T h e S t a le N e w s B i-w e e k ly M a g a z in e T h u rsd a y , J a n u a ry 18, 1968 2 Michigan State News, E a st Lansing, Michigan 3 1 . 1 8 - J a n . E v e n ts of C a le n d a r Thursday, January 18, 1968 3 Buildings w e’ve got; but Sporty is art? B y J IM Y O U S L IN G H e r e th e y a r e , la d le s a n d ge ntlem e n: M S U 's c o n tr ib u t io n s to th e f in e a r t s . F i r s t w e h a v e " S p a r t y , " the S p i r i t o f M S U t ra p p e d in s id e a m a s t e r p ie c e r e m in is c e n t o f o u r A u d it o r iu m W P A m u r a l— a C e c i l B . D e M l I l e g o d m o d e s t ly a tt ir e d in b a g g y t r o u s e r s , a c r o s s betw een R o d in a n d G r a n t W o o d . N e x t th e re I s a p le a s a n t w o r k w h ic h i s a b ­ s t r a c t en ough to be a r t y , but no t too a b s t r a c t to offend a n y o n e ( a s C h ic a g o ’ s 5 - s t o r y P i c a s s o d o e s ). O n c e t h e r e w e re a p a i r o f t h e m , but d u r in g the d e m o litio n o f th e o ld band s h e ll, the c r e w In a d v e rte n tly b a sh e d the s e c o n d o n e to s m it h e r e e n s . W e a r e fo rtu n a te that t h is on e W H ERE AM I? An a b s t r a cte d w om an, w a s s a f e ly re m o v e d to It s p r e s e n t h o m e , the e x ile d to th e " M u e le B u ild in g . M u s i c B u ild in g , b e fo r e the c o n s tru c tio n , p e o p le c o u ld b u ild B e s s e y H a l l a top it. A n Ir r e p l a c e ­ a b le t r e a s u r e . F i n a l ly , w e h a v e a n u lt r a - m o d e r n w o r k (N o P h o t o * b y B o b Iv in s s q u a r e s , w e l) w h ic h i s g r a c e f u lly p e r c h e d up on a p ile o f c e m e n t b lo c k s in fro n t o f th e C y c lo ­ t r o n B u ild in g . O n e s u s p e c t s th a t It I s title d s o m e t h in g a p p r o p r ia t e lik e " M a n ’ s Q u e s t F o r i T ru th On a P ile o f C e m e n t” o r ’ ’C y c lo t r o n , A b s t r a c t io n N o . L ” A n d t h a t 's it . O u t s id e o f K r e s g e A r t C e n t e r , t h e s e th re e sta tu e s a r e M S U 's Id e a o f b e a u ty . O u r a r c h it e c t u r e r u n s f r o m th e b a n a lity o f M o r r i l l H a l l to t h e s t e r ilit y o f W e lls . Our s to c k o f m u r a ls a n d p a in t in g s extend v e r y lit t le b e yo n d t h o s e z o d ia c t h in g s o n the B r o d y G ro u p a n d d ie "a u t h e n t ic r e p r o d u c t io n s '* o f R e n o i r a n d o t h e r s w h ic h a r e sp e w e d t h ro u g h th e U n io n . O t h e r p o in t s o f In t e r e s t in c lu d e th e L e v i R . T a ft R o c k (a t the H a s le t t E n t r a n c e t r ia n g le ) a n d the stu ffe d p o la r b e a r In th e N a t u r a l R e s o u r c e s f o y e r . So m e h o w , m a n y p e o p le h a v e gotte n th e Im p r e s ­ s io n that w e h a v e a b e a u tifu l c a m p u s . W e m u s t o w e t h is h o n o r t o ta lly to o u r la n d s c a p e a r t i s t s , o u r e s tim a te d 5 5 m ill i o n w o r th o f t r e e s (e a c h w ith i t s v e r y ow n la b e ll), d ie R e d C e d a r S e w a g e S y s t e m , o u r w in d in g s t r e e t s , a n d a h o a r d o f d u cks. A l l to ta lle d u p , they c r e a te a p re tty W H AT AM I? A c o n te m p o ra ry w o rk, n ic e p la c e In w h ic h to liv e . d u m p e d o n a m a s s -p r o d u c e d p e d e s t a l. B u t b o w m u c h lo n g e r c a n w e p lo p o u r m a s s - p ro d u c e d s k y s c r a p e r s a m o n g the n a t u ra l beauty, e x p e c tin g th e s lo w - g r o w in g ’ t r e e s a n d Iv y to c o n c e a l t h e ir u g l i n e s s ? M S U n e e d s to u t iliz e not o n ly It s f o r e s t r y e x p e r t s , but it s p a in t e r s a n d s c u lp t o r s a s w e ll, to s a y n o th in g o f the n e ed f o r s o m e a r c h it e c t s w h o a r e p o e tic a s w e ll a s fu n c tio n a l. E v e n if It d o e s c o s t m o r e . B r itis h a rt A lth o u g h K r e s g e h a s s o m e q u a lity w o r k , o n ly the a r t m a j o r s e v e r s e e it. C e r t a in ly M S U I s a tig h tly -b u d g e te d In stitu te o f le a r n in g : but j u s t a s c e r t a in ly It c a n ju s t if y s u p p o r tin g its o w n a r t i s t s b y b u y in g t h e ir w o r k a n d s p r e a d in g in D e tr o it It a ro u n d d ie c a m p u s a m o n g d ie g a r d e n s , t r e e s , a n d s o - c a ll e d b u ild in g s . Sp a rty d e se rv e s a "R o m a n t ic A r t In B r it a in : P a in t in g s a n d b e tte r e m b o d y m e n t, sta tu e s n e e d n 't b e c l u m s i ly D r a w in g s , 1760-1860,” th e b ig g e s t a r t exh ib itio n d e s t r o y e d , a nd a r t d e s e r v e s a lit t le m o r e r e s p e c t th a n a p e d e st a l o f c e m e n t b lo c k s . It m ig h t c h e e r W HO A M I? The s p ir it of M SU, o f the new y e a r , i s no w in p r o g r e s s a t d ie D e t r o it u p a l l u p a lit tle . u n a ffe c te d b y the w e a t h e r o r p r o g r e s s . In s t itu te o f A r t s . T h e sh o w , w h ic h open ed J a n . 9, w i l l e xte n d th ro u g h F e b . 18. T h e e x h ib itio n c o n s i s t s o f 2 3 6 w o r k s b y B r it is h a r t i s t s o f the R o m a n t ic E r a . A lth o u g h the sh o w in c lu d e s th e w o r k s o f m a s t e r s s u c h a s G a in s ­ b o r o u g h , R e y n o ld s , C o n s t a b le , T u r n e r a n d B la k e , A B O U T M IK E It f o c u s e s a ttention o n a r t i s t s no t p r e v io u s ly . . . W hy T h * s h o w n In the U .S. R e f le c t in g the im p o r ta n c e o f i t s s c h o la r ly p r e m ­ i s e — the r e -e v a lu a t io n o f B r i t i s h a r t i s t s In r e la t io n to the m o d e r n a r t e x p lo s io n s o f th e 19th U N IS P H E R E ® c e n t u r y — the e x h ib itio n I s u n d e r the o f f ic ia l Is T h e O ffic ia l p a tro n a g e o f Q u e e n E liz a b e t h I I a n d P r e s id e n t M ic ro p h o n e O f Joh n so n . H e rm a n 's H e rm its A c c o r d in g to W i l l i s F . W o o d s, d ir e c t o r o f the On Tour D e t r o it In s t itu te o f A r t s , a n d D r . E v a n s H . T u r n e r , d ir e c t o r o f the P h ila d e lp h ia M u s e u m o f ,krt, Herman knows his micro­ the c o lle c t io n c o n s tit u t e s " t h e m o s t Im p o r ta n t a n d phone is his link with his audience. He wants you to o r ig i n a l e x h ib itio n o f B r i t i s h a r t e v e r sh o w n hear his voice and the lyr­ h e r e o r a b ro a d .” ics, naturally, without A s i d e f r o m c o n tr ib u t io n s f r o m E n g la n d ’ s g r e a t - howling feed b ack, without e s t a r t g a lle r ie s , h e u n p re ce d e n te d d is p la y i n ­ annoying close-up breath c lu d e s lo a n s f r o m th e R o y a l C o lle c t io n a n d p r iv a t e "pop”, without audience sounds. Pretty tough test o w n e r s s u c h a s the D u k e o f N o r th u m b e rla n d . for a microphone . . . rou­ T h e d is p la y , w h ic h h a s ta k e n t h re e y e a r s to tine for the incomparable p r e p a r e , w i l l r e - o p e n I n P h ila d e lp h ia o n M a r c h Shure U n isp h e re . Just ask 14. D u r i n g th e D e t ro it s h o w in g t h e r e w i l l h e a the better g ro u p s. g e n e r a l a d m is s i o n c h a r g e o f $1. Stu d e n ts w i l l b e Shun Brothers, Inc. a d m itte d f o r 2 5 c e n t s . F o r t h o s e e s p e c ia lly 2 2 2 H a rtle y Ave. In t e r e s te d , the In s t itu te w i l l p r o v id e s p e c ia l E van ston , III. 6 0 2 0 4 t ^ u r s a n d fe a tu re r e la t e d le c t u r e s a n d f i l m s . © 1967 Shure Brothers. Inc 4 Michigan State News, E a s t Lansing, Michigan Vietnam before the West By LAW REN CE B A T T IS T IN I C o p y r ig h t 1968 L a w re n c e H. B a t t îs t ln î, p ro fe sso r of s o c ia l s c ie n c e at V ie t n a m i s p e r t o f a n a r e a i n S o u th e a st A s la w h ic h qp to a n d s h o r t l y a ft e r W o r ld W a r I I M S U w a s e d u c a t e d a t B r o w n U n i v e r s i t y a rq j T r i n i t y C o l l e g e . # a s c o m m o n ly k n o w n I n th e W e s t a s F r e n c h In d o ­ H e r e c e iv e d h is P h .D . at Y a le . S p e c ia liz in g W U .S . fo re ig n c h in a . T h e r e g io n to d a y la m a d e 19 flt V ie tn a m . r e la t io n s , w it h an e m p h a s is on U .S .—A s la n a ffa ir s , he Is the a n d L a o s . A b o u t 7 0 p e r ce n t o f the a u th o r of s ix books In t h is a re a . H is e x p e rie n c e in c lu d e s p op u la tio n o f the In d o c h in a a r e a c o n s is t s o f fo u r y e a rs as p ro fe sso r of h is t o r y at S o p h ia U n iv e r s it y V ie t n a m e s e , w h o a r e co n c e n tra te d In preeen t- In Tokyo; e x t e n s iv e tra ve l in E u ro p e and A s ia ; and s e r v ic e d a y V ie t n a m , w h ic h w h e n w d e r French c o n t r o l a s a n i n t e l l i g e n c e o f f i c e r d u r i n g W o r l d W a r I I. o f the t h r e e a d m in is t r a t iv e r e g io n s o f In an e ffo rt to s t im u la t e in fo r m e d d e b a te on U .S . in v o lv e ­ C o c h in - C h in a , A n n a m a n d T o n k in . C u l t u r a l ly t .u « t V ie t n a m e s e a r e lin k e d to th e C h in e s e , w h e r e - m ent in S o u t h e a s t A s ia , C o lla g e h a s a sk e d P r o f e s s o r B a t t ls - a s th e * > « * ■ < « « « a n d L a o t ia n s a r e c l o s e r c u l­ t ln i to w r i t e a s e r i e s o f f iv e a r t ic le s o n t h e h is t o r y o f t u r a ll y to d ie T h a is , th e B u r m e s e a n d d ie In d ia n s . V ie t n a m a nd W e s t e r n p o w e r th e re , d r a w in g f r o m th e m a n u ­ V ie t n a m I s to d a y a c o u n t r y a r t i f i c i a l l y d iv id e d s c rip t o f h is new book. In t h e c o m in g w e e k s, th e se a r t ic le s a t a p p r o x im a t e ly the se v e n te e n th p a r a l l e L T h i s w ill cover th e Fre n ch co n q u e st and lo s s o f V ie t n a m , U .S . p a r t it io n to o k p la c e a t G e n e v a I n 1954. C o m m u n is t d is p la c e m e n t of Fran ce , U .S . e s c a la t io n of th e w a r, and N o r t h V ie t n a m h a s a n a r e a o f s o m e 6 2 ,0 0 0 s q u a r e f in a lly a c o n c lu d in g e v a lu a t io n o f th e V ie t n a m is s u e . m i l e s a n d a p o p u la tio n e st im a t e d I n 1962 at 16 ,2 00,00 0. So u th V ie tn a m , a s d e m a rc a te d b y th e G e n e v a A g re e m e n t s / I s 6 5 ,0 0 0 s q u a r e m ile s , a n d h a s s s lig h t ly s m a l l e r p o p u la tio n , e s tim a te d a t 15,317.000 I n 1963. T h e tota l a r e a o f a ll r e m a in in g In so u t h e rn C h in a w e r e c o n q u e re d by p ir a t io n o f the A n n a m e s e to b e f r e e o f f o r e i g i V ie t n a m , then. I s 127,000 s q u a r e m ile s , m a k in g th e p o w e rfu l C h ’ln e m p e r o r 01 C h in a . S h lh H u a n g d o m in a tio n , n o m a tt e r I t s b e n e fits. it c o n s id e r a b ly l a r g e r th a n Ita ly , a n d I t s total T i , about 221 B . C . W it h in t h re e y e a r s t h is T a k in g a d va n ta g e o f th e a n a r c h y p r e v a ilin g lr p o p u la tio n , e stim a te d at 31,517,000 i n 1963, I s about e x p a n s io n is t e m p e r o r b ro u g h t u n d e r h is c o n tro l C h in a a ft e r the f a ll o f the o n c e re sp le n d e n t th e s a m e a s S p a in . th e lit t le A n n a m e s e k in g d o m w h ic h then extended T a n g d y n a s ty i n 9 0 7 , a N g o Q u y e n he ad e d a r T h e V ie t n a m e s e p e o p le o f to d a y a r e a m o n g a s f a r s o u t h a s H u e . A d e c a d e la te r. In 2 0 8 B .C ., in s u r r e c t io n w h ic h I n 9 3 9 s u c c e e d e d i n e x p e llin g t h . m o s t h o m o g e n e o u s o f A sia . T h e m a in s t r e a m th e r e b e llio u s C h in e s e g e n e r a l C h a o T o e s ­ the C h in e s e , a n d e s t a b lis h e d a n Independent o f the p r e s e n t - d a y ’V ie t n a m e s e , o r ig in a lly lo c a te d t a b lis h e d a n inde pen dent k in g d o m that e m b ra c e d A n n a m e s e k in g d o m . D u r i n g the n e xt f o u r and I n s o u t h e r n C h in a , m ig r a t e d In to n o r t h e r n V ie t ­ th e p re s e n t C h in e s e p r o v in c e s o f K u a n gtu n g, a h a lf c e n t u r ie s A n n a m w a s g o v e r n e d b y fiv e n a m s e v e r a l c e n t u r ie s b e fo r e C h r i s t a s s r e s u lt K l a n g s i a n d A n n a m , w it h it s c a p ita l at C a n to n . n a t iv e d y n a s t ie s . E a c h o f t h e s e