'.: . The Big Move The Development of the Rocket Engine Technical Writing Opportunities for ;\ f.'\ Engineering Graduates James Chisholm, class of '41, speaks from experience when he says, "Men with ability and ambition really have a chance to get ahead at U. S. Steel" • A responsible position can come ing of all ore ships and the operation of quickly to those graduate engineers at If you are interested in a cha\len~ing the plant's two big blast furnaces-each and rewarding career with Umted U.S. Steel who show ability and ambi- with a rated output of 1500 tons per day. tion. Management training programs States Steel, and feel that you can Jim feels that the opportunities for qualify, you can get details from Y01!r are designed to stimulate and develop graduate engineers are exceptional at these qualities as the trainee "learns by college placement director. An? we wJiI U.S. Steel. He remarked that in his own gladly send you a copy of our mfo~ma,~ doing." His training is always a fascin- department alone, six college trainees ating challenge and he works with the tive booklet, "Paths of Opportumty, have been put into management posi- which describes U.S. Steel and the best equipment and the finest people in tions within the last couple of years. He the business. openings in various scientific fields. says that chances for advancement are Just write to United States Steel Cor- J ames Chisholm is typical of the even better now with the current expan- young men who rapidly rise to an im- poration, Personnel Division, R?om sion of facilities and the development 1622, 525 William Penn Place, PItts- portant position at U.S. Steel. Jim of new products and markets. came to U.S. Steel as a trainee in 1941 burgh 30, Pennsylvania. o after graduating as an M.E. Shortly thereafter he entered military service SEE THE UNITED STATES STEEL HOUR. It's a full-hour TV program for four years. Upon his return to U.S. presented every other week by United States Steel. Consult your local Steel in 1946, he advanced steadily un- newspaper Cor time and station. til, in 1951, he was appointed to his present position as Assistant Superin- tendent of Blast Furnaces at the new Fairless Works at Morrisville, Pa. Jim is now in charge of the unload- UNITED STATES STEEL AMERICAN BRIDGE •• AMERICAN STEEl & WIRE and CYClONE FENCE •• COLUMBIA-GENEVA STEEl •. CONSOLIDATED WESTERN STEEL •• GERRARD STEEl STRAPPING •. NATIONAL TUBE Oil WEll SUPPLY •• TENNESSEE COAL & IRON .• UNITED STATES STEEl PRODUCTS •• UNITED STATES STEEl SUPPLY •• D/v;./oo. 01 UNITED STATES STEEl CORPORATIDN, PITTSBURGH UNITED STATES STEEL HOMES, INe. • UNION SUPPLY COMPANY • UNITED STATES STEEl EXPORT COMPANY • UNIVERSAL ATlAS CEMENT COMPANY 5-690 r;wt~ Looking aheadA with Detroit Edison Important new addition to the engi- combination of generators, trans- vanced facili ties, combined wi th the neering facilities of Detroit Edison is formers, lines, cables and other equip- steadily rising demands for electrical this huge System Analog and Net- ment, and of any variations in com- power in Detroit and Sontheastern work Computel', bringing ne\\ speed, ponents within the system, can be Michigan, enable Detroit Edison to accuracy and convenicnce to solving determined in a fraction of the time offer young engineers an outstanding the problems of providing better required by conventional methods. opportunity and challenge to build power s)'stems, botb for today and for their own futures. The System Analog and Network for tomol'row. Compu ter, along with other advanced Designed and built by Detroit electronic equipment, such as the digi- Edison enginecrs, this unique four- tal computer, serves Detroit Edison ton machine reproduces in miniature engineers in a variety of fields, in- the company's power system, and can cluding research, system operation, For ,he fILII ,'ory of he varied to simulate other power and production, planning, project and career opportunities at design engineering .... Such ad- Detroit Edison, simply systems as well. The cffect o( any call or write for a free copy of this new booklet, Detroit U Edison Engineering." THE DETROIT EDISON COMPANY 2000 Second Avenue Detroit 26, Michigan May 1955 A WHIRLPOOL SPIRALS into the inlet of a model pump. This unique picture shows how air, a common cause of pumping trouble, was carried into the pump in .•. The Case of the Baffled Whirlpool Some time ago, the report reached us that two The solution came with experimentation. A simple Worthington vertical turbine pumps installed by one baffle arrangement in a side channel eliminated the of our customers weren't working right. They deliv- whirlpool-and the trouble-making air. ered plenty of water, but vibrated badly and burned Chasing the gremlins from pump installations like out bearings. this, boosting the efficiency of heat transfer in air The customer asked us to find the trouble fast. conditioners, developing better seals for pumps and After checking we knew the pumps were okay, so compressors - these are all in the day's work for Worthington Research had to answer him. Worthington's busy research engineers. At Worth- First thing we did was build a one-tenth scale ington, research ranks right alongside engineering, model of the customer's installation. The photo production, and sales to develop better products for shows what happened when we started pumping. all industry. A whirlpool immediately formed between the water For the complete story of how you can fit into the surface and the pump inlet. Air, trapped in the whirl- Worthington picture, write F. F. Thompson, Mgr., pool and carried into the pump, was the villain in Personnel & Training, Worthington Corporation, the case. Harrison, New Jersey. 4.2SC See the Worthington representative when he visits your campus See the Worthington Corporation exhibit in New York City. A lively, informative display of product developments WORTHINGTON for industry, business and the home. Park Avenue and 40th Street. When you're thinking of a good job - think high - think Worthington AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION. COMPRESSORS. CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT. ENGINES' DEAERATORS • INDUSTRIAL MIXERS LIQUID METERS. MECHANICAL POWER TRANSMISSION • PUMPS. STEAM CONDENSERS' STEAM-JET EJECTORS. STEAM TURBINES. WELDING POSITIONERS Editor RAY STEINBACH Business Manager BILL BARTLEY Associate Editor of michigan state university ALICE JACOBSON Assistant Editors HARLOW NELSON EMORY GEISZ ARTICLES Photo Editor 12 Development of the Rocket Engine BOB BRANDON 15 The Big Move Feature Editor EUGENE SPELLER 17 Technical Writing Opportunities for Engineering Graduates News Editor BOB STOCKING 26 Firsts in Science and Engineering Assistant Business Manager JOHN ROOD Advertising Manager ART SIPPOLA FEATURES Promotion Manager 8 Clubs and Societies CHARLES PUMA 10 Miss Engineer Circulation Manager JENNY WILSON 23 New Developments Staff 48 Crossword for Engineers JO GRAHAM JIM JOHNSTON Cover Design by: RAY STEINBACH SHIRLEY PRIKASKY DAVE MITCHELL BOB FREDERICKS Published four times yearly by the students of the SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING, JAMES WILSON MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, East Lansing, Michigan. The office is on the third floor of the Union Building, Phone ED 2-1511, Extension 251. Entered as second closs TOM AYRES matter at the Post Office in East Lansing, Michigan, under the act of March 3, 1879. Address Moil to: P. O. Box 468, East Lansing, Michigan Publishers representative Advisors Littell-Murray-Barnhill, Inc. 101 Park Avenue, New York W. E. LIBBY 6fJ5 W. Michigan Avenue, Chicago PAUL G. GRAY Subscription rate by moil $1.00 per year. Single copies 25 cents. D. D. McGRADY 3 May 1955 to the well too often There are easier ways to get a drink. And engineering graduates will be called upon to develop them. They'll have to help supply and distribute the billions of gallons of water needed daily by homes and industry. Water that will be increasingly hard to find. But when they find it, they can rely on cast iron pipe to carry it. Practically every city in America - large or small - uses it for water and gas mains. In over 60 of them cast iron pipe has served for a century or more. No other pipe can point to such a long and useful record of service to the nation. CAST IRON PIPE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION tho •. F. Wolfe, Managing Director, 122 So. Michigan Avenue, Chicago 3, III. CAB'1' ~l Il\IlN (}1\Sl' Ill()N I)IPI~CENTURIES SERVES FOR 4 Sporton Engineer Editorial Education Through Cooperation The Cooperative Engineering Education plan pro- vides a chance to gain practical experience along with the formal education necessary for a degree in engi- neering. This is possible through the cooperation of several industrial companies. A student, under this plan, spends part of his time working in his major field instead of just going to classes. The first two years he goes to classes as usual, but starting the third year he alternates terms between school and work. This arrangement gives the student a chance to apply what he has learned in the classroom and laboratory. Better understanding of the class work should result from this chance to put it to immediate use. Since the student would require five years to complete his schooling there might appear to be the possibility of some financial hardship. The answer to this is that he would be working half of the time during the last three years and would be able to earn enough to pay school expenses during the other half. Thus, after the first two years, it would actually be easier to meet the financial needs. This would help students who other- wise would have to drop out of school because of lack of money. Why not consider this plan for yourself? Industrial leaders seem to think that is a very good thing, and also most people feel that "experience is the best teacher." jrs 5 May 1955 MUCH MORE THAN MEETS THE EYE GOES INTO DOW PACI(AGE DESIGN Engineers and ocular cameras, salesmen, lawyers and artists conlbine talents to produce a unified "sales team" for Dow Tin cans and tank cars, cardboard cartons and fiber drums, giving an accurate record of how the package was scanned. bags and bottles of sundry shapes, carry Dow products to When analyzed, these pictures show which design ele- world markets. In addition to quickly describing its con- ments dominated, the order in which the product message tents, each package should speak for'the product's quality was read and so forth. The result-an accurate test of and should reflect the company which produced it. Dow whether the package is doing its job, unimpaired by un- recently redesigned its packages with these objectives dependable personal likes and dislikes. in mind. The design chosen and prin ted, thousands of packages Developing effective design while maintaining family leave Dow plants daily selling Dow quality and dependa- resemblance for hundreds of Dow products was not an bility to the world. Package design is a big job, yet it's but easy task. The abilities of hundreds of people and many one step in a product's progress from research laboratory machines were involved. Designers, engineers, salesmen, to customers' hands. lawyers and artists all were called upon to contribute their particular knowledge. Whether yon choose research,production or sales, yon An ocular camera played a vital role in choice of design. canfind a challenging career with Dou'. Write to Tech- A subject sits before the camera and the test package is nical Employment Department, TilE DOW CIIEMICAL briefly exposed. Meanwhile, a moving picture is made of COMPANY. Midlnnd. Michifinn or Freeport, Texas lor the booklet "Opportunities lfith The Dow ChemLcal the subject's eyes. The picture is printed and played back, Company" -you'll find it interesting. you can deperuI on DQW ClJEMICADS ~ 6 Spartan Engineer More and better jobs for more people President Harlow H. graduates comprise a mere two per cent of total G ENERAL MOTORS Curtice speakin g: GM employment, they will eventually fill about forty per cent of executive posts if the "Just as an example of how job opportunities in General Motors have grown, here is what established pattern continues. has happened since 1940. Why not, then, look into the possibility of "In 1940, we had 233 thousand employes on enjoying a rewarding career as a GM engineer? our payrolls in the United States and Canada. You'll be interested in a big new 136-pagehand- In 1955, our employment totals 520 thousand book entitled, "Job Opportunities in General - an increase of 287 thousand good jobs in Motors." Your college library or placement only 15 years." office should have it. It stands to reason that a climate where job opportunities expand with such rapidity must be especially fruitful of career opportunities for GM Positions Now Available young men holding engineering degrees. In These Fields: For, in the final analysis, the very life's blood MECHANICAL ENGIN EERING of our organization is the never-ending pro- ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING dUction of "more and better things for more CHEMICAL ENGINEERING people" -and that, very definitely, requires the METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING engineering mind at its best. In point of fact, although engineering GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATION Personnel Staff, Detroit 2, lvfichl;f[an 7 May 1955 - ----~.