The State News Bi-weekly Magazine Thursday, Mtiy 16, 1968 Difficult search for "self" at the University. See pages 4 and 5 Phc\? by Bob Ivins Exhibton, Foreign Lando ebdSpaetzl, Skentzos, On (7:30, 2MTUEA8SDYAY, AUndergrautt 2J(Kure3nsge) RPrecseidptnito'n, B(7a:n0d, DReacvitiadl: &Katheri AM(3uu:sd0ic.), DReaciintael: AM(8u:ds1i.c5), 2MWEDAN9SY, HTFapuheninndgyFTortumh"oe 3MTHUAR0SYDAY, DMemaoriayl through Students Concert Field) Joint Clarinet Oboe Senior Soprano "A Way Aud.) the Carnivl H.S Chvicasg.o Clevvsand. Weknd DFiealdy 8&M(k2ing":30, SO(yr4mch:pe0shtoan,y RM(e2uc:¬i0tal, M&4a(ki2ng":30, im BL(a7ann:d0do, RSIerucisistaahln:,MAuusdic.) Water Track, Stae MLacSroUse, MRuSgUby, Parents' ROTC It"Shntaers Abrams) Army M2A6Y SUNDAY, MSU Aud.) Omicron Aud.) Ithne Abrams) Delta sic "Stars M2A7Y MONDAY, (8:15, Activty Field) Senior Viola lW1svxr M2A4Y baneouced) FRIDAY, G"Breatohlsdar's Wels) G("rid7o"I:30, "H(Psyicthcoh7ok's Carnivl Weknd BA(elo7wn":¬0, Seris M(atk8ingh":0e, &9A1(n07¬, G"Breoathldsar's Wels) Jean-Luc 1908, Antoi 's Aud.) Alfred tpolace Water Parents' "The thony) FAfirlicman I"Sntars Abrams) & (7 9, & Enemy 2 M A5Y SATURDY, Kong" thony) Jean-Luc 9.108 "King & (7 WRSeehdcagir¬toanl:MS(o3up:rsa0inc, WEnseinmbdl Fairchld) SReecnipotrs,LRaewceintal M(8u:s1ic5, "(PHsycihtoc7hok's Anthoy)G(r"i7do":I30 MR(3ue:cs0iitcal, MO(r8uch:se1sict5a, Senior wo d, Aud.) (8:15, Symphonic 2 M W E DAN Y S , Presidnt's CBreolwon, Senior Aud.) 2 M T H A U3R Y S D A Y , Alfred 9,109 Anto i 's & Aud.) Aud.) Aud.) Student Chamber 1MA9Y CChhaprlie, BU8an:li3¬o0, &(Ma2king":30 DARelRebucii-tartl: AMuudsi.c) K(Qr2eus:in3gte0, 2MA0Y Peaca"nd 2MA1Y AGExrhaidbu¬t (Kresg) Wevstsr.n PCoamisdengSRcnipotrs, SUNDAY, I&(7I Boesft ro m) SGrienkg It"Shntaers Abrams) Gradute (4:0 , Richards Galery) "War Day: PIart MBasSebUal, Presidnt's The Part 4, ter MONDAY, TUESDAY, Read Last tion, ROTC M(akt8ing"h:0e, Expo Ilivnoss. Weknd Pt"haTnhiedte 89&:a:03n0d, AI("Puadn.Cd),* Expo Puvrdse. Winvdssor. Weknd 8&(Ma2king":3,0 "Stars Stre t Ain brams) Dance Engierng MBaSseUbal, Alumni 1 M S A TAU8RYD Y , (&"Freaks Pendulm"7 Anthoy) King Feast Engierng MBaSsebUal, MRuSgUby, RTraiccyele Alumni Ithne Abrams) 109 "The Gre k "Stars M1A6Y ThursdayAI("Pud.C), 9&1(Orpheus0"7, 9&("Virdan7 FTirnaaclks LNMeocmt¬uorrial W(8:0e,1ls4B) QW(3oui:dn0wtien (&"Virdan7 &9O1(rpheus0"7, AI("PudC.), C(M8luu:¬1b5, THURSDAY, Kainndg "Black Anthony) Bunel's Wels) Fraternity Isenberg Chomsky Student Aud.) Bunel's Wels) "Black Anthony) Kainndg WGomleen's Aud.) Gentle "The Luis 108 am Music 1 M A7Y FRIDAY, Luis 9,108 "The sic Thursday, May 16, 1968 3 MUSIC » Horowitz recital Chicago stuns By JIM ROOS Such Like the maiden who refused to wash her passagework needs little pedaling to cheek where the prince had cover dropped notes when executed with Horo¬ planted his kiss, witz's accuracy, and he employed the swell those who attended pianist Vladimir Horo¬ witz's Chicago recital last Sunday afternoon pedal sparingly. During the screaming accolade that fol¬ may abstain from washing their ears with the sounds of other music and other pianists for lowed, Horowitz smiled broadly and joyfully like the conquering hero he was and gen¬ The meefng a few more days. Such is the erously played encores of Schumann's "Trau- magnetism and magic of Horo¬ meri." Chopin's "C-sharp minor Waltz" and witz in the flesh, that no amount of reading "F minor Mazurka.'' about his artistry or listening to his record¬ The earth is assembling t-o rain « Then, sensing that his audience deserved a ings can fully prepare you for the blitz-like im¬ There's a tree in the back yard special treat after 17 years of waiting, he pact of a live recital. Tha t's ca lling a meeting of the wi v s t-o disorder. Even the recent Columbia in-concert grinned, signaling with a finger that he would re¬ And I'm a-t the fringes of the crowd * play one more encore. cordings. which come closest to conveying a With the audience already totally mes¬ Drawn b-y oratory hurling its arms Jhd hair. true picture and clear aural perspective of merized at this point Horowitz nevertheless Horowitz's interpretative and digital powers, added the capstone to this unforgettable reci¬ cannot completely capture his tonal pallete tal by performing his own "Carmen Varia¬ Then through a cclaiming air f nor the intensity of concentrative effort and tions.' It is one of his knuckle-breaking ar¬ f lies a-n aimless lightning l.ug. personal communicative reaction he transmits in the living act of musical re-creation. rangements that makes some listeners blink-ing. we ran aft-er opei handed into darkness. wonder whether he is in league with the devil. chased to the fence we couLyio-t cross, Following the expected storm of applause our laughter bounded that greeted the 63-year-old super-virtuoso upon Paganini and Liszt were suspected of such an unholy alliance too. a-t such st-ruck-off sparks"; his first Orchestra Hall appearance in 17 years, he seated himself at the chosen Steinwav to Fortunately, for those who could not be of our summe-r hearts 1 offer a memorably introspective performance present. Columbia has recorded the recital, as of Beethoven's A major, Op. 101 Sonata. it did another last month in Boston when This tree towered out of my re- ch. Horowitz played the same program there. This was pearly Beethoven in the Horowitz manner, carefully chiseled and notable for According to Columbia's recording producer. Paul Myers, Horowitz will cull the best per¬ Rising firm int-o the outside world structural clarity and granitic strength. There Now it waves over my home formances from both recitals and eventually ,c was also many moments of poetic phrasing The goal of their race, a composite disc should be issued. * in the third movement with its lingering, Night and rain. melancholic overtones. Seeing Horowitz in concert points up the In fact, for this reviewer, who has never dangers involved in judging a great artist on -by Jeff Justin the basis of recordings alone. Not only is the been particularly impressed with Horowitz's visual and extra-musical communicative fac¬ recorded versions of Beethoven, the probing tor necessarily missing in any recording, but phraseology and tonal majesty Horowitz as in the case of Horowitz, tonal qualities are brought to each section of this late Beethoven often distorted. sonata was a pleasant surprise. It would in¬ dicate that the years he has spent in the quiet of his New York home studying manuscripts of Beethoven's works have been worth the long wait for his return to concertizing. Horowitz's increased musical imagination and maturity were also evident in his playing of a Chopin group which followed the Bee¬ thoven In the gentle "Barcarolle" he found erbounds on your hidden inner voices, interesting cross-count¬ er accents and a new sensitivity for the un¬ dulating left hand rhythm reading list? There is a tendency for him to rubatosize FATHERS and toy with the rhythmic subtlties of this By Herbert Gold particular work and despite the incomparable Paperback 75£, beauty of Horowitz's tonal shadings. I con¬ "This book tells a classic Ameri¬ tinue to prefer the more fluid understatement can story, of the hungry-eyed Jew¬ of the late Dinu Lipatti's recorded interpre¬ ish immigrant Instinctively seizing tation. joy from the novelties of raw private The F minor Nocturne. Op 55 received an enterprise and a card game in a inspired reading which revealed the seem¬ steam bath. More important, it goes ingly infinite spectrum of Horowitz's dynamic to the bone of human affairs ... It range, especially his ability to distinguish is a singularly beautiful book." between a true pianissimo and piano. ANYONE CAN MAKE The triumphant F sharp minor Polonaise. A MILLION Op. 44. which concluded the first half of the By Morton Shulman program was all heroic grandeur set ablaze by chordal explosions and breath-taking runs Paperback 95C that produced audible gasps from the audience "This young Canadian millionaire and had them cheering and standing in unison from the main floor to the gallery. tells you how to make money on penny stocks; how to buy stocks and axyoxk out After intermission Horowtiz returned to spin four of his favorite Scharlatti Sonatas bonds without risk; how to surance buy in¬ for less money and more (an (Longos 23 . 