d y n a s t ie s u ti­ r f the p r e s s u r e o f the s o u t h w a r d - m o v in g C h in e s e . T h i s k in g d o m , k n o w n a s the N a n Y u e h o r N a m liz e d C h in e s e p o lit ic a l in s t it u t io n s a n d n o r m s of j iw» o t h e r e x p a n siv e p e o p le o f h is t o r y , th e s e V ie t (S o u th e rn V ie t) e n d u re d f o r n e a r ly a ce n­ g o v e r n m e n t . D e s p it e th e e x p u ls io n o f th e C h in e s e , V ie t n a m e s e g r a d u a lly e x t e n d e d t h e ir d o m a in t u r y , u n til 111 B . C . I n that y e a r It w a s co n ­ t h e ir v a lu e s a n d In s t it u t io n s r e m a in e d d o m in a n t - s o u t h w a rd u n til th e y d o m in a te d a l l o f V ie t n a m q u e re d a n d a n n e xe d b y W u T l o f the g r e a t H a n T h e n a tiv e V ie t n a m e s e d y n a s t ie s w e re f o r so m e a n d - n gnlforf « n u m b e r o f s m a l l e r e th n ic g r o u p s . d y n a s ty , w h ic h in I t s m o s t f lo u r is h in g p e r io d s t im e a lm o s t c o n t in u o u s ly e n g a g e d in c o n f lic t E v e n to d a y. I n So u th V ie t n a m a lo n e , t h e r e a r e m o r e th a n r i v a l le d the R o m a n e m p ir e i n th e h ig h w it h a M a l a y s i a n p e o p le to th e s o u th . T h e s e s u b s t a n t ia l n u m b e r s o f M o l o r M o n t a g u a r d s , le v e l o f i t s c iv iliz a t io n . p e o p le , th e C h a m s , w h o s e la n d w a s k n w r n a s r i i . m g a n d K h m e r s (C a m b o d ia n s ), n o t to m e n tio n F o r m o r e th a n a th o u sa n d y e a r s , u n t i l 93 9 A .D ., C h a m p a , h a d b e e n I n a p r i m it i v e s ta g e o f d e ­ m o r e th a n h a lf a m i ll i o n C h in e s e o f r e la t iv e ly th e A n n a m e s e p e o p le r e m a in e d u n d e r C h in e s e v e lo p m e n t u n til In d ia n c u lt u r e w a s b ro u g h t to th e m re c e n t Im m ig r a t io n . d o m in a tio n . D u r i n g t h i s lo n g p e r io d th e A n ­ b y In d ia n m e r c h a n t s w h o c a m e b y s e a . A b o u t T h e V ie t n a m e s e s t o r y r e a l l y b e g in s I n th e f o u r th n a m e s e e lit e s b e c a m e t h o r o u g h ly S in ic iz e d , anc 192 A . D . a C h a m k in g d o m w a s e s t a b lis h e d b y a c e n t u r y B . C . , w h e n w h a t I s mwr the U n it e d S t a t e s m a n y o f th e m i n t e r m a r r ie d w it h the C h in e s e . H in d u r u l e r , k n e v m a s S r i M a r a . U n d e r In d ia n w a s a w ild e r n e s s in h a b ite d b y p r im it iv e In d ia n s C h in e s e c u ltu re , w h ic h w a s th e n f a r s u p e r i o r tc r u l e r s the C h a m p e o p le p r o g r e s s e d r a p i d ly f r o m a n d t o ta lly u n k n o w n to th e W e s t e r n w o r ld . In a n y o t h e r I n the F a r E a s t , w a s adopted w h o le ­ the h u n tin g a n d f i s h i n g s t a g e t o a g r ic u lt u r e and th a t d ista n t c e n t u r y the V l e t s , a b ra n c h o f the s a l e b y the V ie tn a m e s e , g r e a t ly e le v a t in g the c u l­ t ra d e . L a r g e l y a s a r e s u l t o f t h e ir e x t e n s iv e Y u e h p e o p le o f the T h a i f a m ily . In h a b ite d a n a r e a t u r a l le v e l o f the c o u n t ry . W it h the In f lu x oi t ra d e , th e C h a m s d e v e lo p e d c l o s e r e la t io n s w it h b e lo w th e Y a n g t s e R i v e r I n w h a t i s now the C h in e s e c u lt u r e c a m e B u d d h is m , C o n f u c ia n is m , th e C h in e s e a n d e v e n d is p a tc h e d t r ib u t e - b e a r in g m i i n n e p r o v in c e o f C h e k ia n g , w h e r e th e y e s ­ T a o i s m , the s y s t e m o f w r it in g I n c h a r a c t e r s , anc m i s s i o n s to the T ’a n g (6 18 -90 7) a n d S u n g ( 9 6 0 - t a b lis h e d a k in g d o m . C o m p e lle d to f lo e b e f o r e a v e r y a d va n c e d te c h n o lo g y , c o n s id e r in g the 1279) e m p e r o r s o f C h in a . T h e s t r e n g t h and a w a r l i k e p e o p le k n o w n a s the T s i n , th e y m o v e d p e r io d . r e s o u r c e s o f the C h a m r u l e r s w e r e taxe d , how ­ s o u t h w a rd to the C a n to n (K u a n gch o u ) a re a , a n d D e s p it e the e n ric h m e n t o f A n n a m e s e cu ltu re e v e r , b y the a lm o s t c o n tin u o u s s t r u g g le w it h t h e ir I n the t h i r d c e n t u r y B . C . e n te re d T o n k in a n d t h ro u g h con ta ct w it h the C h in e s e , w h o w e r e , after m o r e p o w e rfu l n o r t h e r n n e ig h b o r s , the A n n a m e s e , n o r t h e r n A n n a m . I n th e se a r e a s the V l e t s s u b ­ a ll, a n a lie n p e o p le , th e A n n a m e s e even tu ally a s w e ll a s b y r e c u r r i n g w a r s w it h the p o w e rfu l ju ga te d th e n a t iv e In h a b ita n ts, m a n y o f w h o m b e c a m e r e s t iv e a n d o p e n ly r e b e llio u s . M o r e o v e r , K h m e r e m p ir e o f that t im e . In the th irte e n th w e r e o f In d o n e s ia n s to c k , a n d In t e r m a r r ie d f r e e ly A n n a m w a s a v e r y g r e a t d is ta n c e f r o m th e i m ­ c e n t u r y the C h a m s w e r e f o r a t im e a c t u a lly w it h th e m . O u t o f t h is In t e r m in g lin g c a m e a p e r ia l c a p ita l o f C h in a , a n d th e C h in e s e of­ re d u c e d to th e p o s it io n o f a m e r e p r o v in c e o f the new p e o p le , the h is t o r i c A n n a m e se . f i c i a l s in re m o t e A n n a m w e r e a b le to c a r r y 01 K h m e r e m p ir e . I n t h e ir ne w h o m e In n o rt h e r n V ie tn a m , th e se p r a c t ic a lly w ith o u t b e in g a c c o u n ta b le to t h e ir em ­ W it h th e f a l l o f the S u n g d y n a s ty a n d th e c o n ­ Y u e h o r V ie t In v a d e r s la id the fo u n d a tio n s o f a p e ro r. C o n s e q u e n tly m a n y o f t h e s e b u r e a u ­ q u e st o f C h in a b y the M o n g o l s , the la n d o f V ie t ­ r e a l m w h ic h la t e r b e c a m e k n o w n a s the K in g d o m c r a t s tended to b e c o m e a u t o c ra tic , o v e rb e a r in g n a m w a s a g a in th re a te n e d b y In v a s io n f r o m the of Annam . O t h e r b r a n c h e s o f the T h a i p e o p le a n d c o r r u p t , th e re b y i n c r e a s in g the n a t u ra l a s ­ n o rt h . B e tw e e n 1257 a n d 1286 K u b la l K h a n d i s ­ p a tc h e d t h r e e e x p e d itio n s a g a in s t A n n a m a n d on e a g a in s t C h a m p a . A lth o u g h b o th A n n a m a n d C h a m p a w e r e In v a d e d a n d p illa g e d , th e y b oth m a n a g e d to d r i v e o ff the M o n g o l In v a d e r s a n d p r e s e r v e t h e ir In d e p e n d e n ce . T h e s t r u g g le a g a in s t a c o m m o n e n e m y , the M o n g o l s , r e s u lt e d I n f r i e n d l i e r r e la t io n s b etw een the A n n a m e s e a n d the C h a m s . I n 1307 the r u li n g h o u s e s o f th e tw o k in g d o m s w e r e u n ite d b y m a r ­ r ia g e , but the m a r r i a g e d id n o t e n s u r e th e u n it y o f the c o u n t ry . T a k i n g a d v a n ta g e o f d is p u t e s I n A n n a m o v e r r i v a l c l a i m s to th e t h ro n e , th e e n e r g e t ic M i n g e m p e r o r o f C h in a , Y u n g L o , i n 1413 d isp a tc h e d . a n a r m y to A n n a m a n d c o n q u e re d the c o u n t ry , w h ic h w a s a g a in in c o r p o r a t e d in to C h in a a n d p la c e d u n d e r th e a d m in is t r a t io n o f a C h in e s e g o v e r n o r - g e n e r a l a n d a c o r p s o f C h in e s e m a n ­ d a r in s , o r b u r e a u c r a t s . T h e C h in e s e a d m in is t r a ­ t o r s atte m p te d to In t ro d u c e a n u m b e r o f r e ­ f o r m s b a s e d o n th e n c u r r e n t C h in e s e m o d e ls , but th e y w e r e r e s i s t e d . T h e b r ie f C h in e s e o c­ c u p a tio n s h a r p ly a r o u s e d th e A n n a m e s e s p i r i t o f n a t io n a lis m , a n d In 1418 A n n a m e s e n a t io n a lis t s u n d e r the le a d e r s h ip o f L e L o i r o s e I n r e b e llio n a n d la u n c h e d a p r o t r a c t e d g u e r r i l l a w a r a g a in s t t h e ir c o n q u e r o r s . T h e s t r u g g le la s t e d f o r 10 y e a r s , u n til 1428, w h en L e L o l c a p tu re d d ie la s t C h i n e s e s t r o n g h o ld in A n n a m at H a n o i and lib e r a t e d th e c o u n t ry . Y u n g L o h a d d ie d in 1424, h o w e v e r, a n d h i s s u c c e s s o r h a d a c t u a lly had n o In t e r e s t In m a in t a in in g the C h in e s e p r e s e n c e i n So u th e a st A s i a . T h e L e d y n a s ty e s t a b lis h e d b y L e L o i e e ffe c - ( C o n t in u e d o n p a g e 5 .) Thursday, January 18, 1968 5 V ie t h is t o r y ( C o n t in u e d f r o m p a g e 4 .) t lv e ly c o n tr o lle d A n n a m f o r n e a r ly a c e n t u ry , f r o m 1428 to 1527, d u r in g w h ic h p e r io d the c o u n t r y w a s r e la t iv e ly w e ll a d m in is t e re d . F r i e n d l y a n d b e n e fic ia l r e la t io n s w e r e e s t a b lis h e d w it h C h in a , a n d L e L o l se n t a t rib u t e - b e a rin g m i s s i o n to P ric in g . T h e C h in e s e e m p e r o r in a m i c o n f ir m e d h i s r ig h t to r u l e A n n a m b y the g r a n t o f a n o f f ic ia l s e a l a n d le t t e r o f in v e s t i­ tu re . D i r l n g the p e r io d o f the L e d y n a sty , A n - n a m e s e c u lt u r e a d v a n c e d s ig n if ic a n t ly , a n d c o n ­ tin u e d to be g r e a t ly in flu e n c e d b y th a t o f C h in a . T h e c u m b e r s o m e C h in e s e c h a r a c t e r s u s e d f o r w r it i n g w e r e s im p lif ie d a n d a m o d ifie d f o r m w a s d e v e lo p e d f o r w r i t in g p o p u la r lit e r a t u r e . T h e c o d e s a n d c o u r t s o f la w w e r e r e f o r m e d a lo n g e x is t in g C h in e s e lin e s , a n d ne w s y s t e m s o f w e ig h t s a n d m e a s u r e s a n d c o in a g e w e r e m o d e le d a ft e r t h o s e p r e v a ili n g i n C h in a . L it e r a t u r e a n d a rt c o n tin u e d t o r e f le c t a s t r o n g C h in e s e in flu e n c e , a lth o u g h in f u s e d w it h a n a t io n a lis t s p i r i t . S t r o n g a n d p r o s p e r o u s , the A n n a m e s e k in g d o m exp a n d e d to t h e w e s t a n d s o u th . U n d e r the g r e a t e s t o f the L e m a n a r c h s , L e T h a n h T o n g (1460-1497), th e C h a m s w e r e c o n q u e re d d e c is iv e ly . T h e C b a m c a p it a l w a s d e s t ro y e d i n 1471 a n d the la s t k in g o f th e C h a m d y n a s t y w a s ta k e n p r is o n e r . F o u r o f th e C h a m p r o v in c e s w e r e d ir e c t ly a n n e x e d to A n ­ n a m , a n d the fifth w a s p e r m itt e d to r e m a in a u t o n o m o u s u n til th e se v e n te e n th c e n t u ry , w h e n it w a s a n n e x e d to A n n a m . T h u s a ll o f the la n d o f V ie t n a m w a s u n ifie d u n d e r a s i n g l e r u lin g h o u s e . B y th e e a r l y six te e n t h c e n t u r y the o n c e v ig o r o u s L e d y n a s t y h a d b e c o m e decadent, a n d In 1527 C a m b o d ia b e c o m e s p iv o t w a s o v e rt h r o w n b y a re b e l g e n e r a l w h o e sta b ­ lis h e d a n e w r u lin g house', kn o w n a s the M a c . T h e M a c d y n a s t y re m a in e d in p o w e r o n ly u n til 1592, w h e n a ft e r m a n y y e a r s o f c i v i l w a r the in U .S .