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MICHIGAN STATFUIrvE.iSITY
-------------- LIBRARIES--------------January/February 1978

Published monthly by the Metropolitan Golf Course Superintendents Association

Vol. VIII, No. 1

Membership: We are pleased to have Pat Lucas back as a
Class A member. Pat will be serving on the welfare committee
along with contributing articles to Tee to Green.

March we’ve seen in many years. Easter is early this year so the
golfers will be chomping at the bit to get out on the course.
This is going to be a critical time as freezing and thawing is
likely to be happening alternately. Closing the course will be
difficult but certainly it safe guards problems in recovery as
winter injury could be a problem if the ice stays through much
of March. At this point there is nothing we can do but hope we
come out of winter without too much damage. The inclosed
article Ten Years of Research on Winter Injury on Golf
Courses: Cause and Prevention by Dr. James Beard of Texas
A & M. might be helpful to your Green Committee to disgest
this Spring.
We have had a few changes over the winter months. Jim
Kazenski will be taking over at Rockland Country Club when
Ron Boydston heads for semi retirement in Florida. Sabato
Autorino is taking over Louis Santucci’s position at Blind
Brook. Lou also will be retiring to Florida in the winter and
probably be up north in the summer. Lou has been in the area
as long as anybody but I am sure he will be enjoying himself
and not having to worry about grass, the water system etc. We
were glad to hear that A1 Smith is now located at Briar Hall
Golf and Country Club. We also saw Vic Cedrone at the
National a n i L h ^ ^
working for Bob
Depencier. All Westchester transplants seem 1:5 litoe^the Carolinas! K «.
.GarryCmthers

MGCSA News: We had a nice turnout for our January meeting
at Rye Golf Club. Dick Gonyea certainly has offered his club
several times in the past few years. It would be nice if more
members would come forth and offer their clubs.
We enjoyed the presentation by Mr. Fred Carlsen, Jr.
comptroller, Mr. George Henefield, Purchasing Agent and
Ralph Damiano, Director of Recreation, all from the city of
Rye. Each gave their viewpoints on the topic of “Purchasing.”
More and more clubs are asking for bids today. One of the
things that must be done is have good specifications written
so that everybody is bidding on the same item. Loose specifica­
tions can lead to a variation in bids. Communication always
goes into purchasing because your club or town officials must
know why a particuliar piece of equipment is needed and if it is
a labor saving device, certainly, they will want to know how
much it is going to save them.
It has been a real winter and it looks like we won’t be getting
out on our courses as early as we normally have been in recent
years. The forecast for March is below average temp, and
above average precipitation. It may be the snowiest month of

Mel Lucas lost a closely contested election for G CSAA Vice Pres­
ident but was reappointed to the board. Congratulations, Mel.

MEETING NOTICE:
Date:
Thursday, March 23
Place:
Rye Golf Club
Lunch: 12:00 noon
Program: New York State and Connecticut Pesticide certifica­
tion update
Directions: Rye Golf Club is located on Route 1, Boston Post
Road about Vi mile from Town of Harrison. If you come off of
1287 take Route 1, South through the business district of Rye.
It’s about 2 miles South of the Town on your left.
COMING EVENTS:
April 1 Home and Garden SHow (MGCSA booth) West­
chester County Center
April 18 Joint meeting Conn GCSA and MGCSA
Shorehaven Golf Club (host Bob Phipps)
May
Dates to be announced
June
Dates to be announced
July
Dates to be announced
August Dates to be announced
Sept.
Invitational at Sunningdale Golf Club
t

POSITION DESCRIPTION AND RECRUITMENT
PROGRAM FOR TURFGRASS SCIENCE FACULTY
MEMBER

Editorial Staff
Co-Editor
Co-Editor

Garry Crothers
Ted Horton
OFFICERS
President:

E dw ard C. H o rto n , W inged F o o t G o lf Club
O ffice 9 1 4 -6 9 8 -2 8 2 7 , H om e 9 1 4 -9 3 7 -3 6 1 3