24. 188 and 3351 with inimitable finesse and effortless, sparkling passagework. protection; how an American citi¬ zen can legally and profitably parti¬ mark a Then In honor of the 25th it came. niversary of Rachmaninoff's death. Horowitz an¬ cipate in gold speculation ... how you can obtain big profits with little million programmed the rarely played Sonata No. 2 in risk. — B-flat minor. Op. 36 of that great composer. THE 10 BEST-SELLING PAPERBACKS Composed in 1913 and revised by Rachman¬ l. The Arrangement 6. Capable of Honor inoff in 1931, Horowitz uses a combined ver¬ 2. The King 7. Everything but sion of both editions which was approved by Money 3. VaUey of the Dolls 8. Fathers the composer. I am not sure how much the 4. The Pearl 9. Anyone can make a Millie a pianist has added to it himself, but I se¬ 5. Go to the Window Maker 10. The Delta Factor riously doubt if anyone else could play it in | this arrangement-at least certainly not in this manner. (JimfJooK^ORK Without resorting to pounding or strain¬ ing. Horowitz, who is relatively thin and light of frame, seemed to attack the piano like a lion making its kill. And while there were extraordinarily beautiful and songful mo¬ ments, the performance was for the most part ferocious. The diffuse medodic fragments were punc¬ tuated with spine-chilling runs, as Horowitz Over 100 Publishers riddled off torrents of notes and octabes with Stocked in unbelievable speed and incredible precision. our Warehouse 4 Michigan State News, East Lansing, Michigan Suicide plagues campuses By FRED SHERWOOD puses, and the way the cope with these prob¬ lems depends on the people around them. If there is anything to contradict the be¬ "Keeping channels erf communication open lief that money can bring happiness, it is is necessary," he said. "The feeling that no¬ the high suicide rate that pevails in today's affhient society. The notion that afflnence body cares, that you can't complain to any¬ one leads to suicide. Some people leave sui¬ also carries complex and inescapable prob¬ cide notes because-they want others to know lems is demonstated by the fact that of the how badly they feel, and suicide is a way of overall U.S. suicide rate of 11 per MO,000, the rate for whites is twice that of non-whites. drawing attention to it." Submerged in this statistic is the fact that Abeles' hypothesis of a healthier atmos¬ although more women than men attempt phere compared to other large campuses is suicide, more men actually succeed in taking born out in part by the dearth of reported sui¬ their own lives. This is strangely reversed on cides at MSU. According to Richard Beraitt, the West Coast where the suicide rate is the Director of Public Safety, there has been only highest in the United States. Studies show one suicide reported on the East Lansing cam- that attempted suicides run from six to 15 pas in the last four years occuring in October times as high as actual suicides and that one of ISM when a 19-year-old psychology major of 10 of those who attempt suicide will prob¬ walked in front of a train on the C&O rail¬ ably try again. road tracks. Shrouding concrete facts and statistics con¬ The number of reported suicides, however, cerning suicides are the legal, cultural, and is not a clear index of attempted suicides religious codes of Western civilization wich and the related problems. can affect the accurate recording of suicides. "The police are not involved in attempted Dr. Stanley F. Yolles, Director of the Na¬ suicides," Abeles said, "Many people give the tional Institute of Mental Health, estimates attempt some thought. Some come to the that actual attempts are probably twice the counseling center because they have at¬ reported annual figures. tempted suicide, others because they are Perhaps the most disturbing statistic, how¬ thinking about it." ever, is the high toll suicide takes among the Abeles believes that the high suicide rates young. It tanks third as the cause of death in among college students is partially due to the IS to I* year old group a ad second among problems related to the development from college students. One estimate placed teen¬ late adolescence to adulthood. A suicide at¬ age suicides at 550 in a recent year. The sui¬ tempt or thought about it is connected to cide rate is also generally higher among uni¬ larger problems of depression, anxiety and versity students in Great Britain than the gen¬ frustration, he said. eral British population and notably higher at "People react in many ways to these prob¬ Oxford and Cambridge. lems," Abeles said. "Some take them out in¬ The paradox of a high suicide rate for today's ternally. Many people who are alienated are college students, who apparently have more tion. An example would be the pre-med stu¬ able to take constructive action. Being aware to live for than any previous generation, con¬ dent who found that he could not live up to of alienation can bring the start of doing tinues to plague psychologists and sociolo¬ his highly-desired expectations. something about it. The person who is most gists. A study conducted by Philip R. Wer- The third and smallest of Durkheim's cate¬ in danger is one who feels alone and isolated dell for the student oriented Moderator es¬ gories was the "altruistic," a small anomal¬ and is not able or willing to do something timated that 34 per cent of all college deaths ous group of martyrs who take their lives for about it." are suicides. Only accidents caused more philosophical reasons. deaths (37 per cent), and the study concluded The suicide that occurs on a college campus, The course of giving alienated individuals that the suicide rate for the colleges surveyed however, often has deep-seated roots of depres¬ the chance to "do something" about their feel¬ was 50 per cent higher than that for the sion far in the past. Occasionally this symp- ings has been followed by some groups. Such an organization is the Samaritans, comprised American public as a whole. ton is strong enough to manifest itself in a Such children are often of 181 groups in 23 countries who offer counsel¬ This is possibly a" symptom of what Yale's childhood suicide. head psychiatrist Dr. Robert L. Arnstein has found to be without friends and holding no ing and telephone service to potential suicides. Dr. Robert Litman of the Los Angeles Sui¬ called the "totally trapped" student. part in a peer social group. Sleeplessness and cide Prevention Center said that "prevention" In a study of 23 suicide cases on the Ber¬ anxiety can be a warning sign of this depres¬ sion. Alcohol and barbiturates were often used centers are actually more first aid and refer¬ keley campus from 1952 to 1961 the typical suicide victim was found to be withdrawn by suicides who took their lives by other means. ral programs than actual preventive de¬ and friendless. One such person was not vices. Apparently giving a person who is on the brink of suicide even the minimal oppor¬ found in his room until 18 days after his Norman Abeles, associate professor of psy¬ death. The suicidal Berkeley group was gen¬ tunity of communication such as a telpehone chology and Asst. Director of the MSU Coun¬ call to a stranger, can be helpful. Litman says erally older, with a greater proportion of lan¬ seling Service, feels that there is a healthier the more extreme the crisis, the less specific guage majors and foreign students. All ex¬ atmosphere at Michigan State than at schools cept one were considerably above average in professional training necessary. of comparable size. Abeles says that the treatment given a their schoolwork. student who has contemplated suicide is based The peak period for suicides in the Ber¬ on the individual's specific problems and the keley study was in the first six weeks of the "The University has made attempts to development of a relationship between coun¬ semester, with N of the 23 occuriug in Oc¬ break down residence halls into smaller units selor and