The State News Bi-weekly Magazine Thursday, February 29, I960 The controversy over separation of church and state has been renewed. See story on page 3. Photo by Bob Ivins 2* Thursday, February 2971968 Michigan State News, East Lansing, Michigan 3 B ills s p a r k h o t c o n t r o v e r s y By SUE BROWN The introduction of virtually identical bills in the House and Senate, calling for the appro­ priation of state funds to aid parents of non­ public school pupils, sparked what is expected to become the hottest controversy ever to con­ front the Michigan Legislature. The bills renew the church-state controversy and many Michigan citizens are questioning whether they would break-down the separa­ tion between church and state. Introduced in the legislature last week, the bills would authorize the state to grant $50 annually to the parents of each child attending a nonpublic elementary school and $100 to pa­ rents of each child in nonpublic secondary schools. * In addition, it would provide for increased aid to parents of children attending nonpublic schools in the inner city areas, those areas which are economically and educationally de­ prived. The grants would be $75 for each ele­ mentary school child and $150 for each second­ ary school child. Parents would be required to certify to the state education department that they spent at least the amount of the grant on their chil­ dren's secular education. Schools also would be required to certify that the money was expended on secular education and that the child had attended the school. The bill, costing an estimated $21 million Chief sponsors of the bills are (left to right! Brown, R-Lansing, and Sen. George S. Fitz a year, would be administered by the State gerald, D-Grosse Pointe Park. Board of Education. Chief sponors of the bill Rep. J . Bob Traxler, D-Bay City, Rep. Thomas in the House were Rep. Thomas Brown. R- Lansing. and J . Robert Traxler. D-Bav City. Sen. George S. Fitzgerald. D-Grosse Pointe But at the last minute the number fell to 43. lay teachers in Catholic schools. Lay teach­ Park, and six other Democrats offered the leaving 13 short of the number required for ers make up 44 per cent of all teachers in Senate version. All three men are attorneys. passage in the House. In the Senate, the orig­ Catholic schools today, the report said. Brown and Fitzgerald are Catholics and inal 12 sponsors dropped to eight, 12 below the number needed for passage in that “It would seem ," the Finance Study said, Traxler is an Episcopalian. "to be a broad and legitimate public purpose Fitzgerald said a $200.000 finance study chamber. by the State Department of Education indi­ to conserve the scarce educational resources, Gov. Romney told a news conference in human and material, represented in Michi­ cated that Michigan nonpublic schools Boston that he is opposed to direct state aid gan's nonpublic schools, for these schools must be maintained. There are 333.000 chil­ to nonpublic schools. He declined to take a perform a function that would otherwise have dren in Michigan's nonpublic schools, or one position on the bills introduced in Michigan. to be provided entirely at public expense. out of every seven school children. Traxler “It would be extremely costly to replace said, and without state aid many of them the m aterials, facilities, and personnel of will be forced into the public school system Acting Gov. William Milliken currently the nonpublic schools, especially in metro­ within the next five years. has an attorney investigating tjie legal and politan areas where they serve more than 20 In the 1964-65 school year, there were constitutional aspects of the bill. " I am per cent of the student population, as in Bay 361.000 in nonpublic schools. This number basically sympathetic to the idea of attempt­ City, Grand Rapids, Saginaw and Detroit,” dropped to 346.000 in 1966-67. Traxler said. ing. where we properly and appropriately the Finance Study reported. If all of the 330.000 nonpublic school chil­ can and financially are able, to assist where The C E F said it believes the true value dren transferred to public schools the cost in feasible and where possible." Milliken said. of nonpublic schools to the total community state aid would be $97 million and $108 Groups working for the passage of the bill, cannot be measured by dollars alone. The million in local taxes, annually. Traxler including the Committee for Education Free­ nearly 1.000 Michigan nonpublic schools in said. dom (C E F )-a n organization of persons addition to providing a foundation in moral In addition it would cost $712 million to affiliated with various churches--point to the values guidance,- they said, provide parents build and equip the facilities that would be conclusions of the 1967 Michigan School needed to provide space for this many new with a choice of educational systems, assist Finance Study. parents in meeting state compulsory educa­ public school children, excluding site ac­ J . Alan Thomas, director of the study for tion law. and produce needed teachers, doc­ quisition and interest costs, he added the State Board of Education, listed the “ By giving state aid to nonpublic schools,’’ tors. social workers, lawyers and skilled financial problems facing nonpublic schools he said, “ you might say there will be a $205 workers to service the entire community. as one of the major conclusions in a sum­ million annual savings to the taxpayers of In short, they said, nonpublic schools exist mary of his report. ultimately to serve the needs of the total Michigan.” The downward trend in nonpublic school Without state aid the cost squeeze of citizens, both financially and socially. enrollments in recent years. Thomas said, operating nonpublic schools is expected to "has important financial implications" The C EF also points to the report of continue and will force many more students the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Task for both public and nonpublic education. into public school systems over the next Force on Economic Growth and Opportunity. In more than one community across Mich­ five years, he said. Estimated additional cost igan. nonpublic schools have been forced This report, published last year, recommend­ to Michigan taxpayers for the decline in ed that the government finance the education to close their doors or reduce the number of private school enrollment was placed at grades in their schools, mainly because of of all children regardless of whether they at­ $18 million this year. $30 million in 1968-69. financial problems, he said in his report. tend a public or nonpublic school. $46 million in 1969-70. $65 million in 1970-71 Each closing or reduction increases the pub­ Members of the Task Force from Michigan and $90 million in 1971-72. Traxler said. lic school burden. included Harry B. Cunningham of Detroit, Brown. Fitzgerald and Traxler maintain Declining enrollments and rising costs are president of the S.S. Kresge Co.: H.D. Doan that the measure would be held constitutional. the problems Michigan's nonpublic schools of Midland, president of the Dow Chemical "This bill has been drafted very carefully are having, the report said. Enrollments have Co.: Roy R. Eppert of Detroit, president of to meet the rulings of the U.S. Supreme declined by nearly 10 per cent during the Burroughs Corp.: and Malcolm P. Ferguson Court.' Fitzgerald said. last three years while the number of teachers of Detroit, president of the Bendix Corp. This would be like the G I B ill." Brown in nonpublic schools has been increasing said. "That gives public money to an indi­ The major reason for the increase in the The Task Force urged the three levels of vidual 18 years or older for tuition. This bill number of teachers is the effort to improve government to consider legislation providing would give public money to a parent for the quality of programs in nonpublic schools, financial support for nonpublic schools “ up school. The parent stands in approximately the report said. Teacher salaries also have to the amount of the average expenditure per the same position as a veteran of the wars. " been increased in recent years. pupil in local public schools,” the C EF said. Traxler said four or five other states are currently considering legislation to make The report stated that the two major rea­ It recommended government financing state aid available to nonpublic schools, in­ sons for the tremendous increase in instruc­ of nonpublic schools, the Task Force said, tional costs in nonpublic schools are the de­ because public schools need competition cluding Rhode Island and Louisiana. Previously. 48 of the 110 state representa­ sire of nonpublic schools to pay competitive if they are to improve. tives lined up to sign as sponsors of the bill salaries and the increase in the number of (continued on page 121 Thursday, February 29, 1968 A m e r ic a n in te r v e n tio n . . . B y LAWRENCE H. BATTISTINI To facilitate his personal ambitions he or­ Copyright, 1968 ganized an activist group known as the Na­ Even before the Geneva conference was tional Revolutionary Movement, which in convened, it was realized by many elements in actuality was a Fascist-type organization. On the U.S. Government that Bao Dai had become October 23. 