Bendix, America's most diversified engineering organi- for safe surfacing, was likewise a Bendix development. zation, offers challenging job opportunities in every The real "depth" of job opportunities at Bendix can area of man's scientific and engineering accomplish- best be measured by the many and diverse scientific ment— under the sea, on land, in the air and in fields in which Bendix is engaged. outer space! For example—career opportunities are available in Take, for example, the urgent problem of defense such fields as electronics, electromechanics, ultra- against enemy submarines. Bendix—pioneer in sonar sonics, computers, automation, radar, nucleonics, research development, and supplier of this equipment combustion, air navigation, hydraulics, instrumenta- to our government for many years—was selected to tion, propulsion, metallurgy, communications, carbu- develop n e w rtechniques to increase sonar capabilities, retion, solid state physics, aerophysics and structures. Another imP° t a nt Bendix anti-submarine device is At Bendix there is truly Opportunity in Depth for "dunked" sonar, lowered from helicopter into the sea outstanding young engineers and scientists. See your to detect enemy submarines. placement director for information about campus The spectaculer "TV eye", which enabled the crew interview dates, or write to Director of University of the nuclear-powered submarine "Skate" to observe and Scientific Relations, Bendix Aviation Corpora- the underside of the Polar ice pack and locate areas tion, 1108 Fisher Building, Detroit 2, Michigan. Engineers who qualify to fill these chairs... are on the road to filling responsible jobs with a growing company in a growing industry 0 American Air Filter Company is one of the world's FORMAL FIVE-MONTH TRAINING COURSE pioneers in the field of "better air." Starting 30 years ago Your first job at AAF will be to complete a full five-month as a manufacturer of air filtration equipment only, it has, course in its technical training school. This is a complete through a planned program of product development, attained and carefully planned course covering every phase of this the unique position of being the one company in its industry business of better air and is under the direction of Mr. James that can take the complete over-all approach to the customer's W. May, a recognized authority on air handling problems and air problems. In brief, this means supplying and coordinating presently a member of the board of directors of ASHRAE. all the proper products to filter, cool, heat, clean (control Classes, held in special, air conditioned quarters, are sup- process dust), move, exhaust, humidify and dehumidify air. plemented by field trips to visit AAF plants and observe "Better Air", while a big business today, is still in its infancy. Name any industry, any building type, and you have on-the-job applications of equipment. a present or potential user of AAF equipment. Other well- known trade names in the AAF family are Herman Nelson, YOUR FUTURE IS ALL-IMPORTANT TO AAF Kennard and Illinois Engineering. At present, AAF operates AAF prides itself on attempting to rrfatch the man to the ten plants in Louisville, Moline, 111., St. Louis, Chicago and job. During your training period you will have contacts Montreal, Canada. with key company personnel. Your personal desires as to type and location of job are given every consideration. AAF is big enough to provide opportunities galore—small enough to never lose sight of the personal touch that adds satisfaction along with success. A representative of AAF will be on your campus soon to interview students interested in learning more about the opportunities with this company. Consult your Placemen Office for exact date. DOW is tomorrow-minded plant... Take just one for-instance: Plaquemine. Some five most important of all—Old Man River—the limit- hundred acres of Louisiana sugar cane country once. less Mississippi, with its never-ending source of Stately oaks and magnolias. Today they're still fresh water and its gate to the ocean-going trade there. But growing harmoniously with them are the routes of the world. vivid contemporary colors of the new plant—the Dow reds and greens, gleaming whites, Confederate Today's Plaquemine is a symbol of Dow's tomorrow- gray, businesslike black. They blend in with the minded growth—at one of the fastest rates in the oaks and magnolias to provide one of America's industry. To keep pace with its output of products, most modern and distinctive plant vistas. Along new and old, Dow plants are building nationwide. wi th the forward-looking products and the people Says the Chairman of the Board of Directors: "We w ho produce them, this tomorrow-minded Dow build in boom times to keep up with the demand; Plant is a part of the new face of the new South. we build in slump times for the future." And Dow continues to build its plants, products and people Plaquemine is located in one of the nation's fastest- always with tomorrow in mind. growing concentrations of chemical manufacture, This now bustling Evangeline country offers abun- If you would like to know more about the Dow dant natural resources, an excellent network of opportunity, please write: Director of College transportation, good accessibility to great and Relations, Dept. 2425FW, THE DOW CHEMICAL developing markets and communities. And, perhaps COMPANY, Midland, Michigan. Herbert Spencer...on the genesis of science "Without further argument it will, we think, be admitted knowledge are simply scientific fictions: good, if regarded that the sciences are none of them separately evolved — merely as aids to study; bad, if regarded as representing are none of them independent either logically or histori- realities in Nature. No facts whatever are presented to our cally; but that all of them have, in a greater or less degree, senses uncombined with other facts — no facts whatever required aid and reciprocated it. Indeed, it needs but to but are in some degree disguised by accompanying facts: throw aside hypotheses, and contemplate the mixed disguised in such a manner that all must be partially character of surrounding phenomena, to see at once that understood before any one can be understood." these notions of division and succession in the kinds of -The Genesis of Science, 1854 ATOMIC POWER and DETROIT EDISON A vast new source of energy—from the atom—is assigned to the Power Reactor Development of major interest at Detroit Edison. The advances Company and the Atomic Power Development already made indicate that the electric power Associates in the design and construction of the industry is on the threshold of exciting new world's largest breeder reactor. This is but one developments in atomic electric power. example of many scientific pioneering achieve- ments which provide continuing challenges to Detroit Edison personnel are playing a leading young engineers in the electric power industry. role in these developments. One such project is the Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant near THE DETROIT EDISON COMPANY Detroit 26, Michigan Monroe, Michigan. Here many of our men are Dean's Letter At a point near the end of four or more years of college work, many of you are reluctant to think of more of the same. However, those of you who can qualify from the point-average viewpoint owe it to yourselves to give serious thought to continuing with one or more years of graduate work. Engineering of today is so demanding in terms of technical level that a man without graduate training who goes into research, development, or design, may ultimately find himself handicapped. Some day a door will shut ahead of him—a door behind which lays rewarding opportunity. Possession of a gradu- ate degree will open such doors to broadened opportunity and responsibility, and all the other attributes of advancement. Graduate education is usually open to those who stand in the upper half of their graduating classes. On our campus this means those with point averages above 2.7, and to all such we extend an invitation to give serious thought to more education—to open those doors in the future. Last year there were about 38,000 B.S. graduates in Engineering in the U. S., and about 6,000 graduate degrees were granted. The graduate degree immediately places one in a less competitive area, and its possession indicates to a prospective employer you have one of the big factors he is looking for—a willingness to continue learning. If you are interested in a ten percent return on an investment, and this economics is easily proven, then talk with your Department Head or with me. We think we have a convincing story. - J . D. Ryder, Dean VOLUME 13 NO. 2 JANUARY, 1960 FEATURES 16 ANATOMY OF A FLAME Newt Black 18 PACKAGING Richard Scovel 20 NUCLEAR SUBMARINES John Thornton 22 YOUR GUIDE 23 SCHOLARSHIPS John Bolt 24 ULTRASONICS Joe Poyer 26 PLACEMENT BUREAU Newt Black 28 SERVICE George Foley DEPARTMENTS 6 Dean's Letter 12 The Editor's Corner 30 Fudge Factors 40 Over The Transom 44 Miss January Engineer 48 Placement Directory 54 Alumni Notes 60 Sidetracked 64 Advertisers' Index COVER: The cover for this month's Spartan Engineer was drawn by Reg Pilarski, a member of our staff. Portrayed are some in- teresting applications of the relatively new science of ultra- sonics. F O L L O W T H E LEADER is no game with Delco. Long a leader in automotive radio engineering and production, Delco Radio Division of General Motors has charted a similar path in the missile and allied electronic fields. Especially, we are conducting aggressive programs in semiconductor material research, and device development to further expand facilities and leadership in these areas. Frankly, the applications we see for semiconductors are staggering, as are those for other Space Age Devices: Computors . . . Static Inverters . . . Thermoelectric Generators . . . Power Supplies. However, leadership is not self-sustaining. It requires periodic infusions of new ideas and new talent—aggressive new talent. We invite you to follow the leader—DELCO—to an exciting, profitable future. If you're interested in becoming a part of this challenging DELCO, GM team, write to Mr. Carl Longshore, Supervisor- Salaried Employment, for additional information—or talk to our representative when he visits your campus. THESE MEN HAVE ONE THING IN COMMON ...BESIDES SUCCESS These men have a faith. An abiding faith. It's in the future of a metal. Aluminum. Theyallaredepartment heads at Aluminum Company of America. They all started with Alcoa as young men fresh outofcol lege.They all have prospered as Alcoa has prospered. they all have received promotions on m e r i t . . . the same merit which has contributed signally to Alcoa's status asthetwentieth Century's outstanding corporate success story. Today, men firstthe prospects for a n e w e m p l o y e e a t A k o a a r e even brighter,evenmorechallengingthantheyw e r e w h e n t h e s e went to work. This is because the prospects for Alcoa and for aluminum are brighter. HE'S WORKING TO GIVE OLD METALS A NEW FUTURE The metals now being utilized in thin film development have been known and used for centuries. But dormant within these metals has been their quality of superconductivity at extremely low temperatures. Only when researchers were able, with great ingenuity, to create certain relations between metals and changes in their basic structures, could these supercon- ducting qualities be utilized. But much remains to be done at this moment, especially in the application of thin metallic films to practical working devices. Development Engineers at IBM are at work daily on the problem. They envision the replacement of today's electronic logic elements with modules of amazing responsiveness, dura- bility, and simplicity. The extremely small size of these modules and their low power requirements will be important factors in shaping the electronic systems of the future. Closely allied on this work are engineers of practically every specialty. Only by bringing the talents and abilities of people of many fields to bear on the unique problems of thin film devel- opment, will progress be consistent with objectives. Engineers at IBM expect to obtain these objectives, and once they are obtained, to set new ones. If you think you might be interested in undertaking such truly vital and interesting work, you are invited to discuss your future with IBM. Our representative will be visiting your campus soon. He will be glad to talk with you about the many opportunities in vari- ous engineering and scientific fields. Your Placement Director can give you the date when our representative will next visit your campus. Editor's Corner Are you interviewing for employment after graduation or for a summer engineering job? Would you like a certain job or is there a special company where you would like to work? Whether you are looking for a permanent position or for a summer job, proper preparation for your campus interview will enhance your chances of getting that job. Phase one of your preparation starts several years prior to the interview. Every company which hires engineers is looking for well-rounded technically competent people. Therefore, phase one consists of a well planned college education. Every good university offers a curriculum which allows the student to develop technical competence, but the student must supply the desire to learn. Your grades are an indication of your technical competence. Therefore, you should plan to graduate with the highest possible grades. A well planned college career should also include one or more extra-cur- ricular activities. In choosing these activities, you should decide how much time you want to spend in the activity, what your interests are, and what you feel you will get from participating in the activity. Realizing that active participa- tion benefits the individual more than just belonging to an organization, a stu- dent should choose those activities which best contribute to the goals of his education. Phase two of your preparation starts when you start interviewing. At this time you will have completed most of the work required for your degree, and, then must decide where to apply what you have learned. Therefore, phase two consists of defining the career you plan to follow. In considering one's career a person should evaluate a number of factors. Some of these are: is the job appropriate and interesting, will the company help or hinder your career, and what facilities will be necessary for the level of professional development desired? A number of personal factors which should also be considered are: your family ties, geographical location desired, size of the city in which you would like