M e e tin g N o tic e
Date:
Location:

Host:
Telephone:
Lunch:
Program:
Directions:

Thursday, March 25
Fenway Golf Club,
Old Mamaroneck Rd.,
Scarsdale, N.Y. 10583
Allan Tretera
914-472-1467
12 noon,
Luncheon with Business Meeting
Speaker to be announced
From Hutchinson Parkway going
North: off at Mamaroneck Road,
take a right, go to first traffic light,
turn right again, go through one
traffic light, club on left.
Going South on Hutch: get off at
Mamaroneck Road, and then follow
above.

Jim McNally, Wayne Remo, Jim Remo, and John Schoellner
won Net First place with a score of 425.
In the Championship Blue Flight, Bob Osterman took Fifth
place with a net score of 150, Dennis Flynn took seventh place
with a 152 net, and Jim McNally in Ninth place with a net
155.
In the Championship Red Flight, Scott Niven took First
place with a gross score of 162.
First place net winner in the Championship Red Flight was
Wayne Remo with a 143. Steve Cadewelli took Third place
with a net 146 and Larry Pakkala had Eighth place with a net
152.

C o m ing Events

March 16-19
March 25
TUES., April 13
WED., May 19
June 3
June 23
July 6
August
August 25
Nov. 9-11
Dec. 6-9

USGA Rules Workshop, Newark, N.J.
MGCSA Business Meeting, Fenway G.C.
Joint Meeting with CAGCS,
Shorehaven Golf Club
MGCSA Superintendent/Green Chair­
man Meeting, Woodway Country Club.
Field limited to 108 players for golf.
MGCSA Invitational Tournament,
Mount Kisco Country Club
Mass. Turfgrass Field Day,
South Deerfield
MGCSA Meeting, Siwanoy C.C.
MGCSA Family Picnic
Univ. of RI Field Day, Kingston
NYS Turfgrass Conference-Trade Show,
Rochester
NJ Turfgrass Assoc. Expo., Cherry Hill

New Orleans, February 1 at GCSAA International Turf Grass Con­
ference—Sherwood Moore with MGCSA Past President Bob
Alonzi, Chairman of the Committee which nominated Sherwood for
the Distinguished Service Award.

G CSAA News
R esults fro m O r la n d o . . .

Local talent fared well in GCSAA’s Championship Tour­
nament held January 28 and 29 at Walt Disney World’s tough
Palm Course.
In chapter competition, the New Jersey team consisting of

James A. Wyllie, CGCS, superintendent of Bayview Golf
Club, Brampton, Ontario, was elected the 46th President of
the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America
during the Association’s annual membership meeting in New
Orleans, February 3rd.

W a n te d T o Buy

JB
#*
EDITORIAL STAFF
Pat Lucas, Co-Editor.............................. Office 203-637-3210
Home 203-637-3939
Ted Horton, Co-Editor...........................Qffice 914-967-6000
Home 914-937-3613
OFFICERS
President..................... Michael Maffei, Back O’Beyond, Inc.
Office 914-279-7179; Home 914-278-9436
Vice-President..........Charles Martineau, Whippoorwill Club
Office 914-273-3755; Home 914-273-9112
Secretary......... Peter Rappoccio, Silver Spring Country Club
Office 203-438-6720; Home 203-866-4276
Treasurer
Sherwood Moore, Winged Foot Golf Club
Office 914-698-2827; Home 914-234-9469

4

New or used Buckner #17 quick-coupler valves.
Contact Pat Lucas, Innis Arden Golf Club

1

203-637-3210

Used 1" and 1!4 " Quick Coupler Valves and Keys, preferably
Buckner.
Contact:
Todd Polidor, Heritage Hills of Westchester
914-276-2000

Reprint permission is hereby authorized providing credit is
given to Tee to Green . . . unless author states otherwise.
Publication deadline for Tee to Green is 21 days before the
regular meeting.
Wyllie, who formerly served as 1981 GCSAA Vice Presi­
dent, was one of four officers elected and two appointed to
the Association’s Executive Committee. Officers elected were
Vice President Robert W. Osterman, CGCS, superintendent
of The Connecticut Golf Club, Easton, Conn., and Directors
Paul Boizelle, CGCS, superintendent of The Onwentsia Club,
Lake Forest, 111., and John P. Hayden, CGCS, super­
intendent of San Jose Country Club, Jacksonville, Fla.
Boizelle, who was appointed to the Board in 1980, was re­
elected to a two-year term. Hayden will serve a three-year
term.
In his first act as President, Wyllie appointed Osterman’s
opponent, James W. Timmerman, CGCS, superintendent of
Orchard Lake (Mich.) Country Club, to the 1982 post of
Secretary-Treasurer, and Richard V. Slivinski, CGCS, super­
intendent of golf courses for the City of Phoenix, Ariz., to
complete the final year of Osterman’s unexpired term as a
Director.
Wyllie said Slivinski’s appointment was intended to
establish a closer correlation between the geographical
balance within the membership and the Executive Committee.
“ 1 also feel this will ensure representation of the public golf
course superintendents within the Association,” Wyllie said.