- C h in a c o n flic t z o n e L e d y n a s t y w a s n o m in a lly r e s t o r e d . A ctu al f ic u lt, e s p e c ia lly w it h the w a r now b e in g fo u g h t p o w e r, h o w e v e r, had f a lle n into the h a n d s of By MITCH MILLER o n C a m b o d ia n s o i l. tw o r i v a l f a m ilie s , the T r i n h and the N g u y e n , N o n a at t h e s e s o lu t io n s i s p a r t ic u la r l y p le a s in g , w h o in effect ru le d tw o s e p a r a t e sta te s, a n o rt h e r n N o r o d o m Sih a n o u k , P r i n c e and p r e m ie r at s o w h a t m a y e m e rg e f r o m S ih a n o u k ’s c o n fe re n c e s a n d s o u t h e rn one r e s p e c t iv e ly . C a m b o d ia , h a s n e v e r been a c c u se d o f a llo w in g w it h C h e s t e r B o w le s a n d M s su b se q u e n t d e­ T h e T r i n h w e re the a c tu a l r u l e r s o f T o n k in and c o n s is t e n c y to affect M s f o r e ig n p o lic y . c i s i o n a b out the p r o b le m o f " h o t p u r s u it ’’ I s H a n o i w a s t h e ir c a p ita l. T h e N g u y e n w e r e the Yet S ih a n o u k ’s con d uct I s n e ith e r In s c r u t a b le a n o t h e r p o s s ib ilit y , o n e w M c h m ig h t le a d to a c tu a l r u l e r s o f the so u th , r o u g h ly c o r r e s p o n d in g n o r in e x p lic a b le . A s the r u l e r o f a n a lm o s t a r e a l d a m p e n in g o f the e n tir e w a r , i f both to the o ld C h a m k in g d o m , and t h e ir c a p ita l w a s p o w e r le s s c o u n t ry in the z o n e o f c o n flic t betw een p a r t ie s p i s y t h e ir c a r d s r ig h t . at H u e . W h e n not f ig h t in g ea ch o th e r, t h e s e two the s p h e r e s at in flu e n c e o f the U n ite d S ta te s Numerous signals have been leaked that in­ v ir t u a l ly independent a r e a s w e r e t o m b y in t e r n a l a n d C h in a , h e h a s s u c c e e d e d in m a k in g M s dicate that the situation may be dropped in the s t r u g g le s f o r p o w e r. T h i s s itu a t io n e n d u re d f o r n a tio n a p iv o t l a t h e r th a n a p a w n . lap of the International Control Commission, a b out 200 y e a r s , th ro u gh o u t the se v e n te e n th and H e i s ca u g h t b etw ee n M s p r in c e ly d is t r u s t the body wMch was supposed to supervise the eig h te e n th c e n t u r ie s . o f the la t t e r - d a y M id d l e K in g d o m a n d h i s r e a l iz a ­ execution of the Geneva accord s of1954, but wMch A r o u n d 1786 p r in c e N g u y e n A nh , w o r s t e d in a t io n a s a p r e m ie r that a s ta te s o c lo s e to C o m ­ has been reduced to Ineffectuality by the w ar and s t r u g g le f o r the s o u t h e rn th n ^ je , fle d the c o u n t ry m u n is t C h in a ’s b o r d e r s ca nn ot c o m m it It s e lf to by general lack of support. a n d to o k r e f u g e in B a n g k o k , w h e re h e o b ta in e d the W e s t w ith o u t t re p id a tio n . Should the ICC be given the role of policing tbe s y m p a t h y a n d s u p p o rt o f } F r e n c h C a t h o lic In Sihanouk's wildly varying statements from day to day a s to whether o r not be will allow, the Cambodian border, it would have to be b is h o p . P lg n e a u de B e h a ln e . N g u y e n A n h la t e r strengthened manyfold. The three «wnmiaefon r e t u r n e d t o s o u t h e rn V ie t n a m , a n d w it h F r e n c h p erm it, o r support pursuit of Communist forces from Vietnam Into Cambodia, one sees Ms attempt m em bers, Canada, India and Poland might be a s s i s t a n c e su c c e e d e d i n c o q q im rln g S a ig o n . B y supplying, o r calling on other nations o r tha 1801 h e h a d exten ded h i s c o n q u e s t s a s f a r n o rt h a s to resolve Ms dilemma. On the one hand he cannot really do anything, UN Emergency F o rc e to supply large numbers H a n o i, a n d i n th e f o llo w in g y e a r h e d e p o se d If the United States o r its allies do exercise the of troops. Financial support, from the United th e s h a d o w y L e e m p e r o r a n d b a d h i m s e lf p r o ­ "rig h t of hot pursuit.’ ’ He has neither the States probably, flaunted through the UN might c la im e d e m p e r o r o f a l l A n n a m , u n d e r the r e ig n m ilitary fo rce , nor the d esire to support the pay fo r the troops and their s q pon . n a m e G ia L o n g . During Ms long reign Gia Long effectively uni­ Communists, who have threatened Ms state. A revitalized IOC might take on the mlsalen fied all of Vietnam and laid tbe foundations of a On the other hand, he cannot sqpport a U .S . of petrolling other borders, and enforcing a "Invasion** of Cambodian te rrito ry in pursuit of c e a se -fire o r o v a a possible tru ce . Not that m odem state, for that tim e. T he entire adminis­ the little brothers of Ms giant neighbor, ac­ It would do a batter Job a t such c h o n s , but if trative structure was reformed and extensive cessible a s he is to overt and covert operations the ICC w a n involved, border o r tru ce vio­ public works w ere undertaken. Seventy y e a rs lations would bo agMnst an im partial, world before the Japanese did so , Gia Long grasped directed from L aos by the Pathet L ao and from body ra th e r than agrinst one of die belligerents. that an Aslan nation by adopting W estern technol­ Vietnam by the Viet Cong. The United S t a t e s seem s committed to It should be quite d e a r that these actions ogy and scien ce could turn the aggressive im­ a r e political moves . M ilitary « - hi» , pact of the West to its own advantage. des t r oying the Communists m ilitarily, and thus It cannot be expected that they will be permitted dm bombing of tha North, have b a a notoriously Bishop do Behalne had anticipated that in r e ­ s a n c t u a r y Indefinitely, whether In Cambodia, unsuccessful In iuesrdkxing Infiltration of men turn fo r die aid he had b e a t given , Gia Long L a o s , o r tbs demilitarized zone of North Vietnam. and supplies by the Communists into Viet­ Weald • privileges and benefits on F ra n ce . nam . Bombing has proved ineffective against the Initially d a Lang did employ a number of F re a c h - movement af men o r supplies along Jungle paths, By suddenly i s snrslatlng. and by f l u n g In men a s specialists and ad visers, and was not and ground action is therefore alm ost inevitable. an Internationa l bogy (two of whose m em bers, mifrlendly to Catholic m issionary activity, which But taking tMo step would involve a m ajor e s ­ Poland and India, a r e openly hostile to die w as extrem ely aggressive. Toward the end of calation, at a tim e when the United States is United S tates), dda country could rem ove from Ms reign, however, a s trong reaction developed seeking desperately to get world opinion on its Itself the onus af vtelanee in Vietnam. It could against the p resenc e of the French and other side, and whan President Johnson is facing an shift to the C n m m a l B r a the antipathy , bach h are W esterners in the country. increasingly nervous electo rate. It la not email and abroad, which has b o a directed a u s. Gia Long w as greatly alarm ed by the B ritish nations alone that fa ce dtlemmaa. This tromandano paHftcal praaenianil|hila'liig of q T r " * h 1819, ¿ad shortly before Sihanouk has many options open to Mm, but Ho Chi Kfinh and the Viet Coeg to dm negotiating M s death in 1820 he urged hi* s uccessor , Minh they can be subsumed Into s few basic m oves. tab le. Mang (1820-1841), to deal co rrectly widi W estern­ One, he can actively aqppo it the United States At dm vary laser, the w ar might he reduced to e r s but to be wary of them, especially the French. in its hot pursuit of the Viet Cong. T his would a level where dm U d tsd States could withdraw x wham he euqpected o f having designs on the necessitate his becoming a satellite of die U .S., many a f its combat troops and still prosecute coun try . Mlnh Mang and Ms succe s s o rs , TMeu supported and maintained by us and doubtlessly dm w ar u rca sa fu lly . T H (184-1847) and T u Due (1847-1883), turned under attack by the Communists. He alm ost The likelihood at such a development is m ln- th eir bodes on the W est sad once again looked certainly will not take this co u rse. escu le. It Is pcodfeatod an a political sopM s- to China fo r cultural Inspiration and sqppor t Two, he could actively oppose U.S. interven­ dcation which does net exist in this country. against foreign (French) aggression. The alien tion, re s is t It m ilitarily, three ten t f bring in Com­ It would require dm sodden awa r ene ss am dm dynasty, wMch had been In control of munist Chins, take the United Statea before the UN, p art of policy-m akers that dda la a political China sin ce die middle of tbe s eventeenth cen­ and in general only make Ufo w orse fo r tMs w a r , ana which must be fought an fronts that tu m , c o n t i n u e d to recognize the "su z e ra in - country. In such a c a s e die United Statea would they have not cmml dared oven applicable here­ vassal** relationship between CMna and Annam ta d not c ro s s Ms b ord ers, but he would be forced tofore, notably the incaraadcnal peHrtcal scen e. its responsibility to offer protection against ex­ into China’s a rm s, a situation wMch he does That such a aoludan might develop oat of what ternal aggression. What the Vietnamese im perial not want either. la a peripheral loans may seem unlikely. But house did not understand w as that this once T h ree, Sihanouk might passively perm it UJS. viewed in the caomm af UjS. itoaperarlen, and g reet dynasty w as in decadence, that CMna had o r South Vietnamese troops In Ms te rrito ry while at Sihanouk’s datsrmlnadon and ability to main­ become grievously misgoverned by corru pt and still attempting to maintain a fence-sitting ro le , tain a power <■»— * - In Southeast A sia, it la »’• (C o n tin u e d on p a g e 1 2.) a position that even the P rin ce might find dif­ not a s Improbable a s may seem. ¿M ich ig an State News, E a st Lansing, Michigan 1 BOOKMARKS Quixote in the land o f DeGoulle h e a r te d v ig n e tte s w r itt e n b y H e m in g w a y in h i s By M. TH O M AS IN G E m a s t e r p ie c e o f l i t e r a r y r e v e n g e “ A M o v e a b le F e a st." S a la m a n c a , S p a in , D e c e m b e r , 1967 W h itm a n m a in t a in s M i s s B e a c h 's c o n g e n ia l a i r Of h o s p it a lit y . H i s s h o p m otto r e a d s , " W e “ I d o n 't th in k e d itin g a ' lit t le m a g a z in e is a n y w is h o u r g u e s t s to e n te r w ith the f e e lin g they m o r e a n h o n o r a b le p r o f e s s io n th a n f is h in g ; but h a v e in h e r ite d a boo k iln e d a p a rtm e n t o n the it I s m o r e f u n , " o r s o G e o r g e W h itm a n w r it e s S e in e w h ic h i s a l l th e m o r e d e lig h tfu l b e c a u se m e f r o m P a r i s w h e re h e i s e n g a g e d In pub­ th e y s h a r e it w ith o t h e r s . ” A n d o f th e s h o p he lis h in g " T h e , P a r is M a g a z in e ." n o te s, “ I c o n s id e r it a s m u c h y o u r s a s m in e , S u c h p u b lic a tio n s h a v e a lo n g a h o n o r a b le h i s ­ e v e n m o r e s o b e c a u se y o u c a n d o w h at y o u t o r y in A m e r ic a n lit e r a t u r e , b e g in n in g w ith M a r ­ p le a s e w h ile I h a v e to k e e p t h in g s in o r d e r . • • g a r e t F u l l e r a n d R a lp h W a ld o E m e r s o n 's " T h e B u t s o m e t im e s , w h e n I a m s c r u b b in g f l o o r s a t D i a l " (1840-1844); m o v in g into the p r e s e n t ce n­ 2 o ’c lo c k in th e m o r n in g , I a m t o m betw een t u r y w ith s u c h lit t le m a g a z in e s a s H a r r i e t M o n ­ the w is h to lo c k e v e r y o n e ou t b e c a u se it i s r o e 's " P o e t r y ” (1 9 1 2 -p re se n t), M a r g a r e t A n d e r ­ s o m u c h t ro u b le to p ic k up a ft e r p e o p le , o r s o n 's " T h e L it t le R e v ie w ” (1914-1929), the N e w lo c k e v e r y o n e in b e c a u se m y g u e s t s a r e s o c o n ­ O r le a n s " D o u b l e D e a le r ” (1921-1929) a n d the g e n ia l." N a h s v llle F u g it iv e (1922-4925); a n d s u r v i v i n g In s u c h v a r ie d m o d e rn f o r m s a s “ T h e P a r t is a n T h e sh o p h a s la s te d 16 y e a r s (w h ile in A m e r ic a R e v ie w ,” “ A c c e n t,” " T h e K e n yo n R e v ie w ," f iv e out o f e v e r y 10 b o o k s h o p s opened a r e c lo s e d a n d d ie " E v e r g r e e n R e v i e w . " w ith in a y e a r , a n d o n ly o n e l a s t s 10 y e a r s ) , but W h itm a n h a s n o t s o ld o n e o f th e 2 5 ,0 0 0 T h e m o r e d ir e c t f o r e b e a r s o f the la t e s t a d d itio n v o lu m e s in h i s s t o c k f o r a lm o s t a y e a r . T h e to th e l i s t , w h ic h It s e d it o r d u b s “ the p o o r F re n c h go ve rnm e nt has c o n d e m n e d h im f o r m a n 's 'P a r i s R e v ie w ,’ " w e r e th e n u m e r o u s lit tle r u n n in g a n ille g a l b u s in e s s , a lth o u g h h e r e p o r t s , m a g a z in e s p u b lish e d in L o n d o n a n d P a r i s d u r in g “ I h a v e a p p lie d f o r a f o r e ig n b u s i n e s s m a n 's the 192(7s b y A m e r ic a n e x p a t ria t e s , l i k e “ T h e c a r d in o r d e r to b e a llo w e d to s e l l b o o k s a g a in a lit t le w e ek in th e b a th ro o m , g i r l s in s c a r le t C r it e r io n , ” “ T r a n s i t i o n , " “ E x i l e , " “ B r o o m , ” a n d hop e to r e c e iv e a f a v o r a b le r e s p o n s e b e fo re t ig h t s , o n e m u s c u la r s m