Vice President:

R o b e rt A lonzi, B urning T ree C.C.
O ffice 2 0 3 -8 6 9 -5 7 7 9 , H om e 9 1 4 -9 3 7 -1 5 2 7

'Secretary:

M ichael M affei, B ack o f B ey o n d G o lf C ourse
O ffice 9 1 4 -2 7 9 -7 1 7 9 , H om e 9 1 4 -2 7 9 -7 8 9 5

Treasurer:

Jo h n T ra y n o r, W estchester C o u n try Club
O ffice 9 1 4 -9 6 7 -6 0 0 0 , H om e 2 0 3 -3 3 4 -7 3 5 9

Not copyrighted. I f there is good here, we want to share it with
all chapters - unless author states otherwise.
NATIONAL NEWS CGSAA:
San Antonio was a nice city. We had a few nice days but
certainly Friday the 17th was a madhouse trying to leave by
plane. It’s not suppose to snow in Texas, especially Dallas. It
really shut things down. It was an excellent conference with
record attendance. Earl Butz was the keynote speaker and he
firmly believes there is nothing like a little profit to stimulate
growth as he doesn’t believe in a no growth society. The
National elections were very close. Mel Lucas lost to Charlie
Tadge by only 200 votes for VP. Mel was then appointed to the
board after the election for Directors with Jim Wylie and
David Hollar being elected to the other two director positions.
Little “but big heart” George Cleaver is our new National
President. Robert Osterman made an excellent showing with
over 900 votes so I am sure he will be back to take it next time.
The politics got pretty heavy so we will have to get back to the
planning board for 1979 in Altanta which should be a great
conference spot since it is on a major route for all airlines.
GCSAA Certification: The recent Golf Course Superin­
tendent gives an update on certification. The need for new
seminars is certainly a big priority. The test becomes harder as
it is updated. It is also interesting to know that only 50% of the
people are passing the test and this is true even when renewal
tests were given. The program is slowly building with the
emphasis of the program still being education which only leads
to a better superintendent through increased knowledge.
Hopefully more in MGCSA will become certified. We certainly
have many of the best superintendents in the country right
here in MGCSA and we should be leading the field, not
watching it. If you have any questions about certification
please contact me, Garry Crothers, Certification Committee
GCSAA.

I am pleased to report the recruiting is underway for the1
Turfgrass Science faculty member. We hope that the position)
will be filled no later than April 1, 1978.
I am enclosing a copy of the position description for your!
information. If you have recommendations of persons to be*
contacted as possible candidates, please telephone me at once.
I will contact such candidates immediately and provide them*
with full information on the position.
Let me take this opportunity to thank you for your help
during recent months in giving us your input concerning the*
needs of the turfgrass and related horticultural industries. We^
have given very serious attention to your suggestions. The
enclosed position description, and the related long-range*
planning that has been developed for this program, include,
many suggestions gleaned from our several sessions with
leaders and members of the turfgrass and horticultural
industries.
We appreciate your interest and look forward to your
continued involvement as we recruit and select our turfgrass
faculty member, and commence again the development of a
modern turfgrass program geared to the major current and
long-range needs of those of our State’s industries who utilize1
turfgrass technology. Thank you again for your assistance in
this important effort.
Carl F. Gortzig,
Associate ProfessorFloriculture Extension
and Chairman
of Department

»
M S ©

OVERDUE FINES ARE 25 ç PER DAY
PER ITEM

Return to book drop to remove
this checkout from your record.

