ScHOOL      uc .... : CAUU&lo: CmcVLMI      No. Ui.
                       DEP ARTblENT OF THE llITERIOR.
                        GARDEN PROJECTS IN SEED PLANTiNG.
   Tlils ctrcujur Is i.J.Jtllll(led COl'tencnere wuo nre conducuug nome-garden work.
11.:>J.lurpOaEeIs to untune ieseous 011seeos flint wtll show tne cnnoren ttre ueoea-
sity of n good Heed !)e(J Dud enuble rbern to SO\\·Sl,.WSmere Intelllgeutl)',                Speetal
emphasis should be placct1 on the tumortence <if >::()I){l            se-eds.
   FIRST        rnorecr         HOW DO YOU pr~AN'l' SEEDS?                    The n newer depends
upon n knowledge 01' the following:                 Whitt do seeds need to gE!nolllnte1 How
t1~p lire seeds planted?            A..1'e seeds jnnntect lIle snme In all eouet
   I. What do aood8'wed. /,0 venninatcr
      i\fot.erlIl1 needed Lor u group of rour cunrtren :
          Three S.QUD(.'e wruo-uouured corkerl bottles.
          Beans, pens. Dud corn seers eonkeo 2 uoure.
          Benne.      pens, und corn seeds soaked 24 hOUl'S.
          A. ptece of white cloth 5 by 10 inches.
      Directions for making tile expeetment :
          Let one group of childl'cn use benns, auotner group pelts, and It Ihlrd
      group corn.
          Ptece the seers between me cloth to I'CW(I\·etile "Ull.l111Swater.
          Put In a bottle It few been seals tnnr nave ueen sonkEll'lfor 2 nours. Ooak
          Put In n bottle n rew berm seeds. thut have been eonked tor 24 hours,
      Cork.
          Fill lhe third bottle lhree-f{JurUI6 full of bean seece soaked 24 bows.
      Cork,
          Place th(' bottles In groups In II warm ptaee wH.h tne exception of one set.
      PIIlCl3 tltlll In nil ice bOK.
          In two to three da,\'ll the seerll,l that have been 80uked 24 hours shoultl
      llave spronted III till! hotHes t"'ontl\lnlng onl~' Il few. '.rile eX\)0:rllllent i.\l
      now rl!fldy to be explilinetl.
          Place the bottles ill seti:l $0 1"IleyCUll be ob!:lel'\'oo b~' groups of children.
          Which ~            have SI)rOU(ed '/ Why?
          T..oIWI'1\ lighted    tapel' luto I.lJc boW(JI'; thilt Ilre t:Jlree-fOlirths full ot seeds
      Lo uaslst Ole children In determining why the seeds oW not !;PI'Ollt,
         To oJetertlJine the 1ll"eB'ence of cl1t\}Qn diOXide. lllll(~ (l slllllli \'Inl contilin·
      lug llt\Jewlltel'lll n boWe lliree·toul'lhs         (ull of bellll !:leeds. Cork tlle bottle
      nlld put i.t In (l \l'lIl'Iil pille(!. In a few 1101\I'ilthe lImewilter will have I-l
      milky oppel1rttn(.'e, ludlllUtlng tlle preSCllt:e ,of ClIrbcn dIoxide.           Let chlldrell
      breuthe Into test t\lbes \:ontalnlng ltmewnter,
         Where iloes the eurbon dlo.x:ltle COme from?
      The e:qtel'lmeot 8110uhl i1hlstrnte these filets:
             ~ls       llood to l)e thoroughly SOllketl to germinllLe.
             The,\" need l'\ ~~rtillll umount or nil' nnd heat,
         ,.(118-17


   Material        needed     [01' ,1 group of ~u\lr cnndreu:
          Beaus, peas.         llnd CQI'n seeds son ked 241lours.
          One tUlllhlel"        of moist garden soil.
          One tumbler           or  (Jry garden soiL
          On", tumbler          of Iluddle<1 ctuv.
   mrecuous ror mnktng tile experiment:
      Plnnt 1 inch elroD, in n tumhler                           of moist     garden soil,        three beaus Lhut
   nave been lloukO<l 'for 24 houl's.
      Plnnt]        Inch   ueen,     In n tumbler             of lin' garden soli, curr.se uenus tnnt huve
   been son ked for 24 hours.
      Pll'1I1t 1 Inch deep, In !1, tumbler                       Of pUddled Cltly, three           beans tuut       IUIVe
   been "o:ll,ed 24 hours.
      Dover tne son           in   the tumblera With pepei-.
