UNITED STATES QOLF ASSOCIATION QREEN SECTION O F F I CE S O U T H E A S T E RN Georgia Coastal Piain Experiment Station TIFTON, GEORGIA S O U T H E A S T E RN T U R F L E T T ER B. P. Southeastern Director ROBINSON V o l. 1 No. 2 October 1954 START PREPARING IN TBE FALL FOR TEE SPRING TRANSIT ION For most g o lf clubs p r o d u c t i o n - — t he change-over to summer g r e e n s. Bermuda t r a n s i t i on preparing f a ll f or t he s p r i ng t r a n s i t i o n. Each conversion has is t he p e r e n n i al p e s t. in t he S o u t h e a st t u rf from summer to w i n t er greens and from w i n t er t h e re are two p i v o t al periods of i ts own problems, but t he s p r i ng r y e- E a r ly f a ll time to begin Ilany s u p e r i n t e n d e n ts have observed is t he t h at f e r t i l i z a t i on of Bermuda grass g r e e ns pays dividends next s p r i n g. Bermuda Grass Likes I ts " B e ef S t e a k" to Strange as l i ve and g e n e r a l ly p r e f er animal sources — it may seem, g r a s s es must a l so hove p r o t e i ns A ll of us must consume p r o t e i ns b e ef s t e a k. Unlike you and I, g r a ss cannot choose between p l a nt or animal s o u r c es of p r o t e i n, but must a s s i m i l a te n i t r o g en a re s t o r ed by Bermuda g r a ss as p r o t e in and used t he f o l l o w i ng spring when it b e g i ns growth. Of c o u r s e, in t he s o il L i b e r al e a r ly f a ll a p p l i c a t i o ns of is n e c e s s a ry f or other elements in s u f f i c i e nt q u a n t i t i es to support good growth. i ts own from n i t r o g e n. to be p r e s e nt s u r v i v e. to it - s •• a F a ll A p p l i c a t i o ns of Nitrogen to Bermuda Grass Pay Dividends T e s ts conducted c o o p e r a t i v e ly by the Georgia Highway Department, U. S. Department of A g r i c u l t u re and Georgia C o a s t al P l a in Experiment S t a t i on at T i ft on, Georgia, i n d i c a te i n c r e a s i ng the p r o t e in c o n t e n t. i n c r e a s ed growth and b e t t er performance under adverse growing I n c r e a s ed p r o t e in content of Bermuda rhizomes r e s u l ts t he growth of Bermuda g r a ss can be g r e a t ly i n c r e a s ed by c o n d i t i o n s. t h at in in t he l e a v es of g r a ss g e n e r a l ly means t h at Dark green c o l or an a p p l i c a t i on of n i t r o g e n. is not s t o r ed n i t r o g en a p p l i c a t i o ns must be made w e ll are seeded to a l l ow t he Bermuda time to a b s o r b, a s s i m i l a te and then s t o re n i t r o g en as p r o t e i n. in advance of t he date w i n t er g r a s s es f or spring u s e, however, (below ground s t e m s ). in t he rhizomes P r o t e in which l e a v es but is s t o r ed r e c e i v ed it has in t he Thus, COTTONY BLIGHT DISEASE 0? RYEGRASS In seme c a s e s, complete Many g o lf c l u bs have had s e v e re a t t a c ks of d i s e a se of newly seeded r y e g r a ss g r e e n s. from t he a t t a c k s. A f t er observing d i s e a s ed specimens at T i ft on, s c i e n t i s ts of t he U. S. Department