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WELFARE: Please contact Bob Alonzi, 203-531-8910 (of­
fice), or 203-531-1930 (home) regarding any hospitalizations,
etc. of members of the MGCSA.
Penncross
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P a ra q u a t— V in d ic a te d !

When the Congress repeals the so-called Percy Amend­
ments, as it appears it will do shortly, the United States will
have remedied one of the most disgraceful episodes in its
foreign policy history. Because of this legislation, which bans
U.S. aid and cooperation in any foreign antidrug programs
that use the herbicide paraquat, the United States has en­
couraged the largest drug harvests ever seen.
For the past three years, under the effects of this law and
related actions, the United States has given free rein to drug
producers worldwide by denying Third World governments
access to one of the most effective marijuana and opium
poppy eradication technologies ever devised.
Paraquat, or 1-1 dimethyl 4-4 dipyridinium dymethyl sul­
phate, was first registered as an herbicide in 1966. Although it
is used throughout the U.S.A.—even after the enactment of
the Percy Amendment—on a variety of crops, such as wheat
and sugarcane, for weed eradication, it is ideally suited as a
killer of poppies and pot.
Paraquat’s primary advantage as a drug eradicator is that it
is extremely fast-acting. Unlike the other commonly used
herbicide 2,4-D, paraquate is activated by the ultraviolet rays
of sunlight and takes its toll in a matter of hours by complete­
ly dehydrating the plant. Its rate of effectiveness is almost
total.
Aside from its effectiveness, paraquat is relatively
inexpensive, easy to handle, and, despite the hysteria whipped
up by environmentalists and the dope lobby, quite safe.
Developed by Chevron Corporation, the water-soluble com­
pound is biodegradable. Paraquat becomes “tied” to the soil
once it touches the ground, and cannot be re-absorbed.
The Scare Story
' Under the Percy Amendment, the U.S. cannot participate
, in eradication programs using “any herbicide” that “is likely
to cause harm to the health of consumers” of the sprayed
drug. It was up to Califano’s HEW to determine if pot
contaminated with paraquat “could” possibly be detrimental.
Califano farmed out “studies” to a variety of laboratories,

La n d

and concluded that paraquat “could” indeed be harmful.
According to one of the technicians in these tests, the
methods used were “highly questionable.”
But according to a recent study of these tests issued by the
NADC, the tests omitted the fact that paraquat is easily and
rapidly expelled from the body. Research shows that
paraquat in the system has a half-life of only 36 hours—i.e.,
the level of the herbicide in the body is not cumulative. In
fact, using the same figures cited by Califano, a smoker
would have to consume 7,500 marijuana cigarettes, with each
“joint” containing 111 micrograms of paraquat, every 36
hours for 15 days to retain enough paraquat to exceed the
maximum safety level. The NADC report proves that this is
physically impossible.
No Evidence
As the technician told War on Drugs, “If you ask me if
paraquate could hypothetically be harmful, I’d have to say
yes. But if you ask me if paraquat causes less damage than the
marijuana smoked along with it, I’d also have to say yes. But
that’s not what Califano asked us. He only wanted to know if
paraquat ‘could’ be harmful. Yet to this day there hasn’t been
a single recorded case of paraquat poisoning.”
Even Sen. Charles Percy, the author of the amendment, ad­
mitted in a joint committee session in congress on Aug. 10,
1978 that there was no proof of a health danger from para­
quat. “The problem is,” he said, “when is anything really
proved? You don’t have to prove . . .in this case—paraquat—
the loss of your lungs.”
A Medical News World article entitled, “ ‘Facts’ on Para­
quat Menace in Pot Were Plucked Out of the Air” (Sept. 3,
1979), said the government’s conclusions were “done on the
basis of zero clinical evidence.”
Reprinted with permission from the monthly magazine WAR
ON DRUGS, 304 West 58th St., N. Y., N. Y. 10019 ($24/yr.)

Paraquat Approved for U.S. Marijuana Control
The federal Drug Enforcement Administration has ap-

R e c l a m a t i o n In c .

