SchoOl 1101lle-Ol\rd~11 Ctreutar      .N\>, 14.                                          JIlnnll.ry,   .19.17,
                      DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR.
                                    BURI1lAU OF EDUOATION,
             FLOWER            GROWING FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN                           IN THE
                                     ELEMENTARY               GRADES.
    ThiS clrculnr ts inl~Jl(jctl [or tencuers who ure ccndncrtng home-guruen worl\.
 Its purpose       is to show how children em) be tnugbt to nwkG homes ottrncuve
 through the growing of nowers.
                                               OUTTINGS.
    HtJr/)G,t'fJOIiS fllallls,   sud~  (/S yerll1t'f:/II11S fWd. cul'lwtCol18,-TlJc    euutnga should
 be (rom 3 to ,1 inches           long, nn<1 should be selected froru the vigoronsly grow-
 iog side branches cont:nlnlng flower burls. 'fhe cutting Is severed from the
 plnnt bJ' a smooth trorteoctnr cut, made wIth n sharp knife, just below n leaf.
 In herbaceous plants roots develop nt the nodes, rmd nny portion of the stem
 left below this l)(lint is nonrunouonnt unci uecers. '£0 gunrtl ngntnst too mptd
 rrnnsptrntton,       r-emove t.he tower- ICflYe$ close to tile stem nnd eut the upper
 leaves In hnlves. The eutungs S11011ldIJc kept In water unttl they nre placed
 In tile !lilDe!.
    Plnce the cuttings           2 to :J [riches I]PCp, In rows, In flats flned with coarse
$Ilod rree from orgnntc mutter.                 PI'OS!; the sand c:IQSel,Varound them.                Never
 thrust the cuttings into the sand. ']'110 rows should be just rar enough npnrt to
 keep tile cuttings from touching,               As mr ns possible, plant but one \'nrlet~' ot
cutttngs 10 1I (Int. '.rhe snnc shcujd be kent motst, not wet, and the Clltt1l1gS
shndl'<1 (rom the direct fllYS of the sun until n cnJlus Is fQI'IllC(1 find )'oots Sllirted
011 OIICh. when lbey should be trnnsfened                     to smnll POts. The cuttings              grow
 (al'tot If tho.I' :ll'P. PIlt in sl\1ll11 rot~ ot first nnd t!'n.us[crred to ]f11'ger po\:!; flS
the roots beoollJe crowded, insl.en(] o.f beIng put In lnq:;c pots fit the beglnninj';.
A J,:ond pOttl!l~ $011 1$ made llf one-thin] sand, l'lUG·thll'lllcuf             Illold, nnd ooe-third
!;IJl'iICJI.'<oll. (For the mnklng of flfit~,           soo School Elome·Gnrdell Olreulor, No. n.)
    R'Ufl CUIliIlI18.-nO~ll CllttiD~'1'! sllould contnln nb011t (0\11' blldR nnd should
be from 8 to 4 Inches long. They should be selected from wooel thot llJ nearly
matured.        The lower cut ~hou1(1 be marle just under n bnd onO lhe I1nper Cut
just above :\ bUll. tn preparing: cut.tlngs of woody plnu/f.{, the lower cut s}lould
be made Of.{ netlrly l/Ori,zoflla,! fI8 possll)le wlUIOIlL s1111l1lng llle stem.                         1'he
thorns and lower lenves should be removed nnd the upper leaves cut In llalves.
The cuttings shOl1ld be I.cpt In wuter IInll1 they are ploc(.'(1 iu tllC irUJDC to root.
    A frnme 01' jill).' de~II'et1 length nnd brc1ltltll sholiid I>c mnile. It should be
1 foot high and pllleoo over 0 pIt 18 Inches deel). Fill S Inches deep wltli COllI
cinders, 2 Inellf~s with ICflves, und 1 foot with soil mnde of l':!C]ualparts or
CQnr!5eso.nd 0.11(\ good garden soil. PnCl! tlle lloll tllOrouyllty; then add 4 inct1es
of COOtSCsand, nnd wflter well. (For locnt!on nod constrncllon                           of frame, see
So:hool Home-Gnrden Clrenlnr;;, N06, .5 Hlld 0.)