o o t h sk in n e d m a n a n d " S e c e s s i o n , ” w h e re the e a r ly w o r k o f T J 5 . too m a n y y e a r s h a v e p a s s e d . ” s w e a tin g d a n c in g f o r h o u r s , b e e r c a n s E l i o t , G e rt ru d e S t e in , E z r a P o u n d , E r n e s t H e m ­ b en t lit t e r in g th e y a r d , a h a n g e d m a n in g w a y a n d W ill ia m C a r l o s W i ll i a m s a p p e a re d . W h ile h e w a it s , h e k e e p s h is d o o r s op en s c u lp t u r e d a n g lin g f r o m a h ig h c r e e k b ra n c h , c h ild r e n s le e p in g s o f t ly in b e d ro o m b u n k s, a s a f r e e le n d in g l i b r a r y — “ a p r iv a t e l i b r a r y T h e o n e th in g they a l l h a d in c o m m o n w a s a o p e n b y in v ita tio n to th e p u b lic ” — f r o m a b ro a d . a n d f o u r p o lic e c a r s p a r k e d o u t s id e th e p a in te d p re f e re n c e f o r p u b lis h in g th e w o r k o f th e li t e r ­ In a n u p s t a ir s a p a r tm e n t , h e m a in t a in s “ T h e g a te , r e d lig h t s r e v o l v in g in th e le a v e s . a r y a v a n t - g a r d e , the y o u n g d is s id e n t s a n d e x ­ T h e r e f e r e n c e s a r e c o n t e m p o r a r y , th e v o c a b ­ F r e e U n i v e r s i t y o f P a r i s , ” w h ic h o f f e r s p o e t r y p e r im e n t e r s w ho w anted to d e fy a n d re s h a p e r e a d in g s , c o u r s e s , d e b a te s a n d s e m i n a r s o n u l a r y h a s c h a n g e d , a n d a s in " K a n s a s C it y to the p r e v a ilin g t r a d it io n s o f the m o m e n t. “ T h e lit e r a t u r e and p o li t i c s . H o w h e s u r v i v e s i s the S a in t L o u i s " the s e c r e t s e n s u a l p le a s u r e s W h itm a n P a r i s M a g a z in e , ” h o w e v e r, d o e s n o t a s p i r e to m y s t e r y , a s h e i s n o t a m a n o f ind e p en d ent o n ly hin te d a t a r e m a d e b la ta n tly c l e a r , but b e a s c r e a t iv e a s a l l that; it s g o a ls a r e s im p le r . m e a n s. G i n s b e r g y e t p r o m i s e s to b e th e m o s t a u th e n tic “ If w e c a n a c h ie v e a lit t le h u m o r a n d e x p lo re v o ic e o f the A m e r ic a n u n d e r g ro u n d c o n s c ie n c e th e u n iv e r s e to g e t h e r t h is m a g a z in e m a y b e an I n t h is c e n t u ry ’ s p o e t r y . T h i s n ia y b e t r u e , in T h e w in te r i s s u e o f " T h e P a r i s M a g a z in e , ” a d v e n tu re ,” s a y s W h itm a n . “ U n lik e th e b ig s p it e o f the fa c t that h is c o lle a g u e , L a w r e n c e a lr e a d y a t p r e s s , in c lu d e s a n e s s a y o n Io n e sc o a n o n y m o u s p u b lic a tio n s w e c a n a t le a s t go ba ck F e r lin g h e t t i, i s h a n d s dow n the b e tte r poet. b y H e n r y M i l l e r a n d a n a r t ic le b y H J . P o llo c k to th e d a y s o f p e r s o n a l j o u r n a lis m w h en a p o e t, o n J o y c e in P a r i s . T h e s u b s c r ip t io n p r i c e c a r p e n t e r , b o o k s e lle r , p r in t e r a n d j o u r n a lis t f o r f o u r q u a r t e r ly I s s u e s i s $2, p a y a b le to the l ik e W a lt W h itm a n w o u ld p u b lis h m a n ife s to s o r A s in t e r e s t in g a s the m a g a z in e it s e l f is , e q u a lly p u b lis h e r , G u y F o r e a u . It m a y be m a ile d to s e t u p the typ e f o r h i s ow n b o o k o f p o e m s .” f a s c in a t in g i s it s e d it o r , G e o r g e W h itm a n , a S h a k e s p e a r e a n d C o m p a n y , 3 5 r u e de la B u c h e r ie , B u t v e r y m u c h lik e the lit tle m a g a z in e s of s le n d e r c o n g e n ia l A m e r ic a n e x p a t ria t e f r o m P a r i s 5. y e s t e r y e a r . W h it m a n 's i s d ire c te d to a n un­ T a u n to n , M a s s . , . w h o s t r i k e s d ie f ig u r e o f a f o rtu n a te ly lim it e d a u d ie n ce — t h o s e w illin g to ta k e y e t o p t im is t ic D o n Q u ix o t e w ith h i s w is p y goa te e T o c h a n g e s lig h t ly A r t h u r G u it e r m a n 's lin e s , lif e w ith a n in t e llig e n t a m o u n t o f s a n e h u m o r — (h e i s a n im p a s s io n e d d e fe n d e r o f b e a r d s ), m a y the “ G o d w ho w a tc h e s o v e r c h ild r e n , d r u n k ­ a n d i s no t c o m m e r c ia lly o rie n te d — it g o t off a n d s t y le s h i m s e lf " t h e ille g it im a t e g r e a t - a r d s a n d f o o ls / W ith s ile n t m i r a c l e s a n d o t h e r the g r o u n d w ith a f i r s t r u n o f 5 ,0 0 0 c o p ie s but g r a n d s o n o f W a lt W h itm a n .” s u c h e s o t é r ic a / S u sp a n d the o r d in a r y r u l e s , ” o n ly 12 s u b s c r ib e r s o n the r o l l s . a n d w a tch ou t f o r G e o r g e W h itm a n . T h e f i r s t n u m b e r , w h ic h a p p e a re d in O c to b e r, W h e n h e c a m e to P a r i s 16 y e a r s a g o , it w a s c o n ta in s s u c h it e m s a s a s e le c tio n o f le t t e r s b y n o t h i s in te n tio n to e d it a lit tle m a g a z in e but L a w re n c e D u r r e ll, a re p o rt by E d w a rd L u c te - r a t h e r to be a b o o k - s e l le r . P la c in g h im s e lf in S m it h o n th e m o m e n to u s d e v e lo p m e n t o f " T h e th e lin e o f d e s c e n t o.f e v e n a n o th e r l i t e r a r y L i t t l e P r e s s e s in E n g la n d , " a v e r y p r o m is in g g e n e o lo g y , h e n o w c a l l s h i s s h o p S h a k e s p e a r e s h o r t s t o r y c a lle d " F o g ” b y B a r b a r a S h a tz k ln , a n d C o m p a n y , a ft e r th e f a m o u s b o o k sh o p o p e ra te d b y S y l v ia B e a c h in P a r i s in the 192(7s . M i s s E D I T O R ’S NO TEt M. T h o m d s In g e , a s ­ " P i c t u r e s o f V ie tn a m a t W a r ” w ith p h o to s by B e a c h , it w il l b e r e m e m b e r e d , w a s th e g r e a t s is t a n t p r o f e s s o r o f A m e r ic a n Thought R o g e r P i c a n d text b y J e a n P a u l S a r t r e , an in t e r v ie w w ith M a r g u e r it e D u r a s in F r e n c h , a f r ie n d a n d a id e o f m a n y m e m b e r s o f th e lo s t and Language, Is a 1 9 6 7 -6 8 F u lb r lg h t " P o e t s T r ib u n e ” re p r e s e n t in g a w id e se le c tio n g e n e r a t io n and w a s (p u b lis h e r o f J o y c e ’ s Im m o r t a l L e c t u r e r In A m e r ic a n L it e r a t u r e , o f p o e m s b y un k n ow n a n d w e ll-k n o w n p o e ts f r o m U l y s s e s . S h e h a s the a lm o s t u n iq u e d ls d n c d o n o f p r e s e n t ly at the U n iv e r s it y of S a la ­ a l l o v e r d ie w o r ld a n d a g e n e r a l s e c t io n of h a v in g e a rn e d on e o f the few k in d a n d w a r m - m a n c a , S p a in . b r i e f c o n tr ib u t io n s o n s u c h s u b je c t s a s the A r a b - I s r a e l i w a r, V ie tn a m , M a lc o lm X , p o lit ic a l lib e r a lis m and d r u g s . If o n e s u s p e c t s a p a r ­ C h a n g e a w in te r d ip lo m a t ic u l a r p o lit ic a l o r id e o lo g ic a l s la n t in t h is lin e ­ u p , th e y sh o u ld n o te , a s W h itm a n d o e s h im se lf, in to a sp rin g p a s s p o rt th a t “ fa t h is I s s u e I s e e m to h a v e m a d e bed­ f e llo w s o f a- g e n ia l m o n a r c h is t li k e L a w re n c e to o v e r s e a s s e rv ic e D u r r e l l a n d a M a r x i s t li k e J e a n P a u l S a r t r e . ” P e r h a p s th e m o s t n o ta b le c o n tr ib u t io n to the W in t e r g ra d u a te s w h o a p p ly f o r P e a c e C o r p s s e rv ic e b y F e b ­ i s s u e a r e e x c e r p t s f r o m w o r k in p r o g r e s s by r u a r y 1 0 c a n b e o v e r s e a s b y e a r ly s u m m e r in a n y o n e o f 2 5 A l l e n G in s b e r g , d ie a g in g le a d e r o f th e once p r o g r a m s r a n g i n g f r o m e d u c a t i o n t o s m a l l p o x e r a d i c a t i o n in a v a n t - g a r d e B e a t n ik m o v e m e n t a n d p a t r o n sa in t T h a ila n d . . . T o g o . . . In d ia . . . B r a z il . . . a n d d o z e n s o f o f th e f lo w e r c h ild r e n . S t i l l s t r id e n t a n d id e a l­ o t h e r c o u n t rie s. i s t i c , o c c a s io n a lly t u r n in g o ff a s t r i k i n g im a ge M a i l this c o u p o n today. E x p e c t to hear from u s t o m o r r o w . o r lin e , G in s b e r g i s g e ttin g m o r e a n d m o r e l i k e h i s s p ir it u a l g o d - f a t h e r W a lt W h itm a n lr I j h i s a ttem pt to s o u l - k l s s th e p s y c h e d e lic scene J Applicant Services Peace Corps, Washington, D. C. 20525 i a n d th e e n t ir e A m e r ic a n la n d s c a p e . N o t e " F i r s t P a r t y a t K e n K e s e y * s w ith H e l l 's A n g e ls ” : I N a m e :___________________ » | (First) (Last) I C o o l b la c k n ig h t t h r u the re d w o o d s c a r s p a r k e d o u tsid e In the sh a d e • Current A d d re s s :________ i . (Street & Number) (City) (State) i b e h in d d ie g a te , s t a r s d im a b o v e the r a v in e , a f i r e b u r n in g b y the s id e | College:_______________________ M a jo r:_________________________ » p o r c h a n d a fe w t ir e d s o u ls h u n c h e d o v e r j Availability: Winter G rad* □ May/June Grad □ O t h e r________ i in b la c k le a t h e r ja c k e t s . In the h u ge | Send: Information only □ Application only I w ood e n h o u s e , a y e llo w c h a n d e lie r > Application & Information Q a t 3 a .m . and the b la s t o f lo u d s p e a k e r s h i - f i R o llin g S t o n e s R a y C h a r le s B e a d e s ■ *Applications received by February 10 will be considered for spring programs. | — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — J J u m p in g J o e J a c k s o n a n d tw enty y o u th s Contributedby Friends of the Peace Corps d a n c in g to the v ib r a t io n th ru the f lo o r , Thursday, January 18, 1968 7 MUSIC Ormandy:30 years of music B y J IM ROOS A n n iv e r s a r i e s , e p h e m e ra l th o u gh they b e , a r e s p e c ia l p r o f ile o f th e g r e a t v io li n is t t o m o r r o w la n d m a r k s o f c o n tin u ity a n d c h a n g e . N o t lo n g a g o the m u s ic a l w o r ld w a s c e le b r a t in g the 30th e v e n in g a t 10 p .m . o n N B C ’ s B e l l T e le p h o n e H o u r. a n n iv e r s a r y o f E u g e n e O r m a n d y 's t e n u re w ith the A n o t h e r 40th a n n iv e r s a r y w o rth n o tin g (J a n . 12) P h ila d e lp h ia S y m p h o n y O r c h e s t r a , a n a s s o c ia t io n c e le b ra te d the A m e r ic a n debut o f p ia n is t V l a d i­ th a t h a s b ee n d o cu m e n te d b y h u n d re d s o f r e c o r d ­ m i r H o ro w it z . H o r o w it z m a d e h is a p p e a ra n c e to­ i n g s — f i r s t f o r R C A V i c t o r a n d la t e r C o lu m b ia R e c o rd s. g e th e r w ith the la te S i r T h o m a s B e e c h a m (who in c id e n ta lly a ls o w a s a p p e a r in g f o r th e f i r s t N o w w o r d h a s c o m e that a ft e r m o r e than 2 0 t im e o n th e se s h o r e s ) . y e a r s w ith C o lu m b ia , O r m a n d y a n d the P h ila d e l­ p h ia n s h a v e c a lle d it q u it s and a r e r e t u r n in g to S i r T h o m a s ’ p r o g r a m , u n u s u a lly lo n g b y A m e r i ­ th e V i c t o r la b e l. c a n s t a n d a r d s , w a s stu ffe d w ith o ff-b e a t H a n d e l (e «g.. O v e r t u r e to “ T e s s e o ” ) a n d n a t u r a lly h is T h e s p lit i s a p p a r e n t ly th e r e s u lt o f a b a s ic b e lo v e d D e liu s . H o w e v e r , the a u d ie n c e d id not h a v e d is a g r e e m e n t betw een O r m a n d y a n d C o lu m b ia m u c h o f a c h a n c e to s a v o r B e e c h a m ’s le i s u r e l y o f f ic ia l s o v e r th e n u m b e r o f r e c o r d in g s the o r ­ a p p ro a c h f o r H o ro w it z q u ic k ly s t o le the sh o w . c h e s t r a w o u ld b e c o n tra c te d to m a k e a n d the T h e 2 4 - y e a r - o ld f ir e b r a n d rid d le d o ff a p e r ­ • typ e o f r e p e r t o r y O r m a n d y w ou ld b e a llo te d f o r r e c o r d in g s . f o r m a n c e o f T c h a ik o v s k y ’s B fla t m a j o r C o n - c e rt o that had the a u d ie n c e v ir t u a l ly h y s t e r ic a l F o r m a n y y e a r s O r m a n d y h a s been d i s s a t i s ­ f ie d w ith h i s re p u ta tio n a s a " t e c h n i c o l o r ” c o n ­ a n d a p p la u d in g th ro u g h o u t the in t e r m is s io n . R a r e ­ l y h a s C a r n e g ie H a ll s e e n s u c h a f u r o r . d u c t o r , on e w ho i s in t e r e s te d p r i m a r il y in