student. tober or February, coutradictiag the usual gen- such as the new James Madison, Justin Mor¬ "A very thorough look is taken at how the eralizatMU that the .pressure of studies leads rill and Lyman Briggs colleges," Abeles said. to mure suicides during final exams. person feels about himself and others and "These tend to decrease alienation." how he can achieve some insight and under¬ Students of English literature were also "The University's living-learning units standing," Abeles said. particularly susceptible. Some left lengthy also make people feel there is a more per¬ dissertations, one ending with a quote from Attempted or threatened suicide are not the sonalized system," Abeles said. "Coed halls only symptoms of the problems of college stu¬ Camus, "Life as a human being is absurd." tend to divert energies away from being de¬ dents. After his survey Philip Werdell spec- This waste of frustrated creativity seems to be a recurring theme in college suicides. pressed and alienated. They may make people dents have emotional problems sufficient to more active, which is healthy." warrant professional help. Abeles said that of A coed at an eastern school jumped from Abeles pointed out, however, that the size the 25,000 student contacts made annually the 14th floor of the school's library. Authori¬ of a university is not necessarily the issue. with the counseling center about 15 per cent ties found a finished novel in her room which He said that there are people with as many are solely for personal problems. some professors said showed considerable merit. problems on small campuses as large cam¬ Other suicides appear to be the result of un¬ bearable anxiety stemming from the fear of failure. In one instance, the son of a phar¬ macist who had long dreamed of becoming a doctor, shot himself when he couldn't make the grade in a pre-med curriculum. Such cases seem to fall into the categories established shortly after the turn of the cen¬ tury by French sociologist Emil Durkheim and still accepted for their basic analysis of the types of suicidal instincts. Durkheim divided suicides into three specific areas. The first was the "egoistic," or the one who is poorly integrated into society. The highly creative coed would probably fit into this category. Durkheim's second category was the "ano- mic," one who was previously in equilibrium with his environment and society, but has been driven to suicide hy a loss of integra¬ Thursday, May 16, 1968 U' to help student rea to get a better perspecti re on what we are By JEFF JUSTIN complexity that characterized this school, Your life is entangled in tension, ties to he said. doing" ' Like Adams. Garfinkel believes that the stu¬ Sensing the intensity ®at surrounds Gar¬ parents, lovers, and friends pulling you into knots inside. I recall the character in Ingmar dent searches for identity through the Uni¬ finkel, I felt that the expiration of academic Berman's Winter Light versity. The administrator, he believes, must life in the residential J college might itself who committed suicide because of the Red Chinese. That dis¬ turn the tensions of that search to educa¬ become a cause of tension for some students, tant menace was vague enough, yet terrify¬ tional account. perhaps as mind-blowiug as the tension of ing enough, to be the focus of his interior, "I would submit to you," he said, "that in anonimity in the residencvialls. nameless dread, a tension society can help the Playboy Philosophy exemplified in some This feeling was givtrr voice by Lee Up- implant in you. The job of relaxing tensions ideas about living in apartments, as well as craft. Director of Studenf Relations for Jus¬ in the philosophy of total revolt, there is tin Morrill College in student life and organizing them to pull "You^have to realize that in one constructive direction toward self-hood a subversion of the values with which the residential college Sis a double-edged falls ultimately on you yourself, but the Ad¬ teachers should imbue students. Students sword," he said. "The, ,'itmopshere here is ministration of MSU feels an obligation to should reach for things that are not shoddy. intense because a ser^e of community is They should develop the academic value of real. Some students sty. The pressures help the student "The University is eventually going to be looking deeply into things and suspending around here are so greai i can't change, can't asking the student What is your ideal?' not their judgment until they do. " develop,' and they leave /he far more typical Where are you in your academic pro¬ Garfinkel is filled with an ebullient sort of response, though, is 'I am really helped by intensity. He punctuates his speech with aca¬ this environment,' " he said.' gram?" " Don V. Adams, director of Resi¬ dence Halls Programs, said. "We've got the demic jargon, searches for references, and "A student in a residence hall can change seems to be accomplishing four things at from one end of the ca^npus to the other, people to do this now. but there are no rewards for looking at the total develop¬ I once. You feel you should be energetically have the same type of fWing situation, and ment of the student as the first priority. agreeing or disagreeing with everything he start off fresh where nobody knows him, he said "There's no jfubt this can be a Right now the University is not primarily says. oriented to deal with student tensions. We "We have extensive cocurricular activi¬ benefit. We feel, though.® that in the life in are moving in that direction, though, and ties here," he said, "and these are a means Justin Morrill there's £ creative tension- MSU faster than any school in the country," of infusng academic values. They are option- the individual is pressured to commit him¬ he said. al-we're not brainwashing anyone But we've self. You know, it's irj.gic to walk away Adams has a vision of the University as had nationally known speakers, many from after four years of colle^p with just a piece a model structure which provides both the our own faculty, in an effort to reach into of paper. " he said. t proper environment within which it can the life of the residence hall. This weekend Upcraft's speech is t v.'nly modulated and assist the individual to achieve his self. He for example, we are organizing a trip for lucid with ideas. His mt^fache chimes in with gets enthused talking about it, leaning out of the students away from the college in order (Continued o ipage 11) his chair, gesturing, and concentrating fur¬ rowed brows on making his vision clear. "Tensions aren't the same for all stu¬ dents," he continued. "The freshman comes to the University generally as an example of the vocational type of student. He believes he knows what he wants and he views seniors as vascillating people. But there is a shatter¬ ing of his world in the freshman and soph¬ omore years. A seeking of experience follows this. But by the end of the junior year, the game of exposure is over. His new orien¬ tation as a senior is more like the fresh¬ man. "The University is not prepared for this change. It does not realize that this change is illogical. The role of the University should be to help men orient themselves to the ideals they decide on for themselves. It should help them to be satisfied with the dis¬ crepancy between their actions and the ideals they decide on. As it is." Adams continued, "there is no one around to interpret a student's failures, whether developmental or aca¬ demic. Residence hall staff are the third choice a student turns to for counsel, alter parents and friends. Still, we are much more sensitive to development than in the past, and at this University, faculty interest in development is far and away the highest." Asked about the variety of environments within the University and their effects on students, Adams said that freshmen and soph¬ omores should be required to live in resi¬ dence halls, with an option to leave if this should prove necessary for their develop¬ ment. "After all," he said, "many students come here seeking anonimity. which is found in the residence halls. This anonimity is the springboard