l a t e is r e a r e d f r o m a m e t a l P P P pressed. In short, it possesses more useful capabilities than any engraving. Troublee is, rubber tends to exaggerate the tiny irreg- other known material. ularities found in etched metal. For solutions to their materials problems, industry and gov- Then Corning came along with a remarkable method for ernment are coming to Corning. Because Corning is the glass- engraving on glass, every particle of which is photosensitive. master. It's a broad, international company, with one of the The image to be etched is developed all the way through the most daring, expert and imaginative research and engineering glass. staffs in the world. Plus a marketing principle that commits So the etch is deep. clean. Diamond-sharp. The reproduc- them to developing products only in areas where a need exists tion sparkles. Type glitters. The blurred look of rubber plate and no product does. printing is gone. Young engineers seeking challenge, opportunity and ad- Photosensitive glass was developed by Corning. It opens up vancement are invited to write to Career Development Man- aworldofunprecedented applications, like the discovery of ager, Corning Glass Works, Corning, New York. Your career at Boeing began years ago It started, in fact, the day you in 1916, it has expanded into an decided to become an engineer or aggressive, eminently successful scientist. Along the way, you've and still growing organization, developed and learned many of the with sales over $2 billion in 1965. things you'll need to accomplish The power behind this remarkable the challenging assignments await- growth has been a forward-striding ing you at Boeing. attitude, an orientation toward the Why Boeing? Boeing is one of the future which, over the years, has nation's leaders in aerospace. A produced a steady succession substantial backlog of firm con- of pioneering, years-ahead tracts and orders—more than $3 achievements. billion as of December 31, 1965 It's a propitious moment, perhaps, assures a high degree of career to consider a Boeing career. For stability. Boeing activities range further information about career from commercial jetliners and opportunities, write directly to: helicopters through military pro- Mr. T. J. Johnston, The Boeing grams to space flight contracts, Company, P.O. Box 3707, Seattle, offering a broadly diversified spec- Washington 98124. Boeing is an trum of long-term assignments. It's equal opportunity employer. a good combination. Initiative and ability can get you to the top fast. This year Boeing celebrates its 50th Anniversary. From a small shop GARY ROMANS editor ARTICLES TOMMcCLURE artist ENGINEERING SCIENCE PROGRAMS AT M.S.U 6 GEARS BETWEEN THE EARS PART IV SUSAN GOODSELL Dr. Paul Grogan 8 BRIAN GOLUSKA GARY ROMANS COMPUTER PREVENTIVE RICHARD MARETT MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING Gary A. Pniewski 20 ANEW APPROACH TO STUDENT EMPLOYEES Thomas G. Corneil 24 J. RYDER BIG CHANGE IN SMALL CHANGE 29 Visors c. MENSENDICK T. FARRELL DEPARTMENTS G. VANDUSEN MISS ENGINEER 18 ENGRINEERS 26 ADVERTISERS' INDEX 28 An exciting growth curve can be a tantalizing inducement for you to consider a company like Xerox. What's behind the curve is even more important. It all adds up to growth. But it's horizontal as well as The first thing that you will find is that it's made up of vertical. More interdisciplinary than most people realize. more than a single l i n e . . . more than a product line of the world-famous office copiers that continue to provide so We think it's the kind of growth that makes opportuni- much growth impetus. ties like these take on real meaning for the new grad- But the closer you look, the more you'll see of the story behind our growth, and the opening chapters of the new FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED RESEARCH (PhD, MS or growth stories ahead for Xerox and its people. BS in the fields of Physics, Chemistry, Optics and Photo- Now you're getting to the real reasons why we're look- graphic, and Engineering Sciences.) Emphasis here ison ing for more new graduates than ever in the history of Xerox —more than 400 from the classes of '66 alone. experimentation and imaginative problem solving. In the near term, we forecast an ever lengthening list ENGINEERING (BS, MS in ME, EE, ChE. Also, openings of products and systems for offices, schools and govern- for majors in optics, photographic sciences, mathematics ments, on a global scale. Not exclusively new copying ma- chines, but also document management systems which physics and engineering physics.) Emphasis here is on reduce, consolidate and distribute information, making it creativity and imaginative problem solving. more readily accessible to the man who needs it. As fast as he needs it. These are in our R&D pipelines today. MANUFACTURING (BS, MS in ME, EE, IE, ChE, Physics In the longer view, the answers will come from our or Chemistry. Involves instrumentation, methods engineer- deepening studies of graphic communications which em- ing, time study and chemical engineering; costandpro- brace the entire spectrum of communications in a graphic duction control; quality control.) sense: the formulation, reception, transmission, recording, storing, retrieving, processing, copying and presentation of For further information, contact your Placement Director any meaningful images. or write directly to Mr. Stephen G. Crawford, Xerox Corpo- ration, P.O. Box 1540, Rochester, New York 14603. "NEITHER RAIN NOR WHEELS AND SHAFTS. What- WORLD-WIDE CABLES. The EXTRA! EXTRA! This Goss In snow country,mail goes ever you build—wheelbarrows C.S. Long Lines, new Bell Sys- Headliner Mark II press runs through on a Ski-Doo Bom- to steel rolling mills—Timken tem cable-laying ship, is on 70,000 newspapers an hour. bardier tapered roller bearings can the high seas. In its wake, It prints in color. It folds. It P.ower-sled, made by delivers the papers to the load- Bombardier Snowmobile Ltd., help it perform better, longer. thousands of miles of cable, They're precision-made of paid out at eight knots. 2,816 ing dock. Not one Timken Quebec.Itis also used on trap bearing has required prema- n i c k e l - r i c h steel by: The Timken bearings keep the lines, for sports and for haul- Timken Roller Bearing Com- ship's linear cable engine ture replacement. ing supplies. Timken bear- pany, Canton, Ohio. Also operating. ings in the clutch give itt extra makers of Fine Alloy Steel and capacityinasmall space. Rock Bits. NEW PROGRAM IN THE ENGINEERING SCIENCES AT MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY Educational programs in the cupy most of the first two years sics, chemistry, business, med- new Engineering Sciences such of study, and will not require the icine, or the social or biological as Computer Science, Systems student's decision on a major sciences. Science or Materials Science will career area until he can form a Additional credits (about 8 per- be provided through a new cur- mature judgment. This plan also riculum pattern for the Bachelor cent of the total) are available makes entrance into the program for further development of the of Science degree just established easy for students transferring by the College of Engineering, program in any area. Michigan State University. The into engineering education from This new curriculum pattern, new pattern permits the individ- liberal arts or community col- combined with the MSU engineer ual student to select study areas leges at the Junior year. ing plan which permits engineers not previously brought together in Late in the second year, the to carry normal credit loads, win the currlculums of the profes- student will work with his ad- provide a College of Engineering sional engineering fields, and will visor to develop