the T h e s h e e r f r e n z y o f H o r o w i t z 's a tta ck a n d the R o m a n t ic s a n d I m p r e s s io n is t s . H e h a s had to a n im a l e x c ite m e n t g e n e ra te d b y th e w iz a r d r y o f c o n te n t h i m s e lf w ith a re c o r d e d r e p e r t o r y w h ic h , h i s te ch n iq u e re s u lt e d in a new a p p ro a c h to p ia n o i f b y n o m e a n s s m a l l , h a s e m p h a siz e d s u c h c o m ­ maninoff Etudes-Tahleaux and as a first encore p la y in g that h a s had u n q u e stio n e d Im p a c t u p o n a n p o s e r s a s R e s p ig h i , R i c h a r d a n d J o h a n n S t r a u s s , Schumann's ‘ ‘TrmumereL” e n t ir e g e n e r a t io n o f p ia n is t s . N o n e o f H o r o w i t z 's D e b u s s y , B r a h m s , S ib e li u s a n d th e lik e . O n ly Then it happened! According to New York i m it a t o r s h a v e e v e r been a b le to r e - c r e a t e the r a r e l y h a s he been g r a n t e d th e lu x u r y o f r e c o r d ­ Tim es critic Harold Schonberg, “ M r. Horo­ f a n ta s tic p y ro te c h n lc a l stu n t s that h e a lo n e s e e m s in g a M o z a r t o f H a y d n s y m p h o n y . T h e s e h a v e witz sat down, glanced quizzically at his au­ c a p a b le o f p e r f o r m in g . F o r e x a m p le , the im p o s ­ g e n e r a lly b ee n r e s e r v e d f o r o t h e r C o lu m b ia dience, grinned and launched into his arrange­ c o n d u c t o r s lik e B e r n s t e in o r S z e ll. s ib le v a r ia t io n s o n S o u s a 's “ S t a r s a n d S t r ip e s ment of the "‘ Carmen Fantasy*' showering die T h u s , th e n e w R C A c o n tr a c t g iv e s O r m a n d y F o r e v e r " (c re a te d f o r p e r f o r m a n c e a t W a r B o n d audience with sprays of notes, with volleys of in c r e a s e d o p p o r t u n it ie s to m a k e r e c o r d in g s and D r i v e s d u r in g W o r ld W a r □ ) o r the b r e a t h - t a k - fortissim os, with streaking octaves, and freakish a n e s s e n t ia lly f r e e h a n d a t c h o o s in g r e p e r t o ir e . ln g , s u p e r - v ir t u o s it y o f h is ow n v a r ia t io n s o n passagework. When he finished, it was pandemo­ A n d th e M a e s t r o h o p e s that both h e a n d h i s or­ t h e m e s f r o m B iz e t ’s “ C a r m e n . " nium.” c h e s t r a m e m b e r s w i l l b e n e fit f r o m in c r e a s e d A f t e r h is 25 th a n n iv e r s a r y r e c it a l in 1953 Apparently the “ old Horowitz” has returned. r e c o r d in g r o y a lt ie s a n d p e r h a p s a m o r e * ‘s e r i o u s ” H o r o w it z su d d e n ly sto p p e d p la y in g in p u b lic , O r perhaps what we have been calling the “ new im a g e . a lth o u g h h e s t i l l m a d e o c c a s io n a l r e c o r d in g s . Horowitz” is simply a “ better Horowitz,” m ore It I s u n d e r st a n d a b le that M r . O r m a n d y h a s , a s he T h e n , in M a y , 1965 fo llo w in g t w e lv e y e a r s o f seasoned, musically matured yet at 64 still capable p u t it, “ m ix e d f e e lin g s ” a b o u t le a v in g C o lu m b ia . a b s e n c e f r o m the s ta g e h e re tu rn e d . o f all we have known and expected of him in the A f t e r a l l , it i s n o t s i m p ly a n a s s o c ia t io n w ith a T h e " n e w H o r o w it z ” b ro u g h t w ith h im a l l h is p a s t. r e c o r d c o m p a n y that i s e n d in g , but a ls o fu tu re o ld te c h n iq u e , but h e w a s d e t e r m in e d to a v o id Thus, anniversaries such as those of Ormandy, r e c o r d in g c o lla b o r a t io n s w ith h i s o id f r ie n d s the w ild s tu n t s o f p r e v io u s y e a r s . H i s a p p ro a c h Menuhin and Horowitz serve as excellent re ­ R u d o lf S e r k i n , I s s a c S t e r n , L e o n a r d R o s e and to e v e r y t h in g w a s s lig h t ly m o r e r e la x e d , Im ­ minders that great a rtists have that extraor­ o th e rs— a ll of w hom re c o rd f o r C o lu m b y . m e d ia t e ly m o r e m u s ic a ll y p ro fo u n d th a n b e­ dinary ability to maintain a unique level of achieve­ Y e t , th e p ic t u r e i s s t i l l b r ig h t . W ith the ne w f o r e . O n ly o c c a s io n a lly d id a C h o p in E tu d e o r ment over incredibly long periods of tim e, while c o n t r a c t , not o n ly c a n M a e s t r o O r m a n d y e x p lo re S c r ia b in So n a ta sb o w t r a c e s o f the fre n e t ic continually adding new dimensions to their a rtis­ the w o r ld o f S c h u b e r t , B a c h and B e e th o v e n to h is ‘ ‘o ld H o r o w it z . " tr y . s a t is f a c t io n , h e c a n a l s o lo o k f o r w a r d to c o l la b o r a - B a r e ly a m on th a g o , th e ‘ ‘n e w H o r o w it z ” w a s This capacity to endure, yet grow Is no easy * t io n s w ith s o m e o f h i s o ld R C A V i c t o r c r o n ie s : g iv in g a r e c it a l in C a r n e g ie H a ll (the fifth s in c e feat, and in fact deserves some so rt of celebra­ R u b in s t e a n a n d H e ife tz . h i s 1965 r e t u r n ). T h e p r o g r a m in c lu d e d a B e e ­ tion. L e t's see—O JC. Vladimir, how about an B a c k to a n n iv e r s a r ie s p r o p e r , v io l i n i s t Y e h u d i th o v e n S o n a ta (O p . 101), a C h o p in g r o u p , R a c h ­ arrangem ent of the Anniversary Waltz 1 M e n u h in re c e n tly c e le b r a t e d the 40 th a n n iv e r s a r y o f h i s s e n s a t io n a l d ebu t a t C a r n e g ie H a l) , N o v e m ­ b e r 2 7 , 1927. T o g e t h e r w ith w hat w a s then know n a s the N e w Y o r k S y m p h o n y O r c h e s t r a , F r i t z B u s c h c o n d u c tin g , th e 11 y e a r o ld w u n d e ry in d p r e ­ se n te d h i s in t e r p re t a tio n o f d ie B e e th o v e n V i o l in C o n c e r t o to a n a st o u n d e d a u d ie n ce . In it ia lly , B u s c h d id no t w ant M e n u h in to p la y the B e e th o v e n C o n c e r t o . H e in s is t e d that n o 11 y e a r o ld c o u ld p e r f o r m s u c h a p ro fo u n d m a s t e r p ie c e w ith th e r e q u is it e d e g r e e o f m u s ic a l n g t u r i t y . B u s c h s a id th a t it w o u ld b e th e e q u iv a le n t of “ a s k in g J a c k ie C o o g a n to p la y ‘ H a m le t .” ’ It Is p o s s i b l e th a t p a r t o f B u s c h 's r e s is t a n c e w a s p re c ip ita te d b y th e fa c t that h e had p la n n e d to p e r f o r m h i s ow n s y m p h o n y a t the s a m e c o n c e rt a n d d id n 't r e l i s h th e id e a o f s c ' ne p r o d ig y h o g g in g th e s p o tlig h t . In fa c t, B u s c h w h o w a s a c h ild p r o d ig y h im ­ s e lf , had a n In t e n se d i s l i k e f o r th e s e lf - s t y le d a n d ofte n b r a t t ls h ‘ ‘g e n u ls e s ” fo is t e d up o n h im b y a m b it io u s pa r e n t s . H o w e v e r , M e n u h in h a d c o m e x by a r r a n g e m e n t t h ro u g h E n e s c o a n d B r u n o W a lt e r ( h a r d ly “ f l y - b y - n i g h t " m u s ic ia n s ) a n d B u s c h had to c o n c e d e to a p r e - c o n c e r t a u d itio n b e fo re M e n u h in ’ s r e q u e s t to p la y B e e th o v e n c o u ld b e r u le d ou t. & i s a n o ld s t o r y : a f t e r h e a r in g th e b o y p la y o n ly fifte e n b a r s o f th e w o r k , B u s c h a g r e e d to p la y a n y th in g w ith h im . W h a t m a d e lit t le M e n u ­ h in s o e x t r a o r d in a r y , a n d a p a r t f r o m o t h e r c h ild p r o d ig i e s w ho a l s o p o s s e s s e d p le n ty o f t e c h n ic a l p r o w e s s , w a s h i s in c r e d ib le in t e r p re t a tiv e p r e ­ c o c io u s n e s s . A t th e a g e o f 11, h i s c o n c e p tio n o f a m u s ic a l m a s t e r p ie c e w a s a s m a tu re a s that o f a g re a t a r t is t o f 50. T h r o u g h th e y e a r s M e n u h i n 's i n t e r p r e t i v e p o w e r s h a v e rip e n e d to th e extent that to d a y , at 51, h i s n a m e i s s y n o n y m o u s w ith the m o s t lo fty a l m s o f p e n e t ra tin g m u s ic ia n s h ip . M e n u ­ h i n 's h u m a n is t ic e n d e a v o r s , h i s a c t iv it ie s in m u s ic a l e d u c a tio n , a c h ie v e m e n ts a s c o n d u c to r o f the B a t h F e s t iv a l O r c h e s t r a a n d o t h e r In t e r ­ e s t in g fa c e ts o f h i s c a r e e r w ill be p a r t o f a 8 Michigan State News, E a st Lansing, Michigan McLuhan’s media message By J E F F JUSTIN c u lt u r e b u ild s o n t h is e m o tio n a l in v o lv e m e n t. e m o t i o n a l involvement between speaker and W h e n I t s w o r d s a r e se t dow n on p a p e r o r sto n e , listen er. With die new objectivity com es a What happens to you when you watch T .V . t h e s e o b je c ts a c q u ir e m y s t ic s ig n if ic a n c e b e c a u se visual emphasis because our sense of sight Is a s compared to when you listen to the radio, a s m e d ia o f c o m m u n ic a tio n , th e y e n c o u ra g e in ­ m ore ab stract and objective than our involving a s compared to when you read a book? Ac­ v o lv e m e n t o f the w h o le m a n . P i c t u r e - w r it in g e a r . Written’ culture is made of different points cording to Marshall McLuhan, author of “ Un­ b e c o m e s a n Ic o n , a n object f o r e m o tio n a l of “ view.’ ’ derstanding Media,“ “ The Medium is the Mes­ re ve re n ce . The course of painring illustrates the shifting sag e,“ and other works, your mind changes. S u c h a c u lt u r e w ill not t o le ra te s p e c ia liz a t io n . em phasis. Barbarian a r t Is flat; it has no per­ Not the ideas within your mind so much as the S o a c c u st o m e d to the in v o lv e m e n t o f h u m a n s p e e c h , spective. It is discontinuous, non-linear. But method by which your mind works. The dif­ s u c h t r ib a l m e n w o n ’t fra g m e n t t h e m s e lv e s b y the eye traveling a cro ss written lines enabled ferent media tinker with the workings of your d iv id in g t h e ir li v e s In to w o r k and p la y ; th e y d on’t the eye to travel into p ictu res. Logically, per­ mind in the sam e way that an inventor once h a v e jo b s , but r o le s . T h p y w o n ’t s p ilt up t h e ir spective in painting and sculpture appeared In tinkered with them. You change, your world­ a ttention. In ste a d , they in v o lv e t h e ir w h o le b e in g . the late Greek and Roman cultures. view changes, your world changes. Behind the S u p e r s t it io n a n d b e lie f In m a g ic a r e the n a t u ra l But people couldn’t see a s well in the dark explanation of this p rocess lies McLuhan’ s now- e x p r e s s io n o f t h e ir e m p h a s is o n e m o tio n a lly in­ ag es. The destruction of Roman writing, papyrus, famous dictum: “ The medium Is the m e ssa g e ." v o lv in g s p e e c h in t h e ir w o r ld o f unextended s e n s e s . a n d r o a d s by aural barbarians resulted in a shift A m e d iu m I s a n e x t e n s io n o f m a n . The A n a lp ha b et e x p lo d e s a ll t h is m y th . Su d d e n ly, b a c k to aural culture because the media o f the w h e e l e x te n d s the fo o t ju st a s the e le c t r ic e m o tio n i s s p lit f r o m r e a s o n b y the w r it t e n w o rd , R o m a n Em pire was destroyed. Painting lost lig h t s h a r p e n s o u r e y e sig h t . M e d ia in the p a st a n d the f ra g m e n t in g of the In d iv id u a l w h ic h o c c u r s i t s perspective In the middle ag es. The medieval h a v e ta k e n a p a rt o f m a n ’s s e n s o r y a p p a ra tu s i s a c c u r a t e ly im a g e d th ro u g h o u t M c L u h a n ’s w o r k manuscript lost its point at view and became an o r a n a to m y a n d in c r e a s e d It s c a p a b ility to p e r ­ b y c a llin g the p r o c e s s a n e x p lo s io n . T h e w r itt e n ic o n , a subject o f emotional Involvement. Medie­ f o r m a fu n ctio n . T ie d In to t h e ir m in d s s o p a g e s ta n d s o ff f r o m you , s e p a r a t in g y o u f r o m val a rt became the portrayal of ecstasy. tig h t ly , then, m e d ia h a v e n e c e s s a r i ly c h a n g e d in v o lv e m e n t w ith the a u th o r. T h e im p a s s io n e d Politically, perspective was lo st. The linear m e n In the s a m e w a y a m a n b lin d f r o m b ir t h r i n g o f h i s v o ic e d ie s out. Y o u a r e left to fo llo w chalp of command was broken since only writing w o u ld fin d a d iffe re n t lif e a ft e r r e c e iv in g h is the t r a c k s left b y h i s m in d at y o u r le i s u r e . could reach authority out to the ends of the empire, e y e s ig h t . No longer the emotional, individual, one-to- only