Vol. Ill, No. 3

Published monthly by the Metropolitan Golf Course Superintendents Association

coordinating all events. We had a turnout of 125 plus for
dinner, with about 70 for golf. We had nice weather for golf
and certainly everbody came out of hiding to attend the dinner
and program. We had representatives from the Met. PGA,
Bob Watson, Metropolitan Golf Association, Jim McLoughlin,
Guido G ribari Sports D irector, W estchester Rockland
Inc.
Our guest speaker Peter DeAngelo gave a short presentation
on Relationships between Golf Course Superintendent and
Manager. Basically each has a job to do in their own area and
that’s the way it should operate with good communications
between each at all times.
Everybody in MGCSA wishes Bill Smart a speedy recovery
from his recent accident. Cards may be sent to Bill’s home, Rt.
9W M.D. 25, Newburgh, New York, 12550. Bill’s Hudson
Valley Foreground newsletter is known from coast to coast.
Take care Bill and if you need any help just hollar.
This has certainly been one of the earliest springs we have
had in a long time even sooner than last year. The Poa is in full
bloom (so what else is new). I am sure everybody has been
scrambling trying to get caught up with Spring clean-up
getting all the spraying down etc. and trying to keep up with
the grass so very early. I think if we ever could get some
research on soil temperature in relationship to some of our
insect problems and diseases maybe we could be a little more
accurate with our spray programs and pre emergence
chemicals. See you all at Innis Arden C.C. It will be interesting
to see if the whole USGA Staff comes.

MGCSA MEETING NOTICE
Date:
May 16,1974, Thursday
Place:
Innis Arden Golf Club
Golf:
12 noon
Lunch:
Available in grill room
Cocktails: 6-7 PM
Dinner:
7 PM
Program: Mr. Joseph Finger, Golf CourseArchitect
Host:
Ralph Castelli
Directions: Take New England Thruway I 95 to Exit 5, take
right at exit on to Route 1, take first right Sound
Beach Avenue—Follow thru town, pass school
take left at Lockwood—go to end of Lockwood
take left on Tomac Rd. Club is on Tomac Rd.
Note:

Please return your card promptly
Castelli 203-637-3210 (7:15 AM)

May, 1974

or call Ralph

COMING EVENTS:
May 16
LIGCSA Sayville C.C.
June
MGCSA open date
July
MGCSA open date
August
MGCSA Superintendents Championship Round
Hill GC
September MGCSA open date
October 3
Superintendents Invitational Brae Burn C.C.
November
Annual Meeting
December 21 Christmas Party Burning Tree Country Club
MEMBERSHIP: We have had some problems in the
past in regard to address changes and corrections. If you
are still not receiving your mail at the proper address,
please call 914-698-8510. Ask for the addressing dept.
(Ann) she will make the change or correction. This is the
direct route all members should use, for all future
changes. Thank you.
MEMBERSHIP ROSTER: Please do not give out the
membership roster to non-members, especially com­
mercial firms which intend to use it for a free mailing list.
Thank you.

Tee to Green: We regret the error in a previous edition in
regard to Tony Savone; it should have read Congratulations on
your new job at Quaker Ridge C.C. If you have any other
corrections, complaints, etc., please make them direct to
Editor or Co-Editor. We can’t improve unless we hear from the
membership. It’s your Newsletter we just try to give the
information we think you want. If you would like different type
information: Write an article and send it in.
M.G.C.S.A. EXHIBITS AT WESTCHESTER COUNTY
HOME AND GARDEN SHOW
The MGCSA again prepared a fine display booth at the
Westchester County Home and Garden Show at the County
Center in White Plains. Chairman, Londy Casterella did an
excellent job and is thankful for the complete cooperation

MGCSA NEWS:
Well our first golf meeting was a tremendous success. Bob
DePencier our host at Westchester C.C. did a great job in
1

A NEW SEASON INITIATED AT WESTCHESTER
COUNTRY CLUB
by Scott Benty
Winged Foot Golf Club
The first meeting of the M.G.C.S.A. for the summer season
of 1974 was held at the Westchester Country Club. April
marks the beginning of the M.G.C.S.A. summer meetings and
clubs like the Westchester Country Club are great places to
begin anything. A large crowd was on hand to open the season
with special guests such as Mr. A1 Radko, Mr. William
Buchanan from the U.S.G.A., also Mr. Robert Watson,
President of the M.P.G.A., Mr. James McLoughlin Executive
Director of M.G.A., Mr. Mel Lucas Eastern Representative of
the G.C.S.A.A.