         77848-17


      "l'he cuttings should be nieceo 2 to 3 mcbee deep In fur-rows made III uie
  lIand with a dibble. 'J'he saud should then he pressed Iirmly ubout lheru. Never
   thrust the cuttings Into the sand. The tOWS need to be fur enough upurt to
   prevent the cuttings touching.                The cuttings enoum be shaded In sucb 11. way
   us to Insure ventuaeron. and the son should be kept moist but not wet. The
   following spring, or pos!;Ilbly the snme fnll (depending upon tile time tile cut-
   tings were made), thel' will Heed to be trnnsplnntod to a nursery row, where
   they should remain for aile or two renrs, when the plants will be lurge enough
   to transplant         to permanent places.
      Harrill     ~/lrrlb,~, slfGh II.~ (of/ryt/lilt,  ~lJil'a:ll, grapol1,   aomeooa.   Mflh  bll-Bh cran.
  berry.-The           cutungs        should he from 6 to !) inches long nud shoullJ be se-
  rectec (Tom strong, healthy, mature                   ,,,GOd  of the cwreur year's growth.           'i'he
   lower cut should lie made just under n bud and the upper cut just ucove a bud.
  To prevent drying, the cutunga should be plnnted ns soon us they are made.
  Prepare        the soli thoroughly;           make a v-ennree           treueh 0 to u mcuea ue\;p
  by drIving a spnde turc the soil and rmlling It bnek before lifting It out. Put
  1 to 2 !UClICS of saud In tile bottom of tile trench, nnd place the cllttlngs
  9 inches apart ugutnet the side of tile trench so thnt only tile top one 01' two
  buds of eacu ore atcve uie ground,                   Put 1 to 2 ruches of snnd around the buee
  of the cutttngs : then press the Soli fll'lnl~' about uieui.                      Tile cutttnga should
  be rooted fa a welt-drnlued               eecuc» of a garden where thc~· wm not interfere
  wtui the regular garden cpernuons of the following vcnr. III some locntlons
  a winter protection of leaves or coarse stable mnnure will be needed,                              Over.
  protection        does more harm trmn good, Tho next run the cuttings w111 be
  ready to move to a nursery row, where they should remruu one 01' two years,
  wneu the plants will be Illtge enOllgh to trRusplont t() permanent place!>.
      In sections or the North, where the soil frCC?(!S to n depth oE 6 Inches lind
  over. root the Cuttings by pillelns: them lower end up ill n trench 18 Inches deep,
  Pack SOlid closely around the cuttings and fill the remuln(jcr ot lhe trench wltb
  iOU. Thell mllll.:h with 1 to 2 feet of strow.                    The following spring transfer the
 cuttings to II V-shnped U'ench lIUfI procce<l liS described nbo\'e.
      7'(mc to J'Oot cutliJlgs.----Cuttings           or h(lrbllceous plllUtS CRn 00 rooted nt (lily
  tlme, cuttings of roses from ,TUlle to October, de~ntllDg                      upon lhe locatlon: lind
 cuttlngs of hardy sUruus nny lime from August to the followIng spl'[ng, utter
 the wood hilS motured.
                        l'ofl,\.K'[l',"GAND l'tlA.i'llAGING FLOWER             BOnDERS.
     l'IUll.1t!lly tlw /!(ll'dcr.-ExOOllt        tor sweet pea;" nil flowers needed fur picking
 purpo,5(!:S should be grown In the flower borders [II the back YllrJ. Sweet pM!:!
 should be plnnted in row!; In the I'egetllble garden.                      'rhe 11ll:mcUvel1eSll, ns well
 liS tM usefulness,             of the flower borders depends upon the c1lolce and Ilrrnnge-
Jnent ot !Iowc.rs. The !lOWei'll should be ClLoseo as to lLeIght of plants, color ot
1J1ooms, lInd senson of bloomln!;. The tllllesl plants slJolllti be placed nt the
back 01 the border: tor n border 6 toot wide, llOlle of tile plnnlS need be over
 G feet. Thel'll Ctlll be tI rIOt of colors U Lhe flowers nre ILrrilnged in clumpS of
two to trll'ce thmugbollt the entire lengtll of Ule border und If white flowers nre
'lJ3C(J 'f'r~ely between sbades that clash.                  In II well-p1mmecl tlower border some
flowers should l)e III bloom e\"er~' month during tile growing fsCnSOn, A sur-
prisingly         Inr~e numher ot' indIvidual plants of cach Yarlety will be lleedell.
