rrhousands of Acres of Southern Farm Land Revitalized -2- Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company plays important role in task F OR y\'~rs, tIlt' dl'\';lst,lting "one- ClOp'n-stt'm" rohlwd vast ~cre~ges nf sOlllhl'ln soil of the vit,II mineral de- manufactured at the Ensley (Alabama) Works of the Tennessee Coal, Iron and R~ilro~d Company, a subsidiary of IIll'llts \\ hlch support plant growth, Cot- United States Steel Corporation - con- ton (Ir to!l;,cco r;\Iscd in thl' s~me fields tained several important minerals, in- ,e,1I .Iftn yt,;/r kId reduced the h,rtilitv cluding phosphorus and lime. These ele- ~f 111;111. ~outhern brms to the poi;t \\ here Ihe ;111nualyield hardly paid for the s\'cd ;lI1d l~bor that went into pro- ments are needed to grow bountiful crops and high beef and milk producing fJ_", pastures. Here is another example of the importan~ \Iuction, Today, Basic Slag is in wide use as a work bei>,g dOtle by the United States Ste~ \mong the things thar agricultural convenient, economical soil builder. To- family. If yon would like to take part '; k;ldcrs found in their efforts to build up the widely-varied projects being conducte , gether with the other soil-building pro- southern ~griculture was that Basic Slag why not see YOllr Placemellt Officer !ar ,a grams of the agricultural agencies, it has -a by-product of open hearth steel, as copy of the book "Paths of Opportnlllty 111 helped the southern farmer to prosper. u.s. Steel"? AJlERICAN BRIDGE COMPANY. AMERICAN mEt & WIRE COMPANY, CARNEGIE-IlLINOIS mn CORPORATION. COLUMBIA SHEI COMPANY H, (. FRICK COKE AND ASSOCIATED COMPANIES • GENEVA STEEl COMPA'NY • GeRRARO STEEl STRAPPING COMPAilY MICHIGAN LIMESTONE .. CHEMICAL COMPANY, NAlIONAlTUBE COMPANY. OIL WEll SUPPLY COMPANY. ollm IRON MINING COMPANY PITTSBURGH liMESTONE CORPORATION • PITTSBURGH STEAMSHIP COMPANY - TENNESSEE COAl, IRON .. RAllROA'D COMPANY UNITED SUTES STm EXPOtT COMPANY • UNITED STATES STEEl PRODUCTS COMPANY, UNITED STATES STEEL SUPPLY COMPANY UNIVERSAL ATlAS CEMENT COMPANY. VIRGINIA BRIDGE COMPANY THAT's WHAT ESTFI'O'" 2 .J.5 IS to toul!h. ~!lI[,[,orn "ccos and woody growth. Weed and b rus I1 control alono- hio-hwaY~. po"er lines a 11(1 OllerI utility '"I f " IInpOl'lan\. .... ,Esleron 2.1::>.a - , . r1" 1\ 0 \\'a\'~ I~ close eOllSIll of ') 1 D I ' -, . ,was ({'yeloped for weed~ found resi~lanl to IIlat well k , - nown eOll1pound. TI i~ parlieularh' effeeli,'c agalllst \\'000 I ' and oak. y gro\\ I I, osagc orange, gum, brambles, hickory An lInus ' lIa.I fcalure of thi~ planl honnone.t~'pe weed killer is t Ilat It kills I )~'I' e lClnl("al ;l("llon , , \\ Illch accclerates thc normal growth proce'" Me~, re~1I I"I 111I! III death of the plan\. The 24. deyelo " pment ~ of 1',steron 2 I'=;. follo\\inl! Esteron .11 alll1 II', D, IS II1dicat' 1\ cot f I'I(" III1("eaSIlJllly unt tl1rellllln.,J .1ntenna has the dis- uni-directional beam. We are then rotating our .\tI\'.1I1L18C Ih,lI. ulll"" '10mI' l11e.1n, (or pointing the antenna electrically rather than mechanically and it Mt,ly ill \';Hltlll' din'(1lOn, IS Incorporated in its gives a neater and more economical system. The SlIpptlll. il ,.111 h,' p".lk,'(I to RIve besl results for only radiation pattern for a single half-wave dipole and \1fl\~ sLllii1n, M.lny .1I1I,'nn.1 In\l;\lIations have a rather the radiation from a bay of two perpendicular dipoles rI.II't";lI( 11I,',h,,"ic,,1 Mr.1ng,'menl (or the rotation of is shown in figure 2. The pattern for a single dipole 1111.'<','11111 dll,'dlnn.1J .lntenn.\S The objeci of Ihis is practically bi-directional while the pattern for the "'lide i.. (I) ((l prc,,"nl II)\' h.\Slc idea for an antenna LUrnstile bay is good in all directions. tll.ll will h.,Y\' Imlh g.ll11 and non dircctional char- -- --t- - .1\'lcd"lk, .lOd (}.) l\l ,"'velop tlm idca into a prac- lic,,1 Jnl,'nn.1 de"lotn. ...... ......... The mlUllOn 10 the plobh'l11 at hand is partially // ,/ // , "'~Z gin'll wlwn Oil" conSldel' Ihe type of antenna com- Illtlll to thc I Iv! hm.HIe.l\l ,t.,tion the turnstile I \ / \ .lnl\'l1n.1. 'I'ht, IUrll'lllc .1nlenna system is shown in / \ fil(ulc 1 wilh II1\' h-,-lIlIn," .llt"clwd to the clements. I \ II h.1' ~l' it, h.I'ic ,lrll(tllre two h.,J( wave dipoles \ /llOllnlcd p,ql"/HhollM II>".ld, ot her at Cl'l1lcrs. This i, \oll.h'd .1 h.l) I hI' "nllr" .lnll'nn,l array consists of 'lil(ktn~ Ilw\\' h.l)'\ OIl\' .,bow the olher. The more 1\.\)'\ Ill\' Ill\'n' .IIH,'no.1 11.)111 BAr z ,eAD/AT/ON PATTeRN Or: lA 1. TH£ HAL~ w,qv£ bIPO/'£ /t Z. 0#£ lMY ()~ A TURNSTILE • FIG. 2 FRO/'f 4- One of the dipoles of the lower bay has a parallel R£CevcR llAY 1 dipole in the upper bay. These two dipoles are fed electrically in phase. Since when these dipoles have maximum current on them, the others which are 90° out of phase have zero current. We might consider this action as separate broadside arrays working at different times and in different directions. FIG. J To design a practical working antenna of the type Th~ two dipoles of a bay which arc 90° apart ~ust described, some means of feeding the elements phystcally arc also fed in such a manner that the In the phase manner already described and means for CUrr.:m 10 one is 90 in time phase from the current matching the lines to the elements will have to be In th~ other. thus they are also 90 apart electrically. engineered. 