of A g r i c u l t u re and U n i v e r s i ty of Georgia t he d i s e a se as Cottony B l i g ht of Ryegrass caused by Pythium aphaniderr.iaturn, one of t he damping-off organisms. t ed -with high temperatures and humidity. at t e m p e r a t u r es around 7 0° or below. The a t t a c ks have been a s s o c i a- The organism does not seem to be a c t i ve from g o lf c o u r s es and t he e x p e r i m e n t al p l o ts l o ss of r y e g r a ss r e s u l t ed i d e n t i f i ed I d e n t i f i ca t i on of t h e D i s e ase is f i r st r e c o g n i z ed by t he presence of s m a l l, These s p o ts o r i g i n a l ly have the appearance of a dense The d i s e a se in the t u r f. in t he t u r f. As t he d i s e a se p r o g r e s s e s, t he small white spots become more p r o- nounced, t a k i ng on a d e f i n i te though someone had s c a t t e r ed c o t t on over t he a f f e c t ed a r e a s. ance r e s u l ts c o t t o ny appearance with t he t u rf appearing as l i g ht c o l o r e d, a e r i al fungus growth. from t he unusual amount of i r r e g u l ar -white s p o ts The c o t t o ny appear- spiderweb-woven i n f e c t ed l e af blades at f i r st appear s o ft and g r e a sy and mat t o g e t h er when The d i s t u r b e d. A f f e c t ed a r e as r a p i d ly t u rn brown, p r a c t i c a l ly a ll s u s c e p t i b le p l a n ts being k i l l e d. Diseased a r e as may range d i a m e t e r. h e a l t hy on one a f t e r n o on may, under f a v o r a b le c o n d i t i o ns c o m p l e t e ly overrun by the d i s e a se f o l l o w i ng morning. d i s e a se development appears t e m p e r a t u r e s. f or the pathogen, be The e x t r e m e ly r a p id to be favored by periods of high humidity and high in t h at appears p e r f e c t ly The d i s e a se develops very r a p i d l y. A t u rf from a few inches to s e v e r al f e et the Methods of Control t r e a t i ng of r y e g r a ss s e e d, spraying f u n g i c i d es on d i s e a s ed a r e a s, or mixing T e s ts conducted at the Georgia C o a s t al P l a in Experiment S t a t i on t h at chemicals with the s o il were not e f f e c t i ve means f or c o n t r o l l i ng The b e st method of c o n t r ol appeared to be d e l a y i ng t he seeding date u n t il t u r es are bromide per ICO square f e et of s u r f a ce gave good c o n t r ol of the d i s e a s e. t o p d r e s s i ng should remain covered f or at b e st r e s u l ts is applied when temperatures are above 6 5 °. If a l i g h t e r - r a te of methyl bromide is used, l e a st 48 h o u r s. Hethyl bromide g i v es tempera- t o p d r e s s i ng m a t e r i al w i th 3 pounds of methyl ( t o p d r e s s i ng should not be over 2 f e et deep) t he d i s e a s e. low 7 0 * s. l a st year T r e a t i ng i n d i c a te in the if it CONTROL OF WEEDS III PUTTING GREEKS YJeeds may become e s t a b l i s h ed (improper d r a i n a g e, s o i l, mixing e t c . ), use of s o il and weakened t u rf chemicals e t c. from t oo much shade or misuse of w a t e r, Even with one's