his individual student at Michigan State Univer- also allow easy combination of the program. This program will as- sity with opportunity for selection new fields with supporting studies sure capability in a major en- of a study program suited to mod from other engineering areas or gineering area; the major will ern needs of business and indus in business management, medi- require a minimum of 42 quarter try, and which will also provide cine, the social sciences, or the credits, comprising 23 percent supporting proficiencies in phy physical sciences. It is antici- of the curriculum. sical or social sciences, busi- pated that additional major areas The student's choice of major ness, medicine, or other appro- in the Engineering Sciences will study area will be broadened by priate areas as well. be developed. the addition of minor programs in two academic fields, each This new curriculum pattern The new MSU program calls chosen to complement and sup- is immediately available for stu- for normal academic loads of 15 port the major area; these min- dents reaching Junior standing. credits per term, adding to 180 For those students preferring to quarter credits (120 semester ors will require a minimum of major in the professional en- hours) for the four-year B.S. 40 credits, or 22 percent of the gineering fields, the College will degree. The student will under- total time. Only one minor may continue to offer curriculums in take a core program comprising be selected from an engineering Agricultural Engineering,Chem field, but when suitable both min- ical Engineering, Civil Engineer- 47 percent of the total in basic mathematics, chemistry, phy- ors may be taken in areas of work ing, E l e c t r i c a l Engineering, Me- sics, introductory computer pro- outside of the College of Engi- chanical Engineering, and Metal- gramming, and general education neering. Possible minor areas lurgy. Graduate work is available courses in the MSU University might include the Engineering in t h e s e fields and inthenew College. This core area will oc- Sciences, or be chosen from fields, as well. mathematics, statistics, phy- Don't sign up until you read the fine print. LAY THAT SLIDE RULE DOWN, \ OR "Using the gears between the ears" PART FOUR FUN WITH APPROXIMATIONS , OR "Near Misses forare The Circle Function,rr : The ratio of the Too' extracting the square root of 10. By methods circumference of a circle to its diameter, , explained therein, J\5 * 3 1/7. T h e r e is his- is clearly defined in mathematics as being a torical evidence to indicate that J 10 and 3 1/ transcendental number. By being transcendental were once thought to be synonymous and, more- it is meant that the number may not be ex- over, both were thought to represent the circle presaed exactly by any finite succession of function exactly. Integers expressing a decimal fraction. For- Other interesting algebraic numbers that were tunately, however, may be approximated by once t h o u g h t to represent Tf include (4/3) , any Of several infinite series arrays. One of the (7/4)2 t ^£5 113/3-55; N o t e the sequence 0 simplest of these insofar as appearances are integers in the last example. A large book was concerned Is due to Leibniz, simultaneous in- once written with no greater thesis than tr ventor of the calculus with Newton, 5T« (4/3)4 •-- 256/81 = 3.16. . . The invention of the decimal system in the [13 5 7 9 (2n-l)J fifteenth century made it possible to express This series h;is the unpleasant feature of con- TT to any desired number of places without seek verglng very slowly upon the ultimate value ing a particularly clever combination of fractions of . It is apparent from FUN WITH RECIP- for the purpose. In fact, one of the earliest ROCALS that after as many as 10,000 terms recorded uses of the decimal fraction was by the series continues to fluctuate exasperatingly a little known Arabian mathematician in ex- in the fiftth decimal place. Moreover, there is pressing-jc to 17 decimal places, the first 13 very little additional accuracy to be gained of which were correct. in adding 1/19,999 and then subtracting 1/20,001. Common practice today in reasonably sophis- The net adjustment to the approximation of ft" by ticated circles is to use the decimal fraction, the inclusion of these two terms is precisely 3.1416, as being a logical and practical mathe- 2/399,999,999 or approximately 0.000000005! You matical equivalent for 7T . Nevertheless,this can see, therefore, that this particular infinite latter-day approximation probably adds unrea- series is working on the ninth decimal place sonably to the labor involved in a great many while trying to effect an improvement in the ac- simple problems. The difference between 22/7 curacy of the fifth decimal place. Fortunately, or 3.1429 and 3.1416 is observed to be less other series have been developed that result than 13 parts in 31,400, or less than1part in a much more rapid convergence upon the in 2,400. To draw an analogy, the indiscretion value of It*. in using 22/7 rather than 3.1416 for JCissimilar Farly history records values of 3, /TO", and to flattering a young lady attired in abathingsuit 3 1/3 as being used for this ratio. In our earliest by estimating the critical dimensions as being encounters with TCwe were taught to express it a well-rounded 36-26-36 rather than being a simply as 22/7, or 3 1/7. It is interesting to scientific prude and insisting upon 35.985- apply a technique from FUN WITH RECIPROCALS 25.990 - 35.985 inches, respectively. Moreover, Attention to detail is an old and in this case we found ours in In space, on land or beneath the sea Bell System habit. Or maybe you call Cassiopeia A, a strong and stable — wherever we operate —we go into it troughness. Or follow-through. radio star that is always visible from things thoroughly. Anyway, we attended to an interesting Andover. We measured the noise Sometimes we know when not power from Cassiopeia A during dry to come in out of the rain. detail recently-the effect of rain on the microwave link between a periods, and then measured the reduction during rainy periods. The * * * communications satellite a nd our You may well find a rewarding career pioneer ground station antenna result could be expressed as a at Andover, Maine. formula and employed accurately in in the Bell System, where people designing future ground stations. find solutions to unusual problems. If we could but measure the rain's Bell System Companies are equal The initial success of our Telstar® opportunity employers. Arrange effect, we could improve the design of satellite ground stations. satellites proved the feasibility for an on-campus interview The question was how. of communicating via space. through your Placement Office, or talk But it also opened the door-or the to a local Bell System Company. Well,. you often have to take your laboratory tools where you find them, heavens—to a whole new technology which we are now busily exploring in every detail. fore the expression at right above reduces a beauty contest judge is neither ethical nor to the simpler form: discrete if he pursues the determination of the fundamental dimensions to such a high degree of BHP/cyl - 1.19PLD 2 N 100,000 It may be that you are all but offended by the previous illustration. Then consider an example where the three significant figures, 119=31,416 that offers an opportunity to cancel a seven from divided by 33 x 4 x 2. The number 100,000 the numerator where Jt is a multiplier. Problems in the denominator merely serves to locate the of this kind beg of use of 22/7 as a substitute decimal place properly. for rr. For instance, the circumference of a The right-hand equation above may be reduced pipe or duct with a seven-inch outside diameter is quite obviously 22 Inches; well nor