for their achieverrtents. In the hall the student can be led to self-ques¬ tioning of his achievements, and this is what we should be doing there. The residential colleges reflect very strongly the Univer¬ sity's concern with total development of students." Herbert Garfinkel, dean of James Madi¬ son College, is an example of the concerned faculty member Adams praises. A respect¬ ed academician, he views his job as "deliber¬ ately infusing the peer group culture with aca¬ demic values." "Outside the residential college," Gar¬ finkel said, "the academic community is separated from the peer group-the resi¬ dence hall personality is not academic, and there is a small proportion of majors, which could provide community, in any single class. The University outside the residential col¬ lege does not harmonize academic values and living. "The residential college is not a panacea for all the ills of the University. But we are Photo by ,Mastafa EIHalwagy in existence because of the size and Michigan State News, East Lansing, Michigan J.S. Bv LEE charged with ELBINGER Vientiane, Laos April 9,1968 atrocities The following letter is reprinted exact¬ ly as I received it (with English gram¬ matical mistakes intact i and exactly as it was sent to the U.S. Embassy in Saigon: Saigon, \ iet nam, 10 April 1967 To: Mr. I S Ambassador to I iet nam, Saigon Dear Sir; I undersigned Xgo-Huong. ID Card \o. 467822, residing al No. 173/11/3 Hong-Thap- Tu Street Saigon, respectfully submit this claim because of the following sorrowful case: My son Mgo-phuoc-Tai, . horn in 1948, translator/interpreter of IS Special force B, 50 located in Xha-Trang, every month he had to go on TOY to highland provinces: Ranmethout, I'leiku and kontum with his bins, an American Major, about 20 or 25 days and returned home station in \ha-Trang. but the last time he left Xha-Trang from December 1966 until the end of January 1967 neither re¬ turn nor neu-s therefore I came to Xha-Trang and I found out that he was pushed down from helicopter and shot by his American employer in the jungle because of a discord between that I S Major ami 12 I ietnamese employees. The twelve I iet namese consisted of 2 inter¬ victim to the psychology of despair that political organization. This organization pervades Saigon when I decided to concen¬ supports the "coalition" i me? i walk behind his lips warmbrown hair spread out like velvet scars waiting for death. in the shadow of his belly -Sharron Marks The Rye Field i Photo by Mostofa Elhalwogy Top of my pigtails slipped under the grass at noon, I was peanut buttered licking crumbs from puppy's nose when the reaping machine strangely left our uncut. patch of picnic sky Living I, but a boy, afraid to advance in the room II with the dying person. Across the grass grown down to us She, tiny and weak, * by dusk, another reaper weighing less than I, worked his single blade unable to move or eat. A to sweat, then held out his hand to us as though dried bread But smiling Clover leaf from-the clouds "I'll come see you when I'm well," and shrunken grain she said smiling, Cement clover leaf, recline; roundly had made us big below the and I answered O.K. Silver winged sliver Oi_t I fly enough to help. knowing it wasn't, V Clover leaf, conveying cars like assembly lines. -Cathy Hoven And she kept smiling Help to save time and talking at me though we both knew. Cars marching in tiny "Ak »" Long steaming lines, witlifkggage on racks. And they said I could go Now and then a giant catcpnllar appears because she'd seen me Carrying six shrouded carbon its long humpy back. and was smiling. So I left and played ball Four perfect circles-lucky leaf Saturday night 1968 in the yard. -Ron Engeland Product of minds of prec^i an, Euclid to laborers A ceiling of indolent smoke bows our heads, Slide rules and bluepaper**'* seeps from the in to the out and back. Orange dinosaurs Rhyming internal, spread flat Disembowelled grean eat «. for a mass dissection by the meter, Sweat and muscles we're a multiple therapy session midw£-d the birth. sketched out on the floor i our empty balloons overhead - awaiting publication in Psychology Today: Thoreau might weep Special Issue on Alienation, Contemplating horses without grean shade and waiting for the fog. But he's not in my jet *' to decide which way it's going. That is even more still that j his stillness of his small one dimeiftion -Cathy Hoven -Alice Carey 3 Michigan State News, East Lansing, Michigan U.S. (Continued Captain kills interpreter on page 6) school) (Catholic, and with merely several maintaining children) a the family man (presumably because of the incident in the is forced to live with enormous insecurity helicopter) was transferred to another and insufficient renumeration. Consequently, department. he seems to have adopted the American cus¬ I drove out to the Green Beret camp tom (in Asian eyes, it is an American where everyone was quite friendly and kind custom) of preceding every decision and (they offered me spaghetti and Scotch) each action with a drink of Scotch, of chain until I asked a boat Nguyen-taaa-Kiet. At smoking, or working extremely hard, and of that point the mood changed abruptly and worrying. I was asked "What do you want to see Mr. Ho's story once again correlated with him for?" I told them that I was doing a Mr. Huong's letter. It seems that on Jan. 2. human interest story on his family in Saigon 1967, Capt. Wilson led twelve Vietnamese on and I had come out to Nha-Trang to inter¬ a mission that included three province view him. The lie fooled no one and the capitals. In the course of the mission, an Green Berets remained highly suspicious. argument ensued between the captain and one They told me Kiel was a nobody, a truck of his subordinates (the letter to Col. driver or a dish washer, and that I would Kelly says the argument concerned thievery, definitely not be interested in speaking to but Mr Ho denies this). Capt. Wilson is him. Furthermore, I was told that he could then alleged to have beaten his disobe¬ not speak English and was very busy at the dient subordinate, at which point Nguyen- moment. I expressed surprise and said that phuoc-Tai interfered to reestablish peace. his family in Saigon claimed that Nugyen- The captain ordered the cook and the house- tuan-Kiet was an interpreter, so I was boy to shed their clothes and walk home to thus more eager than ever to interview Nha-Trang (a journey of 300 miles) him-merely to see if he could speak Eng¬ wearing nothing but their underwear This lish. This tipped off the Green Berets that was clearly a death sentence, and the other I knew more than I was letting on, so I was ten Vietnamese refused to work if this action asked to wait while permission was obtained carried The concerned, the case was-closed. Since Ngo- was out captain then became from the commanding officer of the U.S. furious and ordered phuoc-Tai never showed up after being pushed more helicopters to Special Forces Camp in Nha-Trang. "All return the work crew to Nha-Trang. Two out of the helicopter. Major Tung believes this to talk to a track driver?" I said, but that he was either 11 captured by the Viet helicopters came (after much waiting) and I waited. Naturally, permission was denied the work crew was given what the marines and no explanation given. The Green Berets Cong or 21 died of starvation and/or disease call "half a helicopter ride." That is. mem¬ in the jungle Major Tung does not subscribe then asked me if they could be of any more bers of the Vietnamese crew were forcibly to the theory that Capt Wilson shot his help to me, and I assured them that they pushed out of the low-flying helicopters and had done quite enough. interpreter. "These men," the major said, "are not animals. They do not shoot people left in the jungle to return to Nha-Trang as My interview with Major Tung of the cor¬ for no reason. I am convinced that there is best they could. The first to be pushed responding (but subordinate) South Viet¬ out was Nguyen-phuoc-Tai. and a burst namese Special Forces Camp in Nha-Trang a good explanation for what occurred on that day. " of machine gun fire