L a k e R e s to r a tio n s

“ Working Toward Aesthetics“
Engineering Consultation Provided Upon Request
R ic h a rd B o rre lli, P re s id e n t
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145 O ld K in gs H ig h w a y South
D arien, C o n n e c tic u t

proved the domestic use of the controversial herbicide para­
quat for eradicating marijuana crops.
Congress in the past has been so concerned about the
possible health hazards of paraquat that as recently as last
year it tried to restrict its use in other countries.
DEA has asked for and received clearance from the En­
vironmental Protection Agency to use the substance domesti­
cally, said David Hoover, a DEA spokesman.
—Credit: Greenwich Times 2/24/82

WHY NOT SAY WHAT YOU WANT?
• “ Do you want to go skating tonight, or would you prefer
to go to the movies?”
“ Whatever you want, dear.”
*

*

*

*

•

“ Shall we have a drink before lunch?”
“ What do you think?”
* * * *
• “ Would you rather fill in for me on Tuesday afternoon or
Wednesday afternoon, Hilda?”
“ Whichever is better for you, Marie.”
* * * *
Conversations of this kind take place every day. In each
case, one person asks another to express a preference. And, in
each case, the desired answer is not forthcoming. The individ­
ual who is questioned simply refuses to commit himself or
herself.
People who give this kind of equivocal answer will usually
tell you they were trying to be “ nice.” Since they don’t have a
strong preference, they think it is appropriate to let the other
person make the decision. But the people who receive such a
reply often don’t see anything “ nice” about it. Some say that
they feel it is a brushoff — the other person doesn’t care
enough to think about the question. Others feel put down.
They have asked someone to make a choice, only to have that
person refuse. The decision, then, is thrown right back to

them.
Pertinent Answers/So it turns out that it would usually be I
“ nicer” to be more responsive when you are asked such
questions. If you have a preference, say so. You can do so
directly, of course . . . “ I’d much rather go to the movies.”
But you don’t necessarily have to be so positive about it. In­
stead, you can express your answer in a way that leaves room
for the other person to share his or her feelings . . . “ Skat- j
ing sounds like fun, but I am a little tired tonight. Maybe the
movies would be a better choice.” The other person can then
go along with your preference — or try to persuade you to go
skating.
You can use the same kind of approach when you don’t I
really have any preference, but want to make sure the other I
person feels free to state one. Sometimes, of course, you may
know the answer your questioner wants, as in “ Shall we have
a drink before lunch?” In that case, it’s really “ nice” to j
supply the desired answer.
The point is that people who ask you to state a preference I
are usually asking for more than information. They are mak­
ing an effort to establish contact with you. Your response
should reward that effort by showing that you welcome this
attempt to reach out to you. In doing so, you demonstrate
that you really value the person as well.
Observation: Of course, human nature being what it is, ex­
pressing a definite preference won’t work every time. For
example . . .
“ Would you prefer filling in for me on Tuesday afternoon ;
or Wednesday afternoon, Hilda?”
“ Wednesday, Marie.”
“ All right, but there will be a few problems. I’ll have to
change one of my appointments — I thought sure you’d pick
Tuesday — but I can probably manage it.”
In this instance, “ Whichever is better for you, Marie”
might have been the better answer, after all. Still, you haven’t
lost anything by being honest — and you can always change
your mind.
—Research Institute Personal Report, January 29, 1981

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Put the proven performersl together for even better
control of brown patch, dollar spot and other
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I

T e r s a n ® 1991 fungicide and Daconil*
2787 are two of the m ost effective disease
control p ro d u cts on the m arket. And now,
these proven b road-spectrum fungicides
are labeled for ta n k m ixing. Together, they
give you even b e tte r control of m ajor tu rf
d iseases th a n w ith e ith er product used
alone. You get im proved control, yet w ithout
th e problem of phytotoxicity com m on w ith
som e tan k mixes.
A T e r s a n 1991/D aconil 2787 tan k mix
w ill give you c o n s is t e n t p e rfo rm a n c e
a g a in s t brow n p a tc h an d dollar sp o t—the
two m ost troublesom e diseases on tu rf each
sum m er. You’ll also get stro n g action on leaf
spot a n d o th e r im p o rta n t diseases. It’s the
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com prom ised.

*Daeonil 2787 is a registered trademark of Diamond
Shamrock Company.