      I.el ure OtlW,!I'groups of cllil\lren                     plAnt reus (11' com.
       PJllnt    II,c pens     J!   Inches        rteeu    nnd the corn 2 Inches deep.
       Ptnce the tumblers 10 groups tn :1 war-m niece wlfb                                   me excepttou        of one
   set.     Ptnce one set III an Ice cox.
      In three to tour IIll)"S the ~fl., plnnterl in thu tumblers                                 conuuntng        nUlls!
   garden 60LJ should have sprouted.
      'rnc espertrncut            I~now l'cutl,>' to be e;qJlulned.
      I'Iace the tumblers              tn sets so they can be seen h,\' groupe of children.
      Wby have [he S\..,<;!JS            snrcutect in the morse garden soil?
      What eoutuuon for gnrmjuntton                             wna lucking In the dl')" garden soli?                  111
   tne pudtlled Clliy? 1n tile soil in the ice box?
      The experiment should lIIusu'llle                          this fllet:
             Seclls     0\.._1 to b(> planted                in   It  fine,  warm,      moiSt    1lOi1 to germlnllte
          {[ukkly.
       (Wor llU:IIl1:; of lIIuJdng             tile soil flue, WOI'Ill, lUll.! moist,            see School "Bome-
   Gll.nlcn Olrcular,           No.1.)
      Question;         DO all       see<ls need             the     SUlHC del,,"l'ee of     SOil tenmerntUl'e          to
   germinate?
             GI'ouD gnl'(lel.l veget(lhle seeds as {ollows:                        'l'hose thnt enn be plnutlld
          In Ule e,n'I,r 'lpl'log soil; those I-hnt cun be pll1nted In middle l;prlnJ;
          soU; [Iud those thue Ileeu the wurm summer soil.
fl. Bow ,leeTI U1'6 8c~:d8 /1!,llllc/i.'1
      Mater]111 needed for II group of four chl1dren:
             Four tumblers.
             One SllUl,.'er of rmllsll seed (01' till)' lillian s~),
             Olle llllU,"Cl' of lJelll1S, sonker:l lor 2" Iloul"s,
             One slIucer (jf pens, s(,mked ,for 24 hours,
             One Sllucer or COl'Il, sOnked lor 24 hour.'{,
             One 1111311    of moist' gurr!ell soil.
             ~ou.r tJu 1)l\llellpOOIl$.
      DlrtlCLIODS fOr !lInking the experiment:
             Let     olle child         pillut      hellllll,     another     peas,     nllother     tel'll.  IUl(l   the
          fourth      radish.
             Put. 2 tn\llmij}()Qllfuls          of 1j1l11tn the bottom of Ihe tumbler.                 Press lhe soiL
             Plnt-e tl beun Ilgilillst lhe !Oleleof a tumbler !SO thnt germhl>\tlon                             cnll lie
          watched.                                                    ,
             Put two tuble!lpOOofuls of lloll in the tumbler.                              Press the 0011.
             1')l1re IInotllPr        lli"1ll :1~lh1.'i( thl' !OI/Il' of ttlC tlllllhlo'l'           11 1!tlh.' 1(\ Lile
          rlg111 of Ihl' MhN ~1.


                                                       3
             Hepeut       ulIUI  the  t\l111bf('1' Is fu.!1 of seerl" plnured         111U sptrul    fashion.
        onrc should be tuken runt the seeds ILl'C!lot nlunted 011tou of eucn
        oUle!"
            001"<:1' Lh" ::>011III the tumbler wft1l paper.
            Put the tumblers In n wnrm nince.
            In rour to five dllYS me             seers     \\·11t llfl\"C sprouted      lind Wille of Weill
        renehed the eurrace.
            Now place Hie tumblers                 III sets ~() tbe~' can be seen b)' gTOUJ)Sof
       children.
            Wll~' enu L"OI'IIbe pltlnll)(l deeper man pens?
            Wily can pens be planted deeper tjmn ueenat
           How deep S110uld rndli;h seeds be 1J1unted~ W!l~'~
   '.rhe eXjlerlmeut            suoufrj ruuatr.ne ruose ructs :
           't'lle depth to plnnr. B(;e(I",crepemts upon the 11llllllel'!;of the sol! pnr-
       tlcles, tile nmount of molslurc.                (tll([ the rempemuu-e of            rue sctj.