1955. he staged a hastily prepared an almost total liability and that if South Viet­ referendum whereby the voters would choose nam was to be "saved " some new figure would between a monarchy and a republic. In a have to be found around whom the anti­ sense the real choice up to the "v o ters" was communist groups of South Vietnam might Diem or Bao Dai. In the election returns the rally. Finding that man was not easy, for the republic received 98.2 per cent of the votes cast, truth was that in 1951 about everyone who en­ while the monarchy received only 1.1 per cent joyed real prestige among the people had been of the votes cast. However, less than 15 associated with the Vietminh struggle for in­ per cent of those allowed to vote participated dependence. The ubiquitous CIA. however, in the referendum. Actually this was the first soon believed it had found the man-Ngo of a series of fraudulent and deceptive "e le c ­ Dinh Diem, a militant anti-Communist tions." staged primarily to appeal to American Catholic. public opinion and to establish a semblance of At the time of the Geneva conference. Ngo legitimacy. A republic was then proclaimed Dinh Diem was not a popular hero, certainly and Diem was “chosen" President, a position not one to be even remotely compared with he retained for eight years until his assassina­ Ho Chi Minh. whose name had practically tion in November 1963. His powers, as he exer­ become a household word throughout all of cised them, were absolute and dictatorial. Vietnam, the South as well as the North. The militant anti-Communism of Diem and Diem's career up to the time of the Geneva his family, which cam e to share power with conference had by no means been outstanding him, appealed strongly to Washington and in the cause of Vietnamese independence, fitted in neatly with the anti-Communist ob­ although be had expressed disapproval of the session which morbidly dominated U.S. foreign French colonial domination. Certainly he policy. In October 1954 President Eisenhower had not made any great sacrifices or really in effect “anointed" him in a letter which risked life and fortune for the independence pledged the practically unconditional support cause, and he had played no part a t all in the of the United States Government. Eisenhower long, bitter and costly military struggle stipulated that in return for the aid which would anointed pne and that the United States in­ against the French. be made available to his government the tended to keep him in power. During the Japanese occupation of Indo­ United States expected him to undertake Ju st where the United States stood with re­ china he had sought and obtained the protec­ "needed reform s." gard to Prem ier Diem is deducible from a tion of the Kempeitai. the Japanese secret With the assurance of support, financial as very influential report made by Sen. Mike police, allegedly for protection from possible well as political, from the powerful United Mansfield in Washington on October 13. 1954. arrest by the French authorities. While Diem States. Diem confidently went about consoli­ which recommended that if the Diem govern­ enjoyed this protection. Ho Chi Minh was dating his iron control over the country. A flood ment fell, "the United States should consid­ fighting the Japanese. From 1950 to 1953. years of some 860.000 refugees from Xorth Viet­ er an immediate suspension of all aid to Viet­ of bitter Vietminh struggle against the nam. more than 500.000 of whom were Roman nam and the French forces there. " (As is French. Diem was in the United States where Catholics motivated by strong fears of Com­ well known by students of the subject, the he was chaperoned around by “ interested” * munism which U.S. "a ctiv ists" played a part suspension of aid. or the threat to suspend it. parties and endorsed by a number of respected in inflaming, helped to strengthen Diem's has often been used by the United States to American leaders, including Cardinal Spell­ base of support. Generous financial support "sav e" governments from an internal threat man and some prominent liberals. An effort extended by Catholic organizations and the or to bend them to its will, i The next month was made to " s e l l ' him to President Eisen­ U.S. Government for the relief of these refu­ General J . Lawton Collins. Eisenhower's hower as the man who would offer "an inde­ gees redounded to the political advantage of special ambassador, announced in Saigon pendent nationalist alternative " to Ho Chi Diem. that the United States had no interest whatso­ Minh. It appears that by the time Diem left ever in "training or otherwise aiding a Viet­ the United States, his selection as the man Despite the support of the United States, namese army that does not give complete and Washington would support in Vietnam was the prospects did not look too bright for Diem implicit obedience to its prem ier." In fact. practically assured. at the beginning. Ho Chi Minh was still re­ General Hinh was bluntly warned by Gen­ On June 18. 1954. Diem announced that he garded by mpst of the peasants, who made up eral Collins that if Diem were deposed the had accepted an invitation from Bao Dai. at least 70 per cent of the population, as the United States would immediately cut off the head of state, to become Prem ier of the so- great “ national hero" and liberator of the aid. Hinh clearly understood the "sig n als." called Associate State of South Vietnam (South country from foreign domination. Moreover, Two days later hie left the country to go into Vietnam). He took up his duties in this capac­ considerable numbers of South Vietnamese, exile in France. Diem was now in undisputed ity on July 7. about two weeks before the who had not fled or been compelled to go control of the army. Geneva accords were concluded. No doubt North, remained Communists or pro-Commu- Early in 1955 Diem turned his attention to encouraged by certain U.S. elements. Diem nists and were active in the villages. In addi­ the armed groups which were defying him. seemed determined to do all he could to wreck tion, Diem had to deal with several formid­ However, when Diem dispatched troops into the Geneva conference. It was for good reasons able armed groups, such as the Binh Xuyen the rural areas, which were followed by land­ that immediately after his appointment as and two reformist Buddhist sects, the Cao lords demanding payment of back rents from Premier. Mendes-France. the head of the Dai and the Hoa Hao, all of which challenged the peasants and the return of their privileges, French government, told Walter Bedell Smith his authority. many of the Cao Dai and Hoa Hao fled into that the only request he wished to make of the Diem’s first m ajor hurdle, however, in­ the jungles to continue their resistance. The United States was that it use its influence to pre­ volved overcoming the opposition of General peasants, who had been benefitting from the vent Diem “ from needlessly obstructing any Nguyen Van Hinh. the chief of staff, who rural land reform carried out by the Vietminh. honorable truce which the French might make commanded the loyalty o ^ h e army and was resented the loss of their benefits which re­ with the Vietminh."' pro-French in his sen tin w lk. Although Gen­ sulted from the return of the hated, exploita­ As Prem ier, Diem demanded, and was eral Hinh could easily have deposed Diem, tive landlordism. However, with U.S. assist­ granted, complete military as well as full he dared not make the attempt, for. as a for­ ance Diem was able at this time to suppress civil authority. He promptly set himself to mer American technical adviser in South Viet­ all the armed groups. The Binh Xuyen were the task of building up his personal power and nam has written, "the United States had crushed in October 1955. the Cao Dai in Janu­ prestige, undermining the position of Bao Dai. come to the Prem ier's aid ." This is a subtle ary 1956. and the Hoa Hao in April 1956. and eliminating remaining French influence. way of saying that Diem was Washington's With these military successes, according to Philippe Devillers, the Diem regime, "haunted by a strange desire to bring back into being the society of former days, when I .ft u r e m e 11. lUtltislinL p r o f e s s o r o j sttrial s r i r n r r til \ISl lifts there were no sects and no Communists, and etlu cn letl at ttrm en I n iie r x ilv a n il T rin ity ( fillf'jr. I l f r f t f i f t a l reckoning that it would itself be safe in the hi* T h .l). at \a le. S p et ializin g in I .S .- Isian tiff a irs, lit»is ilw tin - future." ruthlessly stepped up its authori­ llior o f six b o o k s in this a rea . H is e x p e r i e n c e int lutles J o u r y ea rs tarianism and repression. This seems to us p r o fe s s o r o f h i s lu r y til S o p h ia I n i v ersify in T o k y o : e x te n s iv e have been encouraged, wrote Devillers. "by trait* I in b. a r o p e nntl Isia: anti s e r r i t e as a n in tellig en t e o f fiv e r certain American activist elements' who tin rin g II o r Itl II a r II. were alarmed by the number of Communist In th e p a st th r e e issu es (.o lla g e has p r e s e n t e d a rtic les by cells and the areas of support which they con­ P ro fe s s o r H attistini d e a lin g tcilh th e hiiUory a n d p s y c h o lo g y o f tinued to have in the rural a rea s." th e I ie tn a m e s e p e o p le . H e g in n in g h is stu d y as f a r b a ck as With the de facto inclusion of South Viet­ 4 0 0 ! ! . ( . . h e has tr a c e d th e h isto rica l ro o ts that h a v e J'ltnver- nam in the American anti-Communist mili­ e d in th e c u r r e n t tear, ( h i e m o r e a rt ic le will fo llo w this fo u r t h tary perimeter in the F ar East, it followed that o n e. In it, P ro fe s s o r H attistini will g iv e his ev a lu a tio n o f o u r a massive purge of every remaining vestige p r e s e n c e in I ietn a m . of Communism in South Vietnam was in or­ der. Encouraged, supported, and even advised, by the U.S. Government. Diem in 1957 oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo (continued on page 5) Michigan State News, Eaat Lansing, Michigan 5 b a c k in g o f N g o D in h D ie m be implemented. The first deadline fixed at however, withdrew all its remaining military (continued from page 4) Geneva was for July 1955. when a consultative forces a t the end of April 1956, three months be­ launched a series of veritable manhunts which conference was to be held between representa­ fore the deadline for the scheduled elections. literally ferreted out everyone suspected of tives of the two Vietnamese governments. Actually France had long before been re­ Communism or pro-Communism as well as On June 6, 1155, North Vietnam warned that placed by the United States as the real power known Communists. it expected the Geneva agreement on the elec­ in South Vietnam. The police forces were greatly increased in tions to be