-._--~ ... CLUBS AND SOCIETIES by Shirley Prikasky ASME At a recent joint meeting of the Detroit Section and Central Michigan Sub-section of ASME here at Mich- igan State, four of the members put on what was agreed by all to be a rather hilarious comedy skit. The quartet entertained the group with a vocal rendi- tion of the "The Thermo Blues," a lively melody sung to the tune of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic." They crashed into the meeting, completely un- announced and commanded attention, much to the amazement of the surprised and totally unprepared members who had just finished a formal business Giving out with the Thermo Blues are from left meeting. The mad four were clad in coveralls and to right: Roger Preuss, Dick Hartung, ~y Cole, and Bill Flynn at a recent ASME meeting. smocks, and carried a six foot slide rule, three foot oil can, several oversized tee squares, clip boards, and Unless the second law could up it a couple more, a pail of entropy, among other items. But then it might be seven if the thermostat was One of the quartet, after exuberantly howling out good several verses, coIJapsed exhausted to the floor, only Or it might be almost zero if one rightly under- to be quickly revived with several good gulps of stood. entropy from the entropy pail. Then after several more off-key verses, they dashed CHORUS:Same. hastily out of the room, leaving all somewhat confused and amusde. The professor read his paper with a corregated brow Here are the lyrics to the infamous Thermo Blues: Fo1' he knew he'd have to grade it, but he didn't Free energy and entmpy were whirling in his brain, quite know how. With partial differentials and Greek letters 'in their 'Till a sudden inspiration on his cerebellum snwte, train. And he seized his trusty fountain lJen and this is For Delta, Sigma, Gamma, Theta, Epsilon, and Pi what he wrote. Were driving him distracted as they danced before his eyes. CHORUS:Same. CHORUS: Glory, glory, dear old thermo Just as you guessed the entmpy, I'll have to guess Glory, glory, dear old thermo your grade, Glory, glory, dear old thermo But the second law won't raise it to the mark you I'll get you by and by. might have made, For it might have been one-hundred if your guess had been good, H eat content and sugacity revolved within his mind But I think it will be zero 'till they're rightly under- Like molecules and atoms that you never have t; stood. wind. With logarithmic functions doing cakewalks in his CHORUS:Same. dreams And partial molar quantities devouring chocolate Several ASME members have also entered a speech creams. contest. Their speeches had to be limited to fifteen minutes on some technical subject. CHORUS: Same as above. The first presentation of the speeches was at the April 14 ASME meeting before student members an.d They asked him on the final if a mole of ant gas faculty. The top four winners again presented their In a vessel with a membrane through which hydro- speeches at the Senior ASME Central Michigan Sub- gen could pass section meeting held at Jackson on April 20. There, Were compressed to half its volume what the entropy members of industry picked the winner and a runner- would be up to represent MSC at the Student Midwestern If two-thirds Delta Sigma equaled one-half Delta Pi. Conference held in Toronto, Canada, on April 28 and 29. At Toronto, students from twenty colleges and CHORUS:Same. universities presented their speeches in competition for cash prizes. The first prize was $50 and an He said he guessed the entropy would have to embossed certificate. equal four In addition to the speech competition, delegates 8 Spartan Engineer toured laboratories and industry near Toronto, attend- from the food, but the exhibitors were very generous ed discussion groups, a banquet, and a dance. in their contributions to the Society. A resume of past ASME programs shows an attempt The second project is slated to take place during to provide material useful to all those in the engineer- this term in connection with the Centennial of Farm ing field. Dr. Clyde DeWitt spoke on the "Surface Mechanization. This hugc show is being sponsored of Things." From the Columbia Southern Chemical by the Agricultural Engineering Department, from Corporation, Mr. A. C. Sherrill gave a picture of what August 15-20, 1955. The Department has agreed to Mechanical engineers could do in the Chemical indus- hire Society members to construct a large arch, which try. Plastics was the topic discussed by Mr. C. R. will be placed over the entrance to thc exhibition Webster of the Dow Chemical Company. And films grounds, located south of the Agricultural Engineer- were shown on the Gas Turbine and Magnesium. ing Building. Approximately seven-eighths of our Future programs promise to be just as interesting members have offered to donate the wages from one and informative. A series of two talks on the guaran- Saturday's work on this project to the Society's teed annual wage are planned; the first one by a treasury. member of management and the second by a member Spring term will also see the occurrence of our of the union. Also coming up is a meeting devoted annual student-faculty picnic and softball game. This to the subject of atomic energy in power plants. event is sponsored by the Society, with the faculty wives bringing delicious home made dishes. Last year, approximately one hundred and twenty faculty members and students attended. We are planning, this year, for an even larger and more lively get together than we had last year. ASM The last meeting of the American Society of Metals was highlighted by the very practical and informa- tive speech given by Dr. Gotsch of the American Can Company. The effect of corrosion from acid foods and carbonated beverages was one of the points he discussed. This corrosion can be inhibited by a zinc or organic coating on the can. ASM is again having its Senior picnic this spring. Both students and faculty enjoy this annual event. The Seniors were also honored at the annual Colle- From left to right famous sports car racer Mr. giate night put on by the Detroit chapter on April 11. Arkus-Duntov, Neil Newman, and Charles Meyka at the April 14 SAE meeting. Besides being treated to a wonderful banquet, they were the subject of the main speaker's address, "The SAE Factors Sought for in Graduating Engineers." Mr. Scott Hill who is the Recruiting Superintendent for Mr. Zora Arkus-Duntov, famous racing driver and Research Engineer with Chevrolet Division of General General Electric brought out the importance of knowl- edge, imagination, adaptability, and courage in the Motors, really thrilled his audience at the April 14 engineering graduate who would like to make good. SAE meeting with a very interesting account of his racing career. He has taken in most of the circuits in Europe, just recently winning a formula class at AFS LeMans, France. The two hour LeMans sports car During this past college year, the American Foun- race is the largest in the world. He also traced the drymen's Society has on record many good ReId trips. development of the sports car up to present day. Fall term AFS members went through Saginaw May 3 "Automotive Suspension Systems" was the Malleable Iron, a division of General Motors. There subject of a talk given by Mr. F. R. McFarland, Chief they watched the new shell molding process, a recent Engineer of Project Research and Development at the modern development in the industry. Afterward at Studebaker-Packard Corporation. Frankenmuth, Michigan, they had dinner with the Saginaw Valley Chapter. And a Senior-send off will usher off the graduating The Midwest Foundry at Coldwater, Michigan, was Seniors into the business world. visited winter term. Of particular interest to those who went was the precision molding using lost wax ASAE process. They saw how a ball and socket joint can Our Society does not differ from the others when be made and Rtted to a disabled so that he can walk it comes to balancing the treasurer's report at the again. X-ray testing is used on the many different end of the year. To increase the Society's yearly products made there to filter out any possible defects income, we have recently undertaken two projects. in Government orders. One of these was enacted during Farmers' Week This term the AFS ReId trip is out to the Cadillac when the A.S.A.E. members served lunch to the lVIotcrs Production Foundry. It is a practical experi- exhibitors in our Club Room. Due to campus regula- (Continued on page 40) tiens, we were unable to realize any direct proRts 9 May 1955 VI ..<: 0.. ~ ...oo Ol ..<: 0... an interview: "I thought somebody was kidding me!" exclaimed attractive Sue Johnson, while recalling the Sue Johnson phone call informing her of selection as Miss Engineer of 1955. The 18-year-old, 5'6", 115 pound freshman from Miss Engineer Toledo, Ohio, throughout the one hour interview displayed a lively, subtle sense of humor, embodied in a complimentary air of sophistication - reminding by Emory Geisz me very much of movie star Grace Kelly. Spartan Engineer Assistant Editor View on Men Sue's scintillating hazel eyes sparkled a bit more as she described "my type of fellow." When first confronted with the problem of relating a view on men, she thoughtfully hesitated, then answered, "I don't know - I suppose he should be lots of fun and good looking. As far as marriage goes, he should have ambition - get along well-like to sail and swim (her favorite outdoor pastimes)." Momentarily she stopped speaking. Then breaking into a laugh, she added, "And he should not be a complete idiot!" Incidentally, Sue is not pinned. She was entered in the Miss Engineer contest by her dormitory, East Mayo. Sue's quite the gal, brains plus beauty, a 3.7 all-college. Doing desk work for the Wolverine and selling books for STUN have been her primary extra-curricular activities. Also, she is in the process of pledging Kappa Kappa Gamma sorority. When asked what she does for recreation on campus, she replied like a typical student, "Oh, ! ~ don t know what I do with all my time. It just goes. t~."",r~ She is enthusiastic about most sports. Besides sailing and swimming, Sue's favorite hobby is art. 10 Spartan Engineer Miss Engineer and interviewer Geisz. --~ Upon graduation, with a degree in Education, her ambition is to teach elementary school, second or third grade. Teaching art to youngsters would be especially ideal, she said. Unusual Experiences "What was your most unusual experience here at State?" She appeared puzzled for a moment, then smiled at me, looked puzzled again, and finally with a big grin on her face responded, "This interview - I think." Her most unusual experience before coming to Michi- gan State occurred last summer. She painted a cottage. Sounds like great fun (?). Sue graduated from DeVilbill High School in Toledo. At high school she acted in school plays and took a hand in painting scenery. Members of her court are: Janet Knopf, Mason sophomore and Alpha Omicron Pi; Kathy Arnold, Battle Creek freshman and Abbot Hall; Charlene Herndon, East Lansing junior and Gamma Phi Beta; and Jerry Warner, Kalamazoo sophomore and Alpha Phi. As traditional, Miss Engineer is crowned at the annual engineer's dance, Holiday Ball, and reigns Over the annual Engineering Exposition. The Future Maybe we will be seeing much more of Sue John- SOn. Remember what happened to Michigan State's Miss Engineer of two years ago, Jan Somers First, Miss Engineer; then Miss J\ISC, J\1iss Big Ten, and finally Miss Michigan. May 1955 11 Development of the Rocket Engine by ChaTles Puma, M.E. '58 IN THE EARLY DAYS of the Christian era, the in the firing chamber and is released through small philosopher Hero invented the Aeolipile, a device openings called jets. When this pressure is released, which demonstrated the principle of jet propulsion. it causes unequal pressure on that side of the wall A long time after Hero's invention came the inven- which moves the rocket in the direction opposite to tion of the "horseless carriage" and the airplane, and that taken by the escaping gas. The liquid power much later, the rocket engine - which is dependent plant's action is somewhat similar to that of the solid on the principle shown by the Aeolipile. From knowl- power plant, except that the liquid power plant edge of the rocket engine, ideas have evolved which requires tanks and valves for the oxygen and gaso- include many of the weapons used by the United line. The gasoline and oxygen are pumped into the States Army and Navy, jet airplanes, and even inter- firing chamber, where they are ignited, and react to planetary and inter-space travel. form hot gases which exert pressure in the same way as the solid fuel power plant. The Aeolipile, operating somewhat like a lawn sprinkler, was a spherical or cylindrical vessel free to These principles of the rocket were used as early rotate about its horizontal axis, defined as a pair of as 1258 by the Chinese. Their rockets consisted chiefly Trunnions. One trunnion was hollow to permit the of gunpowder tightly wrapped in paper, called fire entry of two jets of steam from a stationary boiler. arrows, which were first used by the Chin Tartars in When the pressure in the trunnion was increased, the the defense of their capitol. steam escaped from the hollow one, causing the unit Until about 1825 rockets had been used mainly to spin on its axis. for war. New ideas for the use of rockets began Newton's Third Law of Motion states that "for arising, and in spite of improvements, rockets were every action there is an equal and opposite reaction." out-performed by guns. This demonstrates the principle of jet propulsion and Before 1926 rockets were usually powered by the explains the action of the Aeolipile. solid fuel power plant. In March 1926, Dr. Robert H. A. toy balloOl~can better demonstrate the principle Goddard first introduced the use of liquid fuel to of Jet pr.opu~slOn. If a filled balloon is suddenly the combustion chamber. The added power made released, It WIll travel wildly in the direction opposite possible speeds of up to 700 miles per hour, but with to that taken by the escaping gas. The unequal the additional weight, the old method of steering was pressure of gas inside the balloon creates motion. no longer effective and the rocket seldom landed When the nozzle of the balloon is released, it lowers where it was directed. the pressure on that side, while the pressure on the In 1927 William Hale made an important contri- other wall remains constant until much of the air bution to rocket engine research by discovering an ~scapes. The balloon stays in motion as long as there effective alternative to the stabilizing stick. He IS unequal pressure acting on its walls. installed three curved vanes in the orifice of the Rockets, like balloons, can travel in a void. Rockets rocket motor. The jets, acting on these vanes, caused are designe? to carryall the fuel needed to Support the rocket to spin, thus providing the necessary the propulSIve process. The height at which a rocket stabilization. This principle is still in use today. can operate is confined to man's knowledge of con- The rocket in its more advanced stages was due struchon. It has been shown that a rocket will react to German research. The first to be developed was more efficiently at extreme altitudes. This is possible of the type known as the A-3. In this rocket, the because as previously stated, the rocket carries its fuel supply was sufficient for only 45 seconds, but own oxygen: and at higher altitudes, the air is less that was sufficient time to allow the rocket to rise den~e, causmg less air resistance to the forward to a height of 45,000 feet. These rockets were small, mohon. resembling a long narrow cylinder about two feet Th~ r~cket is powered by two types of fuel: solid in diameter and 25 feet in length, and had wide and hqUl~. Solid fuel is simply a tube packed with vanes at the tail for stabilization. It was an example poo: ~u~hty gunpowder, which, when ignited, bums of things to come for from it came the vicious V-2 unhlIt IS converted to gas. This gas creates pressure rocket. (Continued on page 38) 12 Spartan Engineer I~----------------------------------------------- -----------------------------------, I I I I A Campus-to-Career Case History I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I "This is ""hat I did yesterday" "I like a job that keeps me jumping," says Bill the installers, then arranged for special tools and Jermain, c.E. from Marquette, '52. "And my first bolts to be delivered to the job. management assignment with Wisconsin Telephone 11 :30-"Drove across town. Made a 'quality in- Company does just that. I'm Service Foreman at spection' on a telephone installed last week. Every- ~heboygan, with nine installers, and that means thing checked O.K. variety of responsibility. But judge for yourself. Here's a quick run-down of what I did yesterday, 12 :OO-"Lunch. on a typical day- ~ :OO-"Picked up film for next day's safety meet- Ing. Watched the film, made notes for discussion. 