Editorial Staff
Co-Editor
Co-Editor
Staff Writer

Garry Crothers
Ted Horton
Scott Benty
OFFICERS
President:
First Vice
President:
Second Vice
President:
Secretary:
Treasurer:
Sergeant at
Arms:

Harry H. Nichol, Elmwood C.C.
Office 914-592-6608, Home 914-268-9370
Garry N. Crothers, Apawamis Club
Office 914-967-2100, Home 914-234-3770
Edward C. Horton, Winged Foot Golf Club
Office 914-698-2827, Home 914-937-3613
Richard Allen, Sunningdale C.C.
Office 914-723-3238, Home 914-723-8097
Robert Alonzi, Burning Tree C.C.
Office 203-869-5779, Home 914-937-1527
Orlando Casterella, Westchester Hills G.C.
Office 914-948-5020, Home 914-698-3976

Not copyrighted. I f there is good here, we want to share it with
all chapters - unless author states otherwise.

which he received from his committee. He wishes to express his
appreciation to our MGCSA members representing the
Westchester Garden Center and Emanuel Shemin Nursery for
providing the horticultural material displayed in the booth.
Members of the MGCSA took turns being present at the
booth on both Saturday and Sunday. They answered many
questions from the 5,000 people who attended the show. We
congratulate Londy and his committee for a job well done.

James McLoughlin—Executive Director MGA, Wes Eillis—
Host Golf Professional Westchester C.C.

Chairman Londy Casterella, President Harry Nichol at
MGCSA Booth—at Westchester County Home and Garden
Show—Co-Sponsored by Westchester County Co-op Extension
and Westchester Parks and Recreation Commission

A1 Radko—USGA, Harry Nichol—Pres. MGCSA
“Like that Smile Harry“
2

Mr. Harry Nichol opened the meeting and welcomed
everyone and wished one and all a good summer season. Mr.
Robert DePencier was introduced as the host superintendent.
He informed the audience that a special tournament is to be
set up to honor Mr. Lawrence Labriola who died this past
winter. Mr. Labriola was unknown to me. But from what I
have found out, he was one of the cornerstones in the turf field
in this area. It is very sad when people of high caliber are taken
from us, however, I am sure his memory will live on.
Mr. Peter DeAngelo was the guest speaker. President of the

National Managers Association and the club manager at the
Hampshire Golf Club, Mr. DeAngelo delivered a short talk on
the Relationship of the Club Manager to the Golf Course
Superintendent. He emphasized the fact that the manager is a
position of support to the superintendent. The manager’s
duties end at the first tee. The manager is eyes and ears for the
superintendent. Upon hearing criticism, he should relate this
to the superintendent. Mr. DeAngelo believes in a very close
knit family type operation. With this closeness, he feels the
benefits for all are greater and the problems fewer.

Guido Gribari—Sports Director Westchester
Rockland Newspaper Inc.
“We’re Number 1”

Robert Blizzard and Green Committee Chairman
Host Supt. Robert DePencier

Peter DeAngelo—Pres. CMAA
Guest Speaker

Bob Watson—President Met. P.G.A.