Tank m ixing b rin g s o th er advantages,
too. W ith T e r s a n 1991 in your tank, you get
system ic action for protection from w ithin
the tu rf plant. Disease control is longer last­
ing an d is less affected by rainfall or fre­
q u e n t irrigation. Tank m ixing fungicides
w ith different m odes of action also reduces
c h an ces of benzim idazole resistance. You
help in su re the long-term effectiveness of
T ersan
1991 in y o u r d ise a se co n tro l
program .
T his year, plan on u sin g T e r s a n 1991 in
com bination w ith Daconil 2787. It’s the
ta n k mix tu rf diseases c a n ’t m atch.

With any chemical, follow
labeling instruction and
warnings carefully.

►

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ip ”
<K>

(SPB)

F acin g Up to an Expert
foolish question or saying, “ I don’t understand.” Admit that
• Charge your mental motors so you won't have to start out
you don’t know and have the expert explain in terms that you
cold. Before facing any expert, it pays to mull over the infor­
do understand. And keep asking questions until you are
mation and/or advice you are seeking. Think about the
satisfied that you have grasped the meaning of what has been
questions you should ask . . “ Why is this particular change
said.
being proposed?” . . “ How will this move affect employ­
ees?” Certainly, taking the time to jot down queries like these
•Take notes. When someone gives you new information or
can clarify your thinking. Moreover, knowing just what you
describes a process with which you are not familiar, simply
want to ask can help you keep the discussion on track and
trusting to memory is not a good idea. It’s better to jot down
ease any feelings of awkwardness.
a few key words, phrases, or even sentences to jog your
Another good idea is to check the file for material that is
memory. You can expand on the notes later while the discus­
similar in content to the matter that will be discussed — for
sion is still fresh in your mind.
example, a compensation report that was prepared last year
Another useful memory jogger: asking the expert to put
for another company. That way, you will be somewhat
certain things in writing. You can peruse this at your leisure.
familiar with some of the common terms and jargon — and
Sometimes, too, an expert can refer you to written informa­
this familiarity can provide clues to what the expert is getting
tion which covers the same ground succinctly.
at.
•Pave the way fo r a follow-up. What seems perfectly clear
•Prime the pump. Most people — experts included — are
during your discussion with the expert may not seem so later
willing to share their knowledge and experience. But they do
on. You may also find that, rather than trying to grasp every­
so more enthusiastically when they can see that there are per­
thing in one sitting, you would prefer to get back to this per­
sonal benefits involved. It’s important, therefore, to alert the
son after you’ve had a chance to absorb what has been said.
expert to the advantages of an on-the-spot discussion. For ex­
Hence, you may want to set the stage for future discussions—
ample, “ Mr. Taylor is so sorry he can’t be here today, and he
“ After I’ve had a chance to think this over, I may have more
has asked me to get the basic information on the plans you’re
questions.” Or, “ I’d like a chance to absorb all this before
proposing. When he comes back, I’ll brief him — and this
going on. Can we discuss this again — either in person or on
should save time for both of you. Equally important, your
the phone?”
visit here won’t have been wasted.”
Observation: There may be times when, like Sara Frazier,;
There is no reason not to mention that you are not an ex­
you are asked to stand in for your boss — facing up to an ex­
pert in this particular field. In fact, it’s wise to do so . . .
pert who can supply you with necessary information. In other
“ I must admit that I don’t know much about this, but I’d like
cases,
you may be consulting an expert for your own reasons.
to learn as much as I can.” Put on notice, the expert will be
The
important
thing to remember is that you are there to;
more inclined to expound — patiently and clearly — on his
learn, and this is not a passive process. An interested attitude,
or her specialty.
direct questions, the willingness to admit that you don’t
understand something — all these can help you add to your
•Use your lack o f expertness to advantage. Absorbing spe­
knowledge and broaden your mental horizons.
cialized information comes slowly even to bright people. If a
—Research Institute Personal Report, February 26, 1981
point is unclear, don’t be inhibited by the fear of asking a

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E v alu ating Y o u r E m ployees