8:10-"Checked day's work schedule. One of my new men was putting in a buried service wire, and 2:00-"Met with moving company manager to esti- 1 went over the job specs with him to be sure he mate cost of telephone cable lifting for a hOllse had things straight. moving job. Drove the route he had planned and worked out schedule for construction crews. 8:30-"Answered mail while my clerk checked 3 :30-"Returned to aluminum booth installation. time sheets from previous day. Went over wiring specs with the electrician. 9 :30 -"Out to supervise installation of the first 4:00-"Stopped at Central Office to pick up next aluminum Outdoor Telephone Booth in my ex- day's orders. Met installers at garage as they change. Reviewed the assembly instructions with checked in and assigned next day's work." Bill has heen in his present joh ahout a year, and is looking forward to new responsibilities as his experience increases ... as are the many young college men who have chosen telephone careers. H you'd be interested in a similar opportunity with a Bell Telephone BELL Company ... or with Bell Telephone Laboratories, Western Electric TELEPHONE or Sandia Corporation ... see your Placement Officerfor full details. SYSTEM I L -----------------------------~ 13 May 1955 10,000,000 horsepower for America's defense ••• Two years ago we announced the world's most powerful production aircraft engine. Since then, the J-57 turbojet has been se- lected by many top airframe manufacturers to power their most outstanding new designs. For these fighters, bombers and transports, we have built over 1000 complete engines - the equiva- lent of more than 10,000,000 horsepower. Today the J-57 is still unmatched anywhere - an important factor in this country's su- premacy in the air. Division of United Aircraft Corporation East Hartford 8, Connecticut c?mPa.nie.s ° o. ° found that scholastic standings gave ltttle lndzeatwn of success Shown here in conference are the placement bureau officials. From left to right: Robert Clark-asst. director in charge of alumni place- ment, Wayne Tinkle-placement asst. in charge of part time student employment and summer employment, Jack Breslin--director of the place- ment bureau, and Frederic Bennetts-asst. direc- tor in charge of educational placement. Here, in a typical interview, a company repre- sentative is shown with an interviewee. The Big Move try realizes that most Michigan State students are by Harlow Nelson, M.E. '56 from the midwest and relies on Michigan State heavily for their manpower needs. "VERY SOON YOU will be making one of the These companies all have one stereotyped student most important moves of your life - that of obtain- in mind when scouting for a prospective employee. ing a good job." In a letter sent to the seniors of the Invariably they look for a man who they feel can School of Engineering by Jack Breslin, director of the some day work his way into management. This is Placement Bureau, this was the opening sentence. always the prime criteria. Because of this attitude, It calls our attention to a decision that will have to scholastic standing has lost its distinction of being be made in. the near future. The letter also informed the dominating factor. In surveys made by com- the seniors' of the fine Placement Bureau which we panies it was found that scholastic standings gave have at our disposal here at Michigan State, and little indication of success, for "average" students encouraged them to make use of it. It is not too were doing as well, and in some cases better, than early to extend this advice to all students so that the "top" students after ten years in industry. Demon- they may become acquainted with this service and strated leadership has assumed the role of major learn to use and understand it. importance. Industry feels that participation in campus organizations, clubs and societies gives a Every major concern in the nation is represented each year at the Placement Bureau. Small companies greater indication of future success. also are well represented. Last year, 52 concerns Another consoling fact is that industry has accepted that employed 100 employees or less were repre- the fact that many men face military service after sented. These companies were from all corners of graduation, and as a result, 93.2 % of the employers the nation. Twenty-four states and 436 companies in last year stated they would employ men who antici- all were represented. Most of them made two or pated military service. Incidentally, it is much to three visits during the year. Eighty-five percent of your advantage to affiliate with the company for these concerns were interested in engineers. An inter- which you plan on working, before service. Money esting fact to be noted was that from 281 companies that would be spent contacting employers after there were 17,093 positions available for engineers service is saved. Also, valuable experience may be at an average salary of $4,289. The real opportunity gained by military duty along civilian occupational for engineers can be seen when these facts are com- lines if employed by a company doing work for pared to the 296 graduates of engineering last year. defense. Naturally, as it seems, the midwest is most heavily The tremendous amount of research that needs to be done has put a premium on men with advanced represented among these companies. This is prob- degrees. Experience is also desired by industry. ably due to the tendency of college graduates to return to home, or close by, to work. Midwest indus- (Continued on page 40) 15 May 1955 * STAFF POSITIONS Open on The SPARTAN lhOlVllg-hlle8S ... ENGINEER A Key to K & E Leadership Thorough knowledge and care of minutest detail were essential to the designing of the sturdy, ac- curate Paragon Drafting Machine. Draftsmen * prefer the Paragon, because it is time-saving, work-sparing, reliable, easy to operate, and be- cause they don't have to treat it with kid gloves. Thoroughness is one of the keys to K&~ leader- ship in drafting, reproduction, su~veYl~g a.nd Apply Third Floor, optical tooling equipment and materials, In slide rules and measuring tapes. Union Building. KEUFFEL & ESSER co. New York Hoboken, N. J. Chicago • St. louis • Detroit San froncisco • Los Angeles • Montreal * INDUSTRIES THAT MAKE AMERICA GREAT RUBBER ••• BOUNCING HIGHER AND HIGHER Rubber, natural and synthetic, is so elastic in its applications to daily living that mil- lions of people ride on it, walk on it, sit on it, sleep on it-in fact, use it in more than 80,000 differ- growth, steam has made-and is making-a basic contribu- ent products. 1,498,906 tons were consumed in 1953 alone. tion. Without steam and its t.eammate power, many of the This industry's remarkable growth (U.S. consumption of accomplishments of rubber would have been more difficult, 2,419,700 tons, or 27.7 pounds per person, is forecast for impracticable or even impossible to. attain. 1960) is Iargely due to management's wisdom in reinvesting profits in the tools of production and distribution to en- B&W, through its own vast program of research and courage company growth. development, coupled with boiler building experience dating back almost a century, has made major contributions of its Anyone whose memory goes back 10 years or more can own to the science of steam generation for processing, power remember the heroic efforts of the rubber companies by and heat-and through them to the modern-day marvels of which they averted a serious wartime rubber shortage which rubber. threatened both military transport, and family transporta- 6i~.";( tion. The phenomenal gains made by the rubber industry in the last decade !lave met civilian demands and have provided BABCOCK J ((/J an emergency stockpile as well. And in this history of rubber research, development and & Wll.eox. I B;ILER DIVISION N.200 16 Spartan Engineer Technical Writing Opportunities for Engineering Graduates By H. C. McDaniel, Manager of and C. A. Sca1'lott, Editor of Technical Publicity Westinghouse Engineer Westinghouse Electric Corporation HERE ARE MANY editor-writer opportunities found in "The Nation's Leading House Magazines," for the young engineer who has a desire to interpret published by the Gebbie Press, New York City. in a form usable by his profession, the significance of Study these volumes. As you do, make a list of engineering developments. The opportunities lead in the magazines you think you might like to work for. two directions: one to the technical periodical pub- Read several issues of each magazine on your list. lishing business; the other to public relations work in Note first the number of people on the editorial staff- industry. Both have the advantage of offering a the larger the staff the greater opportunity to break continuing education in engineering as the successful into the field and get some experience. editor-writer visits plants where things are made and Next, study the table of contents and note especially is brought into intimate contact with people who the type and kind of feature articles carried. Also, design and make these things. the departments: Operating Shorts, Maintenance The job of reducing to usable form newly-found Pointers, Kinks, How-To, Ideas of the Month, etc. knowledge is as important as the discovery itself. As you leaf through the magazine notice the number Unless the significance of the discovery can be ex- of by-lined feature articles compared to the staff- plained to others, that new knowledge cannot be put written features. This is your tip-off to the time to use by the profession generally. So, the need for spent editing other people's writing to that of re- competent engineering editor-writers increases with searching, gathering data and writing the article your- each new branch that is added to the engineering self. Scan the news items, new products, and new family tree. Of significance also is the fact that pay materials items to get the feel of this end of the book. is comparable to that for engineering work while t~e Finally, study the advertising carefully. Note spe- opportunities for advancement are equal to those m cifically the products advertised for this is your cue in any profession. to the readership; the tip-off to the kind of industries The qualifications needed for this work can be and businesses you'd be associated with if you worked summed up in seven words: Engineering education; for that magazine. Journalistic skill; Imagination; Diplomacy; and The name and title of each person on the staff is Cooperativeness. found on the masthead. Here is what each does: What you should look for and what you need to the publisher is charged with the responsibility .of know about these job opportunities, where to look making the magazine pay; therefore, has under hlln for this information who to get in touch with, and a business staff and an editorial staff. The former how to write that l~tter of application are covered in sells advertising space while the latter develops and detail in this article. produces the editorial copy. Technical Periodicals The editor - who reports to the publisher - is re- There are nearly 2000 periodicals published in the sponsible for setting the editorial polic~ ~nd philos~- United States aimed at 150 different fields of interest phy and with the publisher, of determll1l11gthe edi- in industry and business. A detailed analysis of the torial diet. The managing editor - who reports to the editorial content and the readership of each of these editor - sees to it that copy is in on time and that magazines can be' found in "The Editorial. Director( the magazine is printed and mailed on schedule. ~he 01' "The Standard Rate & Data Service-Busmess PublI- technical associate, and assistant editors must lll1e cations Edition." The former is published by the up articl~s that have been scheduled for publication Galub Publishing Company, New York City; the ~att~r during the course of the year, must get these ~rti~les by Standard Rate & Data Service, Evanston, Illll1OlS. written on time, and must edit them for publIcatIOn. In addition, there are some 1500 periodica~s pub- In addition, they are frequently assigned to do a staff lished by industry itself that are aimed at this sam.e story. group of industrial and business re~de~'s. ~he edl- (Continued on page 19) torial analysis of this group of publIcatIOns lS to be 17 May 1955 PITTSBURGH PLATE HAS MANY IRONS IN THE FIRE ... maybe you should have a griP on one of them! Although Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company is the best wide and in many foreign countries. Progressive policies known name in glass, it is also one of the nation's leading assure unlimited opportunities for alert men who are producers of paints and brushes, of alkalies and related looking ahead to more than "just a job." chemicals, of plastics and fiber glass. PPG is seeking good men with college training. If you These multi-industry operations offer the college grad. think you'd like to try your "grip" on one of the many uate many and varied types of careers in manufacturing, PPG "irons," you're invited to write today for more research, marketing, sales and administration. information. Just address: Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, PPG's record is one of continual growth throughout General Personnel Director, One Gateway Center, Pitts- its more than 70 year history. Its operations are nation- burgh 22, Pennsylvania. PAINTS . GLASS . CHEMICALS . BRUSHES . PLASTICS . FIBER GLASS PITTSBURGH PLATE GLASS COMPANY 319 PLANTS, MERCHANDISING BRANCHES, AND SALES OFFICES LOCATED IN 250 CITIES 18 Spa rtan Engineer Technical Writing (Continued from page 17) and application engineering work, keep fully acquaint- ed wI:h the progress of developments and guide the ~~ a ~ub e?,itor, ~,ou st~rt yo~r career writing and plannmg of publicity for all developments. This in- edltmg news and what s new items. As you gain clud~s givin.g counsel to authors of technical or engi- experience, develop a feel for your readers, and be- neenn.g artIcles, gathering information and writing come more facile with words, you'll find your assign- news .It~ms,. new products and sales literatme pieces, and SImIlar Items of interest to the readers of tcchnical ments becoming more interesting; more stimulating; J~agazines. They assist in planning visual aids, some- more challenging. Assuming you'll continue to do tunes ~e~'sonally directing the taking of photographs. what's expected of you, you'll find from