accompanied his expul¬ was much more fruitful, but it took an entire sion. None of the others was shot (pre¬ morning of driving around Nha-Trang to find I, too, was convinced that there is an sumably the sight of Tai's fate accom¬ the major due to the fact that no one seemed explanation for what occurred on that day, but I not convinced that the plished what the captain had in mind): all to know where he could be located I was was explanation of the others returned to file affadavits introduced to all sorts of men in the South is good. I had exhausted my list of names and had obtained very little information. against the captain. The survivors were not Vietnamese forces who genuinely wanted to All attached to Wilson's detail after that inci¬ that I could say for sure was: 1) Nguyen- help me locate Major Tung, but who were dent. but otherwise, nothing further hap¬ either misinformed or ignorant of his where¬ tuan-Kiet is in Nha-Trang, does not speak pened. Officials seemed to have iost this abouts. The whole incident was a trifle English, and cannot be interviewed, 2) the incident in the stack of similar murders that embarrassing (I wondered what the same possibility exists that the men were caught occur daily in Vietnam. Nguyen-phuoc-Tai. men would do if they needed to locate the stealing, 3) the mysterious and evil "U.S. loyal to the American cause, received a major) and I was grateful for the patience major" is, after all, Capt. Wilson. So I bullet for his efforts So says Mr. Ho. of the U.S. soldier who drove my jeep (he flew back to Saigon to sort out what I had Mr Ho and I talked leisurely about was as baffled as I was at South Vietnamese learned and to decide what to do next. the "situation" in Vietnam (i.e., the Amer¬ Back in Saigon I told all interested parties inefficiency) and who finally helped me ican failure to achieve even its most mod¬ track down the elusive major. what I had discovered and they were dismayed est goals) and I learned, as Mr. Ho My experience with Major Tung was en¬ by the paucity of my results- all except for spoke, of our important difference in atti¬ tirely different from my experience with the Ngo-Huong who never expected results tude toward this (and similar) incidents. Green Berets. The major had nothing to and whose morose expression never changed My reaction to the above story is one of hide and he. too, was personally interested upon learning that I was unable to extract intense rage at the injustice that was done in the disappearance of Ngo-phuoc-Tai. He more information than he could. to Nguyen-phuoc-Tai. 1 do not know the At this point I was given the address of opened his files on this subject and we nature of his disagreement with Captain Wil¬ poured over them together. The files con¬ Nguyen-dihn-Ho in Nha-Trang and told son. but it surely did not warrant capital tained affadavits written by the witnesses to look him up. This man was Ngo-phuoc- punishment. In my opinion, Wilson is a mur- and carbon copies of letters exchanged be¬ Tai's second father-the man he lived with derer-a wanton, cruel, cowardly murder¬ tween various personages on this subject. while working in Nha-Trang. Mr Ho is the er who hides behind the facade of ideology The affadavits of the witnesses bore out the principal of an English school in Nha-Trang. and duty to exercise his perverted passion same story outlined in Ngo-Huong"s letter, is pro-American, and knows all the facts for self-aggrandisement. He disgusts me but I was able to obtain some new informa¬ of this case. He supervised the rounding- and he fills me with shame. I would go so tion. up of the witnesses, the gathering of affada¬ far as to say (based on my experience in In a letter dated Jan. 31, 1X7, from Gen¬ vits, and the translation of letters for Mr. Vietnam) that the "men" who enjoy the eral Doan Van Quang, Commanding General Huong when Huong returned to Saigon. Mr. bloodbath in Vietnam-like the French who of Vietnamese Special Forces, to Colonel Huong wrote a letter in Vietnamese to his enjoyed Algerian torture and the Germans Francis J. Kelly, Commanding Officer of the friend Mr. Ho and asked him to please co¬ who enjoyed Nazi persecutions-are desper¬ Fifth U.S. Special Forces Groap Air Borne operate with me as I was trying to help ately sick and dangerous men. I shudder to them locate his son or obtain compensation think of the medals they win and the fact permission ta see Nagyen-taan-Kiet) a for same. I procured a taperecorder and set that they will one day walk the streets of brief descriptioa of the events of Jan. 1967, off once again to Nha-Trang. armed with a America: criminals and psychopaths ac¬ con Id be found. Tke letter was basically a specific address and a specific set of ques¬ claimed as "heroes." It is a sad moment in request for aa investigation or an explana¬ tions (such as "Can Nguyen-tuan-Kiet or the history of America that the lunatics are tion (neither of which were obtained) can he not speak English?" ). now in charge. The Army harbors much of of the events that led to Tai's disappear¬ 1 checked back in the Nha-Trang press the human garbage in our society: the human ance and revealed the claim by the "U.S. camp on December 12. The press camp misfits, misanthropists, cynics, morons, the major" that the cook and the houseboy who was covered with Christmas decorations and unloved, the unloving, the cruel, sadistic, were beaten (aad thus instigated the inci- a holiday spirit reigned. Morale in Nha- the morally and intellectually crippled. Trang was incredibly high and, as a result, These people can go nowhere else and do More relevant facts could be found in the I benefited greatly by the atmosphere of help¬ nothing else but take orders, give orders, major's files: the man allegedly responsible fulness. I was soon chaueffered to Mr. Ho's and kill. I hate them, I fear them, and I pity for Ngo-phuoc-Tai's death was not a major, house (and adjacent school) and we (Mr. them. But mine is a typically Western reac¬ but a captain-Capt. Wilson, commanding Ho and I) were soon sitting hunched over tion. officer of A-503/Special Forces (whatever my tape recorder and a glass of Scotch re¬ The Vietnamese-being Asian-see the that means). There were two sergeants creating the circumstances surrounding Ngu- whole incident differently. Mr. Ho and Mr. also involved who drove the helicopters and yeo-phuoc-Tai's disappearance. Huong do not really feel rage at what hap¬ » presumably could supply the "American" I taped an hour interview with Mr. Ho pened to Nguyen-phuoc-Tai, for the period of version of this story: SSG Robert L Dodd that is interesting more for the insight it grief has been long, for human life is cheap (RA 24C2SM2) and SGT Paul G Corchado gives into Vietnamese life than for the new in Vietnam, for the Oriental attitude toward (RA11431111). light it shed on Tai's case. Mr. Ho is an death is characterized by a Buddhist resig¬ The major could tell me no more: no amiable but confused man. He is quite nation. They do, however, feel rage: at the court martial was ever arranged for Capt. tough, for he has to be: to survive the polit¬ fact that the family of Nguyen-phuoc-Tai was Wilson and no compensation was ever offered ical roller-coaster in Nha-Trang of cooper¬ to Ngo-Hoong As far as the military was ating with the Americans (by running a (Continued on page 12) Thursday, May 16, 1968 9 COMMENTARY Turmoil hits Nigerian campus Much controversy has been raised in recent weeks over Collage'* coverage of the Nigerian crisis. The following article is an attempt to eli¬ minate mnch of the misunderstanding a boat this little-known war. Its purpose is not to promote either faction in the war, hat rather to offer a factual description of the war's course and its consequences. Collage'* position is not pro-Bia- fran. Neither is it pro-Nigerian. It is pro-peace. By JIM BUSCHMAN The Nigeria Programs Office at Michigan State was once one of the busiest offices in the Interna tinal Programs Bldg. Only a little over two years ago it coordinated the activities of more than 30 MSU faculty hated the Ibos who came North with better And so the