8 SPARTAN ENGINEER It might be well to note that. although a system the total power to each dipole. Maximum gilin will may be derived from the standpoint of a transmitting then be secured by spacing the bays approximillcly antenna, the principles are purely reciprocal so that % wave-lengths or 61 (; of a space wavc Icng! h. an antenna which transmits a maximum in a given Reference to figure 1 shows thilt :!:\ or 67' I of a direction will also receive a maximum from that same space wave-length gives a full wave on the trJI1S direction. mission line indicating that if a full wave of line In order to get the elemen ts of one ba y to be 900 were used it would slightly more than reach between apart electrically it is necessary to simply connect the the two bays. This realizes physical construction two dipoles by a quarter wave-length of line as shown and allows the use of an even number of quarter in figure 1. waves of connecting line without too much excess The center of a half wave dipole presents an line to blow in a breeze. An even number of quuter impedence of approximately 75 ohms so that if 75 waves allows a connection such that the brOildsidc ohm amphenol twin lead is used as the line in figure 1 antennas can be fed in phase. The proposed antenna a match from antenna to line will be secured and the as discussed thus far is shown in figure I. impedance at x-x will be 37.5 ohms because there are two 75 ohm loads in parallel. Each bay connected in this manner The spacing will then be a 37.5 ohm load. of the bays is the next consideration t To 8AY B and it is noted that if ;yj wave-length spacing is used for d in figure 1 a line stretched between the bays will not give a ;yj wave this because the radio phase shift but more waves travel slower on the than f /50 OKMS line than in free space. Because the wave velocity is slowed up on a line. a piece of line will be shorter than a free space wave-length ing wave. The velocity line is 67% which means that will be 6770 of a free space to support factor of 75 ohm amphenol a wave-length wave-lengths. a full stand- of line These ~750HMS I /50 OHMS relationships are shown in figure 3. THE I..INE JUNCTION AT P SHOWING IHPEOIINCES LooKINt; INTo £/101 LINE. FIG. 4 The next problem is that of attaching a [cedline m the transmitter or receiver to the antenna. Close f ro . f h consideration shows that. if the feed hne rom t e receiver is connected at point p which is .l4 wave from bay and -:i wave from the other bay. a proper ;\0 .. rRE6 SPAC~ WAVEi."N4r# one ' 7' . b' d Th .Impe d anc e match at the junction IS 0 talne . . e A :::WAVELIi"'tirN 01V T"'E '-JIVE . d match is obtained by transforming the Impe ance 37.5 ohm bay to 150 ohms at p by ~he odd quarter FIG . .3 wave section from each bay. T~e Inpu~. Z. to a From the relations shown in figure 3 it is seen that quarter wave section terminated In a~ Impedance. that 3/.4 a f a wave-length on the hne . correspon d s to .. by Z'_ZO~/Z.) where Zo IS the charac- Z .) IS gIven - - . X of a free space wave-length so that if the bays are - .. ' dance of the 11, wave sectIon. In the case spaced l/'2 wave- I'ength . tenstlC Impe /-1 In space the Ime nee d e d t a ted the termination is the 37.5 ohm bay and reach b etween bays will give a Y-i wave phase SIt. h'f Phresel~ h' Zo-75 so that the impedance looking t e Ine as - . Bow. ever, upon reference to curves a f gatn. vs. . h 'f the line is opened at P=75~j37.5 or elt er way I . SP~ClOgas shown in The Radio Amateurs Handbook 150 ohms. Thus when the two 150 ohm terminals It ISnot d h . . e t at half wave spacing is not the maxImum . ' d at P the impedance presented to a feed ~nsp .. A are Jolnte as , .. . aCIng for a two element broadsIde array. . d on will be 75 ohms and thIS gIves a Spacing of b - .. ' Ime tappe .. of a out % wave-length gIves maxImum gam to a 75 ohm line from the receIver. perfect matc h . I ~lmost 5 db over that of a simple dipole antenna. The junction at p is illustrated In figure 4. hIS would mean about 2 db gain for the two-bay turnstile b .... h If continued on page 32 ecause 3 db IS lost In furnIshIng one- a 9 Match, 1949 FACTORY OF THE FUTURE BILL THROOP, E.E. '51 CHUCK E. PAUL, E.E. '51 'I'HH QUES'nON HA~ OF'II N Iwcn pondcred in equipment. design~d to give the maximum amount Cllllil\('cling cild\'~ Wlll'tlWI it would be al ,111possible of foot candles of light without creating a glare. has 01 r\'rn h:.15ihlc 10 ((In~lfUCI ,11' "ulomallC produclion been installed in the plant. To eliminate heat and lull' h'll"ilil1l:l .1 minimum :lnwuf1l of malnlenance. glare from the sun a special type of tinted glass has Orl\' of llll' lH'.Hc'l appnl"dws \() IhlS concepl of been employed. .