exactly, but 21.99 inches. The latter dimension might be BHP - 19.Q4NT significant in very precise work, but it would 100,000 seldom affect the outcome of ordinary measure- where N is measured in revolutions per minute ments since the actual circumference of the and the torque, T, is expressed in pound-feet. seven inch pipe or duct will vary with the temper- Such devices a r e convenient in developing ature, the internal pressure, the degree of brake horsepower relationships for a given engine concentricity, and the external finish. where additional design variables are known When precision requires that 3.1416 be used and may be worked into the constants expressed for IT , we happen to be blessed with a very above. fortunate combination of integers. That particular Combining the two equations, sequence of five digits contains no less than nun/ i 19.04NT/cyl - 1.19PLD2N seven prime factors: BHP/cyl - ioo,OOO 100,000 (2x2x2)x3x7xllxl7 * 31,416 - IO.OOOJT These several prime factors, in turn, lead to an The pound-feet of brake torque per cylinder may imposing array of over 60 integer divisors with be expressed in t e r m s of the brake mean ef- zero remainder. Some of these divisors appear fective p r e s s u r e and the engine dimensions for below: any four-stroke, single-acting engine by solving for the torque, T, in the pair of expressions Table 1. Partial List of Exact Divisors of 31,- above: r. 416. or 10.00071 T/cyl _ 1,19PLD 2 N, 100,000 _.PLD2 pound 2 3 4 6 7 8 11 12 100,000 " 19.04N 16 14 17 21 22 24 28 33 34 The preceding is an exact expression, where 42 4(, 51 56 66 68 77 84 1.19/19.04 is precisely 1/16. The same result Bfl 102 119 132 136 154 168 187 could have been obtained by cancelling TT from the two original BHP equations and reducing I he product of the last two divisors appearing each of them to the simpler form in terms in the table above is expressed: 168 x 187 of a single numerical constant as we have '.'U,416. Other factors of 31,416, some 30 in done above. However, a typical group of student all, may be found hy dividing the near equivalent engineers given the task of deriving the desired of 10,000jf by each of the remaining values constants will introduce a standard deviation in reported above. their answers of at least three per cent and Many of the 60 possible exact divisors of stand fast in their opinion that what has evolved 31,416 are commonly arrayed against JT across is simply an unavoidable slide rule error. the line of division in problems from mathe- Trigonometric Functions: We would like to matics, physics, and courses in engineering. recall the statement of a fundamental trigono- For instance, the brake horsepower equations, metric proof: BHP - - I P ^ a n d BHP - 2 ^ NT,' 33,000 33,000 contain many common factors in both the de- nominator and the numerator. In general, the length of stroke is L inches, the cylinder bore is D inches, the brake mean effective pressure is P pounds per square inch, and the number of power strokes per minute is one-half the revolutions per minute for the four-stroke cycle VI the typical internal c o m b u s t i o n engine, or . J •I former equation given above may be reduced to very much simpler terms for the brake horsepower per engine cylinder BHP/cyl -PLAN 1 . PLJT? D2N 33,000 33,000(4)2 , 31.416PT T)2M 10,000(33,000)4(2) 4But we 2,note - and all,from are TABLE 1, above factors of 31,416. that 33, There- RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES IN HIGHWAY ENGINEERING The Asphalt Institute Suggests Projects in 5 Vital Areas Phenomenal advances in roadbuilding Materials Specifications and pavements need further study. The re- techniques during the past decade have Construction Quality-Control. cent use of much thicker lifts in as- made it clear that continued highway phalt pavement construction suggests Needed are more scientific methods the need for new studies to develop research is a must. of writing specifications, particularly and refine techniques of compaction Here are five important areas of for determining rejection and accept- highway design and construction that to obtain the densities desired. ance criteria. Also urgently needed America's roadbuilders need to know are speedier methods for quality con- Conservation and Beneficia- more about. trol tests at construction sites, such as tion of Aggregates. If you or your department are plan- improved air- or water-permeability ning research studies, you can make In light of greatly increased road and procedures for controlling pavement important contributions to highway street construction, in which high- density. grade materials are being used in technology through projects in one or Drainage of Pavement abundance, the conservation of ag- more of these areas: Structures. gregates has become a pressing re- quirement. A study of the use of As- Rational Thickness Design Better and more positive methods are phalt in membrane form to envelop and Materials Evaluation. needed in this area. Suggested are ex- low-quality base courses and soils Much remains to be done in the re- periments with two-layer systems and would be helpful. Other procedures finement of thickness design concepts investigations of differing roadbed utilizing Asphalt also could be studied. forasphaltpavement structures. Re- cross sections. searchisrequired in areas of asphalt For basic background information on rheology, behavior mechanisms of in- Compaction of Pavements, Asphalt construction and technology dividual and combined layers of the Traditional Lifts and at no cost, fill in and mail the coupon. pavementstructure,stageconstruc- Thicker Lifts. tionandPavement strengthening by Rolling procedures, compaction equip- Asphalt overlays. ment and compaction testing-methods Traffic e v a l u a t i o n ) e s s e n t i a l f o r for traditional thin lifts of asphalt thicknessdesign, requires the develop- ment of improved procedures for uti- lizing loadometer and other traffic data.Thesenewproccedureswill more adequatelypermitconversion of mixed traffic loads into terms of 18,000-lb single-axleloadsas required by de- sign guides of the American Associa- tion of State Highway Officials, The others Als needed are Asphalt Institute and dicting better future traffic volimes andmethods - o for pre- characteristics. Needed: bearings that can turn at 50,000 rpm. higher speeds? At SKF, we're re- U.S.A. Applications range from space- Thesescalemodelsareused in wind- craft to construction machinery. And tunneltestsfortheM a c h 3 S STsuper- searching for this now. And for bear- tomorrow? Wherever progress calls sonic transport. SKF Industries, Inc. ings that can operate at 1,000°F. Or under pressures of tons per square for new advances in Motion Research is prime contractor for rolling bear- inch in the hydrospace. and Engineering —you'll find SKF" ings in this fascinating project. SKF makes every type of rolling bear- bearings. Write for our brochure, Form No. 515, to Dept. 889-00. After that, what? Even faster aircraft, ing—the most complete line in the calling for bearings capable of even CONTINUED FROM PAGE 12 Cosines of angles, say between 0° and 30° , by the foregoing approximation are also prac- tical sine values for the angles between 90° and 60° A similar statement may be made about the earlier sine function development where cosines of angles between 80° and 90° may be found by evaluating the sine over the recom- mended ten-degree range. Strangely, these approximations are about the only practical tool for expressing the functions of extremely small angles such as are encountered in the most exacting of sciences, astronomy. Thus the sine or tangent and the cosine of one s e c o n d of a r c b e c o m e 0.000004848137 and 0.999999999988, respectively. I In- sun and the moon alternately