a culture based on the specialization ofwriting It’ s no new thing to notice how our lives one relation of your speaking and another man’s could suffer die bureaucratic specialization of an change when a new medium appears. McLuhan listening. Now the rational, objective, standard­ em pire. In the middle ages people gave up their sa y s, however, that we’ve been numb to a full ized relation of written comm unication. Super­ jobs and went back to ro le s . The explosion at sense of that change, perceiving only the sur­ stition dies and reason* is born, the objective the em pire dissipated Into a multitude of feudal fa ce disturbance of our lives and re maining replacing the subjective. It becomes possible to e sta te s. oblivious to the shifting of the deepest cu r­ lay down the same law fo r everybody since par­ Gutenberg re lit the fuse. His printing p ress ren ts underneath. Simply, like our feeling when ticipation In the written word is the sam e for ended die subjective ecstasy of the Middle Ages p art of our body is suddenly overworked in everybody. T ribal chieftains disappear and dem­ and inaugurated an age of specialization die new circum stan ces, we become numb to a sense o cracy is born. Roman Em pire only Murad a t. Perspective extended and strained by a new medium. F o r Specialization is the word, the written word. triumphed in a rt fr om Giotto on. The ro le playing Instance, we started out thinking of the auto­ Solidified in writing, specialized a s the letters of ru ra l society, with Its decentralized local mobile a s the h orseless c a rria g e , not re a lizing which a re bolted together to form a word, one authority ended. The city rone stronger. bow very much fa ste r we would be running. m an's viewpoint contributes individually to the The life of die city is specialized, fragmented McLuhan tells us that we mistakenly see forming of a world. No longer the iconic cal­ life . A political Mite runs things, a working d e s s the effects at a medium, not in Its form , but in ligraphy, within which the attention of a whole makes things, a m erchant c la s s sells things, an die content of the form . F o r example, printing culture elaborates a mythic meaning. Now each arm y defends things. Nor a r e these positions produced the assembly line and the emphasis w rite r speaks a different voice, his own point of bestowed a s ro le s; they a r e jobs that can be on the individual that m arks la te r western cul­ view. But die medium Is the real m essage. Man fhawgwA. Each life Is fra gmented also . Into tu re . This emphasis has long been attributed just couldn't specialize his thoughts before sep arate periods of work and play. T he barbarian to die Judeo-Cbrlsdan ed dc, but die m ore basic phonetic writing. With its discovery, specializa­ division at tim t frm day and eight Is exploded cau se is the form by which that eddc has been tion is forced. T he mythic reality of Hom er’s into 2 4 hours, 1440 minutes. 86,400 seconds. transm itted through the la st 500 y e a rs—the “ Odyssey" and “ Iliad” with their oral poetry T he society based on die city is life on the printed word. P rim is uniform, continuous, Is fragmented, exploded Into the points of view assem bly line, evolved on lines of uniform type. H y « r and specialized. E ach lette r Is a sm all of Plato and Aristotle by the rational, unemotional The point-of-vlew, rational objectivity at the cog in the verbal machine, u seless by Itself, alphabet. printing p re ss mmMmI maw to get a t the lews at «M hH its ■ ” ! ! significance to that of the le tte r The world expands. T here was Isolation In scien ce that in o n m ehled them to asiw i uci asm to It, building significance a s our eye die a»wiwni barbarian world* d iscre te , individual die assem bly line, h the i Beemhly line pro ce ss , moves along the line from left to right. societies each with Its own culture, its own each makas a ^»orlaHzed contrtbutlan to a W ords bene power over us e s die means by people tied In with each other by th eir deep f t r id w i product. Som eone a t the head of die which w e communica te . Laying th e n out in participation In the spoken w ord. With line tells tvarynwe how things a r e supposed to uniform lines laid the world out in sim ilar the phonetic alphabet, transm itted on papyrus work and the jdnd of contribution each man is tc lin es. We have not noticed dds effect, saya ev er newly built roads, the spoken word took m ake. McLuhan, because w e have not payed attention an a different power. It did not subjectively P olitically, h h i i f nationalism and ultimately to the form of our media, but rath er to their Involve, a s It did the tribal man; It objectively mwiiMrim i m - McLuhan'■ principles te ll us eantaac, which i s always another modia. Reading commanded the Roman citizen . The roods built that it a ll cam e from the assembly line of the a book a t 2 a j n ., w e perceive dm beak and Rome m ore than Rome built die roods. book, w here one man’ s point of view Is rmt down not th e wnKttnm that gives the beak to us, the In the Roman Em pire specialization readied the lines of the page, each word and each latter light a t our bedside. Actually, we d m 't per­ s new height. The arm y, fo r example, was no i m M » ! its own apodal oonrrlbiwlon to die finished ceive die book a s a form d t h r , sin ce we longer the whole citizenry. Agammenon and product, a world-view. a r e r e c eptive only to its content, laanan speech. Menelaeus had u t i their c o u n tie s to the T r o - The urban culture of the 19th Century asked But speech, a book, an e le c tric light have jsn w a rs . Now the Roman citizen watched the man to ■ «> » w « < « - No provision was i s ca rrie d on through such media o s Egyptian « u f e f a r t m iiH — i individuality. te lls us how: hleroglyphlca o r c w m . c h a ra cte rs. These M adia, by altering the environment, evoke in us hi Ms the m m at the middle ages form s a r e a s much pictures a s words and thus unique ratios of sense perceptions. The ex­ w as relatively isilfis in In sen a peasant o r reach all die senses, producing and reinforcing tension of any one sense a lte rs the way we a noble o r a p rie st. His emotional life, however, the Intens e pardcipattan in society which aural rMfiit and act— the way we perceive the world. w as richly tndMdnel in Ms au ral cu ltu re. Each cultures involve. «tngi> soul had a starrin g ru le la a drama of When these ratios change, men change. When somebody talks to you, you a r e involved. good and evlL Y et dds drama had validity only The abandoning of the au ral meant the accenting You must actively accept o r re je ct die speaker. of the visual. Sound involves the h earer, but ( C o n t in u e d o n p a g e II.) Emotion la necessarily a p art of th is. The aural written speech with the phonetic alphabet ended Thursday, January 18, 1968 9 TELEVISION Steed and Mrs. Peel survive the axe again By STU ART RO SEN TH AL Wintle and Clemmens took the traditional A n a s t r o n o m e r t r a i n s h i s le n s on V e n u s , c u ­ past of England and die current "swinging** r i o u s l y o b s e r v in g the u n u s u a l b r il lia n c e o f the Image of die Isle a s embodied in the ch aracters p la n e t w h ile, u n n o tice d b y h im , h i s c u p o f coffee marking the switchover of the series to film. b e g in s to b o il a u to n o m o u s ly . S o o n sw ea t i s T his brought die resou rces of a large motion p o u r in g f r o m h i s v is a g e . A n d then a sud d e n picture organization to die program . With die s ile n t b u r s t o f b r ig h t w h ite ligh t. appointment at Julian Wintle ("T h e Human Jun­ W h e n the s c i e n t i s t 's s w iv e l c h a ir h a s stop p e d gle” ) and B rian Clemmens to die producing r e v o lv in g , he i s q u ite d ead a n d h i s h a i r h a s ch ores, ’ T h e A ven gers" took on an entirely b e e n b le a c h e d q uite w h ite. new aspect. A. f r a m e f r o m a c o m ic s t r ip c o m e s a b ru p t ly to life . A n a g ile y o u n g la d y i s e n g a g e d in c o m b a t of Steed and M iss Rigg’ s Emma P eel, respectively, w ith a la rg e , b ir d l ik e c r e a t u r e w h ile b oth a r e and set them against the picture postcard pan­ su sp e n d e d , c o n t r a r y to g r a v it y , f r o m the c e ilin g . oram a of B ritain, a s illustrated In tourist bro­ J u s t a s the w o m a n a p p e a r s doom ed, a s t y l is h ly chures. The England of 'T h e A vengers" Is d r e s s e d m a n re p le t e w ith b o w le r a n d c r a v a t for removed from the workaday world of London; e n t e r s the f ra y , s t r ik in g the w in ge d op p on en t w ith rather, it Is as the country is promoted over­ la r g e p la c a r d s r e a d in g " B a m a n d " Z a p ” w h ile seas; idyllic fields and stately mansions, atom the so u n d t r a c k b a n g s o u t the B a tm a n them e. stations and modern industry. T h i s p a ro d y o f t e le v is io n c o m ic b o o k h e r o e s Steed, in his tastes, represents the tradition a n d the s im u la t e d in t e r p la n e t a r y in v a s io n a r e and qualities that we tend to associate with the t y p ic a l p lo y s o f the m o s t p e r s is t e n t and in ­ B ritish way of life—gracious living, family h eir­ c o r r i g i b l e s e r i e s e v e r to a p p e a r on A m e r ic a n looms, a cultivated appreciation of food, wine t e le v is io n . and horseflesh, exquisite tailoring, a high-handed way with underlings, and various endearing eccen­ tricities and ch aracter quirks. The very B ritish nature of the series is further D r a m a ’s h is t o r y exemplified by its style of plotting. The initial sequence la calculated to engage the view er’ s T h e " A v e n g e r s " c u lt I s a s e le c t b ut v o c if ­ curiosity with earns blzzare occurren ce which is e r o u s g r o u p w h ic h h a s s u c c e e d e d tw ic e in r e s c u in g seldom tmilalasd until the minutes. the h ig h ly s u c c e s s f u l B r i t i s h s e r i e s f r o m the a x e These openers have Included the reversion of s o f the A m e r ic a n B r o a d c a s t l n g C o m p a n y p r o g r a m ­ grown man .to childhood behavior, dm rising of a m in g de p a rtm e n t. N o t ic e o f c a n c e lla t io n f o r d ie ghost, and a hijacking by an invisible foe. p r o g r a m f o llo w in g i t s in c lu s io n a s a m id s e a s o n As the hour develops, the viewer finds himself re p la c e m e n t in M a r c h o f 1966 g e n e ra t e d a n Increasingly In the dark, totally unable to decipher e n o r m o u s d e lu g e o f v ie w e r r e s p o n s e , a l l f a v o r in g the on-screen manifestations. Virtually always, the co n tin u a tio n o f the sh o w . the explanation of the initial phenomenon Is even m ore absurd than the observed occurence. Y et, C o n se q u e n tly , w h e n m id s e a s o n c a m e a ro u n d the televiewer is so relieved to be free of die la s t y e a r , the n e tw o rk p r o ff e r e d 18 new e p is o d e s , excruciating suspense and confusion which have p lu s r e r u n s . H o w e v e r , f lo u n d e rin g r a t i n g s (w h ic h accrued, that he is willing to accept the unmasking m o s t li k e ly w e re b ro u g h t o n b y i t s 10 p u n . of a time machine aa a mansion on a turntable, F r i d a y t im e s l o t — a n in c o n v e n ie n t t im e f o r the of an ectopiarnnlc manifestation as the machin­ g r o u p w h ic h m o s t a p p r e c ia t e s the show ) co u p le d ations of an underground arm y of 10,000 waiting w ith p ro d u c t io n p r o b le m s a t A s s o c ia t e d B r i t i s h to conquer England, and of die reversions to E l s t r e e S tu d io s, p ro m p te d a se c o n d c a n n in g . childhood a s e f f e c t s at a psychedelic drug, O n c e a g a in , fe e d b a ck to the w eb w a s s u ffic ie n t ­ absorbed through the fingertips. l y s t r o n g to ’in d u c e a t h ir d " s e c o n d s e a s o n ” r e s u r r e c t io n . T r a n s m i s s i o n o n A B C c o m m e n c e d J a n . 