respected. It declared its determina­ North Vietnam still clung to the expectation personnel and. making extensive use of in­ tion “ to continue to implement loyally the formers. employed the most brutal methods. that the elections would be held. In May and Geneva agreem ents." and stated that it was June 1956 North Vietnam repeated its proposal Although the police drive was allegedly aimed prepared to hold the consultative conference on for a consultative conference and negotiations only against Communists, all who in any way July 20 to discuss the gfganization of free gen­ opposed or disagreed with the regime became to establish procedures for “ free elections by eral elections throughout the entire country. It secret ballot.” Even after the deadline fixed its targets, including democrats, socialists, reminded the Diem government that “Viet­ liberals, and adherents of the sects. By 1958 by the Geneva agreements had passed, North nam and the Vietnamese nation constitute a Vietnam continued to propose a consultative the massive police drive against dissenters single entity from all points of view: history, reached its height and was characterized by conference and negotiations for the election. geography, culture, language, habits, and Proposals to this end were repeated in June, the most pitiless tactics. According to De­ customs." This initiative also received a cold, villers: “ A certain sequence of events be­ 1957, in March, 1959, in July, 1959, and even negative response. The Diem government as late as June, 1960. E ach tune the response came classical: denunciations, encircle­ justified its refusal on the ground that the ment of villages, s e a r c h e s and raids, of the Diem government was either silence northern regime was totalitarian, and that or a stinging rejection. Actually if Washington arrests of suspects, plundering, interrogations there was an absence of guarantees. enlivened sometimes by torture (even of inno­ had thrown its support for the holding of the On July 16,1955. Prem ier Diem categorically elections, they could very well have been cent people), deportations and regroupings' declared that “ we did not sign the Geneva of populations suspected of intelligence with staged on an equitable b aas-certain ly on a agreements" and therefore “we are not bound much fairer basis than any elections staged the rebels. " in any way by those agreements, signed The Communists, hunted down pke wild by Diem himself. The simple fact was that against the will of the Vietnamese people.” Washington had long before made up its mind animals, began to fight back and to return He professed to believe that “ although elec­ brutality for brutality. Informers, village chiefs that elections as prescribed by the Geneva tions constitute one of the bases of true d e-, agreements would never be held as long as who had presided over the denunciations, and mocracv. they will be meaningful only on the there was a likelihood of their resulting in a others implicated in the manhunt were condition that they are absolutely free.” Communist victory. sought out and executed when caught. As «1 • * * (Yet free elections were something that were Devillers has put it. 1958 was the year Diem and remained totally unknown in his own went too far. Peasants and others who could With the withdrawal of the French from state, which was a police state by anybody's South Vietnam, the United States literally stand no more of the brutal manhunt began definition.) The North Vietnamese Govern­ stepped in with both feet and by its actions giving assistance to the Communists and the ment protested to the co-sponsors of the Gene­ sects, and increasing numbers of them began and with its purse made it crystal clear that it va conference (Britain and the Soviet Union), intended one way or another to control the di­ deserting the villages to take up arms. But but to no avail. It was perfectly clear that the the ferocity of the manhunt did not diminish in rection of events in South Vietnam. What it Diem government, with full U.S. backing, wanted in South Vietnam was primarily a the least, and the longer it continued and the would not consent to the holding of elections more brutal it became, the greater became the strongly armed, militantly anti-Communist under any conditions. The actual reason was regime. Secondly, it desired a regime that dimensions of the armed resistance. At the that Diem* and his U.S. backers knew that would carry out some reform s to broaden its end of March 1959 Diem candidly admitted he would lose, and lose badly. base of support and take on an aura of legiti­ that “a t the present time Vietnam is a nation North Vietnam, as has been stressed, had macy. It also hoped that the regime would e s­ at w ar." The peasants were now largely lost as counted on France guaranteeing compliance tablish such institutions and political pro­ a support for the Saigon regime. So were in­ with the terms of the Geneva agreements in cesses that, on the surface a t least, it would creasing numbers of other elements, especially South Vietnam. It was also anticipated that look like a “ free” state. The United States the intellectuals. all the big powers which subscribed to the further hoped that, thanks to the sm all popula­ On February 5. 1955. the North Vietnamese agreements would use their influence to see tion of South Vietnam and the vast resources Government proposed (in accordance with the they were carried out. It soon became d ea r, of the United States, South Vietnam might be terms of the Geneva accords) the normaliza­ however, that France, the only big power in a developed into a kind of “ showcase” of the so- tion of relations between the North and the position to enforce compliance with the agree­ called “ free world” in Southeast Asia. South with regard to mail, highways, rail­ ments in the South because it alone bad mili­ Since Diem was the anointed one of Wash­ ways. air and sea traffic, and indicated its tary forces there, intended to withdraw its ington, all-out support, aid, and “ technical desire to cooperate immediately for this forces earlier than had been anticipated. The advice” were extended to establish and con­ end. The proposal was flatly rejected by North Vietnamese Government in vain pro­ solidate Ids undisputed power. Once he seemed Diem with the full support and encourage­ tested: “ It is with you, the French, that we ment of the United States. North Vietham to have been firmly placed hi the saddle, ex­ signed the Geneva agreements, and it is up to repeated this proposal several times, but in travagant efforts employing the cleverest you to see that they are respected." France, every instance was either ignored or indig­ Madison Avenue techniques were made to nantly rebuffed. In justifying his position. B—IS—IBB— BlBSSSS build him up in the minds of Americans a s a Diem declared that the North Vietnamese figure of heroic stature: “a democratic strong proposal had no other objective than to infil­ man,” a “defender of freedom,” a “great trate agents and propaganda into the South. C o r r e c tio n patriot,” and above all, “ the great anti- Actually north and south Vietnam were eco­ Communist fighter of Southeast Asia.” This nomically complementary and necessary to was done by means of laudatory statements each other, for the French had developed h the February 15 issue of Collage la Ir a n respected American leaders, and in more Vietnam as a single economic unit. More­ the third installment of the I h tthHU subtle ways through influencing the press. over tens of thousands of families had been series, page five, column three, the figure hi February 1955 LL Gen. John W. cruelly separated as a result of the term s of the “614,199,299,669” should have read ODaniel, chief of the U.S. m ilitary mission Geneva accords. ‘ ‘$4,169,296,060.'” in Saigon, took charge of the training and or- The Geneva proposals for political reunifi­ (r a t i need on page 8) cation through national elections also failed to is —s— a—a— — — M M t m u m n M m m i ¿ Thursday. February 29, 1968 BO O K M A R K S Religion—and how to deal with it — w _. . . . .■ ■______________ All feel clearly the hypocrisy that Smith , i ___i t - ___ _* i . By DAVID G IL B E R T lambasted: , Dear God -- “ Treat Me Cm L Lard” by Carl F . Burke Why do religious people Associatioa Press, 1968 $1.75 Always know they Paramount News Are so right When they don’t give “ Hew To Become A Bishop Without Being Us a chance to talk? Religious,” by Charles M errill Smith and yet they are vastly more Christian: Pocket Books, 1966 Sic People tell us you will forgive us. Paramount News We don’t worry about you doing it, God, bat what about people “ Are You Running With Me, Jesu s?” like cops, and teachers, by Maleolm Boyd And caseworkers and preachers. Avon Library, 1967 75c Don’t they s’pose to do it too? Campus Books So we hope you’ll help them too. This week is a triple whammy, consisting of A psalm full of "thee 's and "thou' s means three books dealing with religion, and how to nothing to such kids. When asked to respond deal with it. I started with Carl Burke' S T re a t to the Commandment, "Honor thy father and M e C ool, L o rd , as I was very much impressed mother." one of the kids said. "A re you kid­ by his earlier volume of prayers by kids from ding?" Sure, it s humorous, but these kids city streets as spoken in their own language. are deadly serious: the Commandment that C o d I * F o r R ea l. M ao. There is a reality about most of us accept so blithely is ridiculous to a the prayers which pulls you up short out of a kid whose father spends most of his time on middle-class. go-to-Church-on-Sunday com­ drunks, and whose mother is a prostitute. placency. I also picked up Charles Smith's These are kids who aren't tempted, say. to II o k T o tte c o m e I Hi sh o p , which is one of the cheat on a test or speed a little: they are deadliest, most subtle attacks on Sunday drawn to rob. kill and express themselves in Christians and their ministers that I have ever and saints (whom I do not care to analyze) violence. Burke