 During the fll'st yeat' the borders mlly be made most Ilttrttetlve with nlillunls
 1l10ue. Ahel' Ute first ~'enr hardy peroon[:lls might vrt!dOllllnnte, wIth enough
 nnllual flowers to fill up the spaces lIod hide the soli. The following well-tried,
DJd-frtshloned floweI'll will give the best ;,!\tI8fn~t1on.


                                                    3
     il'1Il1H!'/jIO'WC/"R.-Airlclln dlll~·. ngemtuur alsssum, nununl phlox, aster. bar-
sum. calendula, calttopsls, cnndytuft, coruttower. cosmos, custer benne, feathered
cockscomb. rm-kspur, tove-lu-n-mtst, marigold, mignonette. nasturtium,                       petuntn.
 poppy (Shirle~' and ocurorutn vnrtettee) , stock, sweet pen, sunflower (red und
 •• eut-nud-ocme-ngnm        " vnrtettes)    , verbenn,    and   r.11I11In.
    Amml!l -Vill,(lll.-Blillooll vine, cypress       Vine, Jannn     hop. moon flower, Jnpnnese
rooming glory, scm-jet run tier bean.
    Bicmli(lJ,ll.-El1gUsh        dtlls~', \lnns~', fox    gteve. Dnnterbury         beus, hollyhock,
Sweet William, wen flower.
    Ponmnt'als.-Anemonc,             1mI'd)' aster, bleedtng-benrt,         carnation. cbrysantbe-
 mum, columbine, coreopsis, crocus, daffodil, dnultn, delphtntum, gnnlardrn,
glnlliolus, gorrten glow, Iris, Illy, mauow, oncctnt                  POPP.l', pOOtly, I)WOX-,ptnk,
ploty('{)clol1, tulip, acnuroso. sueece dnlsy, sunp urngon, $110W drop, viotet.
     Sec,nin.'! fJlrmU Ullll IJ/lllll-in{J l>ord&l·.$.~·l'J\e IlUl\\HlJ Dowers snontn be
started in nuts In Marcil nnd trnusplnuted                     to tile borders in AprJl, where
they snoutn be nracea rnr enough upnrt. In tile dusters                       to prevent crowding.
Poppies should be ptuuted (Urc<:tly Into the bonier uno tuureeo later, for tlIey
do not transplant        rentlil;,'. 'I'he lew-growing ptnnta used for HLe eugea may nrsc
be plullt(,.'(1 dlrectlj' Into the bot'dCl'S, In order to exteml tile lJowerlng period
late Into the fntl, fnll flower;; shOUld be planted.               COSI110S,feOl'example, mllY be
plnnf«l In July ill the South.               (Fot" Il\l'ectlons for trilnsplflllting,     see SChool
HOllle-Gnruer,l Cil'culo.r, No.6,)
    Sntisfnctory     plnnt.':! of blennlnl nnd per('lllllnl flowers can be grown more
cheuvb' t1lnn tbel' CUll 1Je I)urcba!;ed. 'fhere is also the nU\'(lllttlge of having
tile plunts Oll 1lnnd WhCl) t1Le~'nre neooed. The soods of blennH\1 und perennlill
plants should be plunted In seed boos In the ..p~'lng after danger of frost Is past
nn~ the plnnts trnnsfel're{l to the flower ool'tlers In the fll.\l. lllennlllis need to
be sown ever,\" yenl' to provide flower.!! for the following Yellr, The clumps ot
perelll1ltlls CUll lie ili\'1I1eil to Dluke new plants tQ tilt In the plnees of tbose thflt
die,
    Many desirable bulbs cnn be securell nt !l rcnsonuble prIce If they nrc pur·
chuSC(] In quantities.          Spring tlOWlUillg bUlbs nrc plauted In tlle flllL Summer
flowerlug bulbs lire plnnted In the sprlng,                They Sllould be plnnted to li depth
equll.1 to twice their d1ulllcter.            Like Ule lll:mts, bulbs should be nlflllted in
clusters throughout Ule enUl'e length of lhe border.