that point I~ addltlOn,. they must obtain clearances for publica- on - usually a period of two to four years - that your tIon from mterested groups within the Company. responsibilities will increase, your progress will be They must also plan and assume the responsibility forward, and your pay will move upward. of placement of material with the editors of the In general, staff editors of scientific society journals appropriate technical magazines. and of engineering association magazines do not have In the. case of tec~nical articles and write-ups to the freedom and latitude for editing that an editor appear m the Westmghouse Engineer, the editor- has on a technical or trade magazine. There are writ~r, working with the managing editor and pro- notable exceptions to this general rule and you can du.ctI.on department, prepare the manuscript for spot these the moment you read the introductory pnntmg, plans and assists the art department with paragraph to one of the articles or papers. Where the illustrations. In short, he works the story through editing is restricted by rules, the opportunity to flex the actual printing, including proofreading. your ~m~giI?a:ion and to develop an articulate writing This is the basic function. There are others. The style IS mhlblted" but there are compensating factors. editor-writers help plan and execute meetings with The editors of these journals sometimes serve as secre- groups of editors for the disclosure of a new develop- tary or managing director of the society in addition ment or for the exchange of engineering information. to being editor and in such capacity are afforded an They arrange and schedule visits for editors of tech- excellent opportunity to develop their administrative nical magazines with company engineers, executives, organizational, and managerial abilities. ' or plants. Random activities include assistance to Sta~ editors of company subsidized engineering authors of books, assistance in preparing talks by magazmes - an outstanding example of which is the company executives, and trips to customers' installa- Westinghouse Engineer - work under a broad spec- ti?ns to gather information or to assist in taking trum of editing freedom. At one end is the almost pIctures. zero lack of freedom to develop and edit material. While all technical information operations of cor- At the other end is complete freedom in the choice porations may not embrace all the activities found of material and in the editing of this material. Within at ~estinghouse, basically all do the same thing in these limits, an editor on one of these magazines varymg degrees. The scope is determined largely works much the same as an editor on one of the by the size of the company. In general, the larger technical magazines. The principal difference is in the company, the broader the scope. Conversely, the his "beat." In the case of the company technical smaller the company, the narrower the scope. magazine, the "beat" is largely within the company with only an occasional trip outside. No such limita- What holds for corporation public relations depart- tion is faced by the editor on a technical magazine. ments, holds also for public relations departments of So, if you are averse to frequent and extensive travel, advertising agencies. Here, editorial and advertising but want to be in the technical writing profession, functions are more closely related as both are fre- quently handled by the same person for the same a job on a company published technical periodical client company. In general, agency work involves might be the solution to your problem. more fact gathering and creative writing than is Public Relations Work the case with the corporation. Of interest is the fact that a few agencies have set up a technical informa- The work of a technical editor-writer in the public tion group separate and distinct from their adver- relations department of a corporation is quite differ- tising department. ent from that of a staff editor on a technical magazine - yet, under the right conditions it can be as chal- Continuing Education lenging, as stimulating mentally, and as rewarding In a way, technical writing offers a continuing edu- financially. We can best illustrate what we mean by cation. The successful editor will observe Erst hand describing the Technical Publicity operation at practical engineering from concept of idea to opera- Westinghouse. tion of equipment. This requires keeping abreast of A sizeable staff of editor-writers gather, edit, and developments in the specilic and corollary fields. place in technical magazines and the Westinghotlse Such a job develops your powers of observation Engineer technical information about Westinghouse and discernment ... your ability to draw out a products and services. To do this, each editor-writer person, to get him to talk about the things that inter- is assigned a "beat" of two or three product divisions est him most ... and finally, your ability to report all and one or two engineering service departments. The you see and hear to your readers. To do these things editor-writers establish personal contact with those doing research, development, design, manufacturing (Continued on page 35) 19 May 1955 "NEW DEPARTURES" IN SCIENCE & INVENTION NIKOLA TESLA, THE MAN WHO HARNESSED NIAGARA Water, water, everywhere - and no power. That was Niagara Falls when Nikola Tesla began work on its power system in 1888. Now Niagara is one of the world's largest electric power plants. But to make the most of this power, many problems in electric motor design had to be overcome. New Departure ball bearings have helped solve many of them. For ex- New Departure ball bearings assure positive rotor support under all ample, motors with New Departure self-sealed ball loods in this motor. Bearing seals, pioneered by New Departure, k~ep bearings may be mounted in difficult-to-reach locations lubricant out of the motor. Shields on the reservoir side keep foreign matter out of the bearings. because the bearings will operate for years without atten- tion for relubrication or adjustments of any kind. Highly important also are the facts that these ball bearings resist loads from all directions and, being grease-lubricated, permit motors to be applied in any position from hori- ~~ N E 1N~_,~.;,:.{,DI~I~ zontal to vertical without loss of efficiency or trouble from lubricant leakage. Whatever the loads, New Departure PAATU A E ball bearings maintain accurate rotor-to-stator relation- " / }j BALL BEARINGS ship - are cool-running at all motor spee:ls. \] ';~/ /~ NEW DEPARTURE • DIVISION OF GENERAL MOTORS • BRISTOl, CONNECTICUT NOTHING ROllS LIKI A .... ll 20 Spartan Engineer Engineering graduates being interviewed at Westinghouse ••• IN 1896 ••• IN 1955 Now ... as In 1896 .. there's always room for ambition at Westinghouse George vVestinghouse was the first rccrui ter of engineering dents and later directed the Company's efforts. college graduates ... first to realize that ambitious young Here's an example of Westinghouse leadership. The men, with the vision, drive and spontaneous enthusiasm young engineer at the right is looking at the land-based of youth were the backbone of American industry. prototype for our country'sfirst atomic submarine engine Going further than recruiting, Westinghouse has led in ... designed and built by Westinghouse ... working with developing programs for training and helping young the Atomic Energy Commission and the U. S. Navy. engineers to reach their goals. Its famous Graduate There can be a great future for you at Westinghouse. For Student Program first shows them the many opportunities professional development, Westinghouse offers its Gradu- ate Study Program, available at 19 universities from coast open to them at Westinghouse, and then helps them take to coast, and leading to Master's and Ph.D. degrees ... advantage of the one they choose. Its million-dollar Edu- plus other programs tailored to fit your needs and desires. cational Center is the most advanced in industry. Yes, there's always room for ambitious men at West- Is it any wonder that much of the success of\'\Testinghouse inghouse ... and we help them reach their goals. G-l0284 has been due to engineers who came as graduate stu- Ask your Placement Officer about career oppor- tunities at Westinghouse, or write for these two ......,-~...u- YOU CAN 8E SURE ... 'F n$ booklets: Continued Education in Westinghouse (describing our Graduate Study Program) ..---- --.- .. and Finding rour Place in Industry. \\estinghouse Write: Mr. J. O. Campbell, Regional Educa- tional Co-ordinator, Westinghouse Electric -- -- --.- -..- ..... - - Corp" 306 Fourth Ave., Pittsburgh 30, Penna. --- May 1955 Long-Range Development Program Provides for New Engineering Test and Research Facilities • Allison's $75 million expansion program in ENGI- facilities are required ,,'hicb go fn tx)"ond the CApa- NEERING, RESEARCH and DEVELOPMENT facilities bilities of equipment in existence todily.ln recognition creates the need for a 40 per cent increase in oW' en- of this need. General l\lotor~ will add utensi\Ce high neering staff. perform.ilnce teu facilities to tho)c alrcady c:suhli-hed Completion of the five-year program-financed by and in oper,uion at the .Alli:)on Divi~ion:' General Motors-will give Allison, and Indianapolis. Alread)' a recogni.tt.-d leader in thc c~c~ign. d«.:Hlop' one of the world's most complete. beSt equipped, cen- ment and production of turbo-jet and turbo.prop en. ters for the development of new, higb performance gines, Allison NOW is in a po~ition to oller c\ cn tW'bo-prop and turbo-jet aircraft engines for born mili- greater opportunities to the technicull)'.train«.:d, ,,'cll. tal") and commercial use. qlUli6ed, young graduate ....ho i:) interested in huilding As General Motors President Harlow H Curtice his engineering career ",ith a rilce setter in the field. said in the announcement, "Engines in produ..:tion Whether you're still in school, or graduating ,hi) today annot meet the requiremenu of the aircraft of )'ear, ,,'e'd like to teJI )'0\1 morc ahout your 'engineering tomorrow where ability to operate at supersonic hU\lrellt Allhon. \\1tiu: to: speeds, and very bigb altitudes. will continue to he R. G. GIlJ.EN,a;.(}O(). J!ng/fleering College ContllCt demanded from engine builders _ •• To duign and ALLISON DIVISION, Gene"ll Motor. Corporgtion build enginu with such advanced performanc4:. teSt 'ndianapalil 6, '"diana. 21 NEW DEVELOPMENTS Diesels to Uruguay SllIl'mcllt (,f thl' "I\t~ -fourth diesel-electric locomo- tl\l' to Um,guay thi~ month completes a diesel-elec- trifkation program that will make that nation's rail- roads tlw fir:'>till thl' world to be completelv diesel- dl'drifil,illl'd IIl1ckr ~o\'l'ntllll'nt oWnt'r~hip. At the time, many oil bunting ~lt'am locomoti\'l'~ with an a\'erage Ugl:of 45 Yl'ar\ Wl'rt: in ,\l'r\icl' and had to be replaced, .\ (,()ll1prdwn,i\'l~ \tlldy of :l\"ailabll' t~pe~ of fueh, moth'l~ f'l'COml nt'Ctlr.lC)', For t's:.unpk the ,lead, cro,lking of frol!s doesn't Srnchrophnsing Retunll)' cuts SOllllcl two \\11)'" It di,turb a \lel'ping )x'r,on. but. when the frogs stop :redllCilS sound y()hnne hy 10 dc('ibds - llPPIO\illMtdy the :'>udden ab\l'nn' of \ound awakes the sll'l;'per, 25 pCT'Ccnt in the rohin - nnd smooths llnel ('\'{'n~ thl~ ~(:it-nti,ts noh'd. Th,lt i~ why ,irCllS - with tlll'ir up- :rclIlnlning sound 'to makc' 'it more nloccptuhle to the uud.do\\n pit<,'h- ('(lmllland atkntion. ('ar. (C... lin .. t'f4 on P"~(' JII) 23 May I9SS / A FEW OF THE MANYBENDIX G~O APYLICATIONS You Remember the Toy ... HERE'S THE REAL M~COY! PRINCIPAL DIVISIONS AND BASIC PRODUCTS JGUided Missile Direction ECLIPSE-PIONEER, TETERBORO, N. J. aviation instruments and components; foundry. SCINTILLA, SIDNEY,N. Y. aviation ignition systems; industrial engine magnetos; diesel fuel injection; electrical connectors; ignition analyzers. Polar Navigation REDBANK,EATONTOWN, N. J. Instruments electron tubes; dynamotors; inveders; AC-DC generators. BENDIXRADIO,TOWSON, MD. radar; auto, railroad, mobile and aviation radio; television. ECLIPSEMACHINE,ELMIRA,N. Y. bicycle coaster brakes, Stromberg* carburetors, Automatic Pilots electric fuel pumps, starter drives. ZENITHCARBURETOR, DETROIT,MICH. automotive, marine and small engine carburetors. BENDIX-SKINNER, DETROIT,MICH. micronic filters. PACIFIC,NORTHHOLLYWOOD, CALIF. telemetering equipment; hydraulic and electric actuators; depth recorders; boat steerers. Aircraft Attitude Instruments BENDIXFRIEZ,TOWSON, MD. meteorological instruments, precision instruments and recorders. BENDIXPRODUCTS, SOUTHBEND,IND. automotive brakes, carburetors, power steering; ~ncfi/GYROS . . . amazingly precise"tops"that help fly and i aviation brakes, landing gear, fuel metering . MARSHALL-EcLIPSE, brake blocks, brake lining, synthetic CINCINNATI, TROY,N. Y. CINCINNATI, OHIO resins. automatic viscosity regulators, nuclear products. navigate planes, guide missiles, poin~guns, take pictures, aim radar! BENDIXCOMPUTER, Los ANGELES,CALIF. digital computers. 1 HAMILTON, HAMILTON, OHIO jet engine controls and aircraft pumps. NE of the first gyroscopes on record is credited to It should be explained that a gyro does not stabilize For the complete picture of Bendix and ideas on h?w some LAKESHORE, ST. JOSEPH,MICH. O Bohnenberger; the date, 1810. Compared to today's precision-made gyros, of course, it was in the toy class. or control anything directly-except itself. ')f Our thousand products can contribute to the effiCiency of power steering and automotive UTICA,UTICA,N. Y. devices. But its peculiar ability to hold itself fixed, almoj~ourb.usiness, write to the ~ddress below for the brochure The evolution of the gyro from a novelty to a aviation components. unwaveringly, in any designated position despite the BendiXand Your Business. definite place of importance in the field of aviation and movements of the object to which it is attached, pro- MONTROSE, SOUTHMONTROSE, PA. our national defense program is worth noting. vides the gyro's user with a vital requirement-~ fir~tNGINEERS: Bendix diversity aviation components. The value of a gyro is in direct ratio to its accuracy. stable :eferen~e point on which to base calculatIOnS 0 offers unlimited opportunity to PIONEER-CENTRAL, DAVENPORT, IOWA Thus, even if early applications had been apparent, the correctIve actIons. , • aviation instruments and components; . . _con.'~penenced men and undergradu- ultrasonic cleaners . gyros of the 19th century could not have met the re- quirements. Developmg and manufactunng gyros and gyro. t .