dominate the appearance of the heavens. The full moon and the sun each subtend approximately 30 minutes of arc. This may be classed as a small angle suitable to these approximations as we have seen above. On the other hand, the apparent positions of even the closest stars as viewed from opposite sides of the earth's orbit - - a t six months' intervals - - change in the approxi- mate magnitude of one second of arc due to this parallax. We therefore see that a science as precise ae astronomy is forced to use the a p - proximation methods we have derived above. Another useful application of these approxima- tion methods is the elimination of sine and cosine functions from a great many emprical equations where the range of angles a r e appropriately limited. Trade-offs. Defense industries practice and, for all of that matter, the very art of engineering design consists of a technique called trade- offs. Examples of trade-offs are compromises between weight and reliability for space vehicles, between efficiency and cost for electric motors, between style and utility for automobiles, between comfort and wear for clothes, etc. Economists speak of a law of diminishing returns. This rule applies generally to a single objective, which Very often yields less and less incremental return as one pursues the objective with greater and greater investment of time, material, effort or money. Sophisticated techniques in the handling of trade-offs require that one deal with two or more returns or yields simultaneously and a r - rive at the optimum expenditure in terms of the ratio of input to yield. Thus we see life is made up of a succession of trade-offs in which judgment, common sense, tradition or social pressure enter into the decisions one makes Needless to say, whether defense industry o r - dinary engineering design, or the conduct of one s personal life, the ability to handle trade- offs with wisdom and dispatch has a great in- fluence upon the satisfactions one derives from Where will YOU stand 10 years from today, when half of what you now know becomes obsolete? we've found it's the best way for Your first opportunity with IBM starts IBM to grow. with your placement officer. And with the IBM interviewers when they come Today IBM is a leader in science to your campus. See them—and leam and technology. A dynamic company why you won't stand still at IBM. whose people and systems are at work on almost everything new in the For more information, or if world today. The discovery of new you missed our interviewers, write to: knowledge. The design of new Manager of College Relations products. The development of new IBM Corporate Headquarters solutions to a host of problems. IBM Armonk, New York 10504 is an exciting company that enables you to stay technologically "hot" IBM is an Equal Opportunity Employer. Right now you're steeped in the latest technologies. But 10 years from now throughout your career—and provides you with real opportunity for advancement. IBM. half of this knowledge will be obsolete. And half of what you will need to know isn't even available today. To keep up, an increasing professional That's IBM. educational training supported We want We another to to you'll offer by graduate haveofto programs-from help study. the amount good you you company. astudy reason grow broadspend your programs because for on-job choice time joining in of Expanding military and commercial business has created even more openings. As you contemplate one of the most important decisions you have yet had to make, we suggest you consider joining us at Pratt & Whitney Aircraft. Like most every- one else, we offer all of the usual " f r i n g e " benefits, including our Corporation-financed Graduate Education Program. But, far more important to you and your future, is the wide-open opportunity for professional growth with a company that enjoys an enviable record of stability. You will be working on challenging new prob- lems of propulsion. And make no mistake about i t . . . you'll get a solid feeling of satisfaction from your contribution to our nation's economic growth and to 'ts national defense as well. CAROLYN CANDLER 1900 1905 Engineering Ball Queen COMPUTER PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING ABSTRACT C o m p u t e r programming for life should be improved because The program has been written preventive maintenance schedul- of a decrease in missed main- such that it is completely flex- ing is the most o p e r a t i o n a l tenance functions. All in all, ible for compressor station use. method of complete scheduling good care of machinery through The input depends on calendar available. It has been wholly ac- preventive maintenance will lead date and engine running hours, cepted and utilized at the Mich- to increased profits. Also, good igan Gas Storage Freedom Com- although it could relate to any of pressor Station. scheduling will give the preven- many variables, such as: (rpm) tive maintenance crews more X(time), percentage of running PREVENTIVE confidence in the work they p e r - time, (load or horsepower) X MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING form. Good scheduling helps to (time), etc. Thus, the input can P r e v e n t i v e maintenance show the interest management easily be adapted to any form s c h e d u l i n g can be improved places upon its machinery, thus deemed necessary with very lit- through the use of a computer. acknowledging to the maintenance tie deviation in the actual pro- It is an economical, quick and crews that their work is not in gram. Also, the number of main- accurate method of scheduling all vain. tenance f u n c t i o n s , which are maintenance functions with very stored on tape, can be easily little work involved. A flexible, COMPUTER USAGE. Consum- increased, decreased or changed low input program can easily be ers P o w e r Company has d e - completely. If, for instance, an written. veloped such a computer p r o - engine is added to or removed IMPORTANCE OF GOOD gram for their compressor sta- from a station, its preventive SCHEDULING. The actual sav- tions. It is presently being used maintenance functions are easily ings will be hard to calculate, at Michigan Gas Storage's F r e e - added to or removed from the but the uniformity of preventive dom Compressor Station. At this stored tape by rerunningtheor- maintenance man-hours and the station there are 291 preventive maintenance functions to be p e r - iginal functions' deck with the distribution of oil, grease and incorporated changes. Acostof replacement parts throughout the f o r m e d at specific intervals. Some of these necessary func- approximately $5.30 perweekis year will emphasize the impor- incurred as the station takes tance of good scheduling. The tions depend on calendar date while others depend on engine weekly advantage ofthispro- reduction in shut down time, be- gram. cause of improved machine care, running hours, i.e., some main- will improve total production, tenance o p e r a t i o n s a r e p e r - formed every few months, while This computer program can thus adding to the importance of also be used for future preven- complete preventive maintenance others are performed after a tive maintenanceplanning.Its scheduling. E n g i n e or machine specific number of hours run by input can be up-dated (six months, an engine. Here are 7 knotty problems facing the Air Force: can you help us solve one? 6. Space propulsion. As our space flights cover greater and greater distances, pro- pulsion—more than any- thing else—will become the limiting factor. New fuels and new propulsion tech- niques must be found, if we are to keep on exploring the mysteries of space. And it may well be an Air Force scientist on his first assign- ment who makes the big breakthrough! 