JOB AVAILABLE
Golf Course Superintendent’s position
Available Immediately
Alpine Country Club
Demarest, New Jersey 07627
Applications should be sent to:
Mr. Norman Miller
Green Chairman
Alpine Country Club
Demarest, New Jersey 07627

JOB WANTED
ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT OR TRAINEE
Gerry Walker
Available April 1, 1978
Associate degree in Turf Management
Danville Jr. College, Danville, Illinois
Address: 30 Illinois Street
Danville, Illinois, 61832
Telephone: 217-466-7831
or c/o Miss Pam Walker 212-864-0555

TEN YEARS OF RESEARCH ON WINTER INJURY ON
GOLF COURSES; CAUSES AND PREVENTION
By Dr. James B. Beard, Michigan State University
Winter injury of turf is difficult to understand because it
results from the interaction of a number of environmental,
soil, and cultural factors. Before a golf course superintendent
can initiate the appropriate cultural program to prevent
winter injury, he must determine the particular type or types
of winter injury that occur most frequently at various
locations on the golf course. This involves a study of the
particular symptoms, including time of occurrence, soil type,
topography, drainage characteristics, traffic patterns, and the
probability of environmental stress. Such information is
assembled over a period of years, and a specific program is
established on the golf course in order to minimize the
probability of winter injury.
CAUSES OF WINTER INJURY
The four major types of turfgrass winter injury that most
commonly occur are presented in Table 1, along with the
symptoms and causes of injury. This information has been
assembled over a 10-year period of extensive research at
Michigan State University. The major types of winter injury
are: Desiccation
Direct low temperature kill
Low temperature diseases
Traffic effects.
Note that ice sheet damage caused by oxygen suffocation or
toxic gas accumulations underneath an ice cover are not
listed. Detailed investigations at Michigan State University
indicate that this type of winter injury rarely occurs. This is in
contrast to the many articles by individuals indicating that
this is a serious problem. Unfortunately, these earlier writers
had essentially no information on which to base their
comments other than data from research with alfalfa. The
winter injury most commonly associated with extended
periods of ice coverage occurs during freezing or thawing
periods when standing water increases the crown tissue
hydration and subsequent injury of the turfgrass plants when
temperatures drop rapidly below 20°F.
PREVENTING WINTER INJURY
Cultural steps can be taken to minimize the potential for
injury in the future once the cause or causes of winter injury
on specific turfgrass areas on the golf course have been
established. The first prerequisite in minimizing all types of
winter injury is a healthy turf with adequate carbohydrate

reserves and recuperative potential. This phase of winter
injury prevention is accomplished during the normal growing
season, particularly in the late summer—early fall period.
Practices to prevent or at least minimize the potential for
turfgrass winter injury can be divided into cultural practices,
soil management, and specific winter protectants.
The specific practices utilized in each of these categories are
summarized in Table 2. It should be noted that a number of
them apply to more than one type of winter injury. In some
cases, the practice that is effective in preventing one type of
winter injury will actually increase the probability of damage
from another type. For example, snow covers or winter
protection covers used to prevent winter desiccation will also
maintain temperatures near 320 F which will enhance the
probability of snow mold disease activity. This means that
when such a practice is in use, steps should also be taken to
apply a preventive snow mold fungicide application to the
turfgrass area prior to installing the winter protection cover.
From a cultural standpoint, the proper control of plant and
soil water relations is the most critical factor affecting all
phases of turfgrass winter injury. Techniques to adjust the
soil-water status must be achieved during the summer period.
Finally, it is quite obvious that selection and planting of the
appropriate turfgrass species and cultivar can be critical in
minimizing the degree of turfgrass injury that may occur.
Annual bluegrass is very prone to all types of winter injury.
The bentgrasses are considerably less susceptible to injury,
and also have a greater recuperative potential from existing
vegetative plant parts.
IN SUMMARY: This article gives a brief summary of a
great deal of research conducted at Michigan State University
over the past 10 years. Portions of it were supported by the
U.S.G.A. Green Section Research and Education Fund.
THE AUTHOR; Dr. James B. Beard is a Professor o f Turf­
grass Science in the department o f crop and soil sciences at
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich. 48823. He has
conducted pioneering research in all phases o f turfgrass winter
injury. In 1971 he was the youngest recipient ever selected to
receive the highest honor o f Fellow in the American Society o f
Agronomy. He has authored a new textbook entitled “Turf­
grass: Science and Culture ” published by Prentice-Hall o f
Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

Table 1. Types, symptoms, and causes of winter injury that most commonly occur on golf course turf
Type of w inter injury
A.