\n "\llllm.lIil~ LI(t(llr of till' fUlure IS the new The new engine plant is decorated with a specially- "I{(xi-l'l" l:nl\illl' Pl,lnt ,ll till' I olIl\lnll Oldsmobile developed paint, selected to reduce eye strain and I),,'bion of th~' elmel,11 t\l()lCHs (ntpOl,llion. This mental boredom due to physical fatigue. All of the pl.ll1l I'If)du(i'~ Ilw Ih'W "ROC~l'( . l'nlo(lllC. an eighl new machines throughout the entire plant are finished cylindcl Vot)'IW ('nRilh~ dcV\'lnlwd on "" entirely new wilh this special green paint. high C(1mlllC\,iilll IHllll'iplc. FOlty compll'lcly assem hicII rngim'$ I','rn IC/l1ovi'd .IIld 11ll' old powel pl.lnt is es, Ihe new power plant. In case of breakdown quick 5tl1li~lIy Ihl~ 1\.11111' .11 Ihi~ d.lI", emergency repairs are almost imrossible. An effort I::nryahing \\';15 tinl', This 1.lst hlldthng program. is being made to acquire these parts as quickly as howeYer, (1f)'15 (() 111,19) w:1\ 10 limes as greal possible. bllt it is a slow process although many parts ,1\ Ihl' .. 37...... 11 ... 'rhis IH\I~1.1m. ,1' it developed. were on the original materials order. In the overall m,lIl" \'Cl}' flhvi'lus I he 1.11'1 Ih.lI ,ldd'llon,ll eleclric picture il can be seen that the power expansion was .lnll .\Il\11ll I'flUl(i'S well' 11l'l.'ded. As frequently hap very necessary-but it didn't go far enough. The I)en~. how~v~l. pflWCI 1~)(p.lIl,i(}n W.I, not concurren t five men now responsible for the power on the campus Wilh alII' ,Iwlallll. .lIl1lwdl "".1\ Ihe C,1\\' .11 11m IIllle. arc concentrating all efforts on correcting the present Fln.tlil'. the Klt'''t It,;,d Ilil the hoder\ (which were situalion and are making plans for further expansion. opcr.l!illf, lei h\l\ll~ .1 d,IY .11 lull 10.ld) ,lnd the elec Iri.: hili III $(iQOO .1 nwnth with tlw ( IlY of Llnsing If Ihere has been criticism, some of it has been PUWI'l ,Ind 1.I\thl I~d III .1n111hel \:xpan~lOn plan for unjust. There should never be excuses in engineer- 1111'p,)\\'cr bdlili,'<; .11 :o.\SC. 11 the pl,ln, ,11 that time ing. but there were sOllle circumstances during the w.:/c 11\'1 $utfldcnt il ,",In hi' I.lid to the facI Ihat Iasl expansion that couldn't be helped. One B. t1 U. nql4'dicn\'Y .11 t1w n1\'l11\'nl W,IS \:\Wnll,11. 1 bose plans superintendent quit for a better job. One power WCII' c(1l1lplcl\'d .1I1t1,II lhis wriling It 1\ found Ihat plant superintendent died suddenly of a heart attack. fUllhCr n:p.lll,ioll i, IlCfC"oH)' t~l (Jlry Ihe load Ihat There was a difficult period when it was nearly im- Ihe yel lll1linislwd \~Imp\l\ huilding progr,lm will de possible 10 train and keep good operators. During IlI.HItI in Sh"lll\ ,HId EI"Clli,' pnwn the building program a great amount of steam was , ,tel liS I~~k :1" Ilw p(lWel ,'xp,\n\lon JU\I compleled. used in preventing fresh concrete from freezing. This III\' 11\'\'CSMIII'~ 1I1dllllcd W\'r~ .\ '11'.1111 pn'S\ule of 100 led 10 the use of huge amounts of make-up water and !'~i I'm Sllllfh C.HI1Pll\ 11I'.lfillll .lnd ollwr processing. caused overloads on softeners, boilers, auxiliaries- ,I h".ilill PI.III.1 \\\1\ .lIce,lIly PWt!UCll1\l ISO pSI whICh and men. 11lflll'~h.'\1 11("I~n "'C"UCI' t\'r # I .Intl # 7 (')00 1\\\1) v.i~u\'r:llf"~ .lIld .llls" 150 psi I\lr ,\ d"\IRn pressure of lSn 1(" .lh,' \,n(l(~K\\'. (::\) \lllh \Ingle extr.1Clloll ,II .1 S p\1 ",' 11l'~1'11~. :-;~).:Js the old boders were of ,,'!"Cllll:nl 0181'. II \\'.1' delided 10 replace the Ihree wllh I \~'(l lIew OIlC' III ";0 psi generating pressure II) IUll1"h , .. Slc.lm pr\:'\url' It '. 2'>0 r'\ ~ for b y - pro d Uct dcClnf p\lW~I, I~\ one genl:falor was Jlready in- '\.ll1cd ,11, tlm deSIgn ples\Ure. a second }.OOO KW G. )(ocr,,1 f:lc('tn( .•• 2.400 yolt genera'or \".1 , sse. " In to lurnl'h In expelled dl'm,lnd of 0.000 KW h Th' , , 1 000 K'" r. IS no\ '. , " gl'neotor • was of d ou bl e extractIon. 100 p'l ,lod ' I:; p~i with 14 stages . Thl's e'xt ractlOn .' .1\ I O 0 P\I would be used for Soulh C'm h' d ... ,' " pus eating an gcner.ll medIum c1J\\ processes The. cqllirm~nl as Inslalled was excdl"nt A d' , . ~, stu- cnt Ie\{ group of 'i0 slUd~nts lInd"r th d' . f \1 C .• e IrectlOn o . r .1mpbell ran t~st loads on boiler Z . AS~\E .Pow~r Test Codl' and they dctcrmi~edu~~ng SThe h two new.• /)50 H '.P \\.'ICkes Boilers, Detroil Rota Grate ./0 ers. Boilers are 3 drum. bent tube Wilh a Foster-\lIheeler th~ dficlencr "aried from 80 to 90 ( .. at 'fi . (. agreeIng With .'''per heater to prod"ce 100 ' 000# ,steam per h our at 300 psi speCl Calion:. and d~pending on the 10 d Th and 550. F. t h' a. e genera- or as ~ro\'en Itself by operation. Despite tht' ~quipment. failures in th Having reviewed the development of the MSC beg.1 e program n to appear, Thl?re is still insufficient electric Campus Electric and Steam power let us look noW at the current results. With two power plants in 14 SPARTAN ENGINEER use. the plant engineer is working under very unusual the fact that the by-product. electricit y, of Ihe.w circumstances. He must communicate by phone in boilers is limited to Ihe two presenl (IIrbil1\'s, r1wn' order to coordinate one bank of boilers in the old is no reason, then, that the new boilers ~hould t)per I plant at 150 psi with a second set in the new power ate at maximum output. It plant at 350 psi. If the equipment driven by these At present we see that the college can well (urnish were of the same pressure some 450.000 #/hr. of enough steam and electricity with plenty o( steal1l steam could be utilized. As it is. two generators (#3 