• ' YORK,YORK,PA. trolled instruments for blind flight automatIc plIo ~tes. Wnte for the mterestmg electronic devices; test equipment. , . h hasb Some of the first practical applications of the gyro and the famous Bendix Polar Path t compass whlc f the rochure "Bendix and Your Fu- were in instruments for airplanes. And while most BENDIX-ECLIPSE OFCANADA, LTD. made. polar navigation practical, is another fac~t 0 h n.lure" Windsor, Onto Bendix Gyros today still find their way into commercial BendiX Aviation Corporation's diverse operatIOn N J.. a and military airplanes, they also do many other jobs- dIed by our Eclipse-Pioneer Division, Teterboro, . BE BENDIXINTERNATIONAL help point guns, stabilize aerial photographic platforms, Contacting E-P will get you quick answers to problemsp' NDIX AVIATION CORPORATION New York City *REG. u.s. PAT. OF'; direct and stabilize radar antennas and many others. involving aviation instruments and components. laher Building Detroit 2, Michigan tEXCLUSIVE TRADE NAME OF BENDIX AVIATION CORP'CIIATtoN 24 25 Spartan Engineer May 1955 Firsts in Science and Engineering Accomplishments in science and engineering have given America an unparalleled standard of living. Countless men and many laboratories have contributed a steady flow of ideas which have brought new products and new processes. These products and processes have brought about drastic changes in American life. The first steam turbine was made more than 2,000 years ago by Hero of Egypt. Charles G. Curtis revolutionized steam tur- bine development about 1900 when General Electric founded their Research Laboratory, the nation's first industrial research laboratory. He invented a steam turbine that was the embryo of the modern steam turbine but it didn't work. A young GE engineer, W. L. R. Emmett, re-designed the Curtis turbine. By 1901 it was successfully completed and had a capacity of 500 kilowatts. General Electric then built the first "big" turbine (5,000 kilo- watts). It was installed in the Commonwealth Edison Company's for America's young Fiske Street Station in Chicago in 1903. The nation's first "big" engineers with capacity for turbine now stands in GE's Schnectady works with the inscrip- continuing achievements in tion "Monument to Courage." radio and electronics By 1908 the Grand Central Terminal in New York City had Today, engineers and physicists been electrified. It is now one of the most valuable pieces of are looking at tomorrow from the top of this tower ... the famed real estate in the world. Partially due to this experience, one Microwave Tower of Federal of history's greatest engineering adventures, the Panama Canal, Telecommunication Laboratories ... a great development unit of began in 1914. Involved were the movement of gates weighing the world-wide, American-owned 400 tons, the filling and emptying of locks 1,000 feet long and International Telephone and development of "electric mules" to haul the ships through the Telegraph Corporation. waterway. Here, too, is opportunity for the young graduate engineers of In 1908, eight years after GE's Research Laboratory had been America ... opportunity to be associated with leaders in the founded, Dr. W. D. Coolidge developed ductile tungsten. Before electronic field ... to work with his discovery, lamps had far less efficient carbon filaments. Dr. the finest facilities ... to win rec- Coolidge discovered that tungsten could be made ductile at ognition ... to achieve advance- ment commensurate with high temperatures and drawn into fine filaments. This discovery capacity. laid the ground work for modern electric illumination and made Learn more about this noted possible the modern tungsten lamp which was introduced in Tower of Opportunity ... its long- 1911. range program and generous em- ployee benefits. See your Place- Another development by Dr. Coolidge was the hot-cathode ment Officer today for further in- formation about FTL. X-ray tube in 1913 that paved the way for X-ray as it is today. Previous tubes, filled with gas, were unstable. The Coolidge INTERESTING ASSIGNMENTS IN- tube provided stability and was readily and accurately control- Radio Communication Systems able. Eledron Tubes Gas turbine experiments have been conducted since 1895 but Microwave Components Electronic Countermeasures it was in 1913 that a turbine was installed on the Navys "Jupitor." Air Navigation Systems Later the aircraft carrier "Langley" was equipped with a turbine Missile Guidance Transistors and other generator. On the basis of performance of the "Langley," turbine Semiconductor Devices generators and motors were selected for the "New Mexico." The Rectifiers. Computers. Antennas "New Mexico" was launched in 1915, the first all-electric ship. Telephone ond Wire Transmission Systems The nation's first turbosupercharger for aircraft was developed by Dr. Sanford A. Moss. This device enabled American fighting Federal planes to fly higher and faster in World War II. The turbo- supercharger work provided valuable background for the devel- Telwmmlloi'cati'ol1 opment of aircraft jet engines. .la/Jora/oriesl!t!t; These are only a few of the developments, involving many scientists and engineers, in research and production. Young A Division a/International engineers and scientists have taken their places alongside the Telephone and Telegraph Corporation veterans in the continuing assault on the technological frontiers. 500 Washington Avenue, Nutley, N.J. We, therefore, have sufficient reasons to expect a continuous flow of new products and new processes. 26 Sporton Engineer • of the basic industries In which Bendix products play a vital role ELECTRONICS ATOMIC ENERGY AUTOMOTIVE AVIATION , GUIDED MISSILES RADAR COMPUTERS MARINE RAILROAD PETROlEUM CONSTRUCTION AGRICULTURE A SOUND REASON WHY ~ncf~ OffERS TODAY'S ENGINEERING GRADUATE AN UNLIMITED fUTUREl Diversification is an important asset in business. thousand different products are produced by our 24 Especially so from the viewpoint of the engineer manufacturing divisions. As a result, we not only offer a wide choice of because: locations coast to coast but also career-building oppor- J t encourages and promotes freedom of ideas. Keeps engineering ingenuity flexible and adaptable. In short, tunities as broad as your ambition and ability in gives fnll vent to an engineer's creative ability ... mechanical engineering ... hydraulic mechanisms ... While at the same time it provides a healthy, stable, electronics magnetics ... computers ... servo- mechanisms radar research ... metallurgy ... secure foundation for both the company and the solid-state physics ... instrumentation ... radiation individual to build and expand. detection ... nuclear physics ... guidance and con- ] f diversification in business appeals to you as a trol systems plus many more engineering fields of graduate engineer, you'll be greatly iuterested in the Bendix Aviation Corporation. challenge. Write for your copy of "Bendix and Your Future." For Bendix is unlike any other company in America It gives the full story about Bendix, its products and in its versatility, facilities. experience, range of products and different fields of engineering endeavor. Nearly a employment opportunities. BENDIX AVIATION CORPORATION Fisher Building • Detroit 2, Mlchlgon A Bendix representative will be at your campus soon. Make a note now to talk with him. Check your placement bureau for time and date. May 1955 ».10 * t " ,..,.,$ .. i{ , You can't launch an ocean liner in a mountain stream Initiative alone is not the answer to a man's Columbia-Southern is going places and it needs cateer. A man can't travel far in narrow, limited good men. If you would like to be a part of this confines. Neither can he expand in an unprogres- organization, write today for funher information sive, stagnant organization. A man needs oppor- to Department P at our Pittsburgh address or any tunity to put his ideas into action. He needs to be of the plants. able ro move ahead without waiting for vacancies to occur from death or retirement. CO LU M B I A - SOUTH ERN Columbia-Southern is one of the fastest growing companies in the fast-growing chemical industry. CHEMICAL CORPORATION It is progressive, alert, and on the move. SUBSIDIAR.Y OF PITTSBUR.GH PLATE GLASS COMPANY Opportunities exist with Columbia-Southern in OIlE GATEWAY CENTER .PITTSBURGH 22. PENNSYLVANIA engineering, research and development, sales, plant DISTRICT OFFICES: Cincinnati Charlotte design, mining, construction, maintenance, pro- Chicago • Cleveland • Boston • New York duction, accounting, transportation and related St. Louis Minneapolis New Orleans Dallas • Houston • Pittsburgh • Philadelphia fields. San Francisco Columbia-Southern encourages its employees PLANTS: Barberton, Ohio • Bartlett, Calif. to grow professionally and the management be- Corpus Christi, Texas • Lake Charles, La. Natrium, W. Va .• Jersey City, N. J. lieves in placing men in positions of greater re- IN CANADA: Standard Chemical limited and its sponsibilitity as soon as they are ready for it. Commercial Chemicals Division 28 Spartan Engineer FORMULA FOR BETTER FARM.ING THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY seeks constantly air to produce ammonia. Standard has there- to extract the ultimate in valuable and useful fore completed plans to enter this important products from every barrel of crude oiL And chemical manufacturing field. progress along this line in one area frequently Anhydrous ammonia and nitrogen solutions brings with it advances in other related areas. are increasingly favored by midwestern farmers For instance, improved catalytic reforming and fertilizer processors as sources of nitrogen. methods developed by Standard Oil have This nitrogenous soil enrichment raises crop increased high octane gasoline yields. This yields and farm profits. improvement is accompanied by substantial Young scientists and engineers enjoy work- increases in available by-product hydrogen, ing where such constructive projects are which can be combined with nitrogen from the constantly discussed, planned, and developed. Standard Oil Company 910 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago 80, Illinois 29 May 1955 New Developments (Conlinued from page 23) Atomic Power Plant This scale model, built for the Atomic Energy Here's how the new method works: Commission, shows how the nation's first atomic- An electronic governor of the most precise variety powered electric generating station at Shippingport, keeps the propeller blades phased properly with an Pa., may look when completed in 1957. assist from four magnets and four coils. The core of the underground reactor, where the Flight test engineers put a permanent magnet on heat and steam is produced, consists of uranium fuel each propeller's spinner and a coil on each engine elements fitted into a cylinder about six feet in dia- nacelle. When the magnet passes the coil it sets up an electrical impulse - actually becomes a small generator. The generated impulse travels electrically to the governor, which compares the timing of impulses from each nacelle. If the pulses differ one-millionth of a second, the difference is registered and corrected. Correction on one type of propeller is accomplished hydraulically. An electrical message from the central electronic governor to a flyweight governor reconciles the errant blade angle with the other propellers. On the electric type of propeller used by many airlines, a motOr in the dome of each spinner recon- ciles the propellers. Portable Geiger Counter A portable, lightweight Geiger counter that permits field assay of radioactive substance and gives an accurate, timed count is being introduced this month. The counter, called the Countmaster, weighs just 71,4 pounds, including probe and shield. An accu- rate counting range is claimed up to 12,000 counts per minute. The "find" is Bashed upon four rows of tiny neon lights, where it remains until erased by the operator. More than a year of rugged environ- meter and contained in a steel vessel not more than mental and type tests preceded the introduction. 25 feet high. High pressure water flowing through In its development, project engineers incorporated the core is piped to the four boiler-like heat exchang- in the Countmaster techniques and circuitry devel- ers located in each corner of the underground reactor oped in the course of military research over the past building. Each of these "boilers" also is encased in decade. a steel container. Steam generated in the heat ex- changers is piped into the adjoining building to drive Lose a Planet? the turbine generator unit. The power generated will "Lost" planets are having a tough time staying that be carried to a switchyard at right and then over way when astronomers combine a telescope and the electric transmission lines to homes and factories in "electronic brain" to locate them. the Pittsburgh area. The Ohio River is at the left This time-saving combination was employed recent- end of the model. The building to the left of the ly when the planet Athalia, lost for 50 years, was reactor is a control center while the building to the rediscovered. right of the reactor is for laboratories and service facilities. The crane will be used in refueling and The planet, originally discovered photographically maintenance operations. at the Heidelberg Observatory in Germany on Sept. 20, 1903, was observed again on Sept. 29, Oct. 13 and 19. It was given the number 515 and the name Ice-slinger Hose Athalia. A new ice-slinger hose recommended for loading trucks, refrigerator cars and ice compartments of The orbit was computed for this planet from the ships with crushed ice has been announced. observations in the usual manner, but the planet was not photographed again until 1948. A special hose tube, made of "Armorite," with- stands constant pounding from jagged pieces of ice. Just recently, by using a computer, it was possible Armorite is an abrasion-resistant rubber said to out- to calculate the planet's orbit in just one minute wear steel 20-to-l in many applications. compared to weeks of hard work with a desk calcu- lator. The new hose operates as a suction hose up to full vacuum or as a discharge hose up to 30 pounds per The orbit path shown by the "electronic brain" square inch. Extra light and easy to handle, the hose ~evealed that the recent observations could be brought is reinforced with patented Spiralock construction in mto full agreement with the old observations of which folds of fabric are locked around a spiral wire Athalia at Heidelberg in 1903. in the hose wall. 30 Spartan Engineer ...'oj; ;"~.;...~" '.:~ ...... \ \""'~., I~ ~ 'II!. '1\ ~\ ~ \\ ,~ POWER .•. " \ \\ " " '\ .\\\ ~\ one of 3 great '" growth Industries Electric power from nuclear fuel ... diagram of Argonne National laboratory's experimental boil- ing water reactor, being built by Allis-Chalmers. GO with the company that's strong in all three! Hitch your future in engineering to the growth of the U. S. A.