7. Pilot performance. Important tests must still be made to determine how the pilots of manned aero- spacecraft will react to I. Repairs in space. If something goes long periods away from wrong with a vehicle in orbit, how can it the earth. Of course be fixed? Answers must be found, if large- not every new Air _ scale space operations are to become a Force officer be reality. For this and other assignments Air comes involved in research and develop- F °rce scientists and engineers will be 4. Space orientation. The orbital prob- ment right away. But where the most ex- wiled on to answer in the next few years, lems of a spacecraft, including its ability citing advances are w e need the best brains available. to maneuver over selected points on the taking place, young earth, are of vital importance to the mili- 2 - Lunar landing. The 0- Air Force scientists, tary utilization of space. There are plenty exactcomposition of administrators, of assignments for young .Air Force physi- pilots, and engineers the lunar surface, as cists in this area. are on the scene. well as structural and Propulsion char- Want to find out how you fit into the actetistics of the space Air Force picture? Contact your nearest vehicle, enter into Air Force representative, or mail the cou- this Problem. Important study remains to pon today. be done-and, as an Air Force officer, you could be the one to do it! 3. Life-support biology. The filling of metabolic nee ds over very extended peri- odsoftime in space is one of the most fascinating subjects that Air Force scientists are in- 5. Synergetic plane changing. The abil- vestigating. The results ity of a spacecraft to change altitude can promise to have vital ram- also be crucial to space operations. Where ifications for our life on but in the Air Force could Sc.B.'s get the earth, as well, as in outer chance to work on such fascinating proj- space. ects right at the start of their careers? CONTINUED FROM P AG E 20 ing in the engines' hours. This generator, etc. I hope this il- one year, etc.), by estimating the 48 hour delay is small in com- lustrates the fact that this pro- number of engine hours run over parison to the maintenance func- gram can schedule all the pre- the desired time span, so as to tion intervals. ventive maintenance for the com- see what preventive maintenace GENERAL PROGRAM DES- plete plant or station very easily. operations will have to be per- CRIPTION. With this program, formed during this period. Major scheduled maintenace of equip- On any computer run, the en- overhauls are included among ment is maintained. At specific gine hours for any individual en- the preventive maintenance func- intervals (usually weekly) t h e gine function can be changed on tions, therfore, advance notice of hours which each engine has run the tape. This is done with sig- six months or a year can help during the interval and the cur- nal card telling how many func- considerably to alleviate many rent date is fed into the program tion e n g i n e hours are to be maintenance planning problems. on data cards; one card per changed and then a card which If an engine is due for an over- engine plus a current date card. designates the numerical loca- haul during this time, arrange- The program checks each of the tion from the first engine func- ments can he m;ide well enough in numerous maintenance functions, tion and the new engine hours advance so as to lessen pumping which are stored on tapes, to for the numerical location. This problems during the actual over- see if any is due to be performed. program also contains many er- hauling operations. The program does this by adding ror messages which are printed on the output sheet at the ap- propriate time. The adaptation of this program to any preventive maintenance industrial use is easily foreseen. It can be used anywhere equip- ment is run at changing intervals, thus making it a very feasible program for use in almost any industrial situation. Any additional information re- garding this computer program of preventive maintenance sched- uling can be obtained from Con- sumers P o w e r Company, Gas P r o d u c t i o n and Transmission Department, Jackson, Michigan. This program has been opera- tional at the F r e e d o m Com- up the total engine hours run pressor Station for four months since the last time the function and everyone, presently, has only was performed and comparing it the highest regards for it. It has to the frequency of the function accomplished everything it set If the total hours are less than out to do: ease of handling, low the frequency number (ex: 3500 cost, speed, accuracy and also hrs. in less than a 4400hrs fre- scheduling only 5-15 functions quency f or sleeve clearance per week. The scheduling of only check) the computer just stores 5-15 p r e v e n t i v e maintenance the information, but if the total functions per week allows them to hours exceed the frequency, a be performed on schedule without maintenance request i s P r i n ted falling behind. out on the output sheet. The out- Each week the engine hours put sheet contains the machine are phoned into the Jackson, number and d e s c r i p t i o n the Michigan, office. Here they are maintenance description, lubri- put on computer cards and the cant (if any), frequency, hours last scheduled and total engine program is run. The output sheet hours (if related to hours and which describes the preventive not date). the date frequency maintenance functions to be per- functions are such things as: formed is mailed to the station. change oil in lake water pump, The station usually receives the check oil in air compressor, output sheet two days after phon- service air cleaner for auxiliary WHAT IS A PROJECT ENGINEER? AT U N I V A C . . . . . . a typical PROJECT ENGINEEER is about 28 years old, has completed two or three design assignments, and this is the first firm he's worked for. He works in an Engineering Department which has about 100 personnel. He is responsible for all facets of a development. He will have direct responsibility over two to five other engineers, and from five to ten technicians, he will be responsible for other func- tions related to design such as reliability, design drafting, prototype construction, documentation and manuals. On smaller programs he will be indirectly responsible for the fabrication, checkout, environmental testing and delivery of all production units. His administrative tasks will include planning, scheduling, performing merit reviews on the personnel assigned to him. He will have to coordinate with Con- tracts Personnel the basic contract, changes in scope and all fiscal project re- porting. With Marketing he will have to cooperate in selling additional business to the same and other customers. This will require that he generate technical proposals, perform cost estimates and make presentations to management so they can determine if further use can be made of this development. Atypical example of a PROJECT ENGINEER is Dean Morgan. He joined UNIVAC upon his graduation in 1960, and was assigned to he Memory Engineering Department. For wo years he was engaged in the circuit and logic design of a thin film control memory for the UNIVAC 1107 computer, and a com- puter developed for the U. S. Navy. During me last assignment, Dean was given the re- sponsibility of Proposal Manager for devel- oping a proposal a n d c o s t estimate for a small low power data buffer memory to be used in a deep space experiment to be con- ducted by Jet Propulsion Laboratories. This wastheManner IV Program. in writing the proposal Dean became the most likely candidate to head up the pro- gram should we win. As it turned out, UNIVAC was awarded the contract for the design,developmentand fabrication of flight models of a data buffer memory system. A