to spare, but being on the margin in reg.1rds to electric and #4) are driven at 250 psi and the other two (#1 power. The method o( present operation is not the and #2) are driven at 150 psi. In order to balance most efficient nor the most economical. It c.:1Ils (or the heating and lighting load against the most satis- double crews and operation o( boilers at below maxi factory steam generating conditions it is necessary to mum efficiencies, Messrs. Ki n ney. Cam pbell and use great ingenuity. Slater are making many plans (or (urther expansion of power equipment to bring about correction o( existing evils and to handle the expected loads o( the future. Included in these plans are: 1. A third 350 psi boiler in the new boiler room of the same capacity as the present ones (1250 H.P,- 100,000 # steam/hr.) At such a time the old power house will be torn down and parking space probably made available, 2. An additional generator, probably of 3.000 KW. 3, Condensate and (eed water pumping (acilities whereby water can be de-aerated and preheated properly. Some work is being done on this already, On February 2,1948, make-up water was 19.58';', Engine Room as it appears today looking North. Left to right, On February 2. 1949, make-up water was 18,201;. 1 the new General Electric, 3000 K\V, the Allis Chalmers 3000 and Mr. Slater plans to have that reduced to 9,8 /1, KW, and 2-5CO K\f A Allis Chalmers (Parsons type) generators. 4, An additional air compressor (or the controls in the new power plant. There have been three break- To give an idea of the operating load that must downs of the presen t com pressor and it has been be met. consider two extreme dail y mean temperatures necessary to use a portable com pressor used on pneu. at which there would be maximum and minimum matic construction work, " , loads. 5. Spare parts for conveyors. crushers, auxilIarIes, Tons Coal Steam Electric grates and pumps in the new plant. 24 Hours #/24 Hrs. KW/24 Hrs 6. A "House Generator" in the new plant ,to be August 8, 1948 . __ 66 1.269,861 44,000 January II. 1949 . 2] 4 4,220,805 108,200 steam driven and of probably 800 K V A c,apaCilY to Steam and electricity that can be handle the electric auxiliaries in case o( failure (rom produced with present equipment 1 J .436.200 144,000 the campus and city sources, . , Loads to be expected 1952 _ 5,000,000 J 60,000 It is argued, and logically so, th~t these additions At present. when the load on the boilers is of low to the campus power compliment will, pay for them- order, 100,000 to 200.000 lbs./hr .. the new boilers selves in short order when the cost IS compa:ed to are operated at about 50.000 to 60,000 lbs.! hr. the present losses. methods, and cost of operation. each. At these loads the draft fans can be operated at low speeds. When the load on a new boiler reaches the 75,000 #/hr. point a bucking point is reached. FACTORY OF THE FUTURE Here it is difficult to control the new boilers as the continued from page 11 fans wiIl be continually kicking from high to low compared to the old in-line type engine. there speeds (only two speeds available) which makes for to I ' A s 5H P . is an increase of from 115 H.P. to J 3 " In power difficult operation. If the new boilers can be carried . d an increase in fuel economy of about one at 60,000 #/hr. there will be sufficient demand left rating an "R k " mIle. per ga 11on .. Performance of the new oc et to maintain the old boilers at firing condition, In engine is spectacular and outstanding. The moder~. case of breakdown on one of the new boilers the old . d manufacturing plant that produces thiS ~ . f well-eqUlppe k can pICk up the load with no delay. as one a .. tainly a far cry from the small wor engwe IS cer . H P the new boilers is unable to carry the full load by ced the first one-cylwder. four ., shop t h at pro du . b k ltself in the winter months. . 'ne for the first OldsmobIle way ac gaso 1we engl . In addition to the fact that the new boilers are not in 1897, Independent to support a winter-time load. there is J 5 March, 1949 THE SOCIETIES Pi Mu Epsilon Mr. Frank Pelton has recently presented an inter- I Wll MSC 111.11hem.llICS sludenls received esting lecture on electronics in irrigation control. We " s\.hnlarshirs.ll IhI.' .lnnu;1I bJnquel of Pi Mu have also had the pleasure of hearing Me. Bob Hogle i.r~ I psilon held in Ilunl's I'ood Shop lhis winter of WKAR speaking on the principle and application , l'fIll. I elWin I (lusby meived $'50.00 for of the Dougherty circuit. and also on the new FM lit" rlr~t I.. ( Pl.lnl ,nv.ml A $40.00 second award transmitter now in use at WKAR. wenl In l~nn.lld 1\ I nR,'1 Dr. J. S. rrJme of the Mr. Mert Nellis has recently presented another ~l.llh dtpolllflH'nl 111,ld~11,1.' ,lwJrds. Speaker for the lecture on antenna. dealing with the complete de- h,Utllll"l W,IS Prof. R V (hurchdl. University of velopment and practical applications of the now j\lit'l1ig.111J\1.11h Prof, whose lOpic was "i\ppl~ca- popular turnstile antenna. Iinns {If DiO,'l\'flll,ll I qu,ltlons," Owing to continued responses. the club is main- taining its code classes on Tuesday from 2 to 3 p.m., Sloma Pi Sigma and on Wednesday from 4 to 5 p.m. Both are being 111\ Alph.l 1 psdol1 C h,'pler of lhe Sigma held in the club room in the tower of the E. E. Pi Siglll.,. Phy,sICs llonorJrY. held ilS annual Building. ~ / \\ inw II'rm b,lnquct .1t Ilunl'S Food Shop The club wishes to announce the continuance of . I I'lHUMY 1!Jlh lle'd of OepJrlment. Dr. T. its free message relay service. Those desiring [0 send H (hgi1i1d S\1"\... I.' nn )1/1.'