to live, and the interests of your wife or fiancee. On the basis of these factors you will be able to select those companies in which you feel that the majority of these criteria will be satisfied. Phase three of your preparation includes becoming acquainted with the companies you plan to interview, filling out pre-interview applications, arriving at the interview on time, and being neat and well groomed. The editor wishes each of you the best of luck in interviewing, and I hope that the above comments (also see page 26) along with the tabulated informa- tion gathered from contacts with more than 40 companies will help you get that certain job. AT RAYTHEON... Scientific imagination focuses on ... RADAR... SONAR ... COMMUNICATIONS ... MISSILE SYSTEMS . . . ELECTRON TUBE TECHNOLOGY... SOLID STATE Challenging professional assignments are of- fered by Raytheon to outstanding graduates in electrical engineering, mechanical engin- eering, physics and mathematics. These as- signments include research, systems, devel- opment, design and production of a wide variety of products for commercial and mil- itary markets. For specific information, visit your place- ment director, obtain a copy of "Raytheon and your Professional Future," and ar- range for an on-campus interview. Or you may write directly to Mr. John B. Whitla, College Relations, 1360 Soldiers Field Road, Brighton 36, Massachusetts. The word space commonly represents the outer, airless regions of the universe. But there is quite another kind of "space" close at hand, a kind that will always challenge the genius of man. This space can easily be measured. It is the space-dimension of cities and the distance between them . . . the kind of space found between mainland and off- shore oil rig, between a tiny, otherwise inaccessible clearing and its supply base, between the site of a mountain crash and a waiting ambulance-above all, Sikorsky is concerned with the precious "spaceway" that currently exists be- tween all earthbound places. Our engineering efforts are directed toward a variety of VTOL and STOL aircraft configurations. Among earlier Sikorsky designs are some of the most versatile airborne vehicles now in existence; on our boards today are the ve- hicles that can prove to be tomorrow's most versatile means of transportation. Here, then, is a space age challenge to be met with the finest and most practica engineering talent. Here, perhaps, is the kind of challenge you can meet. Is a semiconductor film the answer? Ask the men in the Electronics Lab The Electronics Laboratory helps the Westinghouse en- for that. Instead, each man is backed up by specialists, gineer use the latest tools in the electronics field and like those in the Electronics Lab. works to develop new ones for his special projects. If a If you have ambition and real ability, you can have a Westinghouse engineer needs a new semiconductor film rewarding career with Westinghouse. Our broad product for a satellite telemetering system, or a highly sensitive line, decentralized operations, and diversified technical tube for a new kind of TV camera, he can call on this assistance provide hundreds of challenging opportunities group of experts for help. for talented engineers. The lab is currently doing work with infrared imaging Want more information? Write to Mr. L. H. Noggle, devices, molecular electronics, sound transmission in Westinghouse Educational Department, Ardmore & water and air, parametric amplification of microwaves, Brinton Roads, Pittsburgh 21, Pennsylvania. Plasma physics, thermionic power conversion and light emission. Nearly all of its work is in support of engineers an d scientists in other departments of the company. At Westinghouse the young engineer isn't expected to Know all the answers. Our work is often too advanced Anatomy j of a F l a m e . . . air mixture is increased, the boundary layer will become thinner. Heinsohn's apparatus differs from others in that with it he can isolate a flame more thoroughly than any previous experimenter. There is no outside enclosure which encloses the flame. And inside of the rod, around which the flame forms, are tubes through which water flows at a rate of almost one gallon a minute. This keeps the temperature of the rod below 100° F. at the warmest point. Therefore, as heating the rod would in its self keep the flame lit, keeping the rod cool re- moves this extraneous factor. By varying the velocity stream and the percentage of propane to air, Heinsohn can by the use of delicate instruments measure velocities and temperatures at specific points in re- lation to the rod. He can also study The boundary layer then can be flow. This is apparent since the air- the stability of the flame under dif- defined as that region of low velocity fuel mixture will flow around a blunt ferent conditions. flow between the main stream and rod with a different contour than it Heinsohn believes that this ex- the surface of the rod there exists a the solid surface. would flow around a pointed rod. periment and other studies of flames series of points where the velocity may give clues to solve problems in Two major factors control the shape of the flow is equal to the flame ve- The second is the velocity of the the design of jet airplanes and mis- of the boundary layer. The first is the locity. The line connecting these sile nose cones. shape of the object in the velocity mixture. If the velocity of the fuel- points is called the locus of equal velocities. Thus, along the line of these points a stationary flame can exist when lighted. EVERYDAY you see fire. You are surface of the rod is slowed. This constantly using it. But do you under- At the same time the region next boundary layer, as it is called, fans to the surface of the rod is too close stand the fundamental nature of a out forming a cone shape as the flame? to the rod to support a flame. The stream continues up the rod. heat of the flame would be absorbed Even though man has known and What is the boundary layer? by the rod so that the flame could used fire for almost as long as he has not maintain enough heat to exist. In order to understand why the existed on earth, much is unknown This space is called the dead space. boundary layer is important, one must about its nature and characteristics. first know two principles of a flame. With reference to figure I it is Ancient man classed fire as one of A flame will progress or burn a fuel apparent that for a given fuel-air the four elements. The other three at a certain finite rate. As an example, composition and s t r e a m velocity, were air, earth, and water. Today if you ignite a long, thin piece of we use fire as a major source of power there exists between the locus of wood, the flame will move along the equal velocities and the dead space in our industries, and almost the ex- wood at a certain rate as it burns the clusive source of power for our trans- a region where a flame can propagate. portation. wood. This rate may be called the This propagation will drive the flame flame velocity. forward until at the intersection of Two men in the Mechanical Engi- these two lines (point of the anchor) neering Department have made a de- Secondly, for a flame to be sta- further propagation is halted and the tionary, the combustible material has vice with which they can isolate a to move into the flame at the same flame is stabilized. flame and study its basic character- rate. istics. In June, 1958, they began the If for a moment, a stable flame experiment with their major purpose were to exist at a position down- In Heinsohn's experiment, the ve- to isolate a flame, and thus allow its stream of that shown in figure II, the locity of the air-fuel mixture varies study with no interference from ex- as it flows around the rod. For an flow of fuel-air into the flame would traneous factors. infinitely small distance from the rod be less than the flame velocity, and it approaches zero. But within limits, thus the flame would move upstream Robert Heinsohn, instructor, and to the anchor point. Dr. Joachim Lay, professor, are con- the greater the distance from the rod, ducting the experiment. Their ap- the greater the velocity. On the other hand, if a flame were paratus consists of a long, hollow, to exist at a position upstream of The velocity of the main stream copper rod pointed down at the cen- that shown in figure II, the fuel-air (that region of the fuel and air mix- ter of a six-inch duct. From the duct flow would have a velocity larger ture farthest from the rod) is much flows a regulated mixture of propane than the flame velocity, and conse- larger than the flame velocity, and and air. quently the flame would be driven hence, by itself, cannot support a back to the position shown. Such a As the fuel and air flow upward, flame since in that position the flame situation is considered to exist for would be blown away. But, some- the part of the stream closest to the flames which appear to hunt-seek an where between the main stream and 16 equilibrium position. PACKAGING: E are "the School of Packag- W ing." Our present classification is College of Agriculture, phylum— Forest Products, sub-phylum—Pack- aging. We've only been at Michigan Slate University since 1952, but we promise to be around for many years to come. Packaging is here to stay but it is relatively new and like any- thing new it will take time to become A seldom heard of profession assimilated into the conscious think- ing of those who are not directly vies for its "place in the sun." connected with its operation. In contrast to the popular opinion that graduates of the School of Pack- aging are little more than gift-wrap- ping specialists with college educa- tions, a closer look at our functions and purposes may serve to erradicate such erroneous concepts. Ninety graduate and undergradu- ate students are presently enrolled in member of an industry still in its in various manufacturing fields, has packaging. Out of one hundred and infancy, the packaging engineer may been responsible for much of the fifty-six men who have graduated be expected to assume the role of equipment donated to the school as from the curriculum, only two have technician, e n g i n e e r , p u r c h a s i n g well as for direct financial aid. Under gone into jobs unrelated to packag- agent or manager. This illustrates the their leadership, a program for con- ing. We are involved in a course necessity for having such a diverse structing a $2,000,000 home for the which utilizes the basic concepts of background. Transfer students from School of Packaging is presently un- business, management, and engineer- other departments on campus are re- der way. Recent surveys have indi- ing programs. Familiarity with ac- quired to have a 2.75 all-college aver- cated that over 80% of the factory counting, business law, speech and age before entering the School of labor force is involved in packaging the applied sciences are required, and processes. At an American Manage- Packaging though probationary ac- we have more than thirty credits of ment Association Packaging Exposi- ceptance has applied in some cases. free electives on which to plan out- tion in Chicago's International Amphi- class schedules. Prior to graduation, The industrial recognition of the theater last spring, 600 companies each student must compile a minimum i m p o r t a n c e of p a c k a g i n g is best of twelve weeks summer employment from 16 different countries were rep- demonstrated in the work of the resented along with MSU's entry. The in some phase of packaging, a job Packaging Foundation. This organiza- Packaging Material Manufacturers In- each must obtain for himself. As a tion, made up solely of leading men stitute show last November in New York was well attended by members of the school whose booth appeared in the Union Concourse in early December. General Foods, a leader in recognizing the potentials of a packaging education, has recently es- tablished the office of Packaging Vice- President in their organizational struc- ture. Even the U. S. Government has gotten into the act and a few of our graduates have received commissions in the special material branch of the Air Force. These men are stationed at various aircraft companies through- out the country, maintaining the rigid standards of government packaging specifications. These examples prove that outside groups are interested in our work, now let's analyze the in- ternal operations of the packaging school. Look around you. Find something that has arrived in its present setting without first being packaged-a chair, a house, this magazine, the lawn, your lunch or your car? No matter what it is or where it is raised it cannot be used until it is delivered to the consumer. Our job as packag- ing engineers is to determine how to get the product there safely, how to by RICHARD SCOVEL, Packaging '60 pack it for convenient use and how to make its container appealing to the public. Our materials are wood, paper, paperboard, glass, metal, and plastic. We seal these containers with adhesives and tapes, we identify them with labels and colors and we pro- tect their contents with cushions. Our lab equipment, consisting of presses, tensile testers, dynamic cushion test- ers, etc., represents methods of ma- terial analysis duplicated by few other organizations in the country. The Product Development Division of the Koppers Company of Manaca, Penn- sylvania, recently sent one of our alumni to use our equipment to run tests on a new cushioning discovery. Our school represents one of the latest phases in a process that started when the first caveman bundled his belongings in an animal hide in order to move to new hunting grounds. This simple container has been de- signed, developed and expanded into a Pandora's Box enclosing the prob- lems of a 16 billion dollar a year in- dustry. The Packaging Society and Pack- aging Wives are two of our active clubs and we have our own honor- ary, Pi Kappa Gamma. Our head- quarters are in building A-2 on south campus and the five rooms which comprise our office and laboratory ar e open for your inspection. Drop in and look around. Maybe you will b egin to understand why we think that a packaging degree from Michi- gan State University is a pretty fancy Package in itself. (Right) The KARL-FISHER titra- tion apparatus depicted here is being Put to skilled use by students Dick Scovel and Judy Pilgrim in an experi- ment concerning moisture penetration of Package materials. Missile Launching Submarines . . . Nuclear power and missiles combine to give United States potent striking weapon. S TRIVING to keep abreast of the Communist countries in military development, the U. S. Navy has re- cities. Fortunately for us, the war ended