Cause o f injury
External forces

Internal plant effects

Desiccation
(1) Atm ospheric

Leaves turn d istin ctly w hite but
remain erect; occurs most com m only
on higher locations that are more
exposed to drying winds; can range
from small irregular patches to exten­
sive kill o f large areas.

A drying atmospheric environm ent
including high winds and low relative
h u m id ity; in addition, soil water
absorption is reduced at low tem per­
atures or may be inoperative because
the soil is frozen.

Desiccation o f the plant causes
skrinkage and collapse of the
protoplasm th a t results in me­
chanical damage and death.

(2) Soil

Leaves turn d istin ctly w hite and are
semi-erect; the tissues including the
crown are very dry; com m only occurs
in a more extensive pattern over the
tu rf than does atmospheric desiccation.

Extended periods of soil drought due
to a drying atmospheric environm ent
and lack of precipitation or irrigation.

(Same as above)

Leaves in itia lly appear water-soaked,
turning whitish-brown and progressing
to a dark brown; the leaves are lim p
and tend to lay as a mat over the soil;
a distinct, p u trid odor is frequently
evident; occurs most com m only in
poorly drained areas such as soil de­
pressions; frequently appear as large,
irregular patches.

A rapid decrease in temperature,
particularly the adjacent soil tem per­
ature; k ill most com m only occurs at
soil temperatures below 20 °F during
the late w in te r— early spring freezing
and thawing periods; may be associated
w ith thawing o f an ice cover that occurs
from underneath.

Large ice crystals fo rm w ith in
the plant tissues causing mechan­
ical destruction of the frozen,
b rittle protoplasm; the higher the
water content of the tissue, the
larger the ice crystals and the
more severe the kill.

(1) Fusarium patch
(pink snow mold)

Pink mycelium on leaves; 1 to 2 inch,
tan, circular patches; or w hite myce­
lial mass on leaves, w hite to pink
circular patches up to 2 feet in
diameter.

Fusarium nival e; favored by tu rf grass
temperatures o f 32 to 40 ° F and moist
conditions.

Parasitic action.

(2) Spring dead spot

Appears in the spring as irregular,
circular dead sports o f up to 3 feet
in diameter; shoots, rhizomes, stolons,
and roots w ith in the spot w ill be
killed; affected spots com m only re­
occur in the same location each year
and may gradually enlarge.

Causal organism has not been identi­
fied; favored by turfgrass temperatures
below 50 °F and wet conditions.

Unknown

(3) Typhula blight
(gray snow mold)

Light gray m ycelium on leaves,
especially at the margins of the ad­
vancing ring; whitish-gray, slimy,
circular patches of up to 2 feet
in diameter; brown sclerotia are
embedded in the leaves and crowns,
ranging up to 1/8 inch in diameter.

Typhula itoana, T.
idahoenis, or T.
ishikariensis; favored by turfgrass
temperatures o f 32 to 40 ° F, especially
under an ice cover or during its thaw.

Parasitic action

(4) W inter crown rot

Light gray, matted mycelial growth
may be evident on the leaves; irregular
shaped patches in itia lly appear yellow
and gradually deteriorate to a straw
color; individual patches up to 1 fo o t
in diameter may coalesce causing
damage over a large area.

U nidentified low temperature Basidiom ycte; favored by turfgrass tem ­
peratures of 28 to 32 °F, especially
under a snow cover.

In ju ry results from hydrogen
cyanide gas produced by the saporp h ytic fungus; subsequently the
fungus invades the host plant.

(1) On frozen
tu rf grass leaves

Erect, white to light-tan dead leaves
appearing in the shape of the fo o t­
prints or wheels where they have been
impressed onto the tu rf.

Pressure of the tra ffic (shoes or
wheels) on the rigid, frozen tissues;
the problem most com m only occurs
during the early morning hours.