Almost all of your employees, even the poor ones, think
they are doing a good job. You may know better, but how do
you communicate that to the ones who need to improve,
much less tell them how to change for the better?
One good way is through a regular systematic employee in­
terview program. This gives you a chance to privately discuss
an employee’s performance, suggest areas for improvement,
commend exceptional work and provide a rational basis for
approving or refusing merit raises in salary.
It doesn’t have to be a formal procedure. If you have a
small staff with whom you work closely, it’s ridiculous to set
up a formal, across-the-boss’s desk type of interview. A
private informal chat over a cup of coffee in some out-of-theway corner of the building should be sufficient. However, it
should be done on a regular schedule.
This procedure gives you a chance to effectively reprimand
an employee without embarrassing him in front of other
employees. It serves as a formal warning that he must im­
prove. It also gives you, the supervisor, a solid foundation on
which to base salary decisions, particuarly if you keep some
sort of evaluation form signed by both parties.
One other, less obvious, benefit is that it gives you a chance
to know your employees better as people. Items which are
officially none of your business but which have a great effect
on an employee’s performance can be brought up casually
and covered comfortably. A boss should be interested in his
employees both as a supervisor and a concerned fellow
human being. That means giving him a chance to talk and lis­
tening carefully to what he says.
An employee evaluation form can be a valuable tool.
Design a form rating an employee’s sense of responsibility,
performance, dependability, attitude and competence, leav­
ing room at the bottom for comments and other considera­
tions. During the interview, go down the list, marking each
category as it comes up. At the end, a copy signed by both
parties should go into the employee’s personnel file, with

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After the interview, act on the results. If they were positive,
give him recognition, a raise or time off. If not, you will want
to work with him more closely or provide additional training.
At the end of the interview process, take some additional
time to evaluate yourself, using the same form.

In su ran ce P ic tu re s — P ro tectin g
Your In vestm en t

Words are fine in their place, but if you’re trying to recover
your losses from a fire or burglary, a clear set of photographs
can be worth a lot more than a thousand words. It’s easier to
convince an insurance adjuster if you can show him a photo­
graph of the object, its location and its condition.
This applies to your employer’s possessions as well as your
own. It only takes a few minutes to photograph the equip­
ment in your maintenance facility, but those few minutes
could save him a lot of money. Here are some tips for com­
piling a good photographic insurance record.
Don't be cheap. Sure, film is expensive, but when you
balance the cost of additional roll of film against the loss of a
valued possession, the choice is clear. Take plenty of color
pictures from as many different angles as possible. Make sure
your photographs are sharp and clear.
Take the big picture. When you photograph the contents of
a room, start with the wide-angle shot of the whole room.
Then move in close for detailed shots of each object you want
to record.
Show critical information. After you take a picture of a „
piece of equipment, take a closeup showing its model number
and condition.
Store them away from your home or office. You’ll look
pretty silly if your pictures burn up with the objects you’re
trying to protect. A safe-deposit box is best, but a fire-proof
safe is better than nothing.

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C lu b R e strictio n s

T h e Im p o rta n c e of S eed C o u n t

A dignified English solicitor-widower with considerable
income had long dreamed of playing Sandringham, one of
Great Britain’s most exclusive golf courses. One day he made
up his mind to chance it when he was traveling in the area.
Entering the clubhouse, he asked at the desk if he might
play the course.
The club secretary inquired, “ Member?”
“ No, sir.”
“ Guest of a member?”
“ No, sir.”
“ Sorry.”
As he turned to leave the lawyer spotted a slightly familiar
figure seated in the lounge, reading the London Times. It was
Lord Parham.
He approached and bowing low, said, “ I beg your pardon,
your Lordship, but my name is Higginbotham of the London
solicitors Higginbotham, Willingby and Barclay. I should like
to crave your Lordships’s indulgence. Might I play this beau­
tiful course as your guest?”
His Lordship gave Higginbotham a long look, put down his
paper and asked, “ Church?”
“ Church of England, sir, as was my late wife.”
“ Education?”
“ Eton, sir, and Oxford.”
“ Sport?”
“ Rugby, sir, a spot of tennis and No. 4 on the crew that
beat Cambridge.”
“ Service?”
“ Brigadier, sir, Coldstream Guards, Victoria Cross and
Knight of the Garter.”
“ Campaigns?”
“ Dunkirk, El Alamein and Normandy, sir.”
“ Languages?”
“ Private tutor in French, fluent German and a bit of
Greek.”
His Lordship considered briefly, then nodded to the club
secretary and said, “ Nine holes.”

It is extremely important to remember that seed varieties
listed on a package are listed by weight and not by seed count.
While it only takes 226,800 Perennial ryegrass seeds to make a
pound, Merion bluegrass takes 2,000,000 seeds to make a
pound.
For example, if you had a 50% blend of each in your mix­
ture you would have more bluegrass than ryegrass because of
the seed count.

Shemin Nurseries,
Inc.