            Smull seeds SllQul(1 be plnuted nuoue i lnuh deep. They should be
       planted        somewhat       fhickl;.'. it, ,.,.der \1)((\ the !'t,1'ltllgtll of «u 11'111enutae
       the tender plnlltlets            L" reucf the surrnee.
           r.urge aoeds fil'Clllhlllte/J lit nll'~'illg: dentus.            depeudilljl:    on whether- 11I~
       fool Is stored tu the endosper-m or In rue seed leaves, nnd whether Llll!
       see<.! Il'llives lu'e 1)l'vught 1IlH'VI;! the .'lUl'OIt:e 1)1'left ill the .'loll. Corn, In
       which Ille food lij llt<JretI In the en(l{l~J}CI'lIl, Ullll' I)e planted 4 In~lles
       diM!il. Peas, In \\'hl<:l) tiJe foor! Is MOl'ell ill lIw ~t'eU tellves thnt nrc teft
       In the .'loll, mn~' be l)lfll.lte<] 2 illthl!S lU 3 Indies deeD, Benne, hI whj~h
       the foo(1 Is stol'el:1 In the l",nH>$ tlll1t nre !JI'i)ugllt ullO\'e tile ;;lll·rnCe.
       gh(l\lld be t)l,\uted 1 luch 10 H Inche:s deel); {llhendsfJ Ule seed tem'es
       \\'111 b(' toru ore wlllle cOlllh,g tlll'Ollfjll the soli :1m1 the Dlllllt will be
       St\lllleU,
   To show the illlIJClI'lul'lCeor tile 11l11tel'lnl>lstored in lile ,,~L!s, make the
following expel'luHllIt.~:
           Jl,IntCrlul needal'l for II l,rrOUjl of fUlll' chHdr411:
                  'J'llree 8-ouuce       wl(le-moullJe{j      bottlC!; .~evell-eight.b/:l lull    of W(HIlr.
                  'l'hl'<!{! JI!ecel or fl.1}!lol'bcllt COt.lOIl.
                  Two COI'Il I)hlllh oj (1f1~'80111.                                                          \
                  Two pen pllllll1l 4- (Inys \)1<1.
                  Two bellJl Illnnts '1 an~'s oM,
          Dil'l!ctlon~ fot' mil.kllJg the cxpeJ'i'IlCllt:
                  I"et one child       In erich !;TOllj) l1SI;'COl'll, HlHlthel' l)l'tlS, I1nd ll. third
              hellll~,
                   Helllove the (,nc1M;I)l!l'U1frOm oue of tile COl'll lJlnllts.
                  Wi'll]) tile tWI,l    (,'orn plallts ill I1b!:lol'bent cotton,
                  Phlce the pl1ll1ts ;n tile U\!ttle of \\lute!' so thfll the roots are In
              wllter.
                  Remove tile ;;eeo:l lefl\'e$ fl'(HII oue ~)r the f.)eu f,flunts,
                  Wrnp th(ljX!O. phmts ill 111}SVl'UCllt<.'OtlOll,
                  I:'lnoo the plants [n Ille ltvttle, so t,lull the l'ootS !Ire 1n "!"ltel',
                 'J'l'el1t the belHl I,[J\Ills tllli! $nmlil no; the pella
                  PI(lce the bott:h~ij in ,.\ wnrm, 1'!IlIJll~' pluee.
          In three or fou~ (1u~'s the l)CI'Fett nlnnts                     should     11I\re grQWl! more
      thai] the other plUllts,
          Now pln('e the holtles              In se/s so thnt         they Cfln IJe seen by grollD8 of
      clliWreu,


                                                     4
            Wb/lt does 11seed contain?
            How much 1ll1ltel'InJ Is stored tn till! eeed?
            whnt kind of material 1Jl erorecrt
            How CUll the ptant metra use of uie materlnly
      'rne exnerunect euoure illustrate uiese recta:
            The seed contama an embl'yO ])111I1tand enough ruurenut to supply
         Crowth until the plant ceeomea well establtshed ill the soli.
            Durtug germtnntjon these mnteetats, such as minerals, fats, proteins,
         and sugars are ctmuged into more simple products wutcn ura carrteu
         through     the plant and used in growth.
  SECOND PROJECT:              HOW OAN YOU TELl, GOOD S1;JEDS1 The answer
depends U[IOU II knowledge          of the following:              What Is tbe germinating      test?
How carefully      were the seeds selected?
    What i8 the IlCrm.ilWli1l{j       resl.r
         Mnterllll needed:
                   Two plates.
                   One niece of cloth H I)r 9 tucnes.
                   SCMIS.
         Dtrecrtons      for making the test;
                   Moisten    the cloth.
                   SP1'C,l(J one-hal!' the cloth III the center or tue phl(\"
                   Place 100 small      seed~ 011the moist cloth.