before the German scientists could perfect their weapon. The the George Washington class are 380 feet long and displaces 5,600 tons. Each is capable of carrying and vealed a potent striking instrument, whole project, i n c l u d i n g several launching s i x t e e n Polaris IRBMs the nuclear powered, missile-launch- U-boats and missiles, fell into Rus- while running submerged. At a depth ing submarine. A highly mobile force sian hands in 1945. of 1000 feet, they will have a top of such subs is a deterrent of war as speed of 40 knots or more. This is well as a weapon. The first attempt to launch a mis- sile from a U. S. sub was made in the about twice as fast as a World War These subs can go for months with- Pacific in 1949. The Loon, a modi- II sub could run on the surface. The out surfacing, touching a land base, fied version of the German V-l, or average cost of each sub is about 100 or revealing their positions. Their "buzz bomb," was fired 80 miles out million dollars. underwater speed permits them to to sea from the U.S.S. Carbonero. The Ethan Allen class is slightly move rapidly from one location to Although it was fired directly over larger. The first keel has just been another undetected. a task force, anti-aircraft guns and laid. The length was increased to 410 Just the presence of such a fleet fighter planes were unable to bring feet to include some advanced elec- will be a deterrent to war. In turn it down. The submarine launched tronic guidance equipment. Although it will have a great impact on our missile had proven itself. this brings the displacement up to military tactics. And if war does 5,900 tons, it does not impair speed. Today, several conventional sub- come, these subs can surface, dis- They are reported to be able to sub- marines are equipped with missiles charge their missiles in a few minutes merge to 3000 feet. and submerge. The damage from such as the Chance Vought Regulus. their missiles will seriously cripple But according to the U. S. Navy, Both classes of submarines are de- any nation. There are very few meth- nuclear subs armed with the Polaris signed for almost unlimited endur- ods that can stop either the sub or IRBM will soon be patroling the seas. ance. They can remain submerged its missiles. for weeks at a time. The heart of their The Nuclear Sub propulsion system is the SW5 re- How did these submarines develop The new nuclear subs are advanced actor, which is the first mass pro- and how will they affect you? developments of the Skate and Nauti- duced reactor in history. It is the In the early 1940's, the Germans lus. Combining the streamline tear- prototype reactor for future subs and realized the importance of striking drop shape of the nuclear sub Skip- some surface ships of the U.S. Navy- the great industrial centers of the jack with the new Westinghouse Although it occupies only twenty feet U. S. Their idea was to tow a V-2 SW5 reactor, these subs surpass any of a sub's length, it is capable of giv- rocket container behind one of their others in regard to speed, maneuver- ing the sub a range of 90,000-100,000 long range submarines, surface 100 ability and depth of operation. miles at full speed without refueling- miles off the east coast of the U. S. and fire their missile at one of our There are two types or classes of The new subs are so complicated missile launching subs. Submarines of that they will have two complete 20 Navy s u b m a r i n e USS Tunny launches Chance Vought guided mis- crews (Blue and Gold) consisting of George Washington is commissioned sile, Regulus I, with the aid of twin forty-five men and five officers each. this year. jet-assist units s o m e w h e r e in the They will be changed at sea to allow Polaris is a two stage, solid pro- Pacific (Official U.S. Navy photo) the sub to remain on duty for the pellent rocket capable of carrying a maximum time possible. In addition thermonuclear warhead a distance of to standard air supplies, there will 1500 nautical miles. Weighing 14 be chemical oxygen generators to in- tons at launching, the Polaris reaches crease the time they can remain sub- rocket engine will ignite. The missile a final velocity of 6000 miles per can be launched while the sub is sub- merged. hour. It carries a nuclear warhead of merged. The "brains" of the sub is the 100 megatons of power. The Polaris is designed to be used Sperry Gyroscope Company's inertial Sixteen Polaris missiles will be against fixed targets such as military navigation s y s t e m c a l l e d "SINS" mounted in vertical tubes in the deck bases. It packs enough power to (Ship Inertial N a v i g a t i o n System). of each sub. When the sub launches reach any part of the Soviet Union. Originally developed to guide mis- one, compressed air will shoot the siles, it was adapted for use by sub- missile to the surface where the (Continued on Page 38) marine. With it, they may pinpoint meir position while submerged. Although designed to launch mis- siles, the new subs may be used as anti-submarine weapons. They will be armed with the Subroc, a guided torpedo. Fired from a torpedo tube, the Subroc will climb to the surface where its rocket engine will start, traveling as far as fifty miles, it will locate its target, dive into the water track it with sonar, close in and de- str oy the enemy sub with its nuclear Warhead. Main Weapon However, the main weapon of the subs will be the Polaris IRBM. Full scale tests have taken place and the missle will be operational when the Certain recruitment practices have the "code" and consistent with the the individual's plans for further edu- developed from time to time, in the best interests of the engineering pro- cation. stress of competition for engineering fession. graduates, which have not been con- PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES This statement of "Recruiting Prac- sislenl with professional standards. In tices and Procedures" has been en- Responsibilities of the Employer 1948 a commettee appointed by dorsed by the ECPD Ethics Commit- ASEE first studied this problem and 1. The employer s h o u l d contact tee and constitutes a supplement to the Placement Office well in advance published " E t h i c s of Interviewing the ECPD Canons of Ethics. Its pur- Procedures" in 1949. regarding desired i n t e r v i e w dates, pose is to aid in the development and broad categories of employment ex- In 1950, accelerated competition maintenance of high ethical standards pected to be available, college de- for engineering graduates again oc- in the procedures of college recruit- grees and other pertinent require- casioned some shortsighted recruit- ing and in the relations between the ments. He should advise promptly any ment practices. The ASEE Commit- employing organizations, college au- change in his original request or sub- tee on Ethics decided to revise the thorities, and college students who sequent arrangements with the Place- 1919 publication. The Midwest Col- are engaged therein. ment Office. lege Placement Association also ap- pointed a committee to study the GENERAL PRINCIPLES 2. The employer should provide problem, and as a majority of its It is in the best interests of stu- suitable literature to give students a membership was also affiliated with dents, colleges and employers alike true and factual picture of the em- ploying organization. This material should be supplied in sufficient quan- tities and well in advance of the inter- viewing date. YOUR GUIDE TO 3. When both the parent organiza- tion and subsidiary or affiliated or- ganization conduct interviews in the same college, the respective inter- EMPLOYMENT viewers should explain clearly their missions and the connections, both to the Placement Office and to the stu- dents. 4. Not more than two and pre- COLLEGE RECRUITMENT HOLDS CERTAIN ferably only one interviewer repre- RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE STUDENT AS WELL senting an employer should appear for each interview schedule. Arrange- AS THE COMPANY. ments for more than two interviewers should be made in advance, and only for reasons considered adequate by the Placement Office. 5. The Placement or other appro- the ASEE, arrangements were made that the selection of careers be made to review the MCPA committee priate officer of the college should in an objective atmosphere with com- be advised in advance of any plans recommendations. plete understanding of all the facts. for campus visits by the representa- The Committee on Ethics then Therefore, the recruiting of college tives of an employer, including alumni published a revision titled "Recruit- students for employment by business, of the college, to acquaint faculty ing Practices and Procedures" in industry, government and education members or students with company April, 1957. Several months later, the should be carried out by the em- employment activities or opportun- College Placement Council, Inc., and ployers, students and college author- ities. Such representative should ex- the Chamber of Commerce of the ities to serve best the following ob- ercise scrupulous care to avoid un- United States jointly issued a state- jectives: due demands on the time of faculty ment on "Principles and Practices of 1. To promote a wise and respon- or students. College Recruiting." sible choice of a career by the stu- 6. An employer who desires to In September, 1958, a "task force" dent for his own greatest satisfaction, contact an individual student at the representing the ASEE Committee on minimum wasteful turnover and most time of his interview visit should com- Ethics and the College Placement fruitful long term investment of his municate with the individual well in Council, Inc., met to resolve the dif- talents for himself, for his employer advance, with a notice to the Place- ferences between the two "codes." and for society. The 1959 revision of "Recruiting ment Office. Practices and Procedures" which fol- 2. To strengthen in him a high 7. The interviewer should clearly lows represents the combined efforts standard of integrity and a concept explain to the Placement Office and of the "task force" with the excep- of similar standards in the employ- students any s p e c i a l requirements tion of item 7 under "Employer Re- ing organizations of the country. such as the passing of tests, physical s p o n s i b i l i t i e s . " This item contains examinations, signing of patent agree- 3. To develop in the student an greater detail about conditions of em- ments, or if his job is affected by any attitude of personal responsibility for ployment that are most important to union contract. his own career and advancement in engineering students. The ASEE Com- it, based on performance. 8. The interviewer should be punc- mittee on Ethics believes this detail is essential to the implementation of 4. To minimize interference with tual. He should tell the Placement the "General Principles" expressed in the educational processes of the col- Office when he will arrive as well as lege and to encourage completion of (Continued on Page 38) DID YOU KNOW?... through the University. It includes a large number of the independent scholarships, and is available for refer ence purposes in the Men's Division of Student Affairs. The dormitories also have copies. Exact instructions on how to apply for a particular scholarship arc as a rule found in the description of it, along with its amount and eligibility requirements. The scholarships offered to college $ undergraduates are somewhat vari- able, and so only their names have been given in the Handbook. The list given here is an amplification of the Handbook list, correct for the fall of 1959, and probably will be substantially correct for the fall of These scholarships are 1960 as well. Application from engi- neering students for any of the schol- available to you! arships in the list should be made to the Dean of Engineering. High school students should begin by talking to their principal. Each high school in Michigan receives, in the fall, application blanks and a synopsis of available scholarships ad- ministered by M.S.U. I n f o r m a t i o n about the great number of inde- pendent scholarships can be found in Obtaining a scholarship is largely College students can use the fol- the above mentioned: Feingold and a matter of self-help: the student, lowing sources: Scholarships, Fellow- the Handbook. Students planning to himself, must investigate and make ships, and Loans, by S. Norman Fein- enter engineering should address in- application for it. Finding informa- gold, a list of scholarships admin- quires about university administered tion is not difficult, if one knows istered by private sources. The new entrance scholarships to: Dean of En- where to look, but many qualified Financial Aids Handbook contains a gineering, Michigan State University, people do not. compilation of all scholarships offered East Lansing, Michigan. Two of man's greatest scourges are of an alternate compression and rare- about to be settled once and for all. fraction or decompression of the How many times have you sat in a physical medium. This compression dentist's chair, waiting in agonized and decompression can be compared anticipation for the dentist's drill? to the action of a bellows. As you Or, how many times have you stood push the two handles together, you over a sink full of dirty dishes and force air out of the bag by com- sworn to yourself that in the future pressing it. When you pull the han- you would eat from paper plates? dles apart, you decompress the bag Now through the miracle of modern and allow the air to rush in. science, you may never have to worry about cither again. When a sound wave travels through a medium, the molecules are forced Sounds like a TV commercial from their places in the molecular doesn't it? But it's not. Ultrasonic structure and the medium is com- drills, now l>eing used by dentists, pressed. After the wave front passes, are completely painless and Westing- the molecules resume their places in house Electric Company has de- the structure until the next wave veloped an ultrasonic dishwasher. front reaches them. This alternate In liquids, there is no real mole- liquid restricts the area of deforma- compression and decompression of the cular structure, but the molecular at- tion and dissipation enough to make The Theory of Ultrasonic Sound medium is vibration and sound waves traction between the molecules of the liquids good conductors of ultrasonic The division between sonic and are composed of vibrations. sound waves. ultrasonic sound occurs at about In gases, the dispersement of the Ultrasonics are readily transmitted 17,000 cycles per second. A cycle molecules allows the ultrasonic wave is the wave-like motion that a