10. B iz z a r e t w is t s B u t the h i s t o r y o f " T h e A v e n g e r s ” e x te n d s The bizzare twists of the scripts are heightened b a c k to 1961 w h en a s t r a ig h t e s p io n a g e d ra m a by the various production values. While the b y the s a m e n a m e p r e m ie r e d o n B r i t i s h In d e ­ cam era work on most television series tends to pe n den t T e le v i sio n . be straightforward and unimaginative, "The T h e s t o r y lin e o f the f i r s t se g m e n t fe a tu re d Avengers” people consistently employ unusual a y o u n g d o c to r, p la y e d b y Ia n H e n d r y w ho s e t cam era angles, manipulating connotations through ou t to a v e n g e the death o f h i s fia n c e , w h o w a s perspective. A head-on shot of die bottom of a a c c id e n t a lly sh o t in a L o n d o n s t r e e t b y t h u g s stilt used a s a ram rod, or an ant's eye view of o n a n e s p io n a g e c h a s e . T h e d o c t o r 's c r u s a d in g a corpse, is commonplace on die program . z e a l a g a in s t the k i l l e r s w a s c o -o p te d to a s s i s t The archetypal ’ ’Avengers” shot has been described a s " a dead foce seen upside down the B r i t i s h S e c r e t S e r v i c e b y u n d e r c o v e r agen t J o h n S te e d ( P a t r ic k M a c N e e ) . suspended in n washing m achine." This s o t of dram atic cam era angle typifies the se rie s’ non­ ■M a cN ee, though, w a s a d v e r s e to d ie s e r i o u s n e s s chalant treatment of violence, which along with o f the f o r m a t a n d c o n s p ir e d to in t ro d u c e the sex-appeal and shaded comedy, runs ram part to n g u e - in -c h e e k s la n t w h ic h h a s c o m e to be throughout. the te le s e r i e s ' m o s t s a lie n t fe a tu re . In fret, it la Just this elegance of presentation which commutes excessive violence (It is a r a r e episode when fewer than five men a re dis­ T h e p a r t n e r s h ip b etw ee n p r o f e s s io n a l Stee d posed of in some uncommon manner) from a n d “ ta le n te d a m a t e u r ” H e n d r y la m e d f o r 2 6 blemish to vlrture. e p is o d e s , u n til H e n d r y w e nt into m o t io n p ic t u r e s Sometime In March, "T he Avengers’* will a n d a se c o n d s e r i e s w a s m ou nted in 1962 w ith undergo another transition when Linds T hor son M a c N e e c o n tin u in g a s S te e d a n d H e n d r y ’s c h a r ­ rep laces Diana Rigg, becoming MacNee’ s fourth a c t e r r e p la c e d b y a n o t h e r a m a t e u r a s s is t a n t , partner. M r s . C a t h e r in e G a le , a n a tt ra c tiv e w id o w of Associated BrltlshCorporation, which produces ind e pen dent m e a n s a n d s k i l l s r a n g in g f r o m a n ­ the program , prom ises that the Thorson ch arac­ t h r o p o lo g y to judo. te r, T a ra King, will be the daughter of a p ros­ perous form er and have all the skills associated T h i s c o u p lin g la s t e d t h ro u g h tw o s e t s o f 26 with an open-air life in addition to the benefits e p is o d e s each, b o o s t in g ‘T h e A v e n g e r s ” to the of a finishing school education. top sp o t in d ie E n g l i s h r a t in g s a n d c r e a t in g a T a ra King will be a completely different n a tio n a l fo llo w in g f o r M a c N e e ^ i d c o - s t a r H o n o r individual from M rs. Peel and M rs. Gala, being B la c k m a n , w h o se booted, b la c k le a t h e r im a g e le d "essentially warm, feminine and sexy, with an to h e r c a s t in g a s P u s s y G a lo r e in " G o l d f i n g e r . ” exuberant and Jaunty approach to her adventures. T h e s e 52 s e g m e n ts , on videotape, w e re s o ld She will do some fighting, but will be known to ab ro a d , w in n in g w id e r e c o g n itio n f o r the d uo in scream for help on occasion, and will rely m ore s u c h c o u n t r ie s a s C a n a d a , A u s t r a l ia a n d Ita ly . on feminine guile than muscular skill.” T h e M a c N e e - B la c k m a n s h o w s h a v e n e v e r b een Even the production staff will be changed, s e e n in the U n it e d S ta te s. with Gordon Scott, John B ryce and Jack Green­ T h e b ig ch a n g e c a m e w ith the in tro d u c tio n wood taking over from Wintle and Clemmens. o f M i s s B la c k m a n ’s re p la c e m e n t, D ia n a R ig g , 1 0 Michigan State News, E a st Lansing, Michigan POETRY P h o to b y M ik e S c h o e n h o fe n C h ild p la y in g B lo n d h a i r fly in g , the little b o y c l im b s the s lid e — Adrift M e t t l f r a m e s h in in g , li k e s i l v e r o n p la y g r o u n d d irt; H a v e the s n o w fla k e s stop p e d C a t c h h i s s m ile : s li p — s lid e — b o u n c e . . . t h e ir w a ltz H e s k id s to la n d in g , m u d o n h i s s h ir t . a c r o s s m y la w n ? “ N o h ig h s; k n u c k le s d o w n t i g h t . . — a t n in e y e a r s old , ( I t ’s m id n ig h t now ) I t ’s S p r in g ; k it e f ly in g t o m o rro w ; T o d a y h i s p r e c io u s b a ll b e a r in g m a k e s h im g la d I ’m no t d e c e iv e d o n e c a n d y ca ne T o b e a liv e ; h e ’s w in n in g b r ig h t m a r b le s , o r t ry in g , t ry in g . A lt h o u g h the g r e e n b a y w in d o w s s u r e ly K i d s p la y tag. the g ia n t s lid e i s b u s y w ith it s t h r ill, T e m p t m e In to t h in k in g ( E ig h t q u ic k y e a r s a go, he sh o t f o r m a r b le s lik e th e y do). T h a t s o m e ic e E n o u g h ! E n o u g h ! I t ’ s tim er f o r so m e t h in g new: i s not b en eath U n d e rn e a th a tre e , w ith sh a d e f o r two; the sn o w W h ic h I s h a ll sa t u ra t e t o m o r r o w m o r n in g I s it h e r v o ic e that m a k e s h im se e th o s e c h e r r y b l o s s o m s O n m y w a y to s c h o o l O n s w in te r d a y, w hen le a v e s a r e d e a d ? — P a u l C a r r lc k O r i s he Just a b o y in lo v e R i d i n g sn o w b o u n d o n a S p r in g t im e s le d ? — P a u l C a r r ic k Free flight T h e b lu e b ird h u r r ie d W ild f lo w e r s wept Trilogy S h e fle w a w a y — w h ile I w ent le a p in g m a d ly C a t c h that beautyl I S ilk e n fe a th e rs w a r m 1 w ant to k n ow w hat h a p p e n s in T h r o u g h c r y s t a l a ir w a y s rid in g , to s u n a t n ig h t g e n tle g u s h o f te n d e rly g lid in g , ed c o m p e n d iu m o f p r i S h e h a d h a d en ough . . . i w ant to know m o r d ia l h a t re d and ( G u e s s I w a s a b itc h ’s b urd e n ) w h at h a p p e n s to s w a n s that r a p e fe a r h a v in g to fin d it s e lf and the o t h e r s te m p le D o w n s h e sent m e at down, dow n, down, 1 w ant to k now that o th e r e n d w h e re it s t o p s it s e n e r g y b urnt, D e p a r t in g on the b e s t o f t e r m s : w hat h a p p e n s to the t re e o f life your s e lf r e s t s in the m i s s in g in n o ce n c e f r o m w hence that k i lle r M e , c o u r t in g death soul w a s b o rn , y e t w ith the a n d sh e w h en i s t r ik e v e r y next sh o t f ly in g h a s t ily a m a tc h d i s m i s s e d o f th e a n cie n t aw ay s c o r n the t e m p le s o f god b e c a m e h i s tom b. 1 w o n d e r w h y I 'm h e r e ? O h y e s , the c lo u d s — T h e y s a v e d m y lif e th e y to ld m e II — M ic h a e l C a lc a te rra in a h u s h H o w o n ly f o o ls c h a s e f ly in g b i r d s w h e re I s the i — P a u l C a r r ic k w h e n thou i s gon e In to w hat g o e s M ic h a * I C a lc a te rra , O kam os ju n io r , Is a thou w h e n it I s gone m a r r ie d stu d e n t m a jo r in g In p h ilo s o p h y . In Paul C a r r ic k , A t la n t a , G a. ju n io r , r e c e iv e d h is p o e try, he sta rts fro m th e b a s is of M a rt in B u b e r ’s p h ilo s o p h iz in g In th e secon d s e c t io n of one o f e le v e n s c h o la r s h ip s to G e o r g e t o w n U n i­ w h en d ie r e a s o n f o r It v e r s i t y ’s W r it e r s C o n fe re n ce d u r in g 1967. H is h is ’’ T r i l o g y . ” He w r it e s s t o r ie s and p la y s i s the 1 a s w a ll. m a j o r Is P h ilo s o p h y . that is gone Thursday, January 18, 1968 f f BOOKMARKS Environment: key to new theater B y D A V ID G IL B E R T t h e s e p la y s a r e c o n s c io u s ly c o n c e rn e d w ith them e, m o t ifs, c h a r a c t e r iz a t io n o r w hat not, b u t a im at T h e s t a r t lin g r e a liz a t io n h a s c o m e that the p r o v id in g a s c o m p le te a n e x p e rie n c e a s p o s s ib le . th e a tre , a s it e x i s t s today, i s p e r h a p s no lo n g e r T h e c o n c e rn I s w ith the r e la t io n s h ip b etw ee n a c to r a v ia b le f a r m a f c o m m u n ic a tio n s. a n d a ud ien ce, a n a tte m p t to c o n fro n t the a u d ie n ce W it h t ic k e t s to o f f - B r o a d w a y p ro d u c t io n s c o s t ­ w ith life , a n d to s e e w h at both a c t o r s a n d a u d ie n ce in g $ 7 .5 0 a p iece, a n d $ 2 5 o r m o r e on B r o a d w a y , a r e g o in g to d o a b out it. th e n th e a tre i s r e a c h in g v e r y few p e o p le indeed. T h i s p a r t ic u la r a ttitu d e h a s c a u s e d a n u m b e r oi I n a d d ition , it i s d iffic u lt f o r the a u d ie n c e to p e o p le to do s o m e r e a l th in k in g ab out the the a tre , e x p e rie n c e the in t e n se f e e lin g o f in v o lv e m e n t in a a m o n g th e m d ra m a c r i t i c W a lt e r K e r r , w h o said , p la y w h en it i s se a te d s o f a r a w a y f r o m the p r o d u c ­ ‘T h e w h o le t h e a tr ic a l p r o c e s s it s e lf n e e d s to be t io n th a t the a c t o r s ’ f a c e s a r e v is i b le o n ly t h ro u g h reth ought; a n d t h is f s the m o m e n t f o r d o in g it,” op e ra g la s se s. R i c h a r d S c h e c h n e r, e d it o r o f ’T h e D r a m a R e ­ I n w hat a p p e a r s to b e a n a n s w e r to t h is p r o b ­ v ie w '* ( f o r m e r ly “ T u la n e D r a m a R e v ie w ” ) p r o ­ le m , S a m S h e p a rd ’s F i v e P l a y s i s a p a r t ic u la r l y p o se d , “ L e t d ie t h e a tr e s c o m e dow n, a n d le t ’s not s ig n if ic a n t d ocu m e nt, f o r i t p r o v id e s a n e x c e lle n t r e b u ild them . T h e r e ’s so m e th in g b e tte r to d o .” In t ro d u c t io n to a n in n o v a tio n i n c o n t e m p o r a r y T h e o n ly a lte rn a t iv e to d a y s e e m s to b e the th e a tre : d ie E n v ir o n m e n t a l T h e a t r e . e x p e rim e n t s b e in g co n d u c te d b y the E n v ir o n m e n ­ E x a m p le : “ I c a r u s ’s M o t h e r " i s about a p ic n ic . t a l T h e a t r e : f o r s a k in g the th e a tre s a n d sta g e s I t ’s a ls o a b o u t r e a l it y a n d tru th a n d illu s io n , and f o r the s t r e e t s . T h i s i s p r e c is e ly w h at the B r e a c g a m e s p e o p le p la y , a n d the f e a r o f the b o m b . B u t a n d P u p p e t T h e a t r e a n d the T e a t r o C a m p e s ln c in a w a y, it h a s n o th in g to do w ith a n y th in g a t a ll. h a v e done. A s P e t e r S c h u m a n n s a y s : A n d i f y o u d o n ’t s e e the p la y , then it i s e v e n l e s s “ I c a r u s ’s M o t h e r " i ll u s t r a t e s so m e t h in g that i s W e ’v e had o u r b e s t - a n d s o m e t im e s o u r o f a n yth in g. v a lid e v e n in the r e a d in g o f S h e p a rd ’s p l a y s : T h e y m o s t s tu p id - T o r e a d o f a s itu a t io n lik e t h is i s to r e a d d ie a r e u n b e lie v a b ly , v it a lly a liv e . W ith o u t k n o w in g p e r f o r m a n c e s in d ie s tr e e t s. S o m e t im e s y o u s c r i p t o f the m o v ie “ B lo w u p ” : y o u a r e n ’t h it b y w h y, y o u fe e l a lm o s t a s though y o u h a v e not m ake a n y t h in g m u ch . B u t the effe c t o f s e e in g S h e p a r d 's o n ly w it n e s s e d b ut p a rtic ip a t e d in so m e th in g . I f y o u r p o in t b e c a u s e y o u r p o in t i s s im p ly p la y i s to f i l l y o u w ith p r e p o s t e r o u s f e e lin g s and i t ’s not quite r e a l, a t le a s t it ’s v e r y m u c h a liv e . to b e th e re y o u fe e l the sw e a t that d ie c h a r a c t e r s a r e s u p ­ T h i s typ e o f p la y — a n e x p e rim e n ta l r a t h e r than in d ie stre e t. p o s e d to b e e x h ib itin g , a n d y o u a r e c o n s c io u s o f a a d is e n g a g e d p la y — i s re p re se n t a t iv e o f the O f f - T h e id ea o f c o n fro n ta tio n i s a tre m e n d o u s ly s t r o n g d e s ir e to g o to the b a th ro o m . A n d m a yb e , o f f - B r o a d w a y p la y s b e in g p re se n te d in c o ffe e ­ e x c it in g one. I t i s th e s t a r t lin g effect o f life f o r o n e m om e n t, y o u a r e s c a r e d — s c a r e d o f w hat h o u s e s a n d s u b b a se m e n ts lik e C a f e L a M a m a , r e a r i n g u p o n i t s h in d le g s a n d s u d d e n ly in v o lv ­ y o u d o n ’t k now . C a f e C ln o , a n d J u d s o n P o e t s ’ T h e a t r e . F e w of in g y o u in a p a tte rn that y o u h