                   Cover with the      other half of the C1Qth.
                   Cover all with     the ceuer plate,
                   Put In a warm       plnce.
                   Keep ctcni moist, but not wet.
                   Let the chlldren test different vegetable seens. Iu testing seeds,
                lise tile following quanttttes : 100 for nil smun seeds; 50 tor- all
                large eeeee escenr 25 ench for pens and beaus; apeclul method iii
                required tOI' testing beet "bnns," encn or which lllar ccomm n-om
                cue to seven $00(113,
             In three      to nyC days        1l)nn~'    ot  tilt!   veueues  of seeds will     hnve
         sprouted.
            Now niece       the plate$ where         tne eluhlren can usc them.
             Compn.re the size aud strength              of the pll\ntletll ot seeue of     the same
         vartettes.
             Count the number of seers that 11uVegerminated
            Oalculnte     uie percclltnge of good seeds.
      Tile e..yperlmeot should !Jlustfllte theae fnets:
             Some lJOOI.1s germinate         quicker aod pr('j(luec etrong(~l' pl:l1ltlets than
         other secUs of the sallie             \"Ilrieties.      SUch seeds wlll pl'otIuce better
         plllnts.
            Tile tests should ngree wIth the f:ltlUltlarlls Of b'errulnation.                   WIth
         beans, cnbboge, mustOI'd. pelts, nu(\ rudlJlh from 90-95 should germinate
         out of every ]00.          Corn, cucumber, lettuce, melon, PUlIlllkln. SllUUsh,
         'HIli tomfltv. fr'DIll Sfj.-OO. enl'''''\, Vkl'll, ()l1llttl, IlCl)]'~I", J<llinllch, 80-85 .
         .EggjJlant (luI.! sulsl!)', 75-80,             Par;;ler nn(l p(lf,mlJ),    7Q-.75. Oelery,
         ~.
             8eetJs may be too old to gel'minute.                   Lettuce seetJs etln be kCjlt fOI'
         tour yeal's nud sUIl germinnte               while onion sC«ls call llot be ke))t more
         thlln oue year.
            '.rhe $l!ed CI"OPnUl)' IUL~'egrown under lm~ilVor(lble               COnditions.
            Tile seeds may 1I0t h,lve been fJrOllerl~' CIll'e<.l.


                                               5
               The~' may not have been properly stored.
               Infected seeds lIhould not be planted-tor          example, pea seeds Iu-
            rectec with weevne. and bean seeds Infected with anthracnose .
               .Attar the seeds are tested, do not throw them away, but allow the
            ptanta to continue growing by removing the top plate nnd cover M
            ctotu and keeping the plants well watered. They will gruw tor several
            weeks from the material stored In the plant.
   Seeds should be produced from carefully selected seed pjunte tbat should be
given special attention nnd provided with all eouutuons mvornbte for a coo-
tlnuous hcnltll}' growtb.        These plants auouto he grown far jlWRY ,('row other
vartetiee of inferior quulftles to Insure against cross pollination.
   'Ehreugh the Stnte Agrh,'ulturfll Bxperlment Station, the names ot the lead-
ing eceu firms of the State may be secured.
   zmnn         PHo;mCT:      \\~E.A'r WILT. BE TKE OOST OF '1'HE1VEOETAllLIll
SEEms       NIUl~DlilD'1'0 PT,AXT A GARDEN 20 BY 20 FEET IF IN'l'ElNSIVE
GAUDJDNlNG 115 TO HI!: PHAO'NCED FOR 12 1\lONTHS?
   The answer depends upon n knowledge of the following: What vegetllbleil ere
to be plflute<l1 Bow manx rows of eucu wlll be needed to supply the fllmlly1
How tunny plnnrtnes are to oe matle? HoI\' roucu seee Is needed tor 20 feet
of: drill? A ptan should be drawn tOl' each season's planting,
                                       llEFERENCES.
[lulted States.       Department of AgrIculture,      Testing flll'lll seeds In howe ami
      rUI"i11 scnooi.    (Farmer's Bulletin. No, 428.)
United amree.         Deportment    of Agt'Icultnre.  See..! testing laboratorv.   oeruu-
      nntlng tests tor "eg(ltilble seeds.
                                            nOOKS.
Good,rich, Cbarles.         First book In farmIng.       N(lW York, Doubleday,       Pnge
      & Co.
Lloyd, John W. t'ecrtucuve vegetable growing. Phllndelphia, Llpplncott & Co.
watts, Rnlplt L. vegetabte gnrdening,             New York, Ornuge-Judd.