b e st e f f o r t s, weeds w i ll occur in p u t t i ng greens because of poor i n f e r i or g r a s s e s, f e r t i l i z e r, in t u r f. c o n s t r u c t i on contaminated t a b le is p r e s e n t ed to s u g g e st some of t he chemical methods of is based on t he r e s u l ts of t e s ts The f o l l o w i ng c o n t r ol and P l a in Experiment S t a t i o n, T i f t o n, G e o r g i a, over a p e r i od of y e a r s. s e v e r al m a t e r i a ls may be e f f e c t i ve acquainted with the a p p l i c a t i on, m a t e r i a ls r a t es and response of t u rf g r a s s es important s t ep t he most conducted at the Georgia C o a s t al t h at in a chemical weed c o n t r ol program. f or t he c o n t r ol of a p a r t i c u l ar weed. G e t t i ng iTobe t he to is -H rH O co O ^ tí tí tí P-. rH tí O >; O fP O pP O P, O o Jh , 3 tí • H to tí O p: ^ en o • o 4-3 «H c; o ¿ 4J ^ Jh rO C) rtí O rH ^ I rH Ph »-i o U >5 tí rP TJ O 0Q T? >5 O tí Cj Cj tí CO • «H -P O • Crt Cj SU, (L> Ph CO rH O o .ri rP ÎH O p: O Cj O TJ O O ^ ^ ^ .to g o Ä tí -p 4J o o JJ 5H .tí tí 2 ^ bJD r>i ^ C-Q O rH O •H 43 O rH rH W O Jh (D > tí tí • • tí rQ O CO O « co ^ Sh co tí O co •H O En P £ O TD • tí P-, ,tí •ri »H -H 43 13 tí -P tí CO rO Ä O O í>> O O rH P 'O CQ Ph-—' tí CJ Ph rH rP O tí sf -p O cj O Tj ïh rH r-1 i—4 O O tí W rH o CO P-r O I TD CO tí CO rH £ rH Jh o lo rH err tí • ¡¿¿ o 4j ü"1 co tí O • J n U PH rQ -H fx, O -p CJ -H 4J CO c • O n tí • • U) tí ^ ^ £3 1 CO O O o £ Q tí tí CH rH 4-3 tí • O O í>> O O X -P Sh *rH Jh O .tí Cj -H tí 0) fP EH O «P tí Ph O S rH CH 2 o • o I—I CO -P P-H CO >-5 rH CO P O O tí O 40 tí co ? W 4J a tí •H .H ^ W +) S ü tí rH 'H t-0 f—í O «H TJ tí P-H cH ^ Ph £ O U Or tí PH O PH Îh O ^ Pi ÌòrH X S tí = r-i tí O O .H g -H H O tí 43 cj (¡J Cj Jh U ß 4-> -P d GJ 43 H •H rQ JJ> cu >> >H CJ) ra p-Í o tí h P ^ • >5 CO ö tí .H o • • 4-3 CO rH P . t—1 P CD O CO Oh £ CD LO Jh PhH I tí ,tí cj tí tu': .H tí rQ O CO tJD Q pL< ¡L, O H TJ Û d) tí CH O .p O tí tí TÍ 40 •H CO C^ d ß co O .tí _ - £ tí co xí w d í>s o ' ^ d «H fí C3 Cj -H >•, p TJ Ö CO C3 3 Îh r-í CO £ CO i—i S W) «H LO O o tí ^ Ph >ï Ü TJ Ü co •rt: d d C 4-> O 4J> O O 4J cj ^ O o -L3 Ö CD 41 i .h • - tí O Ph £ O Ph -p ü ¿ tí tí * ü u P o o g i £h co co c; tí PH »H •p O rH 1 4^ ^ tr î U) 4-> Q O £ Cj rO Q w > P co CO cj Pi-— 4.3 0 tí ^ ÎH bû O 0 u W co O tí Î-» tí ÎH s Ph p ¡ CD -P tu ÎH O tí CO CO Ps O tí tí tí tí tí PQ L? O CÍ O «H U tí ^ tí O TU P fí > r» rP O tkÛ CH O r0 O 4-3 tí tí tí n co Q co u •H CO tí Ü •H tí rH tí î> 3 O tí U r4 O If] Jh U tí cj rP ca LO co ¡H O cj co co co P tí rO tí «1 Ph O P tí >5 tí M -P f.q jH| Q î: î: í: ¡S XI 2r t: zz f 1 j: j; S 1 i i ! * t » r-H 1 1 ; j 1 rH O t>3 • rH H. M 1 to O Csl ' to ^ 1 5 ^ 1 5 O • ? —• ~| j j 1 * BUI DO DO O ta • H¡02 H¡02 H¡02 O • C-* 1 1 h "** 1 1 r™ 1 : - 1 í -i j i j I I CM 8 1 co a • rH rH oa oa 0 • C" C" i . C- ! 1 » i i i » í * ! ! i i ! i i ! i j 3 1 H|03 H|03 1 /H O .a .. , .4 rH H¡02 1 to O • to 1 O • H¡ « H¡ « O • 1 I 1 ! 1 i 1 «Ï co r.