NEW APPROACH TO STUDENT EMPLOYEES College students are becoming which in turn has caused more come here from other depart- less interested in working for our students to seek employment at ments within the university colleges and universities which is this organization. strictly because of these working causing serious problems for un- conditions. The job of the student iversity departments which em- By giving a higher starting employee is a great challenge. ploy students. The Distribution wage to new employees the at- Seldom are two assignments car- Services Division of the Instruc- traction to this organization be- ried out under similar conditions. tional Media Center at Michigan came greater. Regular raises and The student must use his own State University has formulated merit wage increases to deserv- judgement and be able to work n new policy concerning student ing students are also given. The for people under all conditions employees which has proved very starting wage now paid is higher Seldom is this opportunity found successful. than wages paid by other depart- in other university departments. ments which also have no policy If university departments are of giving raises to student em- In connection with the study to continue to give top quality ployes. Students have also been made of student employees a service, a new and positive ap- given the opportunity to hold random sample of the student proach to student employees must supervisory positions. Students body was also studied. A great be found, are permitted to work as their number of students said that they With seldom exception, depart- class schedule allows and are would rather use a loan or schol- ments in our universities and col- never asked to miss a class per- arship than to hold a part-time leges which employ students as iod to accept an assignment. job while in college. With the in- part-time employees are being c r e a s e d availability of these confronted with a serious prob- The student employee is en- loans and scholarships more stu- lem; the i n a b i l i t y to attract couraged to use his own initi- dents ?re going to use them in enough students to fill necessary ative and judgement when the need preference to a job. This is ev- job openings. University food arises. This has given the stu- idence that those students who service and r e s i d e n c e halls dent a feeling of greater inde- are employed at the Distribu- m a i n t e n a n c e are constantly pendence while on an assignment. tion Services Division are there hampered by this problem. because they enjoy their work As a result of this policy, stu- Another field which had asim- dent employees are staying with and as a result, are dedicated ilar problem was the department the organization longer periods of employees to this organization. of audio-visual instruction. The time and their operating effici- Distribution Services Division of ency has greatly increased. A This organization has found a the Instructional Media Center at study of these student employees workable solution to its prob- Michigan State University em- was recently completed and the lem in developing a new policy ploys approximately 60 students results are very encouraging. concerning student employees. for the purpose of operating au- The great majority of these stu- The need to recruit new stu dio-visual equipment and provid- dents are completely satisfied dents has dropped to a minimun ing classroom assistance to in- with wages, working conditions, and the quality of the work of structors on the campus. Three and working hours, and feel that the student employee has greatly years ago, this same organization the organization is doing an ex- increased. Today this organiza- employed only 45 students for cellent job. The need to recruit tion handles twice the number this same purpose. In this same new students to replace those of service requests that it did three year period, service re- lost through normal turnover and three years ago with only a quests doubled. As a result, five to increase the number of em- small increase in the number requests a day had to be refused ployees when requests increase of student employees. due to a lack of students to take has been cut back considerably. In view of what has been done the assignments. Most new employees come to the by the Distribution Service Di- Center seeking employment after vision of the Instructional Media Today the Distribution Serv- talking to a present employee. Center at Michigan State uni- ices Division has all but solved versity it would seem advisable this problem. This was accom- Many students seek employ- for other university departments plished by making the job of the ment at the Distribution Services to follow suit. This organization student employee more attractive Division because of the excellent is proof that such a policy will working conditions. S t u d e n t s work. Think Power Think diesel power to drive bines and aerospace equipment also are important parts of a truck as big as a house. T h i n k p o w e r f o r t h e f u n of our POWER complex. At IH, POWER is a 2-billion-dollar-a- it, t o year plus business, with research and engineering one of carry just two people and their cam P i n 9 gear. Think gas our biggest budget items. We need engineers! We espe- turbine power. think marine Power. Think rockets and mis- cially need mechanical, industrial, agricultural, metallurgi- siles, and farm equipment and earthmovers. Think about a cal, general and civil engineers. If you're an engineering careerwithinternational Harvester. Our 4,000 engineers graduate who is intrigued by POWER and its unlimited and technicians are thinking power for every purpose from applications, you should find yourself right at home with us. rocket thrust combustion chambers to gas turbine tractors and trucks. We're the world's largest producer of heavy- Interested? Contact your Placement Officer now for a date to see an IH p r o d u c e r of f a r m a n d representative when he visits your campus. Or if interviews are not sched- duty trucks, a major construction uled, write directly to the Supervisor of College Relations, International equipment-and we're doing very nicely in steel. Gas Harvester tur- Company, 401 North Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. The S a x o n flunky reported, A M.E. was speeding across No d o u b t the saying "come "Sire, Lady Godiva rides with- the M.S.U. campus when he was a c r o s s " was originated shortly out." stopped by a Kampus Kop. after the invention of twin beds. Glancing outside, his master " L e t ' s see your l i c e n s e , " said, "Very tactfully put, my man." mumbled the K.K. The M.E. said nothing. Se "What's your name?" We hear some freshman engi- Still without a reply, the M.E. n e e r s think that a neckerchief is casually reached inside the glove the president of a sorority. Some girls just can't take a compartment, and p u l l e d out a Joke, but others prefer one to no stick of gum. Upon unwrapping date at all. it he rolled the tinfoil into a ball Anyone can play bridge, but and handed it to the bewildered it takes a cannibal to throw up K.K. a really good hand. Se " H e r e , " he said, " t h i s silver bullet should explain who I a m . " The civil engineer said that he Se didn't know what you call what he and his girl did in the park, but so far as he's concerned, Si After a shipwreck a parrot and The leader of the new White Muslim movement, now being or- baseball and tennis have had it - _ ganized will be known as Talcum from now on. ~ an old maid found themselves the only survivors. They floated on X the raft together for two days in absolute silence, until finally the ' Se Se parrot said, "Bawk, how's your An I.E. was discovered by his wife one night standing over