lets them find acceptance for encountered. In addition. I procured a copy of are concerned with God when they pray. their way of life, too. Malcolm Boyd's prayers, an attempt by a As Chaplain of E rie County Ja il, in Buffalo. Malcolm Boyd also saw hope outside the minister to find a prayerbook with meaning N.Y.. Burke began to work with young kids Church for religious expression. He went to for today's people. Boyd succeeds, not just conferences, freedom marches, bars and who had very few illusions to keep up. Once through the use of a new jargon, which was part night clubs, anywhere that people went with you're in ja il, nobody is impressed by what you of the problem with the death-of-God people, used to be. Burke asked his kids to express their loneliness, fears and uptightnesses. but through the application of the new morality, This is why I like the night club bit. themselves on what they felt about God in the the new times, expressed in modern language. In a parish church you seldom can way they felt it. O.K.. so what? guess what’s behind the pious masks G od- Well, some time back, it occurred to me that people wear. Here the masks are off. I’m scared the entire death-of-God issue was merely a Boyd's prayers range from prayers about I feel funny manifestation of the frustration many minis­ racial freedom to meditations about films On my insides ters and theologians felt in attempting, and to prayers dealing with sex. I wish you wus here. failing to communicate adequately with their This is a homosexual bar, Jesus . . . Maybe if I could help somebody congregations. The word “God" had no mean­ This isn’t very much like a church. I’d feel better on the insides ing for them, it signified no particular set of Lord, but many members of the church Ju st doing one good thing concepts for them. and. worst of all. “God" are also here in this bar. Quite a few of F or a change— seemed to provide no kick, have no effect on the men here belong to the Church as Help me do it, God. their parishioners. Baloney. As Smith indicates well as to this bar. If they knew how, Some of the kids Burke works with are no more in his l l o ir T o tt e c o m e I H ish op . half the im­ (continued on page II) than eight years old, others are over twenty. pact of most religious sym bols-“God," the Cross, stained-glass windows, hym ns-is based on nostalgic association: Nothing evokes feelings of nostalgia in faithful Christian churchgoers like a hymn they learned in Sunday School, or sang frequently in the jdear little church of their childhood surrounded a p e rb o u n d s on y o u r by family and friends blasting away with them . . . an avalanche of other r e a d i n g lis t? reveries all mixed together into an Are You Running With emotional omelet which is incredibly M e , Je S U S By Malcolm Boyd tasty to the spirit and providing rich Paperback ........................ 750 nourishment for the soul. Malcolm Boyd’s book of uncommon The real cause of frustration was (and is) that prayer has become a 100,000 copy in this world of increased social awareness, national bestseller. Why? This is ministers rapidly became alarmed that pop prayer, prayer in the row, their congregations not only were not particular­ with the last varnish gone—human ly aware, but did not even think it incumbent life , in all its warmth and love­ upon them to be aware of social problems. And lessn ess, laid bare before God. This if they were aware of them, few felt it neces­ book has become a much discussed sary to commit themselves to any alleviation b estseller and seems certain to be­ of social ills beyond the drafting of a resolu­ come a classic of modern religious tion or two. Smith analyzes one of the reasons expression. for this poor response, which lies in what people 10 BEST-SELLING PAPERBACKS expect from their Church: 6. Good 01* Snoopy The old pro* of the pulpit know that 7. The Country Team they should always aim to do three 8. Hell’s Angels things for and to the customers (con- 9. In Cold Blood gregatioa) in every sermon: 10. Gone With the Wind 1. Make them laugh 2. Make them cry 3. Make them feel religious. What your good Christian people want to worship is not God but themselves, OOKYjDR« although they do not know th is . . . People wish to be told that what they are doing and getting out at life is good, justifiable and acceptable in the eyes of God, or the commu­ nity. Most people do need to be reinforced in their values. There is a vague, uneasy feeling produced by the injunction of Jesus to "take O v e r 100 P u b lis h e rs up his cross and walk in My footsteps." Crosses S to cked in o u r W a re h o u s e are heavy and hard to bear. Obviously, as Smith criticized, and as Malcolm Boyd and Carl Burke realized, there is little to be done in the majority of churches today. People go to Church for a variety of Been Looking for Revlon Products? purposes, one of which is rarely'the out-and- They will be coming soon to the Campus Book Stores. out devotion of themselves to God. Very few people, except those with shaky self-concepts Michigan State News, East Lansing, Michigan 7 MOVIES Illusion dominates movie concept piring about him -yet he remains passive, gurgitation of fact: rather, we are permitted By STUART ROSENTHAL taking it all in but without reacting or to view the Barrow gang as they might have coloring his thoughts through either opinion conceived of themselves. We live in an age of illusion. This is or commitment. He and his cam era are It is more then, than coincidental that a fact which, in light of all of the machines one and the same. Thomas, the photographer. Clyde Barrow and conveniences which maintain us in our In " B o n n ie n o d C ly d e " the cam era is cine- and Bonnie Parker are all victims of comfortable and complacent existences, can maticallv alluded to on at least three dif­ some form of sexual frustration. The be stated unequivocablv. ferent occasions, beginning with the opening sequence in which Antonioni's hero is seen In addition, one cannot deny that the titles during which faded snapshots are arousing Verushka as he attempts to raise basic qualities of the human mental process, flashed on the screen, as an unseen shutter the proper tone for his snaps, and then coupled with momentous technology and clicks. By the time the audience is disinterestedly abandons her, is indicative advanced communications media, have made ready for its first glimpse of Faye Dunaway of general unimpassioned tenor of the man. it increasingly difficult for the individual gazing into a mirror, it has been exposed The wrestling bout with his two teenage to distinguish between that which has to a capsule summary of the backgrounds admirers and the episode in which he its basis in reality and tn it which is merely of the title characters--a collective 45 baits Vanessa Redgrave are further examples a level of fantasy. N» r do we tend to years or so have been relegated to the of his confusion along these lines. It is probe behind these mer • appearances for leafs of some musty album, yet these a simple m atter to relate these attitudes the hidden truths and »xperiences which snapshots represent the only remaining to the Yardbirds scene in which he fights they conceal, but are content to accept remnants of those days. viciously for a broken guitar, only to dis­ the initial image that we perceive as being The next time we see the cam era, it card it upon achieving the object. the whole. is a real Kodak being used by our anti- Clyde Barrow’s seeming impotence, how­ The inability to distiKjuish and to see heroes to permanently capture their antics ever, cannot be dismissed as stemming beyond the surface h a s. Wrved as a cen­ on film. As Bonnie clowns with her sub­ merely from a lack of commftmeat. Sig­ tral concept for two dfc the most contro­ gun and cigar and Clyde and brother Buck nificantly, he realises his virility following versial motion pictures of the past y e a r- pose in pompous self assured style, they his first encoanter with real feeliag—with Michaelangelo Antonioni's "H lo u - t p " and are caught up in their own before-the-lens pain. Violence, to him, has become real Arthur Penn's " B o n n i e a n d H y d e . “ pretentions. aad far removed from the glamereas de­ The reality-illusion problem is the For all their laughing, they have come pictions of the newspapers aad mattaa axis and dominating theme of the Antonioni to see themselves as the cam era is re­ pictures of the day. film and, -as such, is very much in evidence. cording them-knights and gladiators, all In Bonnie’s case, however, we are led “ B o n n ie a n d C ly d e ”, on the other hand, powerful and perfectly righteous. With to believe that the difficulty in distinguishing is considerably more complex and re­ the camera-play the hard nature of their the object from its image is almost con­ quires a bit of analysis to uncover this position as fugitives is forgotten. genital. Despite the harrowing experience idea as one of the picture's many facets. The use of the Kodak in the semi­ of being critically wounded by a police The easiest place to start is with the comic conspiracy to frame Ranger Frank posse, upon recovery she continues to one element which is ostensibly common Hamer is another example of the use of compose her romantic poetry and to be to both m ovies-the camera. the instrument to distort reality. It does fascinated by items such as the ceram ic Antonioni presents us with David Hem- not have as direct a bearing on the ques- angel which, she notes, is "alm ost re a l." mings as a London photographer who has yion at hand, but is a reinforcement of even down to its tiny fingernails. virtually become wedded to the instrument what has gone before-they are so involved The difference in their perceptions is of this trade. As the director shows us with the outward appearance that they im­ apparent in the manner of their deaths. the world through the eyes of the photog, mediately recognize it as a way to deal with In the ambush scene. Clyde m eets his it becomes clearer by degrees that his the bounty-hunting