Purity %

50% Merion Bluegrass
50% Perennial Ryegrass

Total Seeds
Per Pound

Seeds Per
Pound in Mixture

x 2,000,000 =
x
226,800 =

1,000,000
113,400

Add all seeds up of each variety to find
total number of seeds per pound in the mixture. 1,113,400
Divide the seeds per pound of each variety
by the total number of seeds per pound in
the mixture. This determines seed count
percentages.
1,000,000 Merion Bluegrass
divide 1,113,400 = 89.8%
113,400 Perennial Ryegrass
divide 1,113,400 = 10.2%

From this example, it can be seen that the percentage by
weight does not give a true meaning of what you are really
buying. The mixture was listed as being 50% of each seed
variety, but in reality it is 89.8% Merion Bluegrass and only
10.2% of Perennial Ryegrass.
Listed are seed numbers for a few popular bluegrasses:
Cultivar

Seeds per Lb.

A-34
Baron
Bonnieblue
Delta
Glade
Majestic
Merion
Parade
Park
Touchdown
Victa

1,500,000
1,300,000
1,100,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
2,000,000
1,200,000
1,200,000
1,300,000
1,000,000

GREENHOUSE • NURSERIES

Horticultural Distributors
D is trib u to rs o f

• EVERGREENS
• TREE STAKES
• FLOWERING TREES • R A ILR O A D TIES
•S H A D E TREES
• MULCHES
•G R O U N D COVERS
• CO NTAINER
M A TE R IA L
• FENCING
• F IR & PINE BARK
• TU R F CHEMICALS
•H O L L Y T O N E
• GRAVELS
•S P R A Y IN G
• GRASS SEED
EQUIPMENT
• ARBORIST SUPPLIES
• ’A-D-S-DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

W eather
TRUE TEMPER TOOLS
TURF M A INTENANCE SUPPLIES
HO M ELITE CONST. EQUIPMENT

mafic.

Lawn Sprinkler Systems
Safe-T-Lawn
Lawn Sprinkler Systems

SHEMIN NURSERIES, INC.
1081 KING STREET, BOX 64, GLENVILLE STATION
GREENWICH, CONNECTICUT 06830

The best in turf supplies—
LESCO 100% Sulfur-Coated Fertilizers,
golf course accessories, chemicals including

LESCOSAN *
a highly effective pre-emergence crabgrass
and poa annua control
★ Lescosan (Betasan — Registered TM of Stauffer Chemical Co.)

(800)
321-5325
Nationwide

(800)
362-7413
In Ohio
L akeshore E q u ip m e n t & S u pply Co.
“

(203)531 7352

(914)937 4644

Available from:

Homeof LESCO Products”

300 South Abbe, Elyria, OH 44035

N o tes fro m S c o tts S e m in a r

Editor’s Note: Our thanks to Rachel Therrien o f Westchester
Country Club fo r forwarding us her notes from the Scotts
Seminar held December 15, 1981 in Mount Kisco.
What is the role of the Golf Course Superintendent?
Basically, according to the opinion expressed by the
seminar spokesman, the turf superintendent is mainly in­
terested in providing fine playing conditions and turf color.
I. Nitrogen, Potassium, and Phosphorous sources affect
plant growth.
A. Role o f Nitrogen in Plant Growth.
1. it is part of the chlorophyll molecule
2. necessary element in the photosynthetic process
3. promotes vegetative growth
4. effects the competitiveness of turf.
B. How much Nitrogen does one use?
1. Depends on turf species
2. Existing or desired soil characteristics
3. Level of effort and its intensity directed toward
maintenance of the desired turf
i.e. sandy soils will probably require more N2.
Too little N2might encourage more dollarspot
activity.
C. Nitrogen Fertilization: the following factors should be
considered when selecting a particular product and
fertilizer ratio:
1. the growth rate of the species

2. solubility of the fertilizer (release characteristics of
fertilizer indirectly affects all other factors involved
in balanced turf nutrition)
3. Greening response of the turf species
D. The growth rate o f a turf species is a key factor in
fertilizer selection and ultimately an important
ingredient o f turf management. Therefore, in selecting
fertilizer:
1. There is a tendency now to select controlled release
products
2. Human and mechanical labor plus efficiency in the
product in achieving the desired response from the
plant must be considered.
E. Fertilizer, nitrogen sources:
1. Ammonium sulfate: quick-release nitrogen, good
growth response & color for about 4-5 weeks,
definite decline in performance by the eighth week.
2. Urea formaldehyde: (Ureaform), 66% intermediate
to long term release material. Color response peaks
in the 12th week from the initial application.
3. IBDU: contains little quick release N2. 90% of the
material is intermediate to long-term release. It
peaks during weeks 6-12 from the initial application.
4. Methylene: 62% of this material is N2. Provides
initial and short-term response to color and growth
throughout 15 week application.
* One can come into problems with physically
mixing N2source materials (fertilizers).