his old fanny?" Mother (on entering the room "Oh, shut up," scowled the old baby's c r i b . Silently she watched u n e x p e c t e d l y ) — " W e l l I maid. him. As he stood looking down never..." "Mine, too," remarked the at the sleeping infant, she saw in Daughter - "Oh, Mother, you parrot. "Must be the salt water." his face a mixture of emotions must have!" that she had never seen before- Two old maids went for a tramp s! rapture, admiration, doubtdes pair, e c s t a c y , incredulity- Touched and wondering alike at his unusual parental attitude and in the woods. He got away. Love — the delusion that one the conflicting emotions, his wife, woman differs from another. with her eyes glistening, arose and slipped her arm around him Jack and Jill went up a hill " A penny for your thoughts," Upon a moonlight ride; 5e she said in a tremulous voice. When Jack came back, He blurted them out: For the One eye was black, On the tombstone of an atheist: life of me, I don't see how any- His pal, you see, had lied. "All dressed up and no place to body can make a crib like that go." for $3.49!" To build a rectangular color TV tube with more of a picture than the earlier round tube type, and then squeeze it into a dimensionally attractive cabinet—you face almost insurmountable challenges. Just to build a conventional color tube, you must. . . 1. —with absolute precision, lay more than a million red, blue, and green phosphor dots in a perfect triad pattern over the entire surface of the picture screen. Why so tough?-because the light source for the dots is a single ray coming through a pinhole. And it must be bent by a correction lens with precise mathematical cal- culation (different for each dot) to pass through over a third-of- a-million pinholes and fall exactly at a given spot on the screen. 2. —Once you've figured out the phosphor dots, you must then bend the electron beam broadcast by the TV station so that it too passes through the third-of-a-million pinholes. These are just some of the feats you must perform. But after going through all this, you wind up with a tube with a neck so long it requires a cabinet nearly a yard deep to hold it. To shorten the neck requires mathematical calculations and engineering techniques so demanding they fall beyond any brief description. The complexity of the 23-inch rectangular color tube develop- ment is considered by some of our consumer products engineers even more of a technological challenge than designing some of the sophisticated command systems required for space flights. Motorola military engineers tend to disagree. But now that we've brought it up, Motorola has accomplished both. A.T. & T 9 MALLEABLE FOUNDERS SOCIETY.... 28 ALLISON DIV. of GENERAL MOTORS . . . 31 MOTOROLA 27 THE ASPHALT INSTITUTE 11 PRATT and WHITNEY AIRCRAFT . . . 16 & 17 BELL AEROSYSTEMS 7 SKF INDUSTRIES 13 BETHLEHEM STEEL 32 TIMKEN 5 BOEING CORP 2 UNIVAC 23 CORNING GLASS WORKS 1 U.S. AIR FORCE 21 IBM 15 XEROX CORP 4 INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER 25 STRENGTH One of the outstanding properties of Malleable Iron Castings The decision to mint a dadded coin rather than a single metal or alloy piece, such as the present minor coins (pennies and nickels), was necessitated by the re quirements of the vending machine. Ex Big Change plains the U.S. Mint Director: "Only a composite type of coin could be engi- neered to duplicate the electrical propei- ties of the Former 90 per cent silver coins. And these properties had to be preserved in Small Change cious metal," answers Miss Eva Adams, to forestall the need of retooling the na- tion's coin-operated machines. (There arc roughly 12 million such ma chines and devices in the U.S.—from pay T he nostalgic crowd that wistfully telephones to toll highway hoppers to dis- regards the products of the Sixties— Director of the United States Mint. "Over pensers of candy, cigarettes, cosmetics and be they automobiles, houses or wash- the last decade, consumption of silver in countless other items. Half of these ma- ing machines—and laments with plaintive the free world has steadily outpaced pro- chines, at least, have sophisticated sensing sighs that "they don't make 'em the way duction. Between 1960 and 1964, for ex- devices and the process of revamping them they used to" can now apply the assess- ample, consumption rose nearly 190 per would take three years to complete.) ment to a trio of U.S. coins. cent; production was up only 3.5 per cent." In its 174-year history the Mint has Last November, Federal Reserve and traditionally produced its own coin, from During that period industrial consump- member banks received shipments of 263 ingot to end. But with the new coinage tion of silver—most notably in the pho- million freshly minted quarters. The coins system, private industry has been con- tography, electronics and flatware indus- stirred commentary. "They look just a little tracted to provide—temporarily at least— tries—increased by more than 60 million different," said some, eyeing the reddish- laminated strip from which the "sand- ounces. But the biggest drain by far on sup- brown tint that circles the coin's milled wich" coins will be stamped. Du Pont, for ply is the increasing U.S. coin production. edge. "Sound different, too," remarked one, is supplying the Philadelphia Mint In 1960 the Treasury used 46 million with a two-metal laminate in the form of others, noting the quarter's slightly off-key ounces of silver in the minting of new "Detaclad" explosion-bonded clad metals. clunk rather than clink against a metal coins. By 1964 that figure had rocketed desk top. Reason for the differences: The to 203 million ounces as they stepped up shipment was the initial distribution of operations to meet the coin shortage. composite or clad coinage — "sandwich The shortage, Miss Adams comments, quaters" as some are phrasing the new was not a problem of an insufficient sup- coins-and, in point of fact, they're not ply of coin but the unavailability of the making them the way they used to. coin in existence. Coin movements are In the first major alteration in the me- seasonal. The demand for coins begins to talliccontentof subsidiary coin since 1792 build in the fall, peaks in the Christmas Congressenactedlegislation last summer season, and "flowback" (coin returned to removing silver from dimes and quarters Federal Reserve banks and branches by andcuttingits content in the half-dollar commercial banks and others) starts in from90to 40 per cent. Silverless substi- January. However, flowback in 1964 was tutes in the 10- and 25-cent denomina- seriously subnormal. tionsconsistofa pure copper core bonded betweenfacelayers of 75-25 per cent cop- Reasons cited for the scarcity of free- per-nickelalloy.The new four-bit piece, flowing coins included the voracious ap- likewise,isa sandwich" coin—facings of petites of coin-fed machines, speculative 80-20percent silver and copper on a core hoarding in expectation of a price rise in of79-21Percentcopper and silver. silver, "holdback" by businessmen in fear of a lack of coin to meet their own needs, (the metallurgical recipe for the silver and the swelling ranks of coin collectors, dollarremainsunchanged;an acadenow mic estimated to number 8-10 million. point, since Mint presses haven't punched The solution to the problem, maintained outthecartwheel since 1935.) The Treasury department's distribution the Treasury, was to beef up coin produc- of t h e n e w tion—flood the country with coin and thus timetable calls for 3.5 billion negate the fear and profit motives causing composite coins to be in circulation by the shortage. June 30, 1966. During fiscal year 1966- 1967, output may be raised to seven bil- That brought coinmakers face-to-face lion;andwithinthreeyearsitwillbepos- with the