war rem*. m4 virtually un¬ members and their families on assignment education to take away many jobs. changed, while Nigeria ar* feafra offer¬ at the University of Nigeria. Their job was The Ibos in turn hated the Hausea, who ed. Nigeria's foreign exdtt%e reserves were to develop programs at the university to the for years had dominated Nigeria's internal cat ia half, from $171.5 ripaa la INS to point where Nigerian faculty and staff could affairs, having a majority of the country's $87.2 milHoa ia 1K7. Petrafeam pradactioa take them over and continue the university's population. Certainly religious differences for January of ths year waj approximately work after the Americans were gone. Though also played a part: the North was largely 5 per cent of the rate a y<>,' earlier. Mean¬ the largest number of professors was involved Moslem and oriented toward the Arab world, while Biafra coutiaaed payfe Portagal ia in agriculture, Michigan State also provided while the East was primarily Christian. Biafran currency which wj^ld be valueless men in such areas as engineering, economics The Western Region, also primarily unless they won the war. • , and continuing education. Christian, was controlled by the Yoruba The major powers pressed ior talks to end The Continuing Education Centre served an tribe, which had a majority in the region. the war. General Gowon, Iwa.ever, refused to important twofold purpose- Western leaders were split on what to do: talk until the Biafrans formally renounced First, it served as a base from which join with the North in an uneasy alliance the idea of secession. This likewise appeared the university could set up classrooms and against the East; or perhaps consider se¬ to be a deadlock until Tanzania's President professors for non-Credit adult classes cession themselves. In the end they chose to Julius Nyerere announced that his govern¬ taught in area centers throughout the East¬ remain with the federation. ment now officially recognjz*d the existence ern Region of Nigeria. Primarily, these In January of 1987 both parties met in of Biafra as an independent nation. Not only classes taught better agricultural methods to Aburi, Ghana, to decide what would be nec¬ that, he indicated plans to |Vess other Afri¬ the farmers of the region. They also taught essary to maintain unity and peace in Nigeria. can nations to do the sari* at the upcom¬ English, the official language of the country. They came away from the meeting with a list ing meeting of the Organs ttion of African Secondly, the Centre held conferences for of proposals aimed at decentralizing the na¬ Unity. various groups who came to the campus at tion. The position of the East was that the ,^> Nsukka to learn more about their occupa¬ two sides should abide by the Aburi Agree¬ Gowon, sensing that the cltances of achiev¬ tions-groups such as policemen, poultry ments. Th Federal Government, however, ing his aims would perhaps not be this good farmers, high school teachers. argued that they had not fully agreed to all again, announced that he \»; s willing to talk On May 30. 1967, the Eastern Region of the proposals. Colonel Ojukwu warned them without any conditions ^forehand. Last Nigeria declared itself the independent na¬ that if the Aburi Agreements were not ad¬ week the talks began in Londoy tion of Biafra. Four weeks later the first- hered to, the East would be forced to secede. As with the U.S. - Nortn Vietnam talks and only-graduating class of the University Soon afterward, Ojukwu pulled the East out in Paris, the London m£s are merely of Biafra held its commencement exercises. of the federation. preliminary discussions.' " The Biafrans Soon afterward the university closed its will not concede anything' until they are It appears that the motives of both par¬ doors and the students went home. For Ni¬ sure that when they put do»^n their weapons, ties from this point on were guided by one geria was on the verge of a civil war which main influence: oil. Oil had made the East they will not face mass extermination. This has virtually destroyed not only the years of rich enough that they felt they could do with¬ has happened to whole segments of the Bia¬ effort by the team from Michigan State, but in out the rest of the country. On the other hand, fran population during the course of the many respects the entire nation itself. the Federal Government realized that without war. However, the Biafrans, when given the For years Nigeria was highly regarded chance, have eliminated portions of the Ni¬ as one of Africa's leaders. It had somehow this oil Nigeria's position as an economic power in Africa would be impossible to gerian Army in a like manner. managed to keep its mutually distrustful Most of the atrocities on both sides have maintain. They had to bring Biafra back into tribes and regions together in one democracy. the federal union, regardless of their feel¬ been fully reported in the British and Amer¬ It had also become one of the wealthiest ican press whenever facts have been known ings of the Biafrans themselves. nations in Africa, largely due to American -and indeed, often when ally rumors were But although the oil was in the Eastern and British oil interests. These oil inter¬ available. This has caused great concern Region, it was not in Ibo territory. The oil ests were in the Eastern Region. among many of the Nigerian and Biafran lay in the Rivers Area, populated by sev¬ But those who pointed with pride to Niger¬ students in those countries, .who still retain eral smaller tribes. If the Ibos wished to ia's unity as a nation somehow overlooked their friendships despite tj* war. More than secede, the government argued, why should the fact that the mutual distrust was being most, the students want peace as soon as they drag unwilling tribes along with them? replaced by a mutual hatred. Riots began The answer seemed to be the same-for possible so they can return to their homes erupting in several Northern cities between the oil. and the friends they left-friends of all those who lived in the region, largely Hausa, tribes. Both sides appealed to Great Britain and and those Ibos from the Eastern Region who At this stage it is too early to determiae the United States for help. The two nations had come in search of jobs. what coarse peace wiH take. R would seem The hatred increased when, in a military officially followed accepted diplomatic proce¬ that the aaly way that Hie Biafram caa in¬ dure and continued to recognize the Federal takeover, the Prime Minister (a Northerner) sure their survival is to aak far Usited Government as the legitimate government was assassinated, along with the regional Nations sapervistoa. Naturally, the Biafraas of all Nigeria, while at the same time stat¬ prime ministers of the West and North, while wish also to renuia Biafraat. The chaaces the Prime Minister of the East escaped ing that this was an internal affair of Nigeria, of this seem greater as the tofts drag aa, and that therefore they would remain neutral. unharmed. Nigeria's new leaders was an since other African nations may soon follow Privately, the major concern of the United Eastern military officer, Major-General States was for its oil interests, which were Tanzania's lead and give Biafra afficial rec¬ Aguiyi-Ironsi. Six months later he was him¬ now dormant, and would remain so as long ognition. self assassinated, as were many army offi¬ There is no University of Nigeria/Biafra as the war continued. Great Britain, which cers of Eastern origin. His replacement- any more. The place wfkere it once stood had received 10 per cent of its oil from Major-General Yakubu Gowon from the North. Nigerian oil fields, also realized the ur¬ is in federal-held territory now. Reports gency of the situation. Though it could do from the area say that *Nsukka is a ghost The riots began again in the North with town and that those university buildings which increased violence, and thousands of Ibos nothing officially, it began providing clan¬ destine support for the side felt to be most have not been destroyed are serving as bar¬ left their belongings and fled back to their