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we can plant up to a 12” T.D. tree for less than you think
with our Big John Tree Transplanter! Just
give us a call today for a free estimate.
You’ll get the most tree for your money
from us!

Hawthorne Bros. Tree Service, Inc.
P.O . BO X 368, B E D F O R D H IL L S , N E W Y O R K 10537
9 1 4 - 6 6 6 — 7035

F. Characteristics involved in fertilizer selection:
1. Spoon-feeding vs. Controlled release.
2. Solubility of N2sources determines release rate
3. Greening response is big factor with fertilizer
4. Clipping and mowing frequency
5. Salt Index and burn potential
♦Percent of N2does not tell safety of material rather
it tells you the source of the Nitrogen. (IBDU
performed well during the summer months.)

• White Trap Sand
• Top-Dressing Sand
• Colorful Cart Path
Stone
• Landscape Stone &
Boulders
• Variety of Pavers &
Edging
G eo. S chofield C o. Inc.
P.O. Box 110
Bound Brook, N.J. 08805
(201) 356-0858

Keep
this card
handy.
It could
save you
time
and
money.

II. Phosphorus influence to plant growth
A. Involved in the photosynthetic process
B. Necessary to build healthy tissue
C. Insures a healthy root system, development of new
seedlings
D. Physiological functions:
1. ATP
2. New Cell production
E. Phosphorus fertilization:
1. Solubility
2. Slightly acid soil pH desired
3. Supplemental feeding at seeding time
F. Phosphorus Source:
(Monoammonium phosphate is best 11-48-0) MAR
1. Ammonium stimulates the uptake of phosphorous
2. MAP is completely water soluble (and therefore
available) compared to other sources
III. Role of Potassium in Plant Growth
A. Aids in the development of chlorophyll

re*'

D fi'* o6* 3°

< ,V
^ 6£ > c
C°io3
,n°'
TeW
V<°

B. Increases drought tolerances, wear tolerance, winter
hardiness
C. Helps plant draw H20 and nutrients from soil reserves
D. Aids in plant recovery from disease attack
♦During droughts, potassium increases the osmotic
force within the plant cell. Thus, stomatal openings
are affected. Potassium is located in high levels
within the guard cells of stomata. Low levels of
potassium will not allow a plant to easily uptake
water and remain resistant to disease and other
types of stress,
a. Thin cell walls
b. Accumulation of N2and carbohydrates
within the cells food for disease
c. Less vigorous plant
E. Sufficient Potassium present in the plant
1. Thicker cell walls
2. Increased turgor pressure
3. Higher cellulose content
4. Can withstand more stress

Glenmore Landscape Service
Irrigation Installers
141 Hemlock Hill Road, New Canaan, Ct. 06840
(203) 966-1447

Potassium Sulfate vs. Potassium Chloride
Salt Index
Water Solubility (% K20)
Affect on Phosphorus uptake
Additional Nutrients

P o ta s s iu m
S u lfa te

P o ta s s iu m
C h lo r id e

4 6 .1

1 1 6 .3

5 .4

1 6 .1

4 70%
sulfur

—
chloride

♦Potassium sulfate provides better efficiency:
1. Reduced leaching
2. Low salt index
3. Provides sulfur
Mechanicals
I. Lely Spreader
A. Most spreader rates can be found on the panel of a
fertilizer bag. When one uses the Lely, most setting
references for this tool are presented with a number
and Roman numeral, Le. 5 III. The Roman numeral
has nothing to do with the rate but rather the pattern
adjustment for the distribution of the material.
II. Rotary Spreaders
A. Factors affecting distribution:
1. Spreader
2. Terrain
3. Wind
4. Person applying the material
5. Material
B. Distribution problems with the rotary Spreaders
w/physical blends:
1. Poor pattern distribution
*2. Non-uniform distribution of component
3. Possible striping if high rated are used on under­
nourished turf.
Poa Annua — Manage or Eliminate?
Characteristics o f the turf:
• Produces prolific amounts of seed
• Can survive various mowing heights

7 Cottage Street
Port Chester, N Y 10573
•
•
•
•

(9 1 4)937 -54 79
(914) 939-2766

M IF

TRAP SAND
PARTAC TOPDRESSING
SCREENED TOP SOIL
SCREENED CLAY
FOR TENNIS COURTS
& BASEBALL DIAMONDS
• SAND FOR BUILDING
& CONSTRUCTION
•TRAP ROCK
• GRAVEL

wetting
agent

SPREADABLE
GRANULAR #37

BLEND [80] A h ig h ly effective
w etter & spreader on surfaces,
the re fo re re q u irin g m ore c o n ­
tro l in the m anner and fre q u e n ­
cy of a p p lica tio n .
BLEND