ranger. demise in slow motion. However bloody view of his environment is drastically In this involvement with the protagonists' this release may be, he looks infinitely removed from actuality. images of themselves lies one of many more peaceful than Bonnie, whose bullet Colors are heightened in intensity and justifications for the dramatic license taken riddled body jerks and flops with the contrasts accentuated. Activity, from a with history in this depiction of the lives bullet's staccato. Once again, she is pacifist demonstration to the groaning of vicious hoodlums. No attempt is being of derelicts in a slum area is trans­ made to present a documentary style re­ (continued on page 16) 8 Thursday, February 29, 1968 U.S. intervention in Vietnam monk publicly burnt himself to death as a (cmtinned from page 5) dramatic expression of the Buddhist straggle. Other immolations followed, and the Budd­ ganization of the South Vietnamese army. hist crisis became more acute. This was clearly a violation o f the spirit if not With the Buddhist crisis steadily worsen­ the letter of the Geneva agreements. At the thne, this development attracted very little ing. with the war against the Resistance movement going badly, with U.S. support attention in the American press. Gen. O'Daniel for Diem turning colder by the day. and with then had only “a handful of officers and m en" staff officers plotting and maneuvering, the whose total strength was expected to reach situation in Saigon became explosive. On about 300. Nevertheless, this was to be a por­ November 1. 1963. the tyrant Diem cam e to tentous step. It was in reality the fateful be­ a bloody end. On that day a third, and suc­ ginning of an entangling military commit­ cessful. attempt to depose Diem was made ment to the Saigon regime, and was to be by military officers headed by. Gen. Duong followed by a succession of inevitable" Van Minh. who was “ highly regarded" by steps that would ultimately lead to more U.S. circles. The generals may very well than half a million American military men have been moved to act as they did as a result fighting, killing and being killed on Vietnam­ of the United States “quietly” suspending ese soil, some ten thousand miles from home. the economic aid program. By 1960 the Diem regime, although seem­ This was a “ signal," clearly understood ingly secure because of its huge army and large by the generals, that Diem was no longer police force, had far less popular support than the anointed one of Washington. During the it had had five years previously, and even then coup there was some sharp fighting and it did not really have very much among the committed by the Saigon regime. A ten- same bloodshed, and both Ngo Dinh Diem vast disadvantaged m ajority of the popula­ point program was advanced, which was in­ and his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu were assassi­ tion. By 1960 most of the peasantry and almost tended to appeal to diverse elements moti­ nated. Nhu had been Diem's closest adviser all of the intelligentsia, for varying reasons, vated primarily by the common interest and head of the secret police. Another influ­ had become completely alienated from the re­ of freeing the country from foreign domination ential brother. Ngo Dinh Can. was also gime. H ie corruption and nepotism of the establishing “democratic liberties" and seized and executed. Still another brother. Diem regime was scandalous. Its oppression bringing about the normalization of relations had long previously gone beyond limits of Ngo Dinh Thu, the Catholic archbishop of between the North and the South. It specific­ human endurance. Y e t even the non-Commu- Hue. though unharmed, left the country. Ma­ ally called for the overthrow of the 'disguised nist opposition had no way of expressing its dame Nhu, Diem's sister-in-law. and her colonial regime of the U.S. im perialists." discontent politically or otherwise. The ja ils children were in America a t the tim e and the equality of all the nationalities and both were overcrowded with dissenters as well as later went into exile in Europe. sexes, a foreign policy of peace and neu­ “enemies.” Many intellectuals fled the coun­ trality, and normal relations between the Thousands o f political prisoners, includ­ try, and the Vietnamese community in France North and the South as a prelude to eventual ing Buddhist leaders, were promptly released by and large became a hotbed of strong anti- reunification. In 1961, Nguyen Huu Tho. a from the jails, which had been overfilled Diem feeling. In the jungles, forests and rice non-Communist and noted civil liberties since 1954. T he military junta then announced paddies. South Vietnamese guerrilla units lawyer of the French colonial period, a caretaker government, but actual power were waging a ceaseless and increasingly suc­ became the head of the NLFSV. remained in its hands. As a m atter of fact, cessful war against the regime, and their By the latter part of 1960. then, the armed actual power has ever since remained in the ranks were steadily expanding with full and resistance against the Diem regime, which hands of the military. part-time fighters, mostly from the peasantry. had existed for several years on a local and In view of the undeniable illegal nature Their weapons were largely bamboo spears, regional basis, was organized on a “ national" of the change of government, the American home-made contrivances, and equipment cap­ taU of South Vietnam) basis. The forma­ recognition of the new government on Novem­ tured from Diem's dispirited troops or aban­ tion of the NLFSV was in reality an indication ber 7 must be regarded as a speedy one. Sec­ doned by them. that the resistance had advanced to truly retary Rusk expressed the hope that “ the It was in 1960 that the South Vietnamese re­ foimidable proportions. Y et in October, only political and m ilitary leadership that has sistance movement became really organized. a month prior to the formation of the NLFSV. formed a new government there in Vietnam In March of that year the “ Nam-bo Veterans Vice-President Nixon had declared, in fla­ will be able to rally the country, consolidate of the Resistance Association.” made up of grant disregard of what was actually happen­ the effort, and get on with the job. so that South Vietnamese who had fought against ing: “ As far as Indochina was concerned the country can be free and secure." He also France, published a long declaration which as a result of our taking the strong stand we finally admitted, because white had now be­ assailed the Diem “ reign of terro r" and ac­ came black in Washington, that “ the princi­ did. the civil war there was ended, and today cused the regime of having “driven the people we have a strong free bastion there.' This was pal problem that developed with respect to of South Vietnam to take up arm s in self- the kind of wishful thinking that was to be­ the previous regime was the alienation of ap­ defense.” The declaration called on the people came habitual in U.S. officialdom with ref­ parently very large sections of the popula­ of South Vietnam to intensify their straggle, erence to the struggle in Vietnam. tion.” However, the fact was that these “ap­ and stated that the objectives of the resistance Ho Chi Minh had apparently tried to re­ parently very large sections of the popula­ were “ to put an end to the F ascist dictator­ frain as long as possible from direct North tion" continued to be alienated even under ship of the Ngo family” and to “ set up a demo­ Vietnamese involvement in the civil war rag­ the new m ilitarily controlled regime. cratic government of National Union in South ing in the South. North Vietnamese assistance The successful coup and assassination of Vietnam.” This National Union would seek to the resistance forces in the South was Diem took place after Secretary of Defense “ to realize national independence and demo­ probably not initiated until after March 1960, McNamara and Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor, the cratic liberties and to guarantee a decent life and no doubt was in response to persistent ap­ chairman of the Join t Chiefs of Staff, had to the people." peals from the southern leaders of the resist­ returned to Washington from an urgent visit On December 20, 1960. resistance elements ance. The assistance, on a very limited to Saigon. Strong suspicions of U.S. involve­ organized somewhere in Cochin-China a “ Na­ scale, probably for some time consisted ment in the coup arose in many quarters tional Liberation Front of South Vietnam" only of small amounts of ammunition, throughout the world. The U.S. Government (NLFSV). This organization, disparagingly communications and planning. North issued firm denials of any implication, and called the “Viet Cong” by most Americans, Vietnam had its own agents in the South, the CIA maintained its customary cloak- now becam e the principal political grouping in but the NLFSV was fundamentally auton­ and-dagger silence. Madame Nhu, who had South Vietnam. Within two years the NLFSV omous and made up exclusively of South been the darling o f the ultraconservatives in built up a strong organization at provincial and Vietnamese. That Ho Chi Minh, though a America, bitterly denounced the U.S. Govern­ village levels and effectively governed areas it northerner, was a heroic symbol of Viet­ ment. “ No one can seriously believe in the controlled. Its power swelled with active namese nationalism to the NLFSV cannot be disclaim er" that the American Government guerrilla fighters and with m asses of peasant doubted. Fighting against a despotic foe had nothing to 'd o with the military revolt, supporters -and sympathizers. As its active who was extravagantly supplied with money she sobbed to reporters in California. In the adherents increased, the proportion of its non- and m ateriel by an alien white nation-the next few days the new Saigon regime and Cammunists increased. wealthiest and mightiest in the world-it the American press spoke a t great length The NLFSV was actually a broad coalition