sound in solids. In fact solids are the best conductors of ultrasonics of the three energy to be dissipated quickly and describes while traveling through an) within a very short distance from physical medium, be it a solid, a physical mediums. The closely packed molecular structure of the solids al- the source. It is therefore readily ap- liquid, or a gas. parent that solids make the best con- lows a "tighter" vibration. By this, is Essentially, a sound wave is the meant the solid does not allow a wide ductors of ultrasonic waves. deformation of the physical medium area of deformation and dissipation in which it is traveling. It consists Applications of Ultrasonic Energy of the energy of the sound wave. Several promising applications of ultrasonic energy are being investi- gated. The most important, and per- haps, the most fascinating, is the use of ultrasonics in cleaning. The clean- ing is accomplished by a phenomenon called cavitation. The object to be cleaned is immersed in a liquid sol- vent. Ultrasonic sound waves are then beamed into the liquid. As the power level is increased, the mole- cules of the solvent undergo intense accelerations within the lattice struc- ter, cleaner and without scrapping in the material. By this method oddly ture. When a certain power level is both hot and cold water. It is also shapped holes have been cut in cer- reached, the lattice is ripped apart possible to sterilize them at the same amics, metals, and even the most wherever impurities are present, usu- time by using the cavitation principle brittle glasses. ally at the interface, or surface, of the to decontaminate radio-active mate- "quid and the object being cleaned. Seam Welding rials. Ihe points of rupture will become An ultransonic seam welder works cavities because the high frequency The phenomenon of cavitation has like this. Sheets of metal to be welded vibrations will have vaporized the also been used to detect gas bubble together are passed between two molecules of the solvent. As the cycle flaws in molten metal and eliminate wheels that are vibrating at 20 kilo- passes, these points of strain will col- them by destroying the gas bubbles. cycles. These wheels press on the lapse, producing tremendous pres- Cut a star shapped hole in a piece metals from opposite sides thus break- sures locally (around 1,000 atmos- of high tensile strength steel! Impos- ing up the oxides that form on the pheres or 15,000 pounds per square sible by ordinary drilling and cutting surface. By producing a kneeding inch and temperatures of nearly 1,000 methods. But by using a newly de- action the crystal structures on the degrees F.). veloped method for cutting and drill- surfaces of the metal are welded to- ing holes in just about anything, in- gether. The result is that the dirt is liter- cluding teeth, it is possible to apply No e l e c t r i c c u r r e n t is passed ally blasted off the object being cleaned. This cleaning technique is ultrasonic energy to do the job. through the metals although the weld ten to twenty times faster than the By using a transducer, a device has the appearance of an electric ordinary methods, and it allows fully weld. This new process will allow for producing or receiving ultrasonic assembled pieces of appartus to be dissimilar metals, that are not readily waves, to vibrate a tool at about 30 cleaned, thus removing completely weldable with present techniques, to kilocycles and allowing a slurry of the time needed for disassembling the be welded. The only other process abrasive particles to run over the for welding dissimilar metals is the equipment. article to be drilled, a neat, perfectly cold welding process. The great dis- As m e n t i o n e d earlier, Westing- cut hole can be drilled or cut by the advantage of cold welding is that it house has developed an ultrasonic action of the vibrating tool on the (Continued on Page 56) dishwasher that will wash dishes fas- abrasive particles which chip away 25 a LOOK inside your placement bureau by NEWT BLACK, Tech. Writing, '60 W ITHIN the next few years you probably will be sitting in one of the 21 interview rooms in the ment facilities offered by an Ameri- can university. Located on the first floor of the Placement Bureau. Across from you Student Services Building, the bureau will be a representative from a large offers a centralized point for you to company —an e x e c u t i v e engineer. meet representatives from companies "Why would you like to work for across the United States. More than our company?" he will ask. 1,000 employing organizations will This is the climax of your college make use of the facilities of the bu- career; the goal for which you have reau this year. Four full-time men spent four years of your life. Your and 13 secretaries operate the largest future rests on the impression that campus placement system in the you make upon this man. country. But you, as a student at MSU, have What are the funtions of the bu- an advantage over students in other reau, and how do they apply to you? universities. Your Placement Bureau Jack Kinney, director of the Place- is one of the most modern employ- ment Bureau, said, "Our objective is to get more employers to come to dent and decide whether they want The Placement Bureau has two this campus, and more students to him in their organization. books that are especially helpful to interview." Kinney, an all-American the prospective interviewee. One is If they do, they will probably in- Your Job Interview, and the other, baseball player at MSU in 1950, vite the graduating senior to the com- seems to be reaching this goal. Since College Placement Annual. Copies of pany so that more company officials these helpful books are free. the bureau moved from Morrill Hall can meet him. At the same time the to the Student Services Building in student will get an opportunity to What is a good procedure to fol- 1957, the number of interviews has view the organization from within. low in preparing for an interview? lumped from less than 5,000 to an ex- Thus, both the company and the pros- First, the Placement Bureau posts Pected 15,000 this year. pective employee are better able to a "green sheet," listing the companies We are not only concerned about evaluate each other. that will be interviewing during the getting a graduating senior a job," After this tour is over, and if the following week. You must sign up for said Kinney, "but we also want him employer wants the student, he will an interview one week in advance. to get the right job. And we want to make an offer to him. Since this pro- This is a pleasant task. Two helpful make the process pleasant and easy cedure takes a long time, especially secretaries, Mrs. Shirley Gecowets and or bot h the students and employers." Mrs. Sally Herr, receptionists at the if a student makes two or more trips bureau, will tell you the openings From the standpoint of the em- to see different companies, it is usually that are available for an interview ployer the function of the interview best to start interviewing early in the with the company in which you are 1S t 0 find out whether a student is a senior year. interested. Possibility for the interviewer's com- A successful job interview is a ma- After you sign up, the next step pany. If the interviewer desires a cer- jor step toward fulfillment of your will be to become familiar with the tain student, he will either make a ambitions. The 20 or 30 minutes you company so that you can talk intel- direct offer to him, or invite the pros- spend with the interviewer may deter- ligently with its representative. The pective employee on a tour of the mine the entire future of your life. bureau library is for this purpose. It company's facilities. You have spent a sixteen-year pe- has brochures and catalogs from every But this procedure usually takes a riod in academic preparation for a company which will interview dur- month or more. When the interviewer job, and you sell yourself to an em- ing the year. leaves the campus, he takes a copy ployer in just thirty minutes or less Your next step is to arrive for the of interview time—that is, if you are interview about 15 minutes early. At of the student's records back to his prepared for the interview. If not, company. Other company executives (Continued on Page 56) you may still be looking for a job. look over the qualifications of the stu- SERVICE! B. K. Osborn devoted to electrical engineering at M. S. U. I F one word could be used to describe B. K. Osborn's career was on a par with other schools of comparable size. He has kept port. This might account for his interest in sailing. The Osborn s at Michigan State University it pace with the almost daily new have a canoe which they put a sail would be service. Mr. Osborn, with developments in the Electrical En- on. This provides enjoyable recre- 36 years as a member of Engineer- gineering field. Perhaps the reason ation for the whole family. ing faculty, is familiar to the ma- for this is his keen interest in the jority of the Electrical Engineer- It was almost inevitable that Mr. world around him. According to ing graduates at MSU. Osborn, being very apt in labora- his wife, Evelyn, he never leaves tory work, should become an am- Mr. Osborn, a graduate of the any stones unturned in his inter- ateur radio operator. He owned a University of Michigan, received est in engineering. ham set for a number of years and his degree in Electrical Engineer- High on the list of his many during that time was a member ing in 1918. He was employed at activities are his hobbies. They in- of the American Radio Relay Michigan Bell Telephone Com- clude photography, sailing, listen- League. In connection with his pany and Adams X-ray for several ing to music, and part-time garden- laboratory work he has had arti- years. He received an appointment ing. At the present time, he is cles which have appeared in vari- to Michigan State's Engineering concentrating primarily on photo- ous trade magazines and profes- staff as an instructor in 1924, and graphy. He doesn't have any spe- sional journals. has seen Michigan State grow from cial subjects which he photo- Mr. Osborn's professional affilia- a relatively small agricultural col- graphs, but one can be sure that tions include membership in the lege to its present status as a Big among his favorites are his three A.I.E.E. and the I.R.E. He has Ten University. sons; David, a graduate of the Uni- occupied a prominent position in versity of Michigan; Stephen, a "Who's Who in Engineering" for Mr. Osborn has played an im- graduate of Michigan State; and portant part in this growth. He a number of years. Kenneth, who is presently enrolled provided the basis for much of at Michigan State as a junior. No Over the past 36 years Mr. Michigan State's recent expansion doubt his two grandchildren will Osborn has given invaluable con- in Electrical Engineering, by de- also claim a prize place in his t r i b u t i o n s to the growth and veloping the electronics and com- album. d e v e l o p m e n t of this university. munications laboratory practically Everyone at Michigan State can from scratch in 1924 to where it Mr. Osborn was born near Lake certainly be proud of the fine work Michigan in the town of Spring- that he has done. 28 Spartan Engineer They're transmission engineers with Michigan Bell Telephone Company in Detroit. Burnell graduated from Western Michigan in 1951 with a B.S. in Physics, spent four years in the Navy, then joined the telephone company. His present work is with carrier systems, as they relate to Direct Distance Dialing facilities. Dick got his B.S.E.E. degree from Michigan in 1956 and came straight to Michigan Bell. He is currently engineering and administering a pro- gram to utilize new, transistorized repeater (ampli- fier) equipment. Both men are well qualified to answer a ques- tion you might well be asking yourself: "What's in telephone company engineering for me?" "There's an interesting day's work for you every day. You really have to use your engineering train- ing and you're always working with new develop- ments. Every time Bell Laboratories designs a new and more efficient piece of equipment, you are challenged to incorporate it in our system effec- tively and economically. For example, I have been working on projects utilizing a newly developed voice frequency amplifier. It's a plug-in t y p e - transistorized—and consumes only two watts, so it has lots of advantages. But I have to figure out where and how it can be used in our sprawling network to provide new and improved service. Technological developments like this really put spice in the job." "Training helps, too—and you get the best. Through an interdepartmental training program, you learn how company-wide operations dovetail. You also get a broad background by rotation of assignments. I'm now working with carrier sys- tems, but previously worked on repeater (ampli- fier) projects as Dick is doing now. Most important, I think you always learn 'practical engi- neering.' You constantly search for the solution that will be most economical in the long run." There's more, of course—but you can get the whole story from the Bell interviewer. He'll be visiting your campus before long. Be sure to sit down and talk with him. Fudge Factors The field has never been broader The challenge has never been greater Engineers at Pratt & Whitney Aircraft today are concerned with the development of all forms of flight propulsion systems—air breathing, rocket, nuclear and other advanced types for propulsion in space. Many of these systems are so entirely new in concept that their design and development, and allied research programs, require technical personnel not previously associated with the development of aircraft engines. Where the company was once primarily interested in graduates with degrees in mechanical and aeronautical engineering, it now also requires men with degrees in electrical, chemical, and nuclear engineering, and in physics, chemistry, and metallurgy. Included in a wide range of engineering activities open to technically trained graduates at all levels are these four basic fields: ANALYTICAL ENGINEERING Men engaged in this activity are concerned with fundamental investigations in the fields of science or engineering related to the conception of new products. They carry out detailed analyses of ad- vanced flight and space systems and interpret results in terms of practical design applications. They provide basic information which is essential in determining the types of systems that have development potential. DESIGN ENGINEERING The prime requisite here is an active interest in the application of aerodynamics, thermo- dynamics, stress analysis, and principles of machine design