    Prcparalio-"fl, 0/ 8011.-To       grow well, ilowers 111;)00 11 tlt>ep, mellow, rich SOli.
In urller to secure t.hese cOll{lltlons tlle soli SllOU11lbe prepared lit l(lost 15 Inches
deep' find Utoroughl~' mixe(] wIllI u I·foot IllYe.l' of well'I'Qtted nWllure or com-
post, The top soH $ll0u1d be made fine nntl Jewel. (For furllier directlone on
prepor.lng the soil, soe School ITome·Gurden Oirculnr, No, 7.)
    0(11'0 of tile lJol'dcr,~UIlUt      tile plants (Ire large enough to shade the soli find
crowd out the wOOtll';, the border S11011ldbe 1100(1just flS the vegetnble gnrth:1Il ii),
In long perilX1s ot {lrOllght the oonler should be wuterell thorollghl~',                    Evening
Is the best time to Wfltel'. An OC(:Mlolllll l1Jor~)Ilgh wnler-Iog does more good
than more frequent            Ilght sprinldlDl;S,     To 1,ecp Lhe llOrders il.ttr/LCtlve there
should tl,lwn,'8 be fI suppl~' of new plflllt!:l to take tbe plnces of tbose that (Ue oml
of [he nnnufils tbf\l lIn.\'e finished blooming.                Ukewise      1111flowers should 1Jf!
picked nl;l SOOIlns t.hey fflde In order to stimulate                furt..\Jer Illoom, tor when Il
f,Iluut prodU~$ se-e<1its duty Is (locoll1\,Jljshoo flud It (Iles, TlJt~ bulbs should be
l'emOI'l'O filter Ute folluge Liles tlOIl'L1,alla \lew Jllllllt$ ~1Jollld he IlIlt In theIr jllnee,
    l~vcry lhree yoors the flower borders should be sjlfidoo, wet! manured, and
replullle<!.


                                                                        4
                               PLANNING Al'D PLANTIXG 1,'nON'!: YAROS.
       'fhe l.hl~·hus passed when !I shrub cnn be rnuuteu nnywhere in the fn:lllt yurtl.
   There Is 11juu-ttcutnr ptuce for till) shrub, or It Is out of pluce. L. H. Blliley
   snvs : .. where to plant Is reunv more turporumt ttmn wbut to plnnt.'
       Aside from ure ever-present                         J1(.~/!Ssll.yor neut nml donn grounds. tne »urucuve-
   ness of uie front ynrd                       II; uepenuent         upon uiree prtnctptea:                 (lJ  "~'ylng"         the
   11011SCdown to the gl'Ol1lJ{! wlth cccnstcnat shrubs and vines su plucen nine they
   will Dot crowd each other l,lIIt will brenk the severe line between tile uouee rind
   the lawn. (2) CIIQoslug and IlrrlUlglng tlJIlSCaln'uba wltll cue. two. 01' three
   kinds as n unste. (3) Leaving the centers in tnwna free of UTIllCClll:lo;llQ' w.uks,
   (11'£\-08,     ptles of stones, or pieces of statuary.
       A home could be attractively                           planted with either of two grcuna of lliallt$-
   tnoee that nre not native and, tueretore,                                  must be purchnsed or grown trom
   cuttings, 011(1 those that are native end easuv evanauie. 'rne unttve plaute nre
   to lie IWefolT(l(1, smec they not only ttecorute the homo but attract the birds by
   provitltug shelter and                    rooo    throughout tho wtuter months.
       1. A suggestive ust ot: tile plants umt are Dot unttve ts gtveu herewith:
       Shrnllll,-Abelh\,                nlthrea. bnrbeny,              deutzlll, forsythia.          h)·{]rllngen. Japallese
   quince, dWUl'r cnonsruus, IilllC, pl'lvet, l'OseS, sDlr~,                                  snowball, S]'1'lngn, wclgel\(l.
       l'iIIGII,-BostQ!\             II')', clelllntls, l~ngljj;;h Ivy, Wistfll"iA, climbing rl')ses, climbing
   euon~'mus.