should be perfectly understandable why the about the unbearable brutalities and ex­ of many elements-religious, ethnic and polit­ NLFSV should have sought and welcomed cesses of the defunct Diem regime. Up to ical. Its program did not propose class war­ assistance from the North Vietnamese, who that time, however, the American press, tyith fare, bat general reforms having a broad ap­ were after all fellow Vietnamese nationals. minor exceptions, had been docilely faithful peal. It called for the progressive reunification Meanwhile, in addition to all the difficul­ to the Washington line that Diem, while of the country by peaceful means on the basis ties he was having with the resistance move­ stern, was a t heart a democrat and the build«’ of negotiations between the North and the ment and various dissident elements in Sai­ of a bastion of the “free world." Whether or South. A Manifesto issued by the NLFSV gon, Diem was encountering increasing not the United States was implicated in the declared that “the 1954 Geneva agreements defiance from the Buddhists, who com­ coup, it was certainly clear that Washington restored peace in our country and recognized prised about 70 per cent of the South Viet­ was relieved and pleased, for it had come the sovereignty, independence, unity and ter­ namese population. The Buddhist problem first to regard Diem as a failure and a bad gam­ ritorial integrity of Vietnam.” The Manifesto came into the open on May 8, 1963, when Diem ble. Among other things, also. Diem had in effect dedared war against U.S. involve­ troops fired into a crowd of Buddhist demon­ seemed to have become tired of U.S. domina­ ment in Vietnamese affairs by stating that strators in Hue and killed nine people. tion and of the seemingly endless civil war. “ the American imperialists, who had in the Demonstrations then broke out in Saigon There is moreover evidence of his courting past helped the French colonialists massa­ and thereafter became frequent occurrences. discussions with Ho Chi Minh. History will cre our people, have now replaced the French The main complaint of the Buddhists was no doubt have much more to say of Diem’s In enslaving the southern part of our country that the Diem regime was discriminating last year in power that will be revealing to through a disguised colonial regim e.” It.'de- against them and favoring the small Catho­ taled a long series of crim es and atrocities most Americans. lic minority. In mid-July an elderly Buddhist Michigan State News, East Lansing, Michigan Ç PO ETRY Walls C hild lies alone, her softness hushed behind her gown; Is not asleep. a Smooth walls hold her com fortless. Outside them, sleeping shapes surround her, but nothing moves; No goodnight kiss. (The child Is not a child since uninvited life drained all her childhood to Itself) Her parents’ confident reflection on themselves, she s tirre d behind th e ir glass, unseen, and fading from th e ir emptiness’ embrace knew love, a different klrd (and reappearing in her room, precariously safe with her unnotlceable change she dreamed eluslvely of moving, touching love) but now because of which she lies, trapped in an accident, deciding how to k ill this thing, th is evidence of sin within herself; this unformed child; this growing proof of Incongruity. No one must seek, o r the splintered m lrro r-w a lls , shattering, w ill impale them all more twisted, dying on the shreds of what they thought they knew. Harry, with the room fu ll of pond water and Illy pads, knelt unblinking on the carpet, and ripple~llfted, buoyed, only said "Oh, mdybe frogs are havin’ fun, lookin’ out over the top of the water . . .*’ Phste by Mike Schtenbafen If they know I am w riting, They all stiffen « Almost less than noticeably, As though they wer^ being Photographed. Anxious to be well represented; Curious; Danny Innocent of preface his arms Tinted about the eyes gathered me lost among the blankets With resentment they hardly recognize, to him They watch me. unfolding just from sleep. I fe lt a child’ s Inarticulate re lie f • who cried wordless too Dead, his head wrapped In a kleenex until guided softly home fo r a shroud; It could neither shape a name more neither needed nor allowed nor begin to seek alone; like some used piece of gum grey—-wrinkled—-furrowed. (Some and brought to there only stood made comment that he’d In joy all speechless done up well, but they were guessing, where the thing fo r which It wept began. could not see to te ll.) And when the prayers were read So, found, embraced, contained they all were done, and reassured, I saw no doubt. the end of silence shape into a smile. They threw him out. Even G uinea Pigs have to Rest Editors of Collage became acquainted with the Helen bent four elbows work of Carolyn Jam es, Clarksburg. West and set her stomach in my lap Plump. Virginia senior, through her participation in a fillin g her creative writing class. Previously unpublished, her writing has extended intermittently over sym m etrical, in a c irc le a long period of time. She hopes to go into foot foot foot foot special education. with Its center. Fat. r* 10 Thursday, February 29, 1968 Students’ varied publications By J E F F JUSTIN and editor. "This kind of publishing has been not trying to stimulate debate. We're just Campus oldtimers will remember " L o g o s ." going on for some 50 years, since about five giving people the other viewpoint, the one the world-changing publication of the Com­ years after the first science fiction." they wouldn't get otherwise.” mittee for Student Rights, and the controversy The Tolkein Society of America, she said, The title " C a tch 2 3 " is based on Joseph that surrounded its distribution. This broadside has some 1,000 members. Named after the Heller's hilarious and horrifying novel. " C a tch way typical of student publications in that it author of the famous fantasy trilogy about the 2 2 " in which a World War II bombardier wakes splashed into the campus scene, made some world of the hobbits, the society boHts about terrified to the fact that there are people trying waves for awhile, its ripples soon dying away 20 members in the Tolkein Fellowship on this to kill him. Catch 22 itself is never defined. as the publishers were graduated, in one form campus. Miss Brown also edits a newsletter It's some clause or procedure "th ey " can use for members, who are the primary source as an ultimate justification for human atroc­ or another. The idea of students getting together to pub­ of stories for her magazines. ities the bureaucracy commits in the interest lish their ideas persists, however. " T h e P n p e r " The fanzines can only be fully appreciated of humanity. began to amaze people after the decline of by the "fa n ." a dedicated science fiction This irrationality, producing humor and “Logo*". Soon after. "/.e itg e is t “ began enthusiast. References are often made to horror in one strike, was evident also in the sub­ tilting with the sometimes truly menacing science fiction authors and their works. For ject of SDS's first broadside-the concept of windmills o f middle-class morality. " T h e example, the cover of "The Manic B agel" channeling" manpower for the country s R ed C e d a r R e d e * " completes the list of is written in elvish script, the language of the best interest i as this is defined by the admin­ current student publications known to the hobbits. istration». Future publications will be bi­ majority of students. Y et there is much enjoyment for the unini­ weekly and deal with whatever issues are at But how many of you read " T h e M agic tiated. The most prolific writer and perhaps hand. Free distribution will take place around B agel," “ T h e C o sm ic C r u l l e r ." “ T h e S p n r- the most respected of the student fans is Don campus. SDS is unrelated to " T h e P a p e r" . lan E n g i n e e r ," “ T h e Jo u rn a l o f l lo k e y R e­ D'Ammassa. A senior from Cumberland. In the past the local organization has con­ su lts" ? These publications have lacked the R .I.. D'Ammassa has been writing and pub­ fined itself to reprinting articles. “ C a tch 2 3 “ publicity of those mentioned above, yet have lishing fanzines for several years. He mixes is the first SDS publication originating in their own valid claims for student attention. philosophy with his fantasy, but it s hard to East Lansing. “ T h e J o u r n a l o f l lo k e y R e s u lts ,' published tell in what amount. Such writing adds levels On the more conservative political scene, by two psychology grad students, is representa­ of allegory to one-story language and consti­ the "I allege Republican S etcsleller" offers tive of a genre this campus has not enjoyed in tutes much of the pleasure of reading science students a more delicately stated expression the recent past: the satirical magazine. Louis fiction. Copies of the spring issues of " t h e of many of the same anti-administration Penner, one of the editors, explained that the Cosmic (.roller" and " I he Magic Hagel will views. The campus Democrats have nothing original intention of offering students an op­ be available directly from Tracie Brown to say. at least on paper. portunity for publishing serious articles in psy­ Along more technical lines, student publi­ Overall, it seems that spring term will see a chology. in addition to humorous ones, has been cation such as "Intercom " from the school sudden rise of publishing activity. Another abandoned. of social work. "The MSI I elerin arian " and "B ed C edar R e l i e n " is planned. " P h r o g ." “The response to the humor format has "The Spartan Engineer" are directed to stu­ North Wonders Hall s literary magazine, will been tremendous in the psych department." he dents in particular disciplines. The editor of plop onto the campus lily pad. All the publica­ said. "Since summer we've received about "The Spnrtnn Engineer. “ Gary Romans, has tions mentioned above will appear, along with 30 articles. We didn't publish fall term because an interesting philosophy. the more impressively academic "Honors we're Ph.D. candidates and ju