racks for the Nigerian Afrmy. The books in homes in the East. The Military Governor of capable of ending the war and renewing the the library have been burnejl. the East, Colonel Odemegwu Ojukwu, an¬ drilling operations. That side was the Niger¬ There is still a door in: the International nounced that his government could no longer ian Federal Government. Programs Building whieh reads 'Nigeria take responsibility for the safety of non-East¬ Nigeria also received aid from the Soviet Programs." But not miici happens behind erners. This then started a mass movement Union, eager to gain a foothold in West that door any more. The personnel is down of Westerners and Northerners away from Africa after the Ghana disaster. But Biafra to three. There is Irving! Wyeth. coordinator the East. began receiving a steady supply of goods and of the Nigeria Project, and his secretary It should be obvious by now that relations arms from Portugal. The war, contrary to They haven't had much Vo coordinate lately. the early predictions, did not end; instead, And there is Andy Doyte, Chief of Party. between the Eastern Region and the rest of it evolved into a stalemate. The Biafrans First he was exiled to Cagos from the uni¬ Nigeria were hardly cordial. The important point to understand is that the basis for this had been pushed into an area about one-third versity. and now he too has returned to East rift did mn lie merely in the events of their original size. Most of their major cities Lansing. Doyle i* the party. No one else is had been captured. But the Nigerian Army left. He's just keepjng thie .'door open. Maybe the previous few years, though these were bloody and brutal enough. The basis lay in was not powerful enough to break into this someday, he hopes. Michigai State can go back stronghold. Nsukka-and start all over af am traditional tribal animosities: The Hausas 10 Michigan State News, East Lansing, Michigan Facing equality's challenge By RALPH W. BONNER the races. White Americans point to the Ne¬ and gro's self-destructive behavior patterns and KNIGHT D. McKESSON ascribe to them his failure to take full ad¬ The challenge is clear. We must help to vantage of the opportunities tha't are now open¬ close the gap in education, in housing, in the ing to him. They advance the conclusion that fullness of living. And we must do it now. from here on in, the problem of inequality for the danger signals are flashing. is largely the Negro's own problem which he In Lansing the problems perhaps are not will have to solve for himself. so apparent because of an unusually stable Negroes know that the problems of the economy, bolstered by three base indus¬ ghetto, psychological as well as social and tries: state government, education and auto¬ economic, are the result of the attitude of the motive. But even the blindest among us must white majority. The walls of the ghetto are the unmistakable signs. held in place by those on the outside, not see The under¬ currents are swirling to the surface to burst by those within. upon us as fear, resentment, hate There is no mystery about what is actually The man who silently hermits a demean¬ happening in our cities. They have become a ing ethnic "joke" to go unchallenged is as vast "stopping place" for families on their guilty in his contribution to the unsettled way up the economic and social ladder. Those times in which we live as the young hoodlum who can, abandon the city for the suburbs. who throws the stone through the Negro They continue to make their living in the church window city, but leave it to its own devices after We face crisis again this year, but it is dark. The problem of the city are dumped on not the fact of the crisis that is most dis¬ those who have the fewest resources to deal turbing. The way we are failing to act is the with them--Negro citizens and members of cause for gravest coacera. Certainly, the other suppressed minorities who have been denied economic and social mobility. With each greatest sin among as is Moo-involvement. Crisis should draw as together, hut instead year, the cities become more crowded, a little we withdraw in fear to oar iasalar cap¬ poorer, a little less able to serve the needs Its release couldn't have been more timely, of their citizens. The schools deteriorate. sules of self righteoasaess, saying to our¬ for all over the country people are arming The welfare rolls and crime rate inch up. selves, "Lord kaoars I haven't a prejudiced themselves and police departments are The tax base falls further. More white bone in my body, bat . . Aad another cri¬ stocking war weapons like armored cars and sis is built on the dead boaes of the first. families give up on the city and move to the tanks. We are paralyzed by doubts. Every move suburbs^ The door shuts tighter on those who The report points out the terrible dangers cannot escape. that is made brings an avalanche of criticism of such actions. It also documents the way and second guesses. We spend more time look¬ The Urban League concentrates all the police forces can provoke trouble because of resources it can gather on specific action a lack of appropriate training in human rela¬ ing for a likely spot to place the blame than in programs which seem to offer the greatest tions and in dealing with tense situations. seeking a solution. The time has come to ask ourselves: Does promise of breaking this malignant cycle. Another great value of the report is that is Our chief concerns are programs designed it really matter at this juncture whether puts the essential blame for disorders where it to improve the quality of education in public the blame for the situation in which we find belongs-on white racism. "What white Amer¬ schools; to expand the housing supply and to icans have never fully understood," says the ourselves is apportioned fairly? It is nec¬ secure public and voluntary health services essary that we formulate the diagnosis to Commission, "but what the Negro can never for Negroes and other minorities; to provide everyone's satisfaction before we get on wuth forget, is that the white society is deeply the treatment of the disease which is wAt- job training and upgrading for the unskilled, implicated in the ghetto. White institutions and open new and expanded employment oppor¬ ing our society? created it, whte institutions maintain it, tunities for those who have been denied them; The Greater Lansing Urban League is a and white society condones it." and to increase minority group participation The Commission's report has also pointed professional community service organization and committed to securing equal opportunites for authority in community affairs. out the enormous but manageable cost of We know too well that in each of the areas Negroes and other minorities in all areas in freeing black Americans from the cnsnarling which we work, the active partnership of every mesh of unemployment, underemployment, the Greater Lansing region. segment of the nation will be needed to com¬ miseducation. welfare and ill housing. But It is non partisan and interracial in its plete the job we can only begin. The walls of what the Commission did fail to do. is pro¬ leadership and staff. the ghettos can be torn down. Our cities The Urban League has adopted as its over¬ vide us with a meaningful timetable. can be integrated. Urban life can be made It that the recommendations all objective. "Kqaaliziag Life Chances." constructive and whole. The only question is appears As a tool for planning toward this goal, we ought to be fitted into a time-limited, whether we will make the effort that is re¬ seek to measure "the racial gap." The ra¬ phase-oriented plan. Tangible goals should cial gap, however, defines not the lack of quired. No one can anser, "yes, the nation be set up in housing, in employment and in will," or "yes, Lansing will," unless he education. There should be a definite time¬ "equal chances" but the absence of "equal commit himself personally to the struggle. results." "Equal chances" carries with it a table for progress. Certainly major gains have been made in the connotation of "eqaal opportunity"-the