Disruption o f the frozen, b rittle
protoplasm th a t has ice crystals
surrounding and extending into
the plant cell.

(2) On wet, slush
covered tu rf

Leaves in itia lly appear water-soaked
turning whitish-brow n and progressing
to a dark brown; the leaves are limp
and tend to lay as a mat over the soil;
appears in irregular shapes associated
w ith previous patterns o f concentrated
tra ffic ; soil ruttin g may also be evident.

Snow cover thaws to a slushy condi­
tion causing increased hydration of
the turfgrass crowns; tra ffic , including
snowmobiles, force the wet slush into
intim ate contact w ith the turfgrass
crowns; kill most com m only occurs
if this event is follow ed by a decrease
in temperature to below 2 0 °F.

N ot com pletely understood, but
related to the direct low tem per­
ature k ill mechanism.

B.

Direct low
temperature k ill

C.

Low temperature
diseases:

D.

Sym ptoms

T raff ic

Table 2. Practices available to minimize winter injury on golf course turf
Practices th a t m inim ize injury
Types of
winter in ju ry
A.

T u rf grass cultural

Soil management

Specific protectants

Turfgrass species
most com m only
affected

Desiccation:
(1) Atm osphere

Moderate nitrogen nutritional levels.

Do not core in late fall and
leave the holes open.

Conwed W inter
Protection Blanket

Annual bluegrass

Polyethylene
(4-6 mil)

E lim ination of any thatch
problem.

Saran Shade Cloth
(94%)
Topdressing (0.4 y d ^ /
1,000 sq. ft.)
Windbreaks such as snow
fence, brush, or ornamental
tree and shrub plantings.
Natural organic mulches.
(2) Soil

Moderate nitrogen n u tri­
tional levels.

(Same as above)

(Same as above)

Rapid surface drainage by
proper contours, open
catch basins, and ditches.

Conwed W inter
Protection Cover

Annual bluegrass

Irrigation or hauling o f water
to critical turfgrass areas.
B.

Direct low
temperature
k ill

Moderate nitrogen nutritional levels.
High potassium n u tritio n a l
levels.
Higher cu tting heights.
E lim ination of any thatch
problem.
Avoidance o f excessive
irrigation.

C.

Low temperature
diseases
(1) Fusarium patch

Moderate nitrogen n u tri­
tional levels.

Adequate subsurface drainage by drain tile, soil m odi­
fication w ith coarse textured
materials, slit trenches, and
dry wells.
C ultivation, especially coring
and slicing, when compaction
is a problem

Avoiding neutral to alkaline
soil pH's

High potassium and iron
n u tritio n a l levels.

Soil Retention Mat

Bermudagrass
Annual bluegrass
Red fescue

Enhancing a snow cover
w ith a snow fence or brush.
Natural organic mulches such
as straw.
Soil warming by electricity.

Cadmiums

Annual bluegrass

Benomyl

Bentgrass

Daconil
Mercuries

Moderate to low cu tting
heights.
E lim ination of any thatch
problem.
(2) Spring dead spot

(3) Typhula blight

Avoid excessive w inter
irrigation.

Provide good surface and
subsurface drainage.

E lim ination of any thatch
problem.

Cultivate when compaction
is a problem.

Moderate nitrogen n u tri­
tional levels.

Provide good surface and
subsurface drainage.

Moderate to low cu tting
heights.

Cultivate when compaction
is a problem.

Nabam, tim e the applica­
tions to be present when
soil temperatures are
below 5 0 ° F and the soil
is water saturated.

Bermudagrass

Cadmiums

Annual bluegrass

Chloroneb

Bentgrass

Mercuries

E lim ination of any thatch
problem.
(4) Winter crown
rot
D.

E lim ination of any thatch
problem.

Mercuric chloride
(2 applications)

A p p ly a light application
of water in early morning;
this is most effective when
the soil is not frozen and
the air temperatures are
above freezing.