to the creation of new flight propulsion systems. Men en- gaged in this activity at P&WA establish the specific per- formance and structural requirements of the new product and design it as a complete working mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL ENGINEERING Here men supervise and coordinate fabrication, assembly and laboratory testing of experimental apparatus, system components, and devel- opment engines. They devise test rigs and laboratory setups, specify instrumentation and direct execution of the actual test programs. Responsibility in this phase of the develop- ment program also includes analysis of test data, reporting of results and recommendations for future effort. MATERIALS ENGINEERING Men active in this field at P&WA investigate metals, alloys and other materials under various environmental conditions to determine their usefulness as applied to advanced flight propulsion systems. They devise material testing methods and design special test equipment. They are also responsible for the determina- tion of new fabrication techniques and causes of failures or manufacturing difficulties. Guided tour of the solar system The new NASA Thor-boosted research rocket, DELTA, now being con- structed by Douglas, will set up big signposts for further space explorations. Combining elements already proved in space projects with an advanced radio-inertial guidance system developed by the Bell Telephone Laboratories of Western Electric Company, DELTA will have the versatility and accuracy for a wide variety of satellite, lunar and solar missions. Douglas insistence on reliability will be riding with these 90 foot, three-stage rockets on every shoot. At Douglas we are seeking qualified engineers to join us on this and other equally stimulating projects. Write to C. C. LaVene, Box 600-X, Douglas Aircraft Company, Santa Monica, California. RCA Electronics helps build a new capital of science at Princeton, N. J. Explorers once looked for new opportunities beyond mate in which research thrives. Since then, many the mountains and the oceans. Today, our frontiers other institutions dedicated to research in a variety are somewhere out in space or deep inside the of fields have been erected in the area. atom. The modern explorer is the research scientist. From RCA's vision has grown a reservoir of He seeks new ideas, new knowledge. scientists and research men whose achievements Research has been an important activity at RCA put electronics into service on an ever-broadening ever since it was founded in 1919. And eighteen front, and with such success that RCA means elec- years ago many scattered operations were united tronics—whether related to international communi- in the RCA David Sarnoff Research Center, which cations, to the clearest performance of television in set the pattern for a new capital of industrial re- color or black-and-white, radio and stereophonic search at Princeton, N. J. Here, RCA provided music or to national defense and the electronic gifted men with fine facilities—and created a cli- conquests in space. If there were ten subs patroling 13. The employer should not offer NUCLEAR SUBS at sea, a maximum of 160 missiles a student special payments, gifts, (Continued from Page 21) could be launched at any one time. bonuses, or other inducements, nor This is enough to destroy the major should he compensate or favor a third Both stages are made of steel and air bases, industrial centers and mili- party to prevail upon the student to the total length of the missile is forty- tary installations of the enemy. accept an employment offer. seven feet. The maximum diameter With this sort of retaliation facing 14. Employers s h o u l d not raise is almost ten feet. them, the war staff of an enemy na- offers already made except when such Aerojet General Corp. is building tion would be foolish to attack. They action can be clearly justified as the power plants for both stages. Using would receive as much damage as sound i n d u s t r i a l relations practice, a high energy propellent, it delivers they could inflict on us. So the Fleet such as, when an increase in hiring 80,000-100,000 pounds thrust. Ballistic Missile Submarine is a de- rate is required on an overall basis Thickol Corp. is assisting Aerojet terrent to war as well as an offensive to reflect salary adjustments in the in the development of the second or weapon. employing organization. main stage. It consists of a three 15. The employer should keep the nozzle chamber with solid propellent. It is easy to see how nuclear subs affect the average person. The coun- Placement Office informed concern- The performance is similar to the ing his interest in particular students first stage. try who gets a monopoly on this type of weapon has an advantage. They and his negotiations with them. Since the Polaris uses solid fuel, it could be used against the U. S. as is easier to maintain and launch than 16. When a student has declined easily as in defense of it. a job offer, the employer should ac- a liquid fuel rocket of equal power. No long tedious countdown is needed. Perhaps the potentialities of the cept that decision as final. If for any Therefore, all sixteen missiles in one nuclear sub were best described by reason the employer wishes to re- sub could be fired in a matter of Rear Admiral H. G. Rickover. "Nu- establish contact with the student, minutes. The first of a new series clear powered submarines capable of he should do so only through the of Polaris missiles designed for a 900 launching IRBM's with nuclear war- Placement Office. mile range flew successfully last heads will become underwater satel- 17. The employer should engage month. lites. They will be able to move any- each student who has accepted his where at any time, completely sub- offer except when failure to do so Tactics merged. The problem of locating and is the direct result of contingencies But no matter how efficient the destroying them will be tremendous. explained during the interview or un- missile or submarine are, they must The enemy would be in the position avoidable economic factors not fore- work together. This calls for new of a man trying to find a black cat seen when the offer was made. tactics developed to take advantage on a vast and empty plain on a moon- of the nuclear sub's characteristics. less and starless night." Responsibilities of the College Basically, the tactics consist of us- 1. As part of its general obliga- ing a highly mobile launching plat- tion for the development of the stu- form, the submarine, to carry the mis- GUIDE dent, the college should accept re- sile within range of the target. The sponsibility for s t i m u l a t i o n of his missile is responsible for the actual (Continued from Page 22) thinking about his career objectives destruction of the target. This is over- and for a s s i s t a n c e in overcoming simplified quite a bit. his expected departure time. Every effort should be made to avoid last handicaps which may hinder his prog- Let's take an example. Country X's minute cancellations. ress toward objectives appropriate for war staff decides to attack the U. S. him. Competent counseling services Although the enemy bombers in- 9. The i n t e r v i e w e r should very should be provided for this purpose, tended to launch a surprise attack, carefully follow the interview time available to individual students. they are detected far out over the schedule agreed upon with the Place- ocean by a radar picket ship. In- ment Office. 2. The Placement Office should in- stantly the call goes out to all mili- form employers concerning the num- 10. As soon as possible following ber of students available for inter- tary units as well as the Air Force. an interview, the employer should view in the several curricula, and Far away, cruising submerged in communicate with the student and the dates of graduation. This informa- the North Atlantic, the nuclear sub the Placement Office concerning the tion should be sent as soon as it is Advenger picks up a signal. A few outcome of the interview. available. moments pass while the navigator 11. The employer should give the feeds the sub's position into the com- 3. The Placement Office should student reasonable time to consider annuonce to students early in the puter. The captain has selected the his offer, and in no case should the target. He pushes the button. With a school year which employers will in- student be pressured into making a terview s t u d e n t s and when. The slight whoosh, the Polaris is on its decision concerning employment. Placement Office should make revised way toward Country X. The sub can either launch more missiles or speed 12. If the employer invites a stu- announcements from time to time as to another location. dent to visit his premises for further may be necessary. discussion of employment, the visit 4. The P l a c e m e n t Office should Even if any of the enemy planes should be arranged to interfere as had managed to evade our missiles make employment literature available little as possible with class schedules. and interceptors, and started home, He should explain what expenses will to students and faculty. they would find very few of their be paid, how and when. Invitations 5. When an employer is looking bases left intact. Crowding in at the for this purpose should be made only few remaining airfields, they will be for graduates in several fields (e.g.. on an individual basis and the em- engineering, psychology, physics) the good targets for either missiles or ployer should avoid elaborate enter- planes. Placement Office s h o u l d issue an- taining or overselling. (Continued on Page 50) 38 Spartan Engineer For the man who likes to make his own career decisions The Allis-Chalmers Graduate Training Course is based on freedom of opportunity. You will have up to two years of practical training to find the right spot for yourself. At the same time, you enjoy a steady income. You can ac- cept a permanent position at any time — when- ever you can show you are ready. You help plan your own program, working with experienced engineers, many of them grad- uates of the program. Your choice of fields is as broad as industry itself—for Allis-Chalmers supplies equipment serving numerous growth industries. A unique aspect of the course is its flexibility. You may start out with a specific field in mind, then discover that your interests and talents lie in another direction. You have the freedom to change your plans at any time while on the course. Types of jobs: Research • Design • Development • Manufac- turing • Application • Sales • Service. Industries: Agriculture • Cement • Chemical • Construction • Electric Power • Nuclear Power • Paper • Petroleum • Steel. Equipment: Steam Turbines • Hydraulic Turbines • Switchgear • Transformers • Electronics • Reactors • Kilns • Crushers • Tractors • Earth Movers • Motors • Control • Pumps • Engines: Diesel, Gas. Freedom of Opportunity opens the doors to chal- lenging and interesting careers. Among them is our Nuclear Power Division, with an engineering staff in Washington, D. C, a new research and development center in Greendale, Wis., and an important research effort at Princeton University involving power from the hydrogen atom. For de- tails on the opportunities available, write to Allis- Chalmers, Graduate Training Section, Milwaukee 1, Wisconsin. A-1192 creased from 763 to 1,718. The 1,718 were m a t c h i n g their wits against 288,000 men. In the fields of science and mathe- matics the situation is somewhat better. In a recent survey it was found that 20% of the junior majors in science and mathematics are wom- en, although the distribution varies drastically from field to field. For ex- ample, of the 11,274 included in the count, 4,739 were registered for ma- jors in the biological sciences, and 3,357 were majoring in mathematics. In the physical sciences, on the other hand, where total enrollment was very nearly as large as in the biologi- cal sciences, the women majors num- bered only 2,358. Chemistry claimed by far the largest number of this group—1,812. In physics they made solid gains but still comprised only 4.3% of the majors, and in geology they were thrown for a very bad loss. Official L959 figures are expected like to quietly drop the program, For the past two years the demand to be published by the U.S. Office which in the last year has been for geologists has been low, and in of EDUCAtion in the near future. The limited to 2,000 positions. the competition for scarce jobs, too following are our estimates for 1959 many women have lost out to men. and our forecast for I960. The Commissions, as in the past, Their experience was reflected in the will insist on the continuation of the sharp drop in junior majors last year. From colleges Program until legislative authority for With BCPD The earth sciences are an excep- Accredited 1958 1959 1960 service alternatives exist for engineers tion, for in all other fields of science Curricula Actual KstiniHtcd Projected and scientists in essential activities— Aeronautical 1188 1300 1285 and e n g i n e e r i n g the demand for as they recommended to the Senate Agricultural 359 360 350 Armed Services Committee earlier trained personnel has increased, and Chemical 2920 3025 2975 this year. in certain fields it has increased spec- Civil 4673 5050 4975 tacularly. Industrial concerns, engi- Electrical 8712 9500 9400 neering schools, and government lab- General 683 710 685 Industrial 1783 1875 1825 New Appointments: oratories are scouring the country for Mechanical 7859 8425 8350 electronics and electrical engineers. Metallurgical 862 680 670 Donald Anderson, assistant profes- Shortages are acute in several spe- Mining 220 205 190 sor of Chemical Engineering, March Petroleum 680 685 660 cialties in m e c h a n i c a l engineering. All Others 1477 1800 1750 15. Available jobs g r e a t l y outnumber Total (1216 33615 33115 available physicists, and even with William D. Powrie, assistant pro- From other fessor of agriculture, October 31. the marked response to the demand Colleges 4116 4350 4300 for mathematicians, the 30% increase Grand Total 35332 37965 37415 Sabbatical Leave of Absence: that has taken place in junior majors is not likely to exceed the growing Data for 1959 and 1960 represent James Anderson, professor of Me- demand. scaling down of earlier estimates be- chanical Engineering, January 1 to cause retention rates in recent years July 31, study, travel and health. have decreased. The 1959 graduating The staff of the Spartan Engineer class (close to 38,000) started in 1955 would like to introduce their faculty Perhaps the four women who advisors. These gentlemen will ad- with 72,825 freshmen; although the earned Doctor's degrees in engineer- vise the growing staff on ways to freshman class in the following year ing in 1958 were made of stern stuff, make the magazine more interesting- (1956) was larger-77,738-it now ap- but they proved it could be done. Heading the group of advisors are pears likely that the number graduat- ing (four years later) will be smaller. More significantly, they demonstrated John D. Ryder, Dean of Engineering Within the past five or six years the conclusively that there are places for and William Mcllrath, Director of trend in degrees by curricula distribu- women in science and engineering at Student P u b l i c a t i o n s . Denton Mc- tion have shown; Electrical gaining every level of training. Grady of the Metallurgical Engineer- steadily (now 27%); Civil dropping ing Department will continue as our Women have been entering the (now 15%) while Mechanical (25%); technical advisor. New to the group Chemical (10%) and Industrial (5%) field of engineering in larger num- of advisors are; James Stokley, Jour- have remained fairly constant. bers, but even so they comprise less nalism, who will advise on problems than 1% of the engineering enroll- involved in writing; Thomas Farrell, ments in institutions of higher learn- Business Service, a former ECMA The Critical Skills Program, with ing throughout the country. In the officer, who will act as local critic; an off-and-on history since its incep- decade beginning in 1949 and ending and Harold Plumb, a Michigan State tion in 1956, is again up for review. in 1958, the number of young women University engineering alumni, who The Department of Defense would working for engineering degrees in- will advise us on alumni relations. 