\ .1nd Shapcs." a radiogram should come up to the "shack" late in I wmIY"IW\1 nnv c.lndid.lle,\ were received inlO the afternoon or early in the evening. nll.'l1lhnship. '1'11I.'Y.HC 1 ugen\' R. Alen, Keith M. n.lldwin. Robert G (unnlngh.,I1l. Richard N. Dex- American Society of Mechanical Engineers IH. lbrultl rrinfm.1l1. R(lberl N. llabermehl. Wm. F. ' At the January 12 meeting Thomas S. 111"\...1:11, Rudolph A .J.1cobs. RJlph D. Johnson . ~ McKewan of the Wolf Management En- •h'lcl1li.lh ,J. I\,'nll)' No.lh 1\. 1,1111cr. GI\'n G. Lorch. • ~ gineering Company was the principal speaker. Ih,hcn ( \ld\q'd,' 51<'11((' M.lsIOfa)..is. Samuel Mer Mr. McKewan talked about problems of manage- ",,'r,.I, Hldlolld I J\llchd. Fmlcrick Miller. Jr .. ment. He referred to such problems as the old front Rolli'll Nd\llll • .I,ll).. W Os~wod. John B. POrler. versus the younger generation. Mr. McKewan con- Nit'll II RililS 'rh,'\lt!OI\' P. Ryhal.l. cluded his talk with a question and answer period Amorican Institute of Electrical Engineers during which he answered many questions of interest to everyone. and The Institute of Radio Engineers At the business meeting which followed. President .A \1 !/1\'lr monthly m\'\'l1n& held Wednes- Ross Christian asked for suggestions pertaining to d.l\' h'bl.u~ry n th\' ~tudenl branches of spending the excess money in the Treasury. , lh\' \ 11:.1: .. lnd 1 R.E. had the Oppor- IUtHtv of Il\'anng \Valler Lawrence of Arthur F. Underwood, of General Motors Re- ReA \Ir Lolwr\'nce spoke on "Television 'nd search, was the evening speaker at the January 26 ~"(.row.l\'\'." The lalk \v,'s well received by "the meeting. Mr. Underwood explained a slide film on JUdll'nc\' metals and their properties in bearings. He also showed a colored motion picture concerning lubri- The M.S.C. Radio Club cation. . many of the Present day companies charge half again as much ~1\ld\'III,. \\'ho. like hlntwlt. had not ,lttendl'd high even though they used a method of manufacture , ..11\101\1'1.'11.' I'll rolII.'\J In tIll' prep school" for one which does not remove the hardness from the water. )'1'.\1', III 111.1\..1.' up It)r the reM, of hIgh school missed. Fairbanks observes. lilt' colkge 10 those d.l)'S, recalls Profl'ssor Fair- holn).." didn't loo\.. much Ilki' It dol'S today. aIds Neither Fairbanks nor his brothers are connected 1-i.l1I.1nd tilt' stnng of old bUildings, starting with with the ice plant any longer. having sold it a few Agricultural Hall. m.ld~ up the greater part of the years ago after building the business up to its present c.lmpu~. production of sixty tons of ice per day. l.ansing was rl.'achl.'d b)' means of a m uddy-one- Whatever time Professor Fairbanks has free from 1.1111' rOold. In the e\'Cnt that two buggies should have his duties as Descriptive Geometry lecturer. he spends met. one would have h.ld to pull off into the sand fishing at his cottage. near Holland, Michigan, and nllrl.' untIl the Other had passed. ~Ir Fairbanks reminds us that. COntrary to popu- THE SOCIETIES lar bl.'J.l.'f.students had to Struggle even in those days to complete school. I n his class of 119 students. only continued from page 17 19 graduated on schedule. ing department; Prof. John W. Donne!. head of the After graduation in 1909. Fairbanks and his two chemical engineering department. brothl.'rs dcoded to go mto the ice-making business. . Seniors initiated include: Herbert D. Bartels, Lan- At that tlm\? the manufacturing of ice was a new slOg: Frank J. DeDecker. Detroit: Warren T. Edin- fidd. Th\? thrl'e brothers pooled their funds and an borough. Benton Harbor; James W. Federhart. Sagi- naw; Isidor T. Flaum. New York; William J. Mac- 20 SPARTAN ENGINEER Creery, Battle Creek; Taher Mojtehedi, Tehran, Iran; Joseph P. Nixon, Alma; Jack W. Osgood, E. Lansing; William E. Pearson, Lansing; Edward I B. Pepke, Grosse IIe; Lee J. Seymour. Franklin. t Juniors initiated were: George S. Ammon, Grand Rapids; Orville R. Bakeman, White Pigeon; Jack M. Baldwin, Lansing; Marvin D. Bicknell, St. Joseph; Robert F. Bogan, Kearny, N. J.; Edwin B. Bozian, Birmingh;1m; Donald R. Brundage, Kala- mazoo; Max C. Christensen, Trufant: Leroy R. Genaw, Port Huron; Paul A. Holt, E. Lansing; Harry J. B. Horn, Jr., Lansing; Kenneth M. John- son, Grand Rapids; Richard L. Keinath, Franken- muth; Jack R. Nothstine, Mancelona; Ezra G. Ogle- tree, Jr., Lansing; James B. Post, Evergreen Park, PROBLEM-You're designing a taxi-cob meter. You have worked out the me::honism that clocks waiting time and 111.;Lewis W. Post, Evergreen Park, III.; Bruce G. mileage and totals the charges. Your problem now Is to Rook, Lansing; Richard G. Sayers, Jackson; Howard provide a drive for the meter from some operating part of A. Scheetz, Sturgis; Edward F. Schlee, Jr., Detroit; the cab-bearing in mind