3

Robert DePencier, Westchester C.C.
Host Program Chairman
“Well done Bob’’

PROMOTE NATIONAL GOLF DAY
What greater cause can we support than research and
learning in golf course maintenance and management. For
years the National Golf Fund has contributed generously to
turfgrass research and scholarships through the GCSAA
Research and Scholarship Fund and the U.S.G.A. Green
Section Research and Education Fund, Inc. but the real
benefactors are all clubs throughout the nation. We encourage
you, therefore, to promote National Golf Day at your club—it's
for you, your profession, for golf and your golf course. The
National Golf Fund is derived from National Golf Day.
On National Golf Day professional golfers will set the target
score on June 3rd. Jack Nicklaus, PGA Champion, and Johnny
Miller, USGA Open Champion, will compete to set the target
score for m en, while Susie Berning, W om en’s Open
Champion, and Mary Mills, Ladies’ PGA Champion, will set
the target score for the ladies. Amateur golfers will be allowed
full handicaps and those whose net scores are lower than the
target score will receive a memento. Golfers will compete from
June 8th through June 16th.
Get together with your professional and urge him to
promote National Golf Day at your club.

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G CSAA: D IS T IN G U IS H E D SER VICE A W A R D

Each year, the GCSAA Executive Committee will consider
nominations for the GCSAA Distinguished Service Award at
its Fall Meeting.
To be accepted for the Distinguished Service Award, a
nominee must meet the following qualifications:

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1. Must have made an outstanding contribution to the
advancement of the profession of Golf Course Superin­
tendency.
2. The outstanding contribution may be, or have been,
regional in nature as long as it can be judged to have
significantly advanced the profession nationally or inter­
nationally.
3. The nominee must not have been a recipient of this award
during the preceeding ten (10) years.
An individual (s) may be nominated by: A Chapter of GCSAA,
and individual Class A or B member of this Association, the
Association Planning Committee, or the Executive Committee.
This is an exceptional opportunity for you to participate in
honoring a fellow Superintendent or others who have
contributed significantly to the profession.
Very serious consideration will be given each nominee by
your Executive Committee. You are encouraged to provide
them with a comprehensive package of supportive data.
Please submit your nominations to this office by September
15, 1974. We will collect all nominations received at that time
and forward them to the Chairman of the Public Relations and
Awards Committee.

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□ Chipco Microgreen
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□ Chipco Turf Herbicide“D”
□ Chipco Spreader
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□ Chipco Thiram 75
□ Chipco Crab Kleen
□ Chipco Turf Herbicide
MCPP
□ Chipco Buctril
□ Chipco Turf Kleen

“To learn where the profession is, so better plans can be
made for the future” the GCSAA urges that each member
complete and return the survey before May 15, 1974.

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5

RESEARCH REVIEW
by Wayne C. Morgan

lower light intensities. These plant responses result in a
reduction of leaf area and water absorption capability which
could contribute to a lower water use rate in shaded
environments. Plants grown at low light intensities have
reduced cuticle thickness, reduced epidermal cell wall
thickness, and increased intercellular space compared to
plants growing at higher light intensities. Plant responses such
as these also contribute to increased susceptibility to water
loss. The water loss might be sufficient to cause an internal
moisture deficit and stomatal closure, resulting in a reduction
in the water use rate compared to plants at higher light
intensities and not under internal moisture stress.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND CULTURAL
PRECONDITIONING EFFECTS ON THE
WATER USE RATE OF PENNCROSS
CREEPING BENTGRASS
Water use rates for actively growing turfgrasses commonly
range from about 2A inches to 2 inches per week, but may
exceed 3 inches depending on environmental and cultural
factors. Factors which affect the growth rate of turfgrass
influence stomatal density and water use rates. Information on
these effects are of increasing importance and an excellent
article with the above title was written by R.C. Shearman and
J.B. Beard of Michigan State University. The article appeared
in the July-August, 1973, issue of Crop Science.
EXPERIMENT
The objectives of this investigation were to determine the
relative importance of preconditioning (prior to drought stress
exposure) environmental and cultural factors on the water use
rate of “Penncross” creeping bentgrass. Environmental and
c u ltu ra l factors studies were: light intensity, growing
temperature, irrigation frequency, cutting height, mowing
frequency, and nitrogen nutrition level. The influence of these
six factors on stomatal density was also observed. Correlation
between stomatal density and water use rate were determined
in relation to cultural environmental factors studies.