W ithhold or divert tra ffic
from turfgrass areas during
periods when the leaf and
stem tissues are frozen.

Annual bluegrass
Bentgrass

T raffic:
(1) On frozen
tu rf grass
leaves

(2) On wet, slush
covered tu rf

W ithhold tra ffic on turfgrass
areas during wet, slushy con­
ditions, especially if a drastic
freeze is anticipated.

Annual bluegrass

What is RPAR?
RPAR is a regulatory procedure that is designed to evaluate
the possible adverse effects of an agrichemical on man or his
environment. We think that’s good. The idea and concept of
careful scientific study and review are basic to the registration
of pesticides.
in this procedure, information, data, studies or reports
about an agrichemical are gathered by the EPA. Anyone,
regardless of their qualifications, expertise or credibility, can
submit or cite information on a compound. The EPA
evaluates this information, making a preliminary assessment
of its validity. Data that exceeds hazard criteria established by
the Agency acts as a “ trigger” for an RPAR.
An RPAR notice does not ban the compound. It is not a
notice of intent to cancel the registration. So there is no
interruption to manufacture or sale of a compound, while the
RPAR process is underway.
RPAR does, however, presume that a compound poses a
hazard, and it gives the manufacturing company or others a
chance to “ rebut” or argue that the presumed hazard doesn’t
exist, isn’t unreasonable, or eventually that the benefits of the
compound outweigh the apparent risk.
Many people get into the act during an RPAR investiga­
tion—the people who make a crop chemical, those who use it
(farmers), those who research it (investigators, scientists),
those who process or distribute food, home gardeners,
consumers, and others. The EPA asks for inputs from
everyone and says that risks will indeed be measured against
benefits. The USDA already has a multi-crop team of
specialists evaluating benefits of benomyl on food, crops, turf
and ornamentals.
Most critics agree the biggest problem with the RPAR
procedure is that it generates a lot of media attention to
alleged risks. The press gets all the negative presumptions
about a compound before any evidence is presented—before
the defense is heard.
And ultimately, the EPA is both judge and jury. What
happens if there is conflicting evidence? The system weighs
heavily on the risk side of the equation because the primary
responsibility of the EPA is to protect the enviornment, not
support the production of food.

activity, hazard to aquatic life, and hazard to earthworms.
DuPont believes it can supply adequate evidence to the
EPA to successfully rebut the presumption.
The first question on genetic effects (mutagenicity) has
been raised because some lab tests suggest benomyl may be
active in bacterial and other microbial systems. However,
most scientists are agreed that such findings only indicate*
more definitive tests should be run in animals to see if a,
chemical represents a mutagenic risk to man. Such tests have!
been conducted with benomyl without adverse effects.
Some investigators have caused cell (chromosomal)^
changes in animals by adminstering benomyl at high dosages
directly into the stomach. However, when animals are fed
benomyl, even at high dietary levels, it is rapidly metaboilized,
and excreted and there is no evidence of this type of
mutagenic effect.
The alleged risk of birth defects (teratogenicity) is based on^
a Russian study in which “ Benlate” was administered at high
levels directly into the stomach of rats. When “ Benlate” was
added to normal animal diets, however, no effect was seen at
any level in rats or rabbits.
The question about reproductive effects (reduced
spermatogenic activity) stems from tests on rats in which
observations followed high levels of exposure by inhalation or
forced feeding directly into the stomach. There were no such
effects in normal rat feeding tests. Even when rats were
exposed to high levels of “ Benlate” over three full
generations there was no effect on any aspect of reproduction
or the reproductive system. Feeding levels in these no-effect
tests were equivalent to human consumption of more than
two tablespoons of “ Benlate” per day for life. Inhalation
tests at levels several hundred times that encountered in
manufacturing operations had no effect, and in skin tests, no
effects were observed at any level.
The fourth area in which EPA expressed concern is toxicitj
to fish. Here we agree with the EPA. “ Benlate” like many
pesticides is toxic to fish. Our present labels says the materia:
is toxic to fish and prohibits its use where fish could be
exposed.
To date, there have been no reported fish kills when
“ Benlate” was applied according to the instructions on the
label.
The final presumption against benomyl is that it poses i
hazard to earthworms. We also agree. “ Benlate,” like man]
pesticides, is toxic to some earthworms and under condition:
of heavy use where treated foliage is consumed by surface
feeding species of worms, “ Benlate” may reduce thei:
numbers.
However, when treatment is stopped, earthworms retun
and there is no effect on earthworms in adjacent areas. Ther
is also no evidence that a reduction in the earthwornj
population has any effect on crop yield.
So much for the five risks that triggered the RPAR agains
benomyl. When used as directed, “ Benlate” is safe to mat
and to the environment.