last ten years in the civil rights field, yet removal of the legal aad social barriers At any given point we should be able to the median income of white and Negro fam¬ to advancement and upward mobility for say: "Yes. we have reached such and such ilies has been drawing apart. As technologi¬ members of the Negro community a percentage of our original plan. At the cal advances eliminate more of the unskilled No one knows the enormity of the task end of this year schools and housing will be of solving the ghetto problems better than jobs which are held by a disproportionate num¬ improved by so much, and by next year Ne¬ the Urban League, which has attempted to ber of Negro workers, the gap can only groes and other minorities will be on a widen. Corporations and unions must assume deal with the urban Negro's problems in completely equal basis." employment, housing and education, since the responsibility for providing the train¬ Without such a timetable, frustrations 1910-long before it was generally recog¬ ing and advancement opportunities that will can only continue to mount. People are tired nized that the future of the nation was iden¬ prevent the Negro from becoming the chief of promises that they have heard repeated tified with the welfare of the urban popula¬ victim of automation in American life. over and over gain. They want to see change. tion. Housing programs have to date resulted in They want that job now, they want decent It is "equal results" for the Negro which few integrated communities. In most in¬ housing now, and they want to see their kids is the Urban League's guiding objective. stances urban renewal has only changed the get a good education now. We cry out, "What do they want?" Each of borders of the Negro ghetto, giving rise to After reading the report, there is little us knows what "they" want. the bitterly accurate description "urban re¬ doubt that America is facing a national If we were to look beneath the abstrac¬ newal is Negro removal." The end of residen¬ crisis as grave as any in history. Unless tial segregation will only be brought about America stirs herself mightily she will tions, we could arrive at a true consensus when families make an active effort to open be splintered for not being able to deliver among Americans about the goals each. their neighborhoods to all. the basic freedoms on which she was man pursues: a good job, a comfortable home in a safe, pleasant neighborhood, a wife The festering community problems need founded. who does not have to work to support the sound progressive, aggressive leadership at Like every great national mission, making family, children who will be able to get a the local level-the same type of top America into a truly open society with jus¬ good education. echelon business leadership given to fund- tice for all will demand some sacrifices. The basic fact we are deali^ with is that raising drives and various local civic activi¬ The Commission mentions the need for these goals are aat of reach for a large part ties. The problem of unemployment, training higher taxes to finance its proposals. A lot of oar popalatioa. Is it possible that, idealis¬ for jobs, housing of Negroes in urban areas of people will also find it painful to change tic as we are as a people, we caa permit is a human problem-not just a racial prob¬ the attitudes and special provileges of a one totally iaroaseqoeatial fact-that a man lem. Solution of the problem requires total lifetime. is a Negro-to remaia a haadicap in the community involvement, not just government But when we see what the alternatives achievement of these goals? or social agencies. are. there really isn't much choice. Perhaps it is embarrassing to look at the The recently released report by the Presi¬ We can be a living democracy, with problem stripped own to these simple dent's Commission on Civil Disorders has equality for all our citizens, or we can questions. Whether one is the victim of the caused many of our national, state and local become a dying democracy using arms status quo or feels responsible for it, it is officials to take a second look at the direc¬ to perputate the status quo. easier to think that the suffering we find so tion in which this country's race relations The choice is America's. difficult to alleviate is rooted in a problem are headed It is a forceful and frank docu¬ Ralph Bonner is the Executive Director of epic dimensions. We talk about the great ment, one which doesn't try to hide the great of the Greater Lansing Urban League. hostility, fear and suspicion which separates dangers the nation faces. Michigan State News, East Lansing, Michigan Thursday, May 16, 196812 not The System' (Continued from page 8) compensated financially for his death. ask "What lacks justice happened0 ' (for then he will surely lose his sanity) but must ask "Where I knew and what information the for I wanted from embassy. He asked me what paper I wrote and I said Michigan Stale Vfirs. He then This fact is the cause of much bitterness, do we go from here"'" a bitterness foreign to Western minds. If the I thanked Mr. Ho and flew back to Saigon proceeded to give me a long explanation of rich Americans are going to kill poor Viet¬ with a taped interview, notes, ideas, confusion, why college students would not be interested and weariness of the case of Nguyen- in reading about this case, and how I should namese boys, this is the nature of the world write something pmiiive about the U.S. effort and must be accepted as such. But if the rich phuoc-Tai. I tried to imagine what went through Tai's mind when he realized that he in Vietnam. I cut him short (his manner Americans kill a poor Vietnamese boy and was going to be pushed from the helicopter offended and bored me) and asked to know do not pay kin family: this is unjust. The and I tried to pierce the darkness of Wilson's what-if anything-had been done about Mr. attitude is simply that the boy is gone and cannot return, but the family must survive. mind to see his incredible rage at the stu¬ Huong's letter. I was told to wait one day for To deny consolation and existence to the pidity and disobedience of his subordinates. a reply. Only one explanation for the incident: cul¬ On the next day I learned that the em¬ boy's family is considered the supreme insult, the grossest injustice, the most tural communication failure. bassy had never received Mr Huong's let¬ One week later I walked into J.U.S.P.A.O. ter. Why? Liaison man: "Well, as you know, callous offense. Mr. Ho did not ask me (as a Westerner might expect) "Why (the Joint U.S. Public Affairs Office) and postal service in Vietnam is quite poor." I asked to the liaison man to the U.S. thanked the U.S. embassy for its (non ) did Capt. Wilson do what he did?", rather he see embassy. This man, a balding, talkative, help and there the matter rests. Nguyen- queried "Why don't the Americans pay?" The taperecorder captured our variance on salesman type, was-as is customary with phuoc-Tai is dead. Capt. Wilson is on the American officials in Vietnam-quite help¬ loose;, postal service in Vietnam is poor, this issue: my questions tried to probe his ful and friendly until you need him. I dropped and the U.S. embassy (as always) knows personal feelings on the moral and political the facts of Capt. Wilson's case on him like nothing. So it goes. implications of this incident and his answers I would like to see Capt. Wilson brought to (so sophisticated and worldly is he) kept a bombshell. I gave him a mimeo-copy of Huong's letter, told him of my interviews trial: Mr Huong would like to get paid for returning to the problem of compensation and tapes, and requested information about his dead son. Therein lies a significant Mr. Ho had seen enough of the world to know the embassy's actions in this matter (they difference in cultural attitude: compound that morality and politics are only of interest had, presumably, known about this incident these differences many times over on to those who are well-fed and have leisure time to read newspapers and discuss such since April, 1967). 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