Temperature—Turfs preconditioned at suboptimal shoot
growth temperatures of 50°F had a significantly lower water
use rate then those grown at 68° and 90°F when exposed to
controlled atmospheric drought stress conditions. There was
no difference in water use rate between 68° and 90°F.
Stomatal density was significantly reduced for plants grown at
50°F compared to 69° to 90°F. Stomatal density was not
significantly correlated to water use rate.
Growth temperature has little effect on stomatal density
within normal temperature ranges for turfgrass growth.
Temperatures that promote more rapid shoot growth tend to
increase the water use rate. Temperatures higher than 86° to
95°F have stimulated stomatal closure, but it is difficult to
separate this response from the possible influence of internal
water deficits.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Light Intensity—Water use rate and stomatal density
increased with preconditioning light intensity levels. The
increase in stomatal density was positively correlated to water
use rate. Light intensity was also observed to influence other
plant responses. Leaf width and shoot growth, based on visual
observations, were reduced at the lowest light intensity
compared to those at the highest.
Bermudagrass had reduced leaf, shoot, and root number at

Irrigation Frequency—Turfs receiving irrigation only when
wilt was visually evident (approximately every 4 days) had a
significantly greater stomatal density than those receiving
irrigation three and seven times per week. However, water use
rate for these turfs was significantly lower than those irrigated
three and seven times each week. The reduction in water use
rate was positively correlated with a decline in percent
vegetative cover. The decline in percent vegetative cover also
resulted in an undesirable loss in turfgrass quality.

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USS and VERTAGREEN are registered trademarks

6

1

positively correlated with water use rates. However, root
organic matter was not significantly correlated. Although the
number of stomata per unit area decreased with increasing
nitrogen application, the total number of stomata per unit area
were decreased with increasing nitrogen application, the total
number of stomata per leaf may not have declined because leaf
width increased. The importance of increased plant surface
area exposed to desiccating conditions in influencing the water
use rate is indicated by the correlation coefficients of these
factors with water use rate.

Soil moisture has been reported to have various indirect
effects on plant factors that influence water use. Some
dicotyledonous species have fewer but larger stomata per unit
area when grown in dry soils. However, this was not the case
with Penncross creeping bentgrass used in this investigation.
Leaf widths, leaf thickness, and cuticle thickness have been
reported to be influenced by irrigation frequency. Frequent,
light irrigations reduced drought tolerance and the extent of
the root system.

Cutting Height and Mowing Frequency—Water use rate
increased with cutting height and mowing frequency. Water
use rate doubled between V a inch and 5 inch cutting heights,
and increased by 41% between the biweekly mowing frequency
and mowing six times per week. Work with Kentucky
bluegrass indicated soil water extraction was directly
proportional to cutting height. This is associated with
increased leaf area and extent of root growth at higher cutting
heights, which enhances water absorption and loss through
transpiration.

CONCLUSIONS
These studies indicate that the preconditioning treatment
effects of cutting height, light intensity, and nitrogen nutrition
level have the greatest influence on the water use rate of
Penncross creeping bentgrass turfs. Mowing frequency and
irrigation were intermediate in their effects, and temperature
had the least effect on water use rate. The relative importance
of cutting height, light intensity, and nitrogen nutrition level
on the water use rate can be assoicated with their influence on
the total plant surface area exposed to desiccating conditions.
Environmental factors such as temperature and light
intensity are difficult to manipulate in a turfgrass maintenance
program. Adjustment of irrigation practices to the existing
conditions is important in maintaining quality turf. Typical
situations include shade vs. full sunlight and cloudy vs. sunny
days, or in the case of temperature, syringing at midday to
prevent high temperature stress. Cultural factors are more
easily manipulated than environmental parameters. A single
factor in a maintenance program may not be significant.
However, a combination of cultural factors could significantly
reduce the water requirements of a turf. Manipulation of these
parameters where irrigation is limited by the water supply,
irrigation capacity, and facilities could be very important in
maintaining turfgrass quality.