that the meter must be located Charles B. Sunris, Manistee; Donald J. Waalkes, where the driver can read it and work the flag. How would you do it? Muskegon; Loris D. Whipple, Mason. American Institute of Chemical Engineering THE SIMPLE ANSWER-Use on S.S.white power drive flexible shaft. Connect one end to a take-off on the trans- Mr. C. J. Kirchgessner, of the Portland Cement mission and the other to the meter. It's as simple as that-a Association, spoke to the Chern. E.' s at their regular single mechanical element that is easy to install and will oper. meeting, held J an uary 25. He discussed special prob- ate dependably regardless of vibration and tough usag~. That's the way a leading taximeter manufacturer does It lemsand applications of concrete of interest to Chemi- as shown below. cal Engineers. Mr. Kirchgessner, 'a civil engineer, has had con- * * This is just one of hundreds * struction experience with the State Highway Depart- of power drive and remote ment, Commonwealth and Southern Corp., and the control problems to which Dow Chemical Co. before becoming affiliated with S.S.Whlte flexible shafts are the Portland Cement Association. The next meet- the simple answer. That's why every engineer should be Ing is scheduled for March 2, at which time the familiar with the range and registration of engineers will be discussed. scope of these "Metal Muscles'" for mechanical American Society of Civil Engineers bodies. At the first meeting of winter term, held January 'Tradlmark Rig. U. S. Pat. OH. and el$lwh.r. 18, the C.E.' shad 40 mem bel's presen t . . Several members volunteered to accept the invita- tion of the downtown Engineers Club and attended meetings. Six members expressed intentions of at- tending the North Central Conference meeting of the A.S.C.E. in Cleveland April 8 and 9. On February 22, at a regular meeting, President S.pelman outlined forthcoming meetings and activi- tIes. Photo Courtesy 0/ Piltsburgh Taxim ~~Q~~~ E:C~~P~~ct~~ will fit into your plans. See National Electric for a ,.....-- Gaging - - work using Exter. nal Compo rotor No. 951 and Amplifier No. 950. n - ELECTRONIC complete line of electrical MEASURING EQUIPMENT unit; external and internol com- roughing-in materials. Adoptable to many special ap- parators; gage head cartridge plications such as sorting and for jig or fixture mounting; ,ignol quality control devices .. Simple WIRES-CABLES-CONDUIT selling provides readIngs of light alog. attachment. Brown & Sharpe Write for Mfg. Co., cat- .0001" to .00001". Intermediate sellings can be mode easily to BROWN & SHARPE MfG. CO. match prescribed tolerance Ii~ils. Providence 1. R. I.• U. S. A. Equipment includes: omp"fier BROWN &SHARPE 31 MarCh, 1949 THE SOCIETIES the April 1948 issue of Journal of Engineering Edu- catcon. Continued from page 21 The first meeting of the new year was of a social the Forestry Cabin. nature to acquaint new members with the society. On May 5 the M.S.e. Chapter will have a joint At the next meeting held March third an improve- meeting and banquet with the Michigan Station in ment program for the school was discussed. the Union Building. They will hold their annual Meetings for the Spring term will include a dis- field day and picnic on May 28. cussion of the Relation of the School of Engineering Members Schwabbe and Klein of the Engineering and Small Industry. On May seventh Michigan State Council reported that the Engineers' Ball was a suc- College will be hosts to the State Convention of cess and an all Engineer Field Day has been planned A.S.E.E. The state president of the A.S.E.E. is Prof. for May. e. L. Brattin, Head of the Department of Engineer- American Society of Engineering Education ing Drawing here at Michigan State College. The American Society for Engineering Education Other activities of the group include a training ilt Michigan State College is a branch of a large program for engineering faculty with J. M. Apple n;llional organization interested in improving En- as director. gineering Education. The organization is also sponsoring a refresher The local chapter, which meets on the average of course for the faculty concerned with the Engineers twice a term. has outlined a program of improvement Registration Examination to be held here next spring. both for themselves and the engineering school as e. E. Dennis is in charge of the refresher course. il whole. At present the officers of the organization are: President H. P. Skamser. Vice President D. S. Pear- TWO-BAY TURNSTILE ANTENNA son, TreilslIrer Charles A. Miller, and Secretary D. J. continued from page 9 Renwick. The antenna was set up and a field strength check was run. The first results without any adjustment .