- and to a company that supplies the basic needs of growth! This nation is growing at the rate of 50,000 people every week! To supply the needs of these people: Electric power generation will double by 1965. A multi-billion dollar program of new highway construction CONSTRUCTION demands the vasttonnages is planned within the next ten years. of cement produced with Allis-Chalmers rotary Manufacturing output will have to increase by $3.5 billion by kilns and other processing machinery. this time next year. And Allis-Chalmers builds major equipment for all of these growth industries! Some examples are pictured here. Here's what Allis-Chalmers offers to Young Engineers: A graduate training course that has been a model for industry since 1904. You have access to many fields of engineering: electric power, hydraulics, atomic energy, ore processing. There are many kinds of work to try: design engineering, application, research, manufacturing, sales. Over 90 training stations are available, with expert guidance when you want it. Your future is as big as your ability can make it. Or, if you have decided your field of interest and are well MANUFACTURING depends upon the reli- qualified, opportunities exist for direct assignments on our able power of electric motors-like these 5000 engineering staff. hp Allis-Chalmers giants powering a rolling mill. G::J~:~;~~I;~:~f~;~M In any case-learn more about Allis-Chalmers. Ask the A-C RS ~~, 31 May 1955 HOW .... THE BACK COUNTS, TOO, in the manufacture of carpets. Hercules Dresinol@ solvent-free resin dispersions used in conjunction with latex, starch and HERCULES pigments, provide durable backings for popular-priced carpets. Dresinol furnishes either flexibility or stiffness; adds body to the carpet and improves adhesion of the backing for all types of cotton, wool and mixed fiber carpets. HELPS ... ..... AIMING FOR THE "POCKET", this bowler wants the alley he uses highly polished and free of "ruts". That's .... NEW ANTHRACITE-BURNING BOILERS, c1ean and compact, make playroom3 of why bowling alley surfaces are protected with nitrocel- basements the year round; even remove ashes automatically. Mining the lulose lacquer to keep them in top condition. The fast- millions of tons of anthracite used annually for residential, commercial and est drying protective coating known, lacquer makes it industrial uses would be impossible without explosives. For more than possible to put an alley back in play within hours after forty years, Hercules has pioneered in blasting techniques and equipment it has been refinished. This same tough finish protects to increase the efficient and safe use of explosives in mining, quarrying, bowling pins and other sports equipment. construction, and farming. HER.CULES POWDER. COMPANY HERCULES 986 Market St., Wilmington 99, Del. Sales Ofiiccs in Principal Cities SYNTHETIC RESINS, CELLULOSE PRODUCTS, CHEMICAL COTTON, TERPENE CHEMICALS, ROSIN AND ROSIN DERIVATIVES, CHLORINATED PRODUCTS, EXPLOSIVES, AND CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR INDUSTRY OTHER CHEMICAL PROCESSING MATERIALS 32 Spartan Engineer The Torrington Needle Bearing ••• designed for easy, effective lubrication iIi1 .. One major advan- under the lip of the bearing rather than in CIRCULATING OIL SYSTEM = tage inherent in the roller contact area. Textile machine For high speeds and heavy loads, a cir- -=- -- Needle Bearing de- spindle swing bracket below illustrates this method. culating oil system is preferred as it aids - .. ,'gn i,the<'" with in carrying away heat as well as in provid- ing a continuous supply of lubricant to • .. which the bearing the bearing contact surfaces. A typical can be lubricated. example of this method is shown in this The full complement of small di- Needle Bearing application in the valve ameter rollers continuously carries rocker arm of a large diesel engine shown a thin film of lubricant to all contact below. surfaces. The turned-in lips of the outer shell retain the lubricant and effectively seal out foreign matter. Methods of Lubrication When Needle Bearings are shipped, they are normally protected with a high-grade slushing compound which has lubricating value at ordi- THROUGH THE HOUSING Selecting A Lubricant nary temperatures. This compound When lubricant is to be delivered through the housing, an oil hole is furnished in the While oil is the best lubricant, it is is left in the bearings in most in- middle of the outer shell. In automobile difficult in many cases to retain it in stances. Needle Bearings in many king pin below, Needle Bearings are the bearing housing. In general, a applications run for long periods of lubricated with Alemite fittings through soda base grease is used in the ab- time without further attention to the oil hole. This oil hole in the outer sence of moisture, and a lime base shell should be outside the load area. original lubrication. grease when moisture is present. It There are several methods of is usually advisable to consult a providing additional lubricant to grease manufacturer regarding Needle Bearings, as illustrated and a particular application. described below. PERMANENT LUBRICATION These features make the For low speed and light load applications, Torrington Needle Beoring Unique as in the fingers of the automobile clutch • low coefficient of starting and running illustrated, the Needle Bearings are friction packed with grease before assembly. No o full complement of rollers additional lubrication is needed . • unequalled radial load capacity • low unit cost • long service life • compactness and light weight • runs directly on hardened shafts • permits use of larger and stiffer shafts I I THE TORRINGTON COMPANY /1-r Torrington, District Offices and Distributors Conn. South Bend 21, Ind. in Principal Cities of United States and Canada THROUGH THE SHAFT If it is necessary to lubricate through the TORRINGTO., NEEDLE ,.EARINGS shaft a hole is drilled along the shaft axis, with 'a cross hole leading under the lips of NEEDLE. SPHERICAL ROLLER. TAPERED ROLLER. CYLINDRICAL ROLLER. BALL. NEEDLE ROLLERS the Needle Bearing. This hole is located 33 May 1955 , news )l:Ilf! FOR ENGINEERING STUDENTS "IBM's a great place WHAT A YOUNG ENGINEER to work," says SHOU LD KNOW ABOUT IBM engineer now in IBM is a company on the move! New ideas, new ex- his 8th year with pansion create exciting opportunities. the company • IBM has a 41-year record of steady growth. Sales "Every year with IBM is have doubled on an average of every 5 years during more challenging than the the past 25. last," says Max E. Femmer, • IBM serves all industries, plus government and Development Engineer at Poughkeepsie. "It was a tre- education-diversified, non-seasonal markets free of mendous satisfaction in 1952 to help develop IBM's outstanding 701 Electronic Computer. Today, our the fluctuations of war and peace ••. your best projects and our work are even more interesting. Both assurance of stability and growth. my wife and I think IBM is a wonderful company." • Salaries are excellent-with advancement based on Mr. Femmer is Technical Administrator of the entire Elec- merit. Benefits include company-paid hospitaliza- tronic Data Processing Machine Development Program. tion, life insurance and retirement plans. IBM Introduces 12 New Products in Year NEW IBM MACHINE AUTOMATICALLY The 12 new products introduced in the past 12 months TRANSMITS DATA dramatize IBM's continuing diversification. Ranging from the versatile "Cardatype"-a major OVER TELEPHONE CI RCU ITS step forward in the simpliRcation of office work-to the Instantaneous and accurate transmission of engineer- gigantic NORC, the mos~powerful electronic digital ing and research data between widely separated computer ever built, IBM's products serve all indus- computer centers is now a reality, through tries plus government and education. development of the IBM Transceiver. Using telephone and telegraph networks, the Transceiver duplicates sets of punched cards at remote points- can be used to link plants or branches thousands of miles apart. IBM building 5 new labs FOR INFORMATION ON IBM CAREER By early next year, 1500 members of IBM's engineer- OPPORTUNITIES ing staff will be working in five new buildings now Ask at your College Placement Office for a copy of IBM's under construction (two sketched above). They will new booklet "Opportunities Unlimited" or write, giving details of your education and experience to: be built at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and at Glendale, N. Y. overlooking the Endicott Valley. W. M. Hoyt, Dept. 334 International Business Machines Corp. Ability is quickly recognized 590 Madison Avenue, New York 22, N. Y. -and rewarded At IBM, lack of years is no handicap. Frequently, the soundest creative thinking comes from young minds. OFFERS For example, average age of the engineering team YOU A~ that developed the 701, first of IBM's great electronic F"UTURE computers, was 28 years. 34 Spartan Engineer Technical Writing times called having a "nose for news." Really it is n:uch more than .that. It means visualizing a poten- (Cont.inued from page 19) tral st~ry that WIll have a particular appeal and of well means you must go beyond "merely being inter- eI~~h.usmgthe p~oject. engineer over the article possi- ested in developments." You must catch the signifi- ~Ihtres so he WIll wnte the piece for YOll. Tn addi- cance of the development: what will its import be on tron, .as the story develops, it means seeing ways of related developments; what is the trend-meaning of tr.eatmg .the facts or supplementing the text with the d~velo'pment? To do this kind of interpretative vI~ual aIds, either photographic or otherwise, that reportmg Job requires imaginative thinking coupled wI~1 ad~ to the reader's interest in the story. The wIth a g~nuine liking for people. Unless you are edItor, m short, must not only have in mind the blessed wIth both, this technical writing business is author's point of view, but also a very specific reader's not for you. point of view. There is one more aspect of this business that must TI~en there is diplomacy. An editor must possess be considered. It is this: technical writing by its c?nsiderable tact or those personal mannerism quali- natur~ preclu~es a very intensive understanding of tres usually associated with a successful salesman. any gIven subject. For anyone who wishes to learn An edi~or contacting engineers must be able, by the intimat~ aspects of a given phase of engineering, persuaSIve methods, to obtain their cooperation in the profeSSIOn of technical writing should be avoided. the preparation of articles or the presentation of For the most. ~art the work is done at a fairly high facts. Because engineers are busy and are not too speed on a ngid schedule and time is not available prone to write, considerable skill to win their respect for the full explanation of a subject that appeals to and confidence for the projects in mind is essential. the more technically-minded individual. Finally, there is cooperativeness. Because a tech- Qualifications Needed for a Technical Writer nical editor is part of an organization, he obviously must have these qualities that are necessary in almost First is engineering education. It is essential that any organizational activity. This is the ability to get a tech.nical editor have had a formal engineering along well with fellow editors and other members educatIOn. Naturally within the Westinghouse Com- of the organization, and to win their respect and pany, with the emphasis on electrical matters, we confidence. These involve such things as punctuality, look for graduate electrical engineers as the editor- courtesy, personal neatness, and teamwork. While writers work directly with design and application these seem obvious, otherwise good editors have engineers and therefore, must be able to "talk their been known to flounder on some of these personal language." They must win the confidence of the qualifications. engineers, have a fair understanding of the matter under discussion, and be able to judge the engineer- A few random thoughts on qualifications from the ing significance of a particular development. editors polled. "We look for dependability, ability to produce, initiative and aggressiveness ... " "... Of 32 technical and trade magazine editors polled ,~ust have a good command of the King's English." on this question, all but two required an engineering ... he must have a good 'nose-for-news' ... " "... he degree. These two preferred a B.A. in business admin- (Continued on poge 44) istration to journalism. All preferred an engineering graduate with one to five years experience in industry to an engineering graduate just out of college. This ANSWER TO PUZZLE ON PAGE 48 experience is needed to help the editor more accu- rately interpret the significance of a development. Next is journalistic skill. An editor must have a facility as a writer. This is sometimes called "word- o smithing." This requirement is less tangible than the engineering training required but no less important. R In essence, it means a facility in handling words, a liking for writing, and an ability to express ideas clearly, interestingly, and logically. Also, this skill must extend not only to one's own writing but in addition, to one's editing for frequently a critical view must be taken of the writings of others. How well someone meets these qualifications gener- ally is hard to measure but it is extremely important. It must be based on something more than on a vague but common "desire to write." Words are tools of the technical editor. Unless he uses them with pleasure and with facility, he is a misfit in technical writing. Next is imagination. A technical editor must possess imagination in abundance. He must be able to see in a development a potential story that will be of interest to a well-defined audience. This is some- 35 May 1955 : .. ~_ _------- ...........................•.•.•••••••..••...•••••...••••.......••..••••••• .... ........ : .. :.•............•...................•. : .. : : .. .... : .. : .. ----....... ~:S.iiii~.i;; .. : . : .. .... ... : : .. : .. : .. .: : ---- ... :==2i~~::...":::',.,;i:ii!!!lI"-~: : A4D, "SKYHAWK"- smallest, lightest: : RB.66 - speedy, versatile : : : hold official world's speed record: atom.bomb carrier : jet bomber : :.............................•••..•. :•••...•••.....................•..•••• : : ... : .. : '" ~ ... : .. . . . :. :... : r--~:""oii_~... ~!.I" : .. ... .. . ... .. ... ... . .. • A3D, "SKYWARRIOR"-largest • DC-7 "SEVEN SEAS"- America's : ... carrier. based bomber : ... largest production transport ........................•...••..•.•......•....••........••.•••.•••.••.•••••..••••••.•.••••.•...••.••••.•••••••.•• • finest, fastest airliner ~ ..... .. .. ... . . Engineers: ... . .. .. . join this ... . .. .. ... .... .. . • wInnIng • .. . .. : "NIKE"- ~upersonic missile selected : D558-2, "SKYROCKET"- first airplane : team! ... : to protect our cities : to fly twice the speed of sound .....•.•..•••..••••.••••..••.......•.•••••.•...................••.......•.