< t» « è PH H M « co W co ch Q g s C'1 O « & EH P4 o' e Eh o £ o u co ÍH -P 1 IrU ^ ; 0 îh P P-; -P O 0 > "O Ä S -H ; 0 tí O ; rH O -p co ! 'rô j »H O tí tí ÔI3 j: -P Cj O cj >4 o¡ 0 0 o¡ Jh cj >4 S tí| rH •H tí tí o a cj O •H cj 45 r-^ Si -H S •H tJD, P tí ^ C) i O oi ; en tí CO P ?H co •H Ò S «H tí 0 -p O O -P S S? co P rH tí CiH -P -P O O J-H PH 0 p 1—» -p tí c-j tí 0 O co tí co 4-3 co •H Q cj c; W c^ 4-> Ci rP fH •H CO O H» TU 1 O PH PH CVÌ rH ^ cj -H -H h 0 h 0 CH CO P Jh í B ! P T E f f e c t i v e ne ss of the m a t e r i a ls used f or (•water grass")" and spurge ( c a r p et weed or m i lk weed) can be the c o n t r ol of g r a s sy weeds, sedge i n c r e a s ed by: !• Adding t he low v o l a t i le e s t e rs of 2 , 4 -D to sodium a r s e n i t e, potassium cyanate or PICAS spray s o l u t i o n s. 2m Using w e t t i ng a g e n ts in the s p r ay s o l u t i o n. Sm Hatching the f r e q u e n cy between a p p l i c a t i o ns a l l ow weeds to r e c o v er between a p p l i c a t i o n s. - do not 4. Making sure t h at t he c o r r e ct r a t es a re a p p l i e d. dm P s i ng j u st enough water to wet t he p l a n t s. Mechanical c o n t r ol and b i o l o g i c al c o n t r ol of weeds are two methods should not be overlooked. Hand weeding and t ho use of v e r t i c al equipment are t he most use of g r a s s es which, when e s t a b l i s h e d, is a t e ry e f f e c t i ve but o f t en overlooked method of weed c o n t r o l. Grasses have been s e l e c t ed important mechanical methods of weed c o n t r o l. f or t h is b i o l o g i c al t e nd to crowd out u n d e s i r a b le p l a n ts c h a r a c t e r i s t i c. t h at c u t t i ng The FLORIDA TURE CONFERENCE I I I, U. S. Department of A g r i c u l t u r e, Dr. J a ck Harper, s t r u ck t he keynote of t he Second Annual F l o r i da T u rf A s s o c i a t i on Conference held August 3, 4 and 5 when he s t a t ed t h at Dr. Gene N u t t e r, U n i v e r s i ty of F l o r i d a, s t a t ed been d e f i n ed as na d i g n i f i ed method of making people dis s a t i s f i ed with what t h ey h a v e ", p r o g r e ss t h at even though r e s e a r ch has " T u rf management means is c o r r e l a t ed with in t u rf production l i b e r al a p p l i c a t i on of common s e n s e ." r e s e a r c h. HAS YOUR CLUB SUBSCRIBED? The S o u t h e a s t e rn T u r f l e t t er problems and to keep them u p - t o - d a te day v i s i ts f or t h is year a re being to s u b s c r i b i ng USGA clubs completed. We would l i ke v e ry much to work with your c l ub and extend again f or a ll USGA member clubs to s u b s c r i be our S e r v i ce of t he U. S. Golf A s s o c i a t i on Green S e c t i o n. is designed to h e lp g o lf clubs w i th t h e ir f i e ld of t u rf management. in t he in t he Southeast to t he Regional T u rf i n v i t a t i on t u rf C n e - h a lf Southeastern Turfletter U S GA G R E EN S E C T I ON 0# J. Koer Milwaukee Sewerage Commission Box 2079 Milwaukee, 1, W i s. Sec. 34.66, P.L. & R. U. S. POSTAGE l%c PAID TIFTON, GA. Permit No. 46