The Alleged Risks
There are five alleged risks, or presumptions, that triggered
the RPAR against benomyl, including risk of causing genetic
effects, risk of birth defects, risk of reducing spermatogenic

YOU KNOW THE BENEFITS
TELL IT LIKE IT IS
Scientists, Superintendents, the USDA,—all of us can sut
mit evidence or cite experience about the economic, social an

THE RPAR AGAINST BENOMYL
A Rebuttable Presumption Against Registration (RPAR)
was issued early December against products containing
benomyl fungicide (Tersan 1991) and as a result the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has begun a
complex review of the benefits and risks of “ Benlate”
benomyl compounds—a process which could take a year or
more to complete. During or at the end of this review, EPA’s
pesticide office will recommend one of three things:
• benomyl fungicides should be kept on the market (Re­
registered)
• additional safeguards should be placed on their use
• some or all uses must be stopped (registration cancelled)

environmental benefits of disease control with “Benlate”
(Tersan 1991). In fact, all of us better send Washington a
message if we’re going to show that the benefits outweigh the
presumed risks.
“Benlate” needs letters that demonstrate its importance to
disease control—and crop quality. The more detailed the
information, (numbers on crops grown—acreage—$$$ value—
years a crop has been grown—disease control experience) the
better the letter, and the more it can help.
“Benlate” (Tersan 1991) letters must have the reference
notation: OPP-30000/23 and the EPA wants three copies sent
to:
Federal Register Section
Technical Services Division (WH-569)
Room 401 East Tower
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
And while you’re at it—send a copy of the letter to your
Congressman!
We’d like to encourage you to submit such information real
soon and include as many of the following points as you can:
1. Name specific crops diseases and acreages.
2. Effect on crop yields or quality if no fungicide were used
(in tons or bushels lost per acre, etc.).
3. Availability, comparative effectiveness and cost of alternate
fungicides. Are they likely to be involved in RPAR, too?
4. Effects that loss of “Benlate” would have on your ability to
grow or market crops. Would it become economically
difficult to grow a crop? How much would the local

For the superintendent

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economy suffer?
5. Would growers or farm laborers be put out of work?
6. How much might consumer prices for the crop be affected?
Reprinted from DuPont Agricultural News
Special Edition (1978)

Ralph Damiano addressed the group on purchasing practices.

THE MAZE THEORY
A noted psychologist interviewed and measured 100
successful businessmen and how they “ moved up the ladder”
to success. Dr. Jennings found seven reasons these people
“ made it” through the Maze.”
1. TRUST SENSE. This is the first and most important.
This means that the MAZE BRIGHT man takes the trouble
to make himself available to his organizational superiors. His
boss trusts him, knows that he is working and most
important, that the boss can find him if he needs him. The
boss feels sure that he can depend on the MAZE BRIGHT
person should he need to make a tricky decision or just talk.
2. POWER SENSE. The MAZE BRIGHT individual
knows who are the really key people in any organization. He
knows that a man’s position on an organizational chart is not
the true indicator of the man’s ability to get things done or to
make changes in the structure of the organization. He knows
that out of a group of executives in a firm, all at the same
level on the organizational chart, some will enjoy more power
•and influence than others. He also knows that if he is to be
successful, he must associate himself with the truly powerful
people or those that have a direct line to the top decision
makers.
3. PRIORITY SENSE. Knowing what is important to the
important people. Priority sense is the matter of determining
on your own, the really important things you should be doing
with your time. The MAZE BRIGHT person realizes that he
is evaluated on only 10% of his output and exactly when that
evaluation is taking place.
4. RULE SENSE. Rule sense is the ability to look behind
the reason that a given rule exists. A shrewd executive will
never write down a rule unless it is absolutely necessary.