40 Steady acceleration to escape velocity is mandatory to place a space vehicle into success- ful orbit. So too, your career must accelerate. At McDonnell — you alone will determine your rate of ascent. Favorable conditions pre- vail—professional association, counselling, sup- plementary training, rotational assignments— but you are at the controls and must contribute your own technical ability and initiative. You will be bounded only by your own ambitions. Learn more about our company and com- munity by seeing our Engineering Representa- tive when he visits your campus, or, if you prefer, write a brief note to: Raymond F. Kaletta Engineering Employment Supervisor P.O. Box 516, St. Louis 66, Missouri Checking Einstein with an atomic clock in orbit To test Einstein's general theory of relativity, scien- projects as advanced airborne systems, advanced tists at the Hughes research laboratories are devel- data handling and display systems, global and spa- oping a thirty pound atomic maser clock (see photo tial communications systems, nuclear electronics, at left) under contract to the National Aeronautics advanced radar systems, infrared devices, ballistic and Space Administration. Orbiting in a satellite, missile systems...just to name a few. a maser clock would be compared with another The rapid growth of Hughes reflects the continuous on the ground to check Einstein's proposition that advance in Hughes capabilities—providing an ideal time flows faster as gravitational pull decreases. environment for the engineer or physicist, whatever Working from the new research center in Malibu, his field of interest. California, Hughes engineers will develop a MASER (Microwave Amplification through Stimulated Emission of Radiation) clock so accurate that it will neither gain nor lose a single second in 1000 years. This clock, one of three types contracted for by NASA, will measure time directly from the vibrations of the atoms in ammonia molecules. Before launching, an atomic clock will be syn- chronized with another on the ground. Each clock would generate a highly stable current with afrequencyof billions of cycles per second. Elec- tronic circuitry would reduce the rapid oscillations to a slower rate in order to make precise laboratory measurements. The time "ticks" from the orbiting would then be transmitted by radio to com- pare with the time of the clock on earth. By meas- uring t h e difference, scientists will be able to check Einstein's theories. Inotherengineeringactivities at Hughes, research anddevelopmentwork is being performed on such Wendy Linn Mouw Home Town; Birmingham, Michigan Age: 20 Specs: 5' 2" Brown Hair Green Eyes 34-24-34 Major: Business & Secretarial Hobbies: Golf Swimming MISS JANUARY ENGINEER Look beyond the obvious. - . . . . as you consider your first professional job. At Melpar, we believe that all young engineers and scientists should develop the habit of looking beyond the obvious. First, what is the obvious? It's obvious that you're in demand. You don't have to worry about getting your material wants satisfied. And you don't have to worry about getting opportunities for professional growth. Since you are in demand, you can expect to get the things you want from any number of potential employers. But, if you look beyond the obvious, you'll real- ize now that you're going to want something more than "want satisfaction" out of your career. You're going to want pride—pride in your per- sonal, individual contribution. At Melpar, where we are now working on 120 advanced defense and space exploration projects, we are interested only in young men who realize that pride is a reward that extends much beyond the obvious. Because Melpar is a proud Company. We're proud of our IMAGINEERING approach to the solution of electronic problems; we're proud of our uninterrupted growth and controlled expan- sion; we're proud of the communities that sur- round our laboratories and plants in Northern Virginia and Boston, and we're proud of our cre- ation, design, and production of electronic prod- ucts destined for universal application. If you want an opportunity to be proud of your contribution and your Company, we're interested in hearing from you. Tell us about yourself. Either ask your college's Placement Director to arrange a personal interview with the Melpar representative who will be visiting your campus, or write to our Professional Employment Supervisor. Tell him if you would like to hear from one of your college's graduates who is now progressing ' at Melpar. ATOMS IN YOUR FUTURE? You are looking at a photograph recently Du Pont than ever before. There is a bright released by the Atomic Energy Commission. future here for metallurgists, physicists, math- It shows the Commission's heavy water plant ematicians, electrical and mechanical engi- near the banks of the Savannah River in neers, and other technical specialists, as well South Carolina. It is but one unit of an as for chemists and chemical engineers. atomic energy project that covers more Perhaps you will work in the field of atomic ground than the entire city of Chicago. research and development. But that is only a This vast installation was built by Du Pont small part of the over-all Du Pont picture. at government request in 1950 for cost plus Your future could lie in any of hundreds of $1. Still operated by Du Pont, it stands as a areas, from the development of new fibers, bastion of strength for the free world. Equally films or plastics to the exploration of solar important, here are being expanded horizons energy. Or in the sale and marketing of new of nuclear engineering which will eventually products developed in these and many other lead to better living for all of us. areas. In any case, you will be given respon- Like hundreds of other Du Pont research sibility from the very start, along with train- projects, probing the mysteries of the atom ing that is personalized to fit your interests has led to all kinds of new jobs. Exciting and special abilities. We 11 help you work at jobs. In the laboratory. In production. In or near the top of your ability. For as you administration. Good jobs that contribute grow, so do we. substantially to the growth of Du Pont and If you would like to know more about our country's security and prosperity. career opportunities at Du Pont, ask your What does all this have to do with you? placement officer for literature. Or write E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. (Inc.), 2420 For qualified bachelors, masters and doc- Nemours Building, Wilmington 98, Delaware. tors, career opportunities are today greater at February S Iteilly Tar & Chemical February 25 Standard Oil of Calif. Commonwealth Edison Kaiser Steel Lockheed Missiles Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Kroger Square D. Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. Martin Int'l Tel. & Tel. Upjohn Co. National Security Agency Arthur Anderson Alcoa Dewey & Almy Chem. U.S. Graphite Stewart Warner Div. W. R. Grace & Co. Sinuins Co. The Trane Co. Avco Mfg.-Crosle Div. Harshaw Cliemical Co, Leland Public Schools Chain Belt Co. Royal Oak Pub. Schools February 17 Kroger (McCaffery) Detroit Controls Dev.-Ainer. Std. New York Life Ins. Co. Union Carbide Chemicals Rohm & Haas Co. February 9 Libbey-Owens-Ford Chevrolet-Flint Mfg. Lockheed Missiles Continental Oil Co. Michigan Bell Square D. American Air Filter Wood Conversion Hess & Clark Anchor Hocking Glass Hamilton-Standard Bureau of Ships February 26 Int'l Tel. & Tel. General Foods Corp. Grandville Public Schools Harvifchfeger Corp. California Texas Oil Corp. National Security Agency Hi. liards-Wilcov Co. Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Institute of Paper Chemistry Pittsburgh Des-Moines Steel I.H.M. Simmons Co. Frankford Arsenal Babcock & Wilcox Washington Corp. Kroger Convair-San Diego Kroger (McCaffery) Indiana & Michigan Elect. Co February 10 Michigan Bell General Elect. K.V.I'. General Elect. Cargill Inc. Hess & Clark Wood Conversion Hamilton-Standard February 18 Kaiser Steel Inl'l Tel. & Tel. Ladish Co. Texas Instrument, Inc. Borg Warner McGraw Hill I.DM. Caterpillar Tractor Pure Oil Firestone Tire & Rubber Co. Ingcrsoll-Rand Co. Plainwell Comm. Schs. Convair-San Diego Inland Steel Grand Rapidj Public Schools Bridgeport Brass February 29 Michigan Bell Shell Chemical Corp. February 11 Lubrizol Corp. General Electric V. S. Steel Co. General Electric Motorola Inc. U.S. Steel Co. ( Hagen) Prudential Ins. Parke Davis & Co. Ford Motor Co. Baker Perkens Johnson Service Co. Allied Chemical Battle Creek Public Schools Lilton Industries B.F. Goodrich February 19 Dana Corp. Dow Corning Manufacturers Nat'l Bank of Detroit Dept. of the Navy Visking Co. Naval Air Development Ctr. Halston Purina Caterpillar Tractor Detroit Travelers Inc. Co. American Nat'l Bank & Trust Co. Michigan Bell Wyandotte Public Schools National Carbon Strongberg-Carlson Portage Township Schools l'ci a Unified School District Prudential Ins. San Jose Unified School District Shillitos March 1 Kern County Union High School Allis-Chalmers Warren Consolidated Schs. Shell Chemical Corp. February 12 Packaging Corp. of America General Electric Ford Motor Co. Sinclair Kawneer B, c\ (). Railroad Leeds & Northrop General Mills February 22 Kearfott Co. Ralston Purina I.B.M. Procter & Gamble Consumers Power National Carbon North American Aviation Pomona Unified School District Kemper Ins. Lockheed Aircraft Corp. Standard Oil Res. Lab. Ohio Fuel Gas Co. Eastman Kodak U.S. Dept. of Commerce-Patent O Kimberly-Clark Minneapolis-Honeywell Ricke Kumler Co. Dupont Link Belt Co. March 2 Los Angeles Civil Service I. L. Hudson J. Walter Thompson Co. Sangamao Electric Los Angeles State College Standard Oil Kawneer Grosse Pointe Public Schools Shell Chemical (Summer) February 15 February 23 U.S. Dept. of Interior-Bureau of Reclamation Douglas Aircraft Procter & Gamble Union Carbide Corp. Kaiser Aluminum & Chemical Martin I.B.M. Firestone Tires & Rubber Co. North American Aviation Abbott Labs Diamond Alkali Lockheed Aircraft Kimberly-Clark Wright Air Development Div. Rogers Public School Godwin Hts. Public Schools Chas. Pfizer & Co. Eastman Kodak Automatic Music Continental Can Reynolds Metals The Trane Co. Dupont March 3 Surface Combustion Corp. Pacific Finance Control Data Corporation Hewlett-Packard Co. Kordite Co. February 24 City of Milwaukee Esso Std. Oil Co. Civil Service Reynolds Metals Union Carbide Corp. Chev. Gear & Axle Industrial Nucleonics Potomac River Naval Cmd.- February 16 Martin Naval Res. Lab. Libbey-Owens-Ford North American Aviation Sperry Gyroscope Standard Oil of Ohio El Monte School District Eastman Kodak Douglas Aircraft Sundstrand Spaukling Fibre Co. Inc. Columbia-Southern Chem. Eastman Kodak Long Beach Unified School District Anchor Hocking Glass Paul E. Williams Nat'l Bank of Det. Pacific Finance Berkley Unified School District 48 Opportunities for professional recognition If you feel, as we do, that the publication of technical less, because Allied makes over 3,000 products-chemi- papers adds to the professional stature of the individual cals, plastics, fibers—products that offer careers with a employee and his worth to his company, you will see why future for chemists, chemistry majors and engineers. Allied encourages its people to put their findings in print. Why not write today for a newly revised copy of "Your Some recent contributions from our technical staff are Future in Allied Chemical." Or ask our interviewer shown below. about Allied when he next visits your campus. Your It's interesting to speculate on what you might publish placement office can tell you when he'll be there. as a chemist at one of our 12 research laboratories and Allied Chemical, Department J6-R2 development centers. The possibilities are virtually limit- 61 Broadway, New York 6, New York DEARNE KEUCH, one of 136 Dunham-Bush sales engineers, knows the advantages of being associated with a dynamic young company with extensive product lines. Following his engineering studies at Purdue, Deane joined Dunham-Bush as a trainee and soon became an application engineer. After a relatively short time he was assigned his own territory, working out of the Cleveland area sales office. In calling on consulting engineers, architects, plant engineers, wholesalers, contractors and building owners, Deane (like all Dunham-Bush sales engineers) finds it reassuring to be backed by his area office and the facilities of Dunham-Bush laboratories. Equally reassuring is the availability of complete lines. The range of Dunham-Bush refrigeration products runs from compressors to complete systems; the range of air conditioning products extends from motel room conditioners to a hospital's entire air conditioning plant. The heating line is equally complete: from a radiator valve to zone heating control for an entire apartment housing project. The Dunham-Bush product family even includes specialized heat transfer products applicable to missile use. If you'd like to know more about the