-- ----..,. '--' -:::::-~,=. of the phasing from that of calculated values gave an elliptical pattern. The turnstile did not show a circular pattern as predicted because of improper length of phasing stubs, but it did show more gain in all directions. Protecting and advllncing the Engineering ProfeSSIon at M.S.C. for ASEE are (left to right): Secrecary D. J. Renwick, President H. P. Skamser. \',fe President D. S. Pearson, and Treasurer C. A. Miller. During the fall term two meetings were held. The fir~t on November fourth had as its subject, "The History and Development of State Registration of J. DIPoI.I F/.LD ''''TT~ Z. T"''''4rJLI; ~/Ei.D p",Yr, .. """ Professional Engineers." At the December second (rAKEN /N'Do~SI ~1,~W'~y 't#7"c, VNIr.lIELAr1t'll£) meetin? Prof. A. W. Farrel, Head of the Department F'4 . .5 of ~gncultural Engineering, reviewed his paper about . The data for patterns plotted in figure 5 was taken Agncultural Engineering which was published in Indoors and, although the turnstile has been ad- justed for better directivity, both patterns show dis- 32 SPARTAN ENGINEER tortion from the theoretical val ues of figure 2. This is to be expected, however, for when measurements are made in confined spaces the reflections from near-by objects tend to distort the pattern. MORHEATCORPORATION The experimental data shows approximately a 2,5 db gain over that of the dipole in the zero degree direction and plus or minus that amount in other Afanufacturers of directions. The phasing stub adjustments are fairly critical when attempting to obtain a perfectly circular STEEL WATER TUBE BOILERS turnstile pattern. With care in phasing adjustments a good circular pattern of about 2 db gain can be for predicted. Domestic and Commercial Steam and The little boy looked at the girls in their midriff bathing suits and asked: "Papa, why do the good- Hot Water Heating looking girls wear their water wings all the time?" Industrial Processing They were dancing. * * * He held her tight, his eyes closed, and danced as though floating on a cloud. Then the music stopped. "Let's go outside," he said. Outside he took her in his arms and whispered in her ear, "Darling, I love you very much. I may not be rich like Joe Doaks, I may not have a car like Joe 700 East Kalamazoo St. Doaks or spend money like he does, but I love you LANSING 12, MICHIGAN so much I'd do anything in the world for you." Two soft white arms reached around his neck, and two ruby red lips whispered in his ear. "Darling, introduce me to Joe Doaks." ATLAS DROP FORGE COMPANY LANSING 2, MICHIGAN Quality Forgings Higgins non-tip rubber base keeps your Higgins American Waterproof India Ink Since 1906 .upright .••• Asic your dealer f« botlt. HIGGinS '~\fj CO., "\C .. ' 2il.IIJIJIITH ST.. BfHJO/lLL\' 15. ".... \.. U.S.A. 33 MarCh, 1<)4<) SIDE TRACKED 'I hey decided not to buy twin beds because she heard they induced people to walk in their sleep, "I don't like your *boy *friend * at all." "Why?" "He whistles dirty songs," "Pardon me, young * * * lady, in the matter of your dress, don't you think you could show a little more discretion ?" "My gosh! Some of you fellows are never satis- fied!" "Are all men fools?" * *inquired* the wife after a dispute with her husband, "No, dear," he replied. "some are bachelors." Pappy says a lazy man * * IS * a guy who marries a widow with five children. 1\lw.lYs (clclle\, IWI wrcn ICl11rl11h\'I, ,1 1110d\'l Il'lIow \\'OI11.lO \'ngin~el\. .lIld .\ llMt the dll W~ln1.l1l model * * Soft, the new love tells his lies, * I,~Ih,ll I Ill: f\)(nH~1I~ .\ h,m: pO\\lbilit)' .lllt! the nthr! And ah, he tells them well: 1\ ,I 1l.lki'd (.1\'1. Demurely, 1 turn down my eyes- IIni' I "it * .. ,md* lrt'/ Alone, I laugh like hell. \Vluli' (/11(/ 1111/ SNI/ (If'ili " !/l,tli/l!! l('I'I, Customer -"Won't * you * * take something off for II', fllimyll 1/1 "Mlli! /11(' (Will', ",sh ?" 'j' j'.lrhN', ClllI't I 1.'(/(/(' I hi' fOOl\) ~ Salesgirl "Sir," \\' II!! "I'IIIV 111(' ldll'll !(1)U Iwow 'I'll." I ,q'm(lly hdV,' /0 yo, * "Oh, look at the funny little * *bug; what kind of a lIul/('SI. 1\'(I,h,'I, /'m /lol (1.It/l1in!l- bug is it~" exclaimed a young lady on whose lap .\IV fill 10/1.\ dOl(" wH/lC'S nun/ny, thl' bug bad just lit! 'lI .. * "That's a lady bug," replied her escort. ShlHI dl~s\,'\ m.l~ I onl l()o,," lon~\'r, "My, but you have good eyesight," I h'-"Do }'llU * (1a with * th\ ..h~ht!; 011 or ofT /" * * * Sfh,_fl,?""." Last night] held a little hand, So dainty and so sweet. "F.e.c-t," * * th ..' I',ldln ,,,d.limrd, * "what 'dol's th.~t I thought my heart would surely breah \pdl. ~I.HY?" So wildly did ic beat "( dunno." ,va other hand in all this world Can greater solace bring, "\\'dl. \\'h.ll i\ it th.lt a (Ow has (our o( and 1 h,1\'1 only twot' Than thac sweet hand I held last night- 'ill \l.1rr told hi'r, Four aces and a hing. * .. * May I take you * home? *I like* to take experienced. Prof: "Arl' YOU (hrating on lhis exam?" girls home. engini' ..r: ~(), SII 1 WJS only telling him his I'm not experienced, no\i' \\'.1\ dliPPlllg on mv papl'r." You're not home yet. * *yeJrs * from Ci\'il Engincl'rs a few now: Lady (at almond * * * counter): "Who attends to "But chid, it \\';sn't my fault the bridge col1apsl'd, the nuts?" thought that fly spl'ck w:!os a decimal point," Clerk: "I'll be with you in just a minute." SPARTAN ENGINEER ..