Nitrogen Nutrition Level—A number of reports have
indicated that water use rate increases with increasing nitrogen
fertilization. Turfs preconditioned with five levels of nitrogen
for a 3-month treatment period exhibited increasing water use
rates with increased nitrogen application levels when exposed
to atmospheric drought stress conditions at the end of the
preconditioning treatment period. Turfs receiving no nitrogen
had the lowest water use rate of the treatment levels studied.
Water use rate was significantly reduced at excessive nitrogen
application rates (1500 ppm N, indicating a possible
association of these characteristics with the water use rates of
turfs. Leaf width, shoot density, and shoot growth were

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7

U.S. OPEN AT WINGED FOOT GOLF CLUB JUNE 10-16,1974

REMOVAL OF CANADIAN GEESE

Through our Newsletter, I would like to inform our
Association membership that Golf Course Superintendents of
U.S.G.A. member clubs and/or members of the Golf Course
Superintendents Association of America and Metropolitan
Golf Course Superintendents Association who will identify
themselves by membership cards for the current year will be
issued free of charge daily admission to the 1974 U.S.G.A.
Men’s Open to be held at Winged Foot Golf Club June 10-16.
I hope that as many Superintendents as possible will attend
this event.
Ted Horton
Superintendent, Winged Foot Golf Club

Andy Androsko again reminds us that if we wish to schedule
removal of Canadian Geese from the golf course, we should
Immediately contact:
Mr. John R. Watters
U.S. Department of Interior
Fish & Wild Life Service
P.O.Box 717
11 North Pearl Street
Room 606
Albany, N.Y. 12201
Tel. 518-472-5381

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IS IT normal for a man to call the police and report a flock
of birds who are eating our grass seed? Is it normal for a grown
man to mourn a brown spot for three years?
I was all set to tell the mailman about my infatuation with
him when he said, “I see your husband uses a chemical
fertilizer of nitrogen, phosperous, and potash. Tell him if he
invested in a little sheep dip, he’d do away with that crabgrass.
Is there something you wanted?”
“I thought you looked like someone I knew,” I said. “But I
was mistaken. You all look alike.”

I WAS MISTAKEN—
YOU ALL LOOK ALIKE’
by Erma Bombeck
I just figured out if my husband paid just half the attention
to me as he does the lawn, my 70-year-old mailman would
never have started to look like Robert Red ford.
If ever there was a valid suit for alienation of affection, it’s
that lousy lawn.
There is something about the ability of a man to grow a few
blades of grass that contributes to his masculinity. He is either
a grass grower or he is not a grass grower. I have seen virile
men move into the neighborhood with tattoos on their lips, but
if they have fungus on their dwarf tiff, forget it. They’re just
not one of the boys.
A LAWN enthusiast has two moods: terrible and irritable.
These are interchangeable depending on whether the grass is
growing or whether the grass is not growing.
When the grass is not growing, my husband goes to the
library to see what could be missing, has his soil analyzed,
waters, soaks, fertilizes, and has the nurseryman who sold him
the seed make a house call.
When the grass is growing, he runs the mower back to the
store to make sure the blade is cutting, trims, rakes, rolls and
makes an obscene phone call to the dog next door who
overfertilized it in the first place.
THERE IS no pleasing a lawn freak.
Some say it is normal for a man to want a pretty lawn. I
don’t know what is normal anymore. I sent the kids to
Mother’s, blew an entire food budget on steaks and wine, put
a dab of garlic on the lightbulb and slipped into something
that had not been paid for. “What are you thinking?” I teased,
turning off the TV set.
“ Did you turn the hose off?” he asked.

Reprinted from Westchester-Rockland Newspaper

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9

Richard C. Allen, Secretary
126 Underhill Road
Scarsdale, New York 10583
First Class

MELVIN B LUCAS JR
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315 STEWART AVE
GARDEN CI T Y NY
11530

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Please contact me for a free product demonstration of
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