company that offers "Sales Engineering Unlimited", send for a copy of "This is Dunham-Bush". Some pollen isn't to be sneezed at ...it may be clue to oil! One of nature's most closely-guarded secrets is being unraveled to- day by the painstaking efforts of research scientists working with clues millions of years old, some dating back as far as 500 mil- lion years. Scientists feel certain that vast supplies of oil lie undiscovered beneath the earth's surface. Only a few scattered and skimpy clues to its whereabouts exist. Fossils of plant and animal life are among the most important. But with the skill of an expert, nature has covered the trail well. In many areas, the better known fossils can't be found! Constantly searching for new clues, science "detec- tives" in the laboratories of Pan American Petroleum Corporation, a Standard Oil affiliate, have turned to the invisible pollen and spores that fill the air to the discomfort of hay fever sufferers. (Spores are similar to pollen and also can cause hay fever symptoms.) But these pollen and spores no longer peril allergy victims, for they have been embedded in rock for millions of years. These microscopic traces of plant life form the missing link, telling scientists the same story they normally get from the larger plant and animal fossils, ecause of this new study, extensive areas, once Passed over, have been opened to re-exploration, Scientists expect new oil discoveries will be made. As the result of such trail-blazing research work merica's proved underground oil reserves have grown arger, prices have remained reasonable, and America as been assured an adequate supply to keep its defenses strong. WHAT MAKES A COMPANY A GOOD CITIZEN? Responsibility for the future is inherent in good citizen- ship. One way a company can discharge this obligation is through research aimed at expanding America's esources and assuring future generations the benefits We enjoy today. A RESUME IS A TWO-PARTY AFFAIR Throughout your engineering career, the name technical positions in all areas of our work . . . of the first employer appearing on your resume from tiny diodes to complex digital computer can be as significant as your education. But, in systems and a massive network of global selecting that first employer, you should also communications. consider his resume. In addition to the opportunities for work and ITT is the largest American-owned world-wide association with distinguished engineers and electronic and telecommunication enterprise. scientists, our graduate education tuition re- To give you an idea of the breadth of our fund program encourages engineers to continue activity . . . there are 80 research and manu- their formal training . . . and the facilities facturing units and 14 operating companies in for graduate work near ITT locations are the ITT System playing a vital role in projects superior. of great national significance in electronics This is an all too brief resume. It would be and telecommunications research, development, hard to associate yourself with a company that production, service and operation. offers the engineer greater choice of assign- The scope and volume of work entrusted to us ment. Write us about your interests — or see by industry and the government opens a broad our representatives when they visit your range of highly diversified engineering and campus. Here's a 7-Question Quiz to help you decide on your future: Where Do You Want To Work? If your interests lie in 1 the fields of electronics or the aircraft/missile indus- tries, you will want to join the outstanding scientists and engineers in Southern California-the electronic, aircraft/missile center of the world. 2 Where Do You Want To Live? If you work at Northrop you'll be able to spend your leisure at the Pacific beaches, in the mountains, on the desert. You'll enjoy an active life in Southern California's incomparable year-round climate. Want Top Salary? Northrop's salary structure is 3 unique in the industry. At Northrop you'll earn what you're worth. With this growing company you'll receive increases as often as you earn them. And these increases will be based on your own indi- vidual achievements. Northrop's vacation and fringe benefits are extra liberal. Want Advanced Degrees? At Northrop you'll con- 4 tinue to learn while you earn with no-cost and low- cost education at leading Southern California insti- tutions. You'll earn advanced degrees and keep cur- rent with latest advances in your own chosen field. 5 Want To Work With Leaders? Your Northrop col- leagues are acknowledged leaders in their fields- men chosen for their capabilities and their skills in guiding and developing creative talents of younger men. These are men who delegate authority, assure you of fair share of credit for engineering triumphs. Want The Challenge Of Opportunity? At Northrop 6 you will apply your talents to the work you enjoy - i n the fields best suited to your inclination and ability. You'll work with the newest, most-advanced research and test equipment. At Northrop and its Divisions you are offered a wide diversity of over 30 operational fields from which to choose. In Which Of These 3 Divisions Would You Like To Work? 7 NORAIR DIVISION is the creator of the USAF Snark SM-62 missile now operational with SAC. Norair is currently active in programs of space research, flight-testing theUSAF-NorthropT-38Talon trainer and Northrop's N-156F Freedom Fighter. RADIOPLANE DIVISION, creator of the world's first family of drones, produces and delivers unmanned aircraft for all the U. S. Armed Forces to train men, evaluate weapon systems, and fly surveillance mis- sions. Today Radioplane is readying the recovery system for Project Mercury- NORTRONICS DIVISION is a leader in inertial and astro- nertial guidance systems. At Hawthorne, Nortronics explores infra-red applications, airborne digital com- puters, and interplanetary navigation. At Anaheim, Nortronics develops ground support, optical and electromechanical equipment, and the most ad- vanced data-processing devices. ALUMNI NOTES William Frank Uhl, chairman of puters. His address is 3842 W. 11th sign of Micro-Wave equipment. His the hoard, Chas. T. Main, Inc., and St., Hawthorne, Calif. address is RD#5, c/o S. Furman, senior partner, Uhl, Kail & Kich, „ o o Amsterdam, N.Y. Boston, Mass., is one of the foremost Charles Anderson ('59) is a re- » o « hydraulic engineers in the U.S. and search and development engineer for R.C.A. Charles resides at 169 Mans- Brice Boesch (S'59) is employed by is widely acknowledged in foreign the Soil Conservation Service in Sagi- countries. His professional career, field Blvd. N., Haddonfield, New naw. His address is 1163 Ridge Rd., principally in connection with hydro- Jersev. Sebewaing, Mich. electric power, has been marked by • * • » * « work with 34 new plants, 28 rcde- Charles Arnold ('59) is continuing velopinents, and he has acted as con- his education at M.S.U. in the field Ted Benson ('58 F) is an engineer sultant on 52 others. He has been of applied mechanics. for Ryerson and Haynes, Inc. in engaged on many projects in Africa, • ft • Jackson. He is residing at 606 Gar- Turkey, South America, and Canada. Duane A. Barney ('59) is an elec- field. * o o Mr. Uhl joined Charles T. Main in trical engineer for I.B.M. He is spend- 1909, became president of Chas. T. ing most of his time working on a Hugh Bond ('58) is employed by Main, Inc. in 15)39, and in 1957 was large computer in the Data Proces- the Michigan State Highway Depart- made chairman of the board. At the sing Division. Duane's address is ment as a Highway Design Engineer. present time, through Uhl, Hall & RFD 2 Box 251, Hopewell Junction, He is living at 333 N. Fairview, Lan- Kich, he is engaged in the design N.Y. sing, Mich. ft « ft and supervision of construction of ft ft ft two large hydroelectric projects for Russell F. Barry ('59) is employed Gordon Bonney ('59) is an engi- the Power Authority of the State of by R.C.A. as a research and develop- neering trainee at Cooper-Bessemer New York—Barnhart Island on the St. ment engineer. He is residing at 43-B Corp. He is residing at 5 South Park Lawrence River and Lewiston on the Parkway Apts., Haddonfield, N.J. St., Mt. Vernon, Ohio. Niagara River. Together the plants o a » have a total normal capacity of 3- Olin Baughman ('59) is working for Donald Borchardt ('59) is an asso- million kw in the U.S. Mr. Uhl is a the Westinghouse Education center ciate engineer for Martin-Denver Cor- member of the Tennessee Valley Au- in Pittsburgh, Pa. poration. Donald is living at 80 West thority Board of Consultants, and he » e » Kenyon, Englewood, Colorado. formerly acted as special consultant o » o on a number of U.S. Engineer flood- Merwin Beckwith ('59) is working control projects. He has been a mem- as a research engineer for the Ford Paul Koopman ('38) and his wife ber of the Engineers Joint Council Motor Company. He is primarily with Ilah (Carpenter), ('37) have moved to National Water Policy Panel; is a the design and field test of farm trac- a new home in Grand Rapids. Their tors and implements. address is 900 Iroquois Dr., S.E., member of the New England Sec- o « e Grand Rapids 6, Mich. tion for Hydraulic Power of the Edi- son Electric Institute; vice-chairman Richard Bell ('59) is employed as « ft ft of the U.S. Committee of the Inter- a production engineer for Lockheed Ivan E. Parsons ('39) is chief engi- national Commission on Large Dams. Aircraft Corp., Marietta, Georgia. He neer at Continental Motors in Muske- Mr. Uhl is the author of a number is living at 105 Woodland Dr., Ken- gon. He and his wife Mary (Finley), of papers on the subject of hydro- nesaw, Ga. (w'42) live at 435 W. Circle Dr., N. ft ft ft electric power, flood control, and Muskegon, Michigan. other subjects. He is a member also Page Bellinger ('58) received his « « ft of ASCE, AIEE, NSPE, The Ameri- masters degree in agricultural engi- can Geophysical Union, the New- neering in December. He served as a John W. Leggat, Jr., ('40) is an comen Society, and is an Honorary graduate research assistant and was engineer in the research laboratories Member of B.S.C.E. Tufts Univer- interested primarily in hay pelleting. at General Motors. His address is sity and Michigan State University ft * O 2502 Woodland, Royal Oak. have each conferred upon him the Harold Bennett ('59) is working as ft « « honorary degree of doctor of engi- a research engineer for the Institute Robert T. Bogan ('42) is commun- neering. He is a registered profes- Plant of Union Carbide. His address ity relations manager of Monsanto sional engineer in 33 states. In 1958, is 113 B South St., S. Charleston, W. C h e m i c a l C o m p a n y ' s Springfield, ASCE awarded him the James Rickey Va. Mass, plant. In addition to employee Medal and in 1955 he received the « ft * communications, Bogan handles com- Alumni Award for D i s t i n g u i s h e d Lawrence Bokor ('59) is working munity relations programs such as Service from his Alma Mater, Michi- with aircraft control and guidance newspaper, radio and television pub- gan State University. systems for Kollsman Institute. His licity, plant tours, public speaking • o o address is 338 Broadway, Monticello, assignments and film showings. Robert Almquist (vv'59) is now New York. » » # working in Marketing Management » « « W. R. "Bill" Monroe ('43) lives at for the Standard Oil Company of Albert Berg ('59) is now a graduate 408 N. Main, Three Rivers, Mich- Ohio. He is living at 2402 Elmwood student in mining and metallurgy at igan. Westlake, Ohio. the University of Wisconsin. He is ft 6 ft • .• « residing at 7522 Woodhaven, Madi- Bruce Wangen ('44) is a civil en- son, Wisconsin. Benton Anderson ('59) is employed gineer in Detroit. He and his wife « « » as an associate engineer and is work- Janey ( H u m p h r e y s ) live at 8635 ing on circuit design for digital com- Harry Bodak ('59) is working for Becker, Allen Park, Mich. General Electric in the area of de- (Continued on Page 56) 54 will be made of the moon and the plan- Since its inception nearly 23 years ago, tier will advance at an accelerated rate. ets and of the vast distances of inter- the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has given The preliminary instrument explora- planetary space; hard and soft landings the free world its first tactical guided mis- tions that have already been made only will be made in preparation for the time sile system, its first earth satellite, and seem to define how much there is yet when man at last sets foot on newworlds. its first lunar probe. to be learned. During the next few years, In this program, the task of JPL is to In the future, underthe direction of the payloads will become larger, trajectories gather new information for a better un- national Aeronautics and Space Admin- will become more precise, and distances derstanding of the World and Universe. istration, pioneering on the space fron- covered will become greater. Inspections GUIDE The greatest number of graduates were in the electrical engineering (Continued from Page 50) group—109, mechanical—103, civil — 6. When a student is invited to 56, agricultural—33, chemical —24, visit an employer's premises at the metallurgical—14, and applied me- employer's expense, he should include chanics—6. on his expense report only those costs Another service of the Placement which pertain to the trip. If he visits Bureau is the Student Employment several employers on the same trip, Division, which provides part-time costs should be prorated among them. jobs through the school year, and full-time summer employment. Last 7. As soon as the student deter- year over 2,500 part-time jobs were mines that he will not accept an offer, listed during the school year, and he should immediately notify the em- 90% of them were filled. More than ployer. 7,500 summer jobs were listed last 8. The student should not con- summer. tinue to present himself for interviews MSU offers its graduating seniors after he has accepted an employment an excellent opportunity to sell their offer. wares. And since it (unlike many 9. Acceptance of an employment other university placement bureaus) offer by the student should be made does not limit the number of inter- in good faith and with the sincere views that a senior may have, an en- intention of honoring his employment gineer can benefit by proper use of commitment. its facilities. 