st didn't have "Our magazine doesn't have to be a stu­ (alleg e Essays." In such increased activity the time to organize everything. " dent-run Scientific American.' " he told me. there is a quickening of the life-blood of the On the basis of the summer issues it’s too "At conventions with other editors I've University. And after all is said, the force bad the campus has had to wait so long. learned that the technical stuff just isn’t of it may be most deeply felt by the student In addition to digs at the world at large (such read. Faculties at other schools want to have authors themselves-the satisfaction of seeing as the analysis of Batman’s homosexual ten­ something they can exhibit as an example of their own hard thoughts in print. dencies in the first issue), articles poke fun student research, and so there's a lot of censor­ at the complicated jargon and esoteric ship involved. But at MSU we re free to do what methods of contemporary psychological re­ we want. We re concerned with humor and search. The University long needed a satirical the philosophy of being an engineer. The last issue, for example, was on the feminine view­ Illusion in films publication. “ T h e P a p e r " used to make some point toward engineers: the next one will be on I continued from page 7) effective attempts in this area, but lately the draft. experiencing pain and reacting as a rabbit the serious business of fostering the revolution “Response has been really good. Last year bred for slaughter might respond in his seems to have drained this weekly of its the magazine was in the black, supported innocence to the moment of decapitation. humor. I find the “J o u r n a l o f l lo k e y R esu lts" mainly by adds. We can’t really estimate the Bonnie and Clyde have, each to a engaging and stimulating. Its appeal ought to effect of the magazine, but just looking around separate degree, paid the price for having extend far beyond the “ hard luck guys in the Engineering Building, the image of the lived too long out of touch with actuality. psychology" to whom it is dedicated. Copies engineer is changing. He’s broadening his in­ When we last glimpse Thomas, he has of the spring issue will be available at the terests.” become even more hopelessly entwined in psychology department office in Olds Hall. Broadening every student s view of his world his dilemma, yet still seems fit enough A group of publications emanating from a is the objective of a political publication. to carry on as he has throughout the film. coterie of students in E ast Campus also have "(jitch 2 3 .“ which recently debuted. It is This is where " H la u - I p " fails its a wide appeal. “ T h e M agic B a g e l“ and published by the Research and Education audience. Instead of pointing toward a " T h e C o sm ic C r u l le r ," published fall term, Committee of MSU Students for a Democratic conclusion or making a statement about are examples of “ fanzines." science fiction Society . its protagonist's condition. Antonioni has magazines put out by amateur devotees of this " I t ’s to make people see the catch es." said spent nearly two hours sketching a cari­ genre. According to Tracie Brown, publisher Jack Sattel. head of the committee "W e re cature of a man with only one salient quality. It is an oversimplification, done heavy-handedly and producing a viewer reaction to the effect of "so what." Those who leave the theater deeply impressed by the film have been duped by the same phenomenon about which the director is claiming to warn us. The drawing of an outline, using interesting technique coupled with implied symbolic acts does not necessarily indicate analysis or pertinence. Those responsible for "Ronnie ami (ly d e.“ on the other hand, have incorporated the reality differentiation syndrome as part of the overall makeup of two complicated and convincing characters, to whom the theatergoer develops a strong attachment. Thus, the point is made on a very personal and meaningful level. P O Q O ooooooooon n n c COLLAGE Executive Editor Eric Pianiti Contributors: Laurence Battistini, Sue Brown, David Gilbert, Carolyn James, Jeff Justin, Jim Roos, Stuart Rosenthal, Jim Yousling, Doug Huston. Michigan-State Newa, Eaat Leasing, MkUftt || Whistler exhibits his mastery By JIM ROOS A few years ago, while spending an after­ noon a t London’s Tate Gallery, I cam e across a weird painting depicting fireworks a t night. It was a pyrotechnical display in more ways than one, for the artist had brilliantly captured the momentary, meteoric essence of the scene. The mind of a wizard who carefully had planned the carelessness on his canvas was evident in each bold streak of color dashed against the black night. Reds, oranges, greens, white, shades of royal purples and yellow tints. All these pigments, and more, seemed to explode and scream across the darkness like the shrieks of bewildered banshees. At first 1 thought the work to be Turner’s. Who else, with those few wild brush strokes that constitute genius, could create the lumin­ osity usually impossible to achieve with oils? . Closer inspection of the nameplate, how­ ever, revealed this painting to be the work of Jam es McNeil Whistler. From that mo­ ment on, my previous conception of Whistler as a musty Victorian m aster disintegrated, and I was determined to be on the look out for any Whistler exhibition that might come my way. Last week-end in Chicago such an exhibit finally did appear. Sponsored by the Chicago Art Institute and the Munson-Williams Proc­ tor Institute in Utica, New York, it is a fas­ cinating, if somewhat limited collection of Whistler's output. I say “ lim ited " because many of the artist's greatest paintings (e.g. "T he I r iis i* M o th e r" or " T h o m a s C a r ly le " ) are not in­ cluded due to special prohibitions against lending in institutions where m ajor Whistler works are to be found. Nevertheless, the works on display at the Chicago exhibit are sufficiently diversified and copious to attract a rt lovers for m iles around. As for variety, there are not merely oils, but oodles of doodles, etchings, drawings, litho­ graphs, pastels and watercolors. Some people express dissatisfaction with the somber appearance of Whistler’s oil paintings. The simple truth is, that even in their lightest moments, Whistler’s oil paintings are dark.1* However, Whistler’s preoccupation with darkness, as in his nocturne "Eireurorks," is aimed at creating a subtle expression of form and line. (We all know that the outlines of any figure can ultimately be grasped, even if a t first they are only partially disclosed.> “ The Artist in His Sutdio” To be sure, there are few barometers of taste, especially in paintings, but I would venture to the atmosphere of the river front, the boats, faults. Some think the darkness of Ms colors say that any one who admires works of Edgar the bridges, and the people associated with work against him, though 1 do nut. Perhaps Allen Poe or perhaps Claude Debussy will river life. he had same difficulty in drawing hands find an affinity for the paintings of Whistler. Although the subjects are consistently (quite evident In the large painting d violin­ Whistler himself was a great admirer of Poe. similar, Whistler exploited the variations ist Pablo de Sara sate). He was also a good friend of Debussy, and like of the medium to satisfy his experimental But, taken as a whole, Whistler’s work the great French musician was influenced by nature. At one point the style is clear and reveals him as a great experimenter aad imag­ Oriental art. Both men had a fondness for Chi­ clean-cut: a full blade proof. Then there is use inative artist. A man who loved to use oM nese and Japanese scroll and brush paintings. of drypoint technique to give a cool, silvery papers to achieve antique effects: who They often bought Oriental screens, fans and effect suteestive of pastel. Perhaps the only could paint a portrait in the style of Velasquez porcelains. technique w histler avoided was “ retroussage” (whom he admired greatly): who could evoke If one of Debussy’s finest piano pieces, (dragging a cloth across the plate to pull ink the hazy Thames a t night, or temporarily "P oistoa d 'o r” (“ Goldfish” ) was inspired from the grooves) which gives a rich artificially abandon perspective for the Japanese concept by the painting on a Japanese porcelain, many induced effect. Richness, whether it be daubed f i f space as a well-balanced design. Any way of the effects in Whistler’s paintings and etch­ in thick ink or bright colors, is not a- Whistler you look a t this stimulating exhibit it demon­ ings are products of sim ilar influence. trademark. strates the innovative brilliance and genius of For example, of such influence one can note Like many great artists Whistler had his Whistler the master. Handlingreligion the butterfly monogram in the portrait “Har­ mony in Crey a a d C reen " o r the delicate, spar­ ing use of oils in "T he Artist and His S tudio." The latter work is especially noteworthy be­ cause of the artist's interesting use of oils. In order to achieve a transparent, spidery effect and in admitting the ineffectiveness of the for the loose Oriental robes of the two women (continned from page 6) Church in the truly Christian life, have gone he has portrayed, Whistler made use of an a number of them would ask yon to be out to the streets, where Jesu s put it originally. obviously wide, but thin haired brush, in the with them in both places. Some of They have to get a t people where they can be tradition of Japanese water brush paintings. them wouldn’t, but won’t you be with reached , not in a Sunday church, but in ja ils As a result, the robes possess an airiness them, too, Jesus? and bars, slums and T.V. stations, camps and and fragility that adds immeasurably to an People do think about themselves. The title. cars, and perhaps most important, to get to otherwise muddy green backdrop. The artist A re 1 ou R u n n in g U ith Me, J e s u s ? , is a frank those who are open to be reached--the young. appears here in self-portrait looking very much admission by Boyd that he has a high opin- , Lord, I don’t know all the Mg words like the arrogant rascal he is reputed to have ion of himself, but that he can't make it the preacher sez. I'ain ’t much at talk­ been. Whistler added another Oriental touch alone. There is no hypocritical piety about in’ to people aad tell them what I’m to this painting by glazing it to the texture him, the kind of churchly faith that Boyd thiakia’, but I’m in a m ess now and of a Japanese porcelain plaque. once described, “ I couldn't see out of the need to know how to t a k to you, I That Whistler was constantly playing with stained-glass windows." hope you will learn me how. textures and tonal moods can also be seen in At any rate, both Boyd and Burke have taken Perhaps it isn't God who is dead. Maybe it’s the numerous etchings in which he caught the critical approach of Smith a step further. only the churches. 