       H. The following: list does Dot begin lo e~lll\\lst                               tlJe desll'rtble IlaUre plnnts ot
   tile Soulil.            Slmlll1l' lll.ts could be mnde tor other                      sections,        Nnth'e flOl'lt'Sll(Iuld
   he stndit!il         with this purpose III vlcw,
       Shnlb~.-AJw.len, :lrl'(}wwoo(], blnck IUl\\', cOl'ul ueny, dog\I'W(!, eldCl'berry,
   11lgh-iJush crllnlJel'Q', Indigo, Indian cllrnlllt, illlu'el, rhododendron, sweet I<hrull,
  sheep ben)', sweet lleJ1ller bush, wild rose, wltcll-hnzel.
       l'ifICS.-Greenhrll!I",                11011e~·sllckle.lrumpet           ylnc,      Vlrglnln      I.;I'CCllCI', will!  ~l'lIl1C,
  rello\\' je&snl1line,
       'l'r(!68,-DogwoQu,                 llllCkullny, H('.I'cull,ffl dub,          Ill,Illy,   red Ct.'dUI', .':lCI'I·lI..~berry,
   wild cllerr)',           wild crlll), frInge tree,
       '.l'rmis/JluII;U?l(J,-?>!nu:-,            shrubs       1ll'C stunted     hl' clll'cless     plllllting,       The hole In
  which the "hnlu Is 10 lJe pl:leeu 8]lOUld be deep ol1oll:;h so Ulilt gOO(] 10nlll tIlt)y
  be illleci [ll for the new roots t() teed Ilpon nnd UIO shrub plm.:cd llt the slime
  depth it WWi beron". It l>hmlhl nlso be wlde ('llOUglt for the 1'001:$fO be well
  !<prc[l{l out. The slll'tlh should be plHOOfl erect nllrl the soil thorollgltly                                           pu('..kC\1
  urO\ln(l the roots, 'l'Q lJl1l:lIl<:e \!le 10$1:1                     of I'0vt!<, loolf or ~lle hrU]l(.:hi'~ ~llf)llltl be
  I'ClllOI'e<lat Hille of pluuting".
       PI'lmIJlu.-The             1l1l1'1IIJS  '11111  l'illeS u$ed to heHlIt!Jy I lie hOllle S11Qul'[l'eqlllre \'ery
  litlle Clu'e or n\:IClltion othel' I!lHn lim l'f,:Ill()VHl or ollt. den(\, 1)I'(lIWll, or rubbing
  !ln1ncllell,
       ShrUb!! In the lJw;:k )'(1l'(] to lJe used tll:l scroous or to SU1)ply t1/JoOoYCI'S                              ~holllU be
  l!I'uoCi,l ns .folloll's: ::;rWillg flowering ~hI'Hli~, such Ill> f/H's)'tIJ!n. should bQ pruned
  11Il1lledinlely after blooming", SIIUlLller 111111 (ull !lowering slll'ulis, stich :If!, I"o~e!l,
  sbould         M !lC\'erel~' j)nme{11u                 tbe en!'ly spring        ootore the bmhi ollen.
                                                             nEI~l:JnEiNOES.
  United Stlltes.                Oel,nl'IHll;'lIl of .\j:!l·j,;,UHlII'C, nl,.rmcrs'TJullethlll:
           1;)7. The PrO[ll\g:lllon ot 1'Iltnts,
           1.'<1. Prnnlll$t.
          l$!i. Bcnlltlfx1ujl" tbe Home Orollllll!l.
           1H5. Annuul F10werlng Plants,
           41l4 .. T.1l\1'11 l'j()\lfl nnd Lawns,
           700. RI')j;(l!l ror 1.I1eHOUle,
  Mru;n?llle8:             The Gnrdell             l\.JIIJ;;J?hw, f10me nnrl Onr\l{!U.
                                                                    WASHI:l:GTO~:     GO'EII:'<lIIE~T PRINTINC GrrlClI;           1~1'
I