A SALESMAN’S ONE WOEFUL DAY.
A White January Starches The Road Into An Icy Bale,
Along The Ever-Winding Bend Of The Antique Rail,
And Drapes The Sleeveless-Trees In A Silvery-Veil,
As The Wheels Point Skyward Against A Sea Of Glare,
In A Stubborn WThirl To Reach The Barn—On-APrayer;
But The Barn’s Hollow, With Nary A Trifling Whisper,
Impelling A Cold-Stillness To Grip A Dispirited Ring;
The Day Fails To Hear The Missing Dog’s Eerie Whimper, Or Even A Mere Flapping Of A Pigeon’s Wing,
To Awaken The Ghostly Silence In The Wind;

However, the shrewder employee will look at the rule and
examine why it was created. Why the writer wrote it and what
he had in mind. The MAZE BRIGHT employee will
determine if the rule applies to him, how it applies to him and
interpret the rule accordingly.
5. FACE SENSE. The MAZE BRIGHT person will never
attack a man’s face or ego. This makes enemies and this is the
last thing a MAZE BRIGHT individual has in mind. For
example: At a meeting, a suggestion is put out. You don’t
agree with the idea. The MAZE DULL person will come out
and say “ that’s a stupid idea.” This an attack on the man’s
face and it makes the man look badly. The MAZE BRIGHT
individual will say something like “ That’s a good idea, Fred,
however, have you considered this . . . ” then go on to bring
out his critique of the man’s idea in such a way as not to at­
tack the man’s face or ego.
6. SENSE OF PROPER. Everyone has a sense of proper.
Some words, actions, or activities offend us. The MAZE
BRIGHT individual will not offend someone’s sense of
proper by swearing or engaging in activities that may be
offensive to any individual in the room or given environment.
7. CUE SENSE. This is the ability of a MAZE BRIGHT
person to interpret visual or verbal cues from a superior that
may change his priorities or the project currently in the
works. This is done without the boss coming out and saying it
directly. In other words, the MAZE BRIGHT employee has
the knowledge to watch his superior, interpret what they say
and do and determine his own direction without actually
being told what to do or how to do it.
From S. Florida Green, October 1976

Sometime, when you’re felling important;
Sometime, when your ego’s in bloom;
Sometime when you take it for granted
You’re the best qualified in the room;
Sometime when you feel that your going
Would leave an unfillable hole;
Just follow this simple instruction,
And see how it humbles your soul.

Only The Tempo Of Tinsel Pelting The Shingle Remain, And Smothers The Imprinted Tire-Trail Of It’s Stain;
As The Salesman “ Barn-Lingers” In A Patient Cling, In The Midst Of Machinery Which Lie In A Reposed Sling;

Take a bucket and fill it with water;
Put your hand in it, up to the wrist,
Pull it out and the hole that’s remaining
As a measure of how you’ll be missed;
You may splash all you please when you enter;
You can stir up the water galore;
But stop, and you’ll find in a minute
That it looks quite the same as before.

The Care Drenched With A Cake Of Lathered-Flake, Ignited—Now Squealing Crazily From A Cautious Brake;
Viewing Acres of Sleeping-Fairways Along The Way;
Disappears Under A Restless Sky—Turned Gray.
Frank Paladino

The moral in this quaint example
Is do just the best that you can;
Be proud of yourself, but remember,
There is no indispensable man.
. . . . Anonymous

i

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A product for all reasons.

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P.O. Box 1685, Atlanta, Ga. 30301
I ADI

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