dwindling silver supply. "It pre- sible,thoughperhapsnotnecessarytomeetsented," says Miss Adams, "the choice of total subsidary coinge needs with silver- depriving coin of silver or depriving the economy of enough coins to keep it func- less coins. tioning properly." The Treasury recom- Why the extraction of silver? "Because mended the former andCongressconcurred. there's a worldwide shortage of the pre- top, then detonated, and the resulting ex- ment's metal stockpile through refiners who which hypothesizes that "poor money plosion drives the metals together in a firmly cast the pure copper and nickel into prop- drives good money out of circulation.' welded bond without any significant change erly dimensioned "cakes" of copper and Continues Miss Adams: "There'll son in the properties of the respective metals. copper-nickel. With its explosion-bonding be billions of both old and new coins in "Thus far the patented process has been process, Du Pont produces a cladded com- existence, so neither will have the quality most widely applied in producing corro- posite that's over five inches thick in a layer of rarity to make them of any numismatic sion- resistant clad plate for the chemical pro- to core to layer ratio of 1:4:1. value. What's more, by removing the coin- cessing industries," pointsout Dr. Marshall The clad is next reduced by hot-rolling age drain from its silver supply the Treas- Acken, Du Pont clad products sales man- and precision cold-rolling to the thickness ury can keep the price of the metal well ager. " 'Detaclad' metals in a variety of of quarters (.054 inch) or dimes (.041 below the $1.38 an ounce price at which combinations, from stainless steel on cop- inch). The rolling facilities, identical to it would become profitable for speculator per to titanium on carbon steel, have been those used in producing strip for pennies to melt down the old silver coins." used with great success in such things as and nickels, produce coils of composite strip How is the public reacting to the new pressure vessels and heat exchangers." that may yield as many as 5,000 quarters composite coins? Replies one bank official: The measure of success is reflected in or 12,500 dimes per 100 pounds of strip. "Fortunately, we haven't noted an) par- an expansion program now underway that Delivered to the Mint, the coil strip is ticular reaction and this is a case where will bring • fivefold increase in the com- fed into blanking presses where circles of no reaction is a good reaction. Sure. we pany'sexplosion-bonding facilities at Pomp- metal are punched out in coin size. The heard some comments about the appear tonLakes.N.J. blanks are annealed, i.e., heat-softened, ance and 'ring' of the new coins when they Theassignment of furnishing composite and run through stamping presses where were first issued, but the noveltyworeoff strip for coins has introduced a new aspect the coin design is imprinted. The finished quickly and now they seem to be circulat to Du Pout's technology of "bonding with coins then pass across reviewing tables ing without a hitch." a bang," according to Acken. Says he: where each is examined, front and back, Queried about the new "sandwich coins, "Our commercial work has been largely to guard against production misprints that a customer in a supermarket checkout line final gauge cladding, that is, cladding di- comments: I'm not concerned with how might be coveted by collectors. rectly at the specified thickness. Under the they look or feel. The important thing is coin contract, however, we're cladding first, "We're taking every step to see that the new and old coins circulate freely, side by they'll buy as much as the old coins." then conversion-rolling the clad to the side in the economy," asserts Miss Adams. Interjects another shopper, digging for- thickness required for the coins." Further, she doesn't feel that the new coin- lornly into her purse: "Or as little. I he metals used come from the Govern- age is apt to stumble over Gresham's law Your home furnace would be this smalL.if it had an Allison combustor. Even greater advances are on the way—for turbojet and Or... in a i r c r a f t ter minology: the new Allison Combustor turbofan engines. With 30:1 thrust/weight ratios forecast. turns out four t i m e s t h e h e a t release of combustors in Shorter compressors. More efficient combustors. For lift or productionengines.Y et a combustor for a 10,000 Ib. thrust engine can be held in one hand. cruise engines. It's an Allison breakthrough in lightweight engine tech- Advanced lightweight technology is another demonstra- tion of Allison's broad capabilities in research, engineer- nology. Immediate application: Allison Lift engines. De- ing, and production. Capabilities that help keep defense, signedtopropeltomorrow'sjet aircraft straight up. So far, Allison Lift engine's have attained thrust/weight aerospace and nuclear projects on target* ratios over four times those of Production engines. other factors have contributed: Like new com- pressorbaldesthat raise pressure 50%. Advanced turbine c o o l i n g techniques allow higher inlet temperatires. Greater power. Lower blade temperatures. Have you heard about all the opportunities for engineering and other technical graduates at Bethlehem Steel? You'll find a great deal more information in our booklet, "Careers with Bethlehem Steel and the Loop Course." You can ob- tain a copy at your Placement Office, or drop a postcard to Manager of Personnel, Bethlehem Steel Corporation, Bethlehem, Pa. 18016. Have your cake andeat it Suggestion to Ch.E.s, M.E.s, and other engineers: The University of Rochester has long corn- Two big factors make such plans attractive: mitted itself to the pursuit of academic excel- 1 Money It can be a great comfort when supplied regularly by a lence and long ago attained success in that prosperous firm well aware that its fate depends on the intelligence quest. Likewise, with a somewhat different and devotion of the people it can lure into its fold. conceptionofhighereducation, has the Roch- esterInstitute° f T e c h n o l ° g y e a r n e d h i g h r e - 2. Direct personal involvement in the realities. The realities en- gard. the two i n s t i t u t i o n s a r e q u i t e unrelated countered in a company that leans as heavily as we do on engmeer- to each other or to us, e x c e p t t h a t t h e i r f o r - ing science, and scholarship can be nothing but helpful to one tunatepresencei n Rochester provides oppor- whose motivation toward education is genuine and deep. tunity for those who join us with fresh bac- calaureates to proceed right on course with the next formal stage of professional or business There is also a rough side: preparation. In Kingsport arrangements are You have to drive yourself pretty hard when you work and study offeredbytheU n i v e r s i t y of Tennessee Gradu- at the same time. This shows you up as a candidate for tough ateSchooland East Tennessee State University. assignments. Only G.E. offers you three routes to four business areas ENGINEERING, MANUFACTURING AND TECHNICAL MAR- KETING—these are the career routes open to you at General define your career interest with G.E. see your placemen Electric. G.E.'s activities in the defense, electric utility, officer or write: General Electric Company, Section 699-1 industrial and consumer business areas demand experts Schenectady, N. Y. 12305. skilled in these three fields. At G.E., you'll be part of a uniquely decentralized organization with more than one hundred departments that design, manufacture and sell thousands of products. Whether it's automating a complete steel mill, achieving thrust for Mach 3, producing power from the atom, or creating new growth businesses, this is the fast-paced challenge you'll find at General Electric. To