[30]

BLEND

[37]

M ild , c u ltu ra lly c o m p a tib le s u rf­
actants. Our choice for improv­

ing the best or worst green or
tee. M ost e ffe ctive in m at and
thatch. These blends p ro m o te
th a tc h d e c o m p o s it io n , a id
spring greenup o f bents, roo t
in itia tio n , c o lo r and denseness
of turfgrass. O ve rw in te r w ith
surfactants to im p ro ve snowm old and d e sicca tio n problem s.
S U R F -S ID E [SA] N o n io n ic
spray adjuvant.

DEFOAMER

Controls
Foam
MONTCO PRODUCTS CORPORATION
BOX 404 AMBLER, PA 19002

Pat Lucas, Editor
81 Tomac Avenue
Old Greenwich, CT 06870
First Class

--

00215-P
HR- RICHARD E

m
ShRIALS DEPT^gJ NQE^y
MICHIGAN STATE~~JNIV LIB
EAST LANSING MI 48823

• Summer annual in the north, cannot survive winter
• Creeping type, perennial in warm & humid, arid &
semi-arid climates—winter annual
i.e. Berry Hills C.C., West Virginia, 99% Poa
•Can be undesirable because of yellow-green color, seed
production, low tolerance to heat, cold, and drought
stress
•Seedproduction occurs at all mowing heights,
throughout the growing season, nitrogen tends to slow
down production

FASTER SPRING GREEN-UP
SPR IN G
Green-Up Ratings*
Beltsville, MD - April 5,1976
RAMI
8.7
Vantage
Me rio n
Ke nb lue
Park
B runsw ick
W in d s o r
Touchdown
A delphi
A -3 4
B on nieb lue
Sydsport
F y lk ing
Baron
Cheri
Glade
Nugget

Ratingl ■9

8.3
8.0
7.7
7.3
7.3
7.0
6 .7
6.3
6.0
5.7
5.3
5.0
4 .3
4 .0
3.7
1.0

Best

T e st e s t a b l i s h e d fall 1972,
m o w e d at 2.5 ” . not i r r ig a te d and
r e c e iv in g 2 to 3 lbs. N/M/yr.

m
LO FTS

KENTUCKY BLUEG RASS

When tested for
spring green-up at
Beltsville, Maryland,
RAM I proved superior
to many other com­
mercially available
bluegrass varieties:

Other trials* have
shown RAM I retains
its rich color through
summer stresses and
long into late fall.
RAM I . . . a vigorous
bluegrass that will give
you rich color . . . and
more of it.
'Data available on request from
Lofts Pedigreed Seed.

Lofts Seed Inc.
Bound Brook, NJ 08805 • (201) 356-8700

sir

•Seedgermination occurs mostly under cool, moist
conditions, throughout the growing season, low soil
pH inhibits seed germination. Phosphorus level is
reduced.
• Root growth of Poa adapts to soil conditions
• Spring green-up is slow but tends to green-up earlier
where there are voids in the desirable turf.
•Tolerates compacted soil, favors high soil moisture,
needs adequate drainage, low salt tolerance, and does
not do well in withstanding long periods of casual
water conditions.
•Conditions favoring Poa are reduced competition
desirable turf, mechanical damage to turf, crabgrass
cycles with Poa, light frequent irrigations, low
mowing, high levels of phosphorus.
•Poa control can be done by increasing mowing heights
where possible, mowing with baskets to pick up seed
heads, better water management, improved aerification
levels, control pests of desirable turf.
• Chemical control of Poa can be done with Preemergent herbicide—applied in late summer/early
spring. Post-emergent herbicides are a problem to
desirable turf due to its toxicity.
Pests
Black Ataenius: Doing most of its damage in the Ohio area,
especially Cincinnati. The damage looks like heat or drought
stress in summer. The first generation emerges in late summer
—July and August. Adults become active in early spring,
blooming of Horsechestnuts or Black Locusts coincide. Rose
of Sharon blooms coincide with the presence of the second
generation in August.
Curative control:
1. Control larvae—feeds on roots
2. Enthoprop—5 lb. A.I./Acre (Best)
3. Water into the rootzone
Preventitive control
1. Control adults in spring
2. Diazinon at 6 lb. A.I./Acre
3. Lightly water after application