•• : At DOUGLAS you'll be joining a company in which the three top Challenging opportunities now exist in the following fields: executive officers are engineers •.. you'll be associated with men Mechanical design Structural design who have designed the key airplanes and missiles on the American Power plant Installation design Weapons delivery scene today! Nothing increases an engineer's ability faster than Aerodynamics Thermodynamics working with other engineers of top calibre. Electronic computers Systems analysis Aircraft air conditioning Not only is Douglas the largest manufacturer of commercial aircraft Hydraulics Stress analysis in the world, but it also produces outstanding aircraft and missiles Servo mechanisms Acoustics Electronics for every branch of the armed services! This diversity, besides Mechanical test Structural test giving you job security, provides unequalled opportunity Flight test Process engineering for the engineer with an eye to the future. Missiles Brochures and employment applications are available at your college placement office. For further information relative to employment opportunities at the Santa Monica, EI Segundo and Long Beach, California divisions and the Tulsa, Oklahoma division, write today to: DOUGLAS AIRCRAFT COMPANY, INC. c. C. LaVene, Employment Manager ... Engineering General Office First in Aviation 3000 Ocean Park Blvd .... Santa Monica, California 36 Spartan Engineer This picture shows how ReA helps small manufacturers grow Today the inter-dependence between manufacturer and supplier is stronger than ever in the history of American business. For in the challenging new age of electronics, hundreds upon hun- dreds of component parts are needed in the manufacture of new products. For example, the superb new RCA Victor 21-inch color TV set shown here contains 2,070 parts. These are made by 600 different suppliers, most of whom are small businesses. Indeed, more than three-quarters of all RCA suppliers are small business firms that receive nearly one-half of RCA's purchasing dollars. They, in turn, have their suppliers of raw mate- rials. Thus through a long line of co- operative effort, employment is pro- vided for countless people in many fields-and an entire economy benefits. RCA salutes its full roster of 7,500 suppliers, located in 43 states, for their inventiveness and resourcefulness that contribute so much to the quality and performance of its products. With these firms at our side, RCA continues to march forward, creating new and bet- ter "Electronics for Living" -electron- ics that make life easier, safer, happier. WHERE TO, MR. ENGINEER? RCA offers careers in research, de- velopment, design, and manufactur- ing for engineers with Bachelor or advanced degrees in E.E., M.E. or Physics. For full information, write to: Mr. Robert Haklisch, Manager, CollegeRelations, Radio Corporation of America, Camden 2, N. J. RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA ELECTRONICS FOR LIVING 37 May 1955 ENGINEERS Development of Rocket Engine (Continued from page 12) AND With the advent of World War II the rocket was used in this country for the first time. It varied uses SCIENTISTS and for the first time was used as a means of propul- sion for aircraft. During the war, it became necessary to get heavily-loaded aircraft aloft from a restricted space, and the rocket became recognized for this You'll find at purpose, known at JATO: jet-assisted take-off. c A DIVISION ONVA OF GENERAL DYNAMICS I CORPORATION R JATO rockets were attached to the plane's wings and were remotely controlled from the cockpit. Each of these JATO units are in reality a rocket. These rockets are not designed for individual Hight: they ENGINEERING fOR were made extra heavy and strong to withstand the tremendous power of the charge. The thrust was very THE fUTURE strong for only a few seconds, but long enough to assist the aircraft with added acceleration for take-off. Once aloft, the empty rockets could be ejected, thus CAREER OPPORTUNITIES EXIST IN: the added weight of the rockets would be of no hinderance to the aircraft. AERODYNAMICS Aero-Analysis Theoretical Aerodynamics The jet engine should not be confused with the Performance Experimental Aerodynamics rocket engine. The jet engine, unlike the rocket engine, does not carry its own oxygen supply, but AEROPHYSICS absorbs its oxygen from the atmosphere. For this Stability and Automatic Control Armament Analysis reason the height at which the jet can travel is Aero-Electronics Electronic Computing limited. PROPULSION The Army also found many uses for the rocket. Propulsion Research Propulsion Development These were mainly for offensive weapons, such as Environmental Controls Systems Development the 3.5 inch rocket, commonly known as the bazooka, and the 75 mm. rocket riRe. These weapons enabled NUCLEAR PHYSICS the infantryman to defend himself effectively against Theoretical Nuclear Physics the tank. The projectile weighs approximately 15 Experimental Nuclear Physics pounds and can be effectively fired from the shoulder, STRUCTURES ENGINEERING FOR AIRCRAFT as there is no recoil. Later, the Navy began using the rocket effectively as a weapon in anti-submarine Stress Analysis Flutter and Dynamics Structural Research Structural Loads warfare. The rocket has also become a useful tool in scien- DESIGN for AIRCRAFT and NUCLEAR APPLICATION tific research. New knowledge has been gained about Airframe Structures Electrical cosmic rays, the solar ultra-violet spectrum and the Thermodynamics Electronics temperature and pressure of the earth's upper atmos- Mechanisms Equipment Design phere through its use. This knowledge has been Power Plant Installations obtained by the use of modified V-2 rockets which ENGINEERING TEST contain many recording instruments. Serious attempts Flight Test Instrumentation Data Reduction are being made to reach other bodies in the solar Fluid Dynamics-Electronic, Electrical-Structural system by the use of more advanced rockets. Results of these experiments are still secret, but are of great It is required that applicants for these positions have formal education in Aeronautical, Mechanical, Civil or importance to the future development for rocket- Electrical Engineering, Physics or Mathematics-or pro- powered flight. fessional experience in one of the fields above. The development of the rocket's capability of navi- At CONVAIR you have an excellent opportunity to do gating in interplanetary space will probably continue graduate work-in plant or in evening college. CONVAIR to be the ultimate goal of rocket research. One can offers liberal travel allowances, paid vacations, excel- only speculate upon the integral part which rocket lent insurance and retirement programs. power may play in the progress of mankind. Send Resume to M. L. TAYLOR CONVAIR, Engineering Personnel Dept. C-22 FORT WORTH, TEXAS The Hydra-Matic transmission has been adapted for c o A DIVISION OF N GENERAL v DYNAMICS A I CORPORATION R service in many unusual vehicles, such as in tractors in logging camps, zoological garden trains, cog rail- roads and even in a light camera-mounted truck that FORT WORTH, TEXAS a Hollywood producer uses on sets to keep up with fast moving motion picture scenes. 38 Spartan Engineer How 10 increase gear life in a scraper When this 13cubic yard scraper, fully loaded, travels. at 25 MPH over rough terrain, the gears In the differential, engine shaft and pinion get a workout. Realizing this, the engineers specified Timken'" bearings for these vital applications. The tapered con- struction of Tim ken bearings lets them take radial and thrust loads in any combination. Gears are held rigidly in place. Perfect tooth-mesh is maintained. Gears lalHlonger • How TIMKEN@ bearings hold • o gear shafts rigid The line contact between rollers and races of Timken bearings gives shafts rigid support over a wide area. Shaft deflection is minimized. And the tapered design of Timken bearings permits them to be set up with the most desirable amount of end play or preload that gives the best performance. t Want to learn more about bearings or lob opportunities? Some of the engineering problems Timken bearings. And for infor- you'll face after graduation will mation about the excellent job involve bearing applications. opportunities at the Timken For help in learning more about Company, write for a copy of "This bearings, write for the 270-page Is Timken". The Timken Roller General Information Manual on Bearing Company, Canton 6, O. oTIMIER TRADE-MARK REG. U. S. PAT. OFF. TAPERED ROLLER BEARINGS NOT JUST A BALL 0 NOT JUST A ROLL£R 0:::> THE TlMKEN TAPERED ROLLER BEARING TAKES RADIAL ~ AND THRUST -t}- LOADS OR ANY COMBINATION *ID 39 May 1955 Although salary is of high inter~st,. it does ~ot Big Move (Continued from page J 5) assume any significant importance 1I1 Job selection because the salaries offered to graduates do not vary Experience, even if only obtained while working in considerably from the medium. This year the r~nning a summer program after the junior year, increases monthly salary is up about $5 from last year s $370 the value of a degree. Courses, such as business administration, are impressive but they do not alter to $375, the companies' attitude toward you to a marked The average senior has the companies in mind that degree. Their value lies in the aid to you in your he is interested in and takes approximately four to progress toward higher position. five interviews. General Motors and General Electric rank high on these lists, along with the aircraft, Mechanical, electrical and chemical engineering, in chemical and oil companies. that order, are the specific majors that seem to be most in demand. Mechanical engineers with the indus- Use of the Placement Bureau is a very simple pro- trial option are at the pinnacle of demand. All the cedure. Seniors register at the start of the year and factors that influence the demand for a particular make arrangements with the receptionist in 101 student presented so far vary from one situation to Morrill Hall to interview the respective companies in another. There is one attribute that never varies. which they are interested. The weekly placement The right personality is always in demand. A well bulletins inform them of the companies being repre- rounded, intelligent man, capable of working his sented the following week. The Placement Bureau way into management always carries the advantage. supplies the interviewer with the personal data and A fact to be proud of is that representatives coming school record of the interviewee. to State feel that they find what they're looking for There is definitely a knack to making a favorable here at Michigan State. Time after time they have impression at an interview. As in any like situation remarked to Mr. Breslin on the fine caliber of students a neat personal appearance helps create the desired turned out by Michigan State. impression. The interviewer expects you to have a Two years ago the demand for engineers hit a certain amount of knowledge of his company and be "peak." Last year that "peak" was maintained here able to ask intelligent questions. Your scholastic at Michigan State, and this year the demand is even standing will be considered, but your personality greater than last year. This year's graduating class will be carefully studied. is less than last year's, however. A considerable in- The Placement Bureau also is of great service to crease is expected next year though. The fields most juniors who seek summer employment in their major responsible for accelerating the shortage of engineers field. Also, anyone can browse through the Placement are fields such as electronics, heat problems of the Bureau library of current literature from some 800 aircraft industry, guided missiles, and nuclear energy. different companies, plus Civil Service and govern- They absorb more and more engineers each year as ment jobs. It would be to your advantage to start they grow at an ever increasing pace. this early in your college career. The graduate of Michigan State, when looking for In a complex decision like choosing your future, his future employment, also sets up a criteria. Analo- a guide such as the Placement Bureau can be very gous to the universal criteria that industry seems to effective. It is there only for you to take advantage. have set up, the wants of the graduating student of Do not fail to do so. Michigan State also fall along a patternlike form. He seeks a job where he can develop himself and progress at his maximum speed. To do this he looks for a place where there are opportunities to further his education. It may be in the form of added school- Clubs and Societies (Continued from page 9) ing or through experience. The size of the company ence in watching a foundry in actual operation. Re- desired can not be fitted to the pattern, for half prefer gardless of your major, any student can take advan- small companies and the other half lean toward the tage of this opportunity. larger concerns. It can be said, however, that the With the scheduling of job interviews this term, chemical, automotive and electrical appliance indus- one of AFS projects is to help the graduating Senior tries absorb the largest number of graduates. fit into industrial operation. At their last meeting, It would be hard to pinpoint the most important Dr. Frank Rote, Technical Director of Albion Iron, factor in job selection, but it is known that more jobs devoted his talk to this subject - what to expect when are rejected because of an undesirable location than stepping into your new job. He also went into the any other reason. The midwest, as would be expected, different types of training programs found today in is the unanimous favorite at Michigan State. Indus- foundry operations. trial growth is found usually where industry existed Here's some good news for foundry students and originally. It follows logically that there is a dense anyone who hasn't chosen their major field yet. The placement in areas of dense population. We find, foundry field is wide open. Professor Sigerfoos, head therefore, that cities such as Detroit, Pittsburgh, of job placement, says he has a constant job opening Chicago and Cleveland take a good share of our list. Some companies are offering as many as fifty graduates. The east coast is next in drawing power positions in their plants. Salaries are nothing to to the midwest, with the west coast following. Very sneeze at either - they range from $400 to $600 a few State graduates desire foreign duty. month. Might be something to look into, huh? 40 Spartan Engineer Cliff Litherland asks: Would I have varied assignments at Du Pont-or would I specialize technically? CLIFFORD LITHERLAND received a B.A. degree from Rice In- stitute last year, and is now working for a B.S. in Chemical Engineering. He is Business Manager of "The Rice Engineer," and Vice-President of the fifth-year class at Rice. By asking questions of prospective employers, Cliff is trying to get informa- tion that will help him make the best use of his training in the years ahead. Arthur Mendolia answers: Well, Cliff, I'd say the answer to that question depends largely on your own preferences. In a company the size of Du Pont there are opportunities for growth along either line. In my own case, I've followed the route of diversification -and I think you'll find that's