10. The student should keep the Placement Office advised concerning ULTRASONICS his employment negotiations in ac- cordance with the policy of his Place- (Continued from Page 25) ment Office. requires a large deformation of the metals being welded. Ultrasonic seam welding requires no deformation. PLACEMENT A new era in ultrasonics is clearly (Continued from Page 27) on the way, both in the laboratory and on the production line. New de- this time you check in with Mrs. velopments such as the ultrasonic Gecowets, and she affirms your ap- dishwasher and seam welder are just pointment. When the interviewer is a beginning. These developments, ready for you, he will push a button not to mention the ultrasonic dentists which flashes a signal to Mrs. drill, will make life easier and more Gecowets. She will page you over a enjoyable in the years to come. loud speaker. After you go up to her counter, she will tell you the Ultrasonics are finding their place name of your interviewer. Then it's in the medical world. Ultrasonic waves up to you. are being used for knifeless surgery in destroying tumors and curing can- Engineers' average starting salaries cer. Ultrasonics have also been used are the highest of any graduate at for years by the Navy for underwater MSU. Last year electrical engineer- object location, or as it is better ing graduates averaged $537 a month known, sonar. to start. Next highest was mechanical, $513; metallurgical, $509; civil, $503; The applications of ultrasonics are chemical, $483; and a g r i c u l t u r a l , limited only by the boundaries of $467. man's inventive genius. These figures are the average start- ing salaries. The lowest was approxi- ALUMNI NOTES mately $50 less than the average, and (Continued from Page 54) the highest was approximately $50 Thomas H. Mitzelfeld ('47) is a higher than the average. A master's section e n g i n e e r at t h e General degree holder averaged $75 a month Motors Technical Center in Warren, more than a person with a bachelor's Michigan. degree. o between amnesia and magnesia is Was nothing that I ate; I knew it equaled three one four Newton's tenth law-the dimmer that the fellow with amnesia doesn't know where he's going. So I'd leave it on my plate. the porch light the greater the scan- • • • The calculus and algebra dal power. Became my bone and joint; First Drunk: "We're getting close What difference did it really make to town." EE: "What will you have to drink?" If my head came to a point? Second D r u n k : "How do you Date: "I guess I'll have champaign." Then, as it is in every life, know?" EE: "Well, guess again." A kindred soul I spied— First Drunk: "We're hitting more I wooed her with exponents, O O O people." And with fractions she replied. Professor: A fool can ask more • • a Her smile was quite symbolic, questions than a wise man can an- God made a machine, the machine Her figure hyperbolic; swer: made men. Her lips were hysteresis loops, Student: "No wonder so many stu- Doctors, Lawyers, Priests, and then, Her smile was quite symbolic. dents fail your exams." The Devil got in and stripped the Our wedding was a joining • • • gears Of two mathematical wizards. Soph.: "I failed my Physics exam." And turned out the first bunch of We knew all calculations Jr.: "But I thought you had the engineers. From alpha to the izzards. answers written on your cuff." • • • Yet with all this wealth of Soph.: "Yeah, but by mistake I put Two junior EE's had just com- knowledge on my calculus shirt." pleted a stiff Mechanics exam and No matter how we try, 0 tt <* were discussing it. The operation we do best First EE: How far were you from Is just to multiply! Doris: "I can't marry John, father. the right answer on the second prob- 6 O O He's an atheist and doesn't believe lem? there's a Hell." Second EE: Two seats. He: "Whisper those three little Father: "Go ahead and marry him, words that will make me walk on Doris, you'll convince him." 60 Spartan Engineer "PRODUCT PLANNING UNLIMITED" at HAMILTON STANDARD Hamilton Standard has conducted a vast product guidance, mapping, surveillance by orbiting satel- diversification program which has made it a leader lites, etc. in the field of aerospace equipment. SOLAR CELL — A small concave dish-like device with a highly polished surface used to convert the Established skills in . . . energy of the sun's rays into electrical energy. Fluid Dynamics Combustion One potential use is power generation for earth Hydraulics Heat Transfer satellites. Electronics Thermodynamics Metallurgy Astrophysics Other recently designed and developed products Vibration Aerodynamics are: Mechanics Thermoelectricity ANTI-LUNG which reverses the cycle of the • • • are being brought to bear on a varied list of human lung to reconstruct the atmosphere in a new products such as: space vehicle or submarine MinlRcooler — A tiny (10 ounce) device for cool- A REFRIGERATOR with no moving parts ing infrared detection equipment to minus 350°F. The coolers have endless applications in missile A TOOL that slices diamonds like cheese NASA LEADS U.S. VENTURES INTO NASA plans, directs and conducts the Nation's Career Opportunities aeronautical and space activities for peaceful pur- At NASA career opportunities for graduates poses and the benefit of all mankind. with bachelor's or higher degrees are as unlimited NASA's efforts are directed toward discovering as the scope of our organization. Because of our new knowledge about our universe and formu- dynamic growth and diversified operations, ex- lating new concepts of flight within and outside cellent opportunities for personal and professional the earth's atmosphere. Through the application advancement are available for graduates with of the resulting new knowledge and supporting majors in: technology, we will gain a deeper understanding of our earth and nearby space, of the moon, the Engineering: Aeronautical, Mechanical, Electronic, sun and the planets, and ultimately, of inter- Electrical, Chemical, Metallurgical, Ceramic, Civil, planetary space and the distant galaxies. Engineering Mechanics, Engineering Physics Science: Astronautics, Physics, Electronics, Chem- NASA is now engaged in research, development, istry, Metallurgy, Mathematics, Astronomy, Geo- design, and operations in a wide variety of fields, physics including: Spacecraft • Aircraft • Boosters • Payloads For details about career opportunities, write Flight dynamics and mechanics • Aeroelasticity to the Personnel Director of any of the Launching and impact loads • Materials and struc- NASA Research Centers listed below or tures • Heat transfer • Magnetoplasmadynamics contact your Placement Officer. Propulsion and energy systems: nuclear, thermal, electrical, chemical • Launching, tracking, naviga- tion, recovery systems • Instrumentation: electrical, NASA Research Centers and their electronic, mechanical, optical • Life support sys- locations are: tems • Trajectories, orbits, celestial mechanics • Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. Radiation belts • Gravitational fields • Solar and stellar studies • Planetary atmospheres • Lunar • Ames Research Center, Mountain View, Calif. and planetary surfaces • Applications: meteor- • Lewis Research Center, Cleveland 35, Ohio ology, communications, navigation, geodesy. • Flight Research Center, Edwards, Calif. • Goddard Space Flight Center, Washington 25, D.C. METALS...the challenging heart of tomorrow's progress Today the metals industry is poised at the gram second to none in the industry, designed threshold of its most exciting advances. New to give you a broad Company-wide perspective needs for metals yet undreamed of . . . revo- that will aid you materially in selecting your lutionary developments and production tech- permanent assignment. niques . . . new modifications and applications of the basic metals . . . all spell opportunity To maintain its leadership in metals tech- for enterprising young metallurgists and engi- nology, Bridgeport is embarking on a major neers. Now is the ideal time to enter this chal- program of expansion and product diversifi- lenging field, and lay the foundation for a cation that will provide practically unlimited richly rewarding career. opportunities for professional achievement and rewards. To leam what this can mean to your future, ask your placement director for a copy Bridgeport Brass Company offers a uniquely of "Careers in Metals with Bridgeport Brass", thorough and diversified grounding in all as- or write direct to Mr. F. J. Finsinger, 30 Grand Pects of metals from A to Z . . . Aluminum to Street, Bridgeport 2, Conn. Zirconium. Here you will find a training pro- Starting Salaries The Engineers and Scientists of America has conducted a further study of the trends of starting salaries for newly grad- uated engineers. From the data available we have prepared recommended mini- mum starting salaries for various levels of experience and class standing. Copies of this recommended minimum standard have been sent to your Dean of Engineering, Engineering Library, Place- ment Director, and Chairmen of the Student Chapters of the various Tech- nical Societies. We would be happy to send you a com- plimentary copy upon request. Engineers and Scientists of America Munsey Building Washington 4, D. C. Freshmen, sophomores, and juniors are needed to fill vacancies in several editorial positions on the SPARTAN ENGINEER. Training in technical jour- nalism is available to all interested engi- neering students who desire experience in the publication field. Come up and chat with us in Room 346, Student Serv- ices Bldg., any class day. Perhaps you, too, can reap the rewarding benefits of this extra-curricular activity. From drafting board to final assembly... Photography works for the engineer Today Photography has become an accepted, CAREERS WITH KODAK important tool in business and industry. It With photography and photographic processes helps in product design, in engineering and becoming increasingly important in the business and industry of tomorrow, there are new and development, in production, in quality control challenging opportunities at Kodak in research, and in sales. engineering, electronics, design and production. Whatever your work in whateverfield,you If you are looking for such an interesting will find all along the line that photography opportunity, write for information about will provide quicker, more accurate, and more careers with Kodak. Address: Business and economical methods of getting a job done. It Technical Personnel Dept., Eastman Kodak will save you time. It will reduce costs. Company, Rochester 4, N. Y. How Professional Societies Help Develop Young Engineers Q. Mr. Savage, should young engineers Q. What contribution is the young en- courage employees to join pro- join professional engineering socie- gineer expected to make as an ac- fessional societies. Why? Because ties? tive member of technical and pro- General Electric shares in recog- A. By all means. Once engineers fessional societies? nition accorded any of its indi- have graduated from college A. First of all, he should become vidual employees, as well as the they are immediately "on the active in helping promote the common pool of knowledge that outside looking in," so to speak, objectives of a society by prepar- these engineers build up. It can't of a new social circle to which ing and presenting timely, well- help but profit by encouraging they must earn their right to be- conceived technical papers. He such association, which sparks long. Joining a professional or should also become active in and stimulates contributions. technical society represents a organizational administration. Right now, sizeable numbers of good entree. This is self-development at work, General Electric employees, at Q. How do these societies help young for such efforts can enhance the all levels in the Company, belong engineers? personal stature and reputation to engineering societies, hold re- of the individual. And, I might sponsible offices, serve on work- A. The members of these societies add that professional develop- ing committees and handle im- —mature, knowledgeable men— ment is a continuous process, portant assignments. Many are have an obligation to instruct starting prior to entering col- recognized for their outstanding those who follow after them. lege and progressing beyond contributions by honor and Engineers and scientists—as pro- retirement. Professional aspira- medal awards. fessional people—are custodians tions may change but learning of a specialized body or fund of covers a person's entire life span. These general observations em- knowledge to which they have And, of course, there are dues to phasize that General Electric three definite responsibilities. be paid. The amount is grad- does encourage participation. In The first is to generate new uated in terms of professional indication of the importance of knowledge and add to this total stature gained and should al- this view, the Company usually fund. The second is to utilize ways be considered as a personal defrays a portion of the expense this fund of knowledge in service accrued by the men involved in to society. The third is to (each investment in his future. supporting the activities of these this knowledge to others, includ- Q. How do you go about joining pro- various organizations. Remem- ing young engineers. fessional groups? ber, our goal is to see every man A. While still in school, join student advance to the full limit of his Q. Specifically, what benefits accrue chapters of societies right on capabilities. Encouraging him to from belonging to these groups? campus. Once an engineer is out join Professional Societies is one A. There are many. For the young working in industry, he should way to help him do so. engineer, affiliation serves the contact local chapters of techni- Mr. Savage has copies of the booklet practical purpose of exposing his cal and professional societies, or "Your First 5 Years" published by work to appraisal by other scien- find out about them from fellow the Engineers' Council for Profes- tists and engineers. Most impor- engineers. sional Development which you may tant, however, technical societies have for the asking. Simply write to enable young engineers to learn Q. Does General Electric encourage par- of work crucial to their own. ticipation in technical and profes- Mr. C. F. Savage, Section 959-12, These organizations are a prime sional societies? General Electric Co., Schenectady source of ideas — meeting col- 5, N. Y. A. It certainly does. General Elec- leagues and talking with them, tric progress is built upon cre- reading reports, attending meet- ative ideas and innovations. The ings and lectures. And, for the Company goes to great lengths young engineer, recognition of to establish a climate and in- his accomplishments by asso- centive to yield these results. ciates and organizations gener- One way to get ideas is to en- ally heads the list of his aspira- tions. He derives satisfaction from knowing that he has been identified in his field.