a v e n e v e r seen b e fo re . I t is , in tw o w o r d s , li v i n g p o e try . O n e w o n d e r s w hat d ie effe c t w o u ld b e o n d ie M ic h ig a n S ta te c a m p u s i f the th e a tre d e p a rtm e n t, P . A . C . , o r e v e n “ in v o lv e d in d iv id u a ls * ’ w e re to a c t out ten m in u te d r a m a s in fro n t o f B e r k e y H a ll o r o n the b r id g e n e xt to B e s a e y . T h i s typ e o f th e a tre i s e s s e n t ia l to the v it a lit y o f th e a tre in p r o v o k in g thou ght en d in v o lv e m e n t. O n d i i s c a m p u s, lik e n o w h e re e lse , d ie p la y ca n h a v e i t s m o s t p ro fo u n d effect o n y o u n g m in d s s t i l l in the p r o c e s s o f fo rm u la t in g the w o r ld o f t h e m s e lv e s . I s u g g e s t th a t the th e a tre d e p a rtm e n t c o n s id e r t h i s typ e o f thea tre, f o r it h a s a un iq u e p o te n tia l c o n trib u t io n . N o o n e w o u ld e v e r k n o w f o r s u r e w he th e i th e d r a m a in w h ic h h e w a s in v o lv e d w a s r e a l o r p re te n d e d . A n d a c r o s s d l l s b o u n d a ry w e m u s t c o n tin u a lly p a s s , n e v e r k n o w in g i n o u r m o s t r e e l im a g in a t io n o r o u r m o s t Im a g in a tiv e r e a l it y w h o w e a r e , b u t o n ly o u r r e la t io n s h ip to o t h e r s a n d the O t h e r. COLLAGE E r ic P la n ln — E x e c u t iv e E d it o r C o n t r ib u t o r s . . . D a v e G ilb e r t , L a w ­ re n c e B a t t is t in l, M it c h M ille r , J im R o o s , S t u a r t R o s e n t h a l, J e ff J u s t in , J im Y ou s— l i n g , In g e , P a u l C a r r i c k , M i c h a e l C a l c a ­ te rra . P h o to b y B o b Iv in s ■sasassi McLuhan’s media message (C o n t in u e d f r o m page 8 .) c o u n t r ie s c o u ld f in d o n ly in m a r c h in g a r m i e s . V ie t n a m . W e a r e In v o lv e d w it h o t h e r s w h e t h e r i f e l l 's o c i e t y r e c o g n iz e d it b y s q i p l y l n g a s t a g e B u t o u r w o r ld I s c h a n g in g a n d M c L u h a n t e lls w e l i k e It o r n o t. W h e t h e r th e t e le v is io n s h o w s a n d s u p p o rtin g c h a r a c t e r s . u s ho w : c a r t o o n s o r o p e r a s , o n e t h in g I s c m s i s i the T h e m o r a l i t y p la y h a s e v o lv e d In t o th e th e a te r T h e m e d iu m , o r p r o c e s s , at o u r tim e — e le c t r ic m e d ia o f th e la s t tw o d e c td o o a r e c r e a t in g a n o f t h e a b s u r d . T h e c u lt u r e at t h e p r in t in g p r e s s t e c h n o l o g y — i s r e s h a p in g a n d r e s t r u c t u r in g a u r a l, interd e p e n d e n t s o c ie ty , a s o c ie t y o f in ­ r e p la c e d e m o tio n a l in d iv id u a lit y w it h in d iv id u a lit y p a t t e r n s o f s o c ia l In te rd e p e n d e n c e a n d e v e r y v o lv in g s p e e c h r a t h e r th a n a b s t r a ctin g p r in t . at fu n c t io n . T h e s p e c ia liz a t io n at the f a c t o r y a s p e c t o f o u r p e r s o n a l l i f e . . . E le c t r i c E l e c t r i c c i r c u i t r y h a s c o n n e c te d the w o r ld in to a s s e m b l y lin e , ho w e v e r , r e s u lt e d i n m a s s p r o ­ te c h n o lo g y f o s t e r s a n d e n c o u r a g e s u n ific a t io n a t r ib a l v illa g e . d u c tio n . C u t o f f f r o m a l i v i n g e m o tla o a l in ­ a n d in v o lv e m e n t . v o lv e m e n t I n s o c ie t y b y w e s t e r n c u l t u r e 's s h if t T h u s , th e c h a s m b etw ee n y o u th a n d t h e ir f r o m a u r a l s p e e c h t o v i s u a l p r in t in g , fra g m e n t e d T h e pho ne In y o u r h o m e that r e a c h e s v ir t u a l ly p a r e n t s , b s tw e s a to d a y’s d l s s s m a n d to d a y ’s I n t h e i r o w n li v e s , m e n s o u g h t s a m e w a y to e v e r y o t h e r h o m e I n A m e r ic a , the t e le v is io n that e s t a b lis h m e n t i s m e r e th a n a g e n e r a t io n g a p . w p w « t h e ir e m o tio n a l f o r c e . t u r n g th e w h o le c o u n t r y in t o o n e l i v i n g r o o m , It h a s th e d is t a n c e that e x i s t s between lit e r a t e T h e a s s e m b l y H « * « o f p r in t a n d f a c t o r ie s h a v e r e v e r s e d th e e x p lo s io n o f p r in t . W e a r e m e n a n d t r ib a l m a n . A n d the c o n flic t I s Im a g e d ■ n w h lw l th e i«»n«w m a s s p ro d u c t io n o f th e to­ b e in g im p lo d e d b e c k in t o s u r a l c u ltu re , a p r o c e s s I n In t e r n a tio n a l r e la t io n s . T h e a d v a n c e d n a t io n s ’ t a lit a r ia n s ta te . T o t a l it a r i a n is m i n G e r m a n y , that c o m p a r e s i n v io le n c e to th e 5 0 0 y e a r o ld i m p lo s io n i s e n c o t sir e r ln g th e e x p lo s io n o f b a c k ­ It a ly , R u s s i a , a n d f h i M h a s r e s u lt e d a s a n e x ­ v is u a l e x p lo s io n a s the v io le n c e o f h y d ro g e n f u s io n p lo s io n w h e n t h e e m o tio n a l In v o lv e m e n t o f a n a u r a l w a rd c o u n t r ie s . F r o m M c L u h a n ’s p r i n c i p l e s c o m p a r e s to a to m ic f i s s i o n . it s e e m s o b v io u s that, a s in n o o t h e r a ge , u n d e r­ c u lt u r e t r ie d to c o n v e r t r a p i d ly to a v is u a l in ­ d u s t r i a l c u lt u r e . I n R w g U n d a n d A m e r ic a the M e d ia in th e p a st h a v e e xten ded p a r t s o f o u r s t a n d in g a n d c o o p e ra tio n a r e needed. O t h e r ­ t r a n s it io n w e n t m o r e s lo w l y . T h e B r i t i s h E m p i r e b o d ie s . E le c t r ic m e d ia , h o w e v e r, h a v e e x t e r n a l­ w is e , c o n s id e r in g m a n ’ s dep th in v o lv e m e n t l a iz e d o u r w h o le c e n t r a l n e r v o u s s y s t e m s . W e tod ay* s w o r ld , th e e x p lo s io n s w i l l b e c o m e p h y s ic a l a n d th e A m e r ic a n f r o n t ie r a b s o r b e d th e v is u a l « p l o s i o n , o f f e r in g th e v is u a l s p e c t a c le a u r a l c a n h e a r a n d s e e a n d e v e n f e e l the r i f l e s h o t s In 1 2 Michigan State News, E a s t Lansing, Michigan Thursday, January 18, 1968 Vietnam before the West ( C o n t in u e d f r o m p a g e 5 .) p e r o u s a n d c o m p a r a t iv e ly h a p p y la n d . T h e p o w e r o f w h ic h it w a s a n In t e g r a l p e r t a n d I t s p r o ­ o f th e s ta te w a s c o n s id e r a b le a n d A n n a m w a s o n t e c t o r a g a in s t e x t e r n a l a g g r e s s i o n . H a d V ie t ­ In c o m p e te n t o f f ic ia ls , a n d that th e C h in e s e n a t io n th e v e r g e o f e x te n d in g I t s d o m in a tio n o v e r C a m ­ n a m b e e n s p a r e d f r o m th e r a p a c it y , a g g r e s s i o n h a d f c H « f a r b e h in d th e n e w ly In d u s t r ia liz e d W e s t b o d ia a n d L a o s . T h e h e a r t o f t h is v ia b le sta te a n d c o n q u e st o f th e W e s t , It m ig h t w e ll h a v e I n t e c h n o lo g ic a l d e v e lo p m e n t (a n d e s p e c ia lly I n w a s. n o lo n g e r H a n o i, b u t H u e . T h i s p e r io d w a s a d ju s t e d to the m o d e r n ln d u s t r ih l w o r ld i n I t s th e t e c h n o lo g y o f w a rfa r e )« In d e e d I n m a n y r e s p e c t s th e a p o g e e o f A n n a m . o w n w a y ( lik e J a p a n d id ) a n d s u c c e e d in g g e n e r a ­ It w a s a t r u l y inde pen dent s ta te a n d m a s t e r t io n s m ig h t h a v e b e e n s p a r e d th e s u f f e r in g , D u r i n g th e r e i g n s o f th e t h r e e c a p a b le e m ­ O f I t s o w n d e s t in y a lth o u g h , li k e K o r e a a n d m i s e r y a n d a n g u is h w h ic h h a s to rm e n te d that la n d p e r o r s w h o fo llo w e d d a L o n g , th e m o r a l a n d c e r t a in o t h e r s ta te s. It r e c o g n iz e d the m i l d a n d f o r n e a r ly a c e n t u ry . In t e lle c tu a l In flu e n c e o f C h in a a g a in b e c a m e a c t u a lly b e n e fic ia l " s u z e r a i n t y " of im p e r ia l C h in a p re d o m in a n t. T h e s e V ie t n a m e s e r u l e r s , li k e a s th e c e n t e r a n d c u s t o d ia n o f the c iv iliz a t io n N e x t: T h e F r e n c h c o n q u e st a n d l o s s o f V ie t n a m . th e C h in e s e , r e g a r d e d th e W e s t e r n e r s a s a r ­ r o g a n t a n d a g g r e s s i v e • • b a rb a ria n s*' w h o w e r e p o b e k e p t a t a s s a f e a d is ta n c e a s p o s s ib l e . P o ­ l i t i c a l p o w e r w a s c e n t r a liz e d I n d ie h a n d s o f the s o v e re ig n , a n d a l l A n n a m e s e c it iz e n s w e r e r e ­ g a r d e d a s e q u a ls b e f o r e h im . E d u c a t io n w a s m a d e w id e ly a v a ila b le , a n d a d m in is t r a t o r s w e r e r e c r u it e d f r o m the c it iz e n r y a t la r g e , a s I n C h in a , b y m e a n s o f c i v i l s e r v i c e e x a m in a t io n s r a t h e r t h a n o n the b a s i s o f b ir t h . T h e lit e r a t i, w h e t h e r o r not th e y w e r e a d m in is t r a t o r s , c o m p r is e d the m o s t re s p e c t e d s o c ia l c l a s s . A lt h o u g h t h e e m p e r o r , a s I n C h in a , w a s r e g a r d e d a s the S o n o f H e a v e n w h o s e p o w e r s w e r e a b so lu te , h e d id n o t e x e r c is e p o w e r a h a a liite ly a n d r e lie d on m a n y c o u n c ilo r s f o r a d v ic e in the a d m in i s ­ t r a t io n o f h i s r e a lm . C o n f u c ia n v a lu e s a n d m o d e s o f ' s o c i a l In t e r c o u r s e p r e v a ile d . O n the lo c a l le v e l, the c o m m u n a l v il la g e e n joye d a w id e m e a s u r e o f a u to n o m y . A s a p r o v e r b p ut It, " T h e la w o f th e k in g y ie l d s to the c u s t o m s o f th e v i l l a g e . " T h e f a m ily , b a se d , o n H ie C o n ­ f u c ia n m o d e l a n d v a lu e s , w a s the b a s ic s o c ia l u n it . T h e b u r d e n o f th e s ta te w a s a c t u a lly lig h t, a n d l a r g e l y c o n fin e d t o th e c o m m u n a l a u t h o r itie s m e e t in g th e v illa g e ’s o b lig a t io n w it h r e g a r d t o t a x e s, d ie c o r v e e , a n d th e s u p p o rt o f the s o l d i e r s o f th e Im p e r i a l a r m y . J u s t a t th e H i m w h e n th e d e c is iv e F r e n c h In t e r ­ v e n t io n w a s about to t a k e p la c e , then, V ie t n a m w a s a u n ifie d , m ild l y g o v e rn e d , r e la t iv e ly p r o s - M e n d ie in w a r O t h e r th a n t h ro u g h W ilf r e d O w e n ’s e y e s A n d n e w s r e p o r t s , I d o no t know o f w a r . B u t I u s e m u Im a g in a tio n . I s e e tw o a r m i e s a s r o u g h w h ir lin g g r in d s t o n e s . W h ir lin g In in t e n se ly o p p o s ite d ir e c t io n s T o h o n e a w a y a b la d e o f c o n flic t F o r g e d b y th e s a m e h a n d s that In s t a lle d the g r in d s t o n e s . _ T w o g r in d s t o n e s b u m p in g , s h o c k in g P ie c e s o ff t h e ir s u r f a c e s , th e s p lin t e r e d p ie c e s A r c h i n g a w a y In s p a r k s to th e f lo o r . T h e y n e v e r s c r a p e to d ie h u m m in g s h a ft a t c e n t e r T h a t c o n t r o ls th e s c r e a m in g w h ir lin g o f the e d g e s. T h e c o n t r o ll e r le a n s In h i s c h a i r w ith a c u p o f ' c o ffe e , N e v e r q u e s tio n in g th e p r e s e n c e o f th e m a c h in e . B e s i d e s i f It w e r e s t ille d , h e c o u ld no t sta n d the s ile n c e T h a t w o u ld p la c e h im a s a t th e d o o r w a y o f a g r e a t , c a r v e d ro o m ; M a g n ific e n c e f a r a b o v e h i s sta tio n S c o r n in g h im to b e o t h e r th a n h i s fu n c tio n . S o h e I s th e o n e w h o s u g g e s te d a m e th od T o k e e p the s h a ft s w h ir lin g w h ile c h a n g in g s h a tte re d d i s c s . W a r ’ s r e a s o n , s o m e t im e s . I s the c h ild ’ s p le a s u r e A t w ild s p a r k s d y in g in a w h is p e r . W a r k i l l s f r e e d o m b e fo r e k illin g m e n . T h e y g iv e up fre e d o m b ut re t a in It s r e lig io u s a u r a in p u ttin g it f a r f r o m them A s a n Id e a l th e y c a n In v o k e a n d k i l l to a tta in . F o r they ha te the w a y fre e d o m e x p o s e s e a ch m a n to b la m e . A n d that I s w hy w a r w ill n e v e r end. S to p th e s h a ft at c e n t e r. A w a k e the c o n t r o lle r . H e lp h im to b e a r th e s ile n c e Im m o v a b le ih the w a k e o f f re e d o m . J e f f J u s t in