the general procedure when ARTHUR I. MENDOLIA was graduated from Case a fellow is interested in administrative work. Institute in June 1941 and started work with For example, after graduation I started work in the re- the Du Pont Company that same month. In search lab at Du Pont's Niagara Falls plant. That was fol- addition to handling challenging assignments at lowed by two years of process improvement work, and a work, he also enjoys some interesting hobbies. stretch as assistant supervisor over one of the plant areas. Although he makes no claims personally, he's Next, I spent a few years in liaison on the design and con- classed as a minor authority on golf and hi-fi struction of our first full-scale plant for making nylon inter- music. Mr. Mendolia is Assistant Director of Research for Du Pont's Electrochemicals Dept. mediates from furfural. Then, I had assignments on "plant start up," and production supervision before I was given my present post. I was made Assistant Director of Research for Du Pont's Electrochemicals Department last August. You see, variety of assignments means contact with new men and with constantly changing problems. That keeps WANT TO KNOW MORE about working with Du Pont? Send for a free copy of "Chemical interest alive. It leads to growth, too, because it provides a Engineers at Du Pont," a booklet that tells broad base of experience for future responsibilities. you about pioneering work being done in chemical engineering-in research, process On the other hand, some fellows prefer to become special- development, production and sales. Write to ists in a particular field-and Du Pont has many oppor- E. L du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.), 2521 tunities for that type of professional growth, too. In our Nemours Building, Wilmington, Delaware. research, development and design groups we have experts on distillation, mass transfer, thermodynamics-and most anything else you'd care to mention in the field of engineer- ing. These men are respected throughout the whole company for their technical knowledge. Whichever route you choose, Cliff-broad or specialized- IIETTER THINGS FOR lETTER LIVING ••• THROUGH CHEIrIISTRY you'll find that a job well done leads to satisfaction and ad- vancement at Du Pont. WATCH "CAVALCADE OF AMERlCA"ON TELEVISION 41 May 1955 More jobs-through SCLence From the earth, au, and water come new things for all of us-and new johs THE ELEMENTS OF NATURE are a limitless frontier, a con- essential to the metalworker; their carbon products serve tinuing challenge to science. Out of them, scientists are the steelmakers and power your flashlight. developing new materials that benefit us all in many ways. PROGRESS THROUGH RESEARCH-Union Carbide has A CHEMICAL A MONTH - The scientists of Union 23 research and development laboratories constantly Carbide, for example, have introduced an average of working in major fields of science to continue this record one new chemical per month for over twenty-five years. of product development-and more jobs through science. Some of these have led to the growth of important FREE: Learn how ALLOYS, CARBONS,GASES, CHEMICALS, industries, such as plastics and man-made textiles. This, and PLASTICSimprave many things that you use. Ask for in turn, has meant more opportunities, more jobs - in the 1955 edition of "Products and Processes" booklet £-2. construction, manufacturing, engineering and sales, as well as in research. IN OTHER FIELDS, TOO, the people of Union Carbide have helped open new areas of benefit and opportunity. UNION CARBIDE AND CARBON CORPORATION Their alloy metals make possible stainless and other fine 30 EAST 42ND STREJ:T l!I!:! NEW YORK 17. N. Y. steels; the oxygen they produce helps the sick and is In Canada: UNION CARBIDE CANADA LIMITED UCC's Trade-marked Products include _ SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS ELECTROMET Alloys and Metals HAYNES STEJ.LITE Alloys Dynel Textile Fibers LINDE Oxygen EVEREADY Flashlights and Batteries PRESTONE Ami-Freeze PYROFAX Gas UNION Carbide NATIONAL Carbons BAKELITE, VINYLITE, and KRENE Plastics PREST-O.LITE Acetylene ACHESON Electrodes 42 Spartan Engineer ! - 1955-Loading Boeing C-97 Slralofreighler There's plenty of variety in Boeing engineering careers America's pioneer passenger-cargo air- example, the civil engineer may work on years; 25% for 10 or more years, and 6% craft, the 40A, was a Boeing. So is the airframe structure or stress. Electrical for 15 years. Air Force's versatile tanker-transport, the engineers find challenge in the compIi- Boeing promotes from within, holds C-97 Stratofreighter shown above. cated electrical and electronic systems of regular merit reviews to assure individual modem jet bombers and guided missiles. recognition. Engineers are encouraged to During the company's 38-year history, Other engineers will find similar applica- take graduate studies while working and Boeing engineers have blazed new trails tion for their talents. are reimbursed for all tuition expense. in the design of aerial freighters and The high degree of stability in careers Current Boeing programs include: six r L., tankers, commercial airliners, flying boats, lighters, trainers and bombers. To- at Boeing is reflected in this chart. and eight jet bombers; America's first jet day Boeing continues to offer engineers transport-the 707; F-99 Bomarc pilot- 30ll less interceptor (guided missile) - and a wide variety of opportunities in Re- search, Design and Production. advanced projects such as the application of nuclear power to aircraft. Students sometimes are surprised that I For further Boeing career information Boeing's engineering staff includes those consult your Placement Office, or write: with civil, electrical, mechanical, aero- It shows that 46% of Boeing engineers JOHN C. SANDERS, Staff Engineer - Personnel nautical and other engineering degrees. have been with the company five or more Boeing Airplane Company, Seattle 14, Wash. Yet all lind application in aviation. For BOEING SEATTLE, WASHINGTON WICHITA, KANSAS 43 May 1955 Technical Writing (Continued from page 35) L A Successful must know what is and is not worth reporting." "He must have a missionary's zeal to bring the reader little-known facts ... must have a passion for accu- A Stamping Service racy and logic." "He must have writing ability, must produce ideas, must have an interviewing ability, must have good analytical ability, and of course be N to Industry a team player." Job Hunting Since 1914 S Where you want to be in the technical writing profession will determine your approach to the job. Basically what you do to land a job as an editor on I a technical magazine will differ only in detail to what must be done to get on the public-relations staff of a corporation. N First of all you must find out all you can about the magazine of your choice: the owner, the pub- lisher, the editor, the editorial content and philosophy, and the number of readers and who they are. The G need to do this, and do it well is great. You'll benefit personally as you'll learn things you should know about a company you may someday be working for. Furthermore, it will be a lot easier to build your case if you have an intelligent understanding of what is expected of an editor on that magazine. The S problem then of evaluating your education, exper- ience and ability in terms of the magazine will be relatively simple. Remember this: The editor must T have visible evidence and a good reason for hiring you. Make this part of his job easy by a thorough study of his magazine. A The best visible evidence you can muster is a portfolio of examples of your creative writing. Since every editor looks for genuine evidence on the part M of the applicant that he can write, there is no better proof of this than samples of your own work. Include material from your high-school days if you have any Serving p as this is evidence that you have demonstrated a special interest in writing early in life. Be sure to include plenty of samples from college. Manufacturers of Direct your original letter of application to the AUTOMOBILES I editor. Attach to this a biographical profile that includes personal and experience data. Indicate your AGRICULTURAL desire to see him personally. Take advantage of the EQUIPMENT INDUSTRIAL N study you've made of his magazine and tersely inter- pret your abilities in terms of his magazine. Do this for several magazines if you want to uncover quickly EQUIPMENT DOMESTIC G one or more openings. Where a corporation does not send an interviewer to a college campus, and you know from your study EQUIPMENT of the company that it has a public relations depart- ment, write the public relations director. Write him LAWNMOWERS in the same vein suggested for the letter to the editor. 1159 Pennsylvania C Remember this about job hunting: never pass up a detail about your education, experience and ability that can add a plus to your case. The better you Avenue Lansing, Michigan 0• package your biographic profile, the better the reader acceptance it gets. And, the better the reader accept- ance the better impressions you create. Since im- pressions help land jobs, create all the good ones you can. 44 Spartan Engineer 19 chambers of hell You are looking at the units of a $2,000,000 Martin test- the shock of many tons of thrust in the first second of ing laboratory-part of a man-made hell of fire and take-off-violent changes in temperature and pressure water, shock and vibration, explosion and corrosion, - and ground conditions ranging from sand storms to designed to torture electronics equiPment! arctic blizzards, desert dryness to tropical downpour. For these vital components of today's aircraft, guided Today, Martin's facilities are among the finest in the missiles and weapons systems must carry tremendous world for design, production and proving in the field responsibilities. Consider, for example, the electronic of avionics ... one of the major developments of Martin system of the Martin B-6l Matador: Systems Engineering which is now tailoring airpower to previously impossible requirements. Incredibly versatile, it comprises the entire brain and nervous system of America's first successful pilotless You will hear more about Martin! bomber. Yet this sensitive equipment must withstand ~~""'-IIV .~ BALTIMORE'MARYLANO 45 May 1955 Index To Advertisers 31 Allis-Chalmers 22 Allison Division, General Motors 47 Aluminum Co. of America 13 American Tel. & Tel. Co. 16 Babcock & Wilcox 24 Bendix Aviation 43 Boeing Airplane 4 Cast Iron Pipe Research Assoc. ENGINEERING WRITING 28 Columbia Southern Chemical 38 Convair 1 Detroit Edison 36 Douglas Aircraft Hughes Research and Development 6 Dow Chemical Laboratories are engaged ina continu- ing program for design and manufac- 41 E. 1. duPont de Nemours ture of integrated radar and £re con- Here is an ideal way 26 Federal Telecommunication Lab. trol systems in military all-weather for the engineer or interceptor aircraft. Engineers who 7 General Motors produce the maintenance and opera- physicist with some tional handbooks for this equipment 45 Glenn L. Martin work directly with engineers and 32 Hercules Powder aptitude for writing to scientists engaged in development of enter the field of advanced radar £re control systems, electronic 46 Hughes Aircraft computers, and other advanced elec- electronics. In this tronic systems and devices. 34 International Business Machines relatively new and Your effort in the £eld of engineer- 16 Keuffel & Esser ing writing through these publica- expanding area you can tions transmits information to other 44 Lansing Stamping engineers and technical personnel on make immediate and 18 Pittsburgh Plate Glass operation, maintenance and modili- effective use of your cation of Hughes equipment in the 14 Pratt & Whitney Aircraft £eld. academic training while You will receive additional training 37 Radio Corporation of America acquiring additional in the Laboratories at full pay to be- 29 Standard Oil come familiar with Hughes equip- experience. ment. Seminars are conducted by 39 Timken Roller Bearing publications specialists to orient new 33 Torrington Needle Bearing writers. After-hours graduate courses under Company sponsorship are 42 Union Carbide available at nearby universities. 21 Westinghouse Electric 2 Worthington United States Steel Eastman- Kodak HUGHES SCIENTIFIC AND General Electric ENGINEERING STAFF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Culv", City. Los Angeles County, California LABORATORIES Photograph above: Engineer-writer John Burnett (left) works with engineers John H. Haughawout (right) and ':'Inside front cover Donald King to compile handbook information. ''''Inside bock cover "*':'Bock COver 46 Spartan Engineer THE ALUMINUM INDUSTRY WAS BORN ON SMALLMAN • In 1888, the aluminum industry consisted of one company- located in an unimpressive little building on the east side of STREET Pittsburgh. It was called The Pittsburgh Reduction Company. The men of this company had real engineering abilities and viewed the work to be done with an imagineering eye. But they were much more than that. They were pioneers ..• leaders ... men of vision. A lot has happened since 1888. The country ... the company ... and the industry have grown up. Ten new territories have become states, for one thing. The total industry now employs more than 1,000,000 people- and the little outfit on Smallman Street? Well, it's a lot bigger, too-and the name has been changed to Alcoa. ALUMINUMCOMPANYOF AMERICA... but it's still the leader-still the place for engineering "firsts". Alcoa's new aluminum office building We have fine positions for college graduate engineers-in our plants, sales offices and research laboratories from coast to coast. These are positions of responsibility in production supervision, plant and design engineering, industrial research or sales engineering. Right now it may be quicker than you think from a seat in the classroom to your career with Alcoa. Why not find out? Your Placement Director will be glad to make an appointment for you with our personnel represent- ative. Or just send US an applica- tion yourself. ALUMINUM COMPANYOFAMERICA,1825 Alcoa Bldg., Pittsburgh 19, Pa. ALCOA ,.:- ALUMINUM ALUMINUM COMPANY OF AME:AICA May 1955 47 Crossword for Engineers DOWN 1. lack of energy 2. unit of work 3. printer's measure 4. decay 5. finish 6. symbol for calcium 7. hammered steel 9. lure 11. mistake 12. to open again (pi.) 15. debt 19. female parent (pi.) 22. wanders 23. chemical element 25. citrus fruit 27. monetary unit (Iran) 28. vehicle ACROSS 33. acquire 34. symbol for gold 1. positive pole of an electrolytic cell 35. measure of yarn 3. upright 36. negative reply 8. girl's name 37. Transportation Corps (abbrev.) 9. Little "--" Peep 10. capacity for doing work 14. a score in football 15. used in prcpelling or steering a boat ANSWER TO MARCH PUZZLE 16. prefix meaning over 8% •V 5 "l •^1 I• 1 17. false hair 18. combining form, denoting a ring or circle ¥ '