~ The Ring Test The ring test, shown above, is a scientific founders as evidenced by the photograph below of method for determining the modulus of rupture cast iron pipe installed in 1664 to supply the town of pipe. It is not a required acceptance test but one and founrains of Versailles, France and still in of the additional tests made by cast iron pipe manu- service. Cast iron pipe is the standard material for facturers to ensure that the quality of the pipe water and gas mains and is widely used in sewage meets or exceeds standard specifications. works construction. Send for booklet, "FactSAbout Cast Iron Pipe." Address Dept. c., Cast Iron Pipe A ring, cut from random pipe, is subjected to Research Association, T. F. Wolfe, Engineer, progressively increased crushing load until failure 122 So. Michigan Ave., Chicago 3, Illinois. oc.curs.Standard 6-inch cast iron pipe, for example, wIthstands a crushing weight of more than 14,000 lbs. per foot. Such pipe meets severe service re- quirements with an ample margin of safety. Scientific progress in the laboratories of our members has resulted in higher attainable stand- ards of quality in the production processes. By . metallurgical Ita .. controls and tests of materials , cast n pipe IS produced today with precise knowl- edge of the physical characteristics of the iron bef '. ore It ISpoured into the mold. Constant concrol o.fcupola operation is maintained by metal analy- SIS. R'Igl'd tests of the finished product, both ac- ceptance tests and routine tests complete the ~uality COntrol cycle. But with all' the remarkable Improvements in cast iron pipe production, we do S ction of 28S-year-old cast iron water main still s:rving the town and fountains of Versailles, France. nOt forget the achievements of the early pipe SERVES FOR CENTURIES 1he be1ter the woodsman the be1ter the axel and experience buys the best \ >. industrial equipment, too THE MOST SKILLED CHOPPER invariably owns the fastest axe ... And engineers who buy industrial equipment on the strength of experi- ence, get topmost efficiency and economy. Per- formance records tell why Roebling products have enjoyed more than a century of confidence. ELECTRICAL WIRE-CABLE- MAG N ET WI R E. There's a high quality Roebling Electrical Wire and Cable (65 standard types) for every sort of transmission, distri- bution and service circuit ... Roevar Magnet Wire is unsurpassed for high-speed winding operations. \ WOVEN WIRE FABRIC. nomical Industrial Screens by Eco- • Roebling range from the most finely woven Filter Cloths to the largest Aggregate types. Roellat Screen, a radically new design, has 75% more wearing surface, up to i,..~ 90%more wear . ..----~ ROUND - FLAT- SHAPED WIRE. You cut down reject costs and speed up production with Roebling high carbon wire ... every inch is like every other inch . same gauge and grain structure . . - same strength, hardness and finish ( ... and it's available now! \ WIRE ROPE. Roebling rope is one " of the most widely used products I in industry today ... and Roebling i Preformed "Blue Center" Steel Wire Rope is the last word in long- time performance and genuine service economy. Only Roebling makes"Blue Center"wire ropesteel. \Vhatever career you are studying for, when you [,2t on the job you will find some type of Roebling product serving there, dependably and at low cost. Jolm A. Roebling's Sons Co., Trenton 2, N.J. I \ I i B ~ ) ';RANCH OFFICES: Atlanla, 934 A\on Ave .• BOdO", 51 Sleeper 51. * C!licago, 5525 W. Roosevelt Rd .• Clea:elantl, iOI St. Clair A'..e., N. E. * Denver 163j 17th SI. * Houslon, 6216 J1\a\ igalion Blvd. * Los Angt:'es, 216 S. Alameda 51. • New l'Qrk, 19 RutorSl. * Ph iZatl"ll,hia, 12 S. 12th St. * Pill.- burgh, 855 W. ~orth A\'e. '* Portlonll, Ore., ]032 N. "r. j lIh A\C. * San Frandaco, 1740 17th St. * SeuUle, 900 Fir:!!t }.H. _OC@cdl@l~ i~'~ Because photography is accurate (Jr 't to the last detail The magic of photography turns hours of costly drafting room time into a minute-quick job of utmost accu~acy. Correcting an engineering drawing~ tographic prints of letters, speci£ica- or restoring a dimmed one-used to tion sheets, forms, drawings, take long, tiresome hours, But not Using the new Kodagraph Projec- ~oday,For photography with its abil- tion Papers, you can enlarge small- lty to record detail in a Hick of time scale negatives of drawings and docu- ~as ?een put to work, and the most ments to original size or larger ... get llltncate d rawlllg " , d accu- IS cop Ie high contrast repro d uctions. ~ately, inexpensively, and with last- With Kodagraph or Recordak mg quality. ~1icro-File Equipment, you can re- ~s~ng the new Kodagraph Auto- produce the most detailed drawings, pos~t~ve Paper, you can get sharp charts, etc,-"de-bulk" them 98%, .. p~sIhve prints directly from oriainals and protect your valuable originals. o ~ery type, even from wo~n or This same ability to reproduce de- \l¥ea tracings-get them with rcau- tail exactly, completely, lastingly ... ar blu."epllnt or dIrect process equip- b even to improve its quality, .. gives ment.~m or d'mary room light, without photography a multitude of uses in negatives. your plant. It can help m~ke your p Using the new Kodagraph Contact designs faster, your productIOn meth- , apeI' (with conven tional photo-copy- ods smoother, and get your product )~lgequipment and negative step) you to tlle dealer's sooner. can produce sharp, clear, legible pho- Eastman Kodak (0., Rochester 4, N. Y. Advancing industrial technics- Functional photography