12 Thursday, February 29, 1968 Michigan State News, East Lansing, Michigan C h u rc h -s ta te c o n tro v e rs y (coatimed from page 3) “Competition with existing public school systems offers a promising means of improv­ ing both public and private education. If all parents, a t every income level could choose between sending their children to public schools and sending their children to approved private schools a t public expense, both public and pri­ vate education would inprove as schools at­ tempted to hold pupils," the Task Force report said. A panel of attorneys for the C E F studied the constitutional question raised by the bill and reached the opinion that the bill, did not violate either the United States or the Michigan Con­ stitutions. The F irst Amendment to the U.S. Consti­ tution provides, in part, that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establish­ ment of religion or prohibiting the free exer­ cise th ereo f:" The mandate of the F irst Amendment is made applicable to the states by the Fourteenth Amendment. To determine the bill’s constitutionality under the F irst Amendment the C E F panel of attorneys applied the test laid down by the United States Supreme Court in S c h o o l D istrict of I b in g l o n T o w n sh ip , P e n n sy lv a ­ nia r. S c h e m p p . "T he test may be stated as follows: what are the purpose and the primary effect of the law. If either is the ad­ vancement or the inhibition of religion then the law exceeds the scope of legis­ lative power as circumscribed by the Constitution. That, is to say that to STANLEY HECKER W ILLIAM BLACKBURN withstand the strictures of the E s­ tablishment Clause there must be a . “We of the administration have no fear government which they may use at the college secular purpose aad a primary effect concerning government control. We have of their choice, whether public or nonpublic. that neither advances or inhibits re­ just about as many controls now as the A comparison between the bill to grant state ligion." public schools have." Blackburn said. Both aid to the parents of children in nonpublic The bill provides that state educational public and nonpublic schools comply with schools and the G .I. Bill is a comparison grants shall be paid to parents enrolling their rules governing specified courses of study, of things which are dissimilar. Mrs. Phillips children in nonpublic schools to defray part certification of teachers, annual number of said. The G.I. Bill is based on the concept of the cost of their secular education, the school days and length of school day. fire, of a service rendered she said. "Separation panel said. The bill enumerates the clearly safety, and sanitation standards, plans of church and state is not involved in the G.I. secular courses in which the children must of new school structures and extra-curricular B ill." Mrs. Phillips said. be enrolled in order for their parents to re­ activities, he said. "Freedom of choice given by the govern­ ceive the grant. Moreover, the panel said, Blackburn said that government control ment doesn't include an obligation of the none of the grants may be used for any has not proven harmful in certain countries government to pay for it." Mrs. Phillips courses in religious doctrine or worship. In in Europe and in Canada where nonpublic said. addition the bill seeks to assist parents to schools receive government aid. "Reports CAPE is engaged in .a contact campaign comply with the compulsory education laws say that this has strengthened both public with representatives in Lansing. Mrs. Phil­ of this state. Therefore, the panel concludes, and parochial schools by introducing the ele­ lips said. CAPE membership are urged to the purposes of the bill are secular. ment of competition." contact their own legislators personally It is also clear, the panel said, that the “I am concerned with public education s and then by mail if necessary. primary effect of the bill neither advances financial straits also. We need fiscal reform Another organization opposing the bill. nor inhibits religion. "Since none of the in general." Blackburn said. Spend Taxes on Public Schools (STOPS), educational grants can be used for courses Among the groups opposing the bill is the was formed last week with the purpose of in religion or religious worship, it must be Michigan Congress of Parents and Teachers. working for defeat of the bill and against the concluded that advancement of religion, if A. B. Haist, president of the Michigan PTA. re-election of any legislator who votes for the any, is incidental should parents receiving urged the 2,000 local PTA units to join in a measure. STOPS claim s to represent some two educational grants under -iie bill educate campaign to fight the bill. million taxpayers in Michigan. their children in church connected nonpublic "The effect of such legislation, if allowed Stanley E . Hecker, MSU professor of higher schools." they concluded. to pass." Haist said, “would threaten the ulti­ education, said he is concerned with the possi­ William J . Blackburn, assistant super­ mate emasculation of public education. This ble effect the passage of the bill might have intendent of elementary schools for the we cannot allow. We cannot sit back in silence. on the public schools. He said he fears that the diocese of Lansing, said that Michigan has We cannot allow our constitution to be vio­ school system may become religiously, eco­ led the,w ay in this type of legislation. He lated by this kind of legislation, promoted nomically and racially segregated and that made reference to the F air School Bus Law by private, special interest groups. Haist separatism will result. passed by the Michigan Legislature in 1963. Leroy G. Augenstein. chairman of the MSU said. providing equal bus transportation for all The allocation of $21 million to nonpublic dept, of biophysics and member of the State children regardless of where they attend schools would be taking it away from the Board of Education, said he thinks the courts school, and the Auxiliary Service Bill passed public schools at a time “when more and would declare the bill unconstitutional if it in 1966 which provides equal participaticei by more of our public schools are faced with the passes. all schools in such services as remedial read- prospect of closing their doors because of He bases his opinion on Supreme Court deci­ ing, visiting teachers and speech correction. a lack of funds with which to operate," he sions of three states, he said. The Louisiana He further mentioned the College Tuition said. Supreme Court threw out a voucher.system: Grant Law which enables college students "Isn 't it amazing that suddenly our legisla­ the Supreme Court of Hew Hampshire rejected to receive up to 6800 for attendance at the tors seem to have found $21 million in our a lottery: and the Maryland Supreme Court Michigan college of their choice, public or state coffers for nonpublic schools while rejected a bid to give funds to parochial school nonpublic. these same legislators have been loudly pupils with no strings attached. Augenstein Blackburn said that the diocese schools proclaiming that additional moneys were said. "These decisions are pretty clear-cut. absolutely non-existent to help public and we're going to run afoul of these if the bill are financed and operated by the parishes. From 60 to 80 per cent of the Sunday collec­ schools?" Haist said. is passed." tion goes to the schools, he said. In addi­ Two other opposing organizations, the After the bill was introduced in the House and tion, tuition which is from $50 to $75 per American Civil Liberties Union Senate it was sent to the Senate committee family for elementary schools, makes up and the Committee to Aid Public Educa­ on education and elections headed by Sen. about one-third of the operating costs, he tion (CAPE), have mentioned court action, Anthony Stamm. R-Kalamazoo Stamm asked said. if the bill is passed. Attv. Gen. Frank Kelley to rule on the consti­ Blackburn mid that because of the rising The ACLU is currently involved in a suit tutionality of the bill. Stamm told Kelley he is cost of operating the schools, some have been concerning the separation of church and "anxious for a ruling" so the legislative process fo: i ¿0 reduce the number of grades in their state and the Auxiliary Service Bill. may proceed in an orderly and expenditious schools. Noapublic schools are facing a fi­ Mrs. Harriett Phillips, the chairman of manner." nancial crisis and are reaching the breaking CAPE, said the organization's main oppo­ Already, more than 6.000 letters supporting point, he said. State aid to the parents of non­ sition to the bill is that they feel that it is the measure have poured into the offices of public school children is “the only logically unconstitutional. Gov. Romney and legislative leaders in the and financially feasible way for Michigan Some proponents of the b ill. refer to its past three weeks. Thousands more letters are to m eet it s educational problems tomor­